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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/75521/reference-request-parametrizing-covers-of-the-projective-line
## Reference request: parametrizing covers of the projective line ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Hurwitz spaces (or Hurwitz schemes) parametrize covers of the projective line. One can do this in many ways. For example, one could fix the numbe...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/19630/what-is-an-intermediate-definition-for-a-tangent-to-a-curve?answertab=votes
# What is an intermediate definition for a tangent to a curve? Most students come to calculus with an intuitive sense of what a tangent line should be for a curve. It is easy enough to give a definition of a tangent to a circle that is both elementary and rigorous. (A line that intersects a circle exactly once.) Yet, ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/118156/asymptotics-of-arithmetic-fuchsian-groups-and-shimura-curves
## Asymptotics of arithmetic Fuchsian groups and Shimura curves. ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I'm interested in what is known/expected about some families of arithmetic Fuchsian groups. Here is the simplest family that I'm interested in: Let...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/130353-definition-branch-point.html
# Thread: 1. ## Definition of a branch point I can't seem to find a good definition for a branch point. I have several thoughts and have found various definitions but would like to hear MHFs opinions on this one! I'm thinking something along the lines of... A branch point is a point of a (analytic?) function that i...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/4915-polar-coordinate-integration.html
# Thread: 1. ## Polar Coordinate Integration Hello, Having problems setting integration limits due to symmetry. I have two questions: One asks to find the volume of the solid formed by the interior of the circle r = cos(theta) capped by the plane z = x. Because x = rcos(theta) and r = cos(theta), we have z = (cos...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/hilbert-space+wavefunction
# Tagged Questions 2answers 114 views ### Vector representation of wavefunction in quantum mechanics? I am new to quantum mechanics, and I just studied some parts of "wave mechanics" version of quantum mechanics. But I heard that wavefunction can be represented as vector in Hilbert space. In my eye, ... 1answer 172 ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/180725-integral.html
# Thread: 1. ## an integral Hi! I need the following to complete a proof. $\int _0^\infty \frac{sin^2(x)}{x^2}dx = \frac{\pi}{2}$ I've checked it in Maple and it's true. All I have left is to actually show it (without referring to Maple ofc). Thanks! 2. I expect you would have to use the residue theorem... 3. O...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/93438?sort=votes
## Euler class in the non-compact case ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Does anyone have a reference for: The Euler-class for an open non-compact manifold possibly with twisted coefficients (if the group action on the manifold does not preserve...
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http://planetmath.org/uniformspace
# uniform space A uniform structure (or uniformity) on a set $X$ is a non empty set $\mathcal{U}$ of subsets of $X\times X$ which satisfies the following axioms: 1. 1. Every subset of $X\times X$ which contains a set of $\mathcal{U}$ belongs to $\mathcal{U}$. 2. 2. Every finite intersection of sets of $\mathcal{U}...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine_function
# Affine transformation (Redirected from Affine function) An image of a fern-like fractal that exhibits affine self-similarity. Each of the leaves of the fern are related to one another by an affine transformation. For instance, the red leaf can be transformed into the blue leaf by a combination of reflection, rotatio...
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http://www.abstractmath.org/Word%20Press/?p=4845
# Gyre&Gimbleposts about math, language and other things that may appear in the wabe ## A visualization of a computation in tree form 2012/06/28 — SixWingedSeraph To manipulate the demo below, you must have Wolfram CDF Player installed on your computer. It is available free from the Wolfram website. This demonstrat...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/122860-intro-integrals.html
# Thread: 1. ## Intro to Integrals Hi, I'm stressing out because I've been on this problem for hours and I'm still getting nowhere. """ Let R denote the region that lies below the graph of $f(x)=2+4x^2$ on the interval [-1, 2]. Estimate the area of R using six approximating rectangles of the same width and (a) left...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/32878/hall-conductivity-and-edge-response
# Hall conductivity and edge response The hall conductivity $\sigma_{xy}$ seems to reflect to some extent the response of a system in direction $\hat{y}$ to certain perturbation (electric field for example) restricted in $\hat{x}$ direction. My question is, does a nonzero $\sigma_{xy}$ imply anything about the the ph...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/81149?sort=votes
## On lattice points “far inside” convex lattice polygons ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a convex lattice polygon with $n$ vertices and let $\mathcal{L}$ be the set of all lattice points inside $\mathcal{P}$. For every $n ...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showpost.php?p=3780863&postcount=4
View Single Post Recognitions: Gold Member ## Can the Speed of Light be derived? Well, historically Maxwell used his newly-corrected Ampere law to get an electromagnetic wave equation. When solving this equation, he found that EM waves travel at a speed given by: $v=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\mu_0 \epsilon _0}}$ , where μ0 a...
