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516447 | Construction of a questionnaire measuring outpatients' opinion of quality of hospital consultation departments | Background Few questionnaires on outpatients' satisfaction with hospital exist. All have been constructed without giving enough room for the patient's point of view in the validation procedure. The main objective was to develop, according to psychometric standards, a self-administered generic outpatient questionnaire e... | Background Medical care aims not only to improve health status but also to respond to patient needs and wishes and to ensure their satisfaction with care [ 1 ]. Likewise, conducting surveys to measure satisfaction with psychometrically validated questionnaires entails assessment of the quality of care organization and ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516447.xml |
555595 | Cross-cultural adaptation of the VISA-A questionnaire, an index of clinical severity for patients with Achilles tendinopathy, with reliability, validity and structure evaluations | Background Achilles tendinopathy is considered to be one of the most common overuse injuries in elite and recreational athletes and the recommended treatment varies. One factor that has been stressed in the literature is the lack of standardized outcome measures that can be used in all countries. One such standardized ... | Background Achilles tendinopathy is a common overuse injury, especially among athletes involved in activities that include running and jumping [ 1 - 4 ]. Several studies report the incidence of Achilles tendon disorders in runners to be 6–18% of all injuries [ 3 , 5 , 6 ]. Most commonly afflicted are middle-aged men, b... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555595.xml |
539339 | Computation Provides a Virtual Recording of Auditory Signaling | null | A small rodent rustles through a field in the still night, making just enough noise to betray its location to a circling barn owl. A female frog sits on the bank of a pond amid a cacophony of courting bullfrogs, immune to the mating calls of all but her own species. Thanks to a sophisticated sensory processing system, ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539339.xml |
549194 | Narrative Exposure Therapy as a treatment for child war survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder: Two case reports and a pilot study in an African refugee settlement | Background Little data exists on the effectiveness of psychological interventions for children with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that has resulted from exposure to war or conflict-related violence, especially in non-industrialized countries. We created and evaluated the efficacy of KIDNET, a child-friendly vers... | Background In the wars and armed conflicts of the past decades, children have been among the survivors who have been exposed to war or conflict-related violence. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) recently stated that 43% of its population of concern are children under the age of 18 [ 1 ]. Mental... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549194.xml |
545962 | Patient satisfaction with out-of-hours primary care in the Netherlands | Background In recent years out-of-hours primary care in the Netherlands has changed from practice-based to large-scale cooperatives. The purpose of this study is to determine patient satisfaction with current out-of-hours care organised in general practitioner (GP) cooperatives, and gain insight in factors associated w... | Background In recent years, out-of-hours primary care in the Netherlands has been substantially reorganised. Formerly, general practitioners (GPs) used to perform these services in small locum groups (6 to 8 GPs) in which they joined a rota system. Nowadays, out-of-hours care is organised in large-scaled GP cooperative... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545962.xml |
526221 | Incidence of "quasi-ditags" in catalogs generated by Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) | Background Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) is a functional genomic technique that quantitatively analyzes the cellular transcriptome. The analysis of SAGE libraries relies on the identification of ditags from sequencing files; however, the software used to examine SAGE libraries cannot distinguish between aut... | Background Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) is a rapid method to study mRNA transcripts in cell populations [ 1 ]. Two major principles underline SAGE: (1) short expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) are sufficient to identify individual gene products, and (2) multiple tags can be concatenated and identified by sequ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526221.xml |
479043 | Ancient Adaptive Evolution of the Primate Antiviral DNA-Editing Enzyme APOBEC3G | Host genomes have adopted several strategies to curb the proliferation of transposable elements and viruses. A recently discovered novel primate defense against retroviral infection involves a single-stranded DNA-editing enzyme, APOBEC3G, that causes hypermutation of HIV. The HIV-encoded virion infectivity factor (Vif)... | Introduction Mobile genetic elements have been in conflict with host genomes for over a billion years. Our own genomes reveal the remarkable effects of retrotransposition, as about 45% of our genomic DNA results directly from this process ( Lander et al. 2001 ). This perennial state of conflict has led eukaryotes to ad... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC479043.xml |
554112 | Analysis of the human Alu Ye lineage | Background Alu elements are short (~300 bp) interspersed elements that amplify in primate genomes through a process termed retroposition. The expansion of these elements has had a significant impact on the structure and function of primate genomes. Approximately 10 % of the mass of the human genome is comprised of Alu ... | Background The proliferation of Alu elements has had a significant impact on the architecture of primate genomes [ 1 ]. They comprise over 10% of the human genome by mass and are the most abundant short interspersed element (SINE) in primate genomes [ 2 ]. Alu elements have achieved this copy number by duplicating via ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554112.xml |
539301 | Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a decision aid for the management of pain in labour and childbirth [ISRCTN52287533] | Background Women report fear of pain in childbirth and often lack complete information on analgesic options prior to labour. Preferences for pain relief should be discussed before labour begins. A woman's antepartum decision to use pain relief is likely influenced by her cultural background, friends, family, the media,... | Background Patient participation in clinical decision making Making evidence-based decisions in clinical practice is not always straightforward: patients and their healthcare providers may need to weigh up the evidence between several comparable options, the evidence for some treatments may be inconclusive, and the inf... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539301.xml |
545779 | Phylogenomic evidence supports past endosymbiosis, intracellular and horizontal gene transfer in Cryptosporidium parvum | An analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum genes of likely endosymbiont or prokaryotic origin supports the hypothesis that C. arvum evolved from a plastid-containing lineage. | Background Cryptosporidium is a member of the Apicomplexa, a eukaryotic phylum that includes several important parasitic pathogens such as Plasmodium , Toxoplasma , Eimeria and Theileria . As an emerging pathogen in humans and other animals, Cryptosporidium often causes fever, diarrhea, anorexia and other complications... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545779.xml |
526219 | A comprehensive comparison of comparative RNA structure prediction approaches | Background An increasing number of researchers have released novel RNA structure analysis and prediction algorithms for comparative approaches to structure prediction. Yet, independent benchmarking of these algorithms is rarely performed as is now common practice for protein-folding, gene-finding and multiple-sequence-... | Background Motivation RNA, once considered a passive carrier of genetic information, is now known to play a more active role in nature. Many recently discovered RNAs are catalytic, for example RNase P which is involved in tRNA maturation and the self-splicing introns involved in mRNA maturation [ 1 ]. In addition, ther... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526219.xml |
517946 | A novel method of cultivating cardiac myocytes in agarose microchamber chips for studying cell synchronization | We have developed a new method that enables agar microstructures to be used to cultivate cardiac myocyte cells in a manner that allows their connection patterns to be controlled. Non-contact three-dimensional photo-thermal etching with a 1064-nm infrared focused laser beam was used to form the shapes of agar microstruc... | Finding Single-cell based analysis methods have become more and more important for understanding the cell-group effects such as how information is controlled and recorded in a cell group or a network shape. Early tissue culture studies of cardiac myocyte cells demonstrated that a single beating cell can influence the r... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517946.xml |
