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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/29864-inverse-integer-modulo-m.html
# Thread: 1. ## Inverse of an integer modulo m Hi, I have a test tomorrow, and I have been trying for a very long time to figure out how to do this. Thank you in advance for any help you can give me. This is the question: Find the inverse of 5 modulo 16. Please explain how to do this in steps. I already know the an...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/topology
# Tagged Questions The topology tag has no wiki summary. 1answer 52 views ### Topological vs. non-topological noetherian charges What (if any) is the relationship between the conserved (non-topological) noetherian charges and topological charges? Namely, is there any "generalization" of the Noether's first theorem ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/111749/how-to-interpret-a-double-integral
# How to interpret a double integral If you have an integral $\int_c^{d}\int_{a}^{b} f(x_1,x_2)\,dx_2\, dx_1$. I am not sure how to visualize this.I know that you are adding two dimensional rectangles but I cannot see the relationship between the formula and the visualization. Do you basically add all the rectangles i...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/23758/published-results-when-to-take-them-for-granted/24084
## Published results: when to take them for granted? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Two kinds of papers. There are two kinds of papers: self-contained ones, and those relying on published results (which I believe are the vast majority). Check...
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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/2765/what-is-the-optimal-strategy-when-there-is-an-equal-chance-for-gain-or-loss-but/2766
# What is the optimal strategy when there is an equal chance for gain or loss but the size of the potential gain is larger? I'm investigating a situation where the chance for gain or loss is the same, but the amount gained is greater than the amount that is lost. For example, the gain would be about 30% of the trade a...
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http://cms.math.ca/10.4153/CJM-2011-082-2
Canadian Mathematical Society www.cms.math.ca | | | | | |----------|----|-----------|----| | | | | | | | | Site map | | | CMS store | | location:  Publications → journals → CJM Abstract view # Poisson Brackets with Prescribed Casimirs Read article [PDF: 329...
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http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/index.php?title=User:Michiexile/MATH198/Lecture_1&oldid=30054
# User:Michiexile/MATH198/Lecture 1 ### From HaskellWiki Revision as of 12:11, 12 September 2009 by Michiexile (Talk | contribs) IMPORTANT NOTE: THESE NOTES ARE STILL UNDER DEVELOPMENT. PLEASE WAIT UNTIL AFTER THE FIRST LECTURE WITH HANDING ANYTHING IN, OR TAKING THE NOTES AS READY TO READ. ## 1 Welcome, administra...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/240879/what-is-the-relation-between-two-invertible-functions?answertab=active
# What is the relation between two invertible functions Lets say that if f(x) and g(x) are invertible. 1- is (f(x)+g(x)) also invertible? 2- is f(g(x)) invertible too? for the first one lets say that f(x)=x and g(x)=-x then f(x)+g(x)=x+(-x)=0 and f(x)=0 is not invertible. so my conculusion is that f(x)+g(x) can be un...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/95637/connected-compact-semisimple-lie-group-finite-fundamental-group/95667
connected compact semisimple lie group finite fundamental group Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I was told that the fundamental group of a connected, compact, semisimple Lie group is finite, with the outline of a possible way to prove this fact. Is...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/5682/what-are-the-uses-of-hopf-algebras-in-physics
# What are the uses of Hopf algebras in physics? Hopf algebra is nice object full of structure (a bialgebra with an antipode). To get some idea what it looks like, group itself is a Hopf algebra, considered over a field with one element ;) usual multiplication, diagonal comultiplication, obvious units and inverse for ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-equations/108720-fourth-order-runge-kutta-equation.html
# Thread: 1. ## Fourth-order Runge-Kutta for this equation. Hi, For my 3rd year project I'm meant to code different O.D.E solving algorithms and run them on GPU and compare the results to running them on CPU. The first algorithm I am meant to code is the fourth order Runge-Kutta for a O.D.E in the form: dx/dt = ax(...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/18588/why-are-differential-equations-for-fields-in-physics-of-order-two/44049
# Why are differential equations for fields in physics of order two? What is the reason for the observation that across the board fields in physics are generally governed by second order (partial) differential equations? If someone on the street would flat out ask me that question, then I'd probably mumble something ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/83943/a-module-with-extim-r-0-for-all-i-0
## A Module with $Ext^i(M,R) = 0$ for all $i > 0$ ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $M$ be a finitely generated module over a noetherian local ring $R$. We can take our ring to be Cohen-Macaulay. Suppose $M$ satisfies the condition $Ext^i(M,R...
