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548305 | Cytogenetic abnormalities and fragile-x syndrome in Autism Spectrum Disorder | Background Autism is a behavioral disorder with impaired social interaction, communication, and repetitive and stereotypic behaviors. About 5–10 % of individuals with autism have 'secondary' autism in which an environmental agent, chromosome abnormality, or single gene disorder can be identified. Ninety percent have id... | Background In 1943 Kanner coined "infantile autism" (autism derived from Greek autos , or self) after observing 11 children, mostly boys, on the basis of their social isolation. Autism, often referred to as autistic disorder or infantile autism, is a complex behavioral disorder, which, by definition, develops prior to ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548305.xml |
517827 | A Richer Map for Searching Scientific Literature | null | Anyone who has used a search engine quickly becomes familiar with both their power and limitations. A key-word search for “bush kerry butterfly county” turns up almost twenty-eight thousand documents, but a scant few of them are of any interest to the botanist studying the butterfly bush in County Kerry. The problem is... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517827.xml |
548304 | Steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis treated with corticosteroids, metronidazole and vancomycin: a case report | Background Increasing evidence elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of ulcerative colitis (UC) has accumulated and the disease is widely assumed to be the consequence of genetic susceptibility and an abnormal immune response to commensal bacteria. However evidence regarding an infectious etiology in UC remains elusive... | Background Clostridium difficile infection may be a compounding factor in ulcerative colitis (UC) with data suggestive of a role in disease exacerbation or initiation by the organism in a subset of patients [ 1 ]. Adjunctive antibiotic therapy, either broad-spectrum or gram positive-specific, has shown limited efficacy... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548304.xml |
535338 | Size control in growing yeast and mammalian cells | Background In a recent publication it was claimed that cultured mammalian cells, in contrast to yeasts, maintain a constant size distribution in the population without a size checkpoint. This inference may be challengeable. Results (1) It is argued that "weak" size control implies the existence of a checkpoint, and unf... | Introduction Conlon and Raff [ 1 ] recently stated that constant size distribution is maintained in a culture of proliferating rat Schwann cells without the need for any size checkpoint, in contrast to the situation in yeast. Before discussing their conclusion, it is important to consider their techniques and nomenclat... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535338.xml |
522877 | Improving identification of differentially expressed genes in microarray studies using information from public databases | The process of identifying differentially expressed genes in miroarray studies with small sample sizes can be improved substantially by extracting information from a large number of datasets accumulated in public databases. | Background Microarray experiments are often used to identify potentially relevant genes in biological processes. By determining which genes are differentially expressed between different states, for example, hypotheses can be developed as to the role of those genes in the underlying biological mechanism [ 1 - 4 ]. Howe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC522877.xml |
509416 | Calcineurin activation influences muscle phenotype in a muscle-specific fashion | Background The calcium activated protein phosphatase 2B, also known as calcineurin, has been implicated as a cell signaling molecule involved with transduction of physiological signals (free cytosolic Ca 2+ ) into molecular signals that influence the expression of phenotype-specific genes in skeletal muscle. In the pre... | Background Skeletal muscle adapts to neural and use-dependent signals by altering its mass and phenotypic properties, including the proportion of slow (I) and fast (IIa, IIx, and IIb) myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms [ 1 , 2 ]. Calcineurin has been implicated as a regulatory molecule involved in the transduction of co... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509416.xml |
539264 | Dissemination of information to General Practitioners: a questionnaire survey | Background Early identification of permanent hearing impairment in children enables appropriate intervention which reduces adverse developmental outcomes. The UK Government has introduced a universal hearing screening programme for neonates. All involved health professionals, including those in Primary Care, need to be... | Background Approximately 1.65 per 1000 babies born in the UK have a significant permanent hearing impairment (>40 dB HL) detectable at birth [ 1 ]. Early recognition and appropriate intervention can reduce the proven negative impact on the development of communication skills [ 2 ]. Thus, based on robust evidence [ 3 ],... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539264.xml |
522876 | Function-informed transcriptome analysis of Drosophila renal tubule | Analysis of the transcriptome of the Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian (renal) tubule gives a radically new view of the function of the tubule, emphasising solute transport rather than fluid secretion. | Background Microarrays allow the interrogation of the transcriptome, the set of genes transcribed in a particular cell type under a particular condition [ 1 ]. Arrays are particularly potent tools when their coverage is relatively comprehensive, based on a completed and well annotated genome, such as that of Drosophila... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC522876.xml |
493266 | Characterization of the GATC regulatory network in E. coli | Background The tetranucleotide GATC is methylated in Escherichia. coli by the DNA methyltransferase (Dam) and is known to be implicated in numerous cellular processes. Mutants lacking Dam are characterized by a pleiotropic phenotype. The existence of a GATC regulated network, thought to be involved in cold and oxygen s... | Background The tetranucleotide GATC is methylated in Escherichia. coli by the DNA methyltransferase (Dam); this enzyme methylates the adenine residue within 5'-GATC-3' sequences in double stranded DNA. GATC motifs and their methylation by Dam play an important role in E. coli ; they are involved in mismatch repair (see... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC493266.xml |
546329 | SIRT1 Regulates HIV Transcription via Tat Deacetylation | The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Tat protein is acetylated by the transcriptional coactivator p300, a necessary step in Tat-mediated transactivation. We report here that Tat is deacetylated by human sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent class III protein deacetylase in vitro and in vivo... | Introduction The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) is essential for the transcriptional activation of the integrated HIV-1 provirus. Without Tat, HIV transcriptional elongation is inefficient and results in abortive transcripts that cannot support viral replication [ 1 , 2 ]. Tat is produced early a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546329.xml |
526387 | Nutrition and cancer: A review of the evidence for an anti-cancer diet | It has been estimated that 30–40 percent of all cancers can be prevented by lifestyle and dietary measures alone. Obesity, nutrient sparse foods such as concentrated sugars and refined flour products that contribute to impaired glucose metabolism (which leads to diabetes), low fiber intake, consumption of red meat, and... | Review Background The field of investigation of the role of nutrition in the cancer process is very broad. It is becoming clearer as research continues that nutrition plays a major role in cancer. It has been estimated by the American Institute for Cancer Research and the World Cancer Research Fund that 30–40 percent o... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526387.xml |
517833 | Keeping Proteins on Target | null | To keep a cell healthy, proteins must go to the right places within a cell. To direct proteins to specific areas of the cell, they're marked with tags akin to zip codes on mail. These tags can direct one protein to the cell's nucleus, where it regulates gene expression, say, while another is sent to the hinterlands of ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517833.xml |
387276 | Neural Basis of Solving Problems with Insight | null | If you're one of those insufferable people who can finish the Saturday New York Times crossword puzzle, you probably have a gift for insight. The puzzles always have an underlying hint to solving them, but on Saturdays that clue is insanely obtuse. If you had all day, you could try a zillion different combinations and ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC387276.xml |
514889 | Verifying Sequences that Enhance Splicing | null | Identifying the causative mutation for a disease can be the first step to a potential cure. This task is not always trivial. Often the initial strategy is to look for the variations within a mutated gene that alter its protein coding sequence, as these mutations often alter the gene's function. However, in a growing nu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514889.xml |
