text stringlengths 12 4.76M | timestamp stringlengths 26 26 | url stringlengths 32 32 |
|---|---|---|
Q:
Reading a list of integer in a single input line in C++
I'm trying to read multiple integers from a single input line into an array
eg. Input: 100 200 300 400, so the array is: a[0] = 100, a[1] = 200, a[2] = 300, a[3] = 400
The thing is, the number of integers are unknown, so the size of the array is unknown.
A:
You should use a container that automatically resizes itself, such as std::vector.
For example, something like this:
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <utility>
#include <iterator>
std::string line;
getline(instream, line);
std::istringstream this_line(line);
std::istream_iterator<int> begin(this_line), end;
std::vector<int> values(begin, end);
A:
You could use std::vector for this:
std::vector<int> myVector;
std::string line;
std::getline(std::cin, line);
std::istringstream os(line);
int i;
while(os >> i)
myVector.push_back(i);
This code requires following includes: <iostream>, <string>, <sstream> and <vector>.
| 2023-08-25T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/1254 |
Tuesday, September 16, 2014
Hola everyone, this has been a crazy week! Sometimes the days feel just really, really slow but I love sharing the Gospel. One of our biggest challenges in Choqui has been finding investigators that want to progress. Before I came here I don´t think there had been a progressing investigator in like a month or two, so it was such a blessing this week to find Isaiah. Isaiah is a great kid and he´s been reading out of the Book of Mormon and keeping commitments, good good! Earlier in the week a man named Hector came up to us and said that he wanted to change. We´ve only been able to teach him one lesson but last night we called him and he´s really interested in learning more. One problem though... we don´t know if he´s in our area! We have an area called Patalup, but he lives in Patalup San Bartolo, so we´ll need to figure that out this week.
This week we did a lot of tracting in the mountain, which is really fun even though everyone is spread out. We have to do this because the main area of Choqui is about 100 percent Evangelists. These guys are crazy! They do not want the Gospel at all, no matter how hard we try. It´s funny though, you know who has the biggest, nicest houses and usually a car? The Evangelical pastors. They tell their members to avoid us because they want money, which has been frustrating. Other than that, things here have been pretty good. It´s kind of tough having a latino companion because sometimes you just need to speak English, but I´ve learned a lot more Spanish lately. Oh, and the other day in Church I gave a talk, blessed the sacrament, and taught Priesthood! We may not have a lot of people here in Choqui, but who do you think they send to tough areas? Tough people! I really love something Joseph Smith once said. He said something like, ¨Never be discouraged. If I were sunk in the lowest pits of Nova Scotia, with the Rocky Mountains piled on top of me, I would hang on, exercise faith, and keep up good courage, and I would come out on top.¨ I´m doing my best, the best I can and I´ve learned so much about patience, Christ, and love. The church is true and we have so many blessings. God loves us. Adios! | 2024-01-14T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/5581 |
Splenule disguised as pancreatic mass: elucidated with SPECT liver-spleen scintigraphy.
Splenules are congenital foci of healthy splenic tissue that are separate from the main body but are structurally identical to the spleen, derived from mesenchymal buds on the left side of the mesogastrium and commonly seen in or near the tail of the pancreas. We report a case of a 58-year-old male who was found to have a pancreatic tail mass on contrast-enhanced abdominal CT, which was similarly disguised as a pancreatic tail mass on both magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and abdominal MRI. A liver spleen scintigraph with Tc sulfur colloid later proved the mass to be a splenule. | 2024-04-26T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/1667 |
This invention relates generally to techniques for securing heat sinks to processors.
Conventionally, a processor is mounted in a socket on a motherboard such as a printed circuit board including a plurality of integrated circuits secured thereto. The integrated circuits may be electrically coupled by conductive lines printed on the circuit board. Heat dissipation affects the operation of the processor and thus it is desirable to have a highly effective and relatively compact heat sink for the processor.
Commonly clips are provided on the socket for the processor. Straps that connect to those clips are used to clamp a heat sink over the processor contained in the socket. This technique provides a firm spring attachment between the heat sink and the processor and is effective in dissipating heat from the processor.
However many available sockets do not include the clips for spring strapping the heat sink onto the socket. While it would be desired to use a spring clip strapping technique, there is no way to attach the strap so as to secure the heat sink over the processor.
Thus there is a need for a way to spring strap heat sinks onto processors secured in sockets without strap attaching clips. | 2024-03-14T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4816 |
# ping
> Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.
- Ping host:
`ping {{host}}`
- Ping a host only a specific number of times:
`ping -c {{count}} {{host}}`
- Ping host, specifying the interval in seconds between requests (default is 1 second):
`ping -i {{seconds}} {{host}}`
- Ping host without trying to lookup symbolic names for addresses:
`ping -n {{host}}`
- Ping host and ring the bell when a packet is received (if your terminal supports it):
`ping -a {{host}}`
- Also display a message if no response was received:
`ping -O {{host}}`
| 2023-08-15T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/2139 |
using Paillave.Etl.Reactive.Core;
using Paillave.Etl.Reactive.Disposables;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace Paillave.Etl.Reactive.Operators
{
public class AggregateSubject<TIn, TAggr, TKey, TOut> : PushSubject<TOut>
{
private CollectionDisposableManager _disposable = new CollectionDisposableManager();
private readonly Func<TIn, TKey, TAggr, TOut> _resultSelector;
private IDisposable _subscription;
private bool _isAggrDisposable = false;
private Dictionary<TKey, DicoAggregateElement<TIn, TAggr>> _dictionary = new Dictionary<TKey, DicoAggregateElement<TIn, TAggr>>();
private object _lockSync = new object();
public AggregateSubject(IPushObservable<TIn> observable, Func<TAggr, TIn, TAggr> reducer, Func<TIn, TKey> getKey, Func<TIn, TAggr> createInitialValue, Func<TIn, TKey, TAggr, TOut> resultSelector)
{
_resultSelector = resultSelector;
_isAggrDisposable = typeof(IDisposable).IsAssignableFrom(typeof(TAggr));
_subscription = observable.Subscribe(i =>
{
lock (_lockSync)
{
TKey key = getKey(i);
if (key != null)
{
if (!_dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out DicoAggregateElement<TIn, TAggr> aggr))
{
aggr = new DicoAggregateElement<TIn, TAggr> { CurrentAggregation = createInitialValue(i), InValue = i };
//aggr.CurrentAggregation = createInitialValue(i);
_dictionary[key] = aggr;
if (_isAggrDisposable) _disposable.Set(aggr as IDisposable);
}
aggr.CurrentAggregation = reducer(aggr.CurrentAggregation, i);
_dictionary[key] = aggr;
}
}
}, this.HandleComplete, this.PushException);
}
private void HandleComplete()
{
lock (_lockSync)
{
foreach (var item in _dictionary)
PushValue(_resultSelector(item.Value.InValue, item.Key, item.Value.CurrentAggregation));
_disposable.Dispose();
base.Complete();
}
}
public override void Dispose()
{
base.Dispose();
_disposable.Dispose();
_subscription.Dispose();
}
}
public class DicoAggregateElement<TIn, TAggr>
{
public TIn InValue { get; set; }
public TAggr CurrentAggregation { get; set; }
}
public static partial class ObservableExtensions
{
public static IPushObservable<TOut> Aggregate<TIn, TAggr, TKey, TOut>(this IPushObservable<TIn> observable, Func<TIn, TAggr> createInitialAggregation, Func<TIn, TKey> getKey, Func<TAggr, TIn, TAggr> reducer, Func<TIn, TKey, TAggr, TOut> resultSelector)
{
return new AggregateSubject<TIn, TAggr, TKey, TOut>(observable, reducer, getKey, createInitialAggregation, resultSelector);
}
}
}
| 2024-04-18T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/8288 |
I'm not a militant atheist. I've always been grateful that I was raised by a good Christian woman; one who believed in kindness, and giving, and generally not being a judgemental homophobic arsehole. Those people's voices are largely missing from our religious discourse, and it's good to be able to remember they exist.
I went to church, and to Sunday School, for years. From the age of about eight, though, I was quite conscious that the other people there were getting something out of the experience that I simply wasn't. There was something going on that I palpably stood outside of. The only things I really enjoyed about church were the singing (I have a sneaking suspicion the thing my mother most liked about Protestantism was being allowed to sing) and getting to dress up in my church clothes. Asked about them recently, I realised for the first time that my favourite church clothes involved a miniskirt and knee-high cowboy boots. Perhaps it was always too late for me.
I'm not a militant atheist – except when it comes to kids.
I didn't exactly agonise over which primary school to send our kids to. We were poor, they walked, it was the closest school. I was pleased, though, that it wasn't a school that had a Bible class.
I'm going to call it Bible class, by the way. I'm not going to call it religious instruction or religious education. It's not education, and it's not about religion. In New Zealand, the "religious" instruction that takes place in schools is entirely and exclusively Christian. Its sole purpose is indoctrination. There is a place for teaching comparative religion and looking at the role of religion in society. It's in social studies, in school time, taught by proper teachers. Unlike many Bible classes, it in no way involves telling small children that they're going to Hell.
Legally, theoretically, Bible class cannot take place in New Zealand state schools. Yet practically, it clearly does. The school must, legally, be closed when Bible class takes place, but children who don't participate cannot leave the school, as they would be able to if it was closed. Over a year, Bible class adds up to about a week of class time that non-participating children aren't getting. About a week in conditions that in most schools are identical to those for children in detention.
The Ministry of Education's response to cases taken before the Human Rights Commission this year – by parents, backed by the Secular Education Network – has been that having Bible class in school is necessary to give parents choice. If non-Christian parents don't like it, they have the option to send their kids to a different school.
I just want to take a moment to dwell on the astonishing arrogance and privilege of that view. "Just" take your kids to a different school. Easy. Especially if you live in eastern Christchurch. We have so many schools we had to get rid of a whole bunch. And if you live in the country... Something. Boarding school. Fuck knows.
Thing is, there is no choice easier to make than to give your kids a Christian education. There are no special Atheist Schools, but maybe if your school doesn't offer Bible class, you could send them to one of the special ones that does? Or, if it's that important that they get educated in Christian "values", you could take them to church. They could go to Sunday School. You could teach them at home. A secular state school is never any parent's only option for a Christian education. It is an atheist parent's only choice for secular education, though.
Some parties have actually made statements about their position on Bible class in state schools. Labour, the Greens and New Zealand First (!) oppose it. National thinks you should just drive Tristan and Felicity to a different school.
A survey of schools carried out last year made for terrifying reading:
Just over 800 state schools are believed to be running religious instruction classes. 578 schools responding to the survey confirmed the existence of lessons run outside of the New Zealand Curriculum, and inside school hours. Further, 92 schools are not currently teaching any science subjects, despite being obligated to do so by the New Zealand Curriculum, and 159 are not teaching evolution in their classes.
Out of 1833 schools that actually replied to the OIA, 251 are not teaching evolution. What the ever-loving Fuck.
This is part of the reason I'm opposed to Destiny Church's school becoming state-integrated. Should be a good idea: they'll have to teach the curriculum, and there'll be more oversight and supervision. 92 schools, not teaching science. Oversight's working like a charm there, right?
Religion in state-integrated schools? I like to consider that idea in the framework of a magical world where we have an entrenched Bill of Rights that's superior to other legislation, and no school's special character can contravene it. No teaching discrimination, no matter how fervently you believe it.
Unlike SEN, however, I'm not opposed to any Bible class in state schools. What I want is for the existing law to be enforced properly and in a way that makes sense and doesn't actually privilege one religious position above all others. Bible class can be available, but it must be:
- opt-in, not opt-out. Australian experience shows that this will cause a massive drop in participation.
- actually outside of normal school hours. Like any other club or activity, it can take place before or after school or at lunchtime, but those who participate will be giving up their free time to do so.
Nobody's choice will be taken away. In fact, by removing the coercive choice of Bible class being opt-out, and children who are opted out being ostracised, there'll be more choice than there was before. The school can still reflect the nature of its community – all of it, not just the loudest voices. Everybody wins!
Knock off that fucking 'hymns in assembly' shit, though. | 2024-07-21T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/9229 |
In fact, 33% of AAFPRS members noticed an increase in Hispanic patients in 2012, accounting for a 12% overall increase since the previous year. Rhinoplasty far and away topped the list of their most requested procedures (65%), with facelifts and blepharoplasty coming in second and third, respectively. | 2024-04-09T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/9334 |
Pandas deliver Toronto Zoo attendance bump
Da Mao, a four-year-old male panda chews bamboo in front of massive crowds, at the Toronto Zoo during the first day of public viewing for a pair of giant pandas on Saturday, May 18, 2013. (Veronica Henri/Toronto Sun)
The Giant Pandas are giving a boost to the Toronto Zoo’s attendance numbers.
Zoo officials say attendance was up in May — the first month the pandas were out and about for the public to see.
According to an attendance update that went to the zoo board Thursday, there were 188,782 visitors in May — around 10% higher than buegeted and 8.7% higher than in May 2012.
Staff attributed that bump in attendance to the debut of pandas Er Shun and Da Mao over the Victoria Day long weekend.
The holiday weekend saw 56,803 people attend the zoo over the three days — that’s 57.8% higher than the zoo had expected to attend that weekend.
Zoo CEO John Tracogna said the attendance numbers are encouraging so far.
“Those that have been out to see the exhibit, I think you’ll agree that it’s an exciting exhibit,” Tracogna said. “The pandas are exciting to see and also delivering a number of conservation messages ... that we want to deliver.”
While the zoo is hoping the pandas will mate during their stay in Canada, officials aren’t aware of any cubs on the way — yet.
“We’re working on it,” Tracogna said.
Joe Torzsok, zoo board chairman, said he’s happy with the turnout to see the pandas.
“But we can’t rest on our laurels because we still have a bunch of the summer left to go and we have the fall to go,” he said. “We’ve got to keep the push on … but yeah, they’re clearly a big hit with everybody in the region and they’re a big hit with tourists as well who are coming to Toronto to see them.”
The panda pair are expected to spend the next five years at the Toronto Zoo before heading off to Calgary for five years there.
Pandas deliver Toronto Zoo attendance bump
The Giant Pandas are giving a boost to the Toronto Zoo’s attendance numbers.
Zoo officials say attendance was up in May — the first month the pandas were out and about for the public to see.
According to an attendance update that went to the zoo board Thursday, there were 188,782 visitors in May — around 10% higher than buegeted and 8.7% higher than in May 2012.
Staff attributed that bump in attendance to the debut of pandas Er Shun and Da Mao over the Victoria Day long weekend.
The holiday weekend saw 56,803 people attend the zoo over the three days — that’s 57.8% higher than the zoo had expected to attend that weekend.
Zoo CEO John Tracogna said the attendance numbers are encouraging so far.
“Those that have been out to see the exhibit, I think you’ll agree that it’s an exciting exhibit,” Tracogna said. “The pandas are exciting to see and also delivering a number of conservation messages ... that we want to deliver.” | 2023-09-16T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/8914 |
Q:
How to choose value from an option list using PyQt4.QtWebKit
I'm trying to auto-select a birthday from an option list on my website by using PyQt4.QtWebKit, but I'm having trouble doing this.
When I want to select a radio button I do this:
doc = webview.page().mainFrame().documentElement()
g = doc.findFirst("input[id=gender]")
g.setAttribute("checked", "true")
Or set some text input:
doc = webview.page().mainFrame().documentElement()
s = doc.findFirst("input[id=say_something]")
s.setAttribute("value", "Say Hello To My Little Friends")
But how do I select a month from this option list?
<select tabindex="11" name="birthday_m">
<option value="">---</option>
<option value="1">JAN</option>
<option value="2">FEB</option>
<option value="3">MAR</option>
</select>
A:
The QWebKit classes use CSS2 selector syntax to find elements.
So the required option could be found like this:
doc = webview.page().mainFrame().documentElement()
option = doc.findFirst('select[name="birthday_m"] > option[value="3"]')
and then the selected attribute can be set on the option element like this:
option.setAttribute('selected', 'true')
However, for some reason, this does not immediately update the page (and nor does calling webview.reload()).
So if you need an immediate update, a better way might be to get the select element:
doc = webview.page().mainFrame().documentElement()
select = doc.findFirst('select[name="birthday_m"]')
and then set the selected option like so:
select.evaluateJavaScript('this.selectedIndex = 3')
| 2024-03-30T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4282 |
Q:
Capture value from function
I'm having trouble while trying to store the output of the function below, basically I'm trying to create a maths quiz which asks randomized basic math questions and then gives the ability to answer those questions while checking whether they are correct and was wondering if anyone was able to help me out with the code or provide me insight into what I need to learn in order to complete it.
Here is what I have so far:
print ("Hello to the maths quiz, what is your name?")
name = input()
from random import choice,randint
def rand_task1mathquiz():
a,b = randint(0,10),randint(0,10)
random_operations = choice(["+","-","/","*"])
print("{0} {1} {2}".format(a,random_operations,b))
if __name__ == "__main__":
for x in range(10):
rand_task1mathquiz()
A:
The general pattern you are looking for is the return statement. When you want to capture the return value of a function, typically, you'd assign the function's result to a variable, just as you assign static values to variables, except for the () on the right-hand side which makes it into a function call to be evaluted, rather than a reference to the function object.
Notice also how you were already doing this with the return values from the library functions randint(), choice(), range(), etc.
def rand_task1mathquiz():
a,b = randint(0,10),randint(0,10)
random_operations = choice(["+","-","/","*"])
return("{0} {1} {2}".format(a,random_operations,b))
if __name__ == "__main__":
for x in range(10):
quiz = rand_task1mathquiz()
print quiz
# Probably evaluate the returned value somehow, compare to user input
The changed division of labor here is also worth noting -- the function returns a value, and the caller prints it. A useful function can run on its own, with no user interaction; input/output functionality should be kept separate from program logic as far as possible.
If you want to create a list of questions, that's easy now, too:
questions = list()
for x in range(10):
questions.append(rand_task1mathquiz())
# Now do something with questions
or equivalently, but somewhat less readably, using a list comprehension:
questions = [rand_task1mathquiz() for _ in range(10)]
A further improvement might be to have the function return both the question and the answer; it makes sense to keep them both close together in the program code.
def rand_task():
a,b = randint(0,10), randint(0, 10)
ops = {'+': int.__add__, '-': int.__sub__,
'/': int.__truediv__, '*': int.__mul__}
random_operation = choice(list(ops.keys()))
# Should still guard against op='/' with b==0
return ops[random_operation](a, b), \
'{0} {1} {2}'.format(a, random_operation, b)
... though using __add__ and friends is probably too tricky to properly understand just yet. It certainly beats eval in terms of security, so perhaps you should try it.
| 2024-04-22T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/6307 |
Q:
How to prove $A=(A\setminus B)\cup (A\cap B)$
How to prove $A=(A\setminus B)\cup (A\cap B)$. I have seen this problem and the solution is clear to me. Initially I was satisfied by my prove but now I think it is wrong.
How I have proved
$$(A\cup B)=(A\setminus B)\cup(A\cap B)\cup(B\setminus A)\\
(A\cup B)\cap A=[(A\setminus B)\cup(A\cap B)\cup(B\setminus A)]\cap A=[(A\setminus B)\cap A]\cup[(A\cap B)\cap A]\cup[(B\setminus A)\cap A]\\
A=(A\setminus B)\cup(A\cap B)\cup\phi=(A\setminus B)\cup(A\cap B)$$
Have I proved it correctly. If yes then how? I mean that I have used $A=(A\setminus B)\cup (A\cap B)$ and $B=(B\setminus A)\cup (A\cap B)$ to get the $(A\cup B)=(A\setminus B)\cup(A\cap B)\cup(B\setminus A)$ and then I'm using it to prove $A=(A\setminus B)\cup (A\cap B)$. This means that I'm using a statement to prove itself!
Kindly help me.
A:
Assume that if $x \in (A \setminus B) \cup (A \cap B)$
$\Leftrightarrow x \in (A \setminus B) \lor x \in (A \cap B)$
$\Leftrightarrow (x \in A \land x \in B^{\complement}) \lor (x \in A \land x \in B)$
$\Leftrightarrow (x \in A) \land (x \in B \lor x \in B^{\complement})$
$\Leftrightarrow (x \in A) \land (x \in U)$
$\Leftrightarrow x \in A$
A:
Your proof is not correct. If you start by assuming what you are trying to prove, then whatever follows doesn't prove anything.
The question you linked has several correct proofs, if you want to see the right way to go about proving this. (I just added an answer to that question proving the claim directly using the algebra of sets, which might be the kind of proof you're looking for.)
| 2023-10-23T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4877 |
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a sheet aligning mechanism that aligns sheets discharged into a tray, a stacker that includes the sheet aligning mechanism and sequentially stacks sheets discharged from a sheet discharging unit into an elevatable shift tray, an image forming apparatus and an image forming system including the stacker.
2. Description of the Related Art
Some image forming apparatuses, such as a copier and a printer, is provided with a stacker, which is a type of post-processing apparatus, that stacks a large number of sheets of ordinary paper or the like discharged from the image forming apparatus into an elevatable shift tray.
Some type of the stacker includes a sheet aligning mechanism that aligns sheets stacked on the shift tray in a sheet width direction (direction perpendicular to a sheet discharge direction). For example, a stacker that includes a jogger that aligns an outer side in the sheet width direction of sheets and a leading-end stopper that aligns side ends, which are ends in the sheet discharge direction, of the sheets is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2003-312930 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2003-312931.
However, the conventional stacker is disadvantageous in requiring space to prevent, when a sheet is picked up from sheets stacked in a shift tray, the stacked sheets from coming into contact with the jogger and thereby going out of alignment. The space has conventionally been provided only by lowering the shift tray.
To provide the space, it has been necessary to set a relatively large lowering distance for the shift tray, which entails reduction in the number of sheets that can be loaded on the shift tray, upsizing of an apparatus so as not to reduce the number of sheets that can be loaded, or placing a limit on the height of a transport unit arranged above a loading portion of the shift tray. This makes removal of a jammed sheet less easy or requires additional space only for use in the sheet removal rather than sheet stacking. | 2023-10-22T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/1555 |
Currently, when a system or component having passive optical components (e.g., micro-lenses, micro-mirrors, optical filters) is manufactured, the passive optical components are assembled discretely. Similarly, passive electrical components (e.g., interconnects, capacitors, inductors) are assembled discretely.
Existing optical system architectures and sub-assemblies for chip-to-chip optical interconnects are made by sequentially assembling several electrical and optical components and subcomponents together. | 2023-08-04T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/9038 |
RuPaul's Drag Race, Season 7 (Uncensored)
RuPaul's Drag Race
Description
RuPaul’s Drag Race returns with a court of Queens so ingenious, a competition so unpredictable and a judges’ panel so packed with talent, you’ll be seeing stars! Think you know this Race? Honey, you have no idea.
Reviews
i don’t know why you gagging?
FAV SEASON
Why Violet?!
I still can't figure out why the chose Violet. However, the season was really good. Katya, Ginger and Pearl are my favorite this time. Can't wait for the new season. C'mon gurlss!
Come thru!
5
By real gato
Violet, Max, and Katya make this season. Not the best season by far. My feeling is that a lot of queens either played it safe or were edited to filth.
Drag Race to dull finish....
1
By JustJCKII
Season 6 was great -- queens with character, personality and talent. Sadly, season 7 harkens back to Season 2. Check out the various reviews and general unhappiness with the outcome and you'll get quite a "read" on 2 and 7. When this season started, I was a bit concerned that few of the queens had that "wow" factor. Those few got eliminated based on inconsistent performance (and Ru's preference). The end of the race's only highlight was Katya winning Miss Congeniality and Bianca's ever-strong stage presence. My recommendation is to save your money and watch a friend's copy if you're interested in seeing this season. I think this may (and probably should be), the last season.
Finale is nowhere to be found
5
By designer for life
It may not be iTunes fault, but it is absolutely shameful that, several days after it aired, the season 7 finale is not available for download. Sickening … NOT!!!
OVERCHARGING ME.
1
By @sassy_jasse
Not only is the finale posted LATELY, they now have the audacity to charge me an EXTRA $2.99 just to view it. I paid $34.99 for the SEASON Pass, not the Every-Episode-EXCEPT-the-FINALE Pass. Stop ripping off your supporters. I'm losing interest in this channel and its shows little by little.
DO NOT WASTE YOUR MONEY ON A SEASON PASS. They want to nickel and dime us? Well then go ahead and bootleg it.
OH MY GOD!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1
By PinkBekka
WHAT THE HELL IS THIS ITUNES?????, I BOUGHT THE WHOLE SEASON PASS AND NOW WE HAVE TO BUY THE FINAL EPISODE SEPRATELY!!!!, WHY CAN'T I DOWNLOAD IT????????, FIX THIS IMMEDIATELY.
Why does it take so long to post?
3
By Kris Soileau
I absolutely love this show, but as a college student who isn’t around cable and not old enough to go to the bars to watch it when it premiers, I rely on these season passes. That said, I don’t get why everything is posted extremely late? Episodes don’t show up until 12:10(+) a.m., which means I have to ignore social media all day after it airs in order to prevent anything being spoiled. I remember having the season pass for Project Runway and Face Off and episodes being available almost immediately after shows aired. Get it together iTunes/Logo!
Update gurl
3
By stignats
What's with the non existence of the finale? Very disappointed. Huge fan of the series, please be timely about releasing the show. | 2024-07-08T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/2026 |
The present invention relates generally to a heat-sensitive recording method, and more particularly to a heat-sensitive thermal recording method applicable to a facsimile apparatus, in which excessive dot density variations appearing when a conventional method is performed can be reduced.
When high speed printing is performed by means of a conventional thermal recording apparatus, the printing dot density is unfavorably varied depending on the time intervals at which image data is printed on record paper. For example, in a case in which a heat-generating element of the thermal recording apparatus, or a so-called thermal head, is thermally driven by recording power pulses at time intervals of 1.8 msec, an image is formed with dots printed on record paper at a prescribed printing dot density. The operating condition of the thermal head in this case is periodically returned from a heated condition to a base temperature level every 10 msec. The printing dot density is determined primarily depending on the thermal energy applied from the thermal head to a color agent or image transfer agent with which an image is thermally recorded on record paper. The greater the thermal energy being applied by the thermal head in a heated condition is, the higher the printing dot density is. Accordingly, the conventional printing apparatus performs a thermal printing at subsequent timings while the operating condition is periodically returned to a base temperature level.
However, in a case in which the above mentioned recording method is performed, it is difficult to keep up with a high speed printing at a printing time period of 2.0 msec or below. When the thermal head performs a printing of subsequent dots on record paper, it still remains in a heated condition and is not returned to a base temperature level.
Some improved thermal recording methods have been proposed in order to eliminate the above mentioned problem. For example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No.55-142675 discloses a heat-sensitive recording device which performs such an improved thermal recording method. In this conventional device, characteristics data of its thermal head defining a relationship between the printing time period and the recording power pulse duration or pulse width is previously stored, and an intended printing dot density is achieved by the printing time period thus stored. The actual printing time period of the thermal head is measured, and the widths of recording power pulses by which the thermal head is thermally driven are selectively determined on the basis of the characteristics data using the measured printing time period. Thus, the thermal head of the conventional apparatus can start printing at the intended printing dot density in its heated condition. Also, the conventional apparatus is operable in a case in which a printing time period intended for the printing is variable. Other improved thermal recording methods have been proposed, and the above mentioned problem is eliminated in those improved methods, for example, by changing the operating condition of the thermal head rapidly from a heated condition to a base temperature level, or by selecting a pulse width in response to the thermal head temperature.
A description will now be given of a relationship between the thermal head temperature and the recording power pulse width in a heat-sensitive recording apparatus. Generally speaking, it is desired that a heat-sensitive recording apparatus can provide an appropriate printing dot density in performing a heat-sensitive recording and no excessive printing density variations are produced. One conceivable method for reducing such undesired printing density variations is that the recording power pulse width Hpw is varied suitably with respect to the thermal head temperature T.
FIG. 2A shows an ideal characteristics chart which indicates a relationship between the thermal head temperature T and the recording power pulse width Hpw. As shown in FIG. 2A, this relationship is represented by two straight lines with different inclinations, the straight lines having an intersecting point appropriately at 20 deg C. In many cases, the characteristics chart indicating the relationship between the temperature T and the pulse width Hpw can be approximated by two such straight lines. An ideal method for eliminating the above mentioned problem is to select accurately a recording power pulse width Hpw on the basis of the characteristics chart as shown in FIG. 2A from the respective thermal head temperatures. However, in practical cases, only a few values of the recording power pulse width Hpw are predetermined for the respective temperatures T in the applicable temperature range (the range between 5 deg C and 60 deg C, for example), and a staircase-like chart formed with vertical and horizontal straight lines shown in FIG. 2B which can be approximate to the ideal characteristics chart shown in FIG. 2A is applied.
FIG. 3 shows a heat-generating portion of a heat-sensitive recording system. In FIG. 3, an 8-bit counter 31, a Schmitt input 32 and an open drain output 33 are provided for measuring a resistance value of a thermistor 34. The thermistor 34 is usually provided within a thermal head as the heat-generating element, and a resistor 35 with a resistance Ro is connected in parallel to the thermistor 34. The thermal head temperature T is determined from a resistance value of the thermistor which is measured with the 8-bit counter 31, and, from the thermal head temperature T thus determined, the recording power pulse width Hpw is selected o the basis of the characteristics chart. In general, the thermistor resistance value Th which can be measured with the 8-bit counter 31 is represented by the following formula: EQU Th.sub.n =Ro exp B (1/Tn-1/To )
In this formula, Th.sub.n is a thermistor resistance value at a thermal head temperature T.sub.n deg C, Ro is the thermistor resistance value at To deg C, B is the thermal sensitivity coefficient, and To is the reference temperature which is, for example, 25 deg C (298.15 K). As is apparent from this formula, the relationship between the thermistor resistance Th and the thermal head temperature T can be shown as a hyperbolic chart.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are hyperbolic charts each indicating the relationship between the thermistor resistance Th.sub.n and the thermal head temperature T.sub.n. FIG. 4A shows a case in which the thermistor resistance values are separated into constant steps Th.sub.n -Th.sub.n-1 =h:constant ). As is apparent from FIG. 4A, steps of the thermal head temperatures T corresponding to the thermistor resistance values Th with constant steps h become greater as the thermal head temperature T becomes higher ( T1<T2<T3< . . . <T.sub.n). Therefore, the relationship between the pulse width Hpw and the temperature T, as shown in FIG. 5, can be explained as follows: in a lower temperature range the pulse width Hpw can be approximate to the ideal case, but, in higher temperatures, steps of the pulse width Hpw become 1 excessively great, which will produce excessive printing dot density variations in a printed image.
On the other hand, FIG. 4B shows a case in which the thermal head temperatures are separated into constant steps (T.sub.1 -T.sub.n-1 =t:constant). In this case, as shown in FIG. 4B, the changes of the thermistor resistance Th corresponding to the thermal head temperature T with constant steps t become smaller and smaller as the temperature T becomes higher (Th.sub.1 >Th.sub.2 >Th.sub.3 > . . . >Th.sub.n).
Therefore, in practical cases, the changes in the actually measured thermistor resistance Th cannot keep up with the changes in the intended recording power pulse width Hpw, and, consequently, the steps of the pulse width Hpw in a higher temperature range will not become constant, while in a lower temperature range the steps of the pulse width Hpw will be varied very coarsely. Thus, in the case in which the conventional thermal recording apparatus is used, there is a problem in that excessive variations in printing dot density are produced, because the steps of the thermistor resistance value Th actually measured cannot keep up with the steps of the intended recording power pulse width Hpw. | 2023-11-26T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/3217 |
Moroccan cuisine has been influenced by native Berbers, Moors, and Arabic cuisines from the Middle East. Many of the dishes are heavy stews or roasted meats. Popular ingredients are chicken, lamb, olives, apricots, almonds, and semolina. The most popular meat served is lamb. This is usually served in a stew, roasted on spit, or as kebabs. Moroccan lamb is leaner than most lambs served throughout Europe and the Americas. Moroccan Tagine is an exotic stew prepared with meat, vegetable and fruit. Learn how to make/prepare Moroccan Tagine by following this easy recipe. | 2023-11-02T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/1700 |
Isagani Yambot
Isagani M. "Gani" Yambot (November 16, 1934 – March 2, 2012) was a Filipino journalist who served as the publisher of the Philippine Daily Inquirer from 1994 until his death in 2012.
Yambot was born in Tagbilaran City, Bohol, in 1934. Both his parents were teachers: his mother taught science while his father taught English and mathematics. The family moved to Manila, settling in the Tondo district. He studied at the University of the Philippines, where he earned a degree in liberal arts. He earned a fellowship to the Washington Journalism Center. His first job in journalism was at the now closed Manila Times, which he joined in 1953. He remained with the newspaper, covering both Malacañan Palace and the Philippines' Senate. He left the Manila Times, taking a position as a night editor for United Press International (UPI) in 1973. In 1974, Yambot joined the former Times Journal, serving as that newspaper's managing editor from 1983 until 1985.
From 1981-82, Yambot worked as a press attaché for the Philippines' Ambassador to Saudi Arabia, Benjamin Romualdez, in Jeddah. He served as the press attaché for the Embassy of the Philippines in Washington, D.C. from 1985-86. Upon his return to the Philippines from his diplomatic posting in Washington, Yambot joined the Malaya newspaper as its managing editor in 1988.
Yambot became an editor at the Philippine Daily Inquirer in April 1989, remaining at that daily newspaper for the rest of his career. He was named executive editor and, in June 1991, associate publisher. He became publisher of the Daily Inquirer in February 1994. In 1999, major advertisers who supported former Philippine President Joseph Estrada organized a five-month-long boycott of the Philippine Daily Inquirer. Yambot denounced the boycott as politically motivated. He was awarded the Outstanding News Editor award from the College Editors Guild of the Philippines in 1975. He won the Catholic Mass Media Award for Best In-Depth Article in 1994 and the Lakan Award for Outstanding Achievement in Journalism in 1995.
Death
Yambot underwent quadruple bypass surgery in on February 21, 2012. He died of a heart attack on March 2, 2012 in Pasig City aged 77. He was survived by his wife, Mildred, and six children.
References
Category:1934 births
Category:2012 deaths
Category:Filipino newspaper publishers (people)
Category:Filipino newspaper editors
Category:Filipino journalists
Category:University of the Philippines alumni
Category:People from Tagbilaran
Category:People from Tondo, Manila
Category:Philippine Daily Inquirer people | 2024-04-05T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4897 |
In recent years, Raman spectrometry devices, in which spectrometry is performed for Raman scattered light, have been widely used (Patent literature 1). For example, in the evaluation of a manufacturing process for semiconductor devices such as Si, a stress is measured by using a Raman microscope. The stress is obtained based on the peak position(s) of a Raman spectrum. To obtain a stress in the order of 100 MPa, it is necessary to determine the peak position with relatively high accuracy, e.g., accuracy in the order of 0.1 cm−1. In order to determine the peak position without being affected by fluctuations in the room temperature and the like, a method using an argon laser plasma line as a reference light is disclosed (Patent literature 2).
The configuration of Patent literature 2 is explained with reference to FIG. 8, Laser light emitted from a laser light source 201 is expanded by a beam expander 202. Then, the laser light passes through a half mirror 203 and enters an objective lens 204. The objective lens 204 concentrates the laser light on a measurement sample 221. Then, Raman scattered light generated on the measurement sample 221 is incident on the half mirror 203 through the objective lens 204. The half mirror 203 reflects the Raman scattered light toward a lens 205. The lens 205 concentrates the Raman scattered light onto a slit 206 of a spectroscope 207. Then, the Raman scattered light, which has passed through the slit 206, is dispersed by the spectroscope 207 and detected by a CCD detector 208, in this way, it is possible to measure a Raman spectrum. Then, the temperature is obtained based on the peak position of the Raman spectrum.
However, in this method, it is necessary to use a relatively large argon laser, and thus causing a problem that downsizing of the apparatus is very difficult. As another method, a method for obtaining reference light by splitting laser light is disclosed (Patent literature 3). In this method, the peak position is obtained by using a reference light. Further, the method uses shutters that are used to block the exciting light and the reference light respectively. | 2023-10-26T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4131 |
Keeping Up With Kohli To be India's best cricketer is to live with the suffocating, infuriating, frightening trappings of fame. But for Virat Kohli, it's seductive all the same. ESPN THE MAGAZINE by Wright Thompson Erik Madigan Heck for ESPN 05/22/18
This is one of four cover stories to appear in ESPN The Magazine's June 8 World Fame issue. Subscribe today! A riot awaits Virat Kohli once he opens the door of his Range Rover. It's a warm Tuesday in Mumbai, and he seems at ease with the madness swirling around this shopping mall, where crowds wait for him to talk about luxury watches they can't afford. As the captain of the Indian cricket team, he's probably the most famous person in India, which makes him one of the most famous people in the world. He lives a strange life, but like the frog being boiled alive, he doesn't seem to grasp its weirdness. Exhibit A: the unflustered look on his face as he steps out of the car and 50 security guards muscle him through a screaming, swaying, chanting crowd and deposit him in a narrow Tissot watch boutique for an event. People outside push toward the door. Looking at the unbroken wall of bodies, I ask nervously how we will manage to leave this store. For the moment, we are barricaded inside. Kohli doesn't like tight spaces; he is so claustrophobic that he says he must have drowned in one of his past lives. Even in a car, sometimes he'll roll down the window and risk aggressive fan encounters. "Honestly, you can ask the people who have been around me," he says, "if I see two people coming at me with a phone, I panic." He's learned to keep his cool in the unbreakable grip of adoration, which took some time. Like nearly all famous people, he hates being famous. Celebrity photographers stake out the apartment he shares with his wife, Anushka Sharma, one of Bollywood's most successful actresses and producers. He says their individual experiences with handling fame are a "massive, massive" part of their bond; there aren't two dozen people in the world who can understand the calculus of their lives. She's staggeringly beautiful, and he performs best when his team needs him most, both cultural ideals. More ESPN The Magazine The Dominant 20 The One Baseball Has Been Waiting for Pratima's Dream Subscribe to The Mag Together, they are India's ur-couple, their courtship tabloid fodder for years. The two finally got married six months ago in Tuscany and escaped to Finland for a honeymoon. They picked the Lapland capital city of Rovaniemi, 4 miles from the Arctic Circle, about as close to the North Pole as you can go while still enjoying room service. They checked into a snow-topped chalet and in the morning walked through the cold into the center of town. They felt astonished to have this freedom. None of the gossip writers or photographers knew where they were, and the locals didn't care. They went looking for coffee and, "We bumped into three Indians at a coffee shop," Kohli says, laughing. "What are the odds?" He and Anushka asked the three people to not say anything on social media and they agreed. Kohli understood once again that his celebrity was inescapable, and because India is evolving and modernizing in real time all around him, he can actually point to the time when he felt his fame shift the ground beneath him. "It's grown drastically in the last two years," he says. The most likely reason for this upheaval is an Indian billionaire who lives in a private skyscraper. In 2016, Mukesh Ambani launched a cellphone company named Jio. On the day his company launched, only a third of the nation's 1.3 billion people had access to the internet. Then Jio offered free data for six months and cheap data after that. Other companies needed to compete, and prices plummeted. Business writers and foreign correspondents have authored thousands of pages on what happened next, using stats such as the 50 million customers who signed up in the first three months alone. The Facebook growth since the launch of Jio has been remarkable; the company expects to add a projected 77 million users by the end of next year. In a few years, India will have more Facebook users than the United States has citizens. Of course, there's a more visceral way to quantify the revolution. Just ask the most famous man in the country, who is married to one of the most famous women, what happens when nearly a billion people gain access to smartphones and the internet. Imagine Mickey Mantle starting his career with the backslapping writers on the train and ending it with TMZ chasing him through the streets. It's disorienting. Jio accidentally dropped a bomb into Virat Kohli's life. "That is great for a country that is developing," he says, "but as a known person, you get hunted in a way." It's getting hotter in the watch store. Not much air is circulating. Those at the front of the crowd are pressed up against the glass windows: girls wearing caked-on makeup, old men in prayer hats, middle managers in ill-fitting suits, wealthy families, migrant workers, young men too old to be this excited about seeing another grown man. The crowd hums with obvious and uncomfortable religious overtones. All celebrity in India is infused with something powerful and particular to the nation: literal hero worship. Fans build actual shrines to movie stars and politicians. An average of 171 people kill themselves a year in response to the death of an idol, according to a top Indian psychology journal. In 1949, two years after India gained independence, the leader of the movement for the oppressed classes, B.R. Ambedkar, gave a warning about the nation's hardwired desire to turn men into gods, much in the way that Dwight Eisenhower used his final address to spell out the dangers of America's military-industrial complex. A unique threat to Indian democracy and society, Ambedkar argued, was the urge to hero-worship. The word to describe this desire is bhakti, and when a columnist in The Telegraph recently criticized Indian cricket officials for "worshipping" Kohli, he called them bhakts. Volumes have been written about the history of this national trait, and it can be observed whenever the Indian cricket stars go out in public, like this event to sell Tissot watches in a mall. "It's suffocating at times," Kohli says. "On the inside, I'm still a guy from Delhi who used to chill on the streets, and I still crave that. It's a very strange feeling for me." Kohli is at the mall to promote one of his corporate partners. The few granted access to the store wear special credentials around their necks. Mostly, they seem like friends and families of the owners or managers. The drone of crowd noise becomes high-pitched and danger-close whenever the door cracks open to let another member of the chosen inside for an audience. His back to the crowd, Kohli looks at expensive watches. A small group gathers around the counter to hear him talk about three selected pieces. They hold up phones in front of their faces. Kohli can't see much of anything but the screens. The fans wear Truman Show smiles as they film, and Kohli is lumbering through his presentation when he suddenly stops talking. The pause lasts only a second or two but feels longer. He seems lost. The fans don't notice or move their phones. Soon he starts talking again, and when he finishes, they all applaud like they might in a darkened theater-only he's standing 2 feet away with an awkward look on his face. Nobody tries to engage him in conversation. In the past two years, he's successfully figured out that most people aren't interested in meeting him as much as needing his avatar for their curated social media lives. Nearly every moment of his public existence is built on a foundation of structural phoniness. It eats at him. He waits patiently as people take and retake selfies, hunting for the best light. "I'm standing there thinking, 'I thought this was about you being my fan? I thought this was about you wanting to meet me?'" he says. "I don't trust that anymore. I always entertain children because they are so pure in their feeling. If they like me, I can see it on their face. Others? I do not trust because they are only worried about how they look in a picture and if the angle is right because they want likes." In the Tissot store, another group gets ready to take a picture and hear about watches, moving through his orbit in small units. Kohli looks down and for just a moment hides his face with his hands. His manager, Gagan Gujral, correctly reads his boss's mood. "Whoever does not have a badge cannot come!" he says, his voice rising. Gujral and Kohli's head of security usher people out while the store owners find more to bring in. This goes on for a while, one group emptying the store as another fills it. Finally, after the security's cajoling turns to aggression, the room is cleared. It's time to move. Kohli's head of security swings the store door open. The noise hits Kohli in the face. There's a stage in the middle of the mall where he will answer questions for a standing crowd of fans and another preselected group that has been ushered through the police barricades to chairs. Fans lean over the second-floor railing, creating an amphitheater. All those guards form a circle around Kohli and clear a path. His manager and I are inside the circle too. People hold their ground, content to be physically moved. They scream his name. Fans farther away start a chant: VEEEE-rat. VEEEE-rat. Others closer say the word "please" over and over. Some try to hand Kohli hand-drawn pictures of himself, while still more hold up drawings of Kohli and his wife. We are jostled, but nothing breaks the momentum. I'm wide-eyed. About halfway to the stage, near the sign for the Swarovski boutique, Kohli catches his manager's attention and nods back at me, as if to say: The American doesn't know we do this every day. Kohli laughs as we walk through the manic crowd. "On the inside, I'm still a guy from Delhi who used to chill on the streets, and I still crave that," Kohli says. Erik Madigan Heck for ESPN In private he's funny, thoughtful and kind. He deadpans jokes and then peers over to see if you're paying attention. It's a weekday afternoon, and he's got some promotional work to do. A man brings his two children to meet him, and Kohli is great with the kids, coaxing them out of their nerves. We hang out in the back lounge of a tour bus, talking about documentaries he's recently watched and about the lessons he's learned during the past decade. He has been asking himself tough questions, about why he lives such a wonderful life while surrounded by people who do not. "There are many human beings around me that have eyes, ears, legs and hands, and they could be doing the same thing," he says. "Why am I the one who's here? Now I understand I have a larger responsibility toward the team, the nation, the society." The bus is a cool 71.6 degrees. Outside it's about 98. Even behind locked gates on a secure studio lot, young men mill around outside asking "please, please" to meet him. Inside the bus, Kohli is at ease, telling a funny story from the Indian team's recent tour of South Africa: A group of cricketers had eaten lunch near the water outside Cape Town. One of the waiters had shaken Kohli's hand and told him how much he appreciated his game. Kohli was, as usual, gracious. Then another waiter approached with his arm out. Kohli reached to shake his hand. The waiter picked up a dirty plate. Kohli's Indian teammates fell out laughing, digging into him about thinking he's so famous. "These guys went mad," he says, laughing hard himself now. "I felt so embarrassed. He didn't even look at my hand!" The underlying point is clear: Kohli doesn't take himself as seriously as the people who fill up shopping malls. That's been a journey too. He's got a reputation as angry and arrogant because of his behavior as a younger man and because he is often fighting a running battle with the Indian media. (One of his wife's social media bios is Latin slang for "don't let the bastards get you down," which feels like a family motto.) When Kohli first got famous, before becoming the best player in the world five or so years ago, he loved the glamour and celebrity. His game suffered. "I lost my way," he admits. Now sitting on a couch, he draws an imaginary circle on the cushion with his hand. For someone like him, there is always a battle between craft and fame. He works hard at his job, treating it like a gift he was given to nurture and not some birthright; he famously played the day after his father died. In his time at the top of the mountain, he's earned a reputation for playing with fury and aggression, famous for being able to chase down any deficit. That's important to him. The trick, he says, is understanding what is real and what is fake. The biggest part of the circle is his cricket career-he still loves the tiny transcendent moments on the pitch, like the sound a ball makes when it hits the center of the bat-and a much smaller piece is his business obligations and ensuing celebrity. He can't let anything impact his ability to be great at his craft. Few athletes have been given his unique gift of both technical skill and an aggression that inspires his teammates and intimidates their opponents. "I need to be true to this," he says, pointing to the cricket part of the circle. "I just have to ...," and he pauses, searching for the word, "... accommodate the other part." There's a palpable hope in him about the kind of normal world he's protecting inside the machine and circus of his profession. He believes he can have his career and make his endorsement money while maintaining enough control to give his celebrity back once his playing days are finished. That feels like the real battle at the center of Kohli's daily life: his idealism versus a culture obsessed with him as a proxy and not a man. It's literally living in a royal jail. That's what I call our hotel rooms: royal jails. You can't do anything. - Virat Kohli I think back to the first time I saw him and, once again, the story of the boiling frog. Seven years ago, while I waited at the Indian team hotel in Bangalore during the World Cup, he sat basically unbothered in a restaurant, except for a few young fans who waited patiently outside for him to finish eating. He was becoming the star of the team, replacing Sachin Tendulkar as the best player in the world, and only one or two reporters hung out in the lobby. No paparazzi. That was a different time. Now he eats all his meals from room service and sneaks through the staff corridors of hotels. "It's literally living in a royal jail," he says. "That's what I call our hotel rooms: royal jails. You can't do anything. I can't even think of going down to the hotel restaurant to eat. Forget going out of the hotel." After a while, we just talk about modern fame. He's got strong opinions. Because humans evolved to live in tribes and villages, he and I agree that the inability to control a reputation is doing damage to an entire generation of famous people, and there is almost no academic or medical scholarship to decode exactly what that damage looks like. Only two or three serious studies have ever been done about how fame changes someone's psyche, the most thorough published in 1989, long before social media. The studies say that celebrity forces people to objectively see themselves through the eyes of other people and that the human animal is not designed to handle that. Kohli laughs and agrees that his life is some sort of experiment for future generations to study. "If you don't have the ability to handle it," he says, "you're gone." He recently turned 29 and is clinging to his hard-won clarity. "I have realized a lot of things in the past few years since I've been with my wife," he says. "Because she is a very spiritual person and I have sort of drifted on that path as well. Now things are unlocking in a way that is very difficult for me to explain to people. But I understand that I was always meant to do this. If I am meant to do this in every lifetime of mine, I will do it 100 times over. It's a blessing." His is a fragile and idealistic peace. He considers the coming spring and summer. Playing cricket means living in hotel rooms and spending long stretches of time abroad. But with the Indian Premier League just weeks away, he's facing an extended stay in India, longer than he's been here in more than a decade. His peace is most at threat when he's at home. "I'm in India until the end of May," he says. "Three months. That's a long time." The reason he's in this trailer is that he agreed to pose for the story you're reading. It's important to show sponsors he can move the needle in America. Upstairs, his manager pulls me aside to say that Kohli has his own "One8" brand that makes athletic gear, casual wear, underwear and, of course, a men's fragrance. He is the spokesman for at least 16 national and international companies and makes a considerable amount of money from all of these businesses, $19 million annually, according to Forbes. He sells the promise of a different and better life to people exactly like the ones who hound him at shopping malls. Days like today are when his idealism gets tested. Sometimes he zones out, and while he doesn't explain, it seems clear that he disappears to protect or steady the actual person who lives inside the worshipped avatar of Virat Kohli. With a crew of people waiting upstairs, he sits in a chair in front of a mirror. His team is preparing his outside for public, and he's preparing his inside. Should I start with your hair first or with your makeup?" one of them asks. He doesn't answer. "Should I start with your hair or with your makeup?" she asks again. He doesn't answer again. "I'll start with your hair first," she says to herself. The first interviewer starts weaving her way toward cricket. "I know where this is going," Kohli says. Gujral, his manager, steps in and gets combative. He and the reporter argue. The interview finishes, and the reporter wants a picture, handing her magazine to Kohli. Gujral stops them. The magazine has a different brand watch on it. Kohli looks up hopefully when the room clears. "Are we going to the event?" he asks. "No," Gujral says. "We have three more lined up." Kohli audibly deflates. His control is eroding. "Are you serious?" he asks. Everyone comes in and tries to ask about cricket, and every time Gujral steps in. People try to ask non-cricket questions that might end up giving them a cricket answer. "Is there something that gives you happiness?" he's asked. "Every day is a blessing," Kohli says. One interviewer wants to know how he handles the pressure of being captain. "Things are not as complicated as you make them," he says. The interviewer wants spice. "How can I give you any spice when I don't have any spice in my life?" he says. "How do you deal with pressure?" she asks. "I don't feel any pressure really." "1.3 billion watching you and worshipping you?" "I don't feel any pressure," he says. Then, for just a moment, he gets honest. "I can't feel any pressure," he says. "I wouldn't be able to breathe." The interviewer doesn't seem to realize she's been shown the matrix and glibly moves on. Kohli sips Perrier, trying to calm down. "One last question about cricket?" an interviewer asks. "No," Gujral says. "Do you have anything else to talk to him about?" "From the fan's perspective, one last question," the interviewer parries. "What is it?" Gujral asks. "It's about how he's the most followed Indian sports person on social media. And how does it feel to be one of the country's favorite ..." The question peters out; even the reporters are sheepish at the job they've been sent here to do today. Gujral turns to Virat. "Do you want to answer that?" he says. "How does it feel?" Kohli asks. The reporter addresses Kohli directly now, having been spoken to. "You're the most followed sports person on social media right now, so much love from the fans. How does it feel?" "Look," Kohli says finally. "I feel blessed to be where I am." The interview is over. The interviewer asks for a picture too. The next guy says he just has one question. Gujral asks why come to an interview for one question and throws him out. The door shuts. Gujral just shakes his head. "Are we done?" Kohli asks. "Just one last bit," Gujral says. "I'm not answering one question on cricket," Kohli says. "I already told them." Kohli's voice tightens. He wants people to ask him about the expensive watches and his fashion sense or whatever deal his people made in exchange for these hours of his life. That's what he agreed to give away today. "They're not entering the room," he says. Kohli gets into the back seat of the Range Rover. His driver pulls out into the chaos of Mumbai traffic. Gujral sits next to him. His bald security guy sits in the passenger seat next to the driver. People honk horns and weave in and out with no regard to lanes. Kohli looks out the window at the world. He does that a lot, watching people with their briefcases and backpacks, chasing a dream. He loves to see them because that's how he sees himself. That's real to him. Everything else is an illusion. "It's just one lifetime," he says. The white-hot burn of his 30th year is a place to pass through on the way to somewhere else, a moment to survive and appreciate and understand. On some future tomorrow, with luck, he will fade away. "It will end one day," he says. "I have a life. I have a family. I will have kids. They deserve all my time. That is something that is very, very clear and close to my heart. I want no part of my career being flashed into my house. I want no part of my trophies, my achievements, nothing in my house when our kids are growing up." The driver makes a U-turn, headed toward an event where people will push and jockey for a closer view. Kohli is going because that's what global superstars do, because there is money to be made and it's almost irresponsible to those unborn children not to make it. The Range Rover swerves through other cars and passes an enormous billboard with Kohli himself looking out over the city he now calls home. It's an advertisement for Jio, the cellphone company that dropped that bomb into his life. Wright Thompson A senior writer for ESPN.com and ESPN The Magazine, Wright Thompson is a native of Clarksdale, Mississippi; he currently lives in Oxford, Mississippi. Previously, he worked at The Kansas City Star and the New Orleans Times-Picayune. In 2001, he graduated from the University of Missouri School of Journalism. Related Stories An Illusion of Unity Finding Darko First Neymar, now world domination The unthinkable fate of Chapecoense | 2023-11-09T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/9339 |
---
abstract: |
[-0.05cm Heavy neutral Higgs boson production and decay into neutralino and chargino pairs is studied at the Large Hadron Collider in the context of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Higgs boson decays into the heavier neutralino and chargino states, [*i.e.*]{}, $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0\widetilde{\chi}_3^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_2^0\widetilde{\chi}_4^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_3^0\widetilde{\chi}_3^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_3^0\widetilde{\chi}_4^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_4^0\widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ as well as $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_1^{\pm}\widetilde{\chi}_2^{\mp},
\widetilde{\chi}_2^+ \widetilde{\chi}_2^-$ (all leading to four-lepton plus missing transverse energy final states), is found to improve the possibilities of discovering such Higgs states beyond those previously identified by considering $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays only. In particular, $H^0,A^0$ bosons with quite heavy masses, approaching ${\sim}800\, \hbox{GeV}$ in the so-called ‘decoupling region’ where no clear SM signatures for the heavier MSSM Higgs bosons are known to exist, can now be discerned, for suitable but not particularly restrictive configurations of the low energy supersymmetric parameters. The high $M_A$ discovery reach for the $H^0$ and $A^0$ may thus be greatly extended. Full event-generator level simulations, including realistic detector effects and analyses of all significant backgrounds, are performed to delineate the potential $H^0,A^0$ discovery regions. The wedgebox plot technique is also utilized to further analyze the $4 \ell$ plus missing transverse energy signal and background events. This study marks the first thorough and reasonably complete analysis of this important class of MSSM Higgs boson signature modes. In fact, this is the first time discovery regions including all possible neutralino and chargino decay modes of the Higgs bosons have ever been mapped out. ]{}
---
-11 pt 44by .00025 truein .00025 truein 0.75 in 0.75 in 6.6 truein \#1\#2
=\#1
=100000
[TUHEP-TH-07161]{}\
[SCUPHY-07002]{}\
[SHEP-07-12]{}\
[DFTT 40/2009]{}\
[**Four-lepton LHC events from\
MSSM Higgs boson decays\
into neutralino and chargino pairs** ]{}\
[Mike Bisset$^*$, Jun Li]{}\
-0.1cm [*Center for High Energy Physics and Department of Physics,*]{}\
[*Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P.R. China*]{}\
-0.17cm [Nick Kersting$^*$]{}\
-0.1cm [*Physics Department, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 P.R. China*]{}\
-0.17cm [Ran Lu$^*$]{}\
-0.1cm [*Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA*]{}\
-0.17cm [Filip Moortgat$^*$]{}\
-0.1cm [*Department of Physics, CERN, CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland*]{}\
-0.17cm [Stefano Moretti$^{*}$]{}\
-0.1cm [*School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton,*]{}\
[*Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK*]{}\
[and]{}\
[*Dipartimento di Fisica Teorica, Università degli Studi di Torino\
Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy*]{}\
Introduction
============
Among the most investigated extensions of the standard model (SM) are those incorporating supersymmetry (SUSY), and among these the one with the fewest allowable number of new particles and interactions, the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), has certainly received considerable attention. Yet, when prospective signals at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of the new particle states within the MSSM are considered, there is still much that needs clarification. Nothing underscores this more than the MSSM electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) Higgs sector. Included therein is a quintet of Higgs bosons left from the two $SU(2)_{\hbox{\smash{\lower 0.25ex \hbox{${\scriptstyle L}$}}}}$ Higgs doublets after EWSB (see [@guide; @Anatomy2] for more details): a charged pair, $H^\pm$, the neutral $CP$-odd $A^0$ and the neutral $CP$-even $h^0$ and $H^0$ (with $M_h < M_H$). The entire Higgs sector ([*i.e.*]{}, masses and couplings to ordinary matter) can be described at tree-level by only two independent parameters: the mass of one of the five Higgs states ([*e.g.*]{}, $M_A$) and the ratio of the vacuum expectation values of the two Higgs doublets (denoted by $\tan\beta$). These must be augmented to include significant radiative corrections which most notably raise the upper limit on the mass of the light Higgs boson from $M_h \leq M_{Z}$ at tree-level to ${\lsim}~140\, \hbox{GeV}$ ($150\, \hbox{GeV}$) with inclusion of corrections up to two loops and assuming a stop-sector scale of $M_{SUSY} = 1\, \hbox{TeV}$ ($2\, \hbox{TeV}$) and $m_t = (178.0 \pm 4.3)\, \hbox{GeV}$ according to [@HHW_PR], or $\lsim 135\, \hbox{GeV}$ with $m_t = (172.6 \pm 1.4)\, \hbox{GeV}$ by [@Sven2007] (stop mass range not specified). This definite upper bound will allow experimentalists to definitively rule out such a minimal SUSY scenario at the LHC if such a light Higgs state is not observed. Thus, the possible production and decay modes of the $h^0$ state have understandably been investigated in quite some detail [@Anatomy2]. In contrast, the possibilities for the other heavier neutral MSSM Higgs bosons have not been so thoroughly examined. Yet it is crucial that the avenues for discovery of these other MSSM Higgs bosons be well understood since, even if a candidate for $h^0$ discovery is experimentally identified, it may be indistinguishable from a SM Higgs boson (this corresponds to the so-called ‘decoupling region’, with $M_H, M_A \gg 200\, \hbox{GeV}$ and for intermediate to large values of $\tan\beta$ [@Anatomy2; @decouple]). Then the additional identification of heavier Higgs bosons may well be required to establish that there is in fact an extended Higgs sector beyond the single doublet predicted by the SM.