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http://nrich.maths.org/6431
### Weekly Challenge 43: A Close Match Can you massage the parameters of these curves to make them match as closely as possible? ### Weekly Challenge 28: the Right Volume Can you rotate a curve to make a volume of 1? ### Weekly Challenge 46: the Jabber-notty Can you invert this confusing sentence from Lewis Carrol...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/16403/knights-and-knaves-who-are-b-and-c-task-26-from-what-is-the-name-of-this-boo
# Knights and knaves: Who are B and C? (task 26 from “What Is the Name of This Book?”) I have the following issue #26 from What Is the Name of This Book? of R. Smullyan: There is a wide variety of puzzles about an island in which certain inhabitants called "knights" always tell the truth, and others called "knaves" a...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/43489/list
2 retag 1 # Analysis of a quadratic diophantine equation Hi! This is my first post on Math Overflow. I have two equations: $a(3a-1) + b(3b-1) = c(3c-1)$ and $a(3a-1) - b(3b-1) = d(3d-1)$. I'm trying to find properties of $a$ and $b$ that lead to solutions, where $a, b, c, d \in \mathbb{N}$. I'm having trouble applyin...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/124860-two-angles-complementary-print.html
# Two angles are complementary. Printable View • January 21st 2010, 05:49 PM bball20 Two angles are complementary. Two angles are complementary. The sum of the measure of the first angle and half the second angle is 68 degrees. Find the measures of the angles: What is the measure of the smaller angle? What is the me...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/12669/are-the-rest-masses-of-fundamental-particles-certainly-constants/12670
# Are the rest masses of fundamental particles certainly constants? In particular I am curious if the values of the rest masses of the electron, up/down quark, neutrino and the corresponding particles over the next two generations can be defined as constant or if there is an intrinsic uncertainty in the numbers. I sup...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/170111/asymptotics-of-an-expression-of-the-root-of-a-polynomial/171137
# Asymptotics of an expression of the root of a polynomial Given that $x_0$ is the unique positive solution of $(2-x)^{n+1}=x(x+1)\cdots(x+n)$, try to find the asymptotic value of $$M=\prod_{k=0}^n\left(\frac{k+2}{k+x_0}\right)^{k+2}$$ with absolute error $o(1)$ as $n\to\infty$, where $H_n$ denotes $n$-th harmonic num...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/pre-calculus/44873-parabolic-arch-bridge.html
# Thread: 1. ## Parabolic Arch Bridge A horizontal bridge is in the shape of a parabolic arch. Given the information below, what is the height h of the arch 2 feet from shore? Given Data: *width across bridge (from one side of the parabola to the other side of the parabola) is 20 feet *The height of the arch (the ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/29333?sort=oldest
## Warmup (you've probably seen this before) Suppose $\sum_{n\ge 1} a_n$ is a conditionally convergent series of real numbers, then by rearranging the terms, you can make "the same series" converge to any real number $x$. To do this, let `$P=\{n\ge 1|a_n\ge 0\}$` and `$N=\{n\ge 1|a_n<0\}$`. Since $\sum_{n\ge 1} a_n$ c...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/39215/newtons-3rd-law-how-can-i-break-things?answertab=votes
# Newton's 3rd Law: How can I break things? If I punch a wooden board hard enough and it breaks in two, has the board still exerted a force of equal magnitude on my fist? When the board breaks in two due to my force, the halves have a component of acceleration in the direction of my striking fist...that implies the b...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/6738/simple-explanation-of-quantum-mechanics/6740
# Simple explanation of quantum mechanics Can you please describe quantum mechanics in simple words? When ever I read this word (quantum computers, quantum mechanics, quantum physics, quantum gravity etc) I feel like fantasy, myth and something very strange that i can never understand. So what is quantum mechanics? -...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/38344/can-there-be-two-continuous-real-valued-functions-such-that-at-least-one-has-rati/38350
## Can there be two continuous real-valued functions such that at least one has rational values for all x? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Of course, no continuous real valued non-constant function can attain only rational or irrational values,...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/16365?sort=oldest
## “Oldest” bug in computer algebra system? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) The goal of this question is to find an error in a computation by a computer algebra system where the 'correct' answer (complete with correct reasoning to justify the a...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/statistics/194585-statistical-probility-baye-s-theorem.html
# Thread: 1. ## Statistical probility, bayes' theorem Hi, I am looking for a solution to the following problem, which according to the question can be solved using bayes' theorem: The same event occurs a 1000 times Every time, the chance of it being positive is 17% Everytime 11 events in a row are negative, the 12t...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/118903/elementary-applications-of-linear-algebra-over-finite-fields/118922
## Elementary applications of linear algebra over finite fields ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I'm teaching axiomatic linear algebra again this semester. Although the textbooks I'm using do everything over the real or complex numbers, for vari...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/statistics/184582-z-score-probability-print.html
# Z-Score and probability Printable View • July 14th 2011, 01:52 PM sfspitfire23 Z-Score and probability Fellas, Say I have a list of numbers (normally distributed) with a mean of -200 and a SD of 50. Now, say I would like to find the probability of getting a less than -100 and greater than +100. For the -100 I get ...