549556 | Treatment outcome of new culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Norway | Background The key elements in tuberculosis (TB) control are to cure the individual patient, interrupt transmission of TB to others and prevent the tubercle bacilli from becoming drug resistant. Incomplete treatment may result in excretion of bacteria that may also acquire drug resistance and cause increased morbidity ... | Background The key elements in tuberculosis (TB) control are to detect the disease as early as possible and to ensure that those diagnosed complete their treatment and get cured. The World Health Organization (WHO) target for treatment success is 85 percent of all detected smear-positive cases [ 1 ]. Even where free me... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549556.xml |
526185 | Peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst ameliorates renal damage and protein nitration in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats | Background Oxidative stress is involved in cisplatin-nephrotoxicity. However, it has not completely established if reactive nitrogen species and nitrosative stress are involved in this experimental model. The purpose of this work was to study the role of peroxynitrite, a reactive nitrogen specie, in cisplatin-nephrotox... | Background Cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammine-platinum II) is an effective antineoplastic agent in the treatment of various solid tumours [ 1 ] including cancers of the ovary, testis, bladder, head, neck, lung, cervix, and endometrium [ 2 ]. Nevertheless, its full clinical utility is limited due to some adverse side effec... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526185.xml |
539258 | Factors associated with herbal use among urban multiethnic primary care patients: a cross-sectional survey | Background The use of herbal supplements in the United States has become increasingly popular. The prevalence of herbal use among primary care patients varies in previous studies; the pattern of herbal use among urban racially/ethnically diverse primary care patients has not been widely studied. The primary objectives ... | Background The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the United States gained greater popularity in the 1990s. Two national telephone surveys of 1,539 and 2,005 adults, respectively, demonstrated an increasing trend in the use of CAM, including relaxation techniques, herbal medicine, massage, chiroprac... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539258.xml |
554088 | One year soy protein supplementation has positive effects on bone formation markers but not bone density in postmenopausal women | Background Although soy protein and its isoflavones have been reported to reduce the risk of osteoporosis in peri- and post-menopausal women, most of these studies are of short duration (i.e. six months). The objective of this study was to examine if one year consumption of soy-containing foods (providing 25 g protein ... | Background It is estimated by the year 2010, 35 million women in the United States either will have osteoporosis or be at risk of developing the disease if appropriate preventive measures are not taken [ 1 ]. Aside from existing drug therapies, certain lifestyle and nutritional factors are known to reduce the risk of o... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554088.xml |
526378 | Genome-wide microarray analysis of TGFβ signaling in the Drosophila brain | Background Members of TGFβ superfamily are found to play important roles in many cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, development, apoptosis, and cancer. In Drosophila , there are seven ligands that function through combinations of three type I receptors and two type II receptors. These signals c... | Background TGFβ pathways are conserved between primitive animals, such as sponges and sea anemone [ 1 , 2 ] and vertebrates, thus representing an ancient signal transduction pathway. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, TGFβ family members play fundamental roles in proliferation, pattern formation, apoptosis, and spe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526378.xml |
539066 | Hirsute or Hairless? Two Proteins May Spell the Difference | null | If you're a cat fancier, you're well aware that hair follicles are expendable. The product of a spontaneous mutation that caught a cat breeder's eye, le chat nu , would quickly succumb in the wild—its winter coat consists of little more than a ridge of fur down the midback and tail—and needs special care to thrive as a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539066.xml |
526191 | Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in experimental methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus sepsis | Background Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the leading pathogenic cause of nosocomial infections, especially in bacteraemia and sepsis. The essential therapy for MRSA infection is glycopeptides. Therapeutic failure can be seen with this therapy and the mortality is still high. The aim of this stud... | Background Staphylococcus aureus is an extremely virulent pathogen, and causes serious and deep-seated infections (e.g. endocarditis, osteomyelitis) [ 1 ]. In recent years, S. aureus is the leading pathogenic cause of both community-acquired and nosocomial infections, especially in bacteremia and sepsis [ 2 - 4 ]. Desp... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526191.xml |
524037 | Editorial: Wishful thinking | As a supplement to our lead editorial, the editors of the new journal, Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations , provide a partial list of specific analyses and topic areas they would like to see submitted to the journal. | In our lead editorial [ 1 ], the editors of Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations ( EP&I ) present the underlying goals and philosophy of the journal, along with the types of articles we hope to publish. Here we clarify our goals with some specific ideas about articles we would like to see submitted to EP&I and with... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524037.xml |
524023 | CytoJournal joins 'open access' philosophy | Welcome to CytoJournal ! We would like to introduce you to your journal, one that is run by and for the scientific cytopathology community with incontestable benefits of Open Access, and support from Cytopathology Foundation, Inc. CytoJournal is a peer-reviewed, PubMed indexed, online journal, publishing research in th... | Welcome to CytoJournal ! We would like to introduce you to your journal, one that is run by and for the scientific cytopathology community with incontestable benefits of Open Access . CytoJournal is a peer-reviewed cytopathology journal is owned and supported by Cytopathology Fondation, Inc. It is a PubMed indexed, onl... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524023.xml |
539270 | Sick leave among home-care personnel: a longitudinal study of risk factors | Background Sick leave due to neck, shoulder and back disorders (NSBD) is higher among health-care workers, especially nursing aides/assistant nurses, compared with employees in other occupations. More information is needed about predictors of sick leave among health care workers. The aim of the study was to assess whet... | Background Over the past century, sick leave, mainly attributed to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), has increased in Sweden, especially among women [ 1 ]. In 2003, the proportion of women on sick leave was higher than in any previous year [ 1 ], indicating more individual suffering and also increased cost for the commu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539270.xml |
514490 | The Rab5 Effector Rabankyrin-5 Regulates and Coordinates Different Endocytic Mechanisms | The small GTPase Rab5 is a key regulator of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. On early endosomes, within a spatially restricted domain enriched in phosphatydilinositol-3-phosphate [PI(3)P], Rab5 coordinates a complex network of effectors that functionally cooperate in membrane tethering, fusion, and organelle motility. He... | Introduction In mammalian cells multiple mechanisms of endocytosis operate within a single cell to perform nutrient uptake, cellular homeostasis, neurotransmission, signal transduction, antigen presentation, and defence against pathogens. Endocytosis comprises two major categories, phagocytosis and pinocytosis, dependi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514490.xml |
549595 | Unregistered Trials Are Unethical | null | Current journal requirements forcing clinical trials to be registered [ 1 ] are insufficient and are unlikely to solve the problem of negative trials never even making it to a journal. Most of the patients consenting to clinical trials do so out of altruism. It is a great betrayal of their trust to suppress clinical tr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549595.xml |