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http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_triangle
# Right triangle Right triangle A right triangle (American English) or right-angled triangle (British English) is a triangle in which one angle is a right angle (that is, a 90-degree angle). The relation between the sides and angles of a right triangle is the basis for trigonometry. The side opposite the right angle...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/44614/is-there-a-limit-of-cos-n
## Is there a limit of cos (n!)? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Hi, I encountered a problem today to prove that cos (n!) does not have a limit. I have no idea how to do it formally. Could someone help? The simpler the proof (by that i mean les...
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http://mathforum.org/mathimages/index.php?title=Harter-Heighway_Dragon&diff=29563&oldid=6426
# Harter-Heighway Dragon ### From Math Images (Difference between revisions) | | ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/6114/list
2 added bsp tag 1 # What are the right categories of finite-dimensional Banach spaces? This is inspired partly by this question, especially Tom Leinster's answer. Let me start with some background. I apologize that this will be rather long, since I'm hoping for input from people who probably don't much about the fol...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/spacetime+gravity
Tagged Questions 0answers 35 views effect of gravity on chemical reaction rates [closed] a chemical reaction is done on earth in very vacuum and that chemical reaction is also done in space so that gravity higgs field not affect that reaction. Which reaction will be fast wrt gravity and ... 3answers 69 views What i...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/2272/encryption-algorithm-that-produces-dummy-output-on-incorrect-passwords
# Encryption algorithm that produces dummy output on incorrect passwords Background: I've been thinking about using encryption in the context of backing up files to untrusted locations (to the point of making the file publicly and widely distributed for practically failsafe backup). The problem is, once a file is pub...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/201541/an-equation-in-a-component-of-identity-in-a-lie-group/201664
# an equation in a component of identity in a lie group could any one help me how to solve : prove that there exist solution for the equation $x^2=y$ in identity component of a lie group. I dont know how to start this one, what is the specia; about component of identity? well for $y=e$ we get $x=e$ - It is not clea...
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http://www.reference.com/browse/Algorithmic+entropy
Definitions # Kolmogorov complexity In algorithmic information theory (a subfield of computer science), the (also known as descriptive complexity, Kolmogorov-Chaitin complexity, stochastic complexity, algorithmic entropy, or program-size complexity) of an object such as a piece of text is a measure of the computation...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/159215/inherited-morita-similar-rings?answertab=active
# Inherited Morita similar rings Let $R$ and $S$ be Morita similar rings. If a ring $R$ with the following property: every right ideal is injective. How do I prove that the ring $S$ has this property? If a ring $R$ with the following property: $R$ is finitely generated. How do I prove that the ring $S$ has this prop...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/111291-equation-tangent-line.html
# Thread: 1. ## equation of tangent line the equation of the tangent line to f(x)=sqrt(x) at x=16 y= b= using this, find approximation for sqrt(16.2) sooo lost =( 2. Originally Posted by sjara the equation of the tangent line to f(x)=sqrt(x) at x=16 y= b= using this, find approximation for sqrt(16.2) sooo lost =...
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http://nrich.maths.org/7074/index?setlocale=en_US
### Cubic Spin Prove that the graph of f(x) = x^3 - 6x^2 +9x +1 has rotational symmetry. Do graphs of all cubics have rotational symmetry? ### Sine Problem In this 'mesh' of sine graphs, one of the graphs is the graph of the sine function. Find the equations of the other graphs to reproduce the pattern. ### Parabol...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=665075&page=3
Physics Forums Page 3 of 3 < 1 2 3 Mentor ## Why does an object start to fall under gravity Quote by Adeste I agree 100% with what you say I am not trying to replace mechanics (forces) with potential changes for moving objects. Therefore I am not trying to prove a path or trajectory mechanics...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/79215/pathologies-of-analytic-non-algebraic-varieties
## Pathologies of analytic (non-algebraic) varieties. ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Note: By an "analytic non-algebraic" surface below I mean a two dimensional compact analytic variety $X$ (over $\mathbb{C}$) which is not an algebraic variety...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/31407/how-can-a-pion-have-a-mass-given-its-a-field-mediator-and-created-destroyed?answertab=votes
# How can a pion have a mass, given it's a “field mediator” and created/destroyed continuously? Maybe some of my assumptions here are basically wrong, but isn't it true that • pion is the "mediator" for the strong force field. • the quantum field theory basically says that there are no fields, instead all forces are ...