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http://www.reference.com/browse/brute
Definitions Nearby Words # Brute-force search In computer science, brute-force search or exhaustive search, also known as generate and test, is a trivial but very general problem-solving technique, that consists of systematically enumerating all possible candidates for the solution and checking whether each candidate...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkowski_space
# Minkowski space For spacetime graphics, see Minkowski diagram. For Minkowski space associated to a number field, see Minkowski space (number field). Special relativity Part of a series on Foundations Mathematical formulation Consequences Minkowski spacetime World line Spacetime diagrams Light cone People In mathe...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/276018/metric-tensor-of-complex-numbers-hamiltonian-mechanics?answertab=votes
# Metric tensor of complex numbers & Hamiltonian Mechanics The Euclidean $\mathbb{R}^2$ geometric space can be mapped onto $\mathbb{C}$. In other words I see it like this $$\vec{v} = x\vec{x}+y\vec{y} = x\vec{1}+y\vec{i}= \begin{bmatrix}x \\y\end{bmatrix}$$ Where in the complex topology (loosely used here) $\vec{1},\v...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/pre-calculus/75989-theta-naught.html
# Thread: 1. ## theta naught I'm taking a precalculus class in college and our text is seriously lacking in explanation. There is this one topic which I don't understand and every time someone tries to explain it, I get don't fully grasp the logic. The concept of theta naught. Is this everything that isn't theta? Her...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/32396?sort=votes
Good reduction and blow-ups Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $X$ be a projective variety over $\mathbb{Z}$, and suppose that $X$ has everywhere good reduction. Let $Y$ be the blow-up of $X$ at an integral point. Then is it the case that $Y$ als...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=4020478
Physics Forums Conjecture Regarding rotation of a set by a sequence of rational angles. Consider the following sequence, where the elements are rational numbers mulriplied by $\pi$: $(\alpha_{i}) = \hspace{2 mm}\pi/4,\hspace{2 mm} 3\pi/8,\hspace{2 mm} \pi/4,\hspace{2 mm} 3\pi/16,\hspace{2 mm} \pi/4,\hspace{2 mm} 3\pi...
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http://denishaine.wordpress.com/2013/02/14/veterinary-epidemiologic-research-linear-regression/
denis haine Veterinary Epidemiologic Research: Linear Regression 14 02 2013 This post will describe linear regression as from the book Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, describing the examples provided with R. Regression analysis is used for modeling the relationship between a single variable Y (the outcome, or de...