548674 | Human breast cancer cell-mediated bone collagen degradation requires plasminogen activation and matrix metalloproteinase activity | Background Breast cancer cells frequently metastasize to the skeleton and induce extensive bone destruction. Cancer cells produce proteinases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the plasminogen activator system (PAS) which promote invasion of extracellular matrices, but whether these proteinases degrade bon... | Background Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in the female population of industrialized countries. Metastasis of breast cancer cells to the skeleton occur in >70% of patients with progressive disease, resulting in debilitating symptoms such as severe bone pain, fractures, hypercalcaemia and spinal cord or nerve... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548674.xml |
499549 | Stem cells and repair of lung injuries | Fueled by the promise of regenerative medicine, currently there is unprecedented interest in stem cells. Furthermore, there have been revolutionary, but somewhat controversial, advances in our understanding of stem cell biology. Stem cells likely play key roles in the repair of diverse lung injuries. However, due to ve... | Introduction According to Greek mythology, the immortal Prometheus stole fire from the Gods as a gift for humankind. As punishment, he was shackled to a rock, whereupon each day for 30,000 years an eagle consumed as much of his liver as would regenerate. There is some debate whether the eagle ate his liver or heart, bu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC499549.xml |
176545 | The Transcriptome of the Intraerythrocytic Developmental Cycle of Plasmodium falciparum | Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of the most burdensome form of human malaria, affecting 200–300 million individuals per year worldwide. The recently sequenced genome of P. falciparum revealed over 5,400 genes, of which 60% encode proteins of unknown function. Insights into the biochemical function and regu... | Introduction Human malaria is caused by four species of the parasitic protozoan genus Plasmodium . Of these four species, Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the vast majority of the 300–500 million episodes of malaria worldwide and accounts for 0.7–2.7 million annual deaths. In many endemic countries, malaria is ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC176545.xml |
544933 | Introducing "Frontiers in Zoology" | As a biological discipline, zoology has one of the longest histories. Today it occasionally appears as though, due to the rapid expansion of life sciences, zoology has been replaced by more or less independent sub-disciplines amongst which exchange is often sparse. However, the recent advance of molecular methodology i... | The revival of integrative zoology Zoology has a long history of more than 2000 years and is one of the natural sciences attracting most public attention. Nevertheless, as a scientific field, zoology occasionally is considered to be old-fashioned and in danger of being replaced by narrower sub-disciplines that focus on... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544933.xml |
529261 | Active collaboration with primary care providers increases specialist referral in chronic renal disease | Background Late referral to specialist nephrological care is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost. Consequently, nephrologists' associations recommend early referral. The recommendations' effectiveness remains questionable: 22–51% of referrals need renal replacement therapy (RRT) within 3–4 months. ... | Background Late referral to specialist care for renal failure is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost (review in[ 1 , 2 ]). Consequently, nephrologists' associations recommend early referral[ 3 , 4 ]. The recently published ERA/ EDTA guideline states: "Referral to nephrology should be considered whe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529261.xml |
535933 | Bilateral Ramsay Hunt syndrome in a diabetic patient | Background Herpes zoster oticus accounts for about 10% cases of facial palsy, which is usually unilateral and complete and full recovery occurs in only about 20% of untreated patients. Bilateral herpes zoster oticus can sometime occur in immunocompromised patients, though incidence is very rare. Case presentation Diabe... | Background Varicella-zoster virus, member of Herpesviridae family has structural characteristics like a lipid envelope surrounding a nucleocapsid with icosahedral symmetry, a total diameter of 180–200 nm and centrally located double-stranded DNA about 125,000 bp in length. Varicella-zoster virus lies latent in sensory ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535933.xml |
535890 | Autodissemination of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae amongst adults of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. | Background The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is being considered as a biocontrol agent for adult African malaria vectors. In the laboratory, work was carried out to assess whether horizontal transmission of the pathogen can take place during copulation, as this would enhance the impact of the fungus on... | Introduction Control of the main African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) continues to rely heavily on application of residual insecticides, either for indoor residual house spraying [ 1 ] or bednet impregnation [ 2 ]. These approaches have been highly effective in reducing malaria morbidity and mo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535890.xml |
523228 | Whole-Genome Analysis of Temporal Gene Expression during Foregut Development | We have investigated the cis -regulatory network that mediates temporal gene expression during organogenesis. Previous studies demonstrated that the organ selector gene pha-4 /FoxA is critical to establish the onset of transcription of Caenorhabditis elegans foregut (pharynx) genes. Here, we discover additional cis -re... | Introduction Formation of organs depends on successive programs of gene expression during development. Temporal regulation of transcription is critical to achieve spatial patterning, as seen during vertebrate somitogenesis ( Pourquie 2003 ). Temporal regulation is also essential to integrate the progression of events t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523228.xml |
526783 | Nicotine as Therapy | In daily use for centuries by hundreds of millions of people, nicotine has only lately been investigated for its therapeutic potential in a long list of common ills | There's a cheap, common, and mostly safe drug, in daily use for centuries by hundreds of millions of people, that only lately has been investigated for its therapeutic potential for a long list of common ills. The list includes Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, depression and anxiety, schizophrenia, attention defic... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526783.xml |
549542 | The effects of long-term total parenteral nutrition on gut mucosal immunity in children with short bowel syndrome: a systematic review | Background Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is defined as the malabsorptive state that often follows massive resection of the small intestine. Most cases originate in the newborn period and result from congenital anomalies. It is associated with a high morbidity, is potentially lethal and often requires months, sometimes yea... | Background In the late 1960's, the introduction of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) as an alternative nutrition provided a life saving solution to children with chronic bowel obstructions, fistulas, loss of mucosal body surfaces, short bowel syndrome, and other clinical problems that precluded enteral diet by mouth or ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549542.xml |
523837 | Assessment of Volume Depletion in Children with Malaria | ABSTRACT Background The degree of volume depletion in severe malaria is currently unknown, although knowledge of fluid compartment volumes can guide therapy. To assist management of severely ill children, and to test the hypothesis that volume changes in fluid compartments reflect disease severity, we measured body com... | Introduction Malaria claims one million lives annually, with more than 90% of these being those of children in sub-Saharan Africa [ 1 ]. Most deaths of hospitalised children occur in the first 24 h after admission. Even modest improvements in management during this time may improve survival [ 2 ]. There is considerable... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523837.xml |
515375 | A Novel Pathway for a Tumor Suppressor | null | Millions of different proteins exist in nature, each with a unique structure that determines its function. Proteins can have different effects depending on where they are in the cell and which proteins or pathways they associate with. The number of proteins produced by a cell varies, but scientists estimate that the hu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515375.xml |
524180 | Mapping medical careers: Questionnaire assessment of career preferences in medical school applicants and final-year students | Background The medical specialities chosen by doctors for their careers play an important part in the workforce planning of health-care services. However, there is little theoretical understanding of how different medical specialities are perceived or how choices are made, despite there being much work in general on th... | Background Medical careers begin as undifferentiated, and postgraduate training ends with most doctors specialised for a specific area of practice. Relatively little is known about the transition from the medical student, who can be seen as a relatively undifferentiated, totipotent 'stem doctor' [ 1 , 2 ], potentially ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524180.xml |