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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/13266/simple-linear-regression-output-interpretation/13269
# Simple linear regression output interpretation I have run a simple linear regression of the natural log of 2 variables to determine if they correlate. My output is this: ````R^2 = 0.0893 slope = 0.851 p < 0.001 ```` I am confused. Looking at the $R^2$ value, I would say that the two variables are not correlated,...
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http://www.sagemath.org/doc/reference/combinat/sage/combinat/skew_partition.html
# Skew Partitions¶ A skew partition $$skp$$ of size $$n$$ is a pair of partitions $$[p_1, p_2]$$ where $$p_1$$ is a partition of the integer $$n_1$$, $$p_2$$ is a partition of the integer $$n_2$$, $$p_2$$ is an inner partition of $$p_1$$, and $$n = n_1 - n_2$$. We say that $$p_1$$ and $$p_2$$ are respectively the inne...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/16520/potential-energy-of-a-charged-ring
# Potential energy of a charged ring Consider a ring of radius $R$, and charge density $\rho$. What will be the potential energy of the ring in its self field? The best I can do: $$dq = \rho R \cdot \, d \alpha$$ $$E_p = 2 \pi R \cdot 2 \int_{0}^{\pi - \delta \alpha} \frac{\rho^2 R^2}{r(\alpha)} \, d\alpha$$ where ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/20998/when-do-thermal-and-chemical-equilibrium-not-coincide?answertab=oldest
# When do thermal and chemical equilibrium not coincide? What is an example for a system, which is in chemical equilibrium, but not in thermodynamical equilibrium? And what about the other way around? It seems to me, that as long as Parameters like temperature $T$ and pressure $p$ are changing, there cannot not be c...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/15087/computing-fundamental-groups-and-singular-cohomology-of-projective-varieties/15114
## Computing fundamental groups and singular cohomology of projective varieties ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Are there any general methods for computing fundamental group or singular cohomology (including the ring structure, hopefully) of a ...
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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/6493/weakly-informative-prior-distributions-for-scale-parameters/28420
# Weakly informative prior distributions for scale parameters I have been using log normal distributions as prior distributions for scale parameters (for normal distributions, t distributions etc.) when I have a rough idea about what the scale should be, but want to err on the side of saying I don't know much about it...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2007/06/23/limits-in-functor-categories/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=f636fc8316
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Limits in functor categories Today I want to give a great example of creation of limits that shows how useful it can be. For motivation, take a set $X$, a monoid $M$, and consider the set $M^X$ of functions from $X$ to $M$. Then $M^X$ inherits a monoid structure from that on $M$. J...
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http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/4600/how-to-invert-an-integral-equation
# How to invert an integral equation There have been numerous times when I've needed to invert an integral equation, i.e. I have something like $$f(x) = g_1(x)\int_{0}^x g_2(x') dx'$$ for arbitrary functions $g_1$ and $g_2$, and I would like to find $x$ for a given $f$. The way I've gotten around this is just making s...