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http://www.durofy.com/mathematics/the-derivative-the-binomial-theorem/
## The Derivative & The Binomial Theorem Posted Jun 29th, 2010 Author Discuss Category If we observe closely, we find that the various branches of mathematics are all linked together in some way or the other. I show here one such observation. The binomial theorem can actually be expressed in terms of the derivatives ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/math-topics/206774-mechanics-forces-acting-object-slope.html
3Thanks • 2 Post By ebaines • 1 Post By skeeter # Thread: 1. ## Mechanics forces acting on a object in a slope answer to q15 is 2.42ms can anyone solve these questions please 2. ## Re: Mechanics forces acting on a object in a slope Originally Posted by abdulrehmanshah answer to q15 is 2.42ms can anyone solve these...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/257556/why-lim-r-to-infty-int-c-r-fraceizzdz-0
# Why $\lim_{R\to\infty} \int_{C_R}\frac{e^{iz}}{z}dz=0$? Why does $$\lim_{R\to\infty} \int_{C_R}\frac{e^{iz}}{z}dz=0$$ where $C_R = \{Re^{it}: 0\le t\le \pi\}$? - ## 3 Answers Put $z:=x+iy\,\,,\,\,x,y\in\Bbb R\,$ , so if $\,Re^{it}=z=x+iy\,\,,\,R\to\infty\Longrightarrow x^2+y^2\to\infty$ and $\,0\leq t\leq \pi\Lon...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/2552/how-to-calculate-cord-tension-in-a-vertical-circle
# How to calculate cord tension in a vertical circle? Mass m is connected to the end of a cord at length R above its rotational axis (the axis is parallel to the horizon, the position of the mass is perpendicular to the horizon). It is given an initial velocity, V0, at a direction parallel to the horizon. The initial ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/21626/magnetic-field-in-a-cavity
# Magnetic field in a cavity We are given an infinitely long cylinder of radius $b$ with an empty cylinder (not coaxial) cut out of it, of radius $a$. The system carries a steady current (direction along the cylinders) of size $I$. I am trying to find the magnetic field at a point in the hollow. I am told that the ans...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/174422/projective-representations-of-loop-groups
# Projective representations of loop groups If $G$ is a Lie group and we take its loop group $LG$ why do we deal with projective representations of $LG$ and central extensions thereof? Where does the extra complexity come in to require us to consider this extra, very complicated, step? - When are you ever required t...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2007/02/17/
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## The First Isomorphism Theorem Today I want to walk through what’s called the “First Isomorphism Theorem” for groups. There are two more, but the first is really more interesting in my view. I’ll start with a high-level sketch: kernels of homomorphisms are normal subgroups, images a...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/58907/a-naive-question-about-composition-factor-of-a-representation/58910
## A naive question about composition factor of a representation ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $G$ be a Lie group, and $(\pi,V)$ is a continuous representation of $G$ which has finite composition series. A question I have which might be s...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/hamiltonian-formalism?page=1&sort=active&pagesize=50
Tagged Questions The hamiltonian-formalism tag has no wiki summary. 1answer 32 views Finding Hamilton's equations given a Hamiltonian I am trying to find Hamilton's equations for a general Hamiltonian given by $$H[u]=\int_\mathbf{R} \phi(u,u_x)dx$$ Suppose \frac{\delta f[u]}{\delta u(x)}\equiv \frac{\partial f}{\pa...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/39037?sort=votes
## boolean functions and averaging / counting ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Hey guys, I have a slightly imprecise question. I would like say something about a whole set of binary strings evaluated by a binary function by just looking at some...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/93771?sort=votes
## Proper compact connected subgroup of $Spin(n)$ ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) What are the proper compact connected subgroups of $Spin(n)$ of maximal rank where $Spin(n)$ is the spin group, that is, the universal cover of the special orthog...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/47524/when-do-we-study-maps-into-an-object-or-from-the-object-to-another-object/47527
## When do we study maps into an object or from the object to another object? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) In many Mathematical theories, to study an object, we usually consider the set of all maps from that object to some other object. For ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/108467-partial-derivative-without-knowing-actual-function.html
# Thread: 1. ## partial derivative without knowing actual function? My textbook, Advanced Macroeconomics (Romer), introduces a function $Y=F(K,AL)$, which can be written $\frac{Y}{AL}=F(\frac{K}{AL},1)$ and is often shortened to $y=f(k)$. It then suggests that $\frac{\partial F(K,AL)}{\partial K} = ALf'(\frac{K}{AL})...
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http://www.unitaryflow.com/2010/04/vec-bund-fundam-physics.html
## Thursday, April 22, 2010 ### Are vector bundles fundamental in Physics? Vector bundles and gauge theory The idea in Gauge Theory is that the fields of the known forces can be expressed starting with some principal bundles and their associated vector bundles. To be more precise, let's consider Maxwell's electromag...