538755 | Leniency and halo effects in marking undergraduate short research projects | Background Supervisors are often involved in the assessment of projects they have supervised themselves. Previous research suggests that detailed marking sheets may alleviate leniency and halo effects. We set out to determine if, despite using such a marking schedule, leniency and halo effects were evident in the super... | Background There is compelling evidence from the literature that supervisors may be unreliable when asked to assess the performance of their own students. Effects such as the so-called 'halo' effect [ 1 ] in which a good or bad performance in one area affects the assessor's judgement in other areas and 'leniency'[ 2 ] ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538755.xml |
555585 | Arginase attenuates inhibitory nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerve-induced nitric oxide generation and airway smooth muscle relaxation | Background Recent evidence suggests that endogenous arginase activity potentiates airway responsiveness to methacholine by attenuation of agonist-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, presumably by competition with epithelial constitutive NO synthase for the common substrate, L-arginine. Using guinea pig tracheal open-... | Background The inhibitory nonadrenergic noncholinergic (iNANC) nervous system is the most effective bronchodilating neural pathway of the airways. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) markedly reduces the iNANC relaxation of both guinea pigs [ 1 - 3 ] and human airways [ 4 , 5 ], indicating that nitric oxide (NO) ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555585.xml |
539305 | Identification of proteins in laser-microdissected small cell numbers by SELDI-TOF and Tandem MS | Background Laser microdissection allows precise isolation of specific cell types and compartments from complex tissues. To analyse proteins from small cell numbers, we combine laser-microdissection and manipulation (LMM) with mass spectrometry techniques. Results Hemalaun stained mouse lung sections were used to isolat... | Background Investigation of cell-type specific gene expression and regulation in complex tissues is hampered by the lack of accuracy of cell isolation and sensitivity of post-isolation analysis. Laser-microdissection techniques have proven to be a reliable tool for selectively harvesting cell clusters or single cell pr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539305.xml |
545796 | GOToolBox: functional analysis of gene datasets based on Gene Ontology | Tools are presented to identify Gene Ontology terms that are over- or under-represented in a dataset, to cluster genes by function and to find genes with similar annotations. | Rationale Since complete genome sequences have become available, the amount of annotated genes has increased dramatically. These advances have allowed the systematic comparison of the gene content of different organisms, leading to the conclusion that organisms share the majority of their genes with only relatively few... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545796.xml |
434153 | Immunity Promotes Virulence Evolution in a Malaria Model | Evolutionary models predict that host immunity will shape the evolution of parasite virulence. While some assumptions of these models have been tested, the actual evolutionary outcome of immune selection on virulence has not. Using the mouse malaria model, Plasmodium chabaudi, we experimentally tested whether immune pr... | Introduction Genetic variation in pathogen virulence (harm to the host) has been found whenever it has been looked for. A considerable body of theory, based on the transmission consequences of virulence, has been developed to predict how natural selection will act on this genetic variation and how it will shape virulen... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC434153.xml |
549190 | A novel pancoronavirus RT-PCR assay: frequent detection of human coronavirus NL63 in children hospitalized with respiratory tract infections in Belgium | Background Four human coronaviruses are currently known to infect the respiratory tract: human coronaviruses OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and 229E (HCoV-229E), SARS associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the recently identified human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63). In this study we explored the incidence of HCoV-NL63 infection in chi... | Background Coronaviruses are large, enveloped, positive stranded RNA-viruses [ 1 ]. The viral RNA genome is 27–32 kb in size, capped, polyadenylated and encapsidated in a helical nucleocapsid. The envelope is studded with long, petal-shaped spikes, giving the virus particle a characteristic crown-like appearance. Three... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549190.xml |
524368 | Identification of endogenous retroviral reading frames in the human genome | Background Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) comprise a large class of repetitive retroelements. Most HERVs are ancient and invaded our genome at least 25 million years ago, except for the evolutionary young HERV-K group. The far majority of the encoded genes are degenerate due to mutational decay and only a few no... | Background It has become evident that the human genome harbors a fairly small number of genes, and exons account for little over 1% of our DNA. This stands in stark contrast to various types of repetitive DNA, and it has been estimated that transposable elements alone take up almost half of our genome [ 1 ]. Among such... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524368.xml |
545782 | Genome-wide patterns of carbon and nitrogen regulation of gene expression validate the combined carbon and nitrogen (CN)-signaling hypothesis in plants | Microarray analysis and the 'InterAct class' method were used to study interactions between carbon and nitrogen signaling in Arabidopsis . | Background Carbon and nitrogen are two major macronutrients required for plant growth and development. Specific carbon and nitrogen metabolites act as signals to regulate the transcription of genes encoding enzymes involved in many essential processes, including photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545782.xml |
548503 | Human resources: the Cinderella of health sector reform in Latin America | Human resources are the most important assets of any health system, and health workforce problems have for decades limited the efficiency and quality of Latin America health systems. World Bank-led reforms aimed at increasing equity, efficiency, quality of care and user satisfaction did not attempt to resolve the human... | Introduction Health reforms that aim at increasing efficiency, quality and users' satisfaction need to take into consideration human resource issues, because the health sector is labor-intensive and the performance of health systems depends on qualified and motivated workers [ 1 - 4 ]. At the same time, the support of ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548503.xml |
509239 | A multilocus likelihood approach to joint modeling of linkage, parental diplotype and gene order in a full-sib family | Background Unlike a pedigree initiated with two inbred lines, a full-sib family derived from two outbred parents frequently has many different segregation types of markers whose linkage phases are not known prior to linkage analysis. Results We formulate a general model of simultaneously estimating linkage, parental di... | Background The construction of genetic linkage maps based on molecular markers has become a routine tool for comparative studies of genome structure and organization and the identification of loci affecting complex traits in different organisms [ 1 ]. Statistical methods for linkage analysis and map construction have b... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509239.xml |
555552 | Elevated creatine kinase activity in primary hepatocellular carcinoma | Background Inconsistent findings have been reported on the occurrence and relevance of creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes in mammalian liver cells. Part of this confusion might be due to induction of CK expression during metabolic and energetic stress. Methods The specific activities and isoenzyme patterns of CK and adeny... | Background Creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes catalyse the reversible transfer of the phosphate group of phosphocreatine (PCr) to ADP, to yield ATP and creatine (Cr). The CK/PCr/Cr system is present primarily in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands such as brain, heart and skeletal muscle, and serves as a temp... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555552.xml |
517952 | A rational treatment of Mendelian genetics | Background The key to a rational treatment of elementary Mendelian genetics, specifically to an understanding of the origin of dominant and recessive traits, lies in the facts that: (1) alleles of genes encode polypeptides; (2) most polypeptides are catalysts, i.e. enzymes or translocators; (3) the molecular components... | 1. Background The currently favoured explanation for the origin of Mendel's dominant and recessive traits is untenable [ 1 ]. The primary error in this current attempted explanation is the assumption that there is a direct, proportional, relationship in a diploid cell between a series of allegedly dominant and recessiv... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517952.xml |
534812 | An Evolutionary View of Tiger Conservation | null | Tyger! Tyger! burning bright In the forests of the night What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry? When William Blake wrote these words in the late 1700s, the deforestation and habitat destruction that would decimate wild tiger populations had already begun. In 1900, an estimated 100,000 wild tigers l... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534812.xml |