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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/20936/how-do-i-handle-very-different-weights-in-a-least-squares-fit
# How do I handle very different weights in a least squares fit? I'm performing a weighted linear least squares fit, where the weights correspond to the number of counts of a specific observation. Due to the nature of the data, it is possible that a small handful of observations get weighted much more than the rest, s...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/132937/show-that-for-a-finite-metric-space-a-every-subset-is-open/132939
# Show that for a finite metric space A, every subset is open Let A be a finite metric space .I want to prove that every subset of A is open. I let the set B, be any subset of A. Since A is finite,then I know that A/B is also finite.I'm stuck here how can this help me reach to a proof? I beg your help - ## 4 Answers...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-equations/72318-problem-stability-theorem.html
# Thread: 1. ## Problem With Stability Theorem Okay, I have the following autonomous differential equation: $dx/dt = f(x) = x^2-5x+6$ I found the steady states of the equation of be x*1=2 and x*2=3 When I sub them into $f'(x^*) = 2x-5$, I get $f'(x^*1) = -1$ and $f'(x^*2)= 1$. Now I was told that the stability th...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/pre-calculus/47722-odd-polynomial-functions.html
# Thread: 1. ## Odd Polynomial Functions Prove algebraically and explain grahically why a polynomial that is an odd function is no longer an odd function when a non-zero constant is added. Provide examples. Thanks in advance :P 2. Originally Posted by ahling Prove algebraically and explain grahically why a polynomi...
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http://conservapedia.com/Rational_number
# Rational number ### From Conservapedia x2 − 5x + 6 = 0 x = ? This article/section deals with mathematical concepts appropriate for a student in mid to late high school. The rational numbers are the numbers representable as ratios of integers, that is, fractions. Mathematicians denote the set of rational numbers w...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/math-software/209043-please-help-piece-matlab-finite-differences-coursework.html
# Thread: 1. ## Please help with a piece of MatLab finite differences coursework :) Hello everyone. New to this so apologies for any mistakes. I have attached a piece of coursework I have for Uni and wondered if anyone had any ideas of where to even start. Any help would be massively appreciated. Cheers. Oli. Attache...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/59945/why-are-bad-orbits-excluded-from-symplectic-field-theory-contact-homology-etc/60153
Why are “bad orbits” excluded from symplectic field theory, contact homology etc.? Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) In the Introduction to Symplectic Field Theory paper, Eliashberg, Givental and Hofer introduce a differential graded algebra generate...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/272779/let-y0-1-rightarrow-mathbb-r-be-a-twice-continuously-differentiable-funct
Let $y:[0,1] \rightarrow \mathbb R$ be a twice continuously differentiable function such that $y''(x)-y(x)<0$ I came across the following problem that says: Let $y:[0,1] \rightarrow \mathbb R$ be a twice continuously differentiable function such that $y''(x)-y(x)<0$ for all $x \in (0,1)$ and $y(0)=y(1)=0.$ Then which...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandi's_series
# Grandi's series In mathematics, the infinite series 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + …, also written $\sum_{n=0}^{\infin} (-1)^n$ is sometimes called Grandi's series, after Italian mathematician, philosopher, and priest Guido Grandi, who gave a memorable treatment of the series in 1703. It is a divergent series, meaning that it la...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-equations/151794-solve-differential-equation-using-power-series.html
# Thread: 1. ## Solve differential equation using "Power Series" How can I solve the following differential equation using power series? (1 – x^2)y'' – 6xy' – 4y = 0 I know there are other ways to solve this, but I specifically need to know how to do these using power series. 2. This is just a guess, but maybe rew...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/187497/proof-that-determinant-rank-equals-row-column-rank/187512
# Proof that determinant rank equals row/column rank Let $A$ be a $m \times n$ matrix with entries from some field $F$. Define the determinant rank of $A$ to be the largest possible size of a nonzero minor, ie. the largest invertible square submatrix of $A$. It is true that the determinant rank is equal to the rank of...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2008/05/07/associativity-in-series-ii/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=39170bc4ce
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Associativity in Series II I’m leaving for DC soon, and may not have internet access all day. So you get this now! We’ve seen that associativity doesn’t hold for infinite sums the way it does for finite sums. We can always “add parentheses” to a convergent sequence, but we can’t a...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/163750-irreducible-polynomial-mod-p-2-a.html
# Thread: 1. ## Irreducible polynomial mod p^2 Consider the polynomial $x^{2} + p$ modulo $p^{2}$. I would like to show that this polynomial is irreducible. Unfortunately I don't see how I can apply any of the usual tricks (Eisenstein, simple enumeration in the case of fields of small characteristic) might work. 2....