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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/3329/how-to-get-greeks-using-monte-carlo-for-arbitrary-option
# How to get greeks using Monte-Carlo for arbitrary option? Let's assume I have an arbitrary option that I can price using Monte-Carlo simulation. What is the general approach (i.e. without relying on specific option type) to calculating the greeks in this case? Edit: I woud like to add a few links on the topic that ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/15471/sum-of-rational-numbers/15472
# Sum of rational numbers The sum of a finite number of rational numbers is of course a rational number, but the sum of an infinite number of rational numbers might be an irrational number. Can someone give me some intuition why this sum might be irrational? I just "don't feel it." - 1 As Hans observes below, any re...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/83132/list
## Return to Answer 1 [made Community Wiki] The skills that students are practicing in related rates problems are: 1. Differentiating a known equation implicitly with respect to time. 2. Interpreting the time derivative of a quantity as a rate of change. The main reason that related rates problems feel so contrive...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-equations/64534-ordinary-differential-equation.html
# Thread: 1. ## Ordinary Differential equation A uniform chain of total length 8 metres, settle 1 metre above the ledge and 2 metres hang on the other side. If x represents the length. The motion of the chain is $(x+1)v(dv/dx) + v^2 = (x-1)g$ where v is velocity and g is a gravitational constant show that by making...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=37947&page=10
Physics Forums Thread Closed Page 10 of 13 « First < 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 > ## Work equation? Yes, you are right; I do know that force does not equal energy, but force is related to energy. In order for a force to be applied, there is a needed energy source. Has my question been answered? No. Quote by ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/157256-accumulation-points.html
# Thread: 1. ## accumulation points how can you prove this theorem from the book? A finite set has no accumulation points. I know that it's true, but fail to show it mathematically 2. Are you working in the real numbers? What ideas have you had so far? 3. Originally Posted by EmmWalfer how can you prove this theo...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=3781675
Physics Forums ## Why does the band gap exist? Hello, do you know why no electron can stay in the band gap? Is it impossible at every energy? Thank you! PhysOrg.com physics news on PhysOrg.com >> Promising doped zirconia>> Nanocrystals grow from liquid interface>> New insights into how materials transfer heat cou...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/discrete-math/107790-set-union-its-finite-subsets.html
# Thread: 1. ## Is a set the union of its finite subsets? Hi: Let A be a set. Is A the union of all its finite subsets? By the way: how can I write a capital cursive in Latex? Regards and thanks for reading. Enrique. 2. I would say yes it is. A union is everything included in the selected sets. Here, there is only ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/166260-simplifying-roots.html
# Thread: 1. ## Simplifying roots Alright, I've got a final in College Algebra tomorrow but can't figure out how my teacher got this answer. Here was the original problem (as best I can type it): 1 over the 5th root of 9 I am told to rationalize the denominator. I got to this: 5th root of 9 to the 4th power over 9...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/77887/intersection-of-curves/77914
## Intersection of curves ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $f(x,y)=0$ and $g(x,y)=0$ be curves in $\mathbb R^2$. Assume that the origin $(0,0)\in \mathbb R^2$ is a $d$-fold point of $f$ and an $e$-fold point of $g$, respectively. Let $f_d(x,...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/43581/are-schematic-fixed-points-of-a-cohen-macaulay-scheme-cohen-macaulay
## Are schematic fixed-points of a Cohen-Macaulay scheme Cohen-Macaulay? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I'm not sure how long this iterative questions can go on, but let me try again. Let's say $X$ is a Cohen-Macaulay scheme with an action of ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/44425/solving-inclined-plane-using-diff-frame?answertab=oldest
# Solving inclined plane using diff. frame I was trying to solve frictionless inclined plane problem using a diff. frame as shown in the figure, and can't figure out that acceleration along the plane = g.sin(Θ), but I think it should be = g/sin(Θ) as according to the figure. I have gone through numerous examples and ...