555591 | Phylogenomic approaches to common problems encountered in the analysis of low copy repeats: The sulfotransferase 1A gene family example | Background Blocks of duplicated genomic DNA sequence longer than 1000 base pairs are known as low copy repeats (LCRs). Identified by their sequence similarity, LCRs are abundant in the human genome, and are interesting because they may represent recent adaptive events, or potential future adaptive opportunities within ... | Background Experimental and computational results estimate that 5–10% of the human genome has recently duplicated [ 1 - 4 ]. These estimates represent the total proportion of low-copy repeats (LCRs), which are defined as homologous blocks of sequence from two distinct genomic locations (non-allelic) >1000 base pairs in... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555591.xml |
534806 | Discovery of mammalian genes that participate in virus infection | Background Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that rely upon the host cell for different steps in their life cycles. The characterization of cellular genes required for virus infection and/or cell killing will be essential for understanding viral life cycles, and may provide cellular targets for new antiviral... | Background Cellular genes are likely to participate in all phases of viral life cycles including attachment to cellular receptors, internalization, disassembly, translation of mRNA, assembly and egress from the cells [ 1 ]. The susceptibility to virus infection varies greatly among different cell types, and virus-resis... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534806.xml |
524354 | Comparisons of the M1 genome segments and encoded μ2 proteins of different reovirus isolates | Background The reovirus M1 genome segment encodes the μ2 protein, a structurally minor component of the viral core, which has been identified as a transcriptase cofactor, nucleoside and RNA triphosphatase, and microtubule-binding protein. The μ2 protein is the most poorly understood of the reovirus structural proteins.... | Background RNA viruses represent the most significant and diverse group of infectious agents for eukaryotic organisms on earth [ 1 , 2 ]. Virtually every RNA virus, except retroviruses, must use an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to copy its RNA genome into progeny RNA, an essential step in viral replication and as... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524354.xml |
548271 | The role of 'confounding by indication' in assessing the effect of quality of care on disease outcomes in general practice: results of a case-control study | Background In quality of care research, limited information is found on the relationship between quality of care and disease outcomes. This case-control study was conducted with the aim to assess the effect of guideline adherence for stroke prevention on the occurrence of stroke in general practice. We report on the pr... | Background There is a long tradition of studying at population level the quality of medical care provided to patients who died from conditions amenable to medical intervention. This type of study (so called 'in-depth' or 'audit' study), aims to identify deficiencies in medical care that may have contributed to death. I... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548271.xml |
548265 | Tissue eosinophilia: a morphologic marker for assessing stromal invasion in laryngeal squamous neoplasms | Background The assessment of tumor invasion of underlying benign stroma in neoplastic squamous proliferation of the larynx may pose a diagnostic challenge, particularly in small biopsy specimens that are frequently tangentially sectioned. We studied whether thresholds of an eosinophilic response to laryngeal squamous n... | Background Invasive squamous cell carcinoma(SC) is the most common malignancy of the larynx[ 1 ]. Distinguishing between preinvasive squamous neoplasia (high grade squamous cell dysplaisa/ squamous cell carcinoma in-situ, SCIS) and SC may be difficult in small biopsy specimens, particularly when the tissue is superfici... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548265.xml |
555546 | Carotid intimal-media thickness as a surrogate for cardiovascular disease events in trials of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors | Background Surrogate measures for cardiovascular disease events have the potential to increase greatly the efficiency of clinical trials. A leading candidate for such a surrogate is the progression of intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery; much experience has been gained with this endpoint in trials of HMG... | Atherosclerosis is a generalized disease that causes lesions in large- and medium-sized elastic and muscular arteries. As lesions progress, arterial walls are remodeled, a process through which the size of the arterial lumen is preserved. Because of this, the disease is clinically asymptomatic during its earlier stages... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555546.xml |
554102 | Access to communication technologies in a sample of cancer patients: an urban and rural survey | Background There is a growing awareness among providers of the symptom burden experienced by cancer patients. Systematic symptom screening is difficult. Our plan was to evaluate a technology-based symptom screening process using touch-tone telephone and Internet in our rural outreach cancer program in Indiana. Would ru... | Background In recent years awareness of the symptom burden experienced by many cancer patients has grown [ 1 , 2 ]. At some time in their illness, symptoms such as fatigue, pain, nausea, depression, and hopelessness are very likely to occur. These symptoms can be disabling and they can even limit treatment. There is a ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554102.xml |
548517 | Simultaneous development of the Pediatric GERD Caregiver Impact Questionnaire (PGCIQ) in American English and American Spanish | Background The objective of this study was to develop simultaneously a new questionnaire, the Pediatric GERD Caregiver Impact Questionnaire (PGCIQ), in American English and American Spanish in order to elucidate the impact of caring for a child with GERD. Methods Two focus group discussions were conducted in American E... | Background Gastric reflux of short duration is a normal physiological event for all infants less than six to seven weeks old. When gastric reflux occurs more frequently and past the age of seven weeks, it becomes a clinically significant problem that is diagnosed as pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Sym... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548517.xml |
514532 | Public – private 'partnerships' in health – a global call to action | The need for public-private partnerships arose against the backdrop of inadequacies on the part of the public sector to provide public good on their own, in an efficient and effective manner, owing to lack of resources and management issues. These considerations led to the evolution of a range of interface arrangements... | Public-private partnerships in health – a global call to action Public-private partnerships are being increasingly encouraged as part of the comprehensive development framework. The need to foster such arrangements is supported by a clear understanding of the public sectors inability to provide public goods entirely on... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514532.xml |
423163 | Correction: Mre11 Assembles Linear DNA Fragments into DNA Damage Signaling Complexes | null | In PLoS Biology , volume 2, issue 5: Mre11 Assembles Linear DNA Fragments into DNA Damage Signaling Complexes Vincenzo Costanzo, Tanya Paull, Max Gottesman, Jean Gautier DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020110 Because of a labeling error, the size of the DNA fragment used throughout the experiments was reported incorrectly (... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423163.xml |
554116 | A Theory of Mind investigation into the appreciation of visual jokes in schizophrenia | Background There is evidence that groups of people with schizophrenia have deficits in Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities. Previous studies have found these to be linked to psychotic symptoms (or psychotic symptom severity) particularly the presence of delusions and hallucinations. Methods A visual joke ToM paradigm was... | Background Theory of Mind and schizophrenia Theory of Mind (ToM) describes the ability to recognise that other people have minds containing beliefs and intentions and to be able to interpret these correctly. The term, first coined by Premack and Woodruff [ 1 ], is also referred to as mind-reading [ 2 ] or 'mentalising'... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554116.xml |
544846 | Core biopsy as a tool in planning the management of invasive breast cancer | Background Core biopsy is a method of choice for the triple assessment of breast disease as it can reliably distinguish between benign and malignant tumours, between in-situ and invasive cancers and can be useful to assess oestrogen receptor status. This study was carried out to assess the reliability of core biopsy in... | Background Core biopsy is rapidly replacing fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as a procedure of choice for the triple assessment of the breast problems. Where there is access to an experienced cytopathologist, the FNAC can provide a rapid and cost effective means of triage of patients who would benefit from more e... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544846.xml |