544890 | Controversial significance of early S100B levels after cardiac surgery | Background The brain-derived protein S100B has been shown to be a useful marker of brain injury of different etiologies. Cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass has been reported to occur in up to 70% of patients. In this study we tried to evaluate S100B as a marker for cognitive dysfun... | Background Despite the fact that incidence figures between 4–79% have been reported for cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery [ 1 ], diagnostic steps are seldom taken to diagnose this impairment. The golden standard for detecting cognitive dysfunction is neuropsychological tests, which are complex and difficult t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544890.xml |
514719 | Anti-ischemic therapy and stress testing: pathophysiologic, diagnostic and prognostic implications | Anti-ischemic therapy, in particular beta-blockers, is the most commonly employed drug for the control of myocardial ischemia in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Its widespread use also in patients with suspected coronary artery disease has important practical, clinical diagnostic and prognostic implicatio... | Background Anti-ischemic therapy, in particular beta-blockers, is the most commonly employed drug for the control of myocardial ischemia in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Its widespread use also in patients with suspected coronary artery disease has important practical, clinical diagnostic and prognostic... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514719.xml |
535927 | 4-D single particle tracking of synthetic and proteinaceous microspheres reveals preferential movement of nuclear particles along chromatin – poor tracks | Background The dynamics of nuclear organization, nuclear bodies and RNPs in particular has been the focus of many studies. To understand their function, knowledge of their spatial nuclear position and temporal translocation is essential. Typically, such studies generate a wealth of data that require novel methods in im... | Background Interphase nuclei are structurally highly organized with chromosomes restricted to defined territories[ 1 ]. The movement of large complexes or nuclear bodies such as Cajal bodies or PML bodies in the nucleus has been described by various groups [ 2 - 4 ]. This type of organization of interphase chromosomes ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535927.xml |
544927 | A Functional Neuroimaging Study of Sound Localization: Visual Cortex Activity Predicts Performance in Early-Blind Individuals | Blind individuals often demonstrate enhanced nonvisual perceptual abilities. However, the neural substrate that underlies this improved performance remains to be fully understood. An earlier behavioral study demonstrated that some early-blind people localize sounds more accurately than sighted controls using monaural c... | Introduction Animals and humans deprived of vision have been shown to have enhanced nonvisual perceptual abilities. Indeed, many blind individuals are extremely efficient in tactile processing, including Braille reading; the talent manifested by some well-known blind musicians, singers, and even piano tuners is often i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544927.xml |
555745 | A murine model of ulcerative colitis: induced with sinusitis-derived superantigen and food allergen | Background The etiology of ulcerative colitis (UC) is to be understood. The basic pathological feature of UC is intestinal chronic inflammation. Superantigen, such as Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB), is reported to compromise intestinal barrier function by increasing epithelial permeability and initiate inflammation... | Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease characterized by inflammation and ulcers in the mucosa of the large intestine with unknown etiology. The inflammation usually occurs in the rectum and lower part of the colon, but it may affect the entire colon. The inflammation speeds up colonic motility and causes diarr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555745.xml |
526754 | Review on ''Bioinformatics, Biocomputing and Perl'' by Michael Moorhouse and Paul Barry | null | The book " Bioinformatics , Biocomputing and Perl " [ 1 ] attempts to encompass those numerous volumes which most bioinformaticians keep on their office bookshelves and which are often entitled as "S omething in a Nutshell ". The book aims at both biology- and computation-oriented audiences and is designed as a number ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526754.xml |
529249 | Management of multifactorial idiopathic epilepsy in EL mice with caloric restriction and the ketogenic diet: role of glucose and ketone bodies | Background The high fat, low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) was developed as an alternative to fasting for seizure management. While the mechanisms by which fasting and the KD inhibit seizures remain speculative, alterations in brain energy metabolism are likely involved. We previously showed that caloric restriction... | Background Epilepsy is a neurological disorder involving recurrent abnormal discharges of neurons that produce epileptic seizures [ 1 ]. With the exception of stroke, epilepsy is one of the most prevalent human neurological afflictions affecting about 1% of the US population [ 2 , 3 ]. Many persons with epilepsy manife... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529249.xml |
544884 | Hospitalisations for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in Akershus, Norway, 1993–2000: a population-based retrospective study | Background RSV is recognized as the most important cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children worldwide leading to hospitalisation in a great number of cases, especially in certain high-risk groups. The aims of the present study were to identify risk groups, outcome and incidences of... | Background Respiratory tract infections due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are very common in young children worldwide. In temperate climates the infection occurs in yearly winter epidemics, and by two years of age most children have been infected [ 1 ]. Reinfections are common throughout life but the first infec... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544884.xml |
545595 | Alternative splicing of mouse transcription factors affects their DNA-binding domain architecture and is tissue specific | Splice variants of 461 transcription factor loci were analyzed using a new database of splice variants in the mouse transcriptome, MouSDB3, providing quantitative evidence that alternative splicing preferentially adds or deletes domains important to the DNA-binding function of the TFs. | Background Alternative splicing is a widespread mechanism involved in regulation of gene expression, which enables production of many structurally and functionally different forms of proteins from a single gene, adding to the complexity of the genomes [ 1 - 3 ]. Different mRNA transcripts of a gene can be expressed in ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545595.xml |
423162 | A Method for Studying Calcium Dynamics in Transgenic Mice | null | Calcium makes up just 2% of the human body, and 99% of it is sequestered in bones and teeth. The remainder exists within and around cells, influencing a variety of cellular processes, from transcription and cell survival to nerve signaling and muscle contraction. Calcium inhabits the intra- and extracellular space as a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423162.xml |
526768 | Family doctors' involvement with families in Estonia | Background Family doctors should care for individuals in the context of their family. Family has a powerful influence on health and illness and family interventions have been shown to improve health outcomes for a variety of health problems. The aim of the study was to investigate the Estonian family doctors' (FD) atti... | Background There are significant differences in the way how primary health care is organised in Europe [ 1 ]. Estonia was one of the first Eastern European countries where modern general practice was implemented [ 2 ]. Previously, the primary health care system functioned according to the Soviet model, which was basica... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526768.xml |
212696 | Neuroscience Networks | To study the brain from molecules to behaviour, neuroscientists face the challenge of communicating an emerging wealth of information in coherent accessible forms | The completion of the human genome project has ushered in a new era in which biology has become an information science. In this new era, sharing of information is quickly becoming a critical aspect of scientific discovery. As directors of National Institutes of Health (NIH) institutes dedicated to neuroscience, we reco... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC212696.xml |