Finding signatures for these heavier MSSM Higgs bosons has proved to be challenging. Unlike the lone Higgs boson of the SM of similar mass, couplings of these MSSM Higgs bosons to SM gauge bosons are either absent at tree level (for $A^0$) or strongly suppressed over much of the allowed parameter space (for $H^0$). Thus, identification of $A^0$ and $H^0$ via their decays into known SM particles relies chiefly on decays of said Higgs bosons into the heaviest fermions available, namely, tau leptons and bottom quarks[^1]. Identification of hadronic decays/jet showers of these third generation fermions may be problematic in the QCD-rich environment of the LHC[^2], so that it is very questionable that the entire parameter space can be covered with just SM-like signatures. Fortunately, in the MSSM there is an alternative: decays of these Higgs bosons into sparticles, in particular the charginos and neutralinos[^3] formed from the EW gauginos and Higgsinos. Higgs boson couplings to certain –ino states may be substantial, and these heavy sparticles may themselves decay — except for $\widetilde{\chi}_1^0$ which is assumed to be the stable lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) — in readily-identifiable ways (such as into leptons) to provide a clean experimental signature.
A number of previous articles [@PRD1; @PRD2; @CMS1; @CSS_FrIt; @HAinv] as well as at least one Ph.D. thesis [@thesis] have focused on the signal potential of the decays of the heavier neutral MSSM Higgs bosons into neutralinos and charginos: $$\begin{aligned}
H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_a^+ \widetilde{\chi}_b^-,
\widetilde{\chi}_i^0 \widetilde{\chi}_j^0 \;\;\;\;\;\;\;
(a,b = 1,2, \;\; i,j = 1,2,3,4).
\label{allproc}\end{aligned}$$ Therein only subsequent –ino decays into leptons (which will be taken to mean electrons and/or muons, $\ell=e,\mu$) were considered, as this is preferable from the standpoint of LHC detection. Since relatively light sleptons can greatly enhance [@EPJC1; @EPJC2; @BaerTata] the branching ratios (BRs) for such decays, the properties of the slepton sector of the MSSM also need to be specified. All of the previous works concentrated almost[^4] exclusively on the decays $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$. In addition, the subsequent neutralino decays $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_1^0 \ell^+ \ell^-$ were typically presumed to proceed via three-body decays with an off-mass-shell intermediate $Z^{0*}$ or slepton, neglecting the possibility of the intermediate $Z^0$ or slepton being on-mass-shell ([@HidThr] and [@KnK] delve in considerable depth into the distinctions between these cases).
In this work[^5], [*all*]{} the decays in (\[allproc\]) are incorporated. In fact, as the presumed mass of a Higgs boson grows, more such decay modes will become accessible. Therefore, if decay channels to the heavier -inos are significant, they may provide signatures for heavier neutral Higgs bosons (with masses well into the aforementioned decoupling region). When heavier –ino states are included, it also becomes easier to construct model spectra with slepton masses lying below those of the heavier –inos. Thus, in this work, intermediate sleptons are allowed to be both on- and off-mass-shell (same for the $Z^{0(*)}$)[^6]. More background channels are also emulated than in previous studies. The Higgs boson production modes considered herein are $gg \rightarrow H^0, A^0$ (gluon-fusion) and $q\bar{q} \rightarrow H^0, A^0$ (quark-fusion). (The second mode is dominated by the case $q=b$.) This work is organized as follows. The next section provides an overview of the MSSM parameter space through calculation of inclusive rates for the relevant production and decay processes contributing to the signal. Sect. 3 then specializes these results to the more restrictive minimal supergravity (mSUGRA) scenario for SUSY breaking. Sect. 4 gives the numerical results for the signal and background processes based upon Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of parton shower (PS) and hadronization as well as detector effects. This includes mapping out discovery regions for the LHC. The recently-introduced ‘wedgebox’ method of [@Cascade], which is reminiscent of the time-honored Dalitz plot technique, is utilized in Sect. 5 to extract information about the –ino mass spectra and the –ino couplings to the Higgs bosons. Finally, the last section presents conclusions which can be drawn from this study.
MSSM parameter space
====================
As noted above, $M_A$ and $\tan\beta$ may be chosen as the MSSM inputs characterizing the MSSM Higgs bosons’ decays into SM particles[^7]. But when Higgs boson decays to –inos are included, new MSSM inputs specifying the –ino sector also become crucial. To identify the latter, the already mentioned Higgs/Higgsino mixing mass, $\mu$, and the SUSY-breaking $SU(2)_{\hbox{\smash{\lower 0.25ex \hbox{${\scriptstyle L}$}}}}$ gaugino mass, $M_{2}$, in addition to $\tan\beta$, are required. The SUSY-breaking $U(1)_{\hbox{\smash{\lower 0.25ex \hbox{${\scriptstyle Y}$}}}}$ gaugino mass, $M_{1}$, is assumed to be determined from $M_{2}$ via gaugino unification ([*i.e.*]{}, $M_{1} = \frac{5}{3}\tan^2\theta_W M_{2}$). This will fix the tree-level –ino masses (to which the radiative corrections are quite modest) along with their couplings to the Higgs bosons.
Inputs (assumed to be flavor-diagonal) from the slepton sector are the left and right soft slepton masses for each of the three generations (selectrons, smuons, and staus) and the trilinear ‘$A$-terms’ which come attached to Yukawa factors and thus only $A_{\tau}$ has a potential impact. [*A priori*]{}, all six left and right mass inputs (and $A_{\tau}$) are independent. However, in most models currently advocated, one has $m_{\widetilde{e}_R} \simeq m_{\widetilde{\mu}_R}$ and $m_{\widetilde{e}_L} \simeq m_{\widetilde{\mu}_L}$. Herein these equalities are assumed to hold.
Experimental limits
-------------------
To maximize leptonic –ino BR enhancement, sleptons should be made as light as possible. But direct searches at LEP [@W1LEP2; @HiggsLEP2] place significant limits on slepton masses: $m_{\widetilde{e}_1} \ge 99.0\, \hbox{GeV}$, $m_{\widetilde{\mu}_1} \ge 91.0\, \hbox{GeV}$, $m_{\widetilde{\tau}_1} \ge 85.0\, \hbox{GeV}$ (these assume that the slepton is not nearly-degenerate with the LSP) and $m_{\widetilde{\nu}} \ge 43.7\, \hbox{GeV}$ (from studies at the $Z^0$ pole). Furthermore, the sneutrino masses are closely tied to the left soft mass inputs, and, to avoid extra controversial assumptions, only regions of the MSSM parameter space where the LSP is the lightest neutralino rather than a sneutrino will be considered[^8]. To optimize the –ino leptonic BRs without running afoul of the LEP limits, it is best[^9] to set $m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle R}}
= m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle L}}$. If all three generations have the same soft inputs (with $A_\tau =A_\ell = 0$), then the slepton sector is effectively reduced to one optimal input value (defined as $m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle soft}}
\, \equiv m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle L,R}}$). However, since –ino decays into tau-leptons are generally not anywhere near as beneficial as those into electrons or muons, it would be even better if the stau inputs were significantly above those of the first two generations. This would enhance the –inos’ BRs into electrons and muons. In the general MSSM, one is of course free to choose the inputs as such. Doing so would also weaken restrictions from LEP, especially for high values of $\tan\beta$. Fig. 1 in [@EPJC2] shows values for this optimal slepton mass over the $M_2$–$\mu$ plane relevant to the –ino sector for $\tan\beta = 10,20$. Setting the soft stau mass inputs $100\, \hbox{GeV}$ above those of the other soft slepton masses, as will often be done herein, complies with current experimental constraints and moderately enhances the signal rates [@LesHouches2003].
The signal inclusive cross sections
-----------------------------------
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 show the LHC rates (in fb) for $\sigma(pp \rightarrow H^0)$ $\times$ BR$(H^0 \rightarrow 4\ell N)$ $+$ $\sigma(pp \rightarrow A^0)$ $\times$ BR$(A^0 \rightarrow 4\ell N)$, where $N$ is any number (including zero) of invisible neutral particles (in the MSSM these are either neutrinos or $\widetilde{\chi}_1^0$ LSPs) obtained for $\tan\beta = 5$, $10$, and $20$, respectively[^10]. (Hereafter this sum of processes will be abbreviated by $\sigma(pp \rightarrow H^0,A^0)$ $\times$ BR$(H^0,A^0 \rightarrow 4\ell N)$.) Each figure gives separate scans of the $\mu$ [*vs.*]{} $M_2$ plane most relevant to the –ino sector for (from top to bottom) $M_A = 400$, $500$, and $600\, \hbox{GeV}$ — covering the range of Higgs boson masses of greatest interest [@LesHouches2003]. This is in the region of the MSSM parameter space where observation of $h^0$ alone may be insufficient to distinguish the MSSM Higgs sector from the SM case ([*i.e.*]{}, the decoupling region). The darkened zones seen around the lower, inner corner of each plot are the regions excluded by the experimental results from LEP.
First observe that these ‘raw’ or ‘inclusive’ ([*i.e.*]{}, before applying selection cuts to the basic event-type) rates may be sufficiently large. For an integrated luminosity of $100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$, the peak raw event number is around 4000(1700) events for $M_A = 400$($600$) GeV and $\tan\beta=20$, irrespective of the sign of $\mu$. Also observe that low values of $| \mu |$ and $M_2$ yield the highest signal rates, though significant event numbers are also found when one but not the other of these parameters is increased (especially $| \mu |$; rates do fall rapidly when $M_2$ increases much beyond $500\, \hbox{GeV}$). These numbers are substantial (especially at high $\tan\beta$) and, if experimental efficiencies are good, they may facilitate a much more accurate determination of some masses or at least mass differences in the -ino spectrum as well as the Higgs-ino mass differences than those achieved in previous studies based solely on $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays.
Note the color coding of the three figures depicting what percentage of the signal events are coming from Higgs boson decays to $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$: $> 90$% in the red zones, from $90$% down to $50$% in the yellow zones, from $50$% to $10$% in the blue zones, and $< 10$% in uncolored regions. If the events are not coming from $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$, then they are almost always from Higgs boson decays including heavier neutralinos, [*i.e.*]{}, $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_3^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_3^0 \widetilde{\chi}_3^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_3^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_4^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ (possibly also with contributions from $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_1^{\pm} \widetilde{\chi}_2^{\mp},
\widetilde{\chi}_2^+ \widetilde{\chi}_2^- $ which are also taken into account here). Also note that the main source of events at the optimal location in the –ino parameter space shifts from $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ to heavier –ino pairs as $M_A$ grows from $400$ to $600\, \hbox{GeV}$. Irrespective of the heavier Higgs boson masses, Higgs boson decays to $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ are the dominant source of signal events in regions with low $M_2$ values and moderate to high values of $| \mu |$. But for low to moderate $M_2$ values and low values of $| \mu |$, the dominant source of signal events shifts to the previously-neglected decays into the heavier –inos. Thus, inclusion of these neglected modes opens up an entirely new sector of the MSSM parameter space for exploration. Furthermore, the parameter space locations with the maximum number of signal events also shifts to these new sectors as the masses of the Higgs bosons rise. Therefore, the regions in MSSM parameter space wherein $\sigma(pp \rightarrow H^0,A^0)$ $\times$ BR$(H^0,A^0 \rightarrow 4\ell N)$ processes can be utilized in the search for the heavier MSSM Higgs bosons will certainly expand substantially with inclusion of these additional decay channels.
The rates illustrated in Figs. 1–3 incorporate indirect decay modes. That is, if the Higgs boson decays into a pair of neutralinos, and then one or both of these ‘primary’ neutralinos decay into other neutralinos (or other sparticles or the light Higgs boson or both on- and off-mass-shell SM gauge bosons) which in turn give rise to leptons ([*with no additional colored daughter particles*]{}), then the contribution from such a decay chain is taken into account. This remains true no matter how many decays there are in the chain between the primary –ino and the $4\ell N$ final state, the only restrictions being that each decay in the chain must be a tree-level decay with at most one virtual intermediate state (so $1$ to $3$ decay processes are included but not $1$ to $4$ decays, [*etc.*]{}). (As already intimated, the intermediate state is expected to be an on- or off-mass-shell SM gauge boson or slepton, charged or neutral.) The decay modes omitted due to these restrictions are never expected to be significant. Thus, effectively all tree-level decay chains allowable within the MSSM have been taken into account. Potential contributions from literally thousands of possible decay chains are evaluated and added to the results.
Inspection of Figs. 1–3 supports selection of the following representative points in the MSSM parameter space to be employed repeatedly in this work. These are: 0.6cm [**Point 1**]{}. $M_A = 500\, \hbox{GeV}$, $\tan\beta = 20$, $M_1 = 90\, \hbox{GeV}$, $M_2 = 180\, \hbox{GeV}$, $\mu$ = $-500\, \hbox{GeV}$, $m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{soft}} =
m_{\widetilde{\tau}_{soft}} = 250\, \hbox{GeV}$, $m_{\widetilde{g}} = m_{\widetilde{q}} = 1000\, \hbox{GeV}$. 0.45cm [**Point 2**]{}. $M_{A} = 600\, \hbox{GeV}$ $\tan\beta = 35$, $M_1 = 100\, \hbox{GeV}$ $M_2 = 200\, \hbox{GeV}$ $\mu = -200\, \hbox{GeV}$, $m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{soft}} = 150\, \hbox{GeV}$, $m_{\widetilde{\tau}_{soft}} = 250\, \hbox{GeV}$, $m_{\widetilde{g}} = 800\, \hbox{GeV}$, $m_{\widetilde{q}} = 1000\, \hbox{GeV}$. 0.6cm (Also recall that $m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{soft}}
\equiv m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle R}}
= m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle L}}$ and $A_\tau=A_\ell=0$.) Point 1 represents a case where most of the signal events result from $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow
\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays[^11], whereas Point 2 is a case where decays including heavier -inos make the dominant contribution. Here $\tan\beta$ has been set fairly high to enhance rates, as Figs. 1–3 suggest.
In Fig. 4, the parameter values of Point 1 (left plot) and Point 2 (right plot) are adopted, save that the parameters $M_A$ and $\tan\beta$ are allowed to vary, generating plots in the $M_A$ [*vs.*]{} $\tan\beta$ plane. Color shading on the left-side plot clearly shows that the $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decay modes totally dominate in the production of $4\ell$ signal events for this choice of $M_2$, $\mu$ -ino inputs out to $M_A \simeq 700\, \hbox{GeV}$. Similarly, the right-side plot shows that for the –ino inputs of Point 2 the previously neglected decay modes to heavier –inos dominate, save for a relatively small region around $M_A$ $\sim$ $350$-$450\, \hbox{GeV}$ and $\tan\beta \sim 2$-$10$. Color coding as in Figs. 1–3.
It will be noteworthy to compare the declines in raw rates with increasing $M_A$ and decreasing $\tan\beta$ shown here to the corresponding $M_A$ [*vs.*]{} $\tan\beta$ discovery region plots based on detailed simulation analyses presented in the analysis section to follow.
Fig. 5 illustrates how results depend on the slepton mass(es). In the upper plot, showing the overall rate, $\sigma(pp \rightarrow H^0,A^0)$ $\times$ BR$(H^0,A^0 \rightarrow 4\ell N)$, as a function of $m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle soft}} \equiv
m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle L,R}}$, one generally sees the naively expected decline in the rate as $m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle soft}}$ increases. If the –inos decay through on- or off-mass-shell sleptons, then the decay products always include leptons (and usually charged leptons). However, as the sleptons become heavier (first becoming kinematically inaccessible as on-mass-shell intermediates and then growing increasingly disfavored as off-mass-shell intermediates), the EW gauge bosons become the dominant intermediates, in which case a large fraction of the time the decay products will be non-leptons, and so the BR to the $4\ell$ final state drops. The plot though also reveals an often far more complex dependence on $m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle soft}}$, with rapid oscillations in the rate possible for modest changes in $m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle soft}}$.
Note again that Point 1, drawn in red in Fig. 5, represents a case where most of the signal events result from $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow
\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays, whereas Point 2, drawn in blue, is a case where decays including heavier –inos make the dominant contribution. This is made clear by the lower plot where the percentage of the inclusive rate from $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays is plotted [*vs. *]{} $m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle soft}}$. In Fig. 5, the slepton mass is varied. But later in this work the value of $m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle soft}}$ will be fixed at the values given earlier for Points 1. and 2.(these locations are marked by asterisks in both plots in Fig. 5). These choices are fairly optimal, especially for Point 1.
Points 1. and 2. show some interesting dependence on $m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle soft}}$. This dependence can be made more acute though by adjusting the input parameters. For instance, the black dotted and dashed curves in Fig. 5 result from lowering the $M_A$ value of Point 2 to $400\, \hbox{GeV}$ and changing $\tan\beta$ from $35$ to $5$ and $30$, respectively. Then not only does the inclusive rate undergo rapid variation with $m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle soft}}$, but the percentage of the inclusive rate from $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays fluctuates rapidly as well. Points 1. and 2. were selected for further analysis later in this work in part because the results are not strongly affected by a small shift in the value of $m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle soft}}$. However, apparently this is not true for all points in MSSM parameter space.
Finally, notice that the overall normalization of both processes $gg \rightarrow H^0,A^0$ and $b\bar{b} \rightarrow H^0,A^0$ is of $2 \rightarrow 1$ lowest-order[^12]. Each of these gluon- and quark-fusion partonic contributions is separately convoluted with an empirical set of PDFs (CTEQ 6M [@CTEQ6] in this case) to obtain predictions at the proton-proton level, for which the total center-of-mass energy is $\sqrt{s}=14\, \hbox{TeV}$. The cross-section thus defined is computed using the MSSM implementation [@HWMSSM] of the HERWIG program [@HERWIG] (as available in Version 6.5 [@HERWIG65], with the exception of the choices $m_t = 175\, \hbox{GeV}$ and $m_b = 4.25\, \hbox{GeV}$ for the top and bottom quark masses) and the MSSM input information produced by ISASUSY (through the ISAWIG [@ISAWIG] and HDECAY [@HDECAY] interfaces). Sometimes a Higgs boson will be produced in association with jets, and thus, as discussed in Ref. [@2to1vs2to3], what percentage of the time a Higgs boson is produced with hadronic activity passing jet selection criteria (as will be applied in the analysis section) is (possibly) sensitive to the type of emulation ($2 \rightarrow 1$ or $2 \rightarrow 3$) being employed. Note though that in Figs. 1–4 colored fermions are not allowed in the –ino decay chains. This is in fact inconsistent and leads to an over-(under-)estimate of the hadronically-quiet (inclusive, allowing jets) $4 \ell$ rates (the under-estimation of the inclusive rates is expected to be modest due to the price of extra BRs in the decay chains of the neglected channels). To attempt to correct for this by factoring in results from the simulation runs might obscure what is meant by ’raw’ rates, so this minor inconsistency is simply tolerated in these estimates.
Signal-to-background rates
--------------------------
The signal, taken here to be events resulting from heavy MSSM Higgs bosons decaying into –ino pairs, is not the only relevant quantity in this analysis that depends on the position in the MSSM parameter space — backgrounds from other MSSM processes will also vary from point to point. Fig. 1 of [@Cascade] shows the competing processes for –ino pair-production via Higgs boson decays[^13]: ’direct’ –ino production ([*i.e.*]{}, [*via*]{} a s-channel gauge boson) and –inos produced in ’cascade’ decays of squarks and gluinos. The latter is considered in some detail in [@Cascade], but will be removed from consideration here by making the assumption throughout this work that gluinos and squarks are heavy ([*circa*]{} $1\, \hbox{TeV}$). However, since the signal depends on them, (all) the –inos cannot be made heavy[^14], and the masses of the EW gauge bosons are known, so the direct channel background cannot be easily removed by restricting the analysis to some subset of the parameter space by means of such a straight-forward assumption.
In fact, the location in the parameter space where the raw signal rate is largest sometimes differs from that where the ratio of the signal to the leading background from direct –ino production is largest. For instance, the plot in Fig. 2 ($\tan\beta = 10$) for $M_A = 600\, \hbox{GeV}$ shows a maximum in the inclusive rate at approximately $(\mu, M_2) = (-200\, \hbox{GeV},~250\, \hbox{GeV})$. On the other hand, the signal-to-background ratio ($S/B$) is largest at $\approx(-250\, \hbox{GeV},~500\,\hbox{GeV})$. The production cross-section for the Higgs bosons is the same at both points. Thus, to understand why the two locations differ so much the BR$(H^0,A^0 \rightarrow 4\ell N)$ and the direct –ino production $\times$ BR$($ -inos $\rightarrow 4\ell N)$ need to be studied. The former drops from ${\sim}6$% to ${\sim}2$% in moving from the inclusive rate maximum to the $S/B$ maximum (thus cutting the overall signal rate by a factor of 3). The background at the inclusive rate maximum is mostly $\widetilde{\chi}^0_2 \widetilde{\chi}^0_3$, $\widetilde{\chi}^0_3 \widetilde{\chi}^0_4$ and $\widetilde{\chi}^\pm_2 \widetilde{\chi}^\mp_2$ with respective production cross-sections (and BRs into $4\ell N$ final states) of $4\times 10^{-2}\, \hbox{pb}$ ($18$%), $1\times 10^{-2}\, \hbox{pb}$ ($8$%) and $1\times 10^{-2}\, \hbox{pb}$ ($2$%). At the point where the $S/B$ is a maximum, these (still dominant) backgrounds rates shift to $1\times 10^{-2}\, \hbox{pb}$ ($16$%), $1\times 10^{-4}\, \hbox{pb}$ ($27$%) and $1\times 10^{-2}\, \hbox{pb}$ ($2$%), respectively. So the ${\widetilde\chi}^0_2{\widetilde\chi}^0_3$ production rate drops by a factor of $4$ while ${\widetilde\chi}^0_3{\widetilde\chi}^0_4$ production almost vanishes (which is the main factor), mostly because of increased phase space suppression due to larger –ino masses: $m_{{\widetilde\chi}^0_2}(m_{{\widetilde\chi}^0_3})
[m_{{\widetilde\chi}^0_4}]\{m_{{\widetilde\chi}^\pm_2}\}$ changes from $118(180)[212]\{289\}\, \hbox{GeV}$ at the rate maximum to $219(257)[273]\{515\}\, \hbox{GeV}$ at the $S/B$ maximum. The result is that the overall background rate drops by a factor of 5. In short, the $S/B$ improves because the direct –ino pair-production cross-section falls more rapidly than the signal BR into $4\ell N$ final states. Analogous plots to those in Figs. 1–3 studying the $S/B$ variation across the parameter space are not presented. Instead, discovery regions for selected –ino input parameter sets will be given in Sect. 4. While favorable MSSM points have been chosen for the simulation analyses, they were not selected to maximize the $S/B$. Therefore, this channel may work even better at points other than those analysed in detail herein.
mSUGRA parameter space
======================
Augmenting the general MSSM with additional assumptions about the unification of SUSY inputs at a very high mass scale yields the more restrictive ’mSUGRA’ models. Here the number of free input parameters is much reduced (hence the popularity of such scenarios for phenomenological analyses), with said free parameters generally set as $\tan\beta$, a universal gaugino mass defined at the Grand Unification Theory (GUT) scale ($M_{{{1}/{2}}}$), a universal GUT-level scalar mass ($M_{{0}}$), a universal GUT-level trilinear scalar mass term ($A_{{0}}$), and the sign of $\mu$ (henceforth, sgn$(\mu)$). As already noted, the signal has a strong preference for low values of $| \mu |$. Yet in mSUGRA scenarios, $| \mu |$ is not a free parameter, as it is closely tied to the masses of the scalar Higgs bosons [*via*]{} the $M_{{0}}$ input. An earlier study of charged Higgs boson decays into a neutralino and a chargino [@EPJC2] demonstrated that this was sufficient to preclude detection of a $3\ell$ $+$ top-quark signal from such processes over the entire reach of the unexcluded mSUGRA parameter space. Here, with the heavier neutral MSSM Higgs bosons, the situation is not so discouraging. Fig. \[fig:mSUGRAHino\] shows the values for $\sigma(pp \rightarrow H^0,A^0)$ $\times$ BR$(H^0,A^0 \rightarrow 4\ell N)$ obtained for $\tan\beta = 5,10,20$ and $\mu > 0$. Two disconnected regions of unexcluded parameter space appear where the expected number of events (for $100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity) is in the tens to hundreds (or even thousands). Interestingly, one of these (which includes discovery regions depicted in the CSM TDR [@CMSTDRSUSY][^15]) is where $\widetilde{\chi}^0_2 \widetilde{\chi}^0_2$ is the dominant source of $4\ell$ events while the other is where decays of the heavier –inos dominate. For $\tan\beta=5$, rates in the $\widetilde{\chi}^0_2 \widetilde{\chi}^0_2$ region are much larger than in the heavier –inos region. However, for $\tan\beta=20$, rates in the two regions become more comparable.
Also shown as solid purple zones on the $\tan\beta=5$ and $\tan\beta=10$ plots are $5\sigma$ discovery regions from the CMS TDR (Fig. 11.32) [@CMSTDRSUSY]. These CMS TDR discovery regions assume an integrated luminosity of just $30\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$, and thus would have certainly been considerably larger if a base luminosity of $100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ was used instead. This CMS TDR analysis was at a technical level comparable to that in this work, [*but only considered MSSM Higgs boson decays into $\widetilde{\chi}^0_2 \widetilde{\chi}^0_2$ pairs*]{}. Thus, the CMS TDR analysis would not pick up the region where heavier –ino decays dominate (in fact the plots in Fig. 11.32 in the CMS TDR only showed the regions delineated by the solid purple lines in Fig. \[fig:mSUGRAHino\]). Given that the somewhat lower rates of the higher $M_0$, heavier –ino decays-dominated region may be compensated by assuming a larger integrated luminosity, as well as perhaps finding a higher selection efficiency due to harder daughter leptons, it is difficult to infer from the CMS TDR $5\sigma$ $30\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ discovery regions whether or not disjoint discovery regions may develop in this novel region of the parameter space. This is currently under investigation [@msugrawork].
The excluded regions shown in Fig. \[fig:mSUGRAHino\] merit some explanation. Note that in each plot the discovery region from the CMS TDR cuts into the excluded region, whereas in Fig. 11.32 of the CMS TDR they do not touch the (more limited) excluded regions shown. This is mainly because the excluded regions in Fig. 11.32 of the CMS TDR only mark off regions where the $\widetilde{\chi}^0_1$ is not the LSP (because the mass of the lighter stau is lower — this removes the upper left corner of the plots) and where EWSB is not obtained (along the horizontal axis), while ignoring other experimental constaints — such as the lower limit on the lighter chargino’s mass from the LEP experiments. Such additional experimental constraints are included, for instance, in the excluded regions shown in Fig. 20-1 of the ATLAS TDR [@ATLASTDRSUSY] [^16]. These experimental constraints have been updated to represent the final limits from the LEP experiments, accounting for the gross differences between the excluded regions depicted in the ATLAS TDR and those in the present work[^17]. Somewhat crude[^18] estimates for the regions excluded by the LEP searches for MSSM Higgs bosons are indicated separately by the dashed green lines based on the empirical formula developed by Djouadi, Drees and Kneur [@DDK]. Finally, it must be emphasized that constraints from lower-energy experiments (in particular from $b \rightarrow s \gamma$) and from cosmological considerations (such as LSP dark matter annihilation rates) are [*not*]{} herein considered. In the far more restricted parameter domain of mSUGRA models it is more difficult to circumvent such constraints, and they can exclude considerable portions of the allowed parameter space shown in the figures (for further details, see [@extra-constrs]).
As was done with the general MSSM parameter space, Fig. 5 enables selection of a couple of representative mSUGRA points for simulation studies. These are: 0.6cm [**Point A**]{}. $M_0 = 125\, \hbox{GeV}$, $M_{1/2} = 165\, \hbox{GeV}$, $\tan\beta = 20$, ${\rm sgn(\mu)} = +1$, $A_0 = 0$. 0.45cm [**Point B**]{}. $M_0 = 400\, \hbox{GeV}$, $M_{1/2} = 165\, \hbox{GeV}$, $\tan\beta = 20$, ${\rm sgn(\mu)} = +1$, $A_0 = 0$. 0.6cm Point A is dominated by $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0
\rightarrow 4\ell$ decays (which account for more than 99% of the inclusive signal event rate before cuts) while in Point B the corresponding rates are below 30% (the largest signal event channel is now $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_1^{\pm} \widetilde{\chi}_2^{\mp}
\rightarrow 4\ell$, yielding over 50% of the events, with significant contributions from $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_3^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0 \rightarrow 4\ell$). Full MC and detector simulations for Points A and B will be presented in the next section. These will show that $4\ell N$ signals remain visible in the mSUGRA parameter space, at least at these points.
Simulation analyses
===================
The HERWIG 6.5 [@HERWIG65] MC package (which obtains its MSSM input information from ISASUSY [@ISAJET] through the ISAWIG [@ISAWIG] and HDECAY [@HDECAY] interfaces) is employed coupled with private programs simulating a typical LHC detector environment (these codes have been checked against results in the literature). The CTEQ 6M [@CTEQ6] set of PDFs is used and top and bottom quark masses are set to $m_t=175\, \hbox{GeV}$ and $m_b=4.25\, \hbox{GeV}$, respectively.
Four-lepton events are first selected according to these criteria:
- Events have exactly four leptons, $\ell=e$ or $\mu$, irrespective of their individual charges, meeting the following criteria: Each lepton must have $|\eta^\ell|<2.4$ and $E_T^\ell >7,4$ GeV for $e,\mu$ (see ATLAS TDR [@ATLASTDRSUSY]). Each lepton must be isolated. The isolation criterion demands there be no tracks (of charged particles) with $p_T > 1.5\, \hbox{GeV}$ in a cone of $r = 0.3\, \hbox{radians}$ around a specific lepton, and also that the energy deposited in the electromagnetic calorimeter be less than $3\, \hbox{GeV}$ for $0.05\, \hbox{radians} < r < 0.3\, \hbox{radians}$. Aside from the isolation demands, no restrictions are placed at this stage on the amount of hadronic activity or the number of reconstructed jets in an event.
Further,
- Events must consist of two opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pairs.
Events thus identified as candidate signal events are then subjected to the following cuts:
- $Z^0$-veto: no opposite-charge same-flavor lepton pairs may reconstruct $M_{Z} \pm 10$ GeV.
- restrict $E_T^{\ell}$: all leptons must finally have $20\, \hbox{GeV} < E_T^\ell < 80\, \hbox{GeV}$.
- restrict missing transverse energy, $E_T^{\rm{miss}}$: events must have $20\, \hbox{GeV} < E_T^{\rm{miss}} < 130\, \hbox{GeV}$.
- cap $E_{T}^{\rm{jet}}$: all jets must have $E_T^{\rm{jet}} < 50\, \hbox{GeV}$. Jets are reconstructed using a UA1-like iterative ([*i.e.*]{}, with splitting and merging, see Ref. [@jets] for a description of the procedure) cone algorithm with fixed size $0.5$, wherein charged tracks are collected at $E_T > 1\, \hbox{GeV}$ and $|\eta| < 2.4$ and each reconstructed jet is required to have $E_T^{\rm{jet}} > 20\, \hbox{GeV}$.
Lastly, application of an additional cut on the four-lepton invariant mass is investigated:
- four-lepton invariant mass (inv. m.) cut: the $4 \ell$ inv. m. must be $\leq 240\, \hbox{GeV}\, .$
For the signal events, the upper limit for the four-lepton inv. m.will be $M_{H,A} - 2M_{{\widetilde\chi}^0_1}$, and thus its value is dependent upon the chosen point in MSSM parameter space. In the actual experiment, the value of $M_{H,A} - 2M_{{\widetilde\chi}^0_1}$ would be [*a priori*]{} unknown. So one could ask how a numerical value can be chosen for this cut? If too low a value is selected, many signal events will be lost. On the other hand, if too large a value is chosen, more events from background processes will be accepted, diluting the signal. One could envision trying an assortment of numerical values for the four-lepton inv. m. upper limit (one of which could for instance be the nominal value of $240\, \hbox{GeV}$ noted above) to see which value optimized the signal relative to the backgrounds. However, here sparticle production processes are very significant backgrounds (after application of the other three cuts, only such processes and residual $Z^{0(*)} Z^{0(*)}$ events remain), which, like the signal, may well have unknown rates. Thus, strengthening this cut would lower the total number of events without indicating whether the signal to background ratio is going up or down — unless additional information is available from other studies at least somewhat restricting the location in MSSM parameter space Nature has chosen. If such information were available, this cut could indeed lead to a purer set of signal events. One could instead consider all events from MSSM processes to be the signal while the SM processes comprise the background. However, the aim of this work is to identify the heavier Higgs bosons, not merely to identify an excess attributable to SUSY.
Detailed results are tabulated for the aforementioned two general MSSM and two mSUGRA parameter space points. MSSM Point 1 and mSUGRA Point A have the vast majority of their $4\ell$ events from $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$, while MSSM Point 2 and mSUGRA Point B obtain most of their $4\ell$ events from Higgs boson decays to heavier –ino pairs ($\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_3^0$, $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ $\widetilde{\chi}_3^0 \widetilde{\chi}_3^0$, $\widetilde{\chi}_3^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ and/or $\widetilde{\chi}_4^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0$). The sparticle spectra[^19] for these points are presented in Table \[tab:masses\].
MSSM benchmark points
---------------------
Point 1 Point 2 Point A Point B
------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
$M_{A}$ $500.0$ $600.0$ $257.6$ $434.9$
$M_{H}$ $500.7$ $600.8$ $257.8$ $435.3$
${\widetilde\chi}^0_1$ $89.7$ $93.9$ $60.4$ $60.8$
${\widetilde\chi}^0_2$ $176.3$ $155.6$ $107.8$ $108.0$
${\widetilde\chi}^0_3$ $506.9$ $211.8$ $237.6$ $232.8$
${\widetilde\chi}^0_4$ $510.9$ $262.2$ $260.0$ $256.3$
${\widetilde\chi}^\pm_1$ $176.5$ $153.5$ $106.8$ $106.8$
${\widetilde\chi}^\pm_2$ $513.9$ $263.2$ $260.0$ $258.2$
$m_{\widetilde{\nu}}$ $241.6$ $135.5$ $154.8$ $407.9$
$m_{\widetilde{e}_1}$ $253.8$ $156.3$ $145.7$ $406.1$
$m_{\widetilde{\mu}_1}$ $252.0$ $154.3$ $145.6$ $406.1$
$m_{\widetilde{e}_2}$ $254.4$ $157.2$ $174.1$ $415.7$
$m_{\widetilde{\mu}_2}$ $256.2$ $159.2$ $174.2$ $415.7$
$m_{\widetilde{e}_2} - m_{\widetilde{e}_1}$ $0.59$ $0.96$ $28.46$ $9.56$
$m_{\widetilde{\mu}_2} - m_{\widetilde{\mu}_1}$ $4.20$ $4.81$ $28.62$ $9.63$
: Relevant sparticle masses (in GeV) for specific MSSM and mSUGRA parameter points studied in the analyses.
\[tab:masses\]
Table 2 shows results for MSSM Point 1, a $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$-dominated point. Note that, after cuts, signal events do make up the majority of events in the sample. The only remaining backgrounds are from direct neutralino/chargino pair-production[^20] (denoted by $\widetilde{\chi}\widetilde{\chi}$), from slepton pair-production (denoted by $\widetilde{\ell}$, $\widetilde{\nu}$) and from $Z^{0(*)} Z^{0(*)}$ production.
\[tab:MSSMPt1\]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Process $4\ell$ events ${\ell}^+{\ell}^-{\ell}^{{\scriptscriptstyle ( \prime )}+} $Z^0$-veto $E_T^{\ell}$ $E_T^{\rm{miss}}$ $E_{T}^{\rm{jet}}$ $4\ell$ inv. m.
{\ell}^{{\scriptscriptstyle ( \prime )}-}$
----------------------------------------------- ---------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ -------------- ------------------- -------------------- -----------------
$\widetilde{q}$, $\widetilde{g}$ 118 64 49 19 1 0 0
$\widetilde{\ell}$,$\widetilde{\nu}$ 100 65 46 30 23 13 7
$\widetilde{\chi} \widetilde{\chi}, 34 17 13 10 5 2 1
\widetilde{q}/\widetilde{g} \widetilde{\chi}$
$tH^-$ + c.c. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
$Z^{0(*)} Z^{0(*)}$ 1733 1683 43 39 5 4 4
$t\bar{t} Z^{0(*)}$ 47 23 2 1 1 0 0
$t\bar{t} h^0$ 4 2 2 1 1 0 0
$H^0,A^0$ signal 20,32 18,31 14,26 13,25 11,22 8,17 6,13
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Event rates after the successive cuts defined in the text for MSSM Point 1 (assuming an integrated luminosity of $100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$).
The number of events obtained from $A^0$ decays after cuts is about twice the number obtained from $H^0$ decays. This is despite the fact that the $H^0$ and $A^0$ production cross sections are the same within $1$%. The ratio of $A^0$ to $H^0$ events at this point can be compared to that for inclusive rates (with no cuts) which may be calculated using the BRs obtained from ISASUSY[^21]. Including all possible decay chains, ISASUSY numbers predict $A^0:H^0 = 1.83:1.00$ ($64.7$% $A^0$ events). This is in reasonable agreement with $A^0:H^0 = 1.6:1.0$ ($61.5$% $A^0$ events) obtained from the $4\ell$ before cuts entries in the first column of Table 2. The different $H^0$ and $A^0$ event rates may then be traced back to differences in the $H^0/A^0$-$\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$-$\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ couplings (as opposed to the enhancing or opening up of other $H^0$ decay modes, such as for instance $H^0 \rightarrow h^0 h^0$). Study of the inclusive rates based on the ISASUSY BRs also confirmed that over $99$% of the four-lepton signal events resulted from $H^0/A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays. The percentage of $A^0 \to 4\ell$ events surviving the subsequent cuts is about $10$% larger than the percentage of $H^0 \to 4\ell$ events surviving.
Fixing the –ino input parameters $M_2$ & $\mu$ and the slepton & squark inputs to be those of MSSM Point 1, $\tan\beta$ and $M_A$ were then varied to map out a Higgs boson discovery region in the traditional ($M_A$, $\tan\beta$) plane. This is shown in red in Fig. \[fig7:discovery\], where the solid (dashed) red border delineates the discovery region assuming an integrated luminosity of $300\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ ($100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$). The exact criteria used for demarcating the discovery region is that there be at least $10$ signal events and that the $99$%-confidence-level upper limit on the background is smaller than the $99$%-confidence-level lower limit on the signal plus background. Mathematically, the latter condition translates into the formula [@MSSMhgamgam]: $$N_{\hbox{signal}} > (2.32)^2 \left[ 1 +
\frac{2 \sqrt{N_{\hbox{bckgrd}}}}{2.32}
\right] \;\; ,
\label{disccrit}$$ where $N_{\hbox{signal}}$ and $N_{\hbox{bckgrd}}$ are the expected number of signal and background events, respectively. As with MSSM Point 1, direct neutralino/chargino pair-production, slepton pair production and SM $Z^{0(*)} Z^{0(*)}$ are the only background processes remaining after cuts (the actual number of surviving background events varies modestly with $\tan\beta$) at all points tested, with slepton pair production continuing as the dominant background. Taking into account these backgrounds, $24$-$28$ ($38$-$45$) signal events are required to meet the criteria for $100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ ($300\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$) of integrated luminosity, depending on the value of $\tan\beta$, if the four-lepton inv. m. cut is not employed. Adding in this last optional cut changes the required numbers to $19$-$22$ ($28$-$34$) signal events and shifts the discovery region boundaries to those shown as blue (dashed blue) curves in Fig. \[fig7:discovery\]. This places MSSM Point 1 just outside the upper $M_A$ edge of the $100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ discovery region (whether or not the four-lepton inv. m. cut is used). Lowering $M_A$ to $400\, \hbox{GeV}$ raises the number of signal events from $25$ to $36$. Note that Fig. 4 (left-side plot) predicts that $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays will generate the bulk of the signal throughout the discovery region. The lower $M_A$ edge of the discovery region closely follows where the (dominant) $\widetilde{\chi}^0_2 \widetilde{\chi}^0_2$ decay becomes kinematically accessible, [*i.e.*]{}, $M_A \, \ge \, 2m_{\widetilde{\chi}_2^0}$. The $A^0$ contribution outweighing the $H^0$ contribution was found to be a general result valid for almost[^22] all points in the $(M_A, \tan\beta)$-plane tested: events from $A^0$ equaled or outnumbered those from $H^0$. Note from Table 2 that MSSM Point 1 at $M_A = 500\, \hbox{GeV}$ and $\tan\beta = 20$ yielded $A^0:H^0 = 2.1:1.0$ ($68$% $A^0$ events) [ *after*]{} all cuts save the four-lepton inv. m. cut (as comparison to the numbers in the preceding paragraph indicate, $A^0$ events tend to do slightly better at surviving the cuts, though little reason could be found for this small effect). Lowering $M_A$ to $400\, \hbox{GeV}$ shifts this ratio to $A^0:H^0 = 3.9:1.0$ ($81$% $A^0$ events).
The preponderance of $A^0$ events is generally greatest for lower values of $M_A$. For $M_A \, \lsim \, 375\, \hbox{GeV}$, $90$-$100$% of the signal events are from $A^0$. Since $M_A < M_H$ and $M_A \, \simeq \, 2m_{\widetilde{\chi}_2^0}$ this is mainly a threshold effect. The $A^0$ event percentage drops to around $70$% when $M_A \, \simeq \, 415\, \hbox{GeV}$. For higher $M_A$ values inside the $100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ discovery region (outside the $100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ discovery region but inside the $300\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ discovery region), this percentage ranges from ${\sim}70$% down to ${\sim}55$% (${\sim}60$% down to ${\sim}50$%), save for the upper tip where $\tan\beta \, \gsim \, 30$ wherein the $A^0$ percentage remains above $70$% or even $80$%.
Inclusion of the four-lepton inv. m. cut with the nominal cut-off value of $240\, \hbox{GeV}$ shifts the discovery region boundaries in Fig. \[fig7:discovery\] from the red curves to the blue ones. There are slight gains for low $M_A$ values at high and low values for $\tan\beta$; however, the high $M_A$ edges also recede somewhat. Note also that the highest and lowest $\tan\beta$ values which fall inside the discovery region are virtually unaltered. Though the cut’s effect on the expanse of the discovery region is quite modest, inclusion of this cut at included points with lower $M_A$ values can certainly raise the $\hbox{signal}$ : $\hbox{background}$. For instance, at ($M_A$, $\tan\beta$) = ($400\, \hbox{GeV}$, $20$), this ratio goes from $37:19$ without the $4\ell$ inv. m. cut to $37:12$ with it. However, shifting $M_A$ to $500\, \hbox{GeV}$ as in MSSM Point 1 is enough to remove any advantage, as can be seen in Table 2.
-0.9cm
-0.5cm
Input parameters for MSSM Point 1 were also chosen to match a point studied in a previous analysis [@CMS1] — which only looked at $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ Higgs boson decays[^23]. The light purple contour shown in the plot is the result from this older study (see the blue contour in Fig. 19 therein). Results in the present case for the most part agree with those of that previous study, though in the current analysis the discovery region extends to somewhat higher values of $M_A$ and dies for $\tan\beta$ values below ${\sim}5$. The latter is primarily due to low $\tan\beta$ strong enhancement of the $H^0$($A^0$)-$t$-$\bar{t}$ coupling, which is proportional to $\csc\beta$ ($\cot\beta$), increasing the $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow t \bar{t}$ BRs at the expense of the –ino BRs[^24]. BR$(H^0 \rightarrow t\bar{t})$ (BR$(A^0 \rightarrow t\bar{t})$) rises from around $0.30$ to $0.68$ to $0.93$ ($0.51$ to $0.79$ to $0.96$) as $\tan\beta$ runs from $6$ to $4$ to $2$.
For MSSM Point 2, Higgs boson decays to the heavier neutralinos and charginos neglected in previous studies produce most of the signal events. Table \[tab:percents2\] gives the percentage contributions to the signal events among the $H^0,A^0$ decay modes based on an inclusive rate study using BR results from ISAJET (ISASUSY) 7.58 normalized with HERWIG cross-sections. This parton-level analysis merely demands exactly four leptons in the (parton-level) final state. According to this inclusive rates study, Higgs boson decays to $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ now contribute less than one hundredth of one percent of the signal events, in stark contrast to MSSM Point 1 where such decays accounted for virtually all of the signal events. Applying all the cuts at the full event-generator level does not alter this. Said numerical results with the application of the successive cuts for MSSM Point 2 are given in Table \[tab:MSSMPt2\].
-0.1cm
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
$H^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_3^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ $31.5$%
$A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_4^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ $31.1$%
$A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_3^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ $13.4$%
$H^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_4^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ $8.4$%
$H^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_1^{\pm} \widetilde{\chi}_2^{\mp}$ $6.9$%
$A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_1^{\pm} \widetilde{\chi}_2^{\mp}$ $4.3$%
$A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_3^0 \widetilde{\chi}_3^0$ $1.9$%
$H^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_3^0 \widetilde{\chi}_3^0$ $0.8$%
$H^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^+ \widetilde{\chi}_2^-$ $0.75$%
$H^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^+ \widetilde{\chi}_2^-$ $0.6$%
all other contributions $< 0.5$%
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
: Percentage of $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow 4\ell N$ events (excluding cuts) coming from various –ino channels for MSSM Point 2. (Other channels are negligible.)
\[tab:percents2\]
Note that the four-lepton inv. m. cut, with the nominal numerical value of $240\, \hbox{GeV}$, removes about $74$% of the signal events while only slightly reducing the number of background events. This clearly shows that this cut, while helpful for points with lower $M_A$ values in Fig. \[fig7:discovery\], is quite deleterious at MSSM Point 2. Without the $4\ell$ inv. m. cut, an integrated luminosity of $25\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ is sufficient to meet the discovery criteria; while with the $4\ell$ inv. m. cut, an integrated luminosity of ${\sim}130\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ is required. Choosing a higher numerical cut-off would lead to a viable cut for this point; however, it may prove impossible to [*a priori*]{} decide on an appropriate value for the actual experimental analysis (see earlier discussion).
\[tab:MSSMPt2\]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Process $4\ell$ events ${\ell}^+{\ell}^-{\ell}^{{\scriptscriptstyle ( \prime )}+} $Z^0$-veto $E_T^{\ell}$ $E_T^{\rm{miss}}$ $E_{T}^{\rm{jet}}$ $4\ell$ inv. m.