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http://everythingscience.co.za/grade-12/06-motion-in-two-dimensions/06-motion-in-two-dimensions-06.cnxmlplus
# Science • Home • Read a textbook • Practise for exams • Order You are here: Home › Chapter summary # Chapter summary • Projectiles are objects that move through the air. • Objects that move up and down (vertical projectiles) on the earth accelerate with a constant acceleration g which is approximately equal to 9,...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/61608/complex-functions-integration
# Complex functions, integration Let $L_iL_j-L_jL_i = i\hbar\varepsilon_{ijk}L_k$ where $i,j,k\in\{1,2,3\}$ Let $u$ be any eigenstate of $L_3$. How might one show that $\langle L_1^2 \rangle = \int u^*L_1^2u = \int u^*L_2^2u = \langle L_2^2\rangle$ ? I can show that $\langle u|L_3L_1L_2-L_1L_2L_3|u\rangle=\int u^*(L...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showpost.php?p=2799187&postcount=4
View Single Post ## integration help for expectation of a function of a random variable hmm...now that I try it fully, that integral doesn't work out. Are you sure you copied down the problem correctly? If yes, then I'm assuming there's a typo because the answer WolframAlpha is giving is: $$\frac{\pi e^{\frac{1}{2a}...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/48610/difference-between-a-theory-in-logic-and-a-system-of-axioms/48613
# Difference between a “theory” in logic and a “system of axioms” In logic, a $\Sigma$-theory $T$ is just a set of sentences obtained from the signature $\Sigma$. As I understand, what logician calls "theory" is what a mathematician calls "system of axioms". But what a mathematician calls "theory" is the set of all se...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/37610?sort=votes
## Demonstrating that rigour is important ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Any pure mathematician will from time to time discuss, or think about, the question of why we care about proofs, or to put the question in a more precise form, why we see...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/33303/demonstrate-magnets-adhere-to-conservation-of-energy-pursuant-to-the-laws-of-the/33307
# Demonstrate magnets adhere to conservation of energy pursuant to the laws of thermodynamics I am looking for a way to demonstrate that magnets adhere to the laws of thermodynamics, in particular the requirement that energy in a closed system be conserved. To adhere to the requirement that energy not be lost, I woul...
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http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Thermodynamics/State_Functions/Entropy/Entropy_of_Mixing
More # Entropy of Mixing ##### Table of contents A gas will always flow into a newly available  volume and does so because its molecules are rapidly bouncing off one another and hitting the walls of their container, readily moving into a new allowable space. It follows from the second law of thermodynamics that a pr...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/99250-splitting-field.html
# Thread: 1. ## Splitting Field Let $F$be a field of characteristic $p$. Prove that $x^p-a$either is irreducible or splits in $F$... 2. if you prove one thing you are through ... all roots of this polynomial are equal (in some appropriate extension) 3. Originally Posted by ynj Let $F$be a field of characteristic $...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/101196?sort=oldest
## Kähler potentials that depend only on geodesic distance ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Hermitian symmetric spaces of constant curvature have the property that the potential for their Kähler metric can be expresed as some function of the geo...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/tagged/monodromy
## Tagged Questions 1answer 199 views ### Fibered knot with periodic homological monodromy It is well-known that there exist pseudo-Anosov automorphisms of surfaces that act trivially on the homology: they form the Torelli group. Similarly there exists pseudo-Anosov auto … 0answers 191 views ### lifts of maps to $\...
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http://vladimirkalitvianski.wordpress.com/2009/05/22/problem-of-infinitely-big-corrections/
# Reformulation instead of Renormalizations by Vladimir Kalitvianski ## Problem of infinitely big corrections In this web log I would like to share my findings on reformulation of problems with big (infinite or divergent) perturbative corrections and discuss them. (The blog is regularly updated so do not pay attenti...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/47571/path-integral-with-zero-energy-modes/47637
Path integral with zero energy modes Consider the field integral for the partition function of a free non-relativistic electron in a condensed matter setting, i.e. $$Z = ∫D\bar\psi D\psi \exp\left(-\sum_{k,ω} \bar\psi_{k,ω} (-iω + \frac{k^2}{2m} - \mu) \psi_{k,ω}\right)$$ where the action is written in Fourier repre...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/191022-basis-0-1-n-operations-induced-boolean-algebra-0-1-a-2.html
# Thread: 1. ## Re: a "basis" in {0,1}^n with operations induced from the boolean algebra {0,1} i think you can for $\{0,1\}^n$, especially since you know that spanning is the hard part. it might be more challenging to prove the more general result (an arbitrary idempotent semiring). 2. ## Re: a "basis" in {0,1}^n w...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/156463-functions.html
# Thread: 1. ## Functions Maximum and minimum value of the function f(x)=1/2x^3-x^2 on the interval: -1 ≤x ≤1 2. What function are you talking about? $f(x)=\frac{1}{2x^3-x^2}$ or $f(x)=\frac{1}{2x^3}-x^2$ 3. I am talking about the function 0.5 of x^3 - x^2 4. Originally Posted by dvmasaka I am talking about the ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/111329/varieties-with-infinitely-many-etale-covers-and-rational-points
## Varieties with infinitely many etale covers and rational points ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $X$ be a (smooth projective geometrically connected) variety over a field $k$. Consider the set Et$(X,k)$ of finite etale covers $Y\to X$ ov...