521173 | Oxidative Stress Inactivates Cobalamin-Independent Methionine Synthase (MetE) in Escherichia coli | In nature, Escherichia coli are exposed to harsh and non-ideal growth environments—nutrients may be limiting, and cells are often challenged by oxidative stress. For E. coli cells confronting these realities, there appears to be a link between oxidative stress, methionine availability, and the enzyme that catalyzes the... | Introduction As a consequence of living in an aerobic world, organisms face the challenge of maintaining a favorable cellular redox status. Oxidative stress is caused by imbalances between the production and disposal of reactive oxygen species, which can damage proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Bacteria encounter re... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521173.xml |
555751 | Antioxidant effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in rats with advanced liver cirrhosis | Background The exogenous administration of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) induces hepatoprotective and antifibrogenic actions in experimental liver cirrhosis. To better understand the possible pathways behind the beneficial effect of IGF-I, the aim of this work was to investigate severe parameters involved in oxi... | Background Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an anabolic hormone produced in different tissues in response to growth hormone (GH) stimulation [ 1 ]. Liver synthesis of IGF-I accounts for 90% of the circulating peptide. In cirrhosis the reduction of receptors for GH in hepatocytes and the diminished synthesis abil... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555751.xml |
529301 | Mothers' education but not fathers' education, household assets or land ownership is the best predictor of child health inequalities in rural Uganda | Background Health and nutrition inequality is a result of a complex web of factors that include socio-economic inequalities. Various socio-economic indicators exist however some do not accurately predict inequalities in children. Others are not intervention feasible. Objective To examine the association of four socio-e... | Background Health outcomes are a result of a multi-layered conceptual framework with proximal and distal determinants [ 1 ]. Proximal (nearer in time and place to the terminal event) determinants such as feeding practices, injury and disease especially the infectious diseases are mediated through factors prevailing wit... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529301.xml |
529315 | A Chemoattractant Role for NT-3 in Proprioceptive Axon Guidance | Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is required for proprioceptive neuron survival. Deletion of the proapoptotic gene Bax in NT-3 knockout mice rescues these neurons and allows for examination of their axon growth in the absence of NT-3 signaling. TrkC-positive peripheral and central axons from dorsal root ganglia follow proper traj... | Introduction Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is a key requirement for the development of proprioceptive inputs to motor neurons ( Chen and Frank 1999 ; Chen et al. 2003 ). Mice deficient in NT-3, its tyrosine kinase receptor, TrkC, or in TrkC-positive neuron-specific transcription factor Runx3 display severe ataxia associated wi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529315.xml |
519003 | A Molecular Model of Blood Cell Renewal | null | A developing organism captured on time-lapse video is a wonder to behold. If you're watching a chick embryo, by day 3, you'll see millions of cells engaged in a frenzy of activity, as rapidly dividing cells migrate to new positions, acquire the characteristics of specialized cells, and craft well-defined tissues, organ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC519003.xml |
551537 | Identification of ciliated sensory neuron-expressed genes in Caenorhabditis elegans using targeted pull-down of poly(A) tails | An mRNA-tagging method was used to selectively isolate mRNA from a small number of cells for subsequent cDNA microarray analysis. The approach was used to identify genes specifically expressed in ciliated sensory neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans . | Background Recent advances in technologies for analyzing whole-genome gene-expression patterns have provided a wealth of information on the complex transcriptional regulatory networks and changes in gene-expression patterns that are related to phenotypic changes caused by environmental stimuli or genetic alterations. C... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551537.xml |
514527 | Failed attempts at experimental transplantation and transmission of nocturnally-periodic simian Loa from monkey to man | This paper describes unsuccessful attempts to induce a nocturnally-periodic infection with simian Loa in a human volunteer (the author of this paper) by means of 1. Transplanting adult simian Loa worms from a wild drill ( Mandrillus leucophaeus ) to man; and 2. Infecting the same volunteer by sub-cutaneous inoculation ... | Findings In the mid 1950s, one of the main lines of research followed by the Helminthiasis Research Unit (HRU), at Kumba in the then British Cameroons was to establish the relationship between human infections with Loa loa and the highly similar Loa parasites which were found in several species of local monkey, especia... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514527.xml |
529467 | Dual practice in the health sector: review of the evidence | This paper reports on income generation practices among civil servants in the health sector, with a particular emphasis on dual practice. It first approaches the subject of public–private overlap. Thereafter it focuses on coping strategies in general and then on dual practice in particular. To compensate for unrealisti... | Introduction Doctors and nurses in government employment are labelled "unproductive", "poorly motivated", "inefficient", "client-unfriendly", "absent" or even "corrupt". These labels are often associated with coping strategies associated with widespread "demotivation", due partly to "unfair public salaries". These are ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529467.xml |
544847 | Directed evolution of single-chain Fv for cytoplasmic expression using the β-galactosidase complementation assay results in proteins highly susceptible to protease degradation and aggregation | Background Antibody fragments are molecules widely used for diagnosis and therapy. A large amount of protein is frequently required for such applications. New approaches using folding reporter enzymes have recently been proposed to increase soluble expression of foreign proteins in Escherichia coli . To date, these met... | Background Because of their high affinity and specificity against their antigen, antibody molecules and their fragments have many applications in research, diagnosis and therapy [ 1 ]. E. coli is a widely used organism for the production of proteins, including antibody fragments such as Fab or single chain variable dom... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544847.xml |
212319 | The Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor ARNO mediates the activation of ARF and phospholipase D by insulin | Background Phospholipase D (PLD) is involved in many signaling pathways. In most systems, the activity of PLD is primarily regulated by the members of the ADP-Ribosylation Factor (ARF) family of GTPases, but the mechanism of activation of PLD and ARF by extracellular signals has not been fully established. Here we test... | Background Small GTPases of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family play a major role in membrane trafficking in eukaryotic cells [ 1 ]. ARF activation is facilitated by specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (ARF-GEFs). Several ARF-GEFs have been identified, varying in size, structure and subcellular distributi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC212319.xml |
514533 | Health policy and systems research agendas in developing countries | Background Health policy and systems research (HPSR) is an international public good with potential to orient investments and performance at national level. Identifying research trends and priorities at international level is therefore important. This paper offers a conceptual framework and defines the HPSR portfolio a... | Background Countries and international agencies have made a qualitative leap in the funding of the global disease challenges. The Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria has received pledges totalling over US$ 2 billion. Bilateral donors are also making important funding contributions. In this context, strengthening of he... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514533.xml |
516442 | External decontamination of wild leeches with hypochloric acid | Background Medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis , has been used in plastic and reconstructive surgery, to relieve venous congestion and to improve the microrevascularization of flaps. In many countries, wild leeches are still provided from local markets and utilised with antibiotic prophylaxies. In this research, result... | Background The medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis , has been used with increasing frequency during the past few decades for salvage of venous compromised pedicled flaps, microvascular free-tissue transfers and replantations. Although the therapeutic use of leeches in medicine dates back 50 BC; for centuries they were ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516442.xml |