{\ell}^{{\scriptscriptstyle ( \prime )}-}$
------------------------------------------------- ---------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ -------------- ------------------- -------------------- -----------------
$\widetilde{q}$, $\widetilde{g}$ 817 332 197 96 21 0 0
$\widetilde{\ell}$,$\widetilde{\nu}$ 12 5 4 4 2 2 2
$\widetilde{\chi} \widetilde{\chi}, 123 74 32 17 13 10 4
\widetilde{q} / \widetilde{g} \widetilde{\chi}$
$tH^-$ + c.c. 76 38 22 15 9 3 1
$Z^{0(*)} Z^{0(*)}$ 1733 1683 43 39 5 4 4
$t\bar{t} Z^{0*}$ 47 23 2 1 1 0 0
$t\bar{t} h^0$ 4 1 1 1 1 0 0
$H^0,A^0$ signal 189,179 156,149 64,80 55,64 43,50 32,37 9,9
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Event rates after successive cuts as defined in the text for MSSM Point 2 (assuming 100 fb$^{-1}$).
Table \[tab:MSSMPt2\] gives a ratio of $A^0 \to 4\ell$ events to $H^0 \to 4\ell$ events (before additional cuts) of $A^0:H^0 = 1:1.05$ ($48.6$% $A^0$ events). ISASUSY BR studies of the inclusive four-lepton event rates at this point also predict that $H^0$ will produce more signal events than $A^0$ this time, with $A^0:H^0 = 1:1.36$ ($42.4$% $A^0$ events). Exact agreement between the two methods is certainly not expected, and it is at least reassuring that both predict more $H^0 \to 4\ell$ events (unlike at MSSM Point 1). The percentage of $A^0 \to 4\ell$ events surviving the subsequent cuts is again slightly larger than that for $H^0 \to 4\ell$ events ($21$% [*vs.*]{} $17$%, excluding the four-lepton inv. m. cut). Note that the $Z^0$-veto takes a larger portion out of the signal event number for MSSM Point 2 than it did for MSSM Point 1, with only about $50$% surviving for the former while about $80$% survive for the latter. This is understandable since, for MSSM Point 1, virtually all events were from $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ pairs, and $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ is not heavy enough to decay to $\widetilde{\chi}_1^0$ via an on-mass-shell $Z^0$. For MSSM Point 2, on the other hand, a variety of heavier –inos are involved, and the mass differences between $\widetilde{\chi}_3^0$ or $\widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ and $\widetilde{\chi}_1^0$ do exceed $M_Z$.
Again the –ino input parameters $M_2$ & $\mu$ and the slepton & squark inputs are fixed, this time to be those of MSSM Point 2, and $\tan\beta$ and $M_A$ allowed to vary to map out the Higgs boson discovery region in the ($M_A$, $\tan\beta$) plane (using the same criteria as in Fig. \[fig7:discovery\]) shown in red in Fig. \[fig8:discovery\]. As before, the solid (dashed) red border delineates the discovery region assuming an integrated luminosity of $300\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ ($100\,
\hbox{fb}^{-1}$). Assuming that the four-lepton inv. m. cut is omitted, MSSM Point 2 lies firmly inside the $100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ discovery region (with the $15$ sparticle/charged Higgs boson + $4$ $Z^{0(*)}Z^{0(*)}$ event background, Relation (\[disccrit\]) requires $26$ signal events to be included in the $100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ discovery region, while $69$ signal events are expected). Note that Fig. 4 (right-side plot) predicts that $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays will only generate a substantial number of signal events when $\tan\beta$ and $M_A$ are small (the red and yellow zones in the plot), with decays to heavier –inos dominating elsewhere. This leads to a disjoint discovery region in Fig. \[fig8:discovery\], consisting of a smaller mainly $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$-dominated portion for lower values of $\tan\beta$ and $M_A$ and a novel larger portion at considerably higher $M_A$ values that stretches up to $\tan\beta$ values well above $50$. Note the distance between the lower $M_A$ edge of this larger portion of the discovery region and the curves for $M_A,M_H - 2m_{\widetilde{\chi}_2^0}$. In concurrence with the percentage contributions for MSSM Point 2 given above, the lower $M_A$ edge of the discovery region abuts the $M_A,M_H - m_{\widetilde{\chi}_3^0} - m_{\widetilde{\chi}_4^0}$ curves (shown in green in Fig. \[fig8:discovery\]), [*for*]{} $\tan\beta \, \gsim \, 10$. The situation for $\tan\beta\, \lsim \, 10$ and $450\, \hbox{GeV} \, \lsim \, M_A \, \lsim 700\, \hbox{GeV}$ (in both the upper and lower disjoint portions of the discovery region) is more complicated, with $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ and several other decays making significant contributions.
-0.9cm
The discovery region shown in Fig. \[fig8:discovery\] represents a significant extension of LHC MSSM Higgs boson detection capabilities to quite high Higgs boson masses. With $300\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity, there is some stretch of $M_A$ values covered for almost all values of $\tan\beta$ ($1 < \tan\beta < 50$), the exception being $4 \, \lsim \, \tan\beta \, \lsim \, 6$. If the integrated luminosity is dropped to $100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$, the higher $M_A$ portion of the discovery region recedes up to $\tan\beta \, \gsim \, 8$-$10$, still lower than the $300\,
\hbox{fb}^{-1}$ discovery regions from MSSM Higgs boson decays to third generation SM fermions found in the ATLAS [@ATLASsource] and other [@htautau] simulations. The new discovery region has considerable overlap with the so-called decoupling zone, where the light MSSM Higgs boson is difficult to distinguish from the Higgs boson of the SM, and, [*up to now, no signals of the other MSSM Higgs bosons were known*]{}.
Though the number of signal events swells to over $50$ ($30$) per $100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ for $\tan\beta \, \lsim \, 2$ ($4$), the background from –ino pair-production via EW gauge bosons is also becoming quite large, and thus more integrated luminosity is required for the excess from Higgs boson decays to meet the (\[disccrit\]) criterion. Note how an ‘excess’ attributed to the Higgs boson signal could alternatively be accounted for by the MSSM background if the value of $\tan\beta$ is lowered. (Note also though that restrictions from LEP experiments exclude the most sensitive region of extremely low $\tan\beta$ values.) As in Fig. \[fig7:discovery\], the low $M_A$ edge of the lower portion of the discovery region in Fig. \[fig8:discovery\] abuts the $M_A,M_H - 2m_{\widetilde{\chi}_2^0}$ curves.
Yet for $M_A$ in the vicinity of $350\, \hbox{GeV}$ to $450\, \hbox{GeV}$, the discovery regions in Fig. \[fig7:discovery\] and Fig. \[fig8:discovery\] resemble mirror images of each other: the former lies exclusively above $\tan\beta \simeq 5$ while the latter lies exclusively below $\tan\beta \simeq 5$. The reasons behind this stark contrast, though a bit complicated, critically depend on the different inputs to the slepton sector. In Fig. \[fig8:discovery\], for $M_A \, \lsim \, 470\, \hbox{GeV}$, Higgs boson decays to other heavier -inos are kinematically inaccessible, and, for higher $\tan\beta$ values, $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays almost exclusively via sneutrinos into neutrinos and the LSP, yielding no charged leptons. This is not the case in this region of Fig. \[fig7:discovery\] — here $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ undergoes three-body decays via off-mass-shell sleptons and $Z^{0*}$ with substantial BRs into charged leptons. The situation for Fig. \[fig8:discovery\] changes as $\tan\beta$ declines below ${\sim}10$ since $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ BRs to charged sleptons, while still much smaller than those to sneutrinos, grow beyond the percent level — sufficient to generate a low $\tan\beta$ discovery region in Fig. \[fig8:discovery\]. One might expect analogous behavior in Fig. \[fig7:discovery\]; however, in the low $\tan\beta$ region of Fig. \[fig7:discovery\] the partial widths $\Gamma (H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0)$ are much smaller, especially for $A^0$, than they are in this region of Fig. \[fig8:discovery\] and decline with falling $\tan\beta$, whereas in Fig. \[fig8:discovery\] $\Gamma (H^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0)$ actually increases (though only moderately) as $\tan\beta$ falls. The $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ partial widths coupled with the subsequent $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays to charged leptons are large enough in the case of Fig. \[fig8:discovery\] so that the signal is not overwhelmed by the rising $\Gamma(H^0,A^0 \rightarrow t \bar{t})$ partial widths as it is in the case of Fig. \[fig7:discovery\]. Also, in Fig. \[fig8:discovery\] but not in Fig. \[fig7:discovery\], as $M_A$ increases beyond ${\sim}450\, \hbox{GeV}$, contributions from other –ino pairs besides $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ become significant and further enhance the low $\tan\beta$ $4\ell$ signal rate.
Differences in the discovery regions at very high $\tan\beta$ values are also attributable to the slepton input parameters. In Fig. \[fig8:discovery\], the discovery region reaches up well beyond $\tan\beta = 50$, while in Fig. \[fig7:discovery\] the discovery region is curtailed, ending before reaching $\tan\beta = 35$. Since the soft slepton mass inputs for all three generations are degenerate for MSSM Point 1, for high $\tan\beta$ values in Fig. \[fig7:discovery\] splitting effects with the staus drive one of the physical stau masses well below the selectron and smuon masses. This leads to lots of –ino decays including tau leptons, virtually shutting down the decays to electrons and muons. Since the soft stau mass inputs are elevated well above the other slepton inputs for MSSM Point 2, this high $\tan\beta$ cap is removed in Fig. \[fig8:discovery\].
Comments made above for MSSM Point 2 about the increased severity of the $Z^0$-line cut and the inappropriateness of the four-lepton inv. m. cut (with the numerical cut-off set to $240\, \hbox{GeV}$) are also applicable to points throughout the larger portion of the discovery region of Fig. \[fig8:discovery\]. As can be seen from the blue curves in Fig. \[fig8:discovery\], inclusion of the $240\, \hbox{GeV}$ $4\ell$ inv. m. cut eliminates about half of the $300\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ discovery region and far more than half of the $100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ region, including all points between $\tan\beta \simeq 8$ and $\tan\beta \simeq 25$ for the latter.
Also, in contrast to the discovery region of Fig. \[fig7:discovery\], in large segments of the Fig. \[fig8:discovery\] discovery region the number of signal events from $H^0$ decays exceed those from $A^0$ decays. First consider the smaller, low $\tan\beta$, portion of the disjoint discovery region. Herein, to the right of the $M_A,M_H - m_{\widetilde{\chi}_3^0} - m_{\widetilde{\chi}_4^0}$ curves (shown in green in Fig. \[fig8:discovery\]), the percentage of $A^0$ events ranges from ${\sim}30$-${\sim}40$% (${\sim}25$-${\sim}30$%) for $\tan\beta \, \gsim \, 2$ ($\lsim \, 2$). To the left of these curves, the $A^0$ event percentage grows to ${\sim}45$-${\sim}60$% for $\tan\beta \, \gsim \, 2$; increasing further to ${\sim}70$-${\sim}80$% near the region’s upper left tip ($M_A$ in the vicinity of $350\, \hbox{GeV}$ and $\tan\beta$ around $3$ to $4.5$) where the signal is dominated by Higgs-mediated $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ production.
In the novel and larger high $\tan\beta$ portion of the discovery region in Fig. \[fig8:discovery\], where the $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ contribution is minor to insignificant, the $H^0$ and $A^0$ contributions to the signal events stay within $20$% of each other (with the $A^0$ event percentage ranging from ${\sim}40$-${\sim}60$%) to the right of the $M_A,M_H - 2m_{\widetilde{\chi}_4^0}$ curves. In the finger-like projection between the nearly-vertical $M_A,M_H - m_{\widetilde{\chi}_3^0} - m_{\widetilde{\chi}_4^0}$ and $M_A,M_H - 2m_{\widetilde{\chi}_4^0}$ curves the $A^0$ percentage drops to $< \, 25$% (after cuts, excluding the $4\ell$ inv. m. cut)[^25], meaning that the number of events from $H^0$ to those from $A^0$ exceeds $3$ to $1$. The $H^0$ dominance in this zone stems from the $H^0$-$\widetilde{\chi}_3^0$-$\widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ coupling ($H^0$-$\widetilde{\chi}_3^0$-$\widetilde{\chi}_3^0$ coupling) being two to three times larger (smaller) than the $A^0$-$\widetilde{\chi}_3^0$-$\widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ coupling ($A^0$-$\widetilde{\chi}_3^0$-$\widetilde{\chi}_3^0$ coupling), combined with the fact that the $\widetilde{\chi}_3^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ decays are about twice as likely to produce $4\ell$ events as those of $\widetilde{\chi}_3^0 \widetilde{\chi}_3^0$. This of course means that $\widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ has a higher leptonic BR than $\widetilde{\chi}_3^0$. This in turn is due to $\widetilde{\chi}_3^0$ decaying into $\widetilde{\chi}_1^0 Z^0$ about half the time ($Z^0$ gives lepton pairs ${\sim}7$% of the time), while $\widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ almost never decays this way, instead having larger BRs to charged sleptons \[and $\widetilde{\chi}_1^{\pm} W^{\mp}$\] which always \[${\sim}21$% of the time\] yield charged lepton pairs. The situation changes quickly once the $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_4^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_2^+ \widetilde{\chi}_2^-$ thresholds are (almost simultaneously, see Fig. \[fig8:discovery\]) crossed, thereafter for higher $M_A$ values the $A^0$ and $H^0$ contributions remain reasonably close to each other as already stated.
As with points in Fig. \[fig7:discovery\], direct chargino/neutralino pair-production and slepton pair-production together with $Z^{0(*)} Z^{0(*)}$ production make up most of the background surviving the cuts. Now, however, these are joined by a minor segment due to $t H^- \; + \; \hbox{c.c.}$ production, which depends on $M_A$ in addition to $\tan\beta$. Results showed $g b \rightarrow t H^- \; + \; \hbox{c.c.}$ could yield several events at points in the discovery region. Since the presence of a charged Higgs boson would also signal that there is an extended Higgs sector, these events could easily have been grouped with the signal rather than with the backgrounds. Clearly though the set of cuts used in this work is not designed to pick out such events. The jet cut typically removes roughly two-thirds to three-quarters of these events. Here though it is interesting to note that, despite the presence of a top quark, the jet cut does not remove all such events (unlike results found for squark and gluino events and four-lepton $t\bar{t}X$ events). A more effective set of cuts for $t H^-$, $\bar{t} H^+$ events is developed in [@EPJC2], wherein substantially larger numbers of charged Higgs boson events survive the cuts therein at favorable points in the MSSM parameter space. It is also worth noting though that the reach of the discovery region (at a favorable point in the MSSM parameter space) for the $H^0,A^0 \to 4\ell$ signal as described in this work surpasses that of the charged Higgs boson discovery regions found in [@EPJC2]. (or in any other previous work on Higgs boson decays to sparticles).
An aspect to be mentioned in this connection, already highlighted in Ref. [@LesHouches2003], is the somewhat poor efficiency for the signals following the $Z^0$-veto, especially when combined with the fact that the $Z^{0(*)} Z^{0(*)}$ background survives the same constraint. On the one hand, a non-negligible number of events in the signal decay chains leading to $4\ell N$ final states actually proceed via (nearly) on-mass-shell $Z^0$ bosons, particularly for MSSM Point 2, in which the mass differences $m_{\widetilde{\chi}_i^0} - m_{\widetilde{\chi}_1^0}$ ($i=3,4$) can be very large, unlike the case $m_{\widetilde{\chi}_2^0} - m_{\widetilde{\chi}_1^0}$ for MSSM Point 1 (and in previous studies limited to only $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decay modes). On the other hand, the rather large intrinsic $Z^0$ width (when compared to the experimental resolution expected for di-lepton invariant masses) combined with a substantial production cross-section implies that $Z^{0(*)} Z^{0(*)}$ events will not be totally rejected by the $Z^0$-veto. Altogether, though, the suppression is much more dramatic for the $Z^0Z^0$ background than for the signal, and so this cut is retained (though the $Z^0$-veto will be dropped in some instances in the context of the forthcoming wedgebox analysis). Also, varying the size of the $10\, \hbox{GeV}$ window around $M_Z$ did not improve the effectiveness of this cut.
mSUGRA benchmark points
-----------------------
Turning attention briefly to the results within the more restrictive mSUGRA framework for SUSY-breaking, results for mSUGRA Point A and mSUGRA Point B (as defined in Sect. 3) are presented in Tables 5–6. Mass spectra for these parameter sets are given in Table \[tab:masses\]. For mSUGRA Point A ample signal events are produced and survive the cuts to claim observation of the Higgs boson at $100\,\hbox{fb}^{-1}$. The largest background is from direct slepton production, with direct neutralino/chargino production also contributing significantly, whereas SM backgrounds are virtually nil. Note how the $E_{T}^{\rm{jet}}$ cap suffices to eliminate the background from colored sparticle (squarks and gluinos) production.
Recall that for mSUGRA Point A the signal is dominated by $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays, whereas for mSUGRA Point B heavier –inos make major contributions. Thus, a wedgebox plot analysis of the former is expected to show a simple box topology, while in the case of the latter there unfortunately may be too few events (even with $300\,\hbox{fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity) to clearly discern a pattern. For mSUGRA Point B, $9$($10$) signal events survive after all cuts (save the $4\ell$ inv. m. cut), while $6$ background events survive, assuming $100\,\hbox{fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. This is insufficient to claim a discovery by the criterion of Relation (\[disccrit\]). However, when the integrated luminosity is increased to $300\,\hbox{fb}^{-1}$, then the raw number of signal events suffices to cross the discovery threshold. Unfortunately though, for mSUGRA Point B the background from colored sparticle production is not removed by the upper limit imposed on $E_{T}^{\rm{jet}}$. One can however stiffen the $E_{T}^{\rm{jet}}$ cut, capping the allowable jet transverse energy at $30\, \hbox{GeV}$ rather than $50\, \hbox{GeV}$ and thus eliminate much of this background without diminishing the signal rate significantly. Then, with $300\,\hbox{fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity the discovery criteria can be met.
An earlier ATLAS study [@SlavaZmushko01; @ATLASTDRSUSY] also sought to map out the discovery reach of the Higgs boson to neutralino four-lepton signature within the mSUGRA framework transposed onto the ($M_A$, $\tan\beta$) plane. Though some statements to the contrary are included in this ATLAS study, it does seem to have been focused on the $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ contributions (analogous to previously-discussed general MSSM studies of this signature), thus apparently omitting parameter sets such as mSUGRA Point B considered herein. Thus, the viability of mSUGRA Point B indicates an enlargement of the signal discovery region to higher values of $M_A$ (and the mSUGRA parameter $M_0$) at intermediate values of $\tan\beta$ ([*i.e.*]{},in the ‘decoupling’ region) from that reported in this ATLAS study (akin to the enlargements shown in the general MSSM case, though the extent of this enlargement in the case of mSUGRA models will not be quantified herein).
\[tab:mSUGRAPtA\]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Process $4\ell$ events ${\ell}^+{\ell}^-{\ell}^{{\scriptscriptstyle ( \prime )}+} $Z^0$-veto $E_T^{\ell}$ $E_T^{\rm{miss}}$ $E_{T}^{\rm{jet}}$ $4\ell$ inv. m.
{\ell}^{{\scriptscriptstyle ( \prime )}-}$
------------------------------------------------- ---------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ -------------- ------------------- -------------------- -----------------
$\widetilde{q}$, $\widetilde{g}$ 927 504 312 280 174 0 0
$\widetilde{\ell}$,$\widetilde{\nu}$ 326 178 145 117 100 71 58
$\widetilde{\chi} \widetilde{\chi}, 567 294 203 179 121 29 21
\widetilde{q} / \widetilde{g} \widetilde{\chi}$
$tH^-$ + c.c. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
$Z^{0(*)} Z^{0(*)}$ 1733 1683 43 39 5 4 4
$t\bar{t} Z^{0(*)}$ 47 23 2 1 1 0 0
$t\bar{t} h^0$ 4 2 2 1 1 0 0
$H^0,A^0$ signal 46,140 40,123 38,122 38,120 30,83 24,66 24,66
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Event rates after the successive cuts defined in the text for mSUGRA Point A (assuming an integrated luminosity of $100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$).
\[tab:mSUGRAPtB\]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Process $4\ell$ events ${\ell}^+{\ell}^-{\ell}^{{\scriptscriptstyle ( \prime )}+} $Z^0$-veto $E_T^{\ell}$ $E_T^{\rm{miss}}$ $E_{T}^{\rm{jet}}$ $4\ell$ inv. m.
{\ell}^{{\scriptscriptstyle ( \prime )}-}$
------------------------------------------------- ---------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ -------------- ------------------- -------------------- -----------------
$\widetilde{q}$, $\widetilde{g}$ 4504 2598 1911 1672 917 12 12
$\widetilde{\ell}$,$\widetilde{\nu}$ 309 169 134 110 94 67 57
$\widetilde{\chi} \widetilde{\chi}, 579 302 206 174 115 32 27
\widetilde{q} / \widetilde{g} \widetilde{\chi}$
$tH^-$ + c.c. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
$Z^{0(*)} Z^{0(*)}$ 1733 1683 43 39 5 4 4
$t\bar{t} Z^{0(*)}$ 47 23 2 1 1 0 0
$t\bar{t} h^0$ 5 2 1 1 1 0 0
$H^0,A^0$ signal 43,130 38,118 37,116 37,116 29,93 23,75 23,75
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Event rates after the successive cuts defined in the text for mSUGRA Point B (assuming an integrated luminosity of $100\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$).
Wedgebox analysis of Higgs boson decays to –ino pairs
=====================================================
The wedgebox plot technique was introduced in a previous work [@Cascade] which focused on neutralino pairs produced via colored sparticle production and subsequent ‘cascade’ decays. Another work [@EWpaper] has just recently focused on neutralino pairs produced via EW processes, including via a $Z^{0(*)}$ boson or via $H^0$,$A^0$ production; the former is termed ‘direct’ production while the latter is ‘Higgs-mediated’ production. A jet cut was found to be fairly efficient in separating these two neutralino pair-production modes from cascade production assuming the colored gluinos and squarks are fairly heavy.
To utilize the wedgebox technique, the criteria for the final four-lepton state are further sharpened by demanding that the final state consist of one $e^+ e^-$ pair and one $\mu^+ \mu^-$ pair [^26]. The wedgebox plot then consists of the $M(\mu^+ \mu^-)$ invariant mass plotted versus the $M(e^+ e^-)$ invariant mass for all candidate events. If a given neutralino, $\widetilde\chi^0_i$, decays to the LSP, $\widetilde\chi^0_1$, and a charged lepton pair via a three-body decay mediated by a virtual $Z^{0*}$ or virtual/off-mass-shell charged slepton, then $M(\ell^+\ell^-)$ is bounded from above by $m_{\widetilde{\chi}^0_i} - m_{\widetilde{\chi}^0_1}$ (and from below by $0$ if lepton masses are neglected). Given a sufficient number of events, the wedgebox plot of the signal events will be composed of a superposition of ‘boxes’ and ‘wedges’ [@Cascade], in the $M(e^+ e^-)$-$M(\mu^+ \mu^-)$ plane resulting from decay chains of the form: $$H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde\chi^0_i \widetilde\chi^0_j
\rightarrow e^+ e^- \mu^+ \mu^- \widetilde\chi^0_1\widetilde\chi^0_1 \; .$$ If $\widetilde\chi^0_i$ ($\widetilde\chi^0_j$) decays into an $e^+e^-$ ($\mu^+\mu^-$) pair, then $M(e^+ e^-)$ ($M(\mu^+ \mu^-)$) is bounded above by $m_{\widetilde{\chi}^0_i} - m_{\widetilde{\chi}^0_1}$ ($m_{\widetilde{\chi}^0_j} - m_{\widetilde{\chi}^0_1}$). On the other hand, if $\widetilde\chi^0_i$ ($\widetilde\chi^0_j$) decays into a $\mu^+\mu^-$ ($e^+e^-$) pair, then these $M(e^+ e^-)$ and $M(\mu^+ \mu^-)$ upper bounds are swapped. Superposition of these two possibilities yields a ‘box’ when $i=j$ (which will be called an ‘$i$-$i$ box’) and a ‘wedge’ (or ‘L-shape’) when $i \ne j$ (this will be called an ‘$i$-$j$-wedge’).
A heavy neutralino, $\widetilde\chi^0_i$, could instead decay to the $\widetilde\chi^0_1$ $+$ leptons final state via a pair of two-body decays featuring an on-mass-shell charged slepton of mass[^27] $m_{\widetilde{\ell}}$. Events containing such decays will lead to the same wedgebox pattern topologies as noted above; however, the upper bound on $M(\ell^+\ell^-)$ is modified to [@Paige] $$\label{two-body}
M(\ell^+\ell^-) < m_{\widetilde{\chi}_i^0}
\sqrt{ 1 - \left(\frac{m_{\widetilde{\ell}}}
{m_{\widetilde{\chi}_i^0}}\right)^{\!\!\! 2}}
\sqrt{ 1 -
\left(\frac{m_{\widetilde{\chi}_1^0}}
{m_{\widetilde{\ell}}}\right)^{\!\!\! 2}} \;\; .$$ The $M(\ell^+\ell^-)$ spectrum is basically triangular in this case and sharply peaked toward the upper bound, while the former three-body decays yield a similar but less sharply peaked spectrum. The two-body decay series alternatively could be via an on-mass-shell $Z^0$, resulting in an $M(\ell^+\ell^-) = M_Z$ spike.
Additional complications can arise if the heavy neutralino $\widetilde\chi^0_i$ can decay into another neutralino $\widetilde\chi^0_j$ ($j \ne 1$) or a chargino which subsequently decays to yield the $\widetilde\chi^0_1$ final state. These may introduce new features to the wedgebox plot: $\widetilde\chi^0_i$ to $\widetilde\chi^0_j$ ($j \ne 1$) decay chains involving $\widetilde{\chi}_3^0 \rightarrow \ell^+\ell^-\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$, $\widetilde{\chi}_4^0 \rightarrow \ell^+\ell^-\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$, and/or $\widetilde{\chi}_4^0 \rightarrow \ell^+\ell^-\widetilde{\chi}_3^0$ will generate additional abrupt event population changes or edges, termed ‘stripes,’ on the wedgebox plot. One can imagine quite elaborate decay chains, with $\widetilde{\chi}_4^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_3^0 \rightarrow
\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_1^0$ for instance. However, such elaborate chains are very unlikely to emerge from any reasonable or even allowed choice of MSSM input parameters. Further, each step in such elaborate decay chains either produces extra visible particles in the final state or one must pay the price of the BR to neutrino-containing states. The latter tends to make the contribution from such channels insignificant, while the former, in addition to also being suppressed by the additional BRs, may also be cut if extra restrictions are placed on the final state composition in addition to demanding an $e^+e^-$ pair and a $\mu^+\mu^-$ pair. The aforementioned extra visible particles could be two more leptons, meaning that all four leptons come from only one of the initial -inos, $\widetilde{\chi}_i^0 \rightarrow \ell^+\ell^- \widetilde{\chi}_k^0
\rightarrow \ell^+\ell^- {\ell^{\prime}}^+{\ell^{\prime}}^-
\widetilde{\chi}_1^0$, while the other –ino, which must yield no leptons (or other visible final state SM particles forbidden by additional cuts), decays via $\widetilde{\chi}_j^0 \rightarrow \nu\bar{\nu} \widetilde{\chi}_1^0$ or $\widetilde{\chi}_j^0 \rightarrow q\bar{q} \widetilde{\chi}_1^0$. Again though such channels will be suppressed by the additional required BRs. A further caveat is that decays with extra missing energy (carried off by neutrinos, for example) or missed particles can further smear the endpoint. The presence of charginos may also further complicate the wedgebox picture. Heavier –inos can decay to the LSP $+$ lepton pair final state via a chargino, $\widetilde{\chi}_i^0 \rightarrow \ell^+\nu \widetilde{\chi}_1^-
\rightarrow \ell^+\nu {\ell^{\prime}}^-{\bar{\nu}}^{\prime}
\widetilde{\chi}_1^0$, or a Higgs boson itself may decay into a chargino pair, with one chargino subsequently yielding three leptons while the other chargino yields the remaining one (such events are called ‘3+1 events’ [@EWpaper]). The chargino yielding three leptons will typically decay via a $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$, resulting in a re-enforcement of the solely –ino-generated wedgebox plot topology. A single chargino-generated lepton paired with another lepton from a different source produces a wedge-like structure but with no definite upper bound. For a more in-depth discussion of these nuances, see [@EWpaper].
The right-hand plot in Fig. \[Point1squareWBplot\] shows the wedgebox plot obtained in the case of MSSM Point 1, assuming an integrated LHC luminosity of $300\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$. Criteria for event selection are as given in the previous section, save that the more restrictive demand of an $e^+e^-{\mu}^+{\mu}^-$ final state is applied while the $Z^0$-veto and four-lepton invariant mass cuts are not applied. Both signal and background events are included; the former are colored black. The latter consist of both SM backgrounds (on- or off-mass-shell $Z^0$-boson pair-production — $Z^{0(*)}Z^{0(*)}$, $83$ events, and $t\bar{t}Z^{0(*)}$, largely removed by the missing energy and jet cuts, $2$ remaining events; these events are colored red and purple, respectively, in Fig. \[Point1squareWBplot\] ) and MSSM sparticle production processes (‘direct’ neutralino or chargino production, $4$ events, and slepton pair-production, $22$ events; such events are colored green and blue, respectively, in Fig. \[Point1squareWBplot\]). No events from colored sparticle production survive the cuts, particularly the jet cut — this is a crucial result. Signal events consist of $14$ $H^0$ events and $25$ $A^0$ events, yielding a signal to background of $39:111 = 1:2.85$. With $S / \sqrt{{B} } = 3.7$, this is not good enough to claim a discovery based on Relation (\[disccrit\]). If the input CP-odd Higgs boson mass is lowered to $M_A = 400\, \hbox{GeV}$, whose wedgebox plot is the left-hand plot of Fig. \[Point1squareWBplot\], then the number of signal events rises to $14$ + $52$ = $66$ $H^0$ and $A^0$ events (runs for MSSM backgrounds gave $2$ ‘direct’ neutralino-chargino events and $26$ slepton-pair production events), yielding $S / \sqrt{{B} } = 6.2$ and satisfying Relation (\[disccrit\]). Note how the increase is solely due to more $A^0$-generated events. Comparing the $M_A = 500\, \hbox{GeV}$ (MSSM Point 1) plot $(b)$ and the $M_A = 400\, \hbox{GeV}$ plot $(a)$ in Fig. \[Point1squareWBplot\] shows how the increased number of signal events in $(a)$ more fully fills in the $2$-$2$ box whose outer edges (dashed lines in the figure) are given by $m_{\widetilde{\chi}_2^0} - m_{\widetilde{\chi}_1^0}=86.6\, \hbox{GeV}$ since for these input parameters slepton masses are too high to permit $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays into on-mass-shell sleptons.
-0.5cm
-0.2cm
A key observation is that the distributions of the signal and the background events differ markedly[^28]. All but one of the signal events lie within the $2$-$2$ box[^29]. The majority of the slepton pair-production events ($19$ out of $26$ events for $(a)$ and $17$ out of $22$ events for $(b)$), the dominant MSSM background, lie outside the $2$-$2$ box. The topology of these ‘3+1’ events is a $2$-$2$ box plus a wedge lacking a clear outer edge extending from said box (see [@EWpaper]). The few ‘direct’ neutralino and chargino production events happen to all lie within the $2$-$2$ box; however, these events are actually due to[^30] $\widetilde{\chi}_2 \widetilde{\chi}_3$ pair-production and thus, for a larger sample, such events would populate a $2$-$3$ wedge with many of the events falling outside of the $2$-$2$ box.
SM background events are concentrated on and around lines where either $M(e^+ e^-)$ and/or $M(\mu^+ \mu^-)$ equals $M_Z$, which unfortunately is close to the outer edges of the $2$-$2$ box. Using the unfair advantage of color-coded events, one can correctly choose to place the edges of the box so as to exclude most of the SM background events. Experimentalists may have a more difficult time deciding on wedgebox edges that lie too close to $M_Z$. Though, at the price of perhaps losing some of the signal events[^31], one could make a selection rule of an effective $2$-$2$ box with edges sufficiently within $M_Z$ in such cases. Correct identification of the outer edge value for the $2$-$2$ box removes all but $11$ of the $85$ SM background events. The signal:background is then $39:20$ for $(b)$ and $66:19$ for $(a)$, an immense improvement in the purity of the samples — both points now certainly satisfy the Relation (\[disccrit\]) criterion. Accepting only points lying within a box with outer edges at $80\, \hbox{GeV}$, more safely eliminating SM $Z^{0(*)} Z^{0(*)}$ events, leads to a signal:background of $33:12$ for $(b)$ and $59:14$ for $(a)$. Note that one can also select points lying well outside the $2$-$2$ box to get a fairly pure sample (at this point in the parameter space) of slepton pair-production events. Even if one does not know where Nature has chosen to reside in the MSSM input parameter space, the selection of only events occupying one distinct topological feature of the experimental wedgebox plot may yield a sample pure enough (though one may not know exactly what purified sample one has obtained!) to be amenable to other means of analysis (perhaps entailing some addition reasonable hypotheses as to what sparticles might be involved) [@MassRelMeth].
Fig. \[Point2wedgeWBplot\] in turn examines several related choices for input parameter sets, including MSSM Point 2 — which is plot $(c)$ therein, in which $H^0$ and $A^0$ have large BRs into heavier –ino pairs such that the majority of the $4\ell$ signal events do not arise from $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays for all points save that of plot $(b)$. Plot $(d)$ differs from MSSM Point 2, plot $(c)$, only in that the Higgsino mixing parameter $\mu$ is shifted from $\mu = -200\, \hbox{GeV}$ to $\mu = -250\, \hbox{GeV}$. Yet even this modest change drastically alters the topology of the resulting wedgebox plot. This is illustrative of how the wedgebox plot may be useful in extracting fairly detailed information about the –ino spectrum and corresponding MSSM input parameters. In plots $(a)$ and $(b)$ of Fig. \[Point2wedgeWBplot\] the EW gaugino input parameters are raised from $M_2 = 200\, \hbox{GeV}$ in plots $(c)$ and $(d)$ to $M_2 = 280\, \hbox{GeV}$ (recall the assumption used herein that the value of $M_1$ is tied to that of $M_2$). Also $\tan\beta$ is lowered from $35$ to $20$, while $\mu$ values of plots $(c)$ and $(d)$ are retained. Again, these shifts in input parameters radically alter the resulting wedgebox topology. Plots $(a)$ and $(b)$ clearly show wedge-like topologies. Note again the markedly different event distributions for the signal and background events in all four plots, but particularly striking in plot $(a)$. Note how the four MSSM parameter set points yielding the wedgebox plots depicted in Fig. \[Point2wedgeWBplot\] all might crudely be categorized as high $\tan\beta$, low $| \mu |$, low to moderate $M_2$, and light slepton points. Yet the associated wedgebox plots come out decidedly different.
-0.5cm
-0.6cm
Taking advantage of knowing which points in MSSM parameter space are being simulated (something the experimentalist cannot know in the actual experiment) allows comparison between the assorted calculated production rates at the four points and the observed features on the wedgebox plots. Table \[tab:pairperc\] gives such theoretical estimates based on analysis of ISAJET (ISASUSY) 7.58 results for the four points[^32]. It must be borne in mind though that effects from cuts may alter the percentage contributions found on the wedgebox plots from those given in Table \[tab:pairperc\].
-0.5cm
Decay Pair
------------------------------------------------------- ------- -------- ------- -------- ------- --------- ------- ------
${\widetilde\chi}^0_2$ ${\widetilde\chi}^0_2$ $18.$ $6$% $70.$ $6$% $0.$ $0015$% $35.$ $0$%
${\widetilde\chi}^0_2$ ${\widetilde\chi}^0_3$ $0.$ $1$% $4.$ $5$% $0.$ $05$% $13.$ $1$%
${\widetilde\chi}^0_2$ ${\widetilde\chi}^0_4$ $45.$ $1$% $13.$ $0$% $0.$ $05$% $1.$ $6$%
${\widetilde\chi}^0_3$ ${\widetilde\chi}^0_3$ $1.$ $5$% $0.$ $4$% $2.$ $7$% $0.$ $9$%
${\widetilde\chi}^0_3$ ${\widetilde\chi}^0_4$ $18.$ $1$% $5.$ $0$% $45.$ $0$% $9.$ $5$%
${\widetilde\chi}^0_4$ ${\widetilde\chi}^0_4$ $0$ $0$ $39.$ $6$% $7.$ $8$%
${\widetilde\chi}^{\pm}_1$ ${\widetilde\chi}^{\mp}_2$ $16.$ $6$% $6.$ $5$% $11.$ $3$% $31.$ $8$%
${\widetilde\chi}^+_2$ ${\widetilde\chi}^-_2$ $0$ $0$ $1.$ $4$% $0.$ $3$%
${\widetilde\chi}^0_1$ ${\widetilde\chi}^0_3$ $0.$ $001$% $0.$ $005$% $0.$ $05$%
${\widetilde\chi}^0_1$ ${\widetilde\chi}^0_4$ $0.$ $02$% $0.$ $01$%
$H^0,A^0$ evts.
bckgrd. evts.
: [ Percentage contributions to $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow 4\ell$ events from the various neutralino and chargino pair-production modes for the four MSSM Parameter set points given in Fig. \[Point2wedgeWBplot\]. Based upon ISAJET(ISASUSY) 7.58 [@ISAJET] with no consideration given to any cuts. Decays that are kinematically not allowed are marked by a $0$; contributions below $0.001$% are marked as negligible ($neg$). $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow Z^{0(*)} Z^{0(*)}$, $H^0 \rightarrow h^0 h^0$ and $A^0 \rightarrow h^0 Z^{0(*)}$ make negligible contributions in all cases. Also given are the number of $H^0$,$A^0$ signal events and the number of background events, assuming $300\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity as in the figure. ]{}
\[tab:pairperc\]
The first thing to notice from this table is the virtual absence of events stemming from $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ to $\widetilde{\chi}_1^0$ decays for MSSM Point 2 = plot $(c)$ relative to the other three points. This is due to the fact that, for this input parameter set, the sparticle spectrum satisfies the condition that $m_{\widetilde{\nu}} < m_{\widetilde{\chi}_2^0} <
m_{\widetilde{\ell}^{\pm}}$, meaning that $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ mainly decays via an on-mass-shell sneutrino ‘spoiler’ mode, $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \rightarrow
\widetilde{\nu} \bar{\nu} \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_1^0 \nu \bar{\nu}$, and its BR into a pair of charged leptons is highly suppressed. For the other three points, $m_{\widetilde{\chi}_2^0} >
m_{\widetilde{\ell}^{\pm}},m_{\widetilde{\nu}}$. Actually, of the four wedgebox plots shown in Fig. \[Point2wedgeWBplot\], the one for MSSM Point 2 most closely resembles a simple box. However, Table \[tab:pairperc\] indicates that (before cuts) $45.0$% of the events are from $\widetilde{\chi}_3^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0$, $39.6$% of the events are from $\widetilde{\chi}_4^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0$, and $12.7$% of the events are from $\widetilde{\chi}_1^{\pm} \widetilde{\chi}_2^{\mp}, \,
\widetilde{\chi}_2^+ \widetilde{\chi}_2^-$.
In Fig. \[Point2wedgeWBplot\], charged sleptons are now light enough so that the neutralino to slepton decay chains, which make significant contributions to the four-lepton signal events, may proceed via on-mass-shell charged sleptons. So while the outer edges of the $2$-$2$ box in Fig. \[Point1squareWBplot\] was determined by the $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$-$\widetilde{\chi}_1^0$ mass difference, here Relation \[two-body\] brings the slepton masses into play[^33]. In plot $(a)$, virtually all $\widetilde{\chi}_i^0$ to $\widetilde{\chi}_1^0$ decays proceed via on-mass-shell sleptons, but only the $\widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ to $\widetilde{\chi}_1^0$ decay edge is significantly altered (by more than a couple GeV) — from $m_{\widetilde{\chi}_4^0} - m_{\widetilde{\chi}_4^0} = 185\, \hbox{GeV}$ to $151$-$156\, \hbox{GeV}$ (at this point, $18$% of four-lepton events are from $\widetilde{\chi}_3^0\widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ according to Table \[tab:pairperc\]). On the other hand, in plot $(b)$, where the $\widetilde{\chi}_i^0$ also decay to $\widetilde{\chi}_1^0$ via on-mass-shell sleptons, edges are shifted from $m_{\widetilde{\chi}_i^0} - m_{\widetilde{\chi}_1^0} = 82,124,192\, \hbox{GeV}$ to $76$-$78,101$-$107,140$-$149\, \hbox{GeV}$ for $i=2,3,4$, respectively[^34], with $i=2,3,4$ decays all making noteworthy four-lepton event contributions. For MSSM Point 2 = plot $(c)$, the shift in the $\widetilde{\chi}_3^0$ to $\widetilde{\chi}_1^0$ decay edge is only $3.5$-$5\, \hbox{GeV}$ while the $\widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ to $\widetilde{\chi}_1^0$ edge is virtually unchanged. This accounts for $87.3$% of the four-lepton events by Table \[tab:pairperc\]. The situation with $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ is slightly complicated: $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ can only decay into $\widetilde{\chi}_1^0$ via an on-mass-shell[^35] $\widetilde{\mu}_1$, and this would lead to a tremendous shift in the edge position (from $61\, \hbox{GeV}$ to $15\, \hbox{GeV}$); however, this is so close to the kinematical limit that decays through off-mass-shell $Z^{0*}$ should be competitive (again placing the edge at ${\sim}61\, \hbox{GeV}$). [*But*]{}, since $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays lead to only a tiny fraction of the four-lepton events, note how there is no visible edge or population discontinuity at this location (the innermost dashed box) on the wedgebox plot. Lastly, with plot $(d)$, again on-mass-shell slepton decays totally dominate for $i=2,3,4$, but only the $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ to $\widetilde{\chi}_1^0$ decay edge is significantly shifted (from $75.2\, \hbox{GeV}$ to $51.5$-$60.4\, \hbox{GeV}$[^36]. But, by Table \[tab:pairperc\], this decay is the most important contributor to the signal events.
For plot $(a)$ of Fig. \[Point2wedgeWBplot\], the expected $2$-$4$ wedge stands out clearly among the signal events, with outer edges at the expected location. The background is mostly from direct $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_3^0$ direct production, giving the $2$-$3$ wedge shown in green (direct neutralino-neutralino production is predominantly $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_3^0$ at all interesting points in the MSSM parameter space, with direct $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ production always highly suppressed [@EWpaper]). The proximity of this wedge’s outer edges to the red $M_Z$ lines may complicate the experimental analysis; however, if the SM $Z^{0(*)}Z^{0(*)}$ background is well-modeled, a subtraction technique to clear up this zone may be feasible. Note that selecting only events with $100\, \hbox{GeV} < M(e^+e^-) \: < \: 150\, \hbox{GeV}$, $0 < M({\mu}^+ {\mu}^-) \: < \: 50\, \hbox{GeV}$ or $0 < M(e^+ e^-) \: < \: 50\, \hbox{GeV}$ $100\, \hbox{GeV} \: < \: M({\mu}^+ {\mu}^-) < 150\, \hbox{GeV}$, corresponding to the legs of the $2$-$4$ wedge lying beyond the $2$-$3$ wedge and the $Z^0$-line, changes the signal:background ratio from $728$:$683$ seen on the plot to $128$:$15$. This is an example of a cut that can be applied [*a posteriori*]{} based on the examination of the wedgebox plot — as opposed to assuming [*a priori*]{} extra knowledge about where in the MSSM parameter space Nature has chosen to sit.
Plot $(b)$ of Fig. \[Point2wedgeWBplot\] mainly shows a densely-populated $2$-$2$ box whose edges are well inside the $M_Z$ lines. A faint $2$-$3$ or $2$-$4$ wedge is also discernible (in fact Table \[tab:pairperc\] shows this to be a $2$-$4$ wedge), while the empty upper-right corner which does not join with the $2$-$2$ box suggests that $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ and $\widetilde{\chi}_3^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ decays are present while $\widetilde{\chi}_4^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ are absent (further suggesting that said decay mode is kinematically inaccessible, which helps pin down the relative masses of the heavy Higgs bosons and the heavier neutralinos).
Plot $(c)$’s most obvious feature is an outer box, which in fact is a $4$-$4$ box. Topology alone does not distinguish this from a plot dominated by a $3$-$3$ box or a $2$-$2$ box, though the location of the outer edges well beyond $M_Z$ might give pause for entertaining the latter possibility. A $3$-$4$ wedge may also be discerned from the somewhat diminished event population in the upper right-hand box in the plot. Comparison of this plot with the other three quickly points out the absence of a dense event-population in this plot. Seeing such a wedgebox plot experimentally strongly hints that leptonic $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays are being suppressed, perhaps with a mass spectrum favoring sneutrino spoiler modes as noted above.
Like plot $(b)$, plot $(d)$ shows a $2$-$2$ box, but with outer edges at a very different location. Plot $(d)$ also has more signal events outside of the $2$-$2$ box than does plot $(b)$, and said events are more scattered in $(d)$. A lot of these events are from $H^0,A^0$ decays into $\widetilde{\chi}_1^{\pm} \widetilde{\chi}_2^{\mp}$ pairs. Thus, the alignment of the wedgebox features to the dashed lines derived from neutralino features shown is less compelling.
In both Fig. \[Point1squareWBplot\] and Fig. \[Point2wedgeWBplot\], note how closely the wedgebox plot features, obtained by the full event generator & detector simulation analysis, conform to the dashed-line borders expected from the simple formula \[two-body\]. This strongly supports the assertion that a wedgebox-style analysis is realistic in the actual experimental situation.
Summary and conclusions
=======================
Recapping the findings presented herein:
New signals
-----------
For many interesting choices of the basic input parameters of the MSSM, heavier Higgs boson decay modes of the type $H^0, A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_i^0 \widetilde{\chi}_j^0$, with $i,j \ne 1$ are potentially important LHC signal modes. The neutralinos’ subsequent leptonic decays, typified by $\widetilde{\chi}_i^0 \rightarrow \ell^+ \ell^- \widetilde{\chi}_1^0$, can yield a four-isolated-lepton (where here $\ell$ refers to electrons and/or muons) plus missing-transverse-energy signature. Such leptonic neutralino decays may proceed via either an intermediate charged slepton or via an intermediate $Z^{0(*)}$, where in either case this intermediate state may be on- or off-mass-shell. The present study presents for the first time a systematic investigation of the potential for discovering such a signature at the LHC, including all possible such neutralino pairs: $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0\widetilde{\chi}_2^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_2^0\widetilde{\chi}_3^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_2^0\widetilde{\chi}_4^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_3^0\widetilde{\chi}_3^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_3^0\widetilde{\chi}_4^0,
\, \hbox{and}\, \widetilde{\chi}_4^0\widetilde{\chi}_4^0$. Other Higgs boson decays that may lead to the same signature are also incorporated, including: decays to chargino pairs $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_1^{\pm} \widetilde{\chi}_2^{\mp},
\widetilde{\chi}_2^+ \widetilde{\chi}_2^-$, in which case $\widetilde{\chi}_2^{\mp}$ yields three leptons while the other chargino gives the fourth; $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_1^0 \widetilde{\chi}_3^0,
\widetilde{\chi}_1^0 \widetilde{\chi}_4^0$, where the $\widetilde{\chi}_3^0$ or $\widetilde{\chi}_4^0$ must provide all four leptons; and $H^0 \rightarrow h^0 h^0, Z^{0(*)} Z^{0(*)}$, $A^0 \rightarrow h^0 Z^{0(*)}$, & $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\ell}^+ \widetilde{\ell}^-$, all three of which yield negligible contributions in all cases studied. This surpasses previous studies which restricted virtually all of their attention to $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$, and also did not consider the possibility of neutralino decays to on-mass-shell sleptons (with the incorporation of the heaviest neutralinos as is done herein this assumption becomes particularly restrictive).
Naturally, at least some of the –inos must be reasonably light for this $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow 4\ell + E_T^{\rm{miss}}$ signature to be seen. Parameter-space scans studying the potential scope of such a signal indicate that the –ino parameter $M_2$ needs to be relatively low while the Higgsino mixing parameter $\mu$ need not be so constrained (however, if $| \mu |$ is not also relatively low, then the signal is dominated by the $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ mode). Relatively light slepton masses are also quite helpful, and the slepton mass spectrum plays a crucial rôle in determining for what values of the other MSSM input parameters large rates may occur. Said large rates are possible throughout most of the phenomenologically-interesting value ranges of the Higgs-sector parameters $M_A$ and $\tan\beta$, depending of course on the accompanying choice of other MSSM inputs, as the discovery regions delineated herein illustrate.
Comparison with previous results
--------------------------------
To clearly demonstrate the potential importance of the $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow 4\ell + E_T^{\rm{miss}}$ signature in the hunt for the heavier Higgs bosons, Figs. \[Point1ATLAS:discovery\] and \[Point2ATLAS:discovery\] again show the discovery regions associated with MSSM Point 1 and MSSM Point 2 neutralino input parameter sets (as depicted before in Figs. \[fig7:discovery\] and \[fig8:discovery\], respectively), but this time with a logarithmic scale for $\tan\beta$ [*and*]{} also showing the expected reaches, assuming $300\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity at the LHC, of Higgs boson decay modes into SM daughter particles as developed by the ATLAS collaboration [@ATLASsource][^37]. Clearly, the new neutralino decay mode signature can extend the discovery reach for the heavier MSSM Higgs bosons to much higher values of $M_A$, and also offer at least partial coverage of the so-called ‘decoupling region’ where only the lightest Higgs state $h^0$ could be established in the past (through its decays into SM objects) and where said $h^0$ may be difficult to distinguish from the sole Higgs boson of the minimal SM. Thus, a more complete analysis of the $H^0, A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_i^0
\widetilde{\chi}_j^0$ modes as is presented here may be crucial to the establishment of an extended Higgs sector. The inclusion of the heavier neutralinos, $\widetilde{\chi}_3^0$ and $\widetilde{\chi}_4^0$, absent in previous studies, is essential in extending the reach of the $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow 4\ell + E_T^{\rm{miss}}$ signature up to the higher Higgs boson masses unattainable by the SM decay modes.
It should be noted that the ATLAS discovery contours presented in Figs. \[Point1ATLAS:discovery\] and \[Point2ATLAS:discovery\] are [*not*]{} obtained using the same choice of MSSM input parameters as are the $H^0, A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_i^0
\widetilde{\chi}_j^0$ discovery regions developed in the present work. In fact, the ATLAS discovery regions used input choices designed to eliminate, or at least minimize, the Higgs boson decays into sparticles. Thus, the reach of the ATLAS discovery contours essentially represents the maximum expanse in the MSSM parameter space achievable through these Higgs boson decays to SM particles under the (unsubstantiated) assumption of a very heavy sparticle sector. Stated another way: were the ATLAS discovery regions to be generated for the same set of neutralino input parameters as the $H^0, A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_i^0 \widetilde{\chi}_j^0$ discovery regions presented herein, the former may well [*shrink*]{} in size (and certainly [*not increase*]{}), further emphasizing the importance of thoroughly studying the $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow 4\ell + E_T^{\rm{miss}}$ signature. It would certainly be desirable to re-do the SM-like signature reaches of MSSM Higgs bosons in the presence of light sparticle spectra identical to those
-1.95cm -1.0cm
-0.7cm
-1.2cm \[Point1ATLAS:discovery\]
-1.50cm -1.0cm
-0.75cm
-0.80cm \[Point2ATLAS:discovery\]
studied herein for the Higgs-to-sparticle decay channels; however, this is clearly beyond the scope and capabilities of this study. It also must be emphasized that the diminution of the expected signatures from SM decay modes of the MSSM Higgs bosons was investigated in [@PRD1] and thus is fairly well-established as well as inherently sensible.
Previous studies exploring Higgs-to-sparticle decay channels, whether for neutral Higgs bosons ([*e.g.*]{}, CMS [@CMS1]) or for charged Higgs bosons ([*e.g.*]{}, ATLAS [@Tord], CMS [@EPJC2]), — and comparing, to some extent, SM and SUSY decay modes — have not re-scaled the reaches of previously-studied SM decay channels (done by the same collaboration) to allow a reasonable comparison to the new-found sparticle decay modes; nor have the SM decay modes been re-analyzed for the same set of MSSM input parameters. Yet clearly such comparisons are absolutely essential to gauge the scope and impact of the new sparticle-decay channels. Certainly, the comparisons presented in Figs. \[Point1ATLAS:discovery\] and \[Point2ATLAS:discovery\] are less than optimal; however, they are far from un-informative.