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2011/07/19/the-uniqueness-of-the-exterior-derivative/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=18b5244a97
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## The Uniqueness of the Exterior Derivative It turns out that our exterior derivative is uniquely characterized by some of its properties; it is the only derivation of the algebra $\Omega(M)$ of degree $1$ whose square is zero and which gives the differential on functions. That is, o...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prismatoid
# Prismatoid In geometry, a prismatoid is a polyhedron where all vertices lie in two parallel planes. (If both planes have the same number of vertices, and the lateral faces are either parallelograms or trapezoids, it is called a prismoid.) If the areas of the two parallel faces are A1 and A3, the cross-sectional are...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2010/10/27/one-complete-character-table-part-2/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=c8d80d4293
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## One Complete Character Table (part 2) Last time we wrote down the complete character table of $S_3$: $\displaystyle\begin{array}{c|ccc}&e&(1\,2)&(1\,2\,3)\\\hline\chi^\mathrm{triv}&1&1&1\\\mathrm{sgn}&1&-1&1\\\chi^\perp&2&0&-1\end{array}$ which is all well and good except we have...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/18688/j-invariant-of-a-supersingular-elliptic-curve/18693
## j-invariant of a supersingular elliptic curve ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let E be a supersingular curve over a finite field. Why is the j-invariant always in F_p^2? - The answers by Pete Clark and Sam Derbyshire below are great, but I...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/217085/is-there-an-extensive-cheat-sheet-for-general-topology-questions?answertab=oldest
# Is there an extensive 'cheat sheet' for general topology questions? I'm looking for a collection of results in basic topology. Often I find myself working out some small detail for i.e. continuous functions, and I know I have done the same thing before, but cannot remember if the result was $=$ or just $\subseteq$ o...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/lie-algebra+group-theory
# Tagged Questions 2answers 207 views ### Definition of Casimir operator and its properties I'm not sure which is the exact definition of a Casimir operator. In some texts it is defined as the product of generators of the form: $$X^2=\sum X_iX^i$$ But in other parts it is defined as an ... 1answer 86 views ### Diff...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/action?sort=active&pagesize=15
# Tagged Questions The action tag has no wiki summary. 1answer 78 views ### Retrieving Maxwell's equations from the minimum action principle I'm currently working at the start of Alexei Tsvelik's book Quantum Field Theory in Condensed Matter Physics. I'm kinda stumped on a few essential steps. Starting with the act...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulated_Emission
# Stimulated emission (Redirected from Stimulated Emission) In optics, stimulated emission is the process by which an atomic electron (or an excited molecular state) interacting with an electromagnetic wave of a certain frequency may drop to a lower energy level, transferring its energy to that field. A photon create...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/83459/integer-sum-of-irrationals-is-it-if-and-only-if?answertab=active
# Integer sum of irrationals - is it “if and only if”? Given an integer $n$ and an irrational $r$, $n>r$, $n-r$ is irrational but $r + (n - r)$, the sum of two positive irrationals, is an integer. Is that the only way that two irrationals can sum to an integer? What if the question is rephrased using rationals instea...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/139408/good-reference-on-sample-autocorrelation
# Good reference on sample autocorrelation? I'm not a statistician but I'm writing my thesis on mathematical finance and I think it would be neat to have a short section about independence of stock returns. I need to get better understanding about some assumptions (see below) and have a good book to cite. I have a mo...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/243872/need-help-simplifying-an-equation
# Need help simplifying an equation. I'm trying to speed up the following code: ```sum = 0 for (k = 1 ... N) { f = Fibonacci(k); for (a = 1 ... 24) for (b = 1 ... 24) for (c = 1 ... 24) { sum = sum + m(a, b, c) // m(a, b, c) <= 24 for all input * ((f - c) / 24) * ((f - b) / 24) * ((f -...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/87073/norm-preserving-matrix-fix
Norm preserving matrix fix Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Hello, I'll state the problem first and than I'll a little bit of motivation. Lets be given regular matrix $M \in \mathbb{R}^{n\times n}$ and norm $||.||$ in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$. Define $$U ...