543456 | Long branch attraction, taxon sampling, and the earliest angiosperms: Amborella or monocots? | Background Numerous studies, using in aggregate some 28 genes, have achieved a consensus in recognizing three groups of plants, including Amborella , as comprising the basal-most grade of all other angiosperms. A major exception is the recent study by Goremykin et al. (2003; Mol. Biol. Evol . 20:1499–1505), whose analy... | Background A correct understanding of relationships among the "earliest" lineages of angiosperms is important if we wish to elucidate the causes and consequences of their origin, to understand patterns and tempos of character evolution in the earliest lineages, and to decipher subsequent patterns of diversification. [W... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543456.xml |
545999 | Evaluation of methods for predicting the topology of β-barrel outer membrane proteins and a consensus prediction method | Background Prediction of the transmembrane strands and topology of β-barrel outer membrane proteins is of interest in current bioinformatics research. Several methods have been applied so far for this task, utilizing different algorithmic techniques and a number of freely available predictors exist. The methods can be ... | Background Transmembrane proteins are divided to date into two structural classes, the α-helical membrane proteins and the β-barrel membrane proteins. Proteins of the α-helical membrane class have their membrane spanning regions formed by hydrophobic helices which consist of 15–35 residues [ 1 ]. These are the typical ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545999.xml |
516443 | Malaria and anemia prevention in pregnant women of rural Burkina Faso | Background Pregnant women are a major risk group for malaria in endemic areas. Only little information exists on the compliance of pregnant women with malaria and anaemia preventive drug regimens in the rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this study, we collected information on malaria and anaemia prevention be... | Background Each year between 75.000 and 200.000 infant deaths are attributed to malaria infection in pregnancy globally, and between 200.000 and 500.000 pregnant women develop severe anaemia as a result of malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) [ 1 ]. Pregnant compared to non-pregnant women are at an increased risk for ma... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516443.xml |
212697 | Digital Evolution | In silico experiments reveal how evolution can work--without missing links. What can biologists learn from them? | Rich Lenski decided he was onto a good thing from his very first encounter with digital evolution. It all began when he used the technology in which artificial organisms in the form of computer code evolve independently by self-replicating, mutating, and competing to re-examine an earlier study with bacteria. The origi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC212697.xml |
529466 | Rupture of totally implantable central venous access devices (Intraports) in patients with cancer: report of four cases | Background Totally implantable central venous access devices (intraports) are commonly used in cancer patients to administer chemotherapy or parenteral nutrition. Rupture of intraport is a rare complication. Patients and methods During 3 years period, a total of 245 intraports were placed in cancer patients for chemoth... | Background Totally implantable central venous access devices (intraports) are commonly used in patients with cancer to administer chemotherapy, blood and blood products, antibiotics, parenteral nutrition and to obtain blood samples for laboratory analysis. The catheter is usually placed in the subclavian vein under loc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529466.xml |
529300 | The development of a strategy for tackling health inequalities in the Netherlands | Over the past decade, the Dutch government has pursued a research-based approach to tackle socioeconomic inequalities in health. We report on the most recent phase in this approach: the development of a strategy to reduce health inequalities in the Netherlands by an independent committee. In addition, we will reflect o... | Introduction Before 1980, socioeconomic inequalities in health were a non-issue in public health (research) in the Netherlands. This changed in the early 1980's as a result of the publication of the Black Report in England [ 1 ], and a report on inequalities in health between neighborhoods in the city of Amsterdam [ 2 ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529300.xml |
544852 | The value of the qualitative method for adaptation of a disease-specific quality of life assessment instrument: the case of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life Scale (RAQoL) in Estonia | Background Due to differences in current socio-economical situation and historically shaped values, different societies have their own concepts of high-quality life. This diversity of concepts interferes with quality of life (Qol) research in health sciences. Before deciding to apply a Qol assessment tool designed in a... | Background With this article we are introducing our experience of how qualitative research can be utilized in the process of adapting of a quality of life (Qol) assessment instrument. We will argue the unique benefits of the qualitative method for assuring the validity of an adapted measure. Qol cannot be treated as so... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544852.xml |
526755 | Review and standardization of cell phone exposure calculations using the SAM phantom and anatomically correct head models | We reviewed articles using computational RF dosimetry to compare the Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) to anatomically correct models of the human head. Published conclusions based on such comparisons have varied widely. We looked for reasons that might cause apparently similar comparisons to produce dissimilar ... | 1. Background Cell phone safety remains a topic of broad public concern that attracts frequent media attention. This attention is focused on two areas of scientific controversy concerning cell phone safety. The first area is that of non-thermal biological effects. The existence of these effects is an important open que... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526755.xml |
535701 | Short Sleep Duration Is Associated with Reduced Leptin, Elevated Ghrelin, and Increased Body Mass Index | Background Sleep duration may be an important regulator of body weight and metabolism. An association between short habitual sleep time and increased body mass index (BMI) has been reported in large population samples. The potential role of metabolic hormones in this association is unknown. Methods and Findings Study p... | Introduction In population studies, a dose-response relationship between short sleep duration and high body mass index (BMI) has been reported across all age groups [ 1 – 7 ]. In the largest studied sample, elevated BMI occurred for habitual sleep amounts below 7–8 h [ 2 ]. A U-shaped curvilinear relationship between s... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535701.xml |
515374 | Do Genes Respond to Global Warming? | null | Scientists continue to argue the extent that human activities drive global warming, but few would argue that it exists. The International Panel on Climate Change predicts that greenhouse gases will increase global temperatures by 3.6 degrees F by 2100—a rise unprecedented over the past 10,000 years. What might the worl... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515374.xml |
526769 | CLC-2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as potential modifiers of cystic fibrosis disease severity | Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease manifest by impaired chloride secretion leads to eventual respiratory failure. Candidate genes that may modify CF lung disease severity include alternative chloride channels. The objectives of this study are to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the airway ep... | Background Although greater than 1000 mutations of the CF gene product, CFTR are known, none of these can be used to make predictions about the occurrence of common complications, the severity, or course of pulmonary disease. The identification of a gene, which modifies the phenotypic expression of CF would be very imp... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526769.xml |
514718 | Atypical vessels as an early sign of intracardiac myxoma? | We report on a woman with previously unknown left atrial myxoma, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. 45 months after the initial coronary angiography, echocardiography demonstrated a large atrial myxoma, which was not seen echocardiographically before. The retrospective analysis of the pre-intervention co... | Background Primary cardiac tumors are rare disorders, with an incidence of 0.02% at autopsy. Three quarters of the primary tumors of the heart are benign, half of which are myxomas [ 1 ]. As noninvasive cardiac imaging becomes widely available, with increasing resolution provided by echocardiography, computed tomograph... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514718.xml |
548701 | The Molecular Biology Toolkit (MBT): a modular platform for developing molecular visualization applications | Background The large amount of data that are currently produced in the biological sciences can no longer be explored and visualized efficiently with traditional, specialized software. Instead, new capabilities are needed that offer flexibility, rapid application development and deployment as standalone applications or ... | Background Recent scientific and technical advances in the field of experimental biology, particularly in genomics, have produced large amounts of biological data, which has posed new conceptual challenges. The visualization and visualization-driven analysis of these experimentally derived data has become a key compone... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548701.xml |