It is also important to keep in mind that the assumptions inherent in the ATLAS (and CMS) discovery regions for the SM decay modes of the MSSM Higgs bosons are no less restrictive than the choices of MSSM input parameters made to generate the two $4\ell + E_T^{\rm{miss}}$ discovery regions in this study. The parameter space scans of Sect. 2 further enable the reader to put the two discovery regions shown here into a wider perspective.
Production and decay phenomenology of the signal
------------------------------------------------
The new $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow 4\ell + E_T^{\rm{miss}}$ discovery regions have been mapped out using a full event generator-level analysis utilizing HERWIG coupled with a detector simulation on a par with experimental analyses. All significant backgrounds have been included in the analysis, some for the first time in the study of such a signature. The importance of the restriction on jet activity employed herein is particularly noteworthy. Without such a cut the Higgs signal could be swamped by the cascade decays of colored sparticles (gluinos and squarks), unless said sparticles are [*a priori*]{} assumed to be quite heavy (at or above the TeV scale). The ultimate limit of this type of jet cut, to demand that events be ‘hadronically quiet’ quickly springs to mind as an attractive search category. Yet care must be taken here since, in Higgs boson production via $gg \rightarrow H^0, A^0$ and $b \bar{b}
\rightarrow H^0 ,A^0$, jets emerge in the final state alongside the Higgs bosons due to PS effects, though such additional jets tend to be rather soft and collinear to the beam directions. In addition, rather than emulating Higgs boson production via $gg\rightarrow H^0, A^0$ and $b\bar{b} \rightarrow H^0 ,A^0$, one could instead consider $gg \rightarrow gg H^0 ,gg A^0$ and $gg \rightarrow b \bar{b} H^0 ,b \bar{b} A^0$ processes, in which case one might worry about stronger jet activity emerging. The true signal rate is the sum of these and the previous process types, after making a correction for the overlap (as discussed previously). HERWIG simulations of $gg \rightarrow b \bar{b} H^0 ,b \bar{b} A^0$ at selected points in the parameter space indicate that the these processes are in fact removed by the jet cut imposed herein. To better optimize the level of hadronic activity that should be allowed, full implementation of $2 \rightarrow 3$ loop processes ($gg \rightarrow gg H^0 ,gg A^0$ and other channels yielding two light jets and a $H^0, A^0$ in the final state) into HERWIG must be completed (work in progress [@SM]).
The BRs of $H^0$ and $A^0$ to the assorted –ino pairs can certainly differ markedly in regions where the signal is large, as seen for instance in Table 3; thus one must not assume that the two contribute a roughly equal number of events to the $4\ell + E_T^{\rm{miss}}$ signal rate. On the other hand, results also show that only in quite narrow low-$M_A$ threshold regions within the discovery areas (wherein the small $M_H$-$M_A$ mass difference is crucial) do events due to one or the other Higgs boson (in this case the lighter $A^0$) totally dominate, producing in excess of $90$% of the signal events. General statements beyond this concerning the $H^0$ and $A^0$ admixture present in the signal seem elusive. Throughout the $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$-dominated discovery region of Fig. \[fig7:discovery\], $A^0$ produced the majority of the events (though in some cases only slightly more than $H^0$); whereas in Fig. \[fig8:discovery\] there were substantial zones in which $H^0$ events dominated (as well as large segments wherein the two Higgs boson contributions were within ${\sim}20$% of each other). Finally, though the cuts did typically eliminate slightly more $H^0$ events than $A^0$ events, this effect was of little significance.
The topology of the signals
---------------------------
Note that in comparing the signal with the MSSM backgrounds, the present study follows the standard procedure of comparing signal and background rates at the same point in the MSSM parameter space. One could well ask whether or not larger backgrounds at a different point in parameter space could lead to the number of excess events attributed to the signal at the designated point in the MSSM parameter space. One way of addressing this issue is to look at the distribution of the signal+background events on a $M(e^+ e^-)$ [*vs.*]{} $M(\mu^+ \mu^-)$ wedgebox plot in addition to merely asking what is the raw rate. To wit, analyses of selected points in parameter space, again at the full event generator + detector simulation level, are presented illustrating that: (1) small changes in the MSSM input parameters can lead to significant topological changes in the pattern observed on the wedgebox plot; (2) the signal and background events often have markedly different distribution patterns on the wedgebox plot, pointing toward the possibility of further purifying cuts (perhaps in conjunction with extra information garnered from other studies or additional assumptions to clarify of what one is obtaining a purer sample) such as the example presented for plot $(a)$ of Fig. \[Point2wedgeWBplot\]; and (3) the composition of the $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow 4\ell + E_T^{\rm{miss}}$ signal, that is, what percentages are due to $H^0, A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_i^0 \widetilde{\chi}_j^0$ for different $i$ and $j$, may be ascertained to some level. The basic topological features of the wedgebox plot provide strong, often easily interpreted, leads as to which modes are the dominant contributors. The locations of the edges of such features on the wedgebox plot also provide information about the sparticle spectrum. The densities of event points in each component of wedgebox checkerboard can also be used to distinguish wedgebox plots with the same topological features/edges, such as, for instance, telling a wedgebox plot with a $2$-$3$ wedge and a $2$-$2$ box from one with only a $2$-$3$ wedge. Further, these point density distributions may be used to reconstruct information about the relative production rates of the different $H^0, A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_i^0 \widetilde{\chi}_j^0$ processes, though extracting such ‘dynamical’ information may well be far more complicated than is the task of extracting ‘kinematical’ information about the sparticle spectrum from the locations of the edges. All of this is further complicated by the remaining background events, and a more holistic study looking at both the Higgs boson produced signal and the MSSM backgrounds together may be most appropriate [@EWpaper].
Note {#note .unnumbered}
====
Motivated in part by the earlier archival submission of this work, a similar analysis was eventually carried out by a member of ATLAS [@simonetta], also aiming at mapping out MSSM Higgs boson discovery regions via $H^0, A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_i^0 \widetilde{\chi}_j^0$ decays. Results of this ATLAS analysis are essentially consistent with those presented herein, though the actual shapes of the discovery regions obtained differ somewhat. These differences are in part attributable to adopting different selection criteria and employing different simulation tools. Of particular note are the $t\bar t$ and $b\bar bZ^{0(*)}$ backgrounds which are quite significant in the case of the ATLAS analysis but yield no background events in this study[^38]. This is mainly due to the more stringent lepton isolation criteria adopted for this study which are very effective at removing leptons produced in these two would-be background processes from $B$-mesons decays. The restrictions on $E_T^\ell$, which are absent from [@simonetta], also aid in removing residual background events.
Acknowledgments {#acknowledgments .unnumbered}
===============
The authors thank the organizers of the 2003 Les Houches workshop in association with which earlier stages of this work were performed. We also thank Guang Bian for assistance in preparing a couple of the figures. Communications with Simonetta Gentile are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No. 10875063 to MB and a Royal Society Conference Grant to SM, who is also supported in part by the program ‘Visiting Professor - Azione D - Atto Integrativo tra la Regione Piemonte e gli Atenei Piemontesi’.
\#1 \#2 \#3 [ [Phys. Rev.]{} [**\#1**]{}, \#3 (\#2)]{} \#1 \#2 \#3[ [Phys. Rev. D]{} [**\#1**]{}, \#3 (\#2)]{} \#1 \#2 \#3[ [Phys. Rev. Lett.]{} [**\#1**]{}, \#3 (\#2)]{} \#1 \#2 \#3[ [Phys. Lett. B]{} [**\#1**]{}, \#3 (\#2)]{} \#1 \#2 \#3[ [Nucl. Phys. B]{} [**\#1**]{}, \#3 (\#2)]{} \#1 \#2 \#3[ [Phys. Rep.]{} [**\#1**]{}, \#3 (\#2)]{} \#1 \#2 \#3[ [Z. Phys. C]{} [**\#1**]{}, \#3 (\#2)]{} \#1 \#2 \#3[ [Eur. Phys. J. C]{} [**\#1**]{}, \#3 (\#2)]{} \#1 \#2 \#3[ [Mod. Phys. Lett. A]{} [**\#1**]{}, \#3 (\#2)]{} \#1 \#2 \#3[[Int. J. Mod. Phys. A]{} [**\#1**]{}, \#3 (\#2)]{} \#1 \#2 \#3[ [Prog. Theor. Phys.]{} [**\#1**]{}, \#3 (\#2)]{} \#1 \#2 \#3[ [J. High Energy Phys.]{} [**\#1**]{}, \#3 (\#2)]{} \#1 \#2 \#3[ [J. Phys. G]{} [**\#1**]{}, \#3 (\#2)]{}
[99]{}
J.F. Gunion, H.E. Haber, G.L. Kane and S. Dawson, “The Higgs Hunter Guide” (Addison-Wesley, Reading MA, 1990), [*Erratum*]{}, [hep-ph/9302272]{}.
A. Djouadi, .
S. Heinemeyer, W. Hollik and G. Weiglein, .
S. Heinemeyer, [hep-ph/0807.2514]{}.
S. Moretti, Pramana [**60**]{}, 369 (2003). K.A. Assamagan, A. Deandrea and P.-A. Delsart, .
H. Baer, M. Bisset, D. Dicus, C. Kao and X. Tata, .
H. Baer, M. Bisset, C. Kao and X. Tata .
F. Moortgat, S. Abdullin and D. Denegri, [hep-ph/0112046]{}.
C. Charlot, R. Salemo and Y. Sirois, .
P. Huang, N. Kersting and H.H. Yang, .
M. Bisset, Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa Ph.D. Dissertation, UH-511-813-94 (1994).
M. Bisset, M. Guchait and S. Moretti, .
CMS Collaboration Technical Design Report, Volumn II, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. [**34**]{}, 995 (2007). See page 380.
M. Bisset and L. Ran, work in progress.
ATLAS Collaboration, ATLAS detector and physics performance: Technical Design Report, Volume II, CERN-LHCC-99-015, May 1999, chapter 20, page 816. Using results from H. Baer, C.-H. Chen, F.E. Paige and X. Tata, .
C. Caso [*et al.*]{}, .
A. Djouadi, M. Drees and J.L. Kneur, , . M. Battaglia [*et al.*]{}, ; F. Mahmoudi, ; O. Buchmueller [*et al.*]{}, ; J.R. Ellis J.S. Lee and A. Pilaftsis, ; C.F. Berger, J.S. Gainer, J.L. Hewett and T.G. Rizzo, [arXiv:0812.0980 \[hep-ph\]]{}.
M. Bisset, F. Moortgat and S. Moretti, . H. Baer and X. Tata, .
P. Huang, N. Kersting and H.H. Yang, [arXiv:0802.0022 \[hep-ph\] ]{}
M. Bisset, R. Lu, N. Kersting, [arXiv:0806.2492 \[hep-ph\] ]{}
M. Bisset, N. Kersting, J. Li, S. Moretti and F. Moortgat, in [hep-ph/0406152]{}.
K.A. Assamagan [*et al.*]{}, in [hep-ph/0002258]{}.
K.A. Assamagan [*et al.*]{}, in [hep-ph/0203056]{}.
M. Bisset, N. Kersting, J. Li, F. Moortgat, S. Moretti and Q. L. Xie, .
See: [http://www.cern.ch/LEPSUSY/ ]{} and/or [http://lepsusy.web.cern.ch/lepsusy/ ]{}.
See: [http://lephiggs.web.cern.ch/LEPHIGGS/papers/]{}.
H. Baer, F.E. Paige, S.D. Protopopescu and X. Tata, [hep-ph/0001086]{}.
T. Ibrahim, . F. Maltoni, Z. Sullivan and S.S.D. Willenbrock, Phys. Rev. D [**67**]{}, 093005 (2003); F. Maltoni, T. McElmurry and S.S.D. Willenbrock, . V. Del Duca, W. Kilgore, C. Oleari, C. Schmidt and D. Zeppenfeld, Nucl. Phys. B [**616**]{}, 367 (2001).
J. Pumplin [*et al.*]{} (CTEQ Collaboration), , D. Stump [*et al.*]{} (CTEQ Collaboration), . S. Moretti, K. Odagiri, P. Richardson, M.H. Seymour and B.R. Webber, . G. Corcella [*et al.*]{}, J. High Energy Phys. [**0101**]{}, 010 (2001). G. Corcella [*et al.*]{}, [hep-ph/0210213]{}. G. Corcella [*et al.*]{}, [hep-ph/9912396]{}, [hep-ph/0107071]{}, [hep-ph/0201201]{}; see also: [ http:]{}\
[//www-thphys.physics.ox.ac.uk/users/PeterRichardson/HERWIG/isawig.html.]{}
M. Bisset, P. Roy and S. Raychaudhuri, [hep-ph/9602430]{}.
H. Baer, C.-H. Chen, F. Paige and X. Tata, Phys. Rev. D [**49**]{}, 3283 (1994).
A. Djouadi, J. Kalinowski and M. Spira, Comput. Phys. Commun. [**108**]{}, 56 (1998).
S. Moretti, L. Lonnblad and T. Sjostrand, . H. Baer, M. Bisset, C. Kao and X. Tata, .
T. Sjostrand, [hep-ph/9508391]{}. See Fig. 19-82 on page 774 of [@ATLASTDRSUSY]. Also Fig. 3.14 in T. Abe [*et al.*]{}, [hep-ex/0106056]{}.
S. Gennai [*et al.*]{}, . S. Zmushko [*et al.*]{}, ATL-COM-PHYS-1999-005, ATL-COM-PHYS-1998-009.
G. Bian, M. Bisset, N. Kersting, Y. Liu, and X. Wang, . G. Bian, M. Bisset, N. Kersting and R. Lu, work in progress.
F.E. Paige, [hep-ph/9609373]{}.
K. Kawagoe, M.M. Nojiri and G. Polesello, Phys. Rev. D [**71**]{} (2005) 035008; M.M. Nojiri, G. Polesello and D.R. Tovey, [hep-ph/0312317]{}; M.M. Nojiri, [hep-ph/0411127]{}.
C. Hansen, N. Gollub, K. Assamagan and T. Ekelof, Eur. Phys. J. C [**44S2**]{}, 1 (2005) \[[*Erratum-ibid.*]{} C [**44S2**]{}, 11 (2005)\]. S. Moretti, in preparation.
S. Gentile \[ATLAS Collaboration\], ATL-COM-PHYS2008-225, ATL-PHYS-PROC-2008-077 and ATL-PHYS-PROC-2009-020.
[^1]: $H^0,A^0$ top quark couplings are suppressed relative to a SM Higgs boson of the same mass.
[^2]: In addition, jet-free events from Higgs boson decays to tau-lepton pairs where both tau-leptons in turn decay leptonically also come with considerable background-separation challenges [@taulepdec].
[^3]: In the remainder, charginos and neutralinos collectively will be abbreviated by ‘–inos’.
[^4]: The decays $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_1^+ \widetilde{\chi}_1^-,
\widetilde{\chi}_1^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ were also studied in [@PRD1] but found to be unproductive due to large backgrounds to the resulting di-lepton signals.
[^5]: A preliminary account of this analysis is given in Ref. [@LesHouches2003].
[^6]: Similar studies for charged Higgs boson decays into a neutralino and a chargino, where the charged Higgs boson is produced in association with a $t$ or $\bar{t}$ quark are done in [@EPJC1; @EPJC2] (see also Refs. [@LesHouches1999; @LesHouches2001]).
[^7]: Several other MSSM inputs also enter into the radiatively-corrected MSSM Higgs boson masses and couplings of the MSSM Higgs bosons to SM particles, namely, inputs from the stop sector — the soft SUSY-breaking stop trilinear coupling $A_t$ plus the stop masses — and the Higgs/Higgsino mixing mass $\mu$. In the present work the stop masses are assumed to be heavy ($\approx 1\, \hbox{TeV}$) whereas $A_t$ is fixed to zero. The $\mu$ parameter is not crucial for the SM decay modes; however, it will become so when decays to –inos are considered.
[^8]: Further, if a sneutrino were the LSP and thus presumably the main constituent of galactic dark matter, its strong couplings to SM EW gauge bosons would lead to event rates probably inconsistent with those observed by Super-Kamiokande. In contrast, the coupling of an –ino to SM EW gauge bosons can be tuned to obtain rates consistent with current experimental limits.
[^9]: Unless this leads to $m_{\widetilde{\nu}} < m_{\widetilde{\chi}_2^0} <
m_{\widetilde{\ell}^{\pm}}$, in which case $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays to charged leptons will be suppressed with respect to $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ decays to neutrinos, to avoid which having $m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle R}} \,
< \, m_{\widetilde{\ell}_{\scriptscriptstyle L}}$ is preferred.
[^10]: These figures are generated using private codes; however, these have been cross-checked against those of the ISASUSY package of ISAJET [@ISAJET] and the two are generally consistent, exceptions being a few coding errors in ISASUSY and the latter’s inclusion of some mild radiative corrections for the slepton and –ino masses which are not incorporated into the codes used here. These caveats are noteworthy since results from the output of the ISASUSY code will be used as input for the simulation work that follows. These small distinctions may cause a shift in the parameter space locations of particularly-abrupt changes in the rates due to encountered thresholds, though the gross features found in this section and in the ISASUSY-based simulation studies are in very good agreement. Finally, note that higher-order corrections to the Higgs boson –ino –ino couplings are incorporated into neither ISASUSY nor the private code. A recent study[@radHiggsinoino] indicates that these generally enhance the partial decay widths by ${\cal O}$10%; enhancement to BRs may be even more. This would make rates reported in this work on the conservative low side.
[^11]: This choice of parameters, including the degenerate soft selectron, smuon and stau inputs, also corresponds to one of the choices adopted in [@CMS1].
[^12]: There is an alternative $2 \rightarrow 3$ approach based on MC implementation of $gg/q\bar q \rightarrow b\bar{b} H^0 , b\bar{b} A^0$ diagrams. The results of these two approaches have been compared and contrasted in Ref. [@2to1vs2to3]. A full MC implementation for the $2 \rightarrow 3$ approach based on $gg \rightarrow ggH^0,ggA^0$ and related modes (eventually yielding two jets in the final state alongside $H^0$ or $A^0$) [@gluglucontrib]) is as-of-yet unavailable though in public event generators. It is therefore more consistent to solely employ [*complete*]{} $2\to1$ emulations and not [*incomplete*]{} $2\to3$ ones.
[^13]: One could also consider signals from Higgs boson decays to other sparticles, especially sleptons. This was discussed in [@Higgsslep], which demonstrated that the heavier MSSM Higgs boson decays to sleptons only have sufficient BRs for low values of $\tan\beta$ ($\lsim \, 3$).
[^14]: The sleptons also cannot be made arbitrarily heavy. Direct slepton pair-production, as studied in [@directslep], will [*generally*]{} lead to dilepton final states rather than the $4\ell$ final state desired here. The smaller contributions from these processes are included in the analyses to follow.
[^15]: Note: virtually all mSUGRA parameter space plots in the TDR showing excluded regions are for $\tan\beta = 10$; the exceptions being the $\tan\beta = 5$ plot in Fig. 11.32 and the $\tan\beta = 35$ plots in Figs. 13.12 & 13.13; and the $\tan\beta = 35$ plots seem to inaccurately have the $\tan\beta = 10$ exclusion zones. These latter plots and others in Chapter 13 do show a chargino lower mass limit (green dotdashed curve) and other supercollider experimental bounds which are more consistent with the excluded regions shown in the ATLAS TDR (and in the present work).
[^16]: Note: virtually all mSUGRA parameter space plots in the TDR showing excluded regions are for $\tan\beta = 10$ and for (the now ruled-out) $\tan\beta = 2$.
[^17]: Raising the lower bound on the chargino mass from the [*circa*]{} 1998 [@PPDB1998] LEP-1.5-era ${\sim}65\, \hbox{GeV}$ to ${\sim}100\, \hbox{GeV}$ raises the approximately horizontal boundary for higher $M_0$ values, while the rise of the bounds for the slepton masses from ${\sim}45\, \hbox{GeV}$ to $m_{\widetilde{{e}}_1}, m_{\widetilde{{\mu}}_1}, m_{\widetilde{{\tau}}_1}
\simeq 99\, \hbox{GeV}, 91\, \hbox{GeV}, 85\, \hbox{GeV}$ adds the quarter-circle-like bite seen in the lower-left corner of the $\tan\beta = 10$ plot in Fig. \[fig:mSUGRAHino\] (which is absent in the ATLAS TDR plots).
[^18]: For reasons detailed in [@DDK], foremost among which is the uncertainty in the calculation of $M_h$. Herein the Higgs boson mass formulæ of ISAJET [@ISAJET] and [@thesis] are employed. Results here are roughly consistent with Figs. 1 & 2 of [@DDK] (2006 paper). Note that in the case of mSUGRA, unlike in the general MSSM examples in the current work, the stop and other squark parameters — which make the main contributions to the quite significant radiative corrections to $M_h$ — are determined from the few mSUGRA inputs without the need to set values by hand for assorted soft SUSY-breaking masses. Certainly, in mSUGRA, the LEP bounds on light Higgs boson production are strongly-tied to rates for heavy Higgs boson to sparticle decay channels, though this correlation will not be intensively examined in this work.
[^19]: The older ISASUSY version which inputs sparticle masses into HERWIG 6.3 lacks D-terms in the slepton masses, meaning the smuon masses in the simulation runs equate to the selectron masses given in Table \[tab:masses\]. This has a minor effect upon the edges in the Dalitz-like ’wedgebox’ plots to be shown later. See discussion in [@Cascade].
[^20]: Herein final states involving a sparton and a chargino/neutralino are included together with the results for $\widetilde{\chi} \widetilde{\chi}$, as designed in HERWIG, though for the points studied here the latter overwhelmingly dominate the former.
[^21]: These were normalized using HERWIG production cross-sections, though here this is of scant importance since the $H^0$ and $A^0$ production cross-sections are almost the same. Also, for consistency with the HERWIG simulation analysis, ISASUSY Version 7.56 was used to generate the BRs.
[^22]: Inside of the discovery region (for $300\, \hbox{fb}^{-1}$), a couple points along the high $M_A$ – lower $\tan\beta$ edge were found where the rate from $H^0$ very slightly exceeded that from $A^0$.
[^23]: A different simulation of the quark-fusion channel involving $b$ (anti)quarks (in the CMS note the simulation was performed using $gg \rightarrow b \bar{b} H^0, b \bar{b} A^0$) is adopted here. In addition, the MC analysis in [@CMS1] was done with PYTHIA version 5.7 [@PYTHIA5.7], which only implemented an approximated treatment of the SUSY sector, while herein ISASUSY is used in conjunction with HERWIG (though intrinsic differences between the two generators in the implementation of the PS and hadronization stages should be minimal in our context). Also, the background processes $tH^-$ + c.c., $t\bar t Z$ and $t\bar t h$, which were not emulated in [@CMS1], in this study were checked to yield no background events throughout Fig. 7.
[^24]: The partial widths for $H^0$ and $A^0$ decays to –inos also drop by roughly a factor of 2 in going from $\tan\beta=6$ to $\tan\beta=2$ (at $M_A = 450\, \hbox{GeV}$), and the $H^0 \rightarrow h^0 h^0$ and $A^0 \rightarrow h^0 Z^{0(*)}$ widths increase by about a factor of $2$. These also lower the signal rate. On the other hand, decay widths to $b$-quarks and tau-leptons also drop by a bit over a factor of $2$, helping the signal. These effects are overwhelmed by an almost order-of-magnitude enhancement in the $H^0$ and $A^0$ to $t \bar{t}$ decay widths.
[^25]: Here are some results from specific points in this region: for $M_A = 510\, \hbox{GeV}$ and $\tan\beta = 10,16,25,40$, the percentage of $A^0$ signal events (again, after cuts, excluding the $4\ell$ inv. m. cut), is $23$%, $17$%, $11.5$%, $21$%.
[^26]: In fact, this extra restriction is not strictly necessary, since recent preliminary work shows same-flavor four-lepton final states can be correctly paired with a reasonably high efficiency for at least some processes and some points in the MSSM parameter space [@Extension].
[^27]: Note that this is the physical slepton mass, not the soft mass input.
[^28]: On the other hand, the distributions of $A^0$ and $H^0$ events show no substantial systematic differences in their distributions’ wedgebox plot topologies.
[^29]: Note that a similar result is found in Fig. 16 of [@CMS1]. There, however, only signal events were shown, and, since [*a priori*]{} only $H^0,A^0 \rightarrow \widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ events were considered, the vast array of other potential wedgebox topologies was not brought to light.
[^30]: If direct neutralino pair-production produces a significant number of events, then the dominant source of said events is always $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0
\widetilde{\chi}_3^0$ production; $\widetilde{\chi}_2^0 \widetilde{\chi}_2^0$ production is heavily suppressed. See discussion in [@EWpaper]. This leads to the general conclusion that, with a jet cut in place to remove cascade events from colored sparticle decays, the appearance of a disproportionately strong (densely populated) box on a wedgebox plot is highly indicative of the presence of Higgs-boson-generated events. The caveat to this being that chargino production can generate a box-shape in some rather limited regions of the MSSM input parameter space. Again, see [@EWpaper] for further discussion.
[^31]: Correct edge values from which to reconstruct information on the –ino mass spectrum would also be lost.
[^32]: Table \[tab:percents2\] given previously corresponds to column $(c)$ in Table \[tab:pairperc\] with the $H^0$ and $A^0$ contributions listed separately.
[^33]: Unfortunately, the physical slepton masses input into HERWIG 6.5 are generated by ISASUSY 7.58 [@ISAJET], which neglects a left-right mixing term $\propto$ $m^2_\ell \mu^2\tan^2\beta$ (see [@Cascade]). While this term is negligible for selectrons, it does shift the physical smuon masses by as much as a few GeV. Neglecting this term results in degenerate soft slepton inputs leading to degenerate physical selectron and smuons masses (so the smuon masses for MSSM Point 2 given in Table \[tab:masses\] are changed into the mass values given there for the selectrons), which in turn may noticeably under-estimate the mass splitting between smuons and thus the thickness of the edges shown on the plots. Later versions of ISAJET correct this oversight, as do private codes employed in Sect. 2.
[^34]: Due to the program oversight mentioned in the last footnote, the thicknesses of these edges shrink to $75.7$-$76.5,103.4$-$104.9,143.5$-$145.9\, \hbox{GeV}$, respectively. These values are represented by the dotted lines on the plots.
[^35]: Again, this feature is lost in HERWIG 6.5/ISAJET 7.58 .
[^36]: In HERWIG 6.5/ISAJET 7.58 this width shrinks to $55.6$-$57.0\, \hbox{GeV}$.
[^37]: ATLAS collaboration discovery region contour lines in Figs. \[Point1ATLAS:discovery\] and \[Point2ATLAS:discovery\] have been remade to match as closely as possible those in the original plot.
[^38]: Simulations of 40 million $b\bar bZ^{0(*)}$ ($t\bar t$) events yielded 1(0) event(s) passing the set of selection cuts.
| 2023-10-17T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/7111 |
Q:
Running LiftWeb in production
I'm new to LiftWeb and was wondering how do I start it in production environment when its hosted in Jetty server.
Thanks,
Gil
A:
Package your Lift app in to a war file (e.g. if you're using sbt, use 'sbt package-war'). Suppose it's called MyApp.war
Suppose jetty is installed in /Applications/jetty
Copy the MyApp.war file into the /Applications/jetty/webapps
cd to /Applications/jetty
java -Drun.mode=production -jar start.jar etc/jetty.xml
Your app will be available at http://localhost:8080/MyApp (although check your jetty.xml file to confirm which port the connector is listening on)
| 2024-03-09T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/8562 |
There are plenty of filling and tasty side dishes to try on a busy workday or special occasion. Low carb diets emphasize the importance of balanced and diversified menu for healthy weight loss.
Ideas for Low Carb Sides
Sides add flavor, nutrients, and variety to any meal. Dieters can try different low carb recipes and sides or modify classic recipes. There are plenty of low carb options though, for example, mushrooms and green beans, tomatoes and okra, and garlic green beans. You can also try shredded Brussels sprouts, sesame green beans, roasted baby carrots with rosemary, and asparagus parmesan. There are meat and vegetarian options to incorporate in your menu. Low carb diets offer plenty of choice and vegetarian sides are tasty and good for your health. You can have pea and asparagus medley, smothered green beans, tomato and eggplant bake, or broccoli with almond butter. You can also make green beans with lemon and hazelnuts or baked stuffed tomatoes for a special occasion. There are also meat options such as creamed vegetables with ham and almond and bacon green beans. Some sides are easy to make and take no time to prepare while others are great for birthdays, anniversaries, weddings, and other special occasions and formal events. Stuffed artichokes, for example, are an excellent choice for a special occasion and are made using Romano cheese, parsley, oregano, and garlic.
Snacks for Busy Workdays
It is always a good idea to make snacks and have them in between meals, and many popular diets recommend eating two snacks per day. You can choose from a wealth of low carb foods and recipes for a healthy and filling snack. Some snacks are available at supermarkets such as olives, cheese, and nuts. If you don’t have much time, you can buy mini cheese portions or a trail mix with almonds, hazelnuts, pecans, walnuts, and Brazil nuts. Some trail mixes also contain chestnuts, cashews, raisins, and other dried fruits. It is best to avoid them because chestnuts and cashews are high on carbs while dried fruits are loaded with sugar. You can have full-fat yogurt, celery, pepperoni sticks, or berries instead. You will also find diet-friendly snacks at healthy food and specialist stores. You can try protein shakes, pork scratchings and dried meat snacks, and even seaweed. Other snacks can be prepared at home and take little time to make. If you have 10 – 15 minutes, you can make celery sticks with peanut butter or hard boiled eggs with cream, sour cream, or mayonnaise. Some snacks take more time to make, and you may want to prepare in advance. You can make cheddar crisps, cheese straws, flax crackers, or low-carb pancakes. There are great low carb recipes for a lazy weekend at home when you have free time to cook. You can try zucchini chips, broccoli bites, or cauliflower tater tots. There are plenty of options, from premade products to homemade snacks.
Carb-counting is one way to make sure that your meals fit into your plan of choice. This is a practical option to ensure that you include the right amount of nutrients in your meals.
Benefits for Dieters
Once dieters learn how to count carbohydrates, it is easy to find and fit different products into their plan. Thus they can include a variety of foods, including meat, poultry, fish, and vegetables by checking the nutrition label. Another benefit is that dieters can control their glucose levels and readings. This is especially important for patients with diabetes. Moreover, it allows you to plan your meals in advance and ensure that you have a balanced menu.
Slow vs. Quick Acting Carbs
There is a difference between simple and complex carbohydrates, and the main one is their glycemic index value. Examples of low GI foods include porridge, oat bran, whole wheat, mushrooms, cabbage, and others. Foods with a high GI are parsnip, pumpkin, dates, instant mashed potatoes, and French fries. Products with a high glycemic index value cause spikes in insulin levels. Foods that are high in protein and fat do not have the same negative effect on glucose levels. This is why carb counting is important. It helps dieters to control their blood sugar levels, lose weight, and fight diseases such as heart problems, breast cancer, gallbladder disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and others.
How to Count Carbohydrates
One option is to check the amount of dietary fiber and carbohydrates on the nutrition label. If a product has 5 grams of dietary fiber and 18 grams of carbs, it contains 13 grams of net carbs. Check the nutrition label for sugar alcohols as well because they are more difficult to absorb. To make sure that your menu fits into your diet, you may want to consume more foundation vegetables such as asparagus, cauliflower, and hearty greens. Then have some high-fat foods such as cream and hard cheeses. If you find all this time consuming, there are other methods to try.
Online Tools
You can use online calculators, charts, tables, and other tools. The first thing to do is to calculate your daily recommended intake. There are calculators that help you to do this. Just enter your activity level, weight, height, sex, and age. For example, if you are a 32-year old female who is 5 feet 6 inches tall and weigh 180 pounds, your daily intake is 2051 calories to maintain your current weight. The amount of carbohydrates to consume depends on your plan of choice. If you are on the Zone Diet, for example, some 40 percent of your calories should be in the form of carbohydrates. Some plans also come with printable and downloadable food lists and carb counters to make it easier for dieters to track their daily intake. Other tools include a comprehensive database and allow you to find foods by total amount of saturated and monounsaturated fat, amount of carbohydrates, trans fat, cholesterol, and so on. You can choose between 200-gram and 100-gram servings. Another option is to base you search on a certain category, for example, sweets, snacks, oils and fats, legumes, seed and nut products, and others. The tool allows you to find foods that are lowest or highest in certain nutrients. Regardless of the tool or method of choice, the daily intake depends on whether you are on the Atkins, South Beach, Zone, Low GI, or any other plan. The most important thing is to limit the consumption of simple carbohydrates.
Employees with busy schedules usually order foods that take less time to prepare. Quick service restaurants and fast food chains are two options, but many restaurants also offer meals that take under 15 minutes to prepare.
Quick Fix Meals
There are plenty of quick fix meals to order at a restaurant. You can have steak with broccoli and onion, beef and mushroom stir fry, broccoli and beef stir fry, and more. Omelets also take less time to prepare and fit into your diet. If you are short of time, a buffet or salad bar is your best bet. There is plenty of choice, from hot and cold salad selections to appetizers and desserts. Some restaurants also have a seafood counter and offer gourmet cheese and meat selections and seasonal fruits. Other restaurants feature themed sections such as Mediterranean, Mexican, salad, Asian, fish market, and others. You can choose from a selection of main dishes, including turkey breast, slow roasted beef, smoked and grilled meats, and a lot more. There is a selection of vegetables and other products to build your own salad, including red onion, pickled vegetables, shredded carrot, tomatoes, mixed salad greens, etc. Many buffet restaurants also offer low carb-friendly salads such as green bean salad with olive oil, Greek salad, feta, pecan, and apple salad, and many others. You can choose from a selection of hot meals such as veal and beef meatballs, baked chicken, baked fish, and other options. Salad bars offer healthy and diet-friendly options to busy customers. There is a selection of healthy options such as shiitake mushrooms, jumbo asparagus, smoked salmon, and fresh mozzarella. Salad bars offer diet-friendly items such as sun-dried tomatoes, artichoke, prosciutto, and manchego cheese and parmesan. Some restaurants also offer customized salads and wraps and a variety of fresh toppings.
Many buffet and salad bars offer dinner, breakfast, and lunch menus. They also feature a selection of signature dishes such as pork carnitas, BBQ ribs, and steaks with onion and wild mushrooms.
Mobile Apps and Ordering
Some restaurants are about to offer mobile apps that allow customers to pre-order their meal. This saves a lot of time and waiting in line. Customers pre-order through their mobile phone and pay through a place and pay system. Online ordering is another option for employees with busy schedules. And if don’t have the time to eat out, you can use a catering service. Many restaurants offer a catering menu with snacks, salads, and meals. Some salad bars also offer catering services and customers are free to create their own salad. They offer a selection of cheeses, including Swiss, cheddar, pepper jack, goat cheese, crumbled blue, and others. Diet-friendly salad bars offer a selection of protein sources such as shrimp, tuna, steak, smoked bacon, tofu, and others. Some restaurants even offer protein bars and shakes. You can order an assorted fruit platter as well, depending on your diet. There are many payment options, including Discover, MasterCard, Visa, and pay on delivery. There are catering services that accept large, medium, and small orders.
Many restaurants offer meals that are considered low carb-friendly or will gladly modify a meal to fit into your menu. Whether a chain, local restaurant or a fast food joint, there are options for low carbers.
Popular Choices
Many restaurants offer chicken with green beans and side salads. This is a good choice but avoid breaded chicken. Most restaurants also offer tasty omelets. Just skip the hash browns and toast and have steamed vegetables or salad greens instead. If you go with steak, ask if it has added sugar. Restaurants that offer salad bars are usually low carb-friendly. You can have grilled lamb chops with salad on the side. If you love seafood, many seafood restaurants offer grilled shrimp, grilled lobster, crab legs, and shrimp scampi.
Chicken wings, grilled chicken, chicken strips, Buffalo wings, and char grilled chicken are also popular choices. Many restaurants offer chicken, steak, and chops. Chicken fillet or steak with steamed vegetables is a great choice for your lunch menu. Many restaurants offer this option. Some restaurants offer popular meals such as carved roast turkey, baked fish, carved salmon and ham, hot wings, and taco meat. Other options are baked chicken, roast beef, beef patties, and more.
Low carb-friendly salads are also offered by many restaurants, for example, cob salad, Caesar salad, and others. Any salad that includes a protein source is a good choice (luncheon meat, cheese, etc.) Spring greens and tossed green salad, for example, are good options. Opt for salads with low carb dressings with no added sugar. Choose dressings such as raspberry vinaigrette, creamy Italian dressing, salsa, and blue cheese dressing. Caesar dressing is very low in carbs (less than 1 gram per portion) while blue cheese contains about 2.5 grams.
The Salad Bar
While many restaurants offer diet-friendly options, avoid sugary and starchy foods such as pancakes, French toast, French fries, and hash browns. The salad bar is your best bet, and some restaurants and chains offer the option to build your own salad. You choose from spring mix, iceberg, and Romaine lettuce and different toppings, including protein sources such as tofu, turkey chicken breast, and ham. Other toppings include artichoke hearts, blue cheese crumbles, and feta, parmesan, and shredded cheese. Many chains offer a large selection of toppings for your salad, including oranges, green bell peppers, sliced egg, pineapple, dried cranberries, mushrooms, olives, and bacon bits. Basically, you choose your base, toppings, filling, and dressing. Some restaurants even offer homemade coleslaw. There are classic choices as well, for example, house salad with cream, coleslaw, sweet corn, celery, tomatoes, cucumber, roast ham, and lettuce. The Italian salad is a great choice – a combination of celery, roast pepper, sun dried tomatoes, cucumber, olives, mozzarella, pesto, and of course, extra virgin olive oil. Or you can build your own salad and order cheese and bacon, spicy chicken breast, grilled salmon steak, or anything else that fits into a carbohydrate-controlled menu. Be careful with the dressings, toppings, and sauces because many contain hidden sugar and other carbohydrates.
Greek, Japanese, and Other Restaurants
While it is not difficult to pick a meal or salad in many Western-style restaurants, if you are going Japanese, for example, you may want to pass on meals that contain rice. Opt for fish and miso soup. Greek restaurants are an excellent choice for people on a low carb diet. You can have Greek salad, pan fried goat cheese, cucumber, yogurt, and garlic dip, garlic prawns, deep fried calamari, and other meals, salads, and appetizers that are diet-friendly.
There are inexpensive low carb recipes and budget-friendly ingredients for those who are on a diet. Non-meat protein sources, frozen vegetables, and other products are inexpensive and healthy.
Non-meat Protein: Soybeans, Dairies, and Eggs
Vegetarian protein sources such as tofu, eggs, soy-based protein, and dairies are less expensive than meat protein. Soybean, for instance, is high in manganese, copper, magnesium, iron, and protein, and fiber. There are many soybean products to include in your diet, for example, soy nuts, soymilk, edamame, and others. Whole soybeans, textured soy protein, and tempeh are also high in fiber and protein. Tofu is also a great inexpensive option to grill or add to soups and stir-fries. There are plenty of tofu recipes to try, for example, tofu steaks, peanut-crusted tofu, tempura tofu with vegetables, and many others. You can also use it for salads, stir fries, and other dishes. Customers can choose from fermented and unfermented soy ingredients, and the latter are used to make soy milk, pressed bean curd, and tofu. Dairies and eggs are also affordable alternatives to meat protein. There are plenty of egg recipes to try while on a low carb diet. Eggs are rich in saturated fat, selenium, iron, phosphorus, vitamin B12, and other essential nutrients. You can make snacks and dishes such as pickled, hard-cooked, scotch, breaded, and hard-boiled eggs. Other meal ideas to try include mushroom and egg salad, tea eggs, and tarragon egg salad. The egg and mushroom salad is a great choice for a light meal. You will need onion, parsley, sour cream, mushrooms, and hard-cooked eggs.
Dairy products are also a safe choice and inexpensive alternative to meat. You can have cheese, milk, cream, butter, and other dairies. Retailers offer an assortment of cheeses, including domestic and imported. There is a selection of cheeses from different parts of the world, including farmer cheese, cream cheese, Monterey Jack, Tomme de Savoie, Brie de Meaux, Brie de Bourgogne, and many others. While some varieties are expensive, there are cheaper options such as tetilla, St. Andre, morbier, Irish cheddar, and others. You can choose from different types of cheese made from pasteurized goat, sheep, and cow milk. There are other dairy products for your diet, including clotted cream, butter milk, condensed milk, custard, curd, cottage cheese, and others.
Frozen Vegetables
Frozen vegetables are less expensive compared to organic produce. You can have green beans, cauliflower, zucchini, sweet peas, Brussels sprouts, chopped spinach and cut leaf spinach, and other types of frozen vegetables. You can also use mixed vegetables.
Other Low Carb Options That Are Budget-Friendly
You can have roasts or buy chicken and bake or cook it in a crock pot. Other cheap options include white fish, canned tuna, ground turkey, and chicken. You can have fish such as perch, tilapia, haddock, and Pollock. Pork loin roast is also inexpensive. Other budget-friendly foods include avocados, peanut butter, and pickles. Even if some foods are not within your budget, you may consider buying in bulk. You will find nuts, spices, and other products at many health food and grocery stores. Check for sales as well. You can always buy in bulk and store in the freezer and fridge. Another idea is to check local markets (for example, the Mexican and local farmers markets) and buy vegetables and marinated meats. There is plenty of choice when it comes to inexpensive food. Seafood is another low carb option. You can include shrimp and halibut in your menu.
If you are on a low carb diet and flying overseas, you probably wonder what your options are. Some airlines serve no carb meals while others allow passengers to bring Atkins protein bars and other snacks onboard. Another option is to pre-order a high-fiber meal.
Airline Carriers
There are many factors that people take into consideration when flying oversees – ticket costs, connecting flights, comfort, passenger safety, and food onboard. American Airlines, for example, offers low carb meals inflight, as well as special meals such as vegetarian, diabetic, kosher, Muslim, and others. A sample list of foods to bring with you may include celery with cream cheese, hard boiled eggs, and protein bars. Airlines such as Alaska Airlines and Air Canada offer low sodium and gluten-free meals while passengers flying with Northwest are served low carbohydrate meals. Low carb meals are also offered by TWA. Another option is to order a diabetic meal. Many airlines offer diabetic meals, including United Airlines, Northwest, Delta, Continental, Air Canada, and American Airlines. Singapore Airlines offer diet-friendly meals with no carbohydrate or starch content. Lufthansa recently announced plans to offer reduced-carbohydrate options on its long haul flights. Passengers flying from Los Angels to Germany can choose this option. Business class passengers will be served a menu that includes a dessert, entrée, and appetizer. British Airways also offers a selection of meals to passengers with special dietary requirements. Customers can order a carbohydrate controlled meal with reduced sugar content.
Some airlines also offer a vegetable and fruit plate and a cheese and fruit plate. Whether you can have fruits depend on your diet of choice. Fruits are not allowed during the Induction Phase of the Atkins Diet.
Other Options
While some airlines offer diet-friendly and diabetic meals, others have a more limited selection of options. In this case, you may want to pack food for your long haul flight. Keep in mind that some airlines don’t allow meat. Pack your food and make sure that the package is sealed. Another option is to buy food at the airport, but this is more expensive. Keep in mind that the rules vary from one country to another. In some cases fruits, cheese, nuts, and other products cannot be brought into another state. Have a big breakfast before your flight. You can have sausages or bacon and a veggie omelet. Other meal ideas for your long haul flight include roasted sweet potato, avocado and raw carrots, roasted chickpeas, and fresh fruits. You can also pack a trail mix with peanuts, almonds, sunflower seeds, and raisins. Raisins are high in sugar content, however. It is better to have dried berries instead. The type of food to bring along also depends on your route and whether it is a particularly long flight. If it is a 9- or 12-hour flight, you may want to pack food for breakfast, lunch, or dinner (depending on your flight time). Make sure you bring high protein and non-starchy vegetables with you. Pack containers with salad, string cheese or sharp cheddar, low carb dips, and some pepperoni. And drink plenty of water while onboard so that you stay hydrated. If you love herbal, black, or green tea, you may want to pack a few teabags for your flight. Just ask the flight attendant for a cup of hot water.
Avoid foods and drinks that boost your blood sugar levels, for example, noodles, rice, and bread. Sauces served onboard often contain sugar. Make sure you order in advance. Most airline carriers require a 24-hour notice.
Low-carb diets have become increasingly popular, and some restaurants are now offering different reduced-carbohydrate meals to attract customers and increase their revenues. Still even if just a few meals suit your diet, you can have a balanced dinner or lunch.
What to Order
If you are on a ketogenic or another carbohydrate-restrictive diet, you may want to ask whether they serve sides other than French fries, polenta, and mashed potatoes. Ask whether they offer grilled zucchini or broccoli, carrot or rutabaga mash, or roasted summer squash. The choices also depend on the diet you follow. If you are on the Paleo Diet, for example, you can have nuts and fruits, vegetables, and animal protein. Just avoid meals with thick sauces because they are high in carbohydrates. If you are on the South Beach Diet, then you can have fish, poultry, lean meats, whole grains, nuts, vegetables, and olive oil. At a non-low carb friendly restaurant, you can order pork tenderloin or loin, duck breast, chicken, skinless turkey, and fish. Combine with brown rice or grilled or steamed vegetables and avoid rice and potatoes. If you are a vegetarian or vegan, you can order a meal made with vegetables, beans, and tofu. Choose a dish that is sautéed, broiled, grilled, or baked. You can combine it with a sauce.
If you are on the Atkins Diet, avoid sugars, starches, and grains and opt for red meat, heavy cream, vegetables, and dairies. Some restaurants are Atkins-friendly, but most aren’t. One option is to order steaks and a salad without croutons .Roasted turkey and rotisserie chicken are also good options. You can have gravy, but it contains a small amount of carbohydrates. Some foods are low in carbohydrates while others are carb-free. For example, a sirloin steak and house salad each contain about 13 – 15 grams. Wings with blue cheese are very low in carbs and are ideal if you are on a restrictive diet (they have just 4 grams). Then a side of bacon is practically carb-free, which makes it a safe choice.
Types of Restaurants
Some restaurants make for a better choice than others although they are not low-carb friendly. Fish restaurants are one example. You can have liberal amounts of fish, including rainbow trout, tilapia, salmon, lobster, and even shrimp cocktail. Some restaurants even list sodium and fat content and calories to make it easier for customers with special dietary requirements to choose a meal. There are different types of restaurants, for example, quick service, fast casual, casual dining, fine dining, and others. There are also restaurants that feature Chinese, Indonesian, Italian, and other cuisines. Regardless of the type of restaurant, look for items such as salads, grilled burgers, grilled chicken with tomatoes and lettuce, grilled seafood, and low-carb barbeque. Barbeque and stir-fries without starches and sugar are also good choices. There are other factors to take into account. Fine dining restaurants, for example, offer high quality food, but are pricey. An entrée may cost you $20 – $30 or more. Fast food restaurants, on the other hand, offer inexpensive options with prices within the $8 – $10 range. The main downside is that the meal options are more limited. There are some options, however. One is vegetarian fast food meals such as Caesar salad, vegan grilled vegetable plates, and others. Veggie burgers, pizzas, and pastas are off the list of allowed foods, however. In some cases, your only option is to order chicken or green salad.
While some restaurants and fast food chains offer few or no low-carb options, an increasing number of chains feature a selection of tasty and healthy options. They offer high-protein menus to dieters and diabetics to increase their customer base.
A Selection of Delicious Meals and Nutritional Information
Many restaurants offer specialties from the Cuban, Mexican, Irish, and other cuisines to attract low-carbers. There are healthy options to choose from, including rib-eye with spinach, mushroom jack fajitas, Kobe beef skirt steaks, and grilled lamb chops. Some restaurants also offer chef’s seasonal menus with dishes such as heirloom tomato salad, yellowfin tuna with beans and baby arugula, and lemongrass chicken with peanuts, celery root, and julienne carrots. All meals can be served cooked, undercooked, or raw, depending on the customer’s requirements. There are vegetarian and spicy versions as well. Restaurants that offer gluten-free meals use ingredients that are modified or made to be gluten-free.
Many restaurants use fresh ingredients to prepare all-natural beef, chicken, veggie, and other meal options. Many restaurants also follow emerging drink and food trends to improve their menus and services. They also cater to customers with special dietary requirements and are happy to accommodate their requests for vegan and vegetarian meals. Some restaurants even work with chefs, nutritional experts and mixologists to create healthy menus and meals. While there are restaurants that offer a few meals, others feature a comprehensive selection of over 30 or 40 low-carb dishes together with nutritional information about each meal. They provide information such as total fat, fiber, protein, sodium, carbohydrates, trans and saturated fats, and calories. Nutritional information is offered for all starters, appetizers, meals, soups, salad dressings and salads, sides, desserts, and even drinks and non-alcoholic beverages. Some restaurants even provide nutritional information for meals and drinks that are included in their kids’ menu. To offer accurate information, many restaurants cooperate with laboratories, nutritional experts, consultants, suppliers, and dietitians. There are some differences between chains and local restaurants, however. With chains, some items may vary slightly from one location to another.
Allergens and Healthy Food Choices
In addition to comprehensive information, some restaurants also offer information on foods that contain allergens, for example, shellfish, peanuts, soy, wheat, and others. This information is useful if you have gluten sensitivity or other allergies. Foods that contain allergens also include shellfish such as shrimp, lobster, and crab, as well as fish such as flounder, cod, and bass. Eggs and nuts also cause allergies, including walnuts, cashews, almonds, and peanuts. There are other trends in the food industry. Low carb-friendly restaurants are going green. They use only products that contain no additives, growth hormones, preservatives, and artificial flavors and coloring.
Best Practices
Not only this, but many restaurants adopt good practices to make it easier for customers to stick to their diet. Some restaurants, for example, offer carb-counter cards that allow customers to check the carb content of meals. Customers can check the nutritional value of meals on the websites of some restaurants. For example, creamed spinach contains 10 grams of protein and 18 grams of carbs while filet mignon has no carbohydrates. Stuffed chicken breast has 3 grams and Hollandaise sauce – 1 gram. Some restaurants also offer low-carb survival guides on their websites to make it easier for customers to stick to their diet while dining out. Some restaurants also offer South Beach or Atkins approved menus to attract customers who follow a certain diet and help them with their meal selection. They also feature daily menus to help customers diversify their menu and avoid diet boredom.
You can order low-carb take out at many restaurants and fast food joints, depending on your taste and preferences.
Take out That Can Be Modified
While some fast food chains offer diet-friendly food, many add sugar and offer high-carb options. If you love fast food, however, order burgers wrapped in lettuce. Patties are high in carbohydrate content. You may want to check with small, local diners in your community as well. Many of them use fresh ingredients and offer meals that are diet-friendly. Even if they don’t offer low carb meals, most dishes can be modified and de-carbed. For example, you can order an omelet and skip the hash browns and toast. Choose vegetables and green salads instead of macaroni salad or French fries. Avoid deep fried foods as well as breaded meat. Deep fried foods are unhealthy to begin with. They clog the arteries and increase the risk of health problems. If the beading mix combines oat and soy flour, for example, you can give it a try as it fits in a low carb menu.
Indian and Chinese Take Out
There are some options to try if you love Indian or Chinese food. For example, you can have spicy marinated shrimp, tandori chicken, Saag Gosht, or Milagu Curry. Milagu Curry is a tasty and flavorful meal that combines coconut sauce, tomatoes, onion, and lamb. In any case, avoid meals that are made with ground and white rice and refined flours and opt for meals that are high in fiber, healthy fat, and protein. When it comes to herbs and spices, Indian cuisine incorporates spices and ingredients such as ginger, turmeric, coconut, and garlic. They offer many health benefits such as reduced risk for hypertension and heart problems and have anti-inflammatory properties. While Indian food is a bit spicy, you can have meals with garlic, coconut, and other ingredients. There are some takeaway options for fans of Chinese food as well. You can have Egg Foo Yung, Mu Shu, stir-fries, and steamed food. Avoid sweet sauces, egg rolls, breaded meats, white rice, wontons, and noodles.
Diners
You may want to order take out from restaurants that are low carb-friendly. What you can have depends on whether you are on the Zone, Sugar Busters, or another reduced carbohydrate plan. Steak diners are a great choice for dieters because they offer nutritious, high-protein meal options. Check with different steakhouses to find out if their menus fit into your diet of choice. In any case, you can have chopped salads, beef tenderloin, baked halibut, and more. Some diners also offer themed, lunch, and deli lunch buffets. Customers can order side dishes, fresh seafood, steak, and delicious desserts. If you are unsure about the ingredients, you may want to order plain meat and a green salad. Skip the salad dressing because many dressings and sauces contain added sugar. Meal salads are also a good choice as well as omelets with mushrooms, peppers, spinach, and other low carb vegetables.