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http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Kendall_tau_rank_correlation_coefficient?oldid=142387
# Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient Talk0 31,735pages on this wiki Revision as of 13:37, December 26, 2011 by Dr Joe Kiff (Talk | contribs) (diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Assessment | Biopsychology | Comparative | Cognitive | Developmental | Language | Individual di...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/48014-find-volume-solid.html
# Thread: 1. ## Find the volume of the solid Find the volume of the solid whose base is the region between the curve $y=x^3$ and y-axis from $y=0$ to $y=1$, and whose cross sections taken perpendicular to the y-axis are squares. I don't understand "whose cross sections taken perpendicular to y-axis are squares". Ho...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/437/what-equation-describes-the-wavefunction-of-a-single-photon/462
What equation describes the wavefunction of a single photon? The Schrödinger equation describes the quantum mechanics of a single massive non-relativistic particle. The Dirac equation governs a single massive relativistic spin-½ particle. The photon is a massless, relativistic spin-1 particle. What is the equivalent ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/48248/what-do-named-tricks-share/50450
What do named “tricks” share? Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) There are a number of theorems or lemmas or mathematical ideas that come to be known as eponymous tricks, a term which in this context is in no sense derogatory. Here is a list of 10 suc...
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http://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Template:Computer_Programming/Error_Handling/6
# Template:Computer Programming/Error Handling/6 As you see the function demands a precondition of `X >= 0` - that is the function can only be called when X ≥ 0. In return the function promises as postcondition that the return value is also ≥ 0. In a full DbC approach, the postcondition will state a relation that ful...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/138296-need-help-verifying-answer-2.html
# Thread: 1. Affirmative, human. 2. Originally Posted by maddas Affirmative, human. how would i solve this problem? and if i did it right would the answer be (b) ? 3. Originally Posted by bringash how would i solve this problem? and if i did it right would the answer be (b) ? Dear bringash, For $\sqrt{5x}$ to be ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/195252-finding-specific-operator.html
# Thread: 1. ## finding a specific operator Hi! I am kinda going mad trying to find the following operator. Here goes the problem: Let $(z_n)$ be a complex seq. such that $\lim z_n=0$ and let $(x_n)$ be a seq. of pos. numbers such that $\lim x_n=\infty$. Show that there exists (i.e. find) a compact operator $P$ on $l...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/279015/visualizing-concepts-in-mathematical-logic
# Visualizing Concepts in Mathematical Logic If you were forced to speculate or offer anecdotal evidence, how would you say excellent practicioners of mathematical logic coneptually grasp statements like: $$\vdash ((P \rightarrow Q) \rightarrow Q) \rightarrow Q$$ ...on an intuitive level? Specifically, I'm curious ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/48927/godels-incompleteness-theorem-and-real-closed-fields
# Gödel's incompleteness theorem and real closed fields I am familiar with the result of Gödel's incompleteness theorem. I find it hard though, to convince myself that when we replace normal number arithmetic with real closed fields, that there is an axiomatic system that is complete. After all, $\mathbb{N} \subset \m...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/5062/key-scheduling-of-international-data-encryption-algorithm-idea
Key Scheduling of International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) How to perform the key scheduling in International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA), I took a research but I can't understand how to perform it, "further groups of eight keys are created by rotating the main key left 25 bits between each group of eight....