551536 | Preferred analysis methods for Affymetrix GeneChips revealed by a wholly defined control dataset | A 'spike-in' experiment for Affymetrix GeneChips is described that provides a defined dataset of 3,860 RNA species. A 'best route' combination of analysis methods is presented which allows detection of approximately 70% of true positives before reaching a 10% false discovery rate. | Background Since their introduction in the mid 1990s [ 1 , 2 ], expression-profiling methods have become a widespread tool in numerous areas of biological and biomedical research. However, choosing a method for analyzing microarray data is a daunting task. Dozens of methods have been proposed for the analysis of both h... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551536.xml |
555750 | Strategies to prevent HIV transmission among heterosexual African-American women | Background African-American women are disproportionately affected by HIV, accounting for 60% of all cases among women in the United States. Although their race is not a precursor for HIV, the socioeconomic and cultural disparities associated with being African American may increase their risk of infection. Prior resear... | Background Despite the impressive strides that have been made by behavioral scientists in developing culturally sensitive HIV intervention programs for minority populations in the United States, HIV infection continues to be a major public health problem and is increasingly affecting minority populations, persons infec... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555750.xml |
519002 | Gene Recruitment of the Activated INO1 Locus to the Nuclear Membrane | The spatial arrangement of chromatin within the nucleus can affect reactions that occur on the DNA and is likely to be regulated. Here we show that activation of INO1 occurs at the nuclear membrane and requires the integral membrane protein Scs2. Scs2 antagonizes the action of the transcriptional repressor Opi1 under c... | Introduction For over a hundred years, it has been recognized that chromatin is distributed non-randomly within the interphase nucleus ( Rabl 1885 ; Boveri 1909 ). More recently, three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy studies have established that chromosomes are organized into distinct, evolutionarily conserved sub... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC519002.xml |
526782 | Molecules That Cause or Prevent Parkinson's Disease | An overview of the molecules and associated cell biology underlying neuron death in Parkinson's Disease | The consequence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is well described: a progressive movement disorder that, whilst responding to symptomatic therapy, chronically disables its sufferers and adds an enormous economic burden in an aging society. We have some clues to the process underlying the disease from the snapshot provided ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526782.xml |
544932 | Hominids Lose Control | null | What makes us human? From a philosophical perspective, the answer may lie in part in our apparently unique need—and self-awareness—to ask the question in the first place. From a biological perspective, the answer lies in part in the sequence of our DNA. While fossil evidence has provided a rough draft of the story of h... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544932.xml |
523836 | Generalized Seizure in a Mauritian Woman Taking Bupropion | PRESENTATION of CASE A 24-y-old woman was admitted to the emergency department having had a generalized seizure (acute loss of consciousness, convulsive movements of her arms and legs, and confusion on regaining consciousness). She was on the sixth day of treatment with 300 mg daily of slow-release bupropion (Zyban SR)... | Case Discussion Bupropion for Smoking Cessation Originally developed as an antidepressant, bupropion has more recently been licensed in many countries as an aid to smoking cessation. It came onto the Mauritian market as a smoking cessation aid in November 2003. The British National Formulary ( www.bnf.org ) recommends ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523836.xml |
555744 | Persistent demographic differences in colorectal cancer screening utilization despite Medicare reimbursement | Background Colorectal cancer screening is widely recommended, but often under-utilized. In addition, significant demographic differences in screening utilization exist. Insurance coverage may be one factor influencing utilization of colorectal cancer screening tests. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of cla... | Background Screening for colorectal cancer is now recommended by several organizations [ 1 - 5 ], and insurance coverage of screening tests is becoming more widespread. For example, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services began reimbursement for the commonly used screening tests in 1998, covering 100% of charges... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555744.xml |
544885 | Analysis of oligonucleotide array experiments with repeated measures using mixed models | Background Two or more factor mixed factorial experiments are becoming increasingly common in microarray data analysis. In this case study, the two factors are presence (Patients with Alzheimer's disease) or absence (Control) of the disease, and brain regions including olfactory bulb (OB) or cerebellum (CER). In the de... | Background Experiments in which subjects are assigned randomly to levels of a treatment factor (or treatment combinations of more than one factor) and then are measured for trends at several sampling times, spaces or regions (within-subject factors) are increasingly common in clinical and medical research. The analysis... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544885.xml |
529314 | State-Dependent Decisions Cause Apparent Violations of Rationality in Animal Choice | Normative models of choice in economics and biology usually expect preferences to be consistent across contexts, or “rational” in economic language. Following a large body of literature reporting economically irrational behaviour in humans, breaches of rationality by animals have also been recently described. If proven... | Introduction The study of animal behaviour has often incorporated concepts from economic theory. This was the case, for instance, with the introduction of game theory to the study of animal conflict ( Maynard-Smith and Price 1973 ; Maynard-Smith 1974 ). Similarly, optimal foraging theory ( Charnov 1976 ; Stephens and K... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529314.xml |
549594 | Free Community Science and the Free Development of Science | null | In free community science, where large numbers of scientists participate as volunteers in a single project, the ideal of scientific cooperation finds a new expression. Free community science was inspired by the free software movement, which itself was inspired by the application of the ideal of scientific cooperation, ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549594.xml |
545594 | Variation in alternative splicing across human tissues | Analysis of the alternative splicing patterns of genomically aligned ESTs revealed that human brain, testis and liver have unusually high levels of alternative splicing and identified candidate cis -acting factors likely to play important roles in tissue-specific alternative splicing in human cells. | Background The differentiation of a small number of cells in the developing embryo into the hundreds of cell and tissue types present in a human adult is associated with a multitude of changes in gene expression. In addition to many differences between tissues in transcriptional and translational regulation of genes, a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545594.xml |
544891 | Correlates of serum lipoprotein (A) in children and adolescents in the United States. The third National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES-III) | Objective To determine the correlates of serum lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) in children and adolescents in the United States. Methods Cross-sectional study using representative data from a US national sample for persons aged 4–19 years participating in The Third National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES-III).... | Introduction Levels of serum or plasma Lp(a) above 30 mg/dL are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease and stroke in adults of European descent [ 1 - 3 ]. Given the high degree of structural homology of one of the domains of its apolipoprotein(a) component with plasminogen, one proposed mechanism is ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544891.xml |
535926 | Discriminative topological features reveal biological network mechanisms | Background Recent genomic and bioinformatic advances have motivated the development of numerous network models intending to describe graphs of biological, technological, and sociological origin. In most cases the success of a model has been evaluated by how well it reproduces a few key features of the real-world data, ... | 1 Background The post-genomic revolution has ushered in an ensemble of novel crises and opportunities in rethinking molecular biology. The two principal directions in genomics, sequencing and transcriptome studies, have brought to light a number of new questions and forced the development of numerous computational and ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535926.xml |
524181 | ImageParser: a tool for finite element generation from three-dimensional medical images | Background The finite element method (FEM) is a powerful mathematical tool to simulate and visualize the mechanical deformation of tissues and organs during medical examinations or interventions. It is yet a challenge to build up an FEM mesh directly from a volumetric image partially because the regions (or structures)... | Background Diagnostic imaging devices such as CT, MRI and PET scanners are able to produce three-dimensional (3-D) descriptions of various features such as tissues and organs. In a computer, these images are some data to describe the intensity at each spatial point of a volume. The interpretation of the dataset require... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524181.xml |