Dining apps come complete with features and extras such as nutrition guides, list of low carb foods, and browsing capabilities. Users can choose from hundreds of casual dining and fast food restaurants. They can browse by different features such as location, name of restaurant, meal type, carb range, and more. There is an option to read articles in low carb blogs as well. Some apps also list drinks and beverages, including wines, sodas, and beers. Carb counter apps and weight loss trackers are also available for different types of mobile devices. Some apps allow users to find nutritional information on restaurant meals and groceries and offer healthy recipes. They can create a low carb plan or stick to the recommended plan. The app offers recipes, food suggestions, and more. There are additional features that allow dieters to keep track of their progress and count the net carbs consumed with each meal. Information about different foods is also offered, and you can set a daily target. The best part is that some apps can be downloaded for free while others cost a few dollars. They are available for Android, iPad, and iPhone.
Low carb dining apps are great for the Zone, Sugar Busters, South Beach, Atkins, and Paleolithic Diet. This is a great tool for persons with a busy work schedule and social life. One app offers an overview of menus at different restaurants so that dieters make healthy choices. Customers can read feedback and suggestions by other dieters and leave their comments to help others. On the downside, the app lists only restaurants but not bakeries.
Other Apps
There are other apps for mobile devices which allow dieters to count carbs and lose weight based on their target and current weight, height, sex, and other factors. Some apps allow users to search for sugar-free, high-fiber, and protein-rich foods and recipes. Users can choose from different gluten-free and dairy-free recipes as well. Each recipe comes with nutrition facts such as total protein, carb, sodium, saturated fat, and fat content. Other apps allow dieters to choose a recipe by main ingredient and course. The app also displays recipes for low-sodium, gluten-free, and other types of diets. | 2023-08-02T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/8661 |
Q:
How to convert org.glassfish.grizzly.utils.BufferInputStream to JSON in Mule?
On my first steps with Mule I'm writing a basic Http Proxy.
Currently I forward the request to the api server and what I'd like to do is reading the payload that I receive from it before responding to the client.
When I try to log it with #[payload] it prints
org.glassfish.grizzly.utils.BufferInputStream@2306df30
How can I print it properly in JSON format?
The full code:
<flow name="proxy">
<http:listener config-ref="http-lc-0.0.0.0-8081" path="![p['proxy.path']]" parseRequest="false"/>
<http:request config-ref="http-request-config" method="#[message.inboundProperties['http.method']]"
path="#[message.inboundProperties['http.request.path'].substring(message.inboundProperties['http.listener.path'].length()-2)]" parseResponse="false">
<http:request-builder>
<http:query-params expression="#[message.inboundProperties.'http.query.params']"/>
</http:request-builder>
<http:success-status-code-validator values="0..599" />
</http:request>
<logger doc:name="Logger" level="INFO" message="Payload #[payload]"/>
A:
The payload after HTTP request is generally in stream format, ref:- https://docs.mulesoft.com/mule-user-guide/v/3.7/http-request-connector
There are two ways you can get the payload after http:request
1) <object-to-string-transformer doc:name="Object to String"/> after http:request
or
2) using a logger and use MEL expression <logger message="#[message.payloadAs(java.lang.String)]" level="INFO" doc:name="Logger"/>
A:
Try #[message.payloadAs(java.lang.String)] which will log the expected output.
Hope this helps.
| 2024-04-06T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/9037 |
The effect of aspirin and prostaglandin E(1) on the patency of microvascular anastomosis in the rats.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral prostaglandin E(1)(PGE(1)) on the patency of the microvascular anastomosis of the carotid artery in rat. A total of 48 rats were used, and divided into three groups. The first group (A) was used as a control with no medical agent being used after anastomosis, the second group (B) was medicated with aspirin, and the third group (C) was medicated with oral PGE(1). In each group, four rats were sacrificed serially on every post-operative 3, 5, 10 and 15 days after arterial anastomosis. Patency and histologic evaluations at the anastomotic site were observed. The results revealed that the PGE(1) therapied group showed highest patency rate (100%), lesser formation of mural thrombosis, and also minimal changes in the intimal hyperplasia and medial fibrosis. From these findings, we could conclude that PGE(1) has superior effect on maintaining the patency after microvascular surgery. | 2024-05-18T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4403 |
Freddy made his first million at what, age 15? Who know if he's made a total of another million since?
Talented player, and a nice kid. Yes, its a sad story
MLS pulled strings to make sure the "kid" from Washington, DC ended up playing for DC United, in order to be close to home.
A lot of marketing, and a lot of hype. but Adu has (had) talent. Although we know size in soccer doesn't mean the same as in some other sports, in Adu's case, I think his lack of size, or bulk, didn't help his game in the pros.
The comments posted on this message board are the property of their posters. There are national and international rules covering publications. Bear in mind that it is your responsibility to handle someone making claim against you. As a general guide, do not publish anything illegal, libelous, or anything to which you do not have copyright or permission. Remember to keep your own copies of your content. | 2024-04-15T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/2566 |
Wakeboarding in Kent
Wakeboarding in Kent: Look up for prices, request your estimate and find the best offers through various wakeboarding schools in Kent. Find wakeboarding lessons in Kent and cable wakeboarding courses to learn or improve your technique with the wakeboard.
Wakeboarding companies in Kent
Kent Boat and Ski Club is situated at cuxton on the river Medway, just a couple of miles up river from historic Rochester.
We are a boat owning members club providing boat storage, cleaning and launching facilities. Many of our members have enjoyed wakeboarding on the 2 mile stretch of the... (Wakeboarding Lessons Kent)
Big air, baggy shorts and chilling out - that's wakeboarding! Join Action Watersports Wakeboarding today and you will be on your way to a brilliant wakeboarding career.
You will ride behind the tournament boats fitted with wedge, tower and perfect pass. If you fancy trying the sliders & kickers,... (Wakeboard Kent) | 2023-11-08T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/1067 |
Total Price :
$
0.00
About us
Global leader in international prepaid SIM Cards
SG Telecom (A venture of SNSGAP International Services (P) Ltd.) is a renowned telecom company in India with services across globe with more than a million customers served by now. We are global leader in international prepaid sim cards with both Prepaid and Postpaid SIM cards available in store. We are also customer’s favorite company when it comes to Internet plans for travelers, country specific SIM and prepaid top ups. We are a modern generation MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) with international telecom services available for more than 200 countries, strong network connectivity and dedicated customer support during your international travels. We provide best solution and special deals for International SIM cards in India, Italy SIM, Germany SIM, International roaming SIM with free internet, Australia SIM cards in India, Global Postpaid SIM Plans.
Products & Services
International Prepaid SIM Cards and International Postpaid SIM cards
We have maximum options available for travelers with various calling needs. No matter which part of the world you are travelling we have a calling solution for you. Customers get multiple payment options and facility to recharge SIM card on the go.
International Data Solutions by SG Telecom (Internet Plans for International Travelers)
Data Solution is available for almost entire Globe with multiple recharge options in case of prepaid and complete hassle free solution in case of postpaid. If you need internet plan for international travels then we let you choose from a list of sim cart packages including some of the low cost prepaid internet plans for travelers. We also offer customized internet plans for international travelers depending on usage.
Benefits of using SG Telecom
We offer lowest calling plans for International Travelers.
We offer International SIM card with free incoming calls.
Our support network and vendors are available globally
Clients just choose their required plan and our team does the rest from delivering the card to assistance. | 2024-03-07T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/5660 |
The influence of puberty on stress reactivity and forebrain glucocorticoid receptor levels in inbred and outbred strains of male and female mice.
To examine stress-induced corticosterone responses and forebrain glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels in prepubertal and adult, male and female mice of three commonly used inbred (C57BL/6, BALB/c) and outbred (Swiss Webster) strains. Prepubertal (30 days of age) and adult (75 days of age), male and female C57BL/6, BALB/c, and Swiss Webster mice were exposed to a 30 min session of restraint stress. Plasma corticosterone was measured before (basal), or 0, 30, or 60 min after termination of the stressor. GR protein levels of the medial prefrontal cortex, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and hippocampus were also measured via tissue punches and western blots in the prepubertal and adult males and females at the basal time point. In response to acute stress, prepubertal males of both inbred strains showed greater hormonal responsiveness than their adult counterparts, while females of these strains displayed similar stress-induced corticosterone responses, independent of age. Conversely, only the females of the outbred Swiss Webster strain showed pubertal-related changes, with adult females showing greater hormonal reactivity compared to prepubertal females. Despite these significant differences in hormonal reactivity, we found little difference in GR protein levels in the brain regions examined. These data indicate that pubertal-dependent differences in stress reactivity can be significantly influenced by sex and genetic background. Moreover, these data provide points of departure for future studies investigating how puberty, sex, and genetic background interact to shape both short- and long-term effects of stress on mental and physical health. | 2024-05-19T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/1085 |
Q:
How to count occurence of IDs and show this amount with name of item with this ID from other table in SQL?
if I have tables
Person: ID_Person, Name
Profession: ID_Prof, Prof_Name, ID_Person
If ID_Person appears multiple times in second table and I want to show all Person names with number of their professions how can I do this?
I know that if I want to count something I can write
SELECT ID_Person, count(*) as c
FROM Profession
GROUP BY ID_Person;
but don't know how to link it with column from other table in order to proper values.
A:
Here is one way (MySQL InnoDB)
Person
+-----------+-------+
| ID_Person | Name |
+-----------+-------+
| 1 | bob |
| 2 | alice |
+-----------+-------+
Profession
+---------+--------------------+-----------+
| ID_Prof | Prof_Name | ID_Person |
+---------+--------------------+-----------+
| 1 | janitor | 1 |
| 2 | cook | 1 |
| 3 | computer scientist | 2 |
| 4 | home maker | 2 |
| 7 | astronaut | 2 |
+---------+--------------------+-----------+
select Name, count(Prof_Name)
from Person left join Profession
on (Person.ID_Person=Profession.ID_Person)
group by Name;
+-------+------------------+
| Name | count(Prof_Name) |
+-------+------------------+
| alice | 3 |
| bob | 2 |
+-------+------------------+
Hope this helps.
| 2024-07-26T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/5468 |
Seasonality of stroke in Finland.
The burden of stroke is increasing globally. Reports on seasonal variations in stroke occurrence are conflicting and long-term data are absent. A retrospective cohort study using discharge registry data of all acute stroke admissions in Finland during 2004-2014 for patients ≥18 years age. A total of 97,018 admissions for ischemic stroke (IS) were included, 18,252 admissions for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and 11,271 admissions for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The rate of IS admissions increased (p = 0.025) while SAH admission rate decreased (p < 0.0001), and ICH admission rate remained stable during the study period. The lowest seasonal admission rates were detected in summer and the highest in autumn for all stroke subtypes. Seasonal variation of IS was more pronounced in men (p = 0.020), while no sex difference was detected in ICH or SAH. The seasonal patterns of in-hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS) differed markedly by stroke subtype. Diagnoses of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, or diabetes showed no seasonality. All major stroke subtypes occurred most commonly in autumn and most infrequently in summer. Seasonality of in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay appears to vary by stroke subtype. The seasonal pattern of ischemic stroke occurrence appears to have changed during the past decades. Key messages All major stroke subtypes (ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage) occurred most frequently in autumn and least frequently in summer. Seasonal patterns of in-hospital mortality and length of stay differed markedly by stroke subtype. The seasonal pattern of ischemic stroke occurrence in Finland seems to have changed compared to 1982-1992. | 2024-04-05T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/5853 |
NEED FAST CA$H? Clean the Attic, Basement, Garage.. . Sell your items FAST! ten days - five lines For as low as $14.57 Contact for details! The Review Classifieds 330-385-XXXX *Private Party Merchandise Only No Real Estate or Vehicles All Ads MUST be prepaid | 2023-09-10T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/7982 |
Posted!
Join the Conversation
Comments
Welcome to our new and improved comments, which are for subscribers only.
This is a test to see whether we can improve the experience for you.
You do not need a Facebook profile to participate.
You will need to register before adding a comment.
Typed comments will be lost if you are not logged in.
Please be polite.
It's OK to disagree with someone's ideas, but personal attacks, insults, threats, hate speech, advocating violence and other violations can result in a ban.
If you see comments in violation of our community guidelines, please report them.
CLARKSVILLE, Tenn. — As anticipation builds for the first game of the season, curiosity on which players will be a star, have a breakout year or slip into a new leadership role increases.
For Austin Peay, the number of experienced but younger players makes this even more intriguing.
Several players are expected to be big contributors, but there are six APSU players fans specifically need to keep an eye on this season.
Buy Photo
Running back Wesley Thomas is stopped by Roderick Owens during the annual Red and White game at Governors Stadium Saturday.
.
(Photo: THE LEAF-CHRONICLE/ROBERT SMITH)
Roderick Owens, DB
Owens is the type of player who seems to be everywhere at once, making stops, breaking up passes and getting interceptions. Last year, the senior had three interceptions, posted 61 tackles (third most on the team) and opened the season with seven tackles. He has an ability to make himself a problem for the other team.
Buy Photo
Tight end James Coleman charges through a drill meant to mimic in-game pushing a ball-carrier might receive.(Photo: Autumn Allison/The Leaf-Chronicle)
James Coleman, TE
The junior is an all-around athlete who worked his way into being a reliable target in the Governors’ passing game last season. He earned four starts in 10 appearances and had his first career touchdown at the home finale against Southeast Missouri. His size makes him an intimidating player and his reliability is only increasing based on his spring and fall camp performances.
This running back duo could be a deadly feature of the quicker offensive scheme Austin Peay has been pushing toward all offseason, no matter which of the two earns the starting job. Because Morris and Franklin are essentially a mirror image of each other, it’s impossible to separate them, but it will also be difficult for teams to adjust to the speed both offer. Morris had a breakout season last year, earning multiple 100-yard rushing games and an all-OVC second-team slot. Franklin was a redshirt but has been neck-and-neck competitively with Morris.
Beard became a favorite target and crucial part of the Govs’ passing game last season. He led all Austin Peay receivers with 49 catches, 576 yards and six touchdowns to become the first Gov with more than 500 receiving yards in a season since 2012. This offseason Beard focused on becoming a more physical and consistent player. Those efforts and Beard’s experience will have the junior fill a large leadership role for APSU.
Buy Photo
Defensive back Malik Boynton tries to back off as a Governors' running back falls to the ground during practice on Saturday, Aug. 6.(Photo: Autumn Allison/The Leaf-Chronicle)
Malik Boynton, S
Last season was Boynton’s first on the secondary for the Governors, but he made the transition seamlessly, working his way into the starting role. He had 53 total tackles, 38 of which were unassisted, last season. Boynton is back on the field after dealing with an injury this spring. | 2024-07-12T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/9964 |
President Donald Trump’s iPhone Only Allows Access To One App
We all know how much U.S. President Trump likes to send inflammatory or downright odd tweets to the world, and we also know that he used to do his tweeting from an old Samsung device that was showing its age as far as security was concerned.
With that, the news that he is using an iPhone these days should perhaps not come as that big of a surprise, but news site Axios reports that the Trump phone only has one app accessible on it – Twitter.
According to the report, the president’s staff has to keep him busy in order to avoid him having too much time on his hands and thus limiting the amount of cable TV he can watch and tweeting he can do. That fact, if true, is amazing. Who would have imagined the leader of the free world would be managed in the same way you would a child?
Top White House officials tell me the key to forcing a more disciplined President Trump (like the one onstage overseas) is limiting his screen time. In Trump’s case, it’s curtailing his time watching TV and banging out tweets on his iPhone.
Trump himself has been pushing staff to give him more free time. But staff does everything it can to load up his schedule to keep him from getting worked up watching cable coverage, which often precipitates his tweets. It has worked well overseas so far.
There are, of course, device management tools that allow administrators to control which apps are visible on iOS devices, and controlling which apps can be installed is also very much something that can be done as required. We doubt the people looking after the president’s phone are using the same tools as, say, school I.T. departments, but the end result is still the same – stopping someone from doing something they shouldn’t because they can’t be trusted. | 2023-08-27T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/2695 |
Q:
How to align two divs underneath each other? (Top div is being cut in half)
I'm trying to align two div's vertically, I know how to do this. But another issue is coming up, the div above ("top-bar") is being cut in half when I place the second div below it and I have no reason why. Should I use position:absolute to solve this? I try to avoid using this however whenever I can. Thanks!
body {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background-color: #EFEFEF;
font-family: sans-serif;
}
.homepage-window {
height: 100vh;
display: flex;
}
.nav-bar {
width: 18%;
background-color: #2E3E4E;
}
.top-bar {
height: 8%;
width: 100%;
background-color: white;
border-bottom: 0.5px solid lightgrey;
}
.bottom-bar {
margin-top: 20%;
height: 8%;
width: 100%;
background-color: white;
border-bottom: 0.5px solid lightgrey;
}
/*border-top: 0.5px solid lightgrey;*/
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="CSS/Homepage.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<head>
<title>Cold-Ops Homepage</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="homepage-window">
<div class="nav-bar">
</div>
<div class="top-bar">
</div>
<div class="bottom-bar">
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
A:
Wrap your top-bar and bottom-bar div in another wrapper div with width :100%;
<div style="width: 100%;">
<div class="top-bar">
</div>
<div class="bottom-bar">
</div>
</div>
In your case all 3 divs are placed in a flex container, its aligning them in the same row. Thats why You need to keep the top-bar and bottom-bar div in another div container.
body {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background-color: #EFEFEF;
font-family: sans-serif;
}
.homepage-window {
height: 100vh;
display: flex;
}
.nav-bar {
width: 18%;
background-color: #2E3E4E;
}
.top-bar {
height: 8%;
width: 100%;
background-color: white;
border-bottom: 0.5px solid lightgrey;
}
.bottom-bar {
margin-top: 20%;
height: 8%;
width: 100%;
background-color: white;
border-bottom: 0.5px solid lightgrey;
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="CSS/Homepage.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<head>
<title>Cold-Ops Homepage</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="homepage-window">
<div class="nav-bar">
</div>
<div style="width: 100%;">
<div class="top-bar">
</div>
<div class="bottom-bar">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
| 2024-04-02T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4821 |
Arbor Wasteland Snowboard - $419.97
Lay waste to untouched pillows and virgin chutes on the Arbor Wasteland Snowboard. Mountain System rocker keeps you on top of the deep stuff and maintains stability on hardpack, while sustainably-harvested wood and recycled materials used in the construction of the Wasteland minimize impact on the environment, so it won't contribute to turning our mountains into actual wastelands. - $419.97 | 2024-02-11T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/8073 |
Q:
Best strategy to multiple CRUD with jsf
on my company we are developing a ERP-like app using java and jsf, so far the design team has identified about 20 entities,each with diferent properties, usually we'll be building 20 pages of CRUD , is there any better way to do this?, we are using hibernate as db access, so we came up with the idea of a single DAO for this part of the system, have you faced a similiar situation? what are your thoughts on it?
A:
You might consider codegenerating those 20 screens, much like scaffolding in Ruby does. As far as DAO is concerned, you might pull CUD operations to some generic IBusinessObjectDao, leaving specific R operations (querying by various parameters) to concrete DAO implementations.
| 2023-08-01T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/1929 |
King from All's Well That Ends Well by William Shakespeare
Author
Summary
In this monologue, the sickly King is speaking to the young Bertram. The king remembers Bertram's deceased father fondly and with great respect. He speaks of Bertam's father's distaste for growing old and full-heartedly agrees with him. | 2023-11-21T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/7872 |
Q:
How to calculate total width of text including the left and right bearing
I am trying to calculate the total width of a span in HTML including both the left and right bearings of the first and last characters. I have already tried Javascript's offsetWidth and jQuery's width & outerWidth functions, but neither of them return the correct value I am seeking. Here is an example of what I mean. Running in Firefox the calculated width is 135px, while measuring with the Web Developer plug-in gives an actual width of 141px.
Edit
Here is what I've tried, and here are the values it gives me:
offsetWidth = 135
jQuery.width() = 135
jQuery.outerWidth() = 135
None of them are calculating the 6px overhang on the 'f' (which would make the width 141).
A:
Sadly, no straightforward solution exists because it is outside the realm of the box model -- the browser itself does not recognise the overhang of the letter 'f' when rendering layout. You can see this for yourself if you wrap the <span> within a <div> of width: 135px, and overflow: auto -- No scrollbars appear, the overhang is simply cut off. This is also why firebug reports the width without the overhang.
As @Aaron pointed out, the problem doesn't exist with monospaced fonts as no letters extend beyond the character's fixed-width box in those fonts.
The only way to find the real width is through pixel-based (rather than layout-based) methods. I can think of one way: draw the same text, with the same font, onto a <canvas> element, and measure the pixel width that way.
| 2023-10-09T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4841 |
Man United confirm Martial signing
Manchester United on Tuesday confirmed the signing of 19-year-old French striker Anthony Martial from Monaco on a four-year contract with an option for a further year.
“Manchester United is delighted to announce that Anthony Martial has completed his transfer from AS Monaco,” the club announced on their website.
United did not disclose the transfer fee, but British reports said it was £36 million ($55.1 million, 49 million euros) — a record for a teenage player — with reports in France suggesting it could rise to 80 million euros.
“I am so excited to be joining Manchester United,” said Martial. “I have enjoyed my time at AS Monaco and I would like to thank them and the fans for everything they have done for me.” | 2023-12-09T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/9826 |
Q:
Selecting multiple attributes with variables using arcpy
I'm working on a program for my work and I'm trying to select multiple power line segments from the same shapefile. I'm having trouble with my SQL syntax to pass both variables on to the selection process in the program. I've tried both the 'or' and 'in' queries. The line of code worked with just one variable, but it still only passes one variable after I added the second one. Any suggestions?
import arcpy
line_val1 = raw_input('Enter Line Number: ')
line_val2 = raw_input('Enter Line Number: ')
expression = str(""" "LINE_NUM_1" = '""" + line_val1 + "'" or """ "LINE_NUM_1" = '""" + line_val2 + "'")
arcpy.SelectLayerByAttribute_management(line_out, "NEW_SELECTION", expression)
A:
Your or is outside your string.
expression = """ "LINE_NUM_1" = '""" + line_val1 + "' or "\"LINE_NUM_1\" = '" + line_val2 + "'"
I like using IN and format, myself.
""""LINE_NUM_1" IN ('{}', '{}')""".format (line_val1, line_val2)
| 2023-10-19T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/5564 |
Item 3 Open Comments
Section 1001.72(1), Florida
Statutes, authorizes the University’s Board of
Trustees to settle lawsuits. The University is
requesting that the Board of Trustees
delegate the authority to settle lawsuits to the President of the University.
This is a request to approve new housing rental rates for 2007/2008, allowing the University to use accurate rates in recruitment documents for students who will be entering that year. These increases will also necessitate an amendment to the regulation.
Recently, the Board adopted an update of the campus master plan for UNF. Upon adoption of this campus master plan update the Board and the City of Jacksonville are required to enter into a campus development agreement. This agreement identifies any deficiencies in public facilities and services which the proposed campus development would create or to which it would contribute, as well as the improvements which are necessary to eliminate these deficiencies. This plan must be approved by the Board and the City.
The University is presenting the current plan to the Finance and Audit Committee for review and approval.
The purpose of this discussion is to provide an update for the Finance and Audit Committee on UNF’s progress in meeting the plan of action outlined in the University’s response to the September 2005 Operational Audit by the Auditor General’s Office.
The Finance and Audit Committee discussed the diminished state of the aquatic center at their March 16th meeting. Chair Twomey asked that a report be prepared for the next committee meeting. This report is attached. | 2024-06-01T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4429 |
5 Tips for Ditching the Sugar
I had always heard so many terrible things about sugar. You know them. Sugar spikes blood sugar and causes Type 2 Diabetes. It causes you to crave more and more unhealthy foods. It “feeds” cancer. It causes obesity. It is as addictive as this drug or that drug. And on and on.
But I still ate like a ten year old and craved sugars and starches all the time. I couldn’t just eat two cookies. I always ended up eating six or eight. I couldn’t bypass my favorite donut shop. I couldn’t skip the candy at the gas station. Sugar was controlling me!
Even now, I have to pinch myself to realize that I, the sugar queen and junk food junkie, am writing an article about how to ditch sugar. How did this happen to me? I have a few insights, but regardless of how, I am just so happy that it did.
And yet, did it? Did it really happen to me?
No. It didn’t happen to me…I happened to it. I took the steps necessary. And little by little, actually before I even knew it. I had control over sugar more often than not. Then I had control over sugar 80% of the time. Then I had it 95% of the time.
Do I ever have treats? Definitely! But I choose when, where, and how much. And it is just that—a treat. Not an every day occurrence. Not in excess. And not indulgent.
And I choose carefully. (See “How Much Better Does That Taste.”) I never eat anything with sugar that isn’t the best, a favorite, totally worth it. Cookies from the bakery? Not a chance. My daughter’s homemade chocolate chip cookies? Um, yeah! Ice cream from McDonald’s? Really? But a DeBrand’s Sundae…for sure! But nothing that isn’t absolutely amazing.
So how did I get from sugar addict to very little sugar? How did I get from a “ten-year-old-gotta-have-donuts” to writing about rarely eating sugar?
Here are my Five Effective Tips for Ditching the Sugar:
1) Find the best, healthiest sugar substitute that you will actually use, can obtain easily, and like. (You don’t have to love it at first…just so you don’t dread it!)
This is the basis for my e-book, Sugar-Free Solutions. Unless you have super human willpower or really do not like sugar, the best way to get away from sugar is to have other things that you can substitute for your old favorites. You can learn more about sugar-free subs in this printable chart or this pinnable graphic. I would be honored to help you through this blog.
Once you have a good sub that you like, you can follow the other steps below. And you can learn to cook and bake with the substitute. Then instead of grabbing a Reese’s cup, you can whip up some Sugar-Free Taglongs. Instead of eating cookies at that party, you can reach in your purse and eat your Sugar-Free Peanut Butter Criss Cross Cookies. Instead of eating jam on your healthy bread that has as much sugar and as many carbohydrates in it as a candy bar, you can use Sugar-Free Apple Butter. And little by little, you will find yourself eating less and less sugar.
2) Give up sugar (and your new substitute) cold turkey for a while.
I know this is listed above in one of the tips that doesn’t work, but bear with me as I explain when it does work.
If you give up sugar and treats made with sugar-free sweeteners for a week or two or three (and, of course, the sugary ones too!), you will enjoy fruit more AND your new-found sugar-free sweetener will taste way better than if you have sugar one day and the next try to eat something made with, say, Pyure, for instance.
This is not the same deprivation as when you tried to give up sugar cold turkey forever. You can do anything for one week or two weeks. Knowing that there is an ending date makes all the difference in the world. Knowing that at the end of this week, you are going to make yourself some amazing SF PB Flavored Chocolate Bars (see page 59) (that you will actually enjoy more now!) and that you are going to have some healthy toast with sugar-free spread will help you keep going for this short period of time.
Yes, they say it takes twenty-one days to start a new habit, but you are not trying to give up sugar for a while. You are trying to change your tastes so that when you eat fruit, it is yummy. So that when you eat something made with healthy sweetener, you love it. So get rid of real sugar altogether as you set out on your sugar-free journey. You can always have a piece of cake at hubby’s birthday party or caramel corn at the movies later down the road—if it is worth it to you and you have decided ahead of time to do that. You will be in control—not the sugar.
3) Limit the types and numbers of fruits for a little while only—then have them in place of sugar!
If you are on a low carb diet, you know that you have to greatly limit the types and numbers of fruits that you can have in order to stay under your daily carb number. And we all know that fruit has sugar in it—natural, yes, but sugar nonetheless.
A few people are triggered to have sugar from eating fruit. Too much fruit can cause a spike in blood sugar, leading to cravings. But for the most part, fruit is real food. And those who are not keto or extremely low carb can enjoy fruit on a daily basis.
The problem with it in the beginning of going sugar free is that it CAN cause you to want sugary foods.
So I recommend limiting the type and number per day just for a little bit.
Here’s my logic: If you have lower sugar fruits right away as you are going off of sugar, they can help you immensely stay on your plan. But if you have all fruits (including the carbier/sweeter ones), you won’t have those to look forward to in your journey (and they could make your want sugar).
So….I recommend that in the first week or two of going off of sugar (just like when you aren’t using sugar-free treats yet), you just stick with lower sugar fruits. These are generally lower in carbs—and will help you with your sweet tooth without spiking your blood sugar (which leads to cravings).
The best fruits for that first couple of weeks are berries of all kinds—strawberries, blueberries, blackberries, raspberries. (Stick with me…you will love these with the amazing dishes in my upcoming Healthy Mixes: Cream Cheese Dessert Base!) Just enjoy these two or three times a day, if needed, for the first two weeks. (Don’t sprinkle Pyure over your strawberries or top them with homemade whipping cream yet—have patience for a bit. They will be super yummy later when you do!)
After your first week or two of being sugar-free, and as you are adding in your favorite healthy sugar substitute, add back in other amazing fruits.
Just like you will like your sugar-free sweetener more, you will also like your fruits more! You will be amazed at how wonderful apples, bananas, watermelon, oranges, pineapple, and more all taste!
I still limit my fruits to two to four servings per day because of my pre-diabetes, but I look forward to them so much! They are like candy to me now—only without sugar, carb comas, weight gain, and blood sugar spikes!
4) Develop a plan for sugar cravings!
What will help you the most say no to sugar cravings? Well, definitely knowing that you have other options that are yummy, using fruit instead of sugar, eating real foods (and filling up on them rather than “saving room” for junk food), etc., will all help.
But there are other “distractions” and tips that I use with success.
Tips I Use to Distract Me From Sugar
a. Talk to myself.I do. I say, “That donut is not going to taste that much better than sprouted toast with sugar-free apple butter. Plus, you can have two pieces for fifteen carbs, 200 hundred calories, and no sugar vs. sixty carbs, 600 calories, and feeling terrible.” Or I say, “I can skip this now and have a homemade Milk Chocolate Bar when I get home. It will taste almost as good, and I can keep losing weight and feeling great.”
b. Cut out bad habits associated with sugar. Instead of taking treats to bed with me (one of my former downfalls), I tell myself that my treat is getting to lie in a super comfortable bed (and feeling great!), getting to sleep 7 to 8 hours, getting to read a book or watch a show on Hulu, etc. I speak this to myself too: “I don’t need a snack in bed. I get these other great things that satisfy me and reward me for a hard day’s work.”
d. Plan to eat sugar. I know that sounds funny in an article on going sugar-free, but a big part of being mostly sugar-free is that you are in control. By planning when I’m going to eat something unhealthy, I am telling myself that the rest of the time, I will eat only healthful things. I am telling myself that this one food is worth it (or this one event). I am in control…not any sugar at any time, any day, any place!
e. Exercise.I know this is in every list. However, as you are successful in giving up junk foods, you will be so proud of yourself and so self-governing that exercise might get easy for you after all! Once I got control of my eating, I found it an easy next step to start exercising five days a week (something I had always tried to do but could never achieve!). Start small. Commit to something you love just once or twice a week. And see if your in-control eating habits don’t cause you to be able to reach this goal as well. And then vice versa—exercise helps you control cravings too! Win-win!
f. Eat real food for snacks. We have a tendency to think that a sandwich or taco or lettuce wrap or meatballs or salmon patties are meal foods. And so during snacking, we reach for what we traditionally think of as a “snack food.” In reality, the “meal foods” can have fewer calories, be less carby, provide more nutrition, and satisfy us better than the snack. A low-carb sprouted bread sandwich of leftover turkey burger, Laughing Cow cheese wedge, mustard, lettuce, and tomato can weigh in at 10 carbs, 400 calories, and lots of protein (and nutrition in general). But we think chips and salsa is better because it is a “snack food.” The sandwich is way more nutrient dense and less carby (and potentially lower in calories) than the chips and salsa…but we think we don’t want to eat something “so heavy.”
g. Don’t feel sorry for yourself!We can get all “woe is me” when we are trying to lose weight, eat more healthyfully, and make positive changes. Rather than saying, “I can’t have that,” say, “I’d prefer to eat something a little less carby or sugary.” Rather than saying, “That’s off limits…my stupid diet…” Say, “I could have that, but I wouldn’t choose that as one of my faves.”
While my Plexus info might be tucked away here and there on my blogs, it for sure belongs here! The four tips above are only part of my sugar-free story. In November of 2015, I started taking the Plexus TriPlex (Plexus Slim {pink drink}, BioCleanse, and ProBio 5), and within two weeks, my cravings had lessened. Within a month, I lost a size (fat, not weight). Within two months, I gave up a twenty-five year Diet Coke habit (that I had tried to break every single year at least once a year!).
Within a year, I have lost fifteen more pounds, two sizes, and twenty inches….and am loving the inflammation-fighting, gut health providing, blood-sugar balancing of TriPlex!
I have since added Block to block carbohydrates and Boost to help curb my appetite–and weight management, food choices, exercise, sleep, and health have never been so doable for me. Check out my Plexus blog for more info—or email or text me! I’d love to help you with the amazing Plexus products—and your healthy cooking and baking! 🙂
Let me know how you are doing on your sugar-free journey! Comment below or the Facebook page or email me. Let me know what is working and what is not. And what you would like to see in the blog or upcoming e-books!
I am an affiliate for Amazon and an ambassador for Plexus. This post contains affiliate links to both Amazon and Plexus. By clicking on the links, you help support this blog! Thank you so much 🙂 | 2023-09-17T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/8196 |
“The sad thing for us today is that on a day of celebration of onipa’a and the significance of January 17 to native Hawaiians, that this is going to dominate the news today and not the celebration of Native Hawaiians coming together,” said Brendon Lee, the vice-chairman of OHA’s Board of Trustees. | 2024-03-16T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/9350 |
// { dg-options "-std=gnu++17" }
// { dg-do run { target c++17 } }
// Copyright (C) 2013-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
// with this library; see the file COPYING3. If not see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
// basic_string_view::compare [lib.string_view::compare]
#include <string_view>
#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
// libstdc++/13650
void
test01()
{
using std::wstring_view;
const wchar_t lit_01[] = { L'w', L'e', L'\0', L'r', L'd' };
const wchar_t lit_02[] = { L'w', L'e', L'i', L'\0', L'd' };
const wchar_t lit_ref_a[] = { L'w', L'e', L'\0', L'q', L'd' };
const wstring_view str_a(lit_ref_a, 5);
VERIFY( str_a.compare(0, 5, lit_01, 5) < 0 );
const wchar_t lit_ref_b[] = { L'w', L'e', L'i' };
const wstring_view str_b(lit_ref_b, 3);
VERIFY( str_b.compare(0, 3, lit_02, 5) < 0 );
}
int
main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
| 2023-09-28T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4042 |
Synthetic full-length and truncated RANTES inhibit HIV-1 infection of primary macrophages.
To determine the effect of beta-chemokines on HIV-1 infection of primary macrophages, and to search for chemokine derivatives devoid of biological effects but efficient at protecting CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages against HIV-1. Use of chemically synthesized molecules devoid of biological contaminants and monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy donors. Full-length RANTES was chemically synthesized together with three derivatives, truncated of seven, eight and nine amino acids at the amino-terminus ([8-68]RANTES, [9-68]RANTES and [10-68]RANTES), which were tested for their biological activity and antiviral effects. Whereas full-length and truncated RANTES derivatives bound to beta-chemokine receptor CCR-5 with the same affinity as recombinant RANTES, the truncated forms were not chemotactic and acted as CCR-5 antagonists in this respect, although a partial agonist effect was noted on cell metabolism. Full-length RANTES and [8-68]RANTES protected T lymphocytes and macrophages from infection by HIV-1, although 10-fold higher concentrations of the truncated analogues were necessary to achieve the same effect as full-length RANTES. With regard to the effect of RANTES on HIV-1 infection of primary macrophages, our results contrast with most previously reported data. These data indicate that through binding to CCR-5, truncated RANTES derivatives that are devoid of detectable biological effects may represent candidates as drugs to protect both lymphocytes and macrophages from HIV- 1. | 2024-01-25T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4089 |
Q:
How can I avoid both objects A and B using class C (or is it unavoidable)?
I have the following setup:
An object A running as a separate service with its own address (implemented via Pyro package in Python).
An object B running as a separate service with its own address.
Object C used as a vehicle to transport data between A and C.
Use case:
A creates C and sends it to B for processing.
What annoys me:
I need to import C class definition in both A and B.
Main question:
Is this normal? Do I really need to have C in some common library? Would that not be a problem if A is sitting on one server, B on another and the common library (with C) changes?
Side question:
I am going for some hybrid of object orientated and event driven system. Does this setup sound like it? I am not too familiar with the terminology for paradigms. Is this service based architecture?
A:
When I talk to you I have to import a concept called English. It annoys me that you have to import English as well because there are all these interesting French women who refuse to import English. I'd like to be able to talk to them but I refuse to import French as well.
You need some common way to communicate. You could send a string but even that requires a common way to communicate. You'd just be using the fact that both have already imported string. Of course you'd still have to decide what the string will be (json, xml, ini, ...) and how it's structured (schema) so really you're right back where you started.
Another design would be to create a C interface that only defined what needs to be common. That way B doesn't care about C other then how to talk to it leaving A free to create as many different kinds of C implementations as it likes.
Alternately you could use the UN model and create class D whose job it is to translate AC's into BC's and vise versa. This is a lot of extra work so understand this is a work around that only makes sense because neither side totally won the Anglo-French Wars.
| 2024-03-04T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/1052 |
To get back to the thinking - The pats are effectively now without their top 5 pass catchers from last year to start the season (assuming Hernandez is out and they don't bring back Lloyd or Branch). I believe Brady has become a QB who develops rapport with a few guys and doesn't work hard on developing the others. (Maybe part of that is that he doesn't need to.)
You gave a list of some bad players (extending over years). Let's focus on the last three or four years. Who did he ignore? There isn't a long list to choose from.
Taylor Price?
Sean Underwood?
Ochocinco?
Here are his receivers since 2009--who would you say he failed at developing?
Pro: I recommend you not bother trying to reason with UD. He's a hater and will always be one. He is among those, who profess fanship of another team, yet come on these boards constantly just to stir the pot, even though he professes that isn't his goal - it is. He cannot present a salient logical POV and when challenged resorts to the "I'm just giving my opinion, not trying to cause trouble" line. Thing is, he refuses to rationalize his opinions beyond broad-stroking trollship. Want a laugh, ask for a specific. Want another one, ask for a reliable source beyond his personal thoughts.
Brady can work with just about anyone. IMO all he cares about is winning another Super Bowl and will sacrifice stats and anything else to make the team better. They've invested draft picks and some money in improving the defense and I think we win this season. He will make it work and has enough weapons, I don't think the deep passing, air it out is Brady's game. There is nobody better at the short and intermediate game IMO . The Patriots will be fine.
Pro: I recommend you not bother trying to reason with UD. He's a hater and will always be one. He is among those, who profess fanship of another team, yet come on these boards constantly just to stir the pot, even though he professes that isn't his goal - it is. He cannot present a salient logical POV and when challenged resorts to the "I'm just giving my opinion, not trying to cause trouble" line. Thing is, he refuses to rationalize his opinions beyond broad-stroking trollship. Want a laugh, ask for a specific. Want another one, ask for a reliable source beyond his personal thoughts.
[/QUOTE]
I think much of what UD posts about Brady is motivated by his desire to "prove" Manning is better than Brady. Honestly, I think the two are both great. Seems like a silly argument to me to try to prove one is better than the other.
After the disaster that was the 2006 draft BB was in deep doo doo. Not only did 2 high draft picks on offense bust, but now the good D he inherited was evaporating before his eyes as well. Of his next 12 top 3 picks (over 4 years) he picked 10 defenders. Meriweather, Brown, Wheatley, Crable, Chung, Brace, Butler, McCourty and Cunningham were the bulk of his choices and no way was that bunch going to effectively replace the aging D he was losing largely populated courtesy of his predecessors Parcells and Carrol. And precious few high draft picks were available for the offensive skill positions during that drafting debacle.
The following year he picked a mix on both sides of the ball and the next threw nearly the whole damned thing at a D he just could not fix with the draft to save his life. This last draft he went back to trading down and picking guys that had many scratching their heads.
^^^ Calling "that" the work of the greatest GM of all time is preposterous.
After the disaster that was the 2006 draft BB was in deep doo doo. Not only did 2 high draft picks on offense bust, but now the good D he inherited was evaporating before his eyes as well. Of his next 12 top 3 picks (over 4 years) he picked 10 defenders. Meriweather, Brown, Wheatley, Crable, Chung, Brace, Butler, McCourty and Cunningham were the bulk of his choices and no way was that bunch going to effectively replace the aging D he was losing largely populated courtesy of his predecessors Parcells and Carrol. And precious few high draft picks were available for the offensive skill positions during that drafting debacle.
The following year he picked a mix on both sides of the ball and the next threw nearly the whole damned thing at a D he just could not fix with the draft to save his life. This last draft he went back to trading down and picking guys that had many scratching their heads.
^^^ Calling "that" the work of the greatest GM of all time is preposterous.
2007 The greatest team to not win a championship. The team was comprised of all Belichick players except Bruschi.
2008They would have made some noise if they had only made the playoffs.
2009A down year but they still finished 6th overall.
2010They beat both super bowl participants in the regular season.
2011They were a play or two from winning another SB.
20124th overall finish. Injuries got the best of them.
It's super bowl or bust for you. I guess some fans will never be happy.
Pro: I recommend you not bother trying to reason with UD. He's a hater and will always be one. He is among those, who profess fanship of another team, yet come on these boards constantly just to stir the pot, even though he professes that isn't his goal - it is. He cannot present a salient logical POV and when challenged resorts to the "I'm just giving my opinion, not trying to cause trouble" line. Thing is, he refuses to rationalize his opinions beyond broad-stroking trollship. Want a laugh, ask for a specific. Want another one, ask for a reliable source beyond his personal thoughts.
I think much of what UD posts about Brady is motivated by his desire to "prove" Manning is better than Brady. Honestly, I think the two are both great. Seems like a silly argument to me to try to prove one is better than the other.
Not so much. My original post was really more about current circumstances (top 5 receivers from last year likely not starting the season or gone) and past actions (the pats dispassionate removal of very talented players on the back side of their career. I realize that much of this thread has been to attack my opinion that Brady doesn't develop receivers well, but frankly that's only a small part of the whole thing.
This has very little to do with Manning except that he did develop receivers well. Brees has had success with drafted receivers. So has Rodgers, Eli, and Roethlisberger. Maybe its the pats system. Its obvious they don't covet receivers, but you'd think they could draft one that turns out. While I said, that I put a lot of it on the receiver himself, I also said it could be because Brady didn't think he needed to develop anyone else, because he had so much already. Hard to argue with Moss and Welker, and Brady (and/or the system) likes tight ends.
2008They would have made some noise if they had only made the playoffs.
2009A down year but they still finished 6th overall.
2010They beat both super bowl participants in the regular season.
2011They were a play or two from winning another SB.
20124th overall finish. Injuries got the best of them.
It's super bowl or bust for you. I guess some fans will never be happy.
I am certainly not "SB or bust", but at the same time, it's difficult to explain not winning it all very often if you believe in the Mt. Olympus address of Belichick. If he's THAT awesome, there should be better outcomes to seasons than "they beat the teams that played the SB last year" and "missed the playoffs, but if they didn't..."
I am certainly not "SB or bust", but at the same time, it's difficult to explain not winning it all very often if you believe in the Mt. Olympus address of Belichick. If he's THAT awesome, there should be better outcomes to seasons than "they beat the teams that played the SB last year" and "missed the playoffs, but if they didn't..."
Belichick is a great coach, a poor GM.
Well, if Belichick is a poor GM then so are the rest.
Ozzie Newsome Ravens2008 11-5 Lost to Steelers conference championship2009 9-7 Lost to Colts divisional round2010 12-4 Lost to Steelers divisional round2011 12-4 Lost to Patriots conference championship2012 10-6 Won SB
I am certainly not "SB or bust", but at the same time, it's difficult to explain not winning it all very often if you believe in the Mt. Olympus address of Belichick. If he's THAT awesome, there should be better outcomes to seasons than "they beat the teams that played the SB last year" and "missed the playoffs, but if they didn't..."
Belichick is a great coach, a poor GM.
Well, if Belichick is a poor GM then so are the rest.
Ozzie Newsome Ravens2008 11-5 Lost to Steelers conference championship2009 9-7 Lost to Colts divisional round2010 12-4 Lost to Steelers divisional round2011 12-4 Lost to Patriots conference championship2012 10-6 Won SB
1.) All of those teams won a Superbowl ... two if you inch back a season.
2.) BB also missed the playoffs once.
They are all good GMs -- maybe excepting Mickey Loomis in my opinion. I think he is just average: he misses a lot with some high picks.
1.) I listed the last 5 SB winners.
2. Yup, with an 11-5 record with a high school QB.
Except for the Saints win, all of the last 6 super bowls were close games. The Patriots could have won both with some breaks (all credit given to the Giants). I just can't place blame on Bill the GM for those losses.
I think Belichick compares favourably to all those other GMs. I just don't think BB is head and shoulders above them. Yes, he manages the cap very well and keeps the team consistently strong--and is maybe better at that than anyone. But he's had enough poor picks and enough trouble rebuilding certain positions that you can't say without qualitifcation that he's clearly better than the other top GMs. I contend that the Pats' talent hasn't been quite championship calibre since 2007 and that they have advanced as far as they have in seasons since then mostly because of good coaching, Brady, and a few (but not enough) impact players.
Their teams have won a super bowl or two and are typically in the playoff hunt.
That's a pretty low bar for such high praise.
"The best of the best" seems to imply abilities well above and beyond that of his contemporaries. Missing the playoffs three times in five years and having a barely winning record implies a few lucky bounces lead to a SB victory.
I think Belichick compares favourably to all those other GMs. I just don't think BB is head and shoulders above them.
That right there already puts you in the minority regardless of whether you agree with Rusty that BB is the best ever. We've got the majority of this board calling for BB to be canned. Some of it is the usual suspects, but it amazes me how many people have jumped on that bandwagon since the Hernandez investigation. I think its crazy and I imagine most fans of teams outside of NE do too. | 2024-07-14T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/7576 |
/* $NoKeywords: $ */
/*
//
// Copyright (c) 1993-2012 Robert McNeel & Associates. All rights reserved.
// OpenNURBS, Rhinoceros, and Rhino3D are registered trademarks of Robert
// McNeel & Associates.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY.
// ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND OF
// MERCHANTABILITY ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED.
//
// For complete openNURBS copyright information see <http://www.opennurbs.org>.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
*/
#if !defined(ON_CONE_INC_)
#define ON_CONE_INC_
class ON_NurbsSurface;
class ON_Brep;
// Description:
// Lightweight right circular cone. Use ON_ConeSurface if
// you need ON_Cone geometry as a virtual ON_Surface.
class ON_CLASS ON_Cone
{
public:
// Creates a cone with world XY plane as the base plane,
// center = (0,0,0), radius = 0.0, height = 0.0.
ON_Cone();
// See ON_Cone::Create.
ON_Cone(
const ON_Plane& plane,
double height,
double radius
);
~ON_Cone();
// Description:
// Creates a right circular cone from a plane, height,
// and radius.
// plane - [in] The apex of cone is at plane.origin and
// the axis of the cone is plane.zaxis.
// height - [in] The center of the base is height*plane.zaxis.
// radius - [in] tan(cone angle) = radius/height
ON_BOOL32 Create(
const ON_Plane& plane,
double height,
double radius
);
// Returns true if plane is valid, height is not zero, and
// radius is not zero.
ON_BOOL32 IsValid() const;
// Returns:
// Center of base circle.
// Remarks:
// The base point is plane.origin + height*plane.zaxis.
ON_3dPoint BasePoint() const;
// Returns:
// Point at the tip of the cone.
// Remarks:
// The apex point is plane.origin.
const ON_3dPoint& ApexPoint() const;
// Returns:
// Unit vector axis of cone.
const ON_3dVector& Axis() const;
// Returns:
// The angle (in radians) between the axis and the
// side of the cone.
// The angle and the height have the same sign.
double AngleInRadians() const;
// Returns:
// The angle Iin degrees) between the axis and the side.
// The angle and the height have the same sign.
double AngleInDegrees() const;
// evaluate parameters and return point
// Parameters:
// radial_parameter - [in] 0.0 to 2.0*ON_PI
// height_parameter - [in] 0 = apex, height = base
ON_3dPoint PointAt(
double radial_parameter,
double height_parameter
) const;
// Parameters:
// radial_parameter - [in] (in radians) 0.0 to 2.0*ON_PI
// height_parameter - [in] 0 = apex, height = base
// Remarks:
// If radius>0 and height>0, then the normal points "out"
// when height_parameter >= 0.
ON_3dVector NormalAt(
double radial_parameter,
double height_parameter
) const;
// Description:
// Get iso curve circle at a specified height.
// Parameters:
// height_parameter - [in] 0 = apex, height = base
ON_Circle CircleAt(
double height_parameter
) const;
// Description:
// Get iso curve line segment at a specified angle.
// Parameters:
// radial_parameter - [in] (in radians) 0.0 to 2.0*ON_PI
ON_Line LineAt(
double radial_parameter
) const;
// returns parameters of point on cone that is closest to given point
bool ClosestPointTo(
ON_3dPoint point,
double* radial_parameter,
double* height_parameter
) const;
// returns point on cone that is closest to given point
ON_3dPoint ClosestPointTo(
ON_3dPoint
) const;
ON_BOOL32 Transform( const ON_Xform& );
// rotate cone about its origin
ON_BOOL32 Rotate(
double sin_angle,
double cos_angle,
const ON_3dVector& axis_of_rotation
);
ON_BOOL32 Rotate(
double angle_in_radians,
const ON_3dVector& axis_of_rotation
);
// rotate cone about a point and axis
ON_BOOL32 Rotate(
double sin_angle,
double cos_angle,
const ON_3dVector& axis_of_rotation,
const ON_3dPoint& center_of_rotation
);
ON_BOOL32 Rotate(
double angle_in_radians,
const ON_3dVector& axis_of_rotation,
const ON_3dPoint& center_of_rotation
);
ON_BOOL32 Translate(
const ON_3dVector& delta
);
ON_BOOL32 GetNurbForm( ON_NurbsSurface& ) const;
/*
Description:
Creates a surface of revolution definition of the cylinder.
Parameters:
srf - [in] if not NULL, then this srf is used.
Result:
A surface of revolution or NULL if the cylinder is not
valid or is infinite.
*/
ON_RevSurface* RevSurfaceForm( ON_RevSurface* srf = NULL ) const;
public:
ON_Plane plane; // apex = plane.origin, axis = plane.zaxis
double height; // not zero
double radius; // not zero
};
#endif
| 2024-02-26T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4864 |
Warner Bros. is plotting a future for the Batman movie franchise without Ben Affleck. The Hollywood Reporter states that WB has plans to "gracefully" usher the movie superstar out of the DC movie universe as it moves forward with a planned trilogy of Batman movies by director Matt Reeves.
According to THR, there would be an in-continuity reason for the change in Batman actors, which probably means that the Affleck's Bruce Wayne would either retire or be killed off.
THR cites Ben Affleck's age as a major reason for the potential change. Affleck is currently 45 years old and he'd quickly be approaching 50 by the time The Batman comes out in 2019 or later.
While older action stars aren't uncommon in Hollywood (Robert Downey Jr. is 52,) Affleck is also significantly older than his fellow Justice League stars. Henry Cavill and Gal Gadot are both younger than 35, while Ezra Miller is only 24 years old. Jason Momoa is the only other Justice Leaguer who's anywhere close to 40.
There's a couple of possibilities as to what could happen next. Affleck could possibly remain Batman for the planned Justice League movies, while Matt Reeves casts another actor, with plans to eventually transition Reeves' Batman into the wider universe. WB could also have Affleck's Bruce Wayne pass off the mantle to a successor like Nightwing or Azrael.
There's also ample precedent to simply recast Batman, similar to Val Kilmer replacing Michael Keaton in the 1990s without any in-movie mention.
In the meantime, Ben Affleck will star as Batman in Justice League, which debuts on November 17, 2017.
Justice League currently has a 4.16 out of 5 ComicBook.com User Anticipation rating making it the third most anticipated upcoming comic book movie among ComicBook.com readers.
Let us know how excited you are for Justice League by giving the movie your own personal ComicBook.com User Anticipation Rating below.
In Justice League, fueled by his restored faith in humanity and inspired by Superman's (Henry Cavill) selfless act, Bruce Wayne (Ben Affleck) enlists newfound ally Diana Prince to face an even greater threat. Together, Batman and Wonder Woman work quickly to recruit a team to stand against this newly awakened enemy. Despite the formation of an unprecedented league of heroes -- Batman, Wonder Woman, Aquaman, Cyborg and the Flash -- it may be too late to save the planet from an assault of catastrophic proportions.
