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Table-3: DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
REPORT ON URINE ANALYSIS
TEST/METHOD RESULT
RESUL UNITS RANGE
24 hrs.Protein 90 mg/day <100 mg
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24 hrs Creatinine 2.7 mg/day 1-2
24 hrs.Calcium 305 mg/day Up to 200
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24hrs.phosphorous 0.8 mg/day upto 1g
24hrs.uric Acid 800 mg/day upto 600
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ELECTROLYTES :
Sodium 140 mmoles/L 125-250
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potassium 50 mmoles/L 25-100
Osmolality (calculated) 180 mmoles/L 100-600
Glucose 65 mg/dl 50-80
Chlorides 128 mmoles/L 120-130
Urea 35 gm/day 20-30
m moles / L means millimoles per litre, mg/dl means milligram per deci litre.
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76 X Class Excretion The wastage disposing system
What are the materials needed to be removed from our body?
From where do these materials removed?
What are the organs that seperate excretory materials?
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Why do you think the body must remove waste substances?
Studying the structure and function of our excretory system will help
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us to understand this better.
Excretory System in Human being
In human beings excretion mainly occurs through a urinary or
excretory system consisting of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary
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bladder and urethra, as shown in the fig-4. Now let us observe external and
internal features of a kidney in goat / sheep, which is similar to Human
kidney in function.
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Lab Activity
LA
Aim: Studying the external and internal features of a kidney
Materials required: Freshly collected specimen of sheep/goat’s kidney
from the butcher or 3D Model of a kidney, sharp blade/scalpel, tray and a
jug of water.
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Procedure for observation: Before coming to the class wash the
kidney thoroughly so that, blood is completely drained from it. Put
the kidney in the tray and observe it carefully. Note your observations
in the observation book. With the help of sharp blade take a longitudinal
section here you are advised to do this activity under the guidance of
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your teacher and observe the internal structure.
Draw what you have observed and compare it with fig-1,2.
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What is the shape of kidneys? fig-1: Kidney
of goat
What is the colour of kidney?
Do you find any attachments on upper portion of kidney?
Is the Internal structures similar to fig-2
What is the colour of the outer part in L.S of kidney?
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In L.S of kidney where do you find dark brown colour portion?
How many tubes are coming out from kidney fissure?
Don’t forget to wash your hands with antibacterial lotion after
completing dissection.