535932 | Cost-effectiveness of an intensive group training protocol compared to physiotherapy guideline care for sub-acute and chronic low back pain: design of a randomised controlled trial with an economic evaluation. [ISRCTN45641649] | Background Low back pain is a common disorder in western industrialised countries and the type of treatments for low back pain vary considerably. Methods In a randomised controlled trial the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of an intensive group training protocol versus physiotherapy guideline care for sub-acute and... | Background Low back pain is a very common complaint with major social and economical consequences. In a recent cross-sectional study the annual prevalence of low back pain in the general Dutch population was estimated at 44% [ 1 ]. The course of low back pain is usually relatively short: about 80–90% of people with low... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535932.xml |
524036 | Lead editorial: The need for greater perspective and innovation in epidemiology | This editorial introduces the new online, open-access, peer-reviewed journal, Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations . Epidemiology (which we define broadly, to include clinical research and various approaches to studying the health of populations) is a critically important field in informing decisions about the heal... | Epidemiology is a critically important field in informing decisions about the health of individuals and populations. It is also a young field, with the potential for seeing fundamental improvements in the conduct of the science every year. But the desire for new information means that the health science literature is o... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524036.xml |
526190 | A report of dangerously high carbon monoxide levels within the passenger compartment of a snow-obstructed vehicle | Background We sought to determine how quickly carbon monoxide would accumulate in the passenger compartment of a snow-obstructed vehicle. Methods A 1992 sedan was buried in snow to the level of the undercarriage, the ignition was then engaged and carbon monoxide levels recorded at 2.5-minute intervals. The primary outc... | Background Carbon monoxide poisoning is the number one cause of toxin related death in the United States [ 1 ]. It has been estimated that this poison may be responsible for up to 1,500 accidental deaths and 10,000 medical visits annually in the United States [ 2 ]. One of the manners in which people die from carbon mo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526190.xml |
514888 | Dissecting the Transcriptional Control of Body Patterning | null | To build the complex body plan of higher organisms, thousands of genes must act in a coordinated fashion, becoming active at the right time and in the right place to define structures like head, thorax, and abdomen, or cell types like skin, muscle, and bone. One of the central questions for developmental biologists is ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514888.xml |
535891 | The establishment and characterization of the first canine hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, which resembles human oncogenic expression patterns | Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most worldwide frequent primary carcinomas resulting in the death of many cirrhotic patients. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms of this cancer are not well understood; therefore, we need a good model system to study HCC. The dog is recognized as a promising ... | Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most worldwide frequent primary tumors in man, with an estimated 564,000 new cases and almost as many deaths in 2000 [ 1 ]. It almost always develops in the setting of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, conditions in which many hepatocytes are destroyed, inflammatory... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535891.xml |
548675 | Inactive enzymatic mutant proteins (phosphoglycerate mutase and enolase) as sugar binders for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration reactors | Background Carbon dioxide fixation bioprocess in reactors necessitates recycling of D-ribulose1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) for continuous operation. A radically new close loop of RuBP regenerating reactor design has been proposed that will harbor enzyme-complexes instead of purified enzymes. These reactors will need binders... | Background One of the potential use of sugar and sugar intermediate binding proteins and binders of intermediate sugar metabolites derived from microbes is in new and expanding area of environmental biotechnology particularly in carbon dioxide fixation bioprocess reactors [ 1 , 2 ]. Accelerated consumption of fossil fu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548675.xml |
499548 | Treatment of mechanically-induced vasospasm of the carotid artery in a primate using intra-arterial verapamil: a technical case report | Background Despite improvements in the safety and efficacy of endovascular procedures, considerable morbidity may still be attributed to vasospasm. Vasospasm has proven amenable to pharmacological intervention such as nitrates, intravenous calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and intra-arterial papaverine, particularly in ... | Background Rapid advancements in endovascular technology and techniques allow for treatment of an ever-increasing range of neurovascular diseases. Despite improvements in the safety and efficacy of these procedures, complications such as vasospasm, stroke, and perforation still occur [ 1 ]. Vasospasm, or contraction of... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC499548.xml |
387277 | When Food Kills | Food-borne disease kills humans only rarely, although the ramifications and implications of these few deaths for science, regulators, and government are large | For the estimated 800 million people, living largely in developing countries, without enough food to eat, the main food risk is starvation. But if you ask, ‘When does food actually kill?’ in a country such as the United Kingdom, ‘Not that often’ is the short reply you would give after reading Hugh Pennington's book Whe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC387277.xml |
529260 | The role of hemodialysis machines dedication in reducing Hepatitis C transmission in the dialysis setting in Iran: A multicenter prospective interventional study | Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant problem among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD). We conducted a prospective multi-center study to evaluate the effect of dialysis machine separation on the spread of HCV infection. Methods Twelve randomly selected dialysis centers in Tehran, ... | Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission occurs mainly through large or repeated direct percutaneous punctures to blood vessels; for example repeated injections for drug abuse [ 1 ]. Less frequent routes are sexual transmission [ 2 ], perinatal transmission [ 3 ], acquisition from mucous membrane exposure [ 4 , ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529260.xml |
549557 | Use of dietary supplements by female seniors in a large Northern California health plan | Background Women aged ≥ 65 years are high utilizers of prescription and over-the-counter medications, and many of these women are also taking dietary supplements. Dietary supplement use by older women is a concern because of possible side effects and drug-supplement interactions. The primary aim of this study was to pr... | Background A recent national survey of medication use patterns found the highest prevalence of medication use over a one-week period was among women aged ≥ 65 years [ 1 ]. Over 80% of women in this age group had taken at least one prescription or over-the-counter medication during the week preceding the survey, and ove... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549557.xml |
549543 | Long-term survival from gastrocolic fistula secondary to adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon | Background Gastrocolic fistula is a rare presentation of both benign and malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Malignant gastrocolic fistula is most commonly associated with adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon in the Western World. Despite radical approaches to treatment, long-term survival is rarely doc... | Background Gastrocolic fistula is a rare complication of both benign and malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract [ 1 - 6 ]. In the Western World, adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon is the commonest cause of a fistulous connection between the stomach and the colon with a reported incidence of 0.3–0.4% in op... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549543.xml |
539259 | Stoicism, the physician, and care of medical outliers | Background Medical outliers present a medical, psychological, social, and economic challenge to the physicians who care for them. The determinism of Stoic thought is explored as an intellectual basis for the pursuit of a correct mental attitude that will provide aid and comfort to physicians who care for medical outlie... | Background Medical outliers are defined in health care reimbursement, especially in the prospective payment system, as those patients who require an unusually long hospital stay or whose stay generates unusually high costs, i.e., the most severely ill [ 1 ]. According to Meadow et al., racial and Hispanic minorities ar... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539259.xml |