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http://programmingpraxis.com/2010/02/09/numerical-integration/?like=1&_wpnonce=76a2d9cd23
# Programming Praxis A collection of etudes, updated weekly, for the education and enjoyment of the savvy programmer ## Numerical Integration ### February 9, 2010 Computing the definite integral of a function is fundamental to many computations. In many cases, the integral of a function can be determined symbolical...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/203828-prove-ab-invertible-its-inverse.html
# Thread: 1. ## Prove that AB is invertible and its inverse. Hi, I am trying to prove this and found the proof, but have no idea how we are able to multiply by (B-1A-1) in the first step when it is not in the original statement. I understand it, but not where this comes from. Also, on the second side, where does the...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/129982/solving-a-pde-in-2-variables-without-boundary-conditions/129985
# solving a PDE in 2 variables without boundary conditions how could i solve the PDE (without boundary or other initial conditions) $1= y\partial _{y}f(x,y) -x \partial _{x}f(x,y)$ - What do you mean by "solve"? Find all functions that solve it? Without conditions, the solution is not unique. – joriki Apr 10 '12 at...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/52328/consistent-r-e-extensions-of-non-r-e-theories
## Consistent r.e. extensions of non r.e. theories. ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $\mathcal{L}$ be some first-order language, and $T$ be a consistent set of formulas of $\mathcal{L}$ which is not recursively enumerable. Under what condit...
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http://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Markov_Chains
# Linear Algebra/Topic: Markov Chains ← Topic: Geometry of Linear Maps Topic: Markov Chains Topic: Orthonormal Matrices → Here is a simple game: a player bets on coin tosses, a dollar each time, and the game ends either when the player has no money left or is up to five dollars. If the player starts with three doll...
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http://planetmath.org/QuotientRing
# quotient ring Definition. Let $R$ be a ring and let $I$ be a two-sided ideal of $R$. To define the quotient ring $R/I$, let us first define an equivalence relation in $R$. We say that the elements $a,b\in R$ are equivalent, written as $a\sim b$, if and only if $a-b\in I$. If $a$ is an element of $R$, we denote the c...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/152740-rate-change-problem.html
# Thread: 1. ## rate of change problem A rocket is fired into the air with an initial velocity of 98 m/s. The height ( h ) of the rocket after t seconds is given by the expression $h = 98t - 4.9t2$. a. What the average rate of change for the first 2 seconds. b. At what point does the rocket reach its maximum height? ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/81235/wanted-an-example-of-a-natural-non-k-ahler-metric-on-a-kahler-manifold/81256
## Wanted: an example of a natural non-K\"ahler metric on a Kahler manifold ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $X$ be a Kahler manifold. Associated to any hermitian metric $h$ on $X$ is a smooth real $(1,1)$-form $\omega = -\text{Im } h$, call...
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http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Electrical_conductor
# All Science Fair Projects ## Science Fair Project Encyclopedia for Schools! Search    Browse    Forum  Coach    Links    Editor    Help    Tell-a-Friend    Encyclopedia    Dictionary # Science Fair ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/184709/solving-a-literal-equation-containing-fractions
# Solving a literal equation containing fractions. I know this might seem very simple, but I can't seem to isolate `x`. $$\frac{1}{x} = \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}$$ Please show me the steps to solving it. - ## 3 Answers You should combine $\frac1a$ and $\frac1b$ into a single fraction using a common denominator as...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/determinant
# Tagged Questions Question about determinants, computation or theory. If $E$ is a vector space of dimension $d$, then we can compute the determinant of a $d$-uple $(v_1,\ldots,v_d)$ with respect to a basis. 1answer 28 views ### Prove if we have a square unitary Matrix $Q$, then $\det(Q) = e^{i\theta}$ Prove if we ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/56609-find-zeroes-function-difficult.html
# Thread: 1. ## Find zeroes of this function (difficult) Find the zeros of function f(x) = x^2(2e^2x) + 2xe^2x + e^2x + 2xe^2x) Attached is what I got. Is it correct? Attached Thumbnails 2. Originally Posted by mwok Find the zeros of function f(x) = x^2(2e^2x) + 2xe^2x + e^2x + 2xe^2x) Attached is what I got. Is i...
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http://andrewgelman.com/2012/01/04/bayesian-page-rank/
# Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science ## Bayesian Page Rank? Posted by  on 4 January 2012, 9:06 am Loren Maxwell writes: I am trying to do some studies on the PageRank algorithm with applying a Bayesian technique. If you are not familiar with PageRank, it is the basis for how Google ranks the...