317275 | Contribution of Noncentrosomal Microtubules to Spindle Assembly in Drosophila Spermatocytes | Previous data suggested that anastral spindles, morphologically similar to those found in oocytes, can assemble in a centrosome-independent manner in cells that contain centrosomes. It is assumed that the microtubules that build these acentrosomal spindles originate over the chromatin. However, the actual processes of ... | Introduction Two different pathways of spindle assembly are known to operate in the animal kingdom. The first, observed in somatic as well as in male germline cells, requires the microtubule organising activity of centrosomes ( Compton 2000 ; Bornens 2002 ). The second, restricted to female germline and some embryonic ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC317275.xml |
554103 | Negative density-distribution relationship in butterflies | Background Because "laws of nature" do not exist in ecology, much of the foundations of community ecology rely on broad statistical generalisations. One of the strongest generalisations is the positive relationship between density and distribution within a given taxonomic assemblage; that is, locally abundant species a... | Background Species that are locally abundant tend to be more widespread than species that are locally rare [ 1 , 2 ]. This positive relationship between density and distribution of species has been observed in a variety of species assemblages over a spectrum of spatial scales, and it has been suggested that it may be a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554103.xml |
555547 | On evolutionary origin of cancer | Background The necessary and sufficient capabilities of cancer cell have been identified. Strikingly, this list does not include one that would seem to be a key property, namely the ability of cancer cells to kill their "host". This is believed to be a self-evident consequence of the other capabilities (e.g., metastasi... | Background We are now witnessing a post-genomic era of cancer research. Thousands of papers are devoted to discovering molecular mechanisms of this extremely complicated program, the latter term being understood as a prescribed sequence of events with an inevitable result. In almost all studies cancer is considered as ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555547.xml |
549608 | EGFR Inhibition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Resistance, Once Again, Rears Its Ugly Head | Most patients with non-small cell lung cancer who initially respond to gefitinib or erlotinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) ultimately develop resistance and disease relapse. What is the mechanism for this resistance? | Kinase Inhibition for Treatment of Cancer Uncontrolled proliferation of tumor cells is a hallmark of cancer. In many types of cancer, mutations in genes that activate cellular signal transduction pathways contribute to enhanced proliferation and survival of cancer cells. One well-characterized example is mutation in ty... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549608.xml |
548516 | Viability testing of material derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis prior to removal from a Containment Level-III Laboratory as part of a Laboratory Risk Assessment Program | Background In the field of clinical mycobacteriology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) can be a difficult organism to manipulate due to the restrictive environment of a containment level 3 (CL3) laboratory. Tests for rapid diagnostic work involving smears and molecular methods do not require CL3 practices after the org... | Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the causative organism of tuberculosis, has the distinction of repeatedly being ranked within the top five most commonly laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) [ 1 - 3 ]. In 1976, Robert Pike prepared an extensive summary based on both published reports and surveys of 3921 LA... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548516.xml |
544853 | Production of soluble mammalian proteins in Escherichia coli: identification of protein features that correlate with successful expression | Background In the search for generic expression strategies for mammalian protein families several bacterial expression vectors were examined for their ability to promote high yields of soluble protein. Proteins studied included cell surface receptors (Ephrins and Eph receptors, CD44), kinases (EGFR-cytoplasmic domain, ... | Background The production of purified proteins is important for several experimental approaches aimed to assign gene function including antibody generation for immunocytochemistry and immunoprecipitation studies [ 1 - 3 ], in vitro mapping of protein – protein, protein – DNA or protein – RNA interactions [ 4 , 5 ] and ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544853.xml |
548264 | Psychological distress among Bam earthquake survivors in Iran: a population-based study | Background An earthquake measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale struck the city of Bam in Iran on the 26th of December 2003 at 5.26 A.M. It was devastating, and left over 40,000 dead and around 30,000 injured. The profound tragedy of thousands killed has caused emotional and psychological trauma for tens of thousands of pe... | Background An earthquake measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale struck the city of Bam in Iran on the 26th of December 2003 at 5.26 A.M. It was devastating, the city was destroyed, left over 40,000 dead and around 30,000 injured, as well as destroying approximately 20,000 homes, leaving more than 45,000 people homeless [ 1... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548264.xml |
548270 | A homology model of restriction endonuclease SfiI in complex with DNA | Background Restriction enzymes (REases) are commercial reagents commonly used in recombinant DNA technologies. They are attractive models for studying protein-DNA interactions and valuable targets for protein engineering. They are, however, extremely divergent: the amino acid sequence of a typical REase usually shows n... | Background Type II restriction endonucleases (REases) comprise one of the major families of endonucleases and one of the largest groups of experimentally characterized enzymes (comprehensively reviewed in: [ 1 ]). The "orthodox" Type IIP REases are dimeric, they recognize a short (4–8 bp) palindromic sequence of double... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548270.xml |
543457 | Evaluation of the chicken transcriptome by SAGE of B cells and the DT40 cell line | Background The understanding of whole genome sequences in higher eukaryotes depends to a large degree on the reliable definition of transcription units including exon/intron structures, translated open reading frames (ORFs) and flanking untranslated regions. The best currently available chicken transcript catalog is th... | Background The definition of transcription units within a finished genome sequence in higher eukaryotes is challenging and relies on genome mapping of cDNAs and ESTs backed up by theoretical gene finder algorithms. An increasing number of gene sequences from model organisms have made the prediction of well conserved OR... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543457.xml |
534807 | Allergic conditions and risk of hematological malignancies in adults: a cohort study | Background Two contradictory hypotheses have been proposed to explain the relationship between allergic conditions and malignancies, the immune surveillance hypothesis and the antigenic stimulation hypothesis. The former advocates that allergic conditions may be protective against development of cancer, whereas the lat... | Background An association between allergic conditions and cancer risk has been the subject of several epidemiological studies. Both positive and negative associations have been observed and two hypotheses have been formulated to explain such relationships. First, the immune surveillance hypothesis, which proposes that ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534807.xml |
479046 | Patterning the Face | null | Vertebrates come in a dazzling array of shapes and sizes, from blue whales to pygmy bats, their overt morphology determined largely by the skeleton. The head skeleton in particular has undergone remarkable diversification, as is beautifully illustrated in Darwin's examination of beak morphology in Galapagos finches. It... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC479046.xml |
534813 | Aerial Surveys Give New Estimates for Orangutans in Sabah, Malaysia | Great apes are threatened with extinction, but precise information about the distribution and size of most populations is currently lacking. We conducted orangutan nest counts in the Malaysian state of Sabah (North Borneo), using a combination of ground and helicopter surveys, and provided a way to estimate the current... | Introduction The two orangutan species, Pongo abelii in Sumatra and Pongo pygmaeus in Borneo, are threatened with extinction in the near future [ 1 , 2 ]. A prerequisite for conserving great apes in their natural habitat is good knowledge of population distribution, density, and size. However, precise information is st... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534813.xml |
434152 | Harnessing DNA-Based Technology for Drug Discovery | null | Traditionally, developing small molecules for research or drug treatments has been a painstaking enterprise. Drugs work largely by binding to a target protein and modifying or inhibiting its activity, but discovering the rare compound that hits a particular protein is like, well, finding a needle in a haystack. With a ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC434152.xml |