554089 | Locally advanced duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma treated with adjuvant radiation therapy: case report and review of the literature | Background Gangliocytic paraganglioma are rare neoplasms that predominantly arise in periampulary region. Though considered benign the disease can spread to regional lymphatics. Case presentation A 49 year old woman presented with melena and was found to have a periampullary mass. Endoscopic evaluation and biopsy demon... | Background Gangliocytic paragangliomas are unusual neoplasms that may be identified anywhere within the gastrointestinal tract, but predominate in the periampullary region. This entity was first discussed by Dahl et al in 1957, and subsequently reported by Taylor and Helwig in 1962 [ 1 , 2 ]. Kepes and Zacharias named ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554089.xml |
529274 | Image fusion for dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging | Background Multivariate imaging techniques such as dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) have been shown to provide valuable information for medical diagnosis. Even though these techniques provide new information, integrating and evaluating the much wider range of information is a challenging t... | Background In recent years, multivariate imaging techniques have become an important source of information to aid diagnosis in many medical fields. One example is the dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) technique [ 1 , 2 ]. After the administration of a gadolinium-based contrast agent, a sequ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529274.xml |
526379 | A computational approach for ordering signal transduction pathway components from genomics and proteomics Data | Background Signal transduction is one of the most important biological processes by which cells convert an external signal into a response. Novel computational approaches to mapping proteins onto signaling pathways are needed to fully take advantage of the rapid accumulation of genomic and proteomics information. Howev... | Background Signal transduction is the primary means by which eukaryotic cells respond to external signals from their environment and coordinate complex cellular changes. It plays an important role in the control of most fundamental cellular processes including cell proliferation, metabolism, differentiation, and surviv... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526379.xml |
517832 | A Mechanism of Prion Propagation | null | The key to any protein's function is its structure. Proteins first emerge as a linear strip of amino acids from the cellular protein-manufacturing machinery, and it is this primary sequence that determines a protein's ultimate conformation. Improperly folded proteins—which can gum up cells and, when secreted, tissues—a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517832.xml |
529248 | Uric acid: A new look at an old risk marker for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The urate redox shuttle | Background The topical role of uric acid and its relation to cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and hypertension is rapidly evolving. Its important role both historically and currently in the clinical clustering phenomenon of the metabolic syndrome (MS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atheroscleropathy, and non-d... | Background While the topicality of serum uric acid (SUA) being a risk factor is currently controversial [ 1 , 2 ], there is little controversy regarding its association as a risk marker associated with cardiovascular (CVD) and renal disease (especially in patients with hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure). SUA se... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529248.xml |
521172 | Protein Thiol Modifications Visualized In Vivo | Thiol-disulfide interconversions play a crucial role in the chemistry of biological systems. They participate in the major systems that control the cellular redox potential and prevent oxidative damage. In addition, thiol-disulfide exchange reactions serve as molecular switches in a growing number of redox-regulated pr... | Introduction Cysteine is one of the most rarely used amino acids in the proteins of most organisms studied so far ( Pe'er et al. 2004 ). Therefore, when highly conserved in proteins, it usually plays crucial roles in the structure, function, or regulation of the protein. This is due to the ability of thiol groups to st... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521172.xml |
517826 | A Neuroeconomics Approach to Inferring Utility Functions in Sensorimotor Control | Making choices is a fundamental aspect of human life. For over a century experimental economists have characterized the decisions people make based on the concept of a utility function. This function increases with increasing desirability of the outcome, and people are assumed to make decisions so as to maximize utilit... | Introduction In real world situations we often have to choose between possible actions that lead to different outcomes. To provide a computational framework for such a decision process, the notion of a utility function is often used ( Neumann and Morgenstern 1944 ). A utility function assigns to each possible action a ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517826.xml |
539271 | Antitumor effectiveness of different amounts of electrical charge in Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors | Background In vivo studies were conducted to quantify the effectiveness of low-level direct electric current for different amounts of electrical charge and the survival rate in fibrosarcoma Sa-37 and Ehrlich tumors, also the effect of direct electric in Ehrlich tumor was evaluate through the measurements of tumor volum... | Background The use of electric current in the treatment of malignant tumors has been known since the beginning of the 19 th century. Several investigators have reported encouraging results from experimental low-level direct current therapy (DEC) in different types of tumor [ 1 - 3 ]. These studies have shown that DEC h... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539271.xml |
526184 | Microarrays for global expression constructed with a low redundancy set of 27,500 sequenced cDNAs representing an array of developmental stages and physiological conditions of the soybean plant | Background Microarrays are an important tool with which to examine coordinated gene expression. Soybean ( Glycine max ) is one of the most economically valuable crop species in the world food supply. In order to accelerate both gene discovery as well as hypothesis-driven research in soybean, global expression resources... | Background Genes of higher plants are expressed in a coordinated fashion during development of tissue and organ systems and in response to different environmental conditions. This regulation may be tightly linked for some sets of genes, for example, in a specific biochemical pathway. Expression of regulatory genes may ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526184.xml |
539265 | Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones and cortisol in both menstrual phases of women with chronic fatigue syndrome and effect of depressive mood on these hormones | Background Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disease which defined as medically unexplained, disabling fatigue of 6 months or more duration and often accompanied by several of a long list of physical complaints. We aimed to investigate abnormalities of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis hormones and cortisol c... | Background Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a clinical presentation that primarily affects women and characterized by severe disabling fatigue, and other symptoms; including musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbance, impaired concentration, and headaches, in the absence of organic illness or severe psychiatric disorder ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539265.xml |
514491 | Sir2-Independent Life Span Extension by Calorie Restriction in Yeast | Calorie restriction slows aging and increases life span in many organisms. In yeast, a mechanistic explanation has been proposed whereby calorie restriction slows aging by activating Sir2. Here we report the identification of a Sir2-independent pathway responsible for a majority of the longevity benefit associated with... | Introduction The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has served as a useful model for aging research, leading to the identification of new longevity genes and pathways whose counterparts can be examined in higher eukaryotes ( Kaeberlein et al. 2001 ). One measure of aging in yeast is the finite replicative life span... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514491.xml |
387263 | Segmentally Variable Genes:A New Perspective on Adaptation | Genomic sequence variation is the hallmark of life and is key to understanding diversity and adaptation among the numerous microorganisms on earth. Analysis of the sequenced microbial genomes suggests that genes are evolving at many different rates. We have attempted to derive a new classification of genes into three b... | Introduction Microbes occupy almost every habitable niche in the biosphere, highlighting their enormous capability for adaptation and survival. This adaptive ability has been refined during millennia of evolution and has resulted in genes that evolve at very different rates. Some, such as housekeeping genes that code f... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC387263.xml |