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http://cms.math.ca/Reunions/hiver11/abs/dg
Réunion d'hiver SMC 2011 Delta Chelsea Hotel, Toronto, 10 - 12 décembre 2011 www.smc.math.ca//Reunions/hiver11 Géométrie discrete Org: Elissa Ross et Walter Whiteley (York) [PDF] ANTHONY NIXON, Fields Institute, Toronto Frameworks with Mixed Dimensional Constraints  [PDF] In this talk I will introduce the idea of b...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/discrete-math/79761-induction-n-2-2n-n-2-a.html
# Thread: 1. ## Induction n^2 > 2n for n>2 Prove n^2 > 2n for n>2 by induction Check n = 3 9 > 6 Say it is true for n now check for n+1 This is where I am worried that what I'm doing isn't enough proof (n+1)^2 > 2(n+1) n^2+2n+1 > 2n +2 by cancelling n^2 > 1 we know that n > 2 so n^2 is always going to be grea...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/20268/list
## Return to Question Guillemin and Sternberg wrote the following in 1987 in a short article called "Some remarks on I.M. Gelfand's works" accompanying Gelfand's Collected Papers, Volume I: The theory of commutative normed rings [i.e., (complex) Banach algebras], created by Gelfand in the late 1930s, has become today...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/29019/when-a-high-speed-neutrino-just-misses-an-old-neutron-star-why-isnt-it-trapped?answertab=votes
# When a high speed neutrino just misses an old neutron star, why isn't it trapped? Suppose a neutrino is seen travelling so fast that its Lorentz gamma factor is 100,000. It races past an old, no longer active neutron star, narrowly missing it. As far as the neutrino is concerned, it is the NEUTRON STAR that is movin...
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http://www.citizendia.org/Multipath
This article is about the wireless propagation phenomenon. For the computing storage term, see Multipath I/O. In Computer storage, multipath I/O is a fault-tolerance and performance enhancement technique whereby there is more than one physical path between the CPU in a computer In wireless telecommunications, multipat...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/51180/undetstanding-of-vectors-tangent-vectors-tangent-covectors
# undetstanding of Vectors, Tangent Vectors, Tangent Covectors To my limited knowledge, I only know vector as a certain fixed number of real numbers put together. for example $[1,2.3,6.4,0.75]$ is a vector. A vector of dimension $N$ is any of the elements of the set $\mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}\times$...($N$ times).....
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/163406-polar-coordinates-changing-bounds-integration-print.html
# polar coordinates-changing bounds of integration Printable View • November 15th 2010, 11:31 PM isuckatcalc polar coordinates-changing bounds of integration When I change the integral to polar form, how do i adjust the bounds of integration? Do i have to look at the graph of the new function and determine r and thet...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/43860/if-wave-packets-spread-why-dont-objects-disappear?answertab=votes
If wave packets spread, why don't objects disappear? If you have an electron moving in empty space, it will be represented by a wave packet. But packets can spread over time, that is, their width increases, with it's uncertainty in position increasing. Now, if I throw a basketball, why doesn't the basketball's packet ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/18228/irreducible-tensors-concept
# Irreducible tensors concept This might be a little naive question, but I am having difficulty grasping the concept of irreducible tensors. Particularly, why do we decompose tensors into symmetric and anti-symmetric parts? I have not found a justification for this in my readings and would be happy to gain some intuit...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/14508/galois-representations-attached-to-newforms
## Galois representations attached to newforms ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Suppose that $f$ is a weight $k$ newform for $\Gamma_1(N)$ with attached $p$-adic Galois representation $\rho_f$. Denote by $\rho_{f,p}$ the restriction of $\rho_f$ ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/1354/best-example-of-energy-entropy-competition/1359
# Best example of energy-entropy competition? [closed] What are the best examples in practical life of an energy-entropy competition which favors entropy over energy? My initial thought is a clogged drain -- too unlikely for the hair/spaghetti to align itself along the pipe -- but this is probably far from an optimal ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/24861-solids-revolution.html
# Thread: 1. ## Solids of Revolution Could use some help on this one: To make a doughnut for breakfast, rotate about the y-axis the disk bounded by (x-7)^2 + y^2 = 9 , centered at (7,0). Write a definite integral that gives the volume of your breakfast. Evaluate the integral. Thanks! 2. By the Theorem of Pappus, T...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/differentiation+quantum-mechanics
# Tagged Questions 2answers 235 views ### Derivatives of operators How do derivatives of operators work? Do they act on the terms in the derivative or do they just get "added to the tail"? Is there a conceptual way to understand this? For example: say you had the ... 2answers 124 views ### Notation for differential...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/138946/two-homotopy-colimit-questions
# Two Homotopy Colimit Questions I have two questions about homotopy colimits: 1. What can we say about $\operatorname{hocolim}_j\operatorname{colim}_i F(i,j)$? Iterated homotopy colimits commute, but what can we say when the inner one is a regular colimit? In the case I'm looking at, the homotopy colimit is a homoto...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/6890/generalizations-of-the-birkhoff-von-neumann-theorem/98983
## Generalizations of the Birkhoff-von Neumann Theorem ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) The famous Birkhoff-von Neumann theorem asserts that every doubly stochastic matrix can be written as a convex combination of permutation matrices. The ques...