517953 | Characterization of the microheterogeneity of transthyretin in plasma and urine using SELDI-TOF-MS immunoassay | Background It has been shown that transthyretin (TTR) exists in different molecular variants. Besides point mutations associated with different diseases such as amyloidosis, other posttranslational modifications occur that might be of diagnostic interest. Results TTR levels as determined by ELISA in plasma and urine of... | Background Transthyretin (TTR, formerly called prealbumin) belongs to a group of proteins including thyroxine-binding globulin and albumin which bind and transport thyroid hormones in the blood. It is a single polypeptide chain of 127 amino acids (14 kDa) and is present in the plasma as a tetramer of non-covalently bou... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517953.xml |
515177 | A 4q35.2 subtelomeric deletion identified in a screen of patients with co-morbid psychiatric illness and mental retardation | Background Cryptic structural abnormalities within the subtelomeric regions of chromosomes have been the focus of much recent research because of their discovery in a percentage of people with mental retardation (UK terminology: learning disability). These studies focused on subjects (largely children) with various sev... | Background The isolation of unique DNA probes from the sub-telomeric regions of all chromosomes has opened up a field of cytogenetics research that was previously inaccessible to conventional karyotyping protocols [ 1 ]. Since then a number of studies have shown that cryptic structural abnormalities (deletions, duplica... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515177.xml |
555553 | JTE-522, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, inhibits growth of pulmonary metastases of colorectal cancer in rats | Background Epidemiological studies have shown that individuals who regularly consume NSAIDs have lower rates of mortality associated with colorectal cancer. Because COX-2 inhibitors prevent tumor growth through some mechanisms, we assessed the effect of JTE-522, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, on pulmonary metastases of c... | Background Colorectal cancer is a widespread fatal malignancy in the West [ 1 ] and its incidence in Japan is increasing [ 2 ]. Epidemiological studies have shown that regular doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with lower rates of colorectal polyps, colorectal cancer, and colorectal c... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555553.xml |
350664 | Sequence-Specific Inhibition of Small RNA Function | Hundreds of microRNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been identified from both plants and animals, yet little is known about their biochemical modes of action or biological functions. Here we report that 2′ -O- methyl oligonucleotides can act as irreversible, stoichiometric inhibitors of s... | Introduction The endoribonuclease Dicer produces two types of small regulatory RNAs that regulate gene expression: small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) ( Bernstein et al. 2001 ; Grishok et al. 2001 ; Hutvágner et al. 2001 ; Ketting et al. 2001 ; Knight and Bass 2001 ). In animals, siRNAs direct target... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC350664.xml |
549191 | Transient expression analysis of allelic variants of a VNTR in the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) | Background The 10-repeat allele of a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region of the dopamine transporter gene ( DAT1 ) has been associated with a range of psychiatric phenotypes, most notably attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The mechanism for this association is not yet ... | Background The dopamine transporter (DAT) mediates uptake of dopamine into presynaptic neurons, and is a major target for various pharmacologically active stimulants such as cocaine. Genetic association studies provide considerable evidence that a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549191.xml |
517947 | Fusion of green fluorescent protein to the C-terminus of granulysin alters its intracellular localization in comparison to the native molecule | The engineering of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion constructs in order to visibly tag a protein of interest has become a commonly used cell biology technique. Although caveats to this approach are obvious, literature reports in which the chimeric molecule behaves differently than the native molecule are scant. T... | Background The intrinsically fluorescent protein from the jellyfish Aequoria victoria , termed green fluorescent protein (GFP), can be used to visualize dynamic processes in live cells in real time [ 1 ]. A fusion between a molecule of interest and GFP is supposed to localize fluorescence to the normal intracellular lo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517947.xml |
539304 | Validity of self reported male balding patterns in epidemiological studies | Background Several studies have investigated the association between male pattern baldness and disease such as prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease. Limitations in the lack of standardized instruments to measure male pattern baldness have resulted in researchers measuring balding patterns in a variety of ways. Th... | Background Male pattern baldness is the most common form of baldness observed in human beings[ 1 ]. The two main types of balding are: frontal balding in which the hair recedes bilaterally from the forehead region backwards; and vertex balding in which a bald spot appears on the top back of the head. Total balding may ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539304.xml |
539338 | Genome Sequencing: Using Models to Predict Who's Next | null | It's hard to believe it was just ten years ago that scientists reported the first complete genome sequence of an organism, the bacterial pathogen Haemophilus influenzae . The list has grown considerably since then: add over 160 bacterial species (and counting), most major model organisms, and an ever-growing list of ma... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539338.xml |
543443 | The use of bootstrap methods for analysing health-related quality of life outcomes (particularly the SF-36) | Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) measures are becoming increasingly used in clinical trials as primary outcome measures. Investigators are now asking statisticians for advice on how to analyse studies that have used HRQoL outcomes. HRQoL outcomes, like the SF-36, are usually measured on an ordinal scale. However,... | 1. Introduction Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) measures are now frequently used in clinical trials and health services research, both as primary and secondary endpoints [ 1 ]. Investigators are now asking statisticians for advice on how to plan and analyse studies that have used HRQoL measures. HRQoL measures s... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543443.xml |
548502 | Phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity in a genome-wide linkage study of asthma families | Background Asthma is a complex genetic disease with more than 20 genome-wide scans conducted so far. Regions on almost every chromosome have been linked to asthma and several genes have been associated. However, most of these associations are weak and are still awaiting replication. Methods In this study, we conducted ... | Background Many chromosomal regions have been shown to be linked or associated to asthma and asthma-associated traits in humans [ 1 ]. More recently, asthma genes have been identified on chromosomes 2 [ 2 ], 13 [ 3 ], 14 [ 4 ], and 20 [ 5 ]. The investigation of the genetic aetiology aims at the improvement of preventi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548502.xml |
545998 | EvDTree: structure-dependent substitution profiles based on decision tree classification of 3D environments | Background Structure-dependent substitution matrices increase the accuracy of sequence alignments when the 3D structure of one sequence is known, and are successful e.g. in fold recognition. We propose a new automated method, EvDTree, based on a decision tree algorithm, for automatic derivation of amino acid substituti... | Background With the sequencing of entire genomes and the exponential growth of sequence databases on the one hand, and the significant number of known folds compared to the putative number of possible folds in the fold space on the other hand, sequence-structure comparison is currently one main challenge of the post-ge... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545998.xml |
524355 | Metabolic aspects of low carbohydrate diets and exercise | Following a low carbohydrate diet, there is a shift towards more fat and less carbohydrate oxidation to provide energy to skeletal muscle, both at rest and during exercise. This review summarizes recent work on human skeletal muscle carbohydrate and fat metabolic adaptations to a low carbohydrate diet, focusing mainly ... | Review Exercise, an acute bout of muscular activity, requires an expenditure of energy above resting levels. This required mechanical energy is provided through the conversion of metabolic fuels into ATP, the base currency of chemical energy. Once produced, ATP is the only direct form of energy that is transferred and ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524355.xml |