493273 | Rofecoxib for dysmenorrhoea: meta-analysis using individual patient data | Background Individual patient meta-analysis to determine the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of single-dose rofecoxib in primary dysmenorrhoea. Methods Individual patient information was available from three randomised, double blind, placebo and active controlled trials of rofecoxib. Data were combined through m... | Background Dysmenorrhoea is associated with painful cramping of the lower abdominal or back muscles, with or without other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Onset of dysmenorrhoea is common during adolescence, and up to 50% of women of reproductive age may be affected [ 1 ], and 10% incapacitated for up... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC493273.xml |
534796 | Primary lymphocutaneous nocardiosis in an immunocompetent patient | Background Nocardia brasiliensis is a rare human pathogen usually associated with localized cutaneous infections. Case Presentation We report a case of primary lymphocutaneous Nocardia brasiliensis infection developed after a bone fracture of the left hand of an otherwise healthy 32-year-old man. Treatment with trimeth... | Background Nocardiosis is a rare localized or systemic infection caused by several species of the genus Nocardia . This genus consists of strictly aerobic, Gram-positive, variably acid-fast, filamentous bacteria with a tendency to fragment into bacillary and coccoid forms [ 1 ]. N. asteroides , N. farcinica , N. nova (... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534796.xml |
535339 | Proteomics computational analyses suggest that the carboxyl terminal glycoproteins of Bunyaviruses are class II viral fusion protein (beta-penetrenes) | The Bunyaviridae family of enveloped RNA viruses includes five genuses, orthobunyaviruses, hantaviruses, phleboviruses, nairoviruses and tospoviruses. It has not been determined which Bunyavirus protein mediates virion:cell membrane fusion. Class II viral fusion proteins (beta-penetrenes), encoded by members of the Alp... | Introduction Two classes of viral envelope proteins that mediate virion:cell fusion have been described. Class I and II fusion proteins (aka α-and β-penetrenes) are distinguished, in part, by the location of the "fusion peptide," a cluster of hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids that appears critical for fusing viral a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535339.xml |
526392 | Elevated levels of matrix metalloprotein-3 in patients with coronary aneurysm: A case control study | Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of arterial aneurysms through increased proteolysis of extracellular matrix proteins. Increased proteolysis due to elevated matrix degrading enzyme activity in the arterial wall may act as a susceptibility factor for the development of... | Introduction Coronary artery aneurysms are defined as dilated coronary artery segments that are greater than 1.5 times the diameter of adjacent normal segments [ 1 , 2 ]. The gold standard for diagnosing this type of aneurysm is coronary angiography, which provides information about the size, shape, location and number... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526392.xml |
526386 | The J-shape association of ethanol intake with total homocysteine concentrations: the ATTICA study | Background Epidemiological studies suggest a non-monotonic effect of alcohol consumption on cardiovascular risk, while there is strong evidence concerning the involvement of homocysteine levels on thrombosis. The aim of this work was to evaluate the association between usual ethanol consumption and homocysteine levels,... | Introduction Alcoholic beverages are widely consumed throughout the world and it has long been known that heavy alcohol consumption is hazardous to various body organs. In several countries alcohol is considered as one of the leading causes of preventable deaths, after smoking [ 1 ]. However, there is now also substant... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526386.xml |
534783 | RNA interference: learning gene knock-down from cell physiology | Over the past decade RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a natural mechanism for silencing gene expression. This ancient cellular antiviral response can be exploited to allow specific inhibition of the function of any chosen target gene. RNAi is proving to be an invaluable research tool, allowing much more rapid cha... | Introduction In 1998 Fire and coll. coined the term RNA interference (RNAi) referring to the phenomenon of post-translational silencing of gene expression that occurs in response to the introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into a cell [ 1 ]. This phenomenon can result in highly specific suppression of gene expre... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534783.xml |
523229 | BMP Receptor Signaling Is Required for Postnatal Maintenance of Articular Cartilage | Articular cartilage plays an essential role in health and mobility, but is frequently damaged or lost in millions of people that develop arthritis. The molecular mechanisms that create and maintain this thin layer of cartilage that covers the surface of bones in joint regions are poorly understood, in part because tool... | Introduction Thin layers of articular cartilage line the bones of synovial joints and provide a smooth, wear-resistant structure that reduces friction and absorbs impact forces ( Brandt et al. 1998 ). Loss or damage to articular cartilage is a hallmark of arthritic diseases and is one of the most common reasons that bo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523229.xml |
534797 | Evaluation of a communication skills seminar for students in a Japanese medical school: a non-randomized controlled study | Background Little data exist for the effectiveness of communication skills teaching for medical students in non-English speaking countries. We conducted a non-randomized controlled study to examine if a short intensive seminar for Japanese medical students had any impact on communication skills with patients. Methods T... | Background The literature from English-speaking countries indicates that teaching communication skills is effective in improving learners' communication skills with patients [ 1 ]. However, the evidence from non-English speaking countries is sparse [ 1 ]. In addition, the conceptual frameworks for communication skills ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534797.xml |
549033 | Clinical response in Japanese metastatic melanoma patients treated with peptide cocktail-pulsed dendritic cells | Background Metastatic, chemotherapy-resistant melanoma is an intractable cancer with a very poor prognosis. As to immunotherapy targeting metastatic melanoma, HLA-A2 + patients were mainly enrolled in the study in Western countries. However, HLA-A24 + melanoma patients-oriented immunotherapy has not been fully investig... | Background Despite many attempts in the last few years to target cancer-specific antigens, a breakthrough in terms of clinical response has yet to be achieved mainly because of a scarcity of effective genuine cancer antigens, immunological evasion, or an immunosuppressive state. Melanoma-associated antigens are categor... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549033.xml |
509417 | Phylogenetic relationships of typical antbirds (Thamnophilidae) and test of incongruence based on Bayes factors | Background The typical antbirds (Thamnophilidae) form a monophyletic and diverse family of suboscine passerines that inhabit neotropical forests. However, the phylogenetic relationships within this assemblage are poorly understood. Herein, we present a hypothesis of the generic relationships of this group based on Baye... | Background The typical antbirds (Thamnophilidae) is a speciose family within the furnariid radiation (sensu [ 1 ]) of the New World suboscine clade. The family includes fully 200 species [ 2 ] that all are restricted to neotropical forests. Most species are arboreal or undergrowth inhabitants, while only a few members ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509417.xml |
546328 | Parsing a Cognitive Task: A Characterization of the Mind's Bottleneck | Parsing a mental operation into components, characterizing the parallel or serial nature of this flow, and understanding what each process ultimately contributes to response time are fundamental questions in cognitive neuroscience. Here we show how a simple theoretical model leads to an extended set of predictions conc... | Introduction Even the most simple behaviour involves a chain of computations, which link perception, decision making, and action [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Measurements of response times (RTs) have been used as a major source of information on the organization of these stages [ 4 , 5 ], and more recently these analyses have been c... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546328.xml |
549032 | Gap-junction channels inhibit transverse propagation in cardiac muscle | The effect of adding many gap-junctions (g-j) channels between contiguous cells in a linear chain on transverse propagation between parallel chains was examined in a 5 × 5 model (5 parallel chains of 5 cells each) for cardiac muscle. The action potential upstrokes were simulated using the PSpice program for circuit ana... | Introduction We have developed an electric field hypothesis for the mechanism of transmission of excitation from one cell to the next that does not require gap-junction channels [ 1 - 4 ]. In the electric field hypothesis, the electrical voltage that develops in the narrow junctional cleft (V jc ) when the prejunctiona... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549032.xml |
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