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http://mathhelpforum.com/math-challenge-problems/92588-limit-2-a.html
# Thread: 1. ## Limit (2) Let $f: [0,1] \longrightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be continuous. We all know that $\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{1}{n} \sum_{j=1}^n f \left(\frac{j}{n} \right)=\int_0^1 f(x) \ dx.$ Now let $L=\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{1}{n} \sum_{j=1}^n (-1)^{j-1}f \left(\frac{j}{n} \right).$ What do you think the value of ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/293036/i-want-to-find-the-real-number-c-for-which-we-have-pxc-pyc
# I want to find the real number c for which we have: $P(X<c)=P(Y<c)$ Consider two normal random variables $X$ and $Y$: $$X\sim N(m_1,s_1), \qquad Y\sim N(m_2,s_2)$$ I want to find the real number $c$ for which we have: $$P(X<c)=P(Y<c)$$ - ## 2 Answers I'll assume that by $s_1$ you mean the variance, so that $\s...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immersion_(mathematics)
# Immersion (mathematics) The Klein bottle, immersed in 3-space. For a closed immersion in algebraic geometry, see closed immersion. In mathematics, an immersion is a differentiable map between differentiable manifolds whose derivative is everywhere injective. Explicitly, f : M → N is an immersion if $D_pf : T_p M \...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/20353/calculating-lagrangian-density-from-first-principle
# Calculating lagrangian density from first principle In most of the field theory text they will start with lagrangian density for spin 1 and spin 1/2 particles. But i could find any text where this lagrangian density is derived from first principle. - ## 3 Answers Try Steven Weinbergs comprehensive The Quantum The...
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http://jeremykun.com/tag/unsupervised-learning/
# k-Means Clustering and Birth Rates Posted on February 4, 2013 by A common problem in machine learning is to take some kind of data and break it up into “clumps” that best reflect how the data is structured. A set of points which are all collectively close to each other should be in the same clump. A simple picture...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/53899/question-in-the-exactness-of-the-induced-sequence-of-an-exact-sequence-of-module
# Question in the exactness of the induced sequence of an exact sequence of module homomorphisms using the representation functor I am referring to Theorem 6.3 p. 143 from Lang's Algebra (but the question description will be as self-contained as possible). Let $A$ be a commutative ring and $M$, $W$, $V$, $U$ be $A$-m...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-statistics/89891-linear-combination-normal-random-variables.html
# Thread: 1. ## Linear combination of normal random variables "Fact: Any linear combination of independent normal random variables has a normal distribution." Is the condition "independent" here absolutely necessary? If we remove the word "independent", would the linear combination still be normally distributed? Why...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/89577-indeterminate-forms.html
# Thread: 1. ## indeterminate forms Could someone justify the following statement please. I'm having trouble visualizing what has been said here: If by direct substitution of a given value c into a rational function is made and the following result occurs $r(c)=\frac{p(c)}{q(c)}=\frac{0}{0}$ then it can be conclud...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/28070/thermodynamics-related-problems
# Thermodynamics related problems [closed] 1. If the lengths of two bars of different solids are inversely proportional to their respective coefficients of linear expansions at the same initial temperature. How should I mathematically express this? 2.For the effective coefficient of linear expansion expression, I got...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/53952/maximal-ideals-in-polynomial-rings-over-algebraically-closed-fields-when-weak-n
## Maximal ideals in polynomial rings over algebraically closed fields - when Weak Nullstellensatz does not apply ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Weak nullstellensatz describes maximal ideals in polynomial rings over algebraically closed fields...
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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/212/solving-path-integral-problem-in-quantitative-finance-using-computer/231
# Solving Path Integral Problem in Quantitative Finance using Computer I've asked this question here at Physics SE, but I figured that some parts would be more appropriate to ask here. So I'm rephrasing the question again. We know that for option value calculation, path integral is one way to solve it. But the soluti...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/31457/how-to-define-a-field?answertab=oldest
# How to define a field? [duplicate] Possible Duplicate: What is a field, really? What are electromagnetic fields made of? What is a field ? What is magnetic field or other fields made of or what it is, How do u define it (To my knowledge field is thought to exist without a proof and theories are built over it) ? - ...
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http://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/6058/how-can-lazy-learning-systems-simultaneously-solve-multiple-problems
# How can lazy learning systems simultaneously solve multiple problems? On the english Wikipedia it says about lazy learning systems: Because the target function is approximated locally for each query to the system, lazy learning systems can simultaneously solve multiple problems […] What does this mean? I can only ...
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http://www.reference.com/browse/Cubic_reciprocity
Definitions # Cubic reciprocity In mathematics, cubic reciprocity is any of various results connecting the solvability of two related cubic equations in modular arithmetic. ## Algebraic setting The law of cubic reciprocity is most naturally expressed in terms of the Eisenstein integers, that is, the ring E of compl...
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