538754 | Gait unsteadiness and fall risk in two affective disorders: a preliminary study | Background In older adults, depression has been associated with increased fall risk, but the reasons for this link are not fully clear. Given parallels between major depression and Parkinson's disease, we hypothesized that major depression and related affective disorders would be associated with impairment in the abili... | Background In older adults, depression has been associated with increased fall risk [ 1 , 2 ]. Epidemiological studies indicate that older adults who are more depressed have an increased risk of falls and fractures compared to their aged-matched peers and that this association persists even after adjusting for potentia... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538754.xml |
555586 | Retrovirology highlights a quarter century of HTLV-I research | In 1977, Takatsuki and co-workers described in Japan a human malignant disease termed adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Three years later, in 1980, Gallo and colleagues reported the identification of the first human retrovirus, human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), in a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. This mo... | Retrovirology as a medical study first emerged in the early 1900s. In 1908, Ellermann and Bang reported on the transmissibility of avian leucosis by cell-free filtrates, suggesting the involvement of a virus [ 1 ]. Shortly afterward, in 1910, Rous demonstrated that chicken sarcomas were infectious and when inoculated i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555586.xml |
526218 | Probiotic prophylaxis in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis (PROPATRIA): design and rationale of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised multicenter trial [ISRCTN38327949] | Background Infectious complications are the major cause of death in acute pancreatitis. Small bowel bacterial overgrowth and subsequent bacterial translocation are held responsible for the vast majority of these infections. Goal of this study is to determine whether selected probiotics are capable of preventing infecti... | Background Infection of pancreatic necrosis is the major cause of death in acute pancreatitis [ 1 - 4 ] Small bowel bacterial overgrowth and subsequent bacterial translocation are held responsible for the majority of these infections [ 5 - 9 ] Antibiotic prophylaxis has been studied in several trials [ 10 - 13 ]. Recen... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526218.xml |
524369 | Impact of seasonal variation, age and smoking status on human semen parameters: The Massachusetts General Hospital experience | Background To investigate the relationship of human semen parameters with season, age and smoking status. Methods The present study used data from subjects recruited into an ongoing cross-sectional study on the relationship between environmental agents and semen characteristics. Our population consisted of 306 patients... | Background Male factor infertility has been identified as the main or secondary cause in >40% of infertile couples. The number of office visits each year for infertility in the United States has risen from 600,000 in 1968 to 2 million by the 1990's. Semen analysis is a central component in male infertility evaluation [... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524369.xml |
479044 | The Molecular Biology of Wound Healing | null | Anyone who's endured their share of childhood scrapes has probably heard some version of the motherly admonishment, “Don't pick that scab, you'll just make it worse!” It turns out, Mom was on to something. Tissue damage in humans triggers a well-characterized response marked by rapid blood clotting and a recruitment of... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC479044.xml |
555592 | Health care reform and job satisfaction of primary health care physicians in Lithuania | Background The aim of this research paper is to study job satisfaction of physicians and general practitioners at primary health care institutions during the health care reform in Lithuania. Methods Self-administrated anonymous questionnaires were distributed to all physicians and general practitioners (N = 243, respon... | Background In 1989, after regaining its independence, Lithuania inherited an extremely centralised health care system that mainly conditioned ineffective health care management and resource usage. The above situation was an outcome of the former Soviet health care policy, as it did not encourage people or the state to ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555592.xml |
555590 | Computational verification of protein-protein interactions by orthologous co-expression | Background High-throughput methods identify an overwhelming number of protein-protein interactions. However, the limited accuracy of these methods results in the false identification of many spurious interactions. Accordingly, the resulting interactions are regarded as hypothetical and computational methods are needed ... | Background Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have a central role in most biological processes, and identifying these interactions is an important goal of biological research. PPIs are the subject of extensive experimental studies, but the majority of them remain unknown. In the last few years, high-throughput techniq... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555590.xml |
517951 | Ambiguous allele combinations in HLA Class I and Class II sequence-based typing: when precise nucleotide sequencing leads to imprecise allele identification | Sequence-based typing (SBT) is one of the most comprehensive methods utilized for HLA typing. However, one of the inherent problems with this typing method is the interpretation of ambiguous allele combinations which occur when two or more different allele combinations produce identical sequences. The purpose of this s... | Introduction The precise identification of HLA Class I and Class II alleles is critical for successful hematopoietic progenitor transplants, the development of peptide based viral and cancer vaccines, and investigating immune response [ 1 , 2 ]. DNA sequencing is one of the most comprehensive methods available for HLA ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517951.xml |
545783 | Sparse graphical Gaussian modeling of the isoprenoid gene network in Arabidopsis thaliana | A novel approach for modeling gene-regulatory networks, based on graphical Gaussian modeling, is used to create a network for the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis . | Background The analysis of genetic regulatory networks has received a major impetus from the huge amounts of data made available by high-throughput technologies such as DNA microarrays. The genome-wide, massively parallel monitoring of gene activity will increase the understanding of the molecular basis of disease and ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545783.xml |
545959 | Microsatellite instability as prognostic marker in bladder tumors: a clinical significance | Background Carcinoma of urinary bladder is one of the leading causes of death in India. Successful treatment of bladder cancer depends on the early detection & specific diagnostic approaches. In the present study, microsatellite instability (MSI) has been evaluated as a prognostic marker in patients with superficial ur... | Background Amongst the genitourinary cancer, carcinoma of the urinary bladder is one of the leading causes of death in Indian population. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the commonest histopathological variant where stage and grade are the two important prognostic factors to know the clinical behavior of these tum... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545959.xml |
555584 | Maternal plasma viral load and neutralizing/enhancing antibodies in vertical transmission of HIV: A non-randomized prospective study | Background We examined the association and interaction between maternal viral load and antibodies in vertical transmission of HIV in a non-randomized prospective study of 43 HIV-1 infected pregnant women who attended the San Juan City Hospital, Puerto Rico, and their 45 newborn infants. The women and infants received a... | Background The rate of HIV-1 infection has been increasing rapidly among women of childbearing age. At the end of 2003 women accounted for 50% of adults living with HIV/AIDS worldwide [ 1 ]. Consequently, the number of pediatric AIDS cases due primarily to perinatal (peripartum or intrapartum) transmission is rapidly i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555584.xml |
524357 | Extreme conservation of noncoding DNA near HoxD complex of vertebrates | Background Homeotic gene complexes determine the anterior-posterior body axis in animals. The expression pattern and function of hox genes along this axis is colinear with the order in which they are organized in the complex. This 'chromosomal organization and functional correspondence' is conserved in all bilaterians ... | Background Eukaryotic genome contains a large excess of non-coding sequences. Conservation of these sequences among species is a strong indication of their functional significance. With the availability of genome sequences it is possible to identify such sequences taking a comparative genomics approach [ 1 - 4 ]. The c... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524357.xml |
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