Justice League is directed by Zack Snyder, from a screenplay by Chris Terrio, based on a story by Snyder and Terrio, Justice League stars Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Gal Gadot, Jason Momoa, Ezra Miller, Ray Fisher, Ciarán Hinds, Amy Adams, Willem Dafoe, Jesse Eisenberg, Jeremy Irons, Diane Lane, Connie Nielsen, and J. K. Simmons.
MORE JUSTICE LEAGUE: LEGO Unveils Justice League Movie Sets / The Flash Movie Is Open To Directors Phil Lord & Chris Miller / Cyborg Origins Figure Exclusive Coming From Mattel | 2024-03-05T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4706 |
It is a recurring well known problem that undesirable yellowing exists within polyester fibers and plastics. Furthermore, with the advent of adding UV absorbers within certain polyester containers and/or bottles as protectants for liquids and foodstuffs kept therein, this yellowing problem is compounded. Since UV absorbers absorb visible light most heavily in the low wavelength violet and indigo range of wavelengths, they produce a resultant yellow appearance within polyester. If such a plastic is clear and/or uncolored, the yellow appearance reduces the aesthetics thereof, particularly within thicker plastic portions (such as the bottom or bottlecap support within the neck of a polyester bottle), thus reducing the desirability of such an article from widespread commercial use.
The yellowing of the polyester by itself has been effectively reduced in the past, at least from a straightforward neutralization standpoint, through the utilization of certain types of toners that are incorporated into the target polyester in order to mask, hide, or neutralize the yellow color within the visible spectrum. Such toners for polyester must not exhibit extraction, must not be susceptible to degradation due to exposure to light, humidity, temperature, and other such drastic conditions. Such bluing agents should also exhibit a minimal degree of thermal degradation (or, conversely, excellent thermal stability) during polyester manufacture, desirably at any stage during plastic production, but acceptably at any stage of the article manufacturing process. In addition, the toner must have minimal adverse effects on the physical properties of the polyester polymer, such as in terms of reducing the intrinsic viscosity or transparency thereof.
One of the most prevalent compounds for this purpose is cobalt acetate. However, such a compound exhibits disadvantageous characteristics that limit its desirability for such an application. For example, cobalt acetate toned materials tend to be unstable during storage and are particularly susceptible to temperature and humidity, and tends to undergo an undesirable color shift toward yellow. Further, when high cobalt concentrations are needed to mask the yellow color of some polymers there is a tendency to impart a gray hue to the polymer. This grayness is believed, without intending on being bound to any specific scientific theory, to result from the broad range of wavelength over which this compound absorbs at a relatively high level. This effect appears to be attributable to the extremely broad half-height bandwidth thereof. As a result, and with such a relatively high absorption level over such a wide range of wavelengths, the brightness of the target polyester is compromised and the appearance thereof is dulled. Such a compound is also limited in its additive levels within polyesters by governmental mandate due to suspect effects of cobalt in relatively high amounts within such end-use articles, among other problems.
Additional toners include costly and rather suspect types within U.S. Pat. No. 4,745,174. Disclosed therein are certain 1-cyano-3H-dibenz-isoquinoline-2,7-diones that are effective as bluing agents generally; however, they are also expensive to manufacture and exhibit potential environmental and toxicological issues relative to their manufacture and use.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,384,377 and 5,372,864 both disclose mixed compound toner systems requiring red anthraquinones and blue anthraquinones. Such mixtures are polymerized into the target polyester (thereby exhibiting no migration within or therefrom) and provide a certain degree of effective neutralization of yellowing. However, as noted in greater detail below, such mixtures of compounds also generate a dullness or grayness within the target polyester that is undesirable to a certain aesthetic level. As with the cobalt acetate above, the combination of red and blue color synergistically produce a broad absorption spectrum with a rather wide half-height bandwidth. The resultant absorption peaks exhibited by such a combination are favorable to yellow neutralization, however, the high absorption levels exhibited for wavelengths not complementary to the generated yellow within the target polyester also dulls the resultant plastic. Furthermore, this combination is primarily utilized through polymerization within the target resin at the polyester polymerization stage. Although such compounds may be introduced at later stages of polyester production, these compounds are not disclosed as liquids, only as solid colorants. Thus, in addition to the prior art discussed above, nothing has been disclosed providing liquid solutions or dispersions of such combinations with UV absorbers to provide an easy-to-incorporate and/or -handle formulation of such type for the polyester manufacturer. To date, nothing has been taught nor fairly suggested providing a single compound for bluing purposes within polyesters that provides effective yellowness neutralization as a heavy metal-free liquid additive, and exhibits a narrow half-height bandwidth in order to provide a finished clear polyester with very high brightness and hue angle levels. | 2024-01-31T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/6384 |
Pöstlingberg
The Pöstlingberg () is a high hill on the left bank of the Danube in the city of Linz, Austria. It is a popular tourist destination, with a viewing platform over the city, and is the site of the Pöstlingberg pilgrimage church, and the Linz Grottenbahn.
The Pöstlingberg is reached from the city centre by line 50 of the Linz tramway, running over the Pöstlingbergbahn mountain tramway.
Bibliography
Erich Hillbrand, Friederike Grill-Hillbrand: Pöstlingberg. Streiflichter auf Erscheinungsbild und Geschichte des Linzer Hausbergs. Universitätsverlag Rudolf Trauner, Linz 1996,
Christian Hager: Auf den Pöstlingberg! Geschichte und Geschichten vom Wahrzeichen der Landeshauptstadt Linz. Verlag Denkmayr, Linz 1997,
External links
Category:Linz
Category:Hills of Austria
Category:Tourist attractions in Linz
Category:Landforms of Upper Austria | 2023-10-22T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/2857 |
Rate this poetry Sending User Review 4.27 ( 11 votes)
An Apology
written by: Rakind Kaur
@khwabgah
I apologize:
to the children that can't breathe
the people who can't eat
farmer who can't harvest seeds
birds that no longer have a home
to trees that burn
Islands that drown
humans that suffer tyranny
to the fishes that can't swim
animals that can't speak
rain that's no more pure
forests that are mere shadows
land that weeps
and mothers that grieve.
I apologize to you most of all
for not having inspired you at all
to get up and change the world,
and ease the suffering of this earth.
NOTE FROM THE AUTHOR:
My father apologized to me and my sister when we were kids for not being able to stop the destruction happening during his time on behalf of his entire generation. And I find myself doing the same because when the world refuses to take responsibility for the world we've created, those of us who care have to. | 2024-05-21T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/2246 |
Rubber Ball for Siberian Husky / Dog Training Toy - Big
Dog Training Toy for Siberian Husky
It is so pleasant to play with your doggie in the water. But for this purpose you should have special equipment which won’t sink and may be easily find.
On this page we’d like to offer you Bright Rubber Ball for playing with your dog both in water and on land. The toy is made of special rubber that is absolutely safe for pet’s health. It is brightly colored for you to find it easily in the water/grass.
Click on the pictures to see bigger image
Siberian Husky rubber ball with nylon string
Solid rubber ball/training toy for Siberian Husky
Key features of this Siberian Husky Toy:
Solid rubber body
Non-toxic materials
Water floating
Bright nylon string
Brightly colored ball
Intended use of this Siberian Husky Toy:
Retrieve training
Schutzhund training
Basic and most advanced training
Having fun
Sizes available:
2 3/4 inch (7 cm) in diameter
length of the string - 24 inch (60 cm)
Available colors:
colors may vary
Solid body of the ball won’t let your Husky bite it through. Special dots over the whole ball are meant to massage dog’s gums and to make it more comfortable to hold wet ball in your hand. There is one more “helper”, brightly colored nylon string handle. With this Ball you will combine joyful game and development of your dog’s retrieve and bite skills.
Note! The item is meant to train your dog. It is not recommended to use the ball as chewing toy because in this case we can’t give any guarantees of long service life of the item. | 2024-06-29T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/1876 |
2) Ben was locked into Mike Wallace on the last 2 throws and didnt see Heath Miller open on both throws in the excact same spot. Wide open and would have been first downs and out of bounds to stop the clock.
2) Ben was locked into Mike Wallace on the last 2 throws and didnt see Heath Miller open on both throws in the excact same spot. Wide open and would have been first downs and out of bounds to stop the clock.
3)Horrible use of our 2nd timeout on defense.
That last drive was the worst drive of the whole season. Such a shame it came down that.
They could have at least moved the ball and make the game more interesting to the very end. But Ben was a lost cause by then.
Crash
02-07-2011, 12:35 PM
Yeah he was a lost cause. I guess that 15 yarder to Miller didn't happen right?
The mistake he made on that drive was not waiting for Moore to release on 3rd down.
steelerkeylargo
02-07-2011, 12:40 PM
Yeah he was a lost cause. I guess that 15 yarder to Miller didn't happen right?
The mistake he made on that drive was not waiting for Moore to release on 3rd down.
You cant put together a game winning drive with one 15 yarder. Go back and watch it. Ben is LOCKED in on Wallace on two plays down the seams heavily covered. Miller is wide open on two routes for first downs where he can easily walk out of bounds to stop the clock.
BradshawsHairdresser
02-07-2011, 09:38 PM
Yeah he was a lost cause. I guess that 15 yarder to Miller didn't happen right?
The mistake he made on that drive was not waiting for Moore to release on 3rd down.
You cant put together a game winning drive with one 15 yarder. Go back and watch it. Ben is LOCKED in on Wallace on two plays down the seams heavily covered. Miller is wide open on two routes for first downs where he can easily walk out of bounds to stop the clock.
Yep.
On that last drive, Ben played like he was rattled. In an interview after the game, he indicated he didn't know he had a timeout left.
JTP53609
02-07-2011, 09:48 PM
i may be the minority, but that last drive upset me as much as any turnover or play of the defense...if Ben did not know we had a timeout left than that is bad on his part and the coaches for not letting him know.
A 2 minute offense should be executed nicely in the preseason let alone in the super bowl. I could not believe the confusion, lack of intensity and overall performance, I thought for sure we would at least do what we did with the Jets in the regular season and make it to at least into the redzone.
I love ever Steeler player as much today as I did yesterday ( I say player not person, because I dont know them personally)
DHSF
02-07-2011, 09:51 PM
I think that Wallace told Ben he wanted to be "the man" just like 'tone was in last drive in Superbowl XLIII. I saw Ben talking to him after he overthrew him on 3rd down. I bet he told him it is coming to you.
ter1230_4
02-07-2011, 09:53 PM
It was bad enough that the Steelers had to burn two second half timeouts because they weren't ready and/or confused, Tomlin compounded the problem by not using the final timeout when the Packers 3rd and goal play failed. There was 2:50 on the clock, but instead of using the TO the Steelers let the Packers bleed another 40 seconds off the clock (or nearly 25% of the remaining time at that point). In a hurry up offense a team should be able tp get at least two plays off in 40 seconds, which is better than a timeout in my opinion. I would much rather have started the final drive with 2:37 left and no timeouts remaining. Tomlin does a lot of things well, but clock management is just not one of them.
NorthCoast
02-07-2011, 09:57 PM
I just wonder if we will hear that Ben was partially concussed after the blow earlier in the game. It took him a while to come to his senses after the hit and I wonder if he just was not feeling right the rest of the game. Of course, he and maybe the team would never admit it, since it was the last game of the season, you play through the injury.
Mel Blount's G
02-07-2011, 09:58 PM
Strange. He seemed to be rattled, nervous, on edge...whatever....right from the opening drive, with it's multiple bad throws, right through to that last drive, that left most of us Steeler fans stunned by the uncharacteristic fizzle-out look of our offense in tat situation He just never did seem to get into his Ben-zone as he usually does. Someone on here suggested he played with a concussion. I can't vouch for that but his spastic play surely appeared to some to be a result of a degree of brain trauma. Even Ben being locked into one guy and missing an open Heath is uncharacteristic.
I'll also add that I felt Capers should be credited with putting together a good anti-Ben-magic game plan and his players did a good job executing their assignments imo
Steelers>NFL
02-08-2011, 08:44 AM
Strange. He seemed to be rattled, nervous, on edge...whatever....right from the opening drive, with it's multiple bad throws, right through to that last drive, that left most of us Steeler fans stunned by the uncharacteristic fizzle-out look of our offense in tat situation He just never did seem to get into his Ben-zone as he usually does. Someone on here suggested he played with a concussion. I can't vouch for that but his spastic play surely appeared to some to be a result of a degree of brain trauma. Even Ben being locked into one guy and missing an open Heath is uncharacteristic.
I'll also add that I felt Capers should be credited with putting together a good anti-Ben-magic game plan and his players did a good job executing their assignments imo
Ben for the most part does not do well in the biggest stage of all - the SB.
Out of three SBs, he played badly for 2-1/2 games.
But at the same time, they made the SBs with the help of Ben's play in the reg. season and the playoffs. So we'll have to live with what we have. I was hoping this SB was to be his "breakout game" in the SB. But was not the case. With the way the whole season started last offseason to now, maybe it was fitting to him to play badly in the last game.
Here's hope he has a nice offseason, and start fresh.
We all know God-dell was praying that he does not have to hand the Lombardi trophy to the Steelers. | 2024-04-16T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/7892 |
"Subtitle by Reza Khaerul Muslim Akbar" "Hey, you there, where do you think you're looking?" "!" "Huh?" "Who the hell are you?" "You dare to ignore us?" "What's wrong, say something!" "Something's off with that guy..." "Take a long hard look at that!" "What do you think that is?" "Answer me!" "That is an offering to a kid who died here not too long ago..." "Correct!" "And why was the vase not standing?" "We must have knocked it down accidentally." "Got that right again." "Well, apologize to him then." "Him?" "Uhmm..." "I said, apologize!" "We're really sorry!" "Forgive us!" "Thank you." "It's okay now." "Did I scare you?" "The flowers your parents gave you are all ruin." "You know?" "I know they love you very much." "That's why you couldn't bear to leave, right?" "Yeah." "But if you you keep staying here..." "People will come and bring me to hell?" "It's not that..." "Your parents will be worried about you." "I see." "That's why you should go to Soul Society." "I understand now." "I'll just go see my mama and papa one last time before I leave." "Good morning!" "Ichigo..." "Irritating!" "Not again..." "My son, you're getting better..." "But how could you throw me to the ground?" "That is outrageous!" "How are you going to bond with me if you do that!" "One more time." "Here I come!" "Stop going to far, okay?" "Here, brother." "Thanks, Yuzu." "Dad, if you don't eat you meal quick, you're going to be late." "Dad is going out?" "He is joining the Resident Clinic Committee." "I know you guys are worried about me." "I'll buy you all something when I return." "Ichigo, I'll leave you to take care of your sisters." "My wife, I'll be home soon!" "It's about time you take down that portrait..." "Okay, that's about it." "I'm off." "Be careful." "Brother, who would you like to eat for dinner?" "Since dad isn't around, I make something that you like." "Anything will do." "Ichigo, it's hard to come by, why don't you pick something?" "Okay." "How about curry?" "Isn't that the usual?" "I've have curry too." "You know I can make something more sumptuous." "That's true, but your curry is really good, I really like it." "Where is he?" "Ichigo." "Rukia, Renji?" "When did you guys come over?" "A while back." "What is this?" "Why didn't you call me?" "Sorry, it's an impromptu mission." "More importantly, what are you doing here?" "Well..." "I was thinking adding a fresh stock of flower for the spirit." "But it seems like he has crossed over." "What?" "Isn't it your job to help the wandering spirits cross over?" "How can you lose them?" "What if they turn into Hollow?" "It's all your fault then!" "Huh, my job?" "That's the Shinigami's job." "I'm just a Shinigami Proxy." "What did you say?" "!" "Are you looking for a fight?" "Stop this instant, you bunch of idiots." "I can't stand this, you guys are always like this..." "We didn't come to Karakura Town for fun." "I know." "Mission comes first, right?" "Mission?" "What mission?" "We do not need you on this task." "But, if it is really something to do with..." "Didn't I say we'll do just fine?" "[ TL Note: "Nii-sama" here refers to Kuchiki Byakuya. ]" "Nii-sama keep telling me to keep you out of this, so that you don't get too carried away." "Byakuya, that asshole..." "So, that's about it then." "If we find that wandering spirit, we'll send him to Soul Society." "You just go back to your studies." "Yeah, sure thing." "Morning." "You're early today." "Kurosaki-kun!" "Good morning!" "Yeah, morning." "You didn't come with Tatsuki today?" "Tatsuki-chan went for her morning exercise." "My... that was scary just now." "Fortunately, nobody's got hurt." "Are you really okay?" "Sado is amazing." "What is this body made of?" "Ichigo, are you listening to me?" "!" "Sorry, I wasn't paying attention." "It's okay, nothing he ever says was important." "Stop, that's more applicable to you!" "It's up for me to decide if it's important?" "Yeah, yeah..." "So what are you getting at?" "There isn't any unusual Reiatsu..." "But it's too fishy the way it collapse." "Maybe it's just an accident." "I'm not too sure about that..." "You sensed something?" "It's just a trace, but it's there." "It's something we have never encountered before." "How so?" "I'm not sure..." "It's not a Hollow." "Or a human like Sado or Inoue-san, with special abilities." "And it's definitely not a Shinigami." "Anyway, we know that something did happened." "What's this..." "That Reiatsu..." "It's in the direction of Ichigo's school." "Why Ichigo..." "Wait!" "There's another one." "Yes." "Renji, you go to the school," "I'll check over there." "Understood." "Be careful." "Yes." "Tatsuki, hang in there, Tatsuki!" "Are you okay?" "Tatsuki-chan!" "Hang in there." "Kurosaki Ichigo." "You know my name..." "This guy..." "Inoue, take care of everybody." "This fella..." "Kurosaki's Getsuga didn't even scratch him." "If that's the case..." "Bankai!" "Tensa Zangetsu." "You're not getting away!" "He has a partner?" "You people are too slow." "What are they?" "This Reiatsu's from before..." "Let's go." "Thank you for the treat." "My arrows..." "Take it back." "Ishida!" "El Directo!" "Damn, what's with their Reiatsu?" "This is such a disappointment." "What, you still want to fight?" "[ Roar, Snake Tail!" "]" "Hoero, Zabimaru!" "Renji!" "You all right?" "Ichigo?" "Yeah, I'm still okay." "The Shinigami is here." "That's going to be a problem." "Those guys..." "You know them?" "Yeah, seems like it's getting out of hand..." "You might not have notice it because of their presence, but just now, a similar Reiatsu appear elsewhere." "What?" "It's located at Kurosaki Clinic, your home." "Though Rukia has already gone there," "I doubt..." "Yuzu and Karin is in danger!" "Ichigo, we'll take over from here!" "Okay." "Where do you think you're going?" "[ Roar, Snake Tail!" "]" "Hoero, Zabimaru!" "Damn it, he got away!" "Meet your doom!" "What are you doing?" "Quickly put your mask on!" "This is bad!" "What's going on?" "That's... the Hell's Gate?" "Stop, stop this!" "Save me!" "What the hell happened?" "Retreat!" "Stop!" "Release the two children!" "You're in no position to tell us what to do." "Gunjo, it's time to finish her." "Roger that, Shuren-sama." "We have no time to play with you here." "[ Blue Fire, Crash Down ]" "Hado 33, Sokatsui" "Ichigo..." "Yuzu!" "Karin!" "What are you doing with Yuzu and Karin?" "!" "Looks like Taikon and his company failed." "Who cares, it's going to end the same anyway." "Kurosaki Ichigo, come with us." "What?" "We have an assignment for you." "Don't be ridiculous." "Give back Yuzu and Karin!" "That can't be done." "I'll just have to get them back by force!" "Gunjo, you go back first." "What?" "!" "Ichigo!" "Pretty impressive, Kurosaki Ichigo." "That's the kind of man we are after." "I got him, and yet he's..." "Yuzu!" "Karin!" "Stop!" "You're not going anywhere." "Yuzu!" "Karin!" "Karin!" "Who are you?" "!" "It doesn't matter to you." "You are..." "Despicable for sneak attacking." "I'm tired of seeing you guys doing whatever you pleased." "Idiot!" "Give her back!" "He's fast." "Ignore him." "Fall back!" "Yes." "Wait!" "Ichigo!" "Look after her." "Yuzu!" "Oh no..." "What?" "Those chains... are they..." "You still want to fight?" "Damn you..." "Return Yuzu back!" "What?" "Karin!" "Rukia!" "Sado!" "Sado!" "Sado-kun!" "Damn it!" "Kurosaki Ichigo." "We are Sinners from hell." "If you want to save you sister, then help us out." "Asshole, show yourself!" "We have only one wish:" "To be released from hell." "And we need your strength for this." "I see you!" "Destroy the Hell's Gate, Kurosaki Ichigo." "If you do that, I'll return you your sister." "Hey you, you know anything about them?" "!" "Who's that guy in the black cloak?" "Where did they take Yuzu?" "Chill, chill... slow down with your questions." "Answer me now!" "Cool down, Ichigo." "Rukia..." "Calm down." "We have to attend to the injured." "Who exactly are you?" "That chain..." "Is it the hell's chain?" "What did you say?" "Yes, you're right." "My name is Kokuto." "As you can see, I'm a Sinner." "So you and those in the black cloaks came from the same place?" "That's right." "Why do you help us then, given that you're a Sinner?" "Help you?" "That's not exactly correct." "I'm not helping you." "I just dislike them." "None of that is important." "If you're a Sinner, you definitely know how to get into Hell." "If that's the case, take me there." "Or Yuzu might die, right?" "The air in Hell is like toxic gas to humans." "If you don't quickly get your sister out, she will die." "You Shinigami should have heard about how the Hell is like, right?" "Hell is a place for... those who can't get into Soul Society." "It is a place to keep the souls of those who had committed heinous crimes when they were alive." "For those that were exiled to hell, they were all chained up like sinners, tortured for all eternity to atone for their sins." "Simply put, Hell is a place no ordinary person can stand." "Do you still want to go, knowing all these?" "Of course!" "I can't abandon Yuzu there!" "Okay, if you're that resolute, no harm bringing you there." "I'm doing this just to teach those idiots a lesson." "With you around, I'm even more powerful." "Why weren't you on the same side as them?" "Didn't I told you?" "I dislike them." "You become enemy if you dislike each other." "That's what Hell is like." "Since you're condemn in Hell, you must have committed heinous crimes too, right?" "Indeed." "I deserve to be in Hell for everything I've done." "But there are also those who would betray their hearts to the darkness for the ones they loved." "Alright, let's get going to Hell." "Yeah." "Wait." "Are you really going to trust this dubious fella?" "I don't care if he is dubious or not, I've to get Yuzu back." "For that, I need his help." "Even if he's telling the truth, once you entered, isn't it playing into the hands of those fellas?" "I know that, but I still have to go." "Then we're going too." "Rukia..." "Hurry up and get ready." "I'm opening the gate to Hell." "Renji, when the time comes, you know what to do, right?" "Yeah." "If I have to, I will use "that" to bring all of us back here." "I'll entrust it to you." "No big deal." "Shuren-sama, it seems like they've entered Hell." "Is that so?" "Is Murakumo back?" "No." "He's taken by the Hell's Will." "He's sinked to the dept of Hell." "To revive him, we need a tremendous amount of time." "He's always so rash..." "Go then, take Taikon and Garogai with you." "Yes." "Come, Kurosaki Ichigo." "With your strength, we will be free again." "Welcome to Hell." "This is the entrance to Hell." "This is far from what I had imagined." "Is this your first time here too?" "Isn't Hell under the Shinigami's jurisdiction?" "No, it's under our surveillance." "We're forbidden to intervene in anything that is related to Hell." "But it feels really nauseating in here." "In such an environment, anyone with a low Reiatsu would have fainted already." "Yuzu, I'm coming." "Kokuto!" "Their base is at the lowest level of hell." "Let's get running." "Yuzu..." "Who are they?" "Humans?" "They're Sinners too." "They give up fighting." "Give up fighting?" "Yeah." "Why do you think the Sinners in Hell still have thier powers?" "So that we can rebel against the Hell Guards." "To let us know how insignificant we really are." "No matter how the Sinners trained, we are no match for the Guards." "Those guys have gone though a lot, now they're just hoping to die." "Pretty mush all useless and brain dead." "But even so, we resist." "Our source of energy is our resentments and memories." "That is what reminded us and kept us the way we are." "Seems like they've discovered you." "What's that?" "He's the Hell Guard, the Hell's Will." "He is the one..." "He catches the Sinners, inflict pain on them, and eat them up completely." "Wouldn't that kill you?" "No, it won't, you'd be revived." "There many Sinners here who been eaten and revived repeatedly, until his heart is dead." "Be careful, it applies to you too." "Once you're killed, you'd be chained." "And you will be locked up in here forever." "Just how many are there?" "I'm going to dash in." "[ Roar, Snake Tail!" "]" "Hoero, Zabimaru!" "[ Dance, Sleeved White Snow!" "]" "Mai, Sode no Shirayuki!" "[ Rain of Light!" "]" "Rihito Rinto!" "I'm next." "Bankai!" "[ Moon Fang... ]" "Getsuga..." "[ Heaven-Piercer!" "]" "Tensho!" "Idiot, if you want to hollowfied, at least tell us in advanced." "What were you thinking, you almost caught us in it." "Sorry..." "What's wrong?" "I didn't do anything." "The mask activates itself." "What did you say?" "That just now is the Hollow power?" "Yeah." "The Hell's miasma must be affecting you." "The air here may bring out your dormant power." "If you aren't careful, your power may even run amok." "Let's go." "What's with you, Ishida?" "I've seen the out of control Kurosaki." "If this place is like what he just said... then Hell is a much more dangerous place for Kurosaki." "It's a dead end." "That's fine, jump down!" "What's with this place?" "Is this a grave?" "Where's Yuzu?" "There's no one here." "It's you guys." "Return Yuzu to me." "You can have her..." "But you'll have to help us first." "Stop kidding yourself!" "I can finally take off this uncomfortable cloak!" "I'm Taikon." "Nice to meet you." "My name is Gunjo." "Me, Garogai..." "Freedom." "This is a precarious environment." "Those who are uninvited, please leave." "Give back Yuzu." "Too slow!" "[ Roar, Snake Tail!" "]" "Hoero, Zabimaru!" "Thanks for the treat." "[ Blue Fire, Crash Down ]" "Eat this." "Hado 33, Sokatsui" "Be careful." "They're much more powerful here than in the Human World, without the cloaks." "And why's that?" "Pull back." "[ Next Dance, White Ripple!" "]" "Tsugi no mai, Hakuren!" "Ichigo!" "[ Moon Fang Heaven-Piercer!" "]" "Getsuga Tensho!" "Your sister is further away." "What?" "Leave this to us, you go on right ahead." "Why not just say he is always in the way." "Say what?" "It's decided, we'll leave them here, let's go." "Alright." "Let's go, Rukia, Kokuto." "We won't let you escape." "He shouldn't be able to catch up to them now." "Hmm?" "You want to fight me?" "You must be tired of living." "I wouldn't be so sure..." "I'm betting my Quincy reputation that I won't lose twice to the same opponent." "Bankai!" "Let's finish our fight in the Human World here once and for all." "Is this it?" "Once we pass through this, we'll be at their base." "Yuzu is there?" "Go now, while they're still fighting with your friends." "Right now their defense is weak, the perfect timing for our attack." "Look out!" "Oh no." "How are you, Kokuto?" "I'm okay." "And how about you, using your mask again?" "I think I'm getting used to it." "Wait here, I'll..." "Leave me here!" "In Hell, pain like this is nothing unusual." "Don't care about me." "Just think about how you're going to save your sister." "Why are you helping my sister." "Before we came here, you said something about... betraying your heart to the darkness for the person you loved." "That person, could it be..." "Yes." "I had a sister once." "But she died for me, her useless brother." "So for her, I can throw everything away." "Ichigo, you must save your sister." "Don't let her suffer like my sister did." "It's not very convincing coming from me right, a heartless Sinner who's banished to Hell?" "Kokuto..." "Hurry Ichigo." "If you don't hurry, you'll be letting your friends down." "This is not going to work." "Not yet, not yet!" "[ Baboon Bone Cannon!" "]" "Hikotsu Taiho!" "Damn!" "I'm not going to let you off." "Is it the yellow colored water?" "Since it's so effective, we'll have one more round!" "Next, you!" "It ends here." "It ends for you!" "[ Bite of a Broken Baboon's Fang!" "]" "Higa Zekko!" "Don't ever underestimate my Zabimaru." "It's useless, useless!" "Very tasty." "Thank you." "It taste kind of funny." "But I don't mind at all." "Stop these needless struggling, just let me kill you." "Save this advice to yourself." "I told you it's useless." "I'm not finished yet." "You better stop when you have the chance." "That must be your "killer shot", right?" "I never imagine you could be so stupid." "Try saying it again after you take this." "This is the final attack." "I've said umpteen times it's useless." "What's this?" "[Gate Cutter]" "Geto Schneider" "Using high density Reishi to surround your opponent." "It creates a barrier just like the Sprenger." "But, I should have absorbed all your Reishi." "Why is this here?" "It's taken from you." "Through the wounds that Schneider cuts," "The barrier took the Reshi it needed from you." "You're not the only person who specializes in turning your opponent's Reishi in your own weapon." "Quincy is so much better at it." "Taikon..." "I got you!" "Seems like both Taikon and Garogai were defeated." "Though that wasn't part of the plan, it is still well within our calculations." "Die now." "What a beautiful sound." "Okay..." "Check the time..." "On with the next..." "[ Third Dance, White Sword. ]" "San no mai, Shirafune." "Kuchiki-san!" "I'm okay." "You are better than I thought." "I originally plan to drag you down if I'm defeated." "But forget it." "It is inevitable that we die here." "What?" "What's do you mean?" "That, I cannot tell you." "What is he?" "Are you okay?" "Sorry about that." "Be careful." "Right." "What are these sands." "I can sense some Reiatsu from them." "They are no ordinary sands." "Those sand came from Sinners' bones." "What?" "After being continually bombarded by Hell's Will, the Sinners lose heart." "Eventually, their body rot away on the ground." "And the Hell Fire burn away the bones." "This desert is the lying ground of the Sinners." "No matter where you are, there's no such thing as freedom." "No freedom?" "Didn't you guys come to Karakura Town?" "The Hell's Will extends there too." "Save me!" "In the end, we still can't escape it..." "We don't know how long we are going to endure this suffering..." "In the end, everybody's broken." "Ichigo, after you've saved your sister, can you do me a favor?" "What is it?" "Release me from Hell." "I want to be reborn." "I want to see my sister again." "I want to apologize to her." "Alright, if it is within my ability." "Sorry about that." "Ichigo, let's hurry." "It's just beyond that hill." "Yuzu..." "Yuzu!" "Thank you for coming, Kurosaki Ichigo." "Give Yuzu back." "My name is Shuren." "You know..." "If you want to save your sister, you'll have to listen to me." "Are you going to fight the two of us singlehandedly?" "Not singlehandedly." "Sinners don't die in Hell." "Kokuto, you should know that." "You did not..." "Taikon, Gunjo, Garogai." "They fight to separate you with your friends." "They die so that they can return here." "Impossible!" "You can't be revived that fast..." "What you know may not always be how it is." "Kokuto!" "Go save you sister!" "Leave me to it!" "Sinner making friends with a human?" "Kokuto!" "I'd be you opponent." "It's about time you submit to me!" "Shut up!" "What?" "Yuzu!" "You can't win now!" "Shut up, it's the same for you!" "He's not..." "What..." "It's over!" "Kokuto!" "Damn it!" "Where are you looking at, your opponent is over here." "I don't have the time to keep playing with you!" "[ Moon Fang Heaven-Piercer!" "]" "Getsuga Tensho!" "That's wonderful, that's the power..." "That's the power I need to destroy the Hell's Gate." "Shut the hell up!" "Good call." "You are still rational enough to realize what it might lead to, had you attacked." "I won't kill you." "Splendid!" "Come... destroy the gate!" "Yuzu, I'm coming now." "How are you, Ichigo?" "Quiet, it's just a small cut." "Why..." "Why what?" "I did this for the same reason they did." "Didn't I say that in here, you'd be revived after you die." "What a nuisance, why won't you remain dead for a couple of minutes." "You betrayed us?" "Who?" "Everything is according to plan." "All of you are just helping me." "Come on, hollowfied and help me." "Didn't you promise me?" "What about those things about your sister?" "Those are real." "My sister was kill." "And I literally beat the life out of the murderer." "Shut the hell up!" "I was feeling great for a second." "My sister is not going to come back to life." "No matter how much I think about her." "So I want everyone to have a taste of my pain." "Why am I banished to Hell?" "Why?" "!" "I tried to escape many times." "Each time, the Hell's Will pulverizes me and send me back to Hell." "Then I saw it there..." "This memory in the rubbish dump." "That's right, it's you fully hollowfied." "So I spread this information to those guys in Hell." "I have to get out of here at all cost." "I don't care even if the Human World gets engulfed into Hell." "Ichigo!" "How are you?" "You're indeed one of" "No..." "You can't cut the chain with that..." "Ishida!" "Rukia!" "Rukia!" "What?" "That's the way to go, release all your hatred." "Let out all your anger and cut this chain." "That's not enough." "If you don't transform into the monster, you'll never beat me." "Look up here!" "Your sister can no longer withstand the Hell's miasma." "Look, the chain is growing out of her." "Yes, let your anger out." "This is Hell, you don't have to hold back." "Let the darkness take over!" "Ichigo..." "Welcome to Hell." "That's it!" "Use that power to break the chain!" "Free me!" "Shuren thought that they would be free from Hell once the gate is destroyed." "But he is wrong." "The chain is what's restraining the Sinners." "Come on, just a little bit more." "Cut off all the chains that been binding me." "Alright, this is the last chain." "Don't let him provoke you!" "Ichigo, return to the Human World!" "What?" "Serve you right." "No!" "Our Kido team has prevented the miasma escaping from the Hell's Gate from spreading further." "How's Karakura Town?" "There isn't any abnormalities at the moment." "Okay." "Continue with the repairs." "You'd be in charge." "Yes sir." "I've a report, sir!" "Shinigami Proxy, Kurosaki Ichigo has been found at the Hell's Gate." "Our men are already watching over him." "You guys... go away." "Yuzu, I've to get her out of here!" "Calm down, we have already informed the medical team." "I can't afford to wait!" "Hold him down." "Don't touch me!" "You guys!" "Yuzu..." "Yuzu can't be like this..." "Kurosaki Ichigo." "Old Master..." "Excuse me." "Kurosaki-kun!" "Inoue!" "Yuzu is..." "You have to save Yuzu." "I know." "Hang in there, Yuzu-chan!" "Yuzu!" "What is this?" "Yuzu!" "Why..." "Inoue, Inoue!" "What's wrong?" "!" "I beg you, I beg" "It's no use." "That girl's attached to the Hell's chain..." "She's one of them now." "There's nothing we can do to help her." "No, that's not true." "It all started because of you." "Yuzu!" "You made the wrong decision and charged into Hell." "That's why we are in such a bad situation." "That demon in you... broke the chains that has been invulnerable for centuries." "Which means, you're going to turn this world into Hell." "Your irresponsible action put all the Humans in danger." "Pardon me..." "Byakuya..." "Kurosaki Ichigo, why are you avoiding my eyes?" "I left Rukia, Renji, and Ishida there." "I left everyone there." "And Yuzu..." "I've let everyone down..." "So what?" "Byakuya?" "Rukia, your sister, is in Hell!" "They did everything to get me out..." "Rukia is a honorable Shinigami, she knows what she is doing." "If they decided that you should be the one to escape..." "You better start thinking about their intentions." "Sorry to intrude..." "Yuzu?" "!" "Yuzu!" "Yuzu!" "Yuzu, hey Yuzu!" "Something happen?" "Come in." "Yes." "If they decided that you should be the one to escape..." "You better start thinking about their intentions." "Inoue, how's Yuzu?" "She's better now." "Thank you." "No, everyone helped." "Sado, how's Sado doing?" "He's still unconscious, but he will do just fine." "I see." "Thank you, really." "You must be tired, you want something to drink?" "Kurosaki-kun?" "Are you going there again?" "Yuzu was taken by Hell, but she is alive again." "There's still hope for Rukia, and everyone." "But, you'll..." "I know." "If I lose control the second time, the world might really come to an end... just as the Old Master said." "But this time, I won't lose control." "That guy is strong..." "None of us can beat him." "I'm not sure I can beat him not hollowfied." "But I must win this battle." "Or I will never be able to face my friends who entrusted their lives to me." "You must... come back." "It won't be long." "I've a report." "The Shinigami Proxy has broken out of the barrier." "He's coming here this very moment." "Ichigo?" "That asshole..." "Ukitake?" "Repairing the Hell's Gate is our top priority right now." "I understand." "I'll handle Kurosaki" "What do you think you're doing, Kurosaki?" "Looking for revenge?" "If that's the case, all the more reason we should stop you." "If you lose control again, this time..." "Bankai!" "I'm going back to save my friends." "Kurosaki!" "What's going on this time?" "Everyone, on the defense." "Don't let the Hell's Will into the Human World." "Ichigo!" "Let him go." "We have no time for him right now." "He came?" "Ichigo, I was just about to pay you a visit you." "Wasn't expecting you to come here." "Are you here to revenge your sister?" "Yuzu is safe." "That was a surprise." "Why are you here then?" "I came for my friends." "You friends?" "You don't seem to know this place." "They've all been bounded to the Hell's chain." "Look." "Ishida!" "Renji!" "The guys are not yet taken." "But no rush, the petite Shinigami woman is ready." "Rukia!" "Ichigo, why are" "The rule is simple in Hell." "Those that are bounded to the chains can be revived countlessly." "If you don't break the chain, you'll never be able to get out of this place." "I'll break the chains then." "How dependable..." "You'll break my chains too, right?" "That won't do." "I want to defeat you." "What an idiot." "You think you can defeat me without the mask?" "You're too naive." "No matter how resolute you are, you can never beat me like this." "[ Moon Fang Heaven-Piercer!" "]" "Getsuga Tensho!" "That's right..." "Ichigo..." "What's the matter?" "What are you afraid of?" "The other you that will destroy the world?" "Then don't ever come here again." "You sister is saved because you turn into that monster, right?" "Without that, you can do nothing." "Didn't I say..." "In a world that is void of hopes, resentments and memories are what kept a person sane." "Revenge is what drives me." "What's wrong now?" "Hate me more!" "That will make you even more powerful." "Do you want me to get your sisters here again?" "Yes, that how I want it." "Once the body is broken, it's easy for a relapse." "Since you can't escape from the monster, you might as well relent." "Ichigo..." "Ichigo!" "Keep quiet, the show is just about to begin." "Hear that, Ichigo?" "The Hell's Will has detected the change in your Reiatsu." "They'll be here in no time to devour the person who might destroy Hell." "Hurry up and complete your transformation, Ichigo!" "Or you'd be eaten by them" "But fret not, you'd be revived again!" "If you don't destroy Hell, you'll just have to keep reliving this!" "So what is it going to be?" "Who would... want to be a monster." "Who would want to be a monster." "Because you can't get what you want..." "You wanted revenge?" "You're just making other people as miserable as you." "Revenge is just the path you took to escape your sufferings." "I wanted to save my friends..." "But I won't sacrifice innocent bystanders to do it." "Ichigo, run." "Ichigo!" "I've swore on my life that..." "I will fight!" "Ichigo!" "Ichigo!" "That's great." "Kill them all!" "What is this?" "What is going on?" "What did you do?" "Kokuto, did your sister want you to avenge her?" "What are you getting at?" "Do you think she wish to see you in your endless killing spree?" "There would be no end to revenge." "You would just make your sister miserable forever." "My friends do not want me to avenge them, they want me to stop you." "You see this..." "Hell agrees with me." "Hell would rather help an outsider like me, than to let you escape." "Hell helping a human..." "No, how's that even possible!" "My predicament was just like yours!" "Yes..." "We are both human..." "And we are both elder brothers." "Chains?" "I'm free." "I'm finally free." "Why's this?" "!" "Stop this!" "I..." "This is your retribution for deceiving Hell." "Kokuto, atone for you sins in Hell!" "I did it..." "I did it..." "Yeah!" "Ichigo" "Good work." "Now it's just finding Ishida and Renji." "Oh yeah, I just broke their chains." "Where are they?" "Over here." "I'm aching all over." "Me too, I'm stiff as a rock." "You guys were bounded to the chains too." "Deal with it!" "Bounded to the chains?" "What chains?" "Seems like it's all over." "What happen to that guy?" "He was dragged into the dept of Hell." "The important thing is we" "What is that?" "!" "This?" "I'm not sure." "I think it's some power they lend me." "Strange right?" "It's more than just strange." "We're taking about controlling the Hell's power." "You're hopeless." "That's why people are always taking advantage of you." "Quick, change back to your normal form." "Okay, I'll deactivate it right away." "Wait, Ichigo." "Once you deactivate it, they will start attacking us again..." "See?" "Yuzu?" "Karin-chan, morning" "What's going on?" "I'm so glad!" "What's this..." "I'm back." "I bought lots of things home." "No one's home?" "thanks for downloading" | 2023-10-22T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/6054 |
/*ckwg +29
* Copyright 2018-2019 by Kitware, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* * Neither name of Kitware, Inc. nor the names of any contributors may be used
* to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
* prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
* SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
* CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef VITAL_RANGE_DEFS_H
#define VITAL_RANGE_DEFS_H
#include <iterator>
#include <tuple>
namespace kwiver {
namespace vital {
namespace range {
/**
* \file
* \brief core types and macros for implementing range utilities.
*/
/// \cond Internal
#define KWIVER_UNPACK_TOKENS( ... ) __VA_ARGS__
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define KWIVER_MUTABLE_RANGE_ADAPTER( name ) \
struct name##_view_adapter_t \
{ \
template < typename Range > \
static name##_view< Range > \
adapt( Range&& range ) \
{ return { std::forward< Range >( range ) }; } \
}; \
\
inline constexpr \
range_adapter_t< name##_view_adapter_t > \
name() { return {}; }
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define KWIVER_RANGE_ADAPTER_TEMPLATE( name, args, arg_names ) \
template < KWIVER_UNPACK_TOKENS args > \
struct name##_view_adapter_t \
{ \
template < typename Range > \
static name##_view< KWIVER_UNPACK_TOKENS arg_names, Range > \
adapt( Range&& range ) \
{ return { std::forward< Range >( range ) }; } \
}; \
\
template < KWIVER_UNPACK_TOKENS args > inline constexpr \
range_adapter_t< name##_view_adapter_t< KWIVER_UNPACK_TOKENS arg_names > > \
name() { return {}; }
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define KWIVER_RANGE_ADAPTER_FUNCTION( name ) \
template < typename Functor > \
struct name##_view_adapter_t \
{ \
template < typename Range > \
name##_view< Functor, Range > \
adapt( Range&& range ) const \
{ return { std::forward< Range >( range ), m_func }; } \
\
Functor m_func; \
}; \
\
template < typename... Args > \
constexpr name##_view_adapter_t< Args... > \
name( Args... args ) \
{ return { args... }; } \
\
template < typename Range, typename... Args > \
auto \
operator|( \
Range&& range, \
name##_view_adapter_t< Args... > const& adapter ) \
-> decltype( adapter.adapt( std::forward< Range >( range ) ) ) \
{ \
return adapter.adapt( std::forward< Range >( range ) ); \
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct generic_view {};
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
template < typename GenericAdapter >
struct range_adapter_t {};
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
template < typename Functor >
struct function_detail : function_detail< decltype( &Functor::operator() ) >
{};
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
template < typename ReturnType, typename... ArgsType >
struct function_detail< ReturnType (&)( ArgsType... ) >
{
using arg_type_t = std::tuple< ArgsType... >;
using return_type_t = ReturnType;
};
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
template < typename ReturnType, typename... ArgsType >
struct function_detail< ReturnType (*)( ArgsType... ) >
{
using arg_type_t = std::tuple< ArgsType... >;
using return_type_t = ReturnType;
};
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
template < typename Object, typename ReturnType, typename... ArgsType >
struct function_detail< ReturnType ( Object::* )( ArgsType... ) const >
{
using arg_type_t = std::tuple< ArgsType... >;
using return_type_t = ReturnType;
};
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
namespace range_detail {
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
using std::begin;
using std::end;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
template < typename Range >
class range_helper
{
protected:
static auto begin_helper()
-> decltype( begin( std::declval< Range >() ) );
public:
static auto begin_helper( Range& range )
-> decltype( begin( range ) )
{
return begin( range );
}
static auto end_helper( Range& range )
-> decltype( end( range ) )
{
return end( range );
}
using iterator_t = decltype( begin_helper() );
};
} // namespace range_detail
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
template < typename Range, bool = std::is_rvalue_reference< Range&& >::value >
class range_ref : range_detail::range_helper< Range >
{
protected:
using detail = range_detail::range_helper< Range >;
public:
using iterator_t = typename detail::iterator_t;
using value_ref_t = decltype( *( std::declval< iterator_t >() ) );
using value_t = typename std::remove_reference< value_ref_t >::type;
range_ref( Range& range ) : m_range( range ) {}
range_ref( range_ref const& ) = default;
range_ref( range_ref&& ) = default;
iterator_t begin() const { return detail::begin_helper( m_range ); }
iterator_t end() const { return detail::end_helper( m_range ); }
protected:
Range& m_range;
};
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
template < typename Range >
class range_ref< Range, true > : range_detail::range_helper< Range >
{
public:
using iterator_t = typename range_detail::range_helper< Range >::iterator_t;
using value_ref_t = decltype( *( std::declval< iterator_t >() ) );
using value_t = typename std::remove_reference< value_ref_t >::type;
range_ref( Range&& range ) : m_range( std::forward< Range >( range ) ) {}
range_ref( range_ref const& ) = default;
range_ref( range_ref&& ) = default;
iterator_t begin() const { return detail::begin_helper( m_range ); }
iterator_t end() const { return detail::end_helper( m_range ); }
protected:
using detail = range_detail::range_helper< Range const >;
using range_ref_t = typename std::remove_const< Range >::type;
using range_t = typename std::remove_reference< range_ref_t >::type;
range_t m_range;
};
/// \endcond
} // namespace range
} // namespace vital
} // namespace kwiver
#ifdef DOXYGEN
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Apply a range adapter to a range.
*/
template < typename Range, typename Adapter >
auto
operator|( Range, Adapter );
#else
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
template < typename Range, typename Adapter >
auto
operator|(
Range&& range,
kwiver::vital::range::range_adapter_t< Adapter > (*)() )
-> decltype( Adapter::adapt( std::forward< Range >( range ) ) )
{
return Adapter::adapt( std::forward< Range >( range ) );
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
template < typename Range, typename Adapter >
auto
operator|(
Range&& range,
kwiver::vital::range::range_adapter_t< Adapter > )
-> decltype( Adapter::adapt( std::forward< Range >( range ) ) )
{
return Adapter::adapt( std::forward< Range >( range ) );
}
#endif
#endif
| 2024-02-19T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/3641 |
In electronic input scanners for document scanning, image information is acquired by sensing light from an image at any array of photosites arranged across a path of relative movement of the array and the image. The photosites, typically photodiodes or amorphous silicon sensors, are formed on a semiconductor substrate or chip, with a number of chips butted or arranged closely together to form the array. The photosite array may provide a 1:1 correspondence of photosites to the width of the actual image (a full width array), or may rely on optics to reduce the apparent image size to correspond to a smaller array. In use, a photosite produces an output signal proportional to light intensity detected at the photosite.
As the number of photosites in the imaging bar increases to provide a full width array or greater number of photosites, the problems of manufacturability of the larger arrays begin to become prominent. In a 300-600 spot per inch (spi) full width array for scanning documents, which may include 3000-6000+ photosites, even a manufacturing process that has a 99% yield can produce bad photosites along the array. Even when the photosites are not bad, the offset and gain response may be non-uniform across the array. To allow the use of arrays not meeting the required specifications for number of pad photosites or uniformity, correction of the array output is required. Accordingly, it may be seen that correction techniques are important to the economic manufacture of the arrays. Without correction techniques, arrays not meeting specifications in these areas would be discarded.
Responsivity at the photosites is measured against a standard value. Gain is a measure of sensitivity of the photosite to light and is the slope of the curve of light intensity (x-axis) versus output voltage (y-axis). Offset indicates the voltage output of the photosite at zero light intensity, or constitutes the y-axis intercept of the light intensity curve. These values have a tendency to vary somewhat from photosite to photosite within a range of values. Uniformity is desirable to avoid a streaking response.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,698,685 to Beaverson shows an arrangement which provides a gain correction for each pixel in an array. Gain values are stored for each pixel in an electronic storage device. As data is acquired by the array and directed to an image processor, each incoming pixel value is multiplied by a selected gain correction value to produce a gain corrected output. U.S. Pat. No. 4,639,781 to Rucci et al. shows that distortions in a video signal may be corrected by applying a continuous gain adjustment to the video information generated at the pixels and dynamically changing the gain factors on a line by line basis. U.S. Pat. No. 4,660,082 to Tomohisa et al., teaches that calibration and shading correction of image data may be corrected in synchronism with input scanning by comparison to a density reference value. U.S. Pat. No. 4,216,503 to Wiggins shows deriving offset and gain values from the sensor, storing those values and subsequently using those values for signal correction. U.S. Pat. No. 4,314,281 to Wiggins et al. teaches providing a compensation signal compensating for variations in light to which the sensors are subjected and deriving the compensation signal over a group of pixels, by taking an average response from the group as the group is exposed to a test pattern. U.S. Pat. No. 4,602,291 to Temes teaches a multimode pixel correction scheme which includes correction for pixel offset and gain.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,590,520 to Frame et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,314,281 to Wiggins et al. teaches correction of bad photosites (sometimes, "bad pixels") in an array of photosites by detecting the pixel information from the photosites and substituting the previous pixel value. U.S. Pat. No. 4,701,784 to Matsuoka et al. teaches correcting the bad pixel by calculating the correlation coefficient and selecting a substitute value for the bad pixel based on the calculated value. | 2024-06-20T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/8076 |
"It's not magic that History has established a strong track record with its high-quality historical dramas from quality auspices. We're excited to build on that tremendous momentum with 'Houdini,'" Dirk Hoogstra, the network's executive vice president and general manager, said in a statement. "The Great Harry Houdini is a fascinating man in history and I have no doubt that Adrien Brody will bring the magician's riveting story to life for our audience."
"It's exciting to be working with History, Adrien and our extraordinary creative and producing partners on 'Houdini,'" said Kevin Beggs, president of Lionsgate Television Group, which is producing the miniseries. "We're also delighted to be expanding Lionsgate's overall relationship with A+E Networks."
"Since my childhood, when I dreamed of being a great magician, Harry Houdini has been one of my heroes," said Brody. "His bravery and obsessive determination still fascinate me. Houdini mastered the art of escape -- not only from physical chains, but from poverty and the social constraints of a humble immigrant origin. His life story appeals to the universal longing for acceptance with which we all can identify. To portray him is beyond an honor."
Houdini died of complications from a ruptured appendix in 1926. He was 52. | 2023-09-20T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/2525 |
CHESHAM PLACE, BELGRAVIA, SW1
Studio ApartmentRef: 15209
A recently refurbished west facing studio flat with good natural light on the lower ground floor of a well maintained period building in the heart of Belgravia, also being a short distance to Knightsbridge and Sloane Street.
The flat has a very long lease and is furnished in contemporary style with wood floors, a fully fitted granite work top kitchen and modern bathroom/WC
£695,000AvailableA recently refurbished west facing studio flat with good natural light on the lower ground floor of a well maintained period building in the heart of Belgravia, also being a short distance to Knightsbridge and Sloane Street. | 2023-11-03T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4713 |
Re: updating alpine?
From: "Joshua Daniel Franklin" <jdf lists gmail com>
To: "EPEL development disccusion" <epel-devel-list redhat com>
Subject: Re: updating alpine?
Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 11:25:35 -0700
On Mon, Mar 24, 2008 at 9:33 AM, Stephen John Smoogen wrote:
> My prefered method of dealing with this would be:
>
> 1) Post that you are going to do an update into testing. [We need to
> get an announce/RSS channel going.]
> 2) Put the package in testing and call for testers.
OK, I just pushed the builds. Anyone interested should be able
to see them in updates-testing soon, or directly here:
http://koji.fedoraproject.org/koji/packageinfo?packageID=4982 | 2023-10-26T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/5126 |
/*******************************************************************************
* Copyright (c) 2000, 2008 IBM Corporation and others.
* All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
* are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
* which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
* http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
*
* Contributors:
* IBM Corporation - initial API and implementation
*******************************************************************************/
package org.eclipse.wst.jsdt.internal.ui.infoviews;
import org.eclipse.jface.text.ITextSelection;
import org.eclipse.ui.IEditorInput;
import org.eclipse.wst.jsdt.core.IClassFile;
import org.eclipse.wst.jsdt.core.ICodeAssist;
import org.eclipse.wst.jsdt.core.IJavaScriptUnit;
import org.eclipse.wst.jsdt.core.IJavaScriptElement;
import org.eclipse.wst.jsdt.core.JavaScriptModelException;
import org.eclipse.wst.jsdt.internal.corext.util.JavaModelUtil;
import org.eclipse.wst.jsdt.internal.ui.JavaScriptPlugin;
import org.eclipse.wst.jsdt.internal.ui.javaeditor.IClassFileEditorInput;
import org.eclipse.wst.jsdt.internal.ui.javaeditor.JavaEditor;
import org.eclipse.wst.jsdt.ui.IWorkingCopyManager;
/**
* Helper class to convert text selections to Java elements.
*
*
*/
class TextSelectionConverter {
/** Empty result. */
private static final IJavaScriptElement[] EMPTY_RESULT= new IJavaScriptElement[0];
/** Prevent instance creation. */
private TextSelectionConverter() {
}
/**
* Finds and returns the Java elements for the given editor selection.
*
* @param editor the Java editor
* @param selection the text selection
* @return the Java elements for the given editor selection
* @throws JavaScriptModelException
*/
public static IJavaScriptElement[] codeResolve(JavaEditor editor, ITextSelection selection) throws JavaScriptModelException {
return codeResolve(getInput(editor), selection);
}
/**
* Finds and returns the Java element that contains the
* text selection in the given editor.
*
* @param editor the Java editor
* @param selection the text selection
* @return the Java elements for the given editor selection
* @throws JavaScriptModelException
*/
public static IJavaScriptElement getElementAtOffset(JavaEditor editor, ITextSelection selection) throws JavaScriptModelException {
return getElementAtOffset(getInput(editor), selection);
}
//-------------------- Helper methods --------------------
private static IJavaScriptElement getInput(JavaEditor editor) {
if (editor == null)
return null;
IEditorInput input= editor.getEditorInput();
if (input instanceof IClassFileEditorInput)
return ((IClassFileEditorInput)input).getClassFile();
IWorkingCopyManager manager= JavaScriptPlugin.getDefault().getWorkingCopyManager();
return manager.getWorkingCopy(input);
}
private static IJavaScriptElement[] codeResolve(IJavaScriptElement input, ITextSelection selection) throws JavaScriptModelException {
if (input instanceof ICodeAssist) {
if (input instanceof IJavaScriptUnit) {
IJavaScriptUnit cunit= (IJavaScriptUnit)input;
if (cunit.isWorkingCopy())
JavaModelUtil.reconcile(cunit);
}
IJavaScriptElement[] elements= ((ICodeAssist)input).codeSelect(selection.getOffset(), selection.getLength());
if (elements != null && elements.length > 0)
return elements;
}
return EMPTY_RESULT;
}
private static IJavaScriptElement getElementAtOffset(IJavaScriptElement input, ITextSelection selection) throws JavaScriptModelException {
if (input instanceof IJavaScriptUnit) {
IJavaScriptUnit cunit= (IJavaScriptUnit)input;
if (cunit.isWorkingCopy())
JavaModelUtil.reconcile(cunit);
IJavaScriptElement ref= cunit.getElementAt(selection.getOffset());
if (ref == null)
return input;
else
return ref;
} else if (input instanceof IClassFile) {
IJavaScriptElement ref= ((IClassFile)input).getElementAt(selection.getOffset());
if (ref == null)
return input;
else
return ref;
}
return null;
}
}
| 2024-03-19T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/5170 |
View
Majili director's next with Rowdy Star
Wednesday,April10th,2019, 08:35 AM
Director Shiva Nirvana made his debut with the film, Ninnu Kori. With his first film itself, the director proved that he can handle the films with a lot of maturities. Recently, he came up with his second feature called Majili, with Naga Chaitanya and Samantha in the lead roles.
The film is doing extremely well at the box office and Shiva has proved his mettle once again. Meanwhile, it is being heard that he has okayed his next with Rowdy Star Vijay Devarakonda. Apparently, he narrated a pure romantic drama to Vijay and the latter was impressed by it.
If all goes well, the film will be launched by the end of this year. Currently, Vijay is acting in Dear Comrade, which will release in May. On the flip side, he is also working for a film under Kranthi Madhav's direction and another film under the direction of Anand Annamalai. | 2023-08-10T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/7164 |
Before 0CC-FamiTracker gained popularity it used to be called an "unofficial FamiTracker release", so I said something along the lines of: jsr's FamiTracker is the official release of vanilla FamiTracker (as opposed to builds such as Slimeball's with the N163 mixer switch), HertzDevil's 0C...
if there were 127 Kraid's Hideout (NES) covers on youtube i would definitely play all of them at once and they are gonna be the most discernible things ever Surely you can just record each individual channel's output (or batches of them) then recombine them using ffmpeg. In fact even two channels ar...
There is a way to pitch bend arpeggios "properly", except the vanilla build cannot, and you must place the arp into the instrument itself as a sequence, reducing flexibility (no arp schemes for example). Hi-pitch sequences are measured in quarter tones while the linear pitch mode is enable...
I don't think I have mentioned this outside the Discord server, so here it is: Once it is determined that 0.5.0 stable is statistically unlikely to be released at all, 0CC-FamiTracker will cease to be vanilla-compatible so that it can add even more features that are prohibited by file format issues ... | 2023-09-23T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/8853 |
Top 10 Importatnt Vastu Shastra ideas for your living room
Among the so many elements to consider while designing your homes, Vastu is probably something that most of the Indians would like to take a glance at. The living room is certainly one of the major ambiences in your home. “Living room” is a relatively new term and often addressed as a sitting room or lounge. It is probably where most of the free time of your family members would be spent. While Vastu is said to have a great impact on the positivity and well being for the people who live in there; it is vital to look for some suitable Vastu tips for the living room.
Some important Vastu tips for living room
Being the centre of attraction in the entire house, decorating your living room is likely to be on your priority list. Well, it is however not only about the style and décor, but as per Vastu, your living room is where positivity and goodwill would enter your life and relationships. Therefore, in order to attract worthy elements into your life, it may be vital to look forward towards designing your living room.
Location of your living room
Since Vastu Shastra considers the placement of various elements into your home, it also determines the best location for different rooms. The below details may be helpful with respect to this:
North-west : the north-west quadrant is said to belong to the air element, it is therefore perfect for a living room if you’re seeking to avoid get-togethers or late night parties. This quadrant signifies movement and encourages guests to move, avoiding their longer stays.
: the north-west quadrant is said to belong to the air element, it is therefore perfect for a living room if you’re seeking to avoid get-togethers or late night parties. This quadrant signifies movement and encourages guests to move, avoiding their longer stays. North-east : Having your living room in this quadrant will help in bringing in extreme positivity to the environment. It brings mental peace and serenity to the people residing in the home.
: Having your living room in this quadrant will help in bringing in extreme positivity to the environment. It brings mental peace and serenity to the people residing in the home. North: Known for health and wealth, this quadrant infuses plenty of positive vibrations and helps in establishing an absolutely congenial ambience.
Known for health and wealth, this quadrant infuses plenty of positive vibrations and helps in establishing an absolutely congenial ambience. South-West: Having your living room in this quadrant would attract guests like flies to sugar. This quadrant makes people feel safe at home. This location is favourable for occupants however your guests would turn into pests. The south-west is preferred as it is related to Prithvi (Earth) which is related to the stability. This direction encourages your guests to stay longer at your home and they don’t even leave your home early and hence making the owner of the home sometimes uncomfortable.
Other aspects of your living room
Along with the location of your living room, it is important to consider the placement of various other things that you may be used for decorating the room as per your tastes and preferences.
Television
Most of the free time your family spends together may be before the television. The southeast corner is probably the best to place your television. However, you should avoid setting it on the northwestern wall since then the members of the family would predictably spend more time watching television which is not good always.
Furniture
While you’re searching interior designers in pune to select furniture for your living room, it is suggestible to go for rectangular or square pieces instead of the ones that are circular. Coffee tables or side tables are considered to be the best in square or rectangular shapes when need to be placed in the living room.
Recliners are considered good for living rooms because they encourage relaxation.
The beams which are exposed in your home are believed not to be good as per Vastu. The reason is that because they build a sense of depression. It’s always advised to go with a False roofing or false ceiling to camouflage or hide the exposed beams, and therefore, you can avoid the incoming negative vibes.
According to Vastu Shastra, it’s considered that a fish aquarium is a mighty tool which is so much powerful as it acts a cure for a lot of defects of Vastu. However, you should be using the fish aquarium according to the guidelines and rules of Vastu; otherwise, it might demolish your happiness in your own home.
The showcases plus the additional heavy items must be in the south or west or south-west of your room. The head of any house should sit, facing north or east. In the southeast section, of your house, the TV should be kept on the wall in the East direction.
Also Read:How you can transform your home decor without spending a fortune?
Curtains
If the windows of your living room face the north or east from where the morning sunrises, it would be suggested to go for curtains that are light or sheer. Also, the windows face the west or south, some heavy drapes are regarded to be preferable. You are free to use either a single type of curtains or use a suitable combination of thick and light curtains.
Open space and plants
As per Hindu mythology, you should be keeping this Ishan Kon or the northeast corner of the living room of yours clean and empty; the reason to keep this area well-maintained is this is the area which should be appealing and drawing the attention of utmost good fortune. You can beautify the area, decorated with plants, ensuring that they should be healthy and caring.
Chandelier
Chandelier refers to a very familiar feature when it comes to Indian homes, mostly. Undoubtedly, it adds the taste of beauty and decoration to a particular area. Nevertheless, keep in mind that it’s not located in the room’s centre. Rather, you can hang this chandelier in the west or south direction of your room.
Lighting in hall
When you talk of bright rooms, they surely welcome you with the ultimate positive energy, whereas the dark rooms push it away. Have the designing of the living space of yours with attractive, not dim lighting in various corners to keep the room well-lit during the whole day and even at night. Go for vintage bulbs with a soothing and lovely glow invited in your room to welcome you and your guests with a comfortable vibe.
Wall color for home
A few of the colors transports positive energy to your classic living room. According to the Vastu Shastra, keep in mind, for the Vastu color for living room, you can use light yellow, white, or green shades for the walls; they are the apt choices for the area of living space as they carry a secluded vibe.
Use these hues in a combination or individually to enhance the effect of positivity at its peak in that particular space. It would be good if you’ll avoid black or red color for the walls of your living room.
Paintings and art
The wall of the northeastern side of Ishaan corner is the absolute place if you want to hang paintings in your home. Nonetheless, you must go for amazing images; plus you should be avoiding the pictures which depict pain, hunger, anger, or any other bad or negative thought.
To feel the positivity, you can go with hanging portraits of your idols or gods or a few of the alluring and beautiful paintings at your sweet home in the northeast direction or on the wall or corner of north-east.
In addition to it, you can even hang your gurus’ pictures, any picture of the waterfall in north-east direction. In fact, it’s even recommended that have the images of any water feature, water fountain, or put a fish tank in the north-east section of your living room.
Moreover, the images of running horses, birds are the best to display in the north-east corner of your home. To add in this, the artworks or images of guns, wild animals like lion, tiger; wars; swords shouldn’t be displayed in your living room as they add the bitter negative energy flavour to your lovely living room.
Should be liberated from dust and clutter
There is a need to make a positive ambience around you which should include a space of airiness and cleanliness. Keep in mind that to keep your living room, free of dust and your room should be clean enough. Maintain room accordingly and make adequate storage space so that your staff can be unseen; also clean the top of the table and other surfaces of the room to keep make it clutter-free.
Flowers
Flowers have the power to implants the positive vibe into any corner but it’s always advised to keep real flowers. It’s a recommendation that never put the flowers which are dead ( the flowers which attract misfortune); or the artificial flowers which are usually made of plastics (as plastic represents dead and the stale energy); bonsai or cacti/cactus plants as these plants have a negative influence on your career and financial matter; As these flowers begin to die, instantly they must be replaced with refreshing flowers; plus they exist in inauspiciousness.
To be talking in more detail, the Chinese bamboo plants are particularly believed to be immensely lucky as per Vastu Shastra because these plants transport good luck to you. The “money plants” also bring good fortune as they should be kept in water.
Flooring
As per Vastu recommendation, the design of flooring slopes should in east direction or in the north side. These easy Vastu tips for living room will surely help you well to design interiors that could bring good fortune to you and your family members. | 2024-02-25T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/2266 |
-----Original Message-----
From: webmaster@cera.com [mailto:webmaster@cera.com]
Sent: Monday, October 29, 2001 9:01 PM
To: clients@cera.com
Subject: Western Energy--Winter Demand Peaks Not Expected to Result in
Price Spikes or Reliability Problems - CERA Monthly Briefing
Title: One Tight Winter Peak Remains
URL(s):
http://www20.cera.com/eprofile?u=35&m=2760;
***********************************************************************
WESTERN ENERGY--WINTER DEMAND PEAKS NOT EXPECTED TO RESULT IN PRICE SPIKES OR RELIABILITY PROBLEMS
Building natural gas and power supplies are providing a cushion for the western
energy markets for this winter. Although seasonal gas and power demand spikes
will again push prices higher, this winter will not look like the winter of
2000/01. Unlike during the record high gas and power prices and blackouts last
year winter, reduced demand, increased gas storage levels, and new gas and
power supplies will significantly temper prices and significantly reduce the
risk of supply disruptions.
* A supply build of 300 million cubic feet (MMcf) per day in the Rockies and
900 MMcf in western Canada is meeting with declining demand in the West
* Fourth quarter power demand is expected to be 13 percent below levels last
year, while over 5,000 megawatts of new supply has been added this year
* Only severe cold weather, prolonged drought, or a supply disruption could
produce a reliability problem this winter
**end**
Follow above URL for complete CERA Monthly Briefing (10 pages).
E-mail Category: Monthly Briefing
CERA Knowledge Area(s): Western Energy
***********************************************************************
***********************************************************************
CERA's Autumn 2001 Roundtable event dates and agendas
are now available at http://www20.cera.com/event
***********************************************************************
To make changes to your cera.com profile go to:
http://www20.cera.com/client/updateaccount
Forgot your username and password? Go to:
http://www20.cera.com/client/forgot
This electronic message and attachments, if any, contain information
from Cambridge Energy Research Associates, Inc. (CERA) which is
confidential and may be privileged. Unauthorized disclosure, copying,
distribution or use of the contents of this message or any attachments,
in whole or in part, is strictly prohibited.
Terms of Use: http://www20.cera.com/tos
Questions/Comments: webmaster@cera.com
Copyright 2001. Cambridge Energy Research Associates | 2023-11-12T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4129 |
Promissory Oaths Act 1871
The Promissory Oaths Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict c 48) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
It was passed with a view to the revision of the statute law, and particularly to the preparation of the revised edition of the statutes then in progress.
See also
Oaths Act
Statute Law Revision Act
References
Halsbury's Statutes,
External links
The Promissory Oaths Act 1871, as amended from the National Archives.
The Promissory Oaths Act 1871, as originally enacted from the National Archives.
List of amendments and repeals in the Republic of Ireland from the Irish Statute Book
Category:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1871
Category:Oaths | 2023-12-06T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/9678 |
A 7.6 magnitude earthquake has struck in the Caribbean Sea north of Honduras, briefly triggering multiple tsunami warnings in the area, including for the coasts of Honduras, Belize, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
The powerful quake, which was felt across the region from Mexico to the Honduran capital Tegucigalpa, struck some 36km northeast of Great Swan Island around 2:51am GMT, according to US Geological Survey.
The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issued alert of possible waves up to one meter above tide level in Honduras, Belize, Cuba, Mexico and Jamaica. However, after detecting the formation of the waves, the PTWC concluded that “based on observed data there is no threat” and lifted some of its earlier warnings.
Still the PTWC is advising residents of coastal areas to watch out for “small sea level changes.” The agency projected that the “earliest estimated time that hazardous sea level fluctuations and strong ocean currents may begin” is after 5:20am GMT (1:20am Atlantic Standard Time).
M7.6 #earthquake strikes 306 km SW of George Town (Cayman Islands) 17 min ago. Effects reported by witnesses: pic.twitter.com/s1v0yquZbU — EMSC (@LastQuake) January 10, 2018
The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center also lifted its multiple tsunami advisories for the shoreline of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, where it earlier said waves of up to 0.3 meters were possible with a threat of “fluctuations and strong ocean currents that could be a hazard along coasts … beaches … in harbors … and in coastal waters.”
There were no immediate reports of casualties or major damage from the shallow quake, which had a depth of just 10 kilometers. The director of Honduras’ contingencies commission confirmed that the quake was felt “in the majority” of the country with no reports of damage, Reuters reports. Meanwhile Belize’s Emergencies Minister urged residents of low coastal areas to stay vigilant for potential danger. | 2023-09-25T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/8432 |
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the projectile including a penetrating member and a pyrotechnic composition encompassed by a ballistic hood which is arranged ahead of the head portion of the penetrating or piercing member, preferably an incendiary composition, as well as a solid insert from a pyrophorically acting metal, for instance, an alloy containing such a metal.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
A projectile of this type is known from German Laid-open Patent Application No. 23 46 141 wherein, through the employment of a solid ogive-shaped insert of a zirconium sponge, which is arranged ahead of the penetrating member below the ballistic hood, at target impact there can be achieved an intense incendiary effect ahead of as well as rearwardly of the pierced target surface.
Particularly in the combating of relatively weakly armored targets having a multiple bulkheaded or compartmented construction, such as aircraft, in addition to an intensive incendiary effect, sought after is also a large as possible shell splintering effect. For this reason it is already known (German Laid-open Patent Application No. 25 52 950), that in a projectile with a penetrating member, there be provided ahead thereof, beneath a ballistic hood, a pyrotechnic composition, preferably constituted of an incendiary composition, as well as a further pyrotechnic composition within the penetrating member, in this instance a mixture formed of an explosive and incendiary composition. At impact against a target, in this known projectile there is initially ignited the incendiary composition which is arranged ahead of the penetrating member and which covers the target surface with fire. Thereafter activated is the pyrotechnic composition which is located in the penetrating member. Consequently, the penetrating member is disintegrated into splinters which penetrate into the interior of the target whereby, depending upon circumstances, portions of the incendiary composition is pulled along and will thus also create an incendiary effect interiorly of the target.
Hereby, primarily when the penetrating member incorporates a preset rupturing location, the fragments into which this member is disintegrated can still be relatively large and, in particular, the head portion of the penetrating member can be propelled away in a single piece. However, just in the combating of flying targets it is desired to have a large number of splinters so as to increase the probability of damaging important operational components of the aircraft (hydraulic system, fuel conduits). | 2023-08-07T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/2283 |
Latin America’s largest tech hub in Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, March 21 (IANS/EFE) The impending arrival of multinationals Siemens and Halliburton marks the emergence of Latin America’s largest technological hub here in Brazil’s second city, the head of the project said.
“Five of the 13 major companies that secured spaces in the park are already operating and Halliburton and Siemens will inaugurate their technological centers in the coming days,” Mauricio Guedes, director of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro’s Technological Park, told EFE.
After an investment of 1 billion reais ($500 million), the park is expected to be fully operational by the beginning of 2014 with a workforce of roughly 2,500 people, 80 percent of them engaged in research and development, he said.
The park was founded in 2003 to stimulate interaction between the university’s students and cutting-edge firms and the proximity of state oil giant Petrobras’ R&D center has made the park a magnet for companies in the energy sector.
“The park was conceived for various activities, but the focus is oil,” Guedes said.
Among the firms already operating in the park are two powerhouses of the global oil-services industry: Schlumberger and Baker Hughes, while the park is also home to General Electric’s first R&D center in Latin America.
–IANS/EFE
rd | 2024-01-12T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/8814 |
One Click Grass Generator Script
One Click Grass Generator Script
Forget the Default PaintEffects, its time to create Grass in a easy-and-fast way. A script to help users to create grass with the help of single-click. Users can create N-Number of grasses as it is a lot faster than the Default PaintEffects. Made with MEL Script, this includes a well-documentation which will help you to understand easily and change color the way you want. Save your time! | 2024-06-29T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/7908 |
Marie Bashir steps down
Professor Marie Bashir was the first woman to become governor of NSW. Born in Narrandera, New South Wales and is a medical graduate of the University of Sydney, a former medical resident officer of St Vincent's Hospital and of The Children's Hospital. She is a Fellow of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. She is the old-fashioned, vice-regal version of guerilla marketing - spreading her message person by person, from the grassroots up, in the most vintage way possible: by meeting people and listening to them. As a consequence, everyone claimed her. Like these photos? Selected images available at www.fairfaxphotos.com.au Follow us at twitter.com/photosSMH | 2024-02-09T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/5943 |
<?php
/*
* @copyright 2016 Mautic Contributors. All rights reserved
* @author Mautic
*
* @link http://mautic.org
*
* @license GNU/GPLv3 http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html
*/
namespace Mautic\NotificationBundle\EventListener;
use Mautic\CoreBundle\CoreEvents;
use Mautic\CoreBundle\Event\BuildJsEvent;
use Mautic\NotificationBundle\Helper\NotificationHelper;
use Mautic\PluginBundle\Helper\IntegrationHelper;
use Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventSubscriberInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Generator\UrlGeneratorInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouterInterface;
class BuildJsSubscriber implements EventSubscriberInterface
{
/**
* @var NotificationHelper
*/
private $notificationHelper;
/**
* @var IntegrationHelper
*/
private $integrationHelper;
/**
* @var RouterInterface
*/
private $router;
public function __construct(NotificationHelper $notificationHelper, IntegrationHelper $integrationHelper, RouterInterface $router)
{
$this->notificationHelper = $notificationHelper;
$this->integrationHelper = $integrationHelper;
$this->router = $router;
}
/**
* @return array
*/
public static function getSubscribedEvents()
{
return [
CoreEvents::BUILD_MAUTIC_JS => ['onBuildJs', 254],
];
}
public function onBuildJs(BuildJsEvent $event)
{
$integration = $this->integrationHelper->getIntegrationObject('OneSignal');
if (!$integration || false === $integration->getIntegrationSettings()->getIsPublished()) {
return;
}
$subscribeUrl = $this->router->generate('mautic_notification_popup', [], UrlGeneratorInterface::ABSOLUTE_URL);
$subscribeTitle = 'Subscribe To Notifications';
$width = 450;
$height = 450;
$js = <<<JS
{$this->notificationHelper->getHeaderScript()}
MauticJS.notification = {
init: function () {
{$this->notificationHelper->getScript()}
var subscribeButton = document.getElementById('mautic-notification-subscribe');
if (subscribeButton) {
subscribeButton.addEventListener('click', MauticJS.notification.popup);
}
},
popup: function () {
var subscribeUrl = '{$subscribeUrl}';
var subscribeTitle = '{$subscribeTitle}';
var w = {$width};
var h = {$height};
// Fixes dual-screen position Most browsers Firefox
var dualScreenLeft = window.screenLeft != undefined ? window.screenLeft : screen.left;
var dualScreenTop = window.screenTop != undefined ? window.screenTop : screen.top;
var width = window.innerWidth ? window.innerWidth : document.documentElement.clientWidth ? document.documentElement.clientWidth : screen.width;
var height = window.innerHeight ? window.innerHeight : document.documentElement.clientHeight ? document.documentElement.clientHeight : screen.height;
var left = ((width / 2) - (w / 2)) + dualScreenLeft;
var top = ((height / 2) - (h / 2)) + dualScreenTop;
var subscribeWindow = window.open(
subscribeUrl,
subscribeTitle,
'scrollbars=yes, width=' + w + ',height=' + h + ',top=' + top + ',left=' + left + ',directories=0,titlebar=0,toolbar=0,location=0,status=0,menubar=0,scrollbars=no,resizable=no'
);
if (window.focus) {
subscribeWindow.focus();
}
window.closeSubscribeWindow = function() { subscribeWindow.close(); };
}
};
MauticJS.documentReady(MauticJS.notification.init);
JS;
$event->appendJs($js, 'Mautic Notification JS');
}
}
| 2024-05-20T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/2312 |
---
author:
- Ahmed Mohammed Elsayed Khalifa
bibliography:
- 'thesis.bib'
title: Novel Quadrotor Manipulation System
---
| 2023-10-04T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/7857 |
Crime Alerts
This page contains the most recent crime alerts. The purpose of a crime alert is to inform the campus community regarding crimes and incidents that have come to the attention of the University Police. While these notices are primarily an attempt to increase safety awareness, they also serve to dispel myths/rumors regarding campus crimes or incidents. Timely warnings may be distributed to campus offices, residence halls and libraries, off-campus locations, and through the Internet. Timely warning notices are maintained on the CSUDH Police web site for a period of one (1) year) in the archive section.
The purpose of this notice is to inform the campus community regarding crimes and incidents that have come to the attention of the University Police. While these notices are primarily an attempt to increase safety awareness, they also serve to dispel myths/rumors regarding campus crimes or incidents. Timely Warnings may be distributed to campus offices, residence halls, libraries, off-campus locations, and through the internet. Timely Warning Notices are maintained on the CSUDH website for a period of one year.
The University Police Department has received a report of a Sexual Battery of a female student. The victim states that the incident occurred on November 14, 2016 at 1:40 p.m. The victim was approached by an unknown male while she was seated at a picnic table adjacent to Building 10 of the Small College Complex. The suspect engaged the victim in conversation. The victim told the suspect to leave. The suspect patted the victim on the buttocks (over her clothing). The victim pushed the suspect away and he left.
The suspect is described as a Black male, 50-60 years old, 6’ tall, heavy build, wearing an olive green hat, black jacket, white-T-shirt, tan cargo shorts, Nike Airmax shoes, and carrying a black backpack. There are no further details at this time.
This Notice is in compliance with 20 U.S.C. Section 1092(f), the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act” (Clery Act), and the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).
Tips:
* Know the location of campus emergency telephone towers.
* Report suspicious persons or activity to police.
* Be aware of your surroundings.
Anyone with information that may assist in the investigation is urged to call the University Police at (310) 243-3639. Anonymous tips can be provided by calling the campus Anonymous Tip Hotline at (310) 243- 3980. | 2023-08-07T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/7546 |
Testosterone protects against dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy, protein degradation and MAFbx upregulation.
Administration of glucocorticoids in pharmacological amounts results in muscle atrophy due, in part, to accelerated degradation of muscle proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The ubiquitin ligase MAFbx is upregulated during muscle loss including that caused by glucocorticoids and has been implicated in accelerated muscle protein catabolism during such loss. Testosterone has been found to reverse glucocorticoid-induced muscle loss due to prolonged glucocorticoid administration. Here, we tested the possibility that testosterone would block muscle loss, upregulation of MAFbx, and protein catabolism when begun at the time of glucocorticoid administration. Coadministration of testosterone to male rats blocked dexamethasone-induced reduction in gastrocnemius muscle mass and upregulation of MAFbx mRNA levels. Administration of testosterone together with dexamethasone also prevented glucocorticoid-induced upregulation of MAFbx mRNA levels and protein catabolism in C2C12 myotube expressing the androgen receptor. Half-life of MAFbx was not altered by testosterone, dexamethasone or the combination. Testosterone blocked dexamethasone-induced increases in activity of the human MAFbx promotor. The findings indicate that administration testosterone prevents glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy and suggest that this results, in part at least, from reductions in muscle protein catabolism and expression of MAFbx. | 2024-07-14T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/2010 |
Q:
Access to ngSanitize in child components
I am trying to use ng-bind-html in a child component and it is not working. From what I read, You need to include ngSanitize. Which I have on am parent component and works fine there but can't get it to work on the child. Any ideas? Please let me know if you need more information. Thanks in advance!
var myApp = angular.module('subPackages', ['ngMaterial', 'ngMessages','ngSanitize']).config(function($sceDelegateProvider) {
$sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist([
// Allow same origin resource loads.
'self',
// Allow loading from our assets domain. Notice the difference between * and **.
'<<Protected Content>>**'
]);
});
(function (app) {
'use strict';
app.component('appComponent', {
templateUrl: '../subpackages/templates/app-template.html',
controller: subAppController
});
app.component('cartSummary', {
templateUrl: '../subpackages/templates/cart-summary.template.html',
controller: cartSummaryController,
bindings: {
contentJson: '<',
cartPerfs: '<',
getGlobalContent: '&',
myNewHtml: '&',
callExecLocalProd: '&'
},
});
})(myApp);
Parent
function subAppController($sce, $compile) {
...
}
Child
function cartSummaryController($sce, $compile) {
this.$onInit = function () {
//Get content from Parent
this.globalContent = this.getGlobalContent;
this.cartSummary = this.cartPerfs;
this.myHtml = this.myNewHtml;
this.localProd = this.callExecLocalProd;
this.removePerf = function (obj) {
console.log("removing performance");
var liseqno = $("#mBtnRemove").data("liseqno");
var perfno = $("#mBtnRemove").data("perfno");
//Close modal
$('#myModal').modal('toggle');
var rpParam = [
{ elp_remove_li_seq_no: liseqno, elp_remove_perf_no: perfno }
]
this.localProd({ item: rpParam });
}
}; //End $onInit
this.confirmDelete = function (perf) {
console.log("Confirm Delete");
console.log(perf);
//Replace the perf_desc token with perf description
var msg = this.globalContent({ module: "subpackage", item: "modalMessage" });
var finalDesc = msg.replace(/{perf_desc}/g, perf.perf_desc);
//Set the body of the modal with our message
//$('.modal-body ').text($sce.trustAsHtml(finalDesc));
//$('.cs-modal-body').attr("ng-bind-html", $sce.trustAsHtml(finalDesc));
$('.cs-modal-body').attr("ng-bind-html", finalDesc);
//populate our data attributes that we will need later
$('#mBtnRemove').data("liseqno", perf.li_seq_no)
$('#mBtnRemove').data("perfno", perf.perf_no)
$('#myModal').modal();
}
}
In my html I am using
<p class="cs-modal-body" ng-bind-html="Here"></p>
A:
if you use ng-bind-html="Here", then "Here" should be defined somewhere in your scope/context - it should be a string, which angular will try to parse as html
Define it in the controller.
| 2023-11-22T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/6968 |
#File generated by Hitachi Vantara Translator for package 'org.pentaho.di.job.entries.ftpdelete' in locale 'it_IT'
#
#
#Wed Apr 21 10:03:53 CEST 2010
JobEntryFTPDelete.Started=Iniziato job FTP a {0}
JobFTPDelete.Server.Label=Nome server FTP / Indirizzo IP\:
JobFTPDelete.FolderExists.OK=La cartella {0} esiste nell''host remoto.
JobFTPDelete.RemoteSettings.Group.Label=Remoto
JobFTPDelete.Name.Default=Cancella file da FTP
JobFTPDelete.keyfilePass.Label=Chiave passphrase
JobFTPDelete.ProxyHost.Tooltip=Host proxy
JobFTPDelete.Tab.Socks.Label=Proxy Socks
JobFTPDelete.SocksProxyPort.Tooltip=La porta del proxy socks
JobEntryFTPDelete.OpenedConnectionTo=Aperta connessione FTP al server [{0}]
JobFTPDelete.Timeout.Tooltip=Timeout in secondi durante il trasferimento (0 per nessun timeout)
JobFTPDelete.usePublicKeyFiles.Tooltip=Utilizza chiave pubblica
JobFTPDelete.ActiveConns.Tooltip=Imposta l''uso della connessione FTP attiva
JobFTPDelete.RemoteDir.Tooltip=La cartella remota sul server FTP
JobFTPDelete.SocksProxyPort.Label=Porta\:
JobFTPDelete.Tab.General.Label=Generale
JobFTPDelete.ErrorConnect.NOK=Errore di connessione\: {0}
JobFTPDelete.ProxyUsername.Tooltip=Username del proxy
JobFTPDelete.Filetype.All=Tutti i file
JobFTPDelete.Wildcard.Tooltip=Inserire un''espressione regolare per specificare i file da recuperare.\nEs. ".*\\.txt" (senza virgolette) per scaricare tutti i file di testo dalla cartella remota.
JobFTPDelete.Tab.Files.Label=File
JobFTPDelete.ErrorConnect.Title.Bad=ERRORE
JobFTPDelete.ActiveConns.Label=Utilizza connessione attiva FTP\:
JobFTPDelete.Wildcard.Label=Wildcard (espressione regolare)\:
JobFTPDelete.SocksProxyPassword.Tooltip=La password per il proxy Socks 5
JobEntryFTPDelete.SetActive=Imposta modo attivo per la connessione ftp
JobFTPDelete.FolderExists.Title.Ok=La cartella esiste
JobFTPDelete.KeyFilename.Label=File chiave\:
JobEntryFTPDelete.AnalysingFile=Analisi del file remoto [{0}] ...
JobFTPDelete.Connected.Title.Bad=Errore
JobFTPDelete.SocksProxy.Group.Label=Proxy
JobFTP.UnexpectedError=Errore inatteso\: {0}
JobFTPDelete.ProxyPort.Tooltip=Porta del proxy
JobFTPDelete.ProxyPort.Label=Porta del proxy
JobFTPDelete.useProxy.Tooltip=Utilizza proxy
JobFTPDelete.Connected.NOK.ConnectionBad=Impossibile connettersi a {0}
JobFTPDelete.Server.Tooltip=Il nome del server FTP o indirizzo IP
JobEntryFTPDelete.OpenedProxyConnectionOn=Aperta connessione FTP al server proxy [{0}]
JobFTPDelete.SocksProxyHost.Label=Host\:
JobFTPDelete.getPrevious.Label=Copiare i precedenti risultati in args?
JobFTPDelete.User.Tooltip=Inserire il nome utente del server FTP
JobEntryFTPDelete.SetPassive=Imposta modo passivo per la connessione ftp
JobFTPDelete.SuccessWhenAtLeat.Label=Cancella almeno x files
JobEntryFTPDelete.Start=Inizio della job entry FTP
JobFTPDelete.Connected.OK=Connesso a {0}
JobFTPDelete.getPrevious.Tooltip=Copia i precedenti risultati in args
JobFTPDelete.ProxyPassword.Tooltip=Password proxy
JobFTPDelete.Port.Tooltip=Porta del server
JobFTPDelete.TestConnection.Tooltip=Testa la connessione
JobFTPDelete.Protocol.Label=Protocollo
JobFTPDelete.TestConnection.Label=Prova la connessione
JobFTPDelete.KeyFilename.Tooltip=File chiave
JobFTPDelete.ProxyHost.Label=Host proxy
JobEntryFTPDelete.SocksProxy.PortMissingException=Il server proxy socks {0} non ha la porta specificata.
JobFTPDelete.ProxyPassword.Label=Password proxy
JobFTPDelete.Name.Label=Nome della job entry\:
JobFTPDelete.AdvancedSettings.Group.Label=Avanzato
JobEntryFTPDelete.ChangedDir=Cambiato nella cartella [{0}]
JobEntryFTPDelete.ErrorQuitting=Errore nella chiusura della connessione FTP\: {0}
JobFTPDelete.ProxyUsername.Label=Username del proxy
JobFTPDelete.keyfilePass.Tooltip=Chiave passphrase
JobFTPDelete.Password.Tooltip=Inserire la password del server FTP
JobFTPDelete.NrBadFormedLessThan.Label=Limite file
JobEntryFTPDelete.SocksProxy.IncompleteCredentials=Le credenziali dei proxy socks sono incomplete. Se queste non sono necessarie allora cancellare username e password.
JobFTPDelete.User.Label=Utente\:
JobFTPDelete.SuccessCondition.Label=Successo se
JobEntryFTPDelete.ErrorGetting=Errore nel prelievo dei file da FTP\: {0}
JobFTPDelete.SocksProxyHost.Tooltip=Il nome dell''host o l''indirizzo IP dell''host proxy socks
JobFTPDelete.ConnectionType.Label=Tipo di connessione
JobFTPDelete.NrBadFormedLessThan.Tooltip=File limite
JobFTPDelete.SuccessWhenNrErrorsLessThan.Label=N. errori inferiore a
JobFTPDelete.SuccessWhenAllWorksFine.Label=Tutto funziona correttamente
JobEntryFTPDelete.SetTimeout=Imposta timeout a {0}
JobFTPDelete.SuccessOn.Group.Label=Condizione di successo
JobEntryFTPDelete.SuccesConditionBroken=La condizione di successo \u00E8 fallita\!
JobFTPDelete.Title=Cancella file da FTP
JobFTPDelete.RemoteDir.Label=Cartella remota\:
JobFTPDelete.Filetype.Pem=File Pem
JobFTPDelete.Name.Tooltip=Nome della job entry
JobFTPDelete.TestFolderExists.Label=Controlla cartella
JobFTPDelete.Password.Label=Password\:
JobFTPDelete.FolderExists.NOK=Impossibile trovare la cartella {0} nell''host remoto\!
JobFTPDelete.Connected.Title.Ok=Connessione OK
JobFTPDelete.usePublicKeyFiles.Label=Utilizza chiave pubblica
JobFTPDelete.Port.Label=Porta del server
JobFTPDelete.useProxy.Label=Utilizza proxy
JobFTPDelete.Protocol.Tooltip=Protocollo
JobEntryFTPDelete.LoggedIn=Collegato come utente {0}
JobEntryFTPDelete.ArgsFromPreviousNothing=Nessun dato dal precedente risultato\!
JobFTPDelete.SocksProxyPassword.Label=Password\:
JobFTPDelete.Timeout.Label=Timeout\:
JobFTPDelete.FolderExists.Title.Bad=Impossibile trovare la cartella
JobFTPDelete.SocksProxyUsername.Label=Username\:
JobFTPDelete.ServerSettings.Group.Label=Server
| 2023-08-22T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/6932 |
Thursday, April 26, 2018
End of "Sabbatical"?
As the most powerful man in animation nears the end of a six-month "sabbatical" for personal "missteps," CEO Bob Iger must soon determine [Mr. Lasseter's] fate. ...
At this point, some insiders believe Iger is quietly preparing to name new heads of Pixar and Disney Animation — those floated include Docter for Pixar and Rich Moore and Jennifer Lee at Disney Animation. But some veterans are angry, saying that the company allowed Lasseter to dominate — and to take credit for the work of others — for too long, only acting in the wake of the #MeToo movement. ...
I was in the camp of classical cynics who said: "Lasseter will come back; the Disney Company spent a lot of money to acquire Pixar and he's just too valuable for the conglomerate to toss him overboard."
Now I wonder.
John Lasseter is and was a talent. He's got a long track record of hit animated features that proves he knows how to put popular movie franchises together. But he's also a man with demonstrated appetites for wine, women and good times, and that now is a problem for the corporation that made him rich.
In the post Harvey Weinstein era, the post Bill O'Reilly and Bill Cosby eras, can Disney afford to bring John back? Even if he's wearing an ankle bracelet?
Maybe Disney has already determined a Plan B. They will let John go, then quietly engage him (from time to time?) as a consultant. Or maybe they will simply thank him for his service, hand him an engraved Mickey Mouse statuette along with a retiree's silver pass for Disneyland, and let him slip away into the sunset.
Whatever the outcome, we will discover what it is soon after the six-month time-clock runs out. | 2024-07-13T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4533 |
Scientific Papers
=================
UMAP has been used in a wide variety of scientific publications from a diverse range of
fields. Here we will highlight a small selection of papers that demonstrate both
the depth of analysis, and breadth of subjects, UMAP can be used for. These range from biology,
to machine learning, and even social science.
The single-cell transcriptional landscape of mammalian organogenesis
--------------------------------------------------------------------
A detailed look at the development of mouse embryos from a single-cell view. UMAP
is used as a core piece of The Monocle3 software suite for identifying cell types
and trajectories. This was a major paper in Nature, demonstrating the power
of UMAP for large scale scientific endeavours.
.. image:: images/organogenesis_paper.png
:width: 400px
`Link to the paper <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-0969-x>`__
A lineage-resolved molecular atlas of C. elegans embryogenesis at single-cell resolution
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Still in the realm of single cell biology this paper looks at the developmental
landscape of the round-word C. elegans. UMAP is used for detailed analysis of
the developmental trajectories of cells, looking at global scales, and then
digging down to look at individual organs. The result is an impressive
array of UMAP visualisations that tease out ever finer structures in
cellular development.
.. image:: images/c_elegans_3d.jpg
:width: 400px
`Link to the paper <https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2019/09/04/science.aax1971>`__
Exploring Neural Networks with Activation Atlases
-------------------------------------------------
Understanding the image processing capabilities (and deficits!) of modern
convolutional neural networks is a challenge. This interactive paper from
Distill seeks to provide a way to "peek inside the black box" by looking
at the activations throughout the network. By mapping this high dimensional
data down to 2D with UMAP the authors can construct an "atlas" of how
different images are perceived by the network.
.. image:: images/activation_atlas.png
:width: 400px
`Link to the paper <https://distill.pub/2019/activation-atlas/>`__
TimeCluster: dimension reduction applied to temporal data for visual analytics
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
An interesting approach to time-series analysis, targeted toward cases where the
time series has repeating patterns -- though no necessarily of a consistently
periodic nature. The approach involves dimension reduction and clustering
of sliding window blocks of the time-series. The result is a map where
repeating behaviour is exposed as loop structures. This can be useful
for both clustering similar blocks within a time-series, or finding
outliers.
.. image:: images/time_cluster.png
:width: 400px
`Link to the paper <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00371-019-01673-y>`__
Dimensionality reduction for visualizing single-cell data using UMAP
--------------------------------------------------------------------
An early paper on applying UMAP to single-cell biology data. It looks at
both gene-expression data and flow-cytometry data, and compares UMAP to
t-SNE both in terms of performance and quality of results. This is a good
introduction to using UMAP for single-cell biology data.
.. image:: images/single_cell_umap.jpg
:width: 400px
`Link to the paper <https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.4314>`__
Revealing multi-scale population structure in large cohorts
-----------------------------------------------------------
A paper looking at population genetics which uses UMAP as a means
to visualise population structures. This produced some intriguing
visualizations, and was one of the first of several papers taking
this visualization approach. It also includes some novel visualizations
using UMAP projections to 3D as RGB color specifications for
data points, allowing the UMAP structure ot be visualized in
geographic maps based on where the samples where drawn from.
.. image:: images/population_umap.jpg
:width: 400px
`Link to the paper <https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/423632v2>`__
Understanding Vulnerability of Children in Surrey
--------------------------------------------------
An example of the use of UMAP in sociological studies -- in this case
looking at children in Surrey, British Columbia. Here UMAP is used as
a tool to aid in general data analysis, and proves effective for the
tasks to which it was put.
.. image:: images/umap_surrey.png
:width: 400px
`Link to the paper <https://dsi.ubc.ca/sites/default/files/education-dssg-report-2018.pdf>`__ | 2024-05-31T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/7337 |
In this story
In the faux film, 'Late Night' correspondent Ruffin plays a "world-renowned scientist, an accomplished cellist and activist" while the host plays "a man who was white while she did it."
Days before the 91st Academy Awards,Late Night With Seth Meyers spoofed movies that tend to win acclaim with a trailer for a fake movie called White Savior.
In the trailer, Amber Ruffin plays a "world-renowned scientist, an accomplished cellist and activist" while Meyers plays "a man who was white while she did it" and needlessly intercedes in moments that show Ruffin's character showcasing her accomplishments.
During a speech, for instance, Meyers adjusts her mic: "Her mic was too high, but I fixed it," he explains to the audience, seeking praise. At a bar, when Ruffin is about to stand up against a segregationist policy, Meyers interrupts her and says "Hey, she's with me." While she's writing a complicated equation, Meyers tells her she should do something with her talents. Ruffin responds, "I'm your boss."
"It's about all the things that white people love in movies about racism," a voiceover states of White Savior. For instance, "One man is so cartoonishly racist that other racists watch this movie and say: 'Well, at least I'm not that racist.'" | 2024-01-17T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/9226 |
We use cookies to ensure we give you the best experience on our website. You can find out about our cookies and how to disable cookies in our Privacy Policy. If you continue to use this website without disabling cookies, we will assume you are happy to receive them. Close.
James Hastings, Head of Construction Futures at Experian, began by explaining that in the aftermath of the EU referendum, growth forecasts took a big negative hit. Though there has been something of a bounce-back – to 1.3% as of January 2017 – most economic analysts are in agreement that Brexit will have a negative impact in the short term.
In terms of construction, he identified the following vulnerabilities, divided into positive, neutral and negative.
Christopher Tilley, Illegal Working Threat Lead – Deputy Director at the Home Office, gave a briefing on the importance of protecting businesses and supply chains from illegal working.
He started by explaining that access to the labour market is a key pull factor for illegal migration, and emphasised that the exploitation of illegal workers allows unscrupulous employers to undercut competition.
He highlighted the Immigration Act 2016, which included the new offence of illegal working, and also made it possible to prosecute rogue landlords and agents who repeatedly fail to carry out right to rent checks.
The Home Office branch of Immigration Enforcement have the power to close sites for 48 hours and issue compliance orders for up to 12 months. They can also issue civil penalties of up to £20,000 per illegal worker.
A plan to deliver the additional 200,000 homes Crossrail 2 will support.
The capital costs are now forecast at £31.2 billion, using 2014 prices and including a 66% ‘optimism bias’, which Neather claimed was tougher than that applied to HS2. The biggest cost is the stations (£9bn) and on-network works (£5.5bn). | 2024-03-13T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/9285 |
using System;
namespace Dev2.Common.Interfaces
{
public interface IDeletedFileMetadata
{
bool IsDeleted { get; set; }
Guid ResourceId { get; set; }
bool ShowDependencies { get; set; }
bool ApplyToAll { get; set; }
bool DeleteAnyway { get; set; }
}
} | 2024-03-20T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/5645 |
Which is the second biggest value? (a) -1 (b) -189947 (c) 6/11
a
What is the second biggest value in 2304, -0.04, 4/277?
4/277
What is the fourth biggest value in 5, 2/15, 1843, 102, -3?
2/15
What is the second smallest value in 22, 4/9, 2/259, 429?
4/9
What is the fourth smallest value in 138, -19, -209/31, 0.2?
138
Which is the second smallest value? (a) -5 (b) 0.1 (c) 89 (d) 0.0245 (e) -91
a
Which is the smallest value? (a) 2 (b) 1/3 (c) 0.0542 (d) 27.901
c
Which is the second biggest value? (a) -56 (b) -2/17 (c) -1/6 (d) -1.081 (e) -3 (f) 7
b
Which is the third smallest value? (a) -57.8 (b) -24 (c) -4.6
c
Which is the third biggest value? (a) 0.2 (b) 67 (c) -8128 (d) -0.4 (e) -3 (f) 3/2
a
Which is the fourth smallest value? (a) -0.056237 (b) 0.5 (c) 141/5 (d) 0.2
c
Which is the sixth smallest value? (a) 0.3 (b) 5/6 (c) -742 (d) 32 (e) 0.01 (f) 0.2
d
Which is the smallest value? (a) 4 (b) -0.019 (c) -13.365
c
Which is the fourth biggest value? (a) -23774 (b) 2 (c) -0.21 (d) -2/13
a
What is the biggest value in -2/13, 18, 3/4, 3, -1/2, 10.8, -0.2?
18
What is the third biggest value in 275202, -28, 0?
-28
What is the fourth biggest value in -2/3, 0.088, 3/37, -3/4, -0.3, 1/3, -318?
-0.3
What is the fourth biggest value in 2/19, 1, 42, 111299, -0.4?
2/19
Which is the sixth biggest value? (a) -0.06 (b) 2 (c) 50 (d) -5 (e) -2/7 (f) -1 (g) -25/3
d
What is the second biggest value in 659, -2, 4, 0.4, -3, -0.2, -4/61?
4
Which is the second biggest value? (a) 0.06 (b) 2 (c) 35/66
c
What is the sixth smallest value in -583/8, 0.1, 4, -0.3, 0.2, -2?
4
What is the fourth biggest value in -18, -2/151, -2/505, -3?
-18
What is the second biggest value in -0.3, 22, 2/1128827?
2/1128827
What is the third biggest value in -34, -3, 0.1, -0.020951?
-3
What is the smallest value in 2, 4, 5, -511306?
-511306
What is the biggest value in -1303.3, 1/2, -56?
1/2
What is the second biggest value in -1.6, -17271, -0.0238?
-1.6
Which is the fifth smallest value? (a) -8 (b) -1651 (c) -2/5 (d) 6 (e) 0.2 (f) -0.5
e
Which is the fourth biggest value? (a) 5 (b) -0.1 (c) -5 (d) -37 (e) -13
e
What is the seventh biggest value in 10, -76, 1/2, 1, 0.1, -0.03, 43?
-76
Which is the fifth biggest value? (a) 2/33 (b) -2/7 (c) 0.6 (d) -3/4 (e) 2/9 (f) -863
d
Which is the fifth smallest value? (a) 2/9 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d) 0.8 (e) 0.2 (f) 3701 (g) -5
c
What is the sixth biggest value in -0.08, -1/46, 212, -3, 4, 1?
-3
What is the second biggest value in -2/9, 9.53, -65, 617?
9.53
Which is the sixth smallest value? (a) 0.3 (b) -1/3 (c) 3 (d) -37350 (e) -5/7 (f) -1
c
Which is the third biggest value? (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) -30 (d) 9 (e) -425.68
a
What is the fourth biggest value in 1941, -0.4, -12, 0.3, 0, -0.74?
-0.4
Which is the biggest value? (a) 6 (b) 318876 (c) 0.138 (d) -4
b
Which is the biggest value? (a) 15 (b) -0.5 (c) 4/3 (d) 38 (e) 0.05 (f) 10/7 (g) 0.2
d
What is the fourth smallest value in -3, 38, 5, -12161, 17?
17
What is the second smallest value in -0.1, 5684, 3388, -0.08?
-0.08
Which is the smallest value? (a) -352/3 (b) -6 (c) -4 (d) 277/4
a
Which is the third smallest value? (a) -4 (b) 1752.6 (c) -8 (d) -0.23 (e) 2/5 (f) 2/11 (g) -0.3
g
Which is the second biggest value? (a) -3 (b) -2 (c) 7055 (d) 3 (e) 0.5 (f) 5/3
d
What is the third smallest value in 0, -5/41, -0.23, -4, -0.75?
-0.23
Which is the fourth smallest value? (a) -13 (b) 0.543 (c) -6/11 (d) -2/3 (e) -5
c
What is the fifth smallest value in 10/43, 5, 0.3, -13, -8/3?
5
Which is the fourth biggest value? (a) -2/2097 (b) -4 (c) 2/7 (d) 2.3 (e) 3
a
What is the fourth smallest value in 0.112, -10, 33, 132/7?
33
What is the second biggest value in -206, 147, 115?
115
Which is the fifth smallest value? (a) -12/7 (b) 1 (c) 26 (d) -0.5 (e) -3 (f) -56/33 (g) 0.2
g
Which is the sixth smallest value? (a) 3/5 (b) 7 (c) -0.1 (d) 21.2 (e) -6 (f) 15
d
Which is the second biggest value? (a) -0.4 (b) 2 (c) 0.1 (d) -261 (e) -13
c
What is the third biggest value in 0.1, -0.1, 0.65, -0.27, -3/13?
-0.1
What is the third biggest value in -62, 0.14, -3, 3/25, 3/2?
3/25
What is the fourth biggest value in 119/3, -2965, 2/7, -6, -0.3?
-6
Which is the fifth smallest value? (a) 6/5 (b) -0.5 (c) 1 (d) 16/5 (e) -47
d
What is the fourth smallest value in -32, 266, 0.1, -4/81?
266
Which is the third biggest value? (a) 0.07 (b) -3547 (c) 2 (d) 0.06 (e) 0.83
a
What is the third smallest value in -0.4, -12/11, 3, -2/10863, 3/8, 0.12?
-2/10863
Which is the sixth biggest value? (a) -307 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 3 (e) 2/173 (f) -2/5
a
What is the biggest value in 1, 11/3, 94, 3/49, 1/7, 4, -0.3?
94
What is the second biggest value in 0.221, -361, 3/20, -3?
3/20
Which is the seventh smallest value? (a) 1/4 (b) -0.1 (c) -36481 (d) 0.4 (e) -2 (f) 2/7 (g) 1/2
g
What is the fourth biggest value in 1/3, -3.09, -1, -0.04, 54/13?
-1
What is the second smallest value in -41.80476, -8, -0.4?
-8
Which is the smallest value? (a) -4 (b) -0.1642 (c) -8/5 (d) 426 (e) -0.3
a
What is the biggest value in -1.6, -50/7, 138, 5?
138
What is the second smallest value in -4, 3, 5, -0.4, 182288?
-0.4
Which is the biggest value? (a) 1535 (b) 5 (c) 69166
c
What is the smallest value in -14610/7, -2, 0.4, 9?
-14610/7
What is the fifth biggest value in -2, 11, -5259, 0.1, -2/7?
-5259
Which is the third biggest value? (a) 1/3 (b) 8 (c) 5 (d) -3 (e) 4678
c
Which is the sixth smallest value? (a) 0.2 (b) -2/25 (c) 3 (d) 0.4 (e) -0.13 (f) -31 (g) 37
c
Which is the third smallest value? (a) 2/721 (b) 1/17 (c) -193838 (d) 0
a
Which is the third smallest value? (a) -247 (b) -2 (c) 1 (d) -1/29 (e) 4 (f) 555 (g) 5
d
What is the fourth biggest value in 492, 3, 0.4, -4.772, 1/10, -1, -5?
1/10
What is the third biggest value in -5, 0.4, 0.6, -0.139, -1.2, 0?
0
Which is the fourth smallest value? (a) 0.0498 (b) -4 (c) 4/3 (d) -45127
c
What is the second smallest value in -3, 71, -142/15, 11/10?
-3
What is the second biggest value in -18, 0.8, -15350?
-18
What is the second biggest value in -12865, -0.5, 8?
-0.5
What is the second biggest value in -2/9, 0.1, -919, -37, 0.3, 2?
0.3
Which is the third smallest value? (a) -4/9 (b) 2720 (c) 34/7
b
What is the biggest value in -166/78681, 0.5, 1?
1
Which is the seventh smallest value? (a) -1/7 (b) 32 (c) 4 (d) -10 (e) -7 (f) -2/3 (g) -208
b
What is the seventh biggest value in -6/5, -2, 2, 8, 5, -2/17, -10?
-10
What is the fifth smallest value in -401, 22, -1/3, 0.3, 4, -1/4?
4
Which is the fourth smallest value? (a) 910 (b) 1.3 (c) 0.64 (d) 2 (e) -2/17
d
What is the biggest value in 0, -0.12, 0.7, -2, -2711, 2/7?
0.7
What is the fifth biggest value in 3.2653, 2, 0.036, -4, 1/7?
-4
What is the second biggest value in -1113, 1.55, 57, -4?
1.55
Which is the second biggest value? (a) 11 (b) -20.5198 (c) 1/6 (d) 12
a
Which is the second biggest value? (a) 21 (b) -1.91 (c) 3 (d) -1
c
What is the third biggest value in 25, -684341, 0?
-684341
What is the biggest value in -18, 4, 29612, 1?
29612
What is the fifth biggest value in 5, -0.5, -0.3, -228, 0.09, -10, 2?
-0.5
Which is the biggest value? (a) -0.01024 (b) 49 (c) 862/9
c
What is the biggest value in 576.9, -0.164, 6/7?
576.9
What is the smallest value in 43.39455, -47, -2/11?
-47
What is the second smallest value in -9.9, -5, -690, -125, -3?
-125
Which is the smallest value? (a) 0.4 (b) 10511 (c) 5 (d) -2/11 (e) -3 (f) -0.3
e
What is the biggest value in 5, -91, 3124?
3124
What is the third biggest value in 30, -0.35, 5, 1/6, 2/5?
2/5
Which is the third smallest value? (a) -3 (b) 10 (c) -5 (d) 8440 (e) -4
a
Which is the fourth biggest value? (a) -824 (b) 168 (c) 0.1 (d) -1 (e) 4
d
What is the fourth smallest value in 29/95, -0.05, 308, 2/7?
308
Which is the third smallest value? (a) -3 (b) -2486607 (c) 0.5
c
What is the biggest value in -3, -23198.19, -0.039?
-0.039
What is the smallest value in 2/19, 310/26313, -3?
-3
Which is the fourth smallest value? (a) 0 (b) -9/2 (c) -66 (d) -108 (e) 3/7
a
Which is the fourth smallest value? (a) 7/33 (b) -1/5 (c) 3 | 2024-07-21T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/7442 |
Introduction {#cesec10}
============
Since a cluster of pneumonia cases arising from unknown causes was first reported in Wuhan (Hubei province, China) in December, 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread worldwide. As of Aug 5, 2020, there are more than 18 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and over 690 000 deaths.[@bib1]
Children and adolescents make up a small proportion of COVID-19 cases. National statistics from countries in Asia, Europe, and North America show that paediatric cases account for 2·1--7·8% of confirmed COVID-19 cases.[@bib2], [@bib3], [@bib4], [@bib5] However, because of asymptomatic infections, the underdiagnosis of clinically silent or mild cases (typically occurring in younger people), and the availability, validity, and targeted strategies of current testing methods (eg, viral testing instead of serological testing), there is still uncertainty about the actual disease burden among children and adolescents. Although the manifestations of the disease are generally milder in children than in adults, a small proportion of children require hospitalisation and intensive care.[@bib6], [@bib7]
In the past 3 months, there have been increasing reports from Europe, North America, Asia, and Latin America describing children and adolescents with COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory conditions, which seem to develop after the infection rather than during the acute stage of COVID-19. The clinical features of these paediatric cases are both similar and distinct from other well described inflammatory syndromes in children, including Kawasaki disease, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome.[@bib8], [@bib9], [@bib10], [@bib11], [@bib12], [@bib13], [@bib14], [@bib15], [@bib16], [@bib17], [@bib18], [@bib19], [@bib20], [@bib21], [@bib22], [@bib23], [@bib24], [@bib25], [@bib26], [@bib27], [@bib28], [@bib29], [@bib30], [@bib31], [@bib32], [@bib33], [@bib34], [@bib35], [@bib36] This COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents is referred to interchangeably as paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19, and herein is referred to as MIS-C. MIS-C can lead to shock and multiple organ failure requiring intensive care. The European and US Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Australian Government Department of Health, and WHO have released scientific briefs or advisories for MIS-C in response to this emerging challenge.[@bib6], [@bib9], [@bib37], [@bib38]
Much remains unknown regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical spectrum, and long-term outcomes of MIS-C. In this Review, we critically appraise and summarise the available evidence to provide insights into current clinical practice and implications for future research directions.
Case definitions and clinical spectrum {#cesec20}
======================================
Different terminology and case definitions for this COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory phenotype in children are used depending on the country and region. An internationally accepted case definition for MIS-C is still evolving. The UK has used PIMS-TS as their preliminary case definition for this disease, with criteria that include clinical manifestations (eg, persistent inflammation), organ dysfunction, SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing, which might be positive or negative, and exclusion of any other microbial cause.[@bib9], [@bib39] The US CDC case definition is based on clinical presentation, evidence of severe illness and multisystem (two or more) organ involvement, no plausible alternative diagnoses, and a positive test for current or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 exposure within 4 weeks before the onset of symptoms.[@bib37] WHO has developed a similar preliminary case definition and a case report form for multisystem inflammatory disorder in children and adolescents. This case definition for MIS-C includes clinical presentation, elevated markers of inflammation, evidence of infection or contact with patients who have COVID-19, and exclusion of other obvious microbial causes of inflammation ([table 1](#tbl1){ref-type="table"} ).[@bib6] Table 1Preliminary case definitions for MIS-C**MIS-C associated with COVID-19PIMS-TSMIS-C associated with COVID-19Complete Kawasaki diseaseIncomplete Kawasaki diseaseKawasaki disease shock syndrome**Organisation or publicationWHO[@bib6]Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health[@bib39]US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[@bib37]American Heart Association[@bib40]American Heart Association[@bib40]Kanegaye et al,[@bib41]Age0--19 yearsChild (age not specified)\<21 yearsChild (age not specified)Child (age not specified)Child (age not specified)InflammationFever and elevated inflammatory markers for 3 days or moreFever and elevated inflammatory markersFever and elevated inflammatory markersFever lasting 5 days or more[\*](#tbl1fn1){ref-type="table-fn"}Fever lasting 5 days or more[\*](#tbl1fn1){ref-type="table-fn"}FeverMain featuresTwo of the following: (A) rash or bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis or mucocutaneous inflammation signs (oral, hands, or feet); (B) hypotension or shock; (C) features of myocardial dysfunction, pericarditis, valvulitis, or coronary abnormalities (including echocardiogram findings or elevated troponin or N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide); (D) evidence of coagulopathy (elevated prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and elevated D-dimers); and (E) acute gastrointestinal problems (diarrhoea, vomiting, or abdominal pain)Single or multiple organ dysfunction (shock or respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, or neurological disorder; additional features [(appendix 6 pp 3--4)](#sec1){ref-type="sec"}Clinically severe illness requiring hospitalisation; and multisystem (two or more) organ involvement (cardiac, renal, respiratory, haematological, gastrointestinal, dermatological, or neurological)Four or more principal clinical features: (A) erythema and cracking of lips, strawberry tongue or oral and pharyngeal mucosa; (B) bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection without exudate; (C) rash; (D) erythema and oedema of the hands and feet in acute phase and periungual desquamation in subacute phase; and (E) cervical lymphadenopathyTwo or three principal clinical features or a positive echocardiogramKawasaki disease-like clinical features and any of the following causing initiation of volume expansion, vasoactive agents, or transfer to the intensive care unit: systolic hypotension based on age, or a decrease in systolic blood pressure from baseline by 20% or more, or clinical signs of poor perfusionExclusionOther microbial cause of inflammationAny other microbial causeOther plausible alternative diagnoses\....Other microbial causeSARS-CoV-2 statusPositive RT-PCR, antigen test, or serology; or any contact with patients with COVID-19RT-PCR positive or negativePositive RT-PCR, serology, or antigen test; or COVID-19 exposure within the past 4 weeks before symptom onset\...\...[^2][^3]
Key messages•Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in children are generally mild and non-fatal, there is increasing recognition of a paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2, also known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19, herein referred to as MIS-C, which can lead to serious illness and long-term side-effects•Clinical and laboratory features of MIS-C are similar to those of Kawasaki disease, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome, but the disorder has some distinct features, and it needs a clear clinical and pathophysiological definition•MIS-C might be distinct from Kawasaki disease, with features including an age at onset of more than 7 years, a higher proportion of African or Hispanic children affected, and diffuse cardiovascular involvement suggestive of a generalised immune-mediated disease•Pathophysiology of MIS-C is still unclear and possible mechanisms include antibody or T-cell recognition of self-antigens (viral mimicry of the host) resulting in autoantibodies, antibody or T-cell recognition of viral antigens expressed on infected cells, formation of immune complexes which activate inflammation, and viral superantigen sequences which activate host immune cells•Most cases of MIS-C associated with COVID-19 were managed following the standard protocols for Kawasaki disease, with inotropic or vasoactive agents often required in patients with cardiac dysfunction and hypotension and anticoagulation also used frequently; clinical research is required to prove the effectiveness and safety of these treatments•The medium-term to long-term outcomes of MIS-C, such as the sequelae of coronary artery aneurysm formation, remain unknown and close follow-up is important
Cases reported in the past 3 months, which met the current diagnostic criteria, most likely represent a small proportion of MIS-C cases, and those individuals were severely affected by the illness. A broader UK definition of MIS-C describes this illness as a spectrum ranging from persistent fever and inflammation, to characteristic features of Kawasaki disease in children, and to children who are severely ill with shock and multiple organ failure.[@bib39], [@bib40] In the study by Dufort and colleagues,[@bib21] a third of the reported cases did not meet the US CDC case definition for MIS-C but presented with similar clinical and laboratory features to those seen in confirmed cases.
Despite overlap in clinical presentation, the initially speculated relationship between MIS-C and toxic shock syndrome seems implausible because most MIS-C cases had negative blood cultures ([appendix 6 pp 3--4](#sec1){ref-type="sec"}); thus, there is no evidence that staphylococcal or streptococcal toxins are involved in the cause of MIS-C. However, studies to exclude infection with superantigen-producing organisms are scarce. Overlap has also been observed between the diagnostic criteria of Kawasaki disease, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, and the newly emerged MIS-C. According to criteria developed by the American Heart Association,[@bib42] the diagnosis of complete Kawasaki disease includes the presence of a high fever for 5 days or more and at least four of the five principle clinical features, whereas incomplete Kawasaki disease is diagnosed when children present with unexplained fever for 5 days or more and two to three of the principle clinical features supported by laboratory findings or cardiac lesions ([table 1](#tbl1){ref-type="table"}).
Kawasaki disease shock syndrome is a severe form of Kawasaki disease,[@bib41] defined as complete or incomplete Kawasaki disease complicated by haemodynamic instability, resulting in the patient requiring intensive care, without evidence of another bacterial infection such as group A streptococcus or staphylococcus. The cause and factors contributing to the development of Kawasaki disease shock syndrome are still unclear, but a contributory role for underlying inflammation and more intense vasculitis has been suggested on the basis of laboratory results, progression, and the disease outcome.[@bib43], [@bib44], [@bib45], [@bib46], [@bib47] Researchers have suggested several possible explanations for Kawasaki disease shock syndrome including a superantigen-mediated response,[@bib48] overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines,[@bib49] and gut bacteria involvement.[@bib50] A large number of MIS-C cases present with Kawasaki-like clinical symptoms, and cardiac impairment and shock similar to Kawasaki disease shock syndrome. Gastrointestinal symptoms, hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, and intravenous immunoglobulin resistance are also common in Kawasaki disease shock syndrome and MIS-C ([appendix 6 pp 3--4](#sec1){ref-type="sec"}).
Although features of MIS-C overlap with those of Kawasaki disease, a study from Whittaker and colleagues[@bib18] found a wider spectrum of MIS-C symptoms. Despite differences in severity, coronary aneurysms have occurred in all three groups of patients, including those with shock, those who meet the criteria for Kawasaki disease, and those with fever and inflammation but who do not have shock or meet the criteria for Kawasaki disease. In addition to a wider clinical spectrum, there are several other distinct features of MIS-C compared with Kawasaki disease, including the age and ethnic groups affected. Patients with MIS-C are typically older than 7 years, of African or Hispanic origin, and show greater elevation of inflammatory markers.[@bib10], [@bib13], [@bib15], [@bib18] Over 80% of patients with MIS-C also present with an unusual cardiac injury shown by high concentrations of troponin and brain natriuretic peptide, whereas others develop arrhythmia, left ventricle dysfunction, and unusual coronary dilatation or aneurysms ([appendix 6 pp 3--4](#sec1){ref-type="sec"}).[@bib10], [@bib12], [@bib13], [@bib15], [@bib16], [@bib17], [@bib18], [@bib19]
Blondiaux and colleagues[@bib28] examined cardiac MRI findings in four patients who had MIS-C with cardiovascular involvement, and found a diffuse myocardial oedema on T2-weighted short-tau inversion recovery sequences and native T1 mapping, with no evidence of late gadolinium enhancement suggestive of replacement fibrosis or focal necrosis. These findings favour the hypothesis of an immune response to an antigen rather than a direct complication secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
COVID-19 causes and link with MIS-C {#cesec30}
===================================
Risk factors for developing severe disease among children infected with SARS-CoV-2 include age, viral load, and chronic comorbidities.[@bib51], [@bib52], [@bib53] There is a U-shaped curve of severity in children diagnosed with COVID-19, and babies younger than 1 year are at a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19,[@bib54] although these infections are infrequent. After the first year of life, most younger patients appear to be asymptomatic or have milder symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection.[@bib4], [@bib55], [@bib56] Data suggest a genetic locus is partly associated with more severe disease,[@bib57] and some ethnic groups (eg, African) might have a strong association with MIS-C.[@bib13], [@bib31], [@bib33]
The relationship between coronaviruses and multisystem inflammatory diseases, such as Kawasaki disease, has been studied previously. Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis in children and one of the leading causes of childhood-acquired heart disease.[@bib58] Although its exact cause remains unknown, Kawasaki disease is thought to be triggered by a response to an infectious agent in genetically predisposed individuals, and research has focused on identifying host factors and specific triggers associated with the development of Kawasaki disease. Coronaviruses have a large genome, which might explain the varied pathogenicity and ability to affect multiple organs. In 2005, Esper and colleagues[@bib59] reported a possible association of the New Haven coronavirus (previously identified as HCoV-NL63) with Kawasaki disease. However, five subsequent studies[@bib60], [@bib61], [@bib62], [@bib63], [@bib64] showed negative results for this association. The results from newer studies remain inconclusive.[@bib65], [@bib66], [@bib67] A South Korean study[@bib65] from 2012, did not find a significant association between coronavirus strains OC43, 229E, and NL63 and Kawasaki disease. However, a Japanese study[@bib66] published in 2014 found possible involvement of strain 229E in Kawasaki disease, but not strain NL63. Another South Korean study[@bib67] from 2014 showed a non-significant correlation between monthly Kawasaki disease occurrence and monthly coronavirus infection.
In the current COVID-19 pandemic, there have been increasing observations of an inflammatory illness occurring in children; most reports were 4--6 weeks after the peak of COVID-19 infections in the affected population.[@bib22], [@bib68] On April 7, 2020, Jones and colleagues[@bib8] first reported a case of a 6-month-old infant in the USA, presenting with persistent fever and minor respiratory symptoms, who was diagnosed with Kawasaki disease and had a positive RT-PCR result for SARS-CoV-2. On April 24, 2020, the UK National Health Service had issued an alert on an emerging paediatric inflammatory multisystem disorder. On May 1, 2020, the UK Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health published guidance[@bib39] on the clinical management of children with MIS-C and proposed a case definition. Since then, several other countries have reported that the multisystem inflammatory disease temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection ([appendix 6 pp 1--2](#sec1){ref-type="sec"}).
COVID-19 pathophysiology and link with MIS-C {#cesec40}
============================================
Coronaviruses are a large family of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. There are four described genera of coronaviruses (α, β, δ, and γ).[@bib69] Six species of human coronaviruses are known, with one species subdivided into two different strains. The β coronavirus genus includes SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome. SARS-CoV-2, similarly to other coronaviruses, is transmitted between humans primarily through close contact with the infected individual or through contaminated surfaces---eg, dispersing droplets when coughing or sneezing. The virus enters a cell mainly by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which is highly expressed in lung cells, alveolar cells, cardiac myocytes, the vascular endothelium, and a small subset of immune cells.[@bib70], [@bib71], [@bib72], [@bib73], [@bib74] The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is still being studied. Evidence has shown that a dysregulated innate immune response and a subsequent cytokine storm,[@bib70], [@bib74], [@bib75], [@bib76], [@bib77], [@bib78], [@bib79], [@bib80] and endothelial damage,[@bib81], [@bib82] might play a role in the clinical manifestation of severe COVID-19 cases, leading to acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ failure.
Neutrophils play a major role in the innate immune response. One of their functional mechanisms is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).[@bib83] NETs are a lattice-like web of cell-free DNA, histones, and neutrophil granule content including microbicidal proteins and enzymes. NETs have been involved in the pathophysiology of a wide range of inflammatory and prothrombotic states such as sepsis, thrombosis, and respiratory failure. The generation of NETs by neutrophils, called NETosis, can be stimulated by many viruses. Although their major function is to trap the virus, virus-induced NETs can trigger inflammatory and immunological reactions in an uncontrolled manner, leading to an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response,[@bib84] similar to hyperinflammation seen in MIS-C. Zuo and colleagues[@bib85] have shown that NETs are increased in the plasma of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, and higher concentrations of NETs are seen in those with respiratory failure. Thrombotic complications have been reported in severe COVID-19 cases. Abnormal coagulopathy (eg, elevated D-dimer or fibrinogen) has also been observed in many cases of MIS-C. NETosis plays a crucial part in promoting thrombosis;[@bib86], [@bib87], [@bib88] therefore, the role of NETs in MIS-C is highly plausible. Although NETosis might be an important mechanism linking neutrophil activation, cytokine release, and thrombosis in COVID-19, they have not yet been reported to be involved in MIS-C.
Children form only a small portion of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Most children have had minor symptoms or an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.[@bib4], [@bib55], [@bib56] Unlike in adults, severe respiratory illness such as acute respiratory distress syndrome is rare in children. The newly emerging MIS-C might lead to severe clinical manifestations; however, its distinct characteristics are different from other severe complications seen in paediatric COVID-19 cases. First, MIS-C cases start appearing around 1 month after a COVID-19 peak in the population. According to data from Public Health England, the number of MIS-C cases increased drastically around April 16, 2020, approximately 4 weeks after the substantial increase in COVID-19 cases in the UK ([figure 1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"} ).[@bib89] Epidemiological studies from the USA[@bib22] and France[@bib68] revealed similar trends. Second, children often show previous rather than a current infection with SARS-CoV-2. Only a third of reported MIS-C cases are positive by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, whereas most cases are positive with an antibody test, indicating past infection. The delay in presentation of this condition relative to the pandemic curve, a low proportion of cases who were SARS-CoV-2 positive by RT-PCR, and a high proportion who were antibody positive suggest that this inflammatory syndrome is not mediated by direct viral invasion but coincides with the development of acquired immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.Figure 1Time course of MIS-C in PCR-positive COVID-19 casesOnly incudes PCR-positive cases in London, UK. Data taken from Public Health England.[@bib89] Figure courtesy of Alasdair Bamford and Myrsini Kaforou. MIS-C=multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. SARS-CoV-2=severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Selva and colleagues[@bib90] compared the antibodies produced by children and adults against coronavirus proteins and found marked differences between the antibody responses in patients with COVID-19. The varying responses were linked to different Fcγ receptor binding properties and antibody subgroup concentrations. Although studies in patients with MIS-C are needed, these research findings suggest that differences in antibody response might contribute to the hyperinflammatory response seen in adults with COVID-19. Considering the similarities between the adult hyperinflammatory response and MIS-C, antibodies might play a role in both conditions. In a preprint study, Gruber and colleagues[@bib91] have reported that patients with MIS-C had neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, which are associated with interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-16 activation, myeloid chemotaxis, and activation of lymphocytes, monocytes, and natural killer cells. Upregulation of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and Fc-γ receptor 1 on neutrophils and macrophages suggests enhanced antigen presentation and Fc-mediated responses. Gruber and colleagues[@bib91] also reported the presence of autoantibodies against endothelial, gastrointestinal, and immune cells in patients with MIS-C.
Antibodies to SARS-CoV might accentuate disease through antibody-dependent enhancement of viral entry and amplification of viral replication, as observed in dengue,[@bib92], [@bib93], [@bib94] or by triggering a host inflammatory response through the formation of immune complexes or direct anti-tissue antibody activation or cellular activation, or both. Similar mechanisms might be involved in the inflammatory disorder associated with SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is not usually detected in patients with MIS-C; thus the antibody-dependent enhancement of inflammation is more likely to occur through an acquired immune response rather than increased viral replication. Anti-spike antibodies against SARS-CoV have been shown to accentuate inflammation in primates and in human macrophages;[@bib95] therefore, the anti-spike antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 might also be able to trigger inflammation through a similar mechanism ([figure 2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"} ). Hoepel and colleagues[@bib96] have reported, in a preprint study, that immune complexes generated by linking patient anti-spike antibodies with spike protein cause macrophage activation, which supports the proposed mechanism for SARS-CoV-2.Figure 2Possible mechanisms of inflammatory processes for MIS-CAntibodies might enhance disease by increasing viral entry into cells. Alternative mechanisms include antibody or T-cell-mediated cell damage or activation of inflammation. Antibodies or T cells attack cells expressing viral antigens or attack host antigens which cross-react or mimic viral antigens. The low rate of virus detection in MIS-C would favour this second mechanism rather than the classic antibody-dependent enhancement. ACE2=angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. DAG=diacylglycerol. FcγR=Fc-gamma receptor. IL=interleukin. MCP=monocyte chemoattractant protein. MIS-C=multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. MIP=macrophage inflammatory protein. PIK3=phosphoinositide 3 kinase. PKC=protein kinase C. PLCγ=phospholipase C gamma. SARS-CoV-2=severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. SYK=tyrosine protein kinase SYK. TMPRSS2=transmembrane serine protease 2. TNF=tumour necrosis factor.
The inflammatory disorders triggered by SARS-CoV-2 have features similar to Kawasaki disease and can also result in coronary aneurysms. This finding suggests that the virus might be acting as the immune trigger and causing a similar immune-mediated injury to the heart and coronary arteries as the one seen in Kawasaki disease. Immune complexes have been well documented in Kawasaki disease,[@bib97], [@bib98], [@bib99], [@bib100] and might mediate vascular injury by activation of inflammatory responses through the Fc-γ receptor or complement activation. This theory is supported by the fact that genetic variants associated with Kawasaki disease include *FCGR2A*, B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase, and the CD40 ligand gene,[@bib101], [@bib102], [@bib103] which are genes involved in antibody production or clearance of immune complexes. The development of T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 might also play a role in organ damage and inflammatory processes since increased T-cell responses were seen in Kawasaki disease. Genetic variants in the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate 3-kinase C (*ITPKC*) gene, regulating T-cell activation,[@bib104] are associated with increased susceptibility to Kawasaki disease, and treatment with cyclosporin, which works by lowering T-cell activity, might have beneficial effects in the treatment of Kawasaki disease.[@bib105]
The possible mechanisms for an acquired immune response to accentuate SARS-CoV-2 include: (1) antibody or T-cell recognition of self-antigens (viral mimicry of the host) resulting in autoantibodies; (2) antibody or T-cell recognition of viral antigens expressed on infected cells; (3) formation of immune complexes which activate inflammation; and (4) viral superantigen sequences which activate host immune cells.[@bib106]
Management of MIS-C {#cesec50}
===================
To date, there are no widely accepted guidelines on the management of MIS-C, but several organisations have published their own guidelines ([table 2](#tbl2){ref-type="table"} ). Physicians at various centres have created treatment protocols based on specific symptoms, previous treatment of similar conditions such as Kawasaki disease, or COVID-19 treatment guidelines for adult patients. If MIS-C is suspected or diagnosed, a multidisciplinary team approach should be taken, including a paediatric infectious diseases unit, and cardiology, immunology, rheumatology, and intensive care unit teams to consider antiviral therapy (if PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2) or immunotherapy, or both. General supportive care is crucial, especially attention to vital signs, hydration, electrolytes, and metabolic status. Few children present with respiratory compromise or hypoxia, but they should be closely monitored for potential compromise.Table 2Published guidance on the management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19**Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health**[@bib39]**US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention**[@bib37]Supportive careOnly recommended for mild to moderate disease; discuss early with paediatric intensive care unit and paediatric infectious disease, immunology, and rheumatology team; if clinically deteriorating or in cases of severe disease, discuss transfer with paediatric intensive care unit retrieval teamsFluid resuscitation, inotropic support, respiratory support, and in rare cases, extracorporeal membranous oxygenationDirected care against underlying inflammatory processImmunotherapy should be discussed with a paediatric infectious diseases unit and experienced clinicians on a case-by-case basis and used in the context of a trial if eligible and availableIntravenous immunoglobulin, steroids, aspirin, and anticoagulation treatmentAntiviral therapyShould be given only in the context of a clinical trial and should be discussed at multidisciplinary team meetings with a clinician from an external trust..Antibiotics for sepsis..Given while waiting for bacterial culturesOtherAll children treated as if they have COVID-19 and all should be considered for recruitment in research studies..
Standard protocol for Kawasaki disease {#cesec60}
--------------------------------------
Because many cases met the diagnostic criteria of classic or incomplete Kawasaki disease, most reported MIS-C cases were treated using the standard protocol for Kawasaki disease, which is intravenous immunoglobulin with or without aspirin ([appendix 6 pp 3--4](#sec1){ref-type="sec"}).[@bib8], [@bib9], [@bib10], [@bib11], [@bib12], [@bib13], [@bib14], [@bib15], [@bib16], [@bib17], [@bib18], [@bib19], [@bib20], [@bib21], [@bib22], [@bib23], [@bib24], [@bib25], [@bib26], [@bib27], [@bib28], [@bib29], [@bib30], [@bib31], [@bib32], [@bib33], [@bib34], [@bib35], [@bib36], [@bib107], [@bib108] A large proportion of MIS-C cases (67%) have a similar presentation to Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, mainly shock, so supportive and inotropic or vasoactive treatment should also be applied. Steroids have also been used to treat MIS-C. Because clinical and laboratory features of MIS-C overlap with those of Kawasaki disease, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, and macrophage activation syndromes, patients with severe MIS-C have received immunomodulatory agents such as infliximab (anti-tumour necrosis factor drug),[@bib18], [@bib25] tocilizumab (IL-6 antagonist),[@bib16], [@bib17], [@bib22], [@bib24], [@bib25] and anakinra (IL-1 receptor antagonist),[@bib15], [@bib17], [@bib18], [@bib20], [@bib22], [@bib24], [@bib25], [@bib26], [@bib27] which have been shown to be effective in similar diseases. There is no consensus on which of these agents is optimal, and the choice of drug is dependent on clinician preference, cytokine panel results, and availability. Randomised clinical trials are needed to establish which treatment is beneficial and effective at preventing or reversing shock and cardiac failure, or the development of coronary artery aneurysms. However, because clinical trials take a long time to complete, an international best available treatment study[@bib109] has been initiated. This study will invite paediatricians to collaborate globally and provide information on the treatment administered to children with inflammatory diseases temporally associated with COVID-19. Propensity score matching will be used to compare the rate of inflammation resolution with other outcomes such as length of hospital stay, overall survival, and frequency and severity of coronary artery aneurysms, which will help to inform the design of randomised trials.
The role of remdesivir and dexamethasone {#cesec70}
----------------------------------------
Remdesivir is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits the action of viral RNA polymerase resulting in the termination of RNA transcription, which decreases viral RNA production and has been shown to shorten COVID-19 illness duration in adults.[@bib110] However, because remdesivir inhibits the actively replicating virus and most children with MIS-C are not in the acute phase of illness and the virus is not detectable by PCR, the role of remdesivir in the treatment of MIS-C is limited. In rare cases in which the PCR test is positive and the child is severely ill, the use of remdesivir could be considered.
The recent UK RECOVERY trial,[@bib111] has shown that dexamethasone might reduce death by a third in patients who are on mechanical ventilation as a result of severe respiratory complications from COVID-19. In line with these new findings, administration of low-dose dexamethasone to patients with MIS-C could be beneficial to suppress the immune response and subsequent inflammatory disorders. Other steroids such as methylprednisolone or prednisolone have become extensively used for MIS-C; thus, prospective clinical trials are needed to identify the role of steroids, the optimal dose, and the appropriate agent.
Treatment for children with hypotension {#cesec80}
---------------------------------------
Many children with MIS-C also present with hypotension. If signs of shock are present, patients should be resuscitated with volume expansion using buffered or balanced crystalloids[@bib112] (ie, Plasma-Lyte B or Ringers lactate) and patients should stay under close monitoring. Hypotension in children with MIS-C is often fluid resistant and vasopressors should be added if necessary. Epinephrine is recommended as the first-line treatment for children and norepinephrine is added if the shock persists. Using dobutamine has also been suggested in patients with severe myocardial dysfunction, because of its selective inotropic effect.[@bib17], [@bib113] Because some patients might have severe myocardial dysfunction, caution is needed to avoid fluid overload. Initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics is also appropriate because the clinical presentation (eg, high C-reactive protein, increased neutrophils) makes it difficult to exclude bacterial infection; however, antibiotic treatment should be stopped once the infection has been excluded and the patient is improving. Most children with MIS-C do not require respiratory support for pulmonary disease; however, some children have required intubation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a result of cardiovascular collapse.[@bib10], [@bib15], [@bib16], [@bib17]
Cardiac monitoring and follow-up {#cesec90}
--------------------------------
The first animal model to support the hypothesis that viruses belonging to the coronavirus family were able to induce acute myocarditis and congestive heart failure was shown in a study in 1992.[@bib114] The heart also appears to be a major target of injury in MIS-C. Many patients present with significantly elevated troponin (80·9%, 95% CI 70·2--88·4) or brain natriuretic peptide (84·9%, 77·3--90·3), or both, which indicates myocardial cell injury, and some patients also develop arrhythmia and left ventricle dysfunction (63·3%, 52·9--72·6).[@bib10], [@bib12], [@bib13], [@bib15], [@bib16], [@bib17], [@bib18], [@bib19] Coronary artery dilatation was observed in 8·9% (95% CI 6·2--12·6) of patients, whereas aneurysm formation was seen in 15·5% (10·9--21·6) of patients at presentation ([figure 3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"} , [appendix 6 pp 3--4](#sec1){ref-type="sec"}), and a smaller proportion have shown persistent coronary artery aneurysms at discharge from hospital.[@bib8], [@bib10], [@bib12], [@bib13], [@bib15], [@bib17], [@bib18], [@bib19] The incidence of coronary artery aneurysms that might develop after discharge from hospital is unknown. Arrhythmia, myocardial injury, or conduction injury have also been detected by an electrocardiogram in some cases of MIS-C.[@bib17], [@bib18] Coronary artery aneurysms have not only been reported in children with severe MIS-C and those with Kawasaki disease, but also in children showing only fever and inflammation;[@bib18] therefore, cardiac assessment and follow-up is essential in all cases. All patients need echocardiographic assessment on presentation and daily electrocardiogram monitoring in severe cases. To establish if coronary artery injury has occurred, follow-up echocardiograms are needed at discharge from hospital and after 2--6 weeks. A cardiac MRI assessment should be considered to investigate whether persistent myocardial damage was induced by a viral infection or mediated by a cytokine storm.[@bib115], [@bib116], [@bib117], [@bib118] However, a cardiac MRI is difficult and time-consuming, especially when young patients are intubated. Given that there are many unknowns about the long-term cardiovascular morbidity in children with MIS-C, a cardiology follow-up is recommended for all cases.Figure 3Pooled meta-analysis of patient characteristics in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19[@bib8], [@bib9], [@bib10], [@bib11], [@bib12], [@bib13], [@bib14], [@bib15], [@bib16], [@bib17], [@bib18], [@bib19], [@bib20], [@bib21], [@bib22], [@bib23], [@bib24], [@bib25], [@bib26], [@bib27], [@bib28], [@bib29], [@bib30], [@bib31], [@bib32], [@bib33], [@bib34], [@bib35], [@bib36]Three case series were not included in the meta-analysis because of the overlap in cases. Cases reported in two studies[@bib34], [@bib35] were also included in the case series reported by Feldstein and colleagues.[@bib22] Cases reported by Riphagen and colleagues[@bib10] were also included in the study by Whittaker and colleagues.[@bib18] The random-effect model is applied.
Coagulopathy prevention and management {#cesec100}
--------------------------------------
A hallmark of COVID-19 in adult and paediatric patients has been the striking coagulopathy. Some patients have developed major vessel thrombosis. Although mechanisms underlying the coagulopathy in COVID-19 are still unknown, anticoagulant therapy (mainly heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin) is currently recommended for patients with severe COVID-19.[@bib17], [@bib18], [@bib19], [@bib56] Many children with MIS-C have elevated D-dimers which, in some institutions, is used as a guide for giving anticoagulants, especially for those with a high concentration of D-dimers. Overall, there is substantial variability and a lack of consensus on anticoagulants. Low-dose aspirin, used in Kawasaki disease, has also been used for MIS-C. In patients who are severely ill with COVID-19-associated inflammatory syndrome and with marked inflammation, raised D-dimers, and a high fibrinogen concentration, anticoagulation therapy and antiplatelet therapy are generally recommended depending on the risk of thrombosis in adults. Dose, duration, and the choice of anticoagulants should be decided during consultation with paediatric haematologists and should be closely monitored throughout the illness. Low-dose aspirin is given until the follow-up echocardiograms exclude persisting coronary artery aneurysms or injury. Further research is needed on the mechanisms and treatment of coagulopathy in COVID-19.
Follow-up after discharge from hospital {#cesec110}
---------------------------------------
Paediatric patients diagnosed with MIS-C often require special care and aggressive treatment; however, most patients have shown favourable outcomes ([appendix 6 pp 1--2](#sec1){ref-type="sec"}). Children can be discharged from hospital once their inflammatory laboratory markers have normalised; they are afebrile, normotensive, and well hydrated; and they do not require supplementary oxygen. Close follow-up is very important because the natural history of MIS-C is still unclear; in most centres the follow-up occurs with the child\'s primary care provider and subspecialists from infectious diseases, rheumatology, cardiology, and haematology. The medium-term to long-term outcomes, such as the sequelae of coronary artery aneurysm formation following MIS-C, remain unknown and represent an important area of future research.
Treatment choices for resource-limited countries {#cesec120}
------------------------------------------------
Cases of MIS-C have also been reported in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).[@bib11], [@bib14] Because many therapeutic agents used to treat MIS-C are unavailable or unaffordable in most LMICs, the choices for immunomodulation are limited. Steroids are a cheap and more accessible option in LMICs, but their potential to induce broad immunosuppression might be hazardous in countries in which tuberculosis and HIV infection are highly prevalent and where diagnostic facilities (to exclude other types of infection) are scarce. Therefore, steroid use needs to be restricted to short-term courses in children who have been hospitalised with MIS-C and who are severely ill. Trials to establish the optimal treatment in high-income countries, that would also include agents which are available and affordable in LMICs, are needed. The ongoing international study comparing the best available treatment depending on clinician preference and drug availability,[@bib109] might provide information on the treatment options available in LMICs.
Conclusion {#cesec130}
==========
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus, and currently only scarce scientific evidence is available to understand its association with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in paediatric patients. Although there has been an increasing number of case reports and case series, the global and population-specific incidence of MIS-C remains unknown, and the causal relationship and pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease and MIS-C remain unclear. Although there is some evidence that the development of MIS-C is a post-viral immunological reaction to COVID-19, understanding of the immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2 remains poor.
There are many questions currently emerging that need to be answered---for example, how the pathophysiology of MIS-C differs from Kawasaki disease, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, and macrophage activation syndromes. Genetic factors are well recognised contributors to Kawasaki disease susceptibility, but it is unknown whether the same or different genetic factors influence MIS-C. Another question is whether patients with fever and inflammation following SARS-CoV-2 infection progress to Kawasaki disease, shock, or organ failure if left untreated. Clinical trials are needed to establish which treatment is optimal and could possibly reverse inflammatory processes and prevent coronary artery aneurysms. Other emerging questions include: whether infection at a different stage of childhood and adolescence influences the severity of disease progression and prognosis; whether there are differences in clinical features or underlying immunology of MIS-C when further stratified by age (neonates, children, and adolescents); and whether MIS-C is associated with an increased risk of medium-term to long-term adverse paediatric outcomes. Importantly, future trials need to investigate whether the pathophysiology and mechanisms for the immune response of MIS-C will help to inform the development of safe and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for use in children.
As the COVID-19 outbreak evolves, the scientific community needs to generate good evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of MIS-C. A recent report[@bib119] from the US CDC describes in detail the clinical characteristics and treatment modalities available for patients with MIS-C in a large case series of the US population. However, epidemiological data using cohort or case-control designs are urgently needed to establish the cause and causality between COVID-19 and MIS-C. Clinical management and potential treatment protocols should be tested in randomised controlled trials or cohort designs to compare clinical outcomes and changes in inflammatory markers. It is also important to understand whether Kawasaki disease-type morbidities, including coronary artery dilatation, occur in patients with MIS-C and how frequently they occur, and whether the use of aspirin or other interventions can reduce this risk and long-term morbidities. Laboratory investigations into the pathophysiological and immunological mechanisms of the disease are urgently needed to provide insights into potential treatment targets and to inform strategies for vaccine development. Finally, with the small number of cases globally, establishing an international research collaboration is vital to rapidly conduct these studies in a coordinated and effective way.
Search strategy and selection criteria {#cesec140}
======================================
References for this Review were identified through searches of PubMed for articles published from Jan 1, 1985, to July 7, 2020, using the Medical Subject Headings terms "SARS virus", "coronavirus", "systemic inflammatory response syndrome", "mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease)", "infant, newborn", "child", "adolescent", and any relevant entry terms and supplementary concepts. Relevant articles and data were also identified through searches in Google Scholar, WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, UK National Health Service, and other websites. Articles resulting from these searches and relevant references cited in those articles were reviewed. Articles published in English were identified and included.
Supplementary Materials {#sec1}
=======================
French translation of the abstract
Chinese translation of the abstract
Arabic translation of the abstract
Spanish translation of the abstract
Russian translation of the abstract
Supplementary appendix 6
Acknowledgments
===============
We thank Rajiv Bahl (Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Health Department, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland) for his comments on the manuscript. We also thank Tyler Vaivada and Yiqian Xin for their contribution in graphic illustration.
ZAB is the guarantor. ZAB conceptualised the paper and established the writing consortium. LJ, KT, and OI developed the first draft under supervision by ZAB. ML wrote the sections on pathophysiology and diagnosis. LJ, KT, ML, OI, SKM, KW, JDK, and ZAB contributed to the writing and the review process.
We declare no competing interests.
[^1]: Contributed equally
[^2]: MIS-C=multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. PIMS-TS=paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2=severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
[^3]: In the presence of four or more principal clinical features, particularly when redness and swelling of the hands and feet are present, the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease can be made with only 4 days of fever.
| 2023-11-24T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/9704 |
Review forex pamm account - Forex heathrow terminal 3
The manager can help funds grow,. Com: Forex Broker | Trading on ECN STP Crypto. Russian retail FX giant Alpari is celebrating the sixth birthday of its PAMM account service which was launched in as the brainchild of FX technology pioneer Dmitry Orlov now CEO of Strategy Store.
In Pure Market our main goal is the Client' s satisfaction so thanks to that we can personalise optimise the offer based on your needs. | FX freelance Brokers who have a license to operate in here, are significantly more trustworthy so in “ all equal” conditions should be preferred by any trader investor. The only difference between an ordinary forex trading account one trader can manage the resources of other traders; unlike in a basic forex. FXPRIMUS Best PAMM Managers List. JAFX ITS OWNERS, AGENTS . I' ve spoken about others before.Forex4You Review – Forex Brokers Reviews & Ratings | DailyForex. Select a PAMM Account for your investment. Items 1 - 20 of 118. This amazing forex robot turned $ 500 into over $ 1 229 975 using only a maximum 5% risk per trade!The Alpari PAMM Account is an investment service that gives investors the chance to make money without trading themselves on Forex and allows managers to earn additional income for managing client funds. Review forex pamm account.
During these six years the investment service has developed is now boasting huge popularity in. Forextime is regulated by CySEC under. GSI Markets a top level trading brokerage providing direct market access for Stocks FX commodities to clients of all account sizes.
3 94 / 100, Xtrade Xtrade Reviews. 1 99 / 100, XM XM Reviews. You' ll achieve the same profits or bear the same losses as the trader you copy over the period you invest. Yes I do comparing the features I think hotforex' s pamm account is pretty. Review; Regulations; Reliability; Trading Platforms; Account Types; Cryptocurrencies Trading; Commissions Withdrawals Options; Bonus , Promotions; Customer Support; Pros , Spreads; Deposits Cons; Conclusion. Do you ever wish that you could trade forex like the big banks and other large institutions? How to create passive income online with PAMM accounts.
An international organization engaged in the resolution of disputes within the financial services industry in the Forex market. FOREXTIME is the forex brand of Trading Point Holdings Ltd.
How Forex PAMM Accounts Work | Investopedia Among those interested in forex trading, PAMM account offers a good alternative without direct involvement. Retail FX brokerage FXPRIMUS has announced the launch of the new PAMM ( Percentage Allocation Management. Among those interested in forex trading, PAMM account offers a good alternative without direct involvement. I have been on a quest since January to bring spring into our home. Walaupun saat ini banyak trader yang serius. Let The Brokers Do All The Marketing For You! However, under current legislation it is almost impossible without certain high qualification for the money manager to get a PAMM account through regulated broker. LiteForex' s PAMM account, which I' m going to talk about here is just one of them. Likuiditas interbank. 4 FXGlobe, 88 / 100 FXGlobe Reviews. Forex brokers benefit from. Mt5), 300 USD / 300. In other words i. The Use of PAMM Accounts in Forex Trading - PaxForex.
Sg i want to start a 5 year portfolio using a pamm account. Akun Kripto untuk margin trading Bitcoin. PAMM LAMM MAM - is it a scam?
There are such thing as a forex journel, but i prefer a pamm. We take a look at the ethos and functionality of the new addition to the firm' s product range. Paula also wants to make money on forex, but doesn' t have time for it.
Binary), 100 USD / 100 EUR / 100 GLD ( akun standard. This system enables the trader to do his normal trading profit from them a share of the profit is divided among all the holders ( investors) of the PAMM manager/ trader.
Filter the list for values you need and make your choice now! PAMM Forex Brokers - Best Forex Brokers offering PAMM. PAMM Accounts | PAMM Account Investment and Fund. A close look at FXPRIMUS new PAMM account for FX portfolio.
Top Performing Forex Robots based on myfxbook live performance results, a detailed comparison between the forex robots profitability. They both bring investors traders together so that investors can use traders' expertise traders can provide a forex managed account service to investors. Money Managers trade Forex accounts of the Investors via PAMM.
Open a trading account Or start by trading with a demo account. This feature allows managers, e.
Hello Will i was told i could make 100% - 500% monthly if i pay mam- pamm to. Currency trading on the international financial Forex market. Before settling on a particular broker we strongly recommend finding the reviews about the offered PAMM accounts , if possible their rating. Alpari' s PAMM six years on: What has been achieved?In other words, a PAMM account allows the fund/ account managers to manage. The Significance of PAMM or ForexCopy Accounts in forex trading.
I invested $ 0 AUD with Hot Forex' s PAMM Account with the second best trader ' VIP TRADING ' I am trying to close my account as the trader has. PAMM system is a unique set of forex accounts used by traders ( the managers) to manage their own funds as well as the joint capital of other investors. Pamm forex kaskus - Carmen Steffens Dan kami informasikan bahwa fitur seperti Zulutrade eToro, Mirror, PAMM, Social Trade, Copy Trader, Sirix Trader ataupun Forex Copy. Lone sneakier Pooh.
JAFX - Trusted Forex Broker Now With 24/ 7 Crypto Trading Don' t trade with money you can' t afford to lose. Read this article and get familiar with the use of PAMM accounts in forex trading. Forex pamm account - LiteForex It has all the essentials of a typical forex trading account and can be operated the same way as a normal trading account.Terbaik, forex deposit fasapay. Tight spreads fast execution come as standard on all our accounts , for peace of mind we operate within a. Fast Connection and Affordable Minimum Deposit Let Experienced Forex Traders Trade for you!
Experienced Forex traders, trade on behalf their clients on multiple accounts. PAMM Percentage Allocation Management Module is a software application used by the forex brokers to enable the forex investors to direct their assets/ money to a specific trader capable of managing one more accounts. Traders can also participate in the PAMM account program all account types use the MT4 platform.
Our unbiased HotForex review will give you the full facts including information about regulation leverage, spreads , account types much more. Top 10 Instaforex PAMM Managers you can safely invest with.
The past performance of any trading system or methodology is not necessarily indicative of future results. Here' s how PAMM accounts work. I am one that always enjoys the feeling of warmth and life in my home decor.
Many forex brokers now offer investors online PAMM accounts in one form or another. However hence for margin trades like forex, all this sophistication comes with its own set of risks traders must be cautious while using managed accounts.
Including detailed CVs qualifications, amount of money managed, numbers of associated investors, positive/ negative reviews, past performances in terms of returns etc. Thank you for the Review, Mun Kam Ng. Get on the waiting list today.
Top brokers that provide MAM pamm accounts, PAMM accounts - BrokerNotes ThinkMarkets scored best in our review of the top brokers for mam which takes into account 120+ factors across eight categories. The module simplifies and secures the relations. Start trading Forex with fast execution & tight ECN spreads, Commodities Today on the powerful MetaTrader 4 ( MT4) platform, Indicies with an Australian Forex. I will tell my friend to buy your robot but you have to know I BECOME A FOREX FUND MANAGER now because your robot your EA.We can create different account types for Introducers Professional Trader Groups that need an Institutional Aggregate Liquidity a selected Pool of Liquidity. OANDA Currency Converter Calculator review by forex trading experts all about OANDA Currency Converter Android app , historical rates For.
Alex is an experienced trader looking for ways to increase his profit. Start Your Global Forex Business With Algo Trading And PAMM Account. Rank Trust Score, Broker Name Reviews. No representation is being made that any account will is likely to achieve profits losses similar to those discussed on this website. The DOOR PAMM has been trading PROFITABLY since. Anyone make money with binary options investopedia 60 Seconds. James wants to make money on forex, but has no experience. Forex brokers reviews are designed to offer an insight into the performance.LiteForex PAMM – Copy Trading as an Alternative Investment. Forex pamm account brokers, Cedar finance binary options complaints Binary options explain Nadex 60 second binary options Best binary options brokers for usa Free binary options indicator software 60 second binary options system review Mt4 with binary options Demo account binary options app Binary options brokers demo account Binary options trading tricks Binary options paysafecard.Fxprimus jakarta fxprimus, fxprimus kaskus, kelebihan fxprimus live chat. PAMM ( Percentage Allocation Management Module) is a trading account operated by a manager, not a trader. Forex managed account or pamm account - www. Forex PAMM accounts - on GuruTrade We would like to remind you that PAMM Forex account is a good way to make big profit thus the selection of the best PAMM Forex brokers requires your utmost attention.
Account Stockholm
Alpari PAMM | Alpari Review. Alpari PAMM Review by professional forex trading managers, all about Alpari PAMM Accounts, finding out how much is Alpari PAMM Minium Deposit, For more information about Alpari Broker you can also visit Alpari review by ForexSQ. com forex trading website, The TopForexBrokers.
com ratings forex.
Forex Bagaimana
Differences between MAM and PAMM accounts - The FX View. Ever wondered what MAM and PAMM accounts are? We explain the differences between PAMM and MAM accounts. Investment in PAMM accounts of PrivateFX – a review of a new life. One of the advantages of the PrivateFX Company, is that it, in fact, accumulated the gathered experience of Forex Trend and supplemented it by its own credibility and work transparency. | 2024-07-30T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/8207 |
---
author: emmab
tags:
- introduction
type: normal
category: tip
links:
- >-
[Why Learn
Python](https://medium.com/datadriveninvestor/5-reasons-why-i-learned-python-and-why-you-should-learn-it-as-well-917f781aea05){website}
- >-
[Python
OOP](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/object-oriented-programming){website}
---
# Why learn Python?
---
## Content
Python is seen as the number one language to learn. Here are a few reasons why:
1. It's **simple to read and understand**
This makes it an *ideal language for beginners to learn*. And it acts as a stepping-stone for learning other object-oriented [1] languages.
Python is also concise.
For the same task, Python requires *3-5* times less code than Java, and up to *10* times less code than C++.
2. It's a **powerful language for data science**
Python is the preferred language for Data Science and Machine Learning. Both areas with exciting work and a growing demand for jobs.
3. A huge community of **web developers** use it
Its popularity for web development means that there are numerous *open source libraries*, *frameworks* and *sources of help* for beginners.
You can use Python to build whatever you want to build, from a scraper to an e-commerce site.
Check out the *Learn More link* to dig into more reasons to learn Python.
---
## Practice
It typically requires ??? code to write the same task in Python than in C++.
- less
- more
- about the same
---
## Revision
How much Python code is usually required to write the same task compared to C++ code? ???
- `Up to 10 times less`
- `Up to 5 times less`
- `3–5 times less`
- `Roughly equal`
---
## Footnotes
[1:Object-oriented programming]
All you need to know for now is that **object-oriented programming** (OOP) is a *programming pattern* that works with real-life entities. These entities are called **objects**, and they have *attributes* and *behaviors*.
Let's use the common car analogy to better understand OOP.
Think of the car as the object. The model, color or age of the car are the object's *attributes*. Whether the engine is on, or whether it's moving are *behaviors* and would exist as functions.
| 2024-05-12T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/5309 |
Aberrant left hepatic artery in laparoscopic antireflux procedures.
The aberrant left hepatic artery (ALHA) is an anatomic variation that may present an obstacle in laparoscopic antireflux procedures. Based on our experience, we addressed the following questions: How frequent is ALHA? When or why is it divided? What is the outcome in patients after division of the ALHA? From a prospective collected database of 720 patients undergoing laparoscopic antireflux surgery, we collected the following information: presence of an ALHA, clinical data, diagnostic workup, operative reports, laboratory data, and follow-up data. In 57 patients (7.9%) (37 men and 20 women; mean age, 51 +/- 15.7 years), an ALHA was reported. Hiatal dissection was impaired in 17 patients (29.8%), requiring division of the ALHA. In three patients (5.3%), the artery was injured during dissection; in one case (1.8%), it was divided because of ongoing bleeding. Ten of the divided ALHA (55.5%) were either of intermediate size or large. Mean operating time was 2.2 +/- 0.8 h; mean blood loss was 63 +/- 49 ml. Postoperative morbidity was 5.3% and mortality was 0%. None of the patients with divided hepatic arteries had postoperative symptoms related to impaired liver function. Postoperatively, two patients (11.7%) had transient elevated liver enzymes. At a mean follow-up of 28.5 +/- 12.8 months, no specific complaints could be identified. ALHA is not an uncommon finding in laparoscopic antireflux surgery and may be found in > or =8% of patients. Division may be required due to