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Observe the permanent slide of nerve cell or neuron under microscope
draw and label its parts, compare with the following diagram.
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dendrites Each nerve cell consists of a cell body with
nissl’s granules a prominent nucleus. There are fine projections
nucleus mainly of two types extending from the cell body
cell body of the nerve cell. The small projections are
dendrites while a long one that extends to
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schwann cell
different parts of our body is called Axon. The
fig-3: axon axon is surrounded by a specialized insulatory
Nerve cell node of ranvier sheath called myelin sheath.This sheath is
myelin sheath interrupted at regular intervals called nodes of
synaptic knob ranvier.The myelin sheath is made up of schwann
cells and chiefly consists of fatty material.
axon terminal Axons not having the sheath are non-myelinated
96 X Class Coordination - The liking system
fibers. The covering also forms a partition between adjacent axons. The
nerve cell body lies either in our brain or spinal cord or very close to the
spinal cord in a region called dorsal or ventral root ganglion. In the brain
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or spinal cord, it is difficult to make out the difference between dendrites
and axons on the basis of their length, often, the presence of the sheath
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helps us to find out but several axons here do not have the sheath.
We know that the nerve cell is the structural and
functional unit of nervous system. Our nervous system
consists of more than100 billion of them, which
communicate with each other in a specific manner.
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Synapse
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Dendrites of one nerve cell connect to the other or
to the axons of the other nerve cell through
connections called as a ‘synapse’.
Synapse is the functional region of contact
between two neurons, where information from one
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neuron is transmitted or relayed to another neuron. fig-4: Synapse
Though these are regions of minute gaps and essentially neurons do not
have any protoplasmic connection between them yet information is passed
from one nerve cell to the other through these gaps either in the form of
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chemical or electrical signals or both. These synapses are mainly found
on the brain, spinal cord and around the spinal cord. Beyond these areas
the axon carries the signals to respective areas in our body.
Pathways: From stimulus to response
In the holding stick activity you observed that there is coordination
between eye and finger. Different pathways are taken by nerves to bring
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about this coordinated activity.
On the basis of pathways followed, nerves are classified mainly into
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three different types. They are as follows.
Afferent nerves or Sensory nerves :
(a) Afferent (or ferrying towards) which carry messages towards the
central nervous system (spinal cord or brain) from nerve endings on the
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muscles of different sense organs that sense the change in surroundings
are called stimulus detectors. These are also called ‘sensory’ nerves.
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fig-5: Sensory neuron
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