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http://nrich.maths.org/4722
# An Introduction to Differentiation ##### Stage: 4 and 5 Article by Vicky Neale This article is a gentle introduction to differentiation, a tool that we shall use to find gradients of graphs. It is intended for someone with no knowledge of calculus, so should be accessible to a keen GCSE student or a student just b...
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http://scicomp.stackexchange.com/questions/3521/why-does-matlabs-quadprog-outperform-mosek-for-my-problem
# Why does MATLAB's quadprog outperform MOSEK for my problem? For a problem I am trying to solve it appears MOSEK's Quadratic Program solver is 100 times slower than MATLAB's Interior Point solver. Has anyone encountered this behavior in the past, or maybe could guess what sort of problem might cause this behavior? ...
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http://terrytao.wordpress.com/tag/mirror-symmetry/
What’s new Updates on my research and expository papers, discussion of open problems, and other maths-related topics. By Terence Tao # Tag Archive You are currently browsing the tag archive for the ‘mirror symmetry’ tag. ## At the AustMS conference 2 October, 2009 in math.AT, math.GR, math.GT, math.PR, talk, trave...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/4920/second-derivatives-using-implicit-differentiation
# Second Derivatives Using Implicit Differentiation According to my textbook, the second derivative of $y^{2}+xy-x^{2}=9$ is $\frac{90}{(2y+x)^{3}}$. The problem states "Express $\frac{d^{2}y}{dx^{2}}$ in terms of $x$ and $y$." I've tried for two days straight now, and I can't get that answer. I am convinced the book ...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_hierarchy
# Arithmetical hierarchy (Redirected from Arithmetic hierarchy) In mathematical logic, the arithmetical hierarchy, arithmetic hierarchy or Kleene-Mostowski hierarchy classifies certain sets based on the complexity of formulas that define them. Any set that receives a classification is called arithmetical. The arithm...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/35514?sort=votes
## Pair of curves joining opposite corners of a square must intersect---proof? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Reposting something I posted a while back to Google Groups. In his 'Ordinary Differential Equations' (sec. 1.2) V.I. Arnold says ".....
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/electronics+electric-circuits
# Tagged Questions 1answer 43 views ### When does Thevenin's theorem not apply (modelling a power source with a ohmic internal resistance) Most physics text books say that a power source can be modelled as an EMF with a internal resistance. This is also know as Thevenin's theorem or Norton's theorem. However I have ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/232326/graph-theory-clique-concepts?answertab=oldest
# Graph Theory: Clique concepts I was trying to solve a basic clique problem but i have stucked at some following points: • `what is is the minimum size of the largest clique in any graph with N nodes and M edges` • `To Find the largest clique in a graph` Please tell me difference between above two statement in the...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/72039?sort=votes
Stieltjes Transform of $F^{*}PF$ as a function of the Stieltjes Transform of $P$ where $F$ is drawn from an $n \times n$ Gaussian-like random matrix distribution Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I am trying to calculate the Stieltjes Transform of $F...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/61059/what-are-the-lengths-that-can-be-constructed-with-straightedge-but-without-compas
## What are the lengths that can be constructed with straightedge but without compass? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Most field theory textbooks will describe the field of constructible numbers, i.e. complex numbers corresponding to points in...
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