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karthikmns
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eval_testing_mns

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(b) Efferent nerves or motor nerves :
Efferent (or ferrying away) which carry messages from the central
nervous system to parts that shall carry out the response or the effectors
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(muscles). They are also called ‘motor’ nerves.
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fig-6: motor neuron
(c) Association nerves:
Association nerves, which link together the afferent and efferent
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nerves.
gan of your body was the detector and which the effector
Which organ
in Activity-1?
What do you think that the information carried on the afferent and
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efferent nerves?
Activity-1 showed a
Brain or
spinal cord response on which you had some
control or it was voluntary
(recall the use of the voluntary
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Afferent Efferent
and involuntary muscles that you
Association
nerves nerves nerves studied in class 9th.). We know
that our body would also need to
respond to certain situations on
which we may not have a control.
Muscles of
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Sense
organs the organ Such responses are called
reflexes.A simple activity shall
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fig-7: Different nerve pathways help us to understand this better.
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Activity-3
Knee jerk reflex
Cross the legs, in a seated position, so that the lower
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half of the uppermost leg hangs freely over the other. Strike
the area below the knee cap sharply, while firmly grasping
the front part of the thigh with the other hand. Note the
changes in shape of the thigh muscles.
Note that although we are fully conscious, we cannot
prevent the thigh muscles from contracting. Such a response
fig-8: Knee jerk
98 X Class Coordination - The liking system
is said to be involuntary. Now the same thigh muscle can operate in a
voluntary manner, as when we kick a football.
Do you think most of the functions in our body go about in an
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involuntary manner? Why /Why not?
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Do you know ?
The existence of the knee jerk was first noted in 1875. At first it was doubted
whether a nervous reflex was involved at all. But it was discovered that if, in an
anaesthetized monkey where spinal nerves supplying the limb were cut, the knee jerk
reaction would not occur. Clearly a nerve pathway was involved.
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During actions which are involuntary and have to be carried out in very
short intervals of time, the pathway that nerves follow is a short one; it
does not go up to the brain while voluntary pathways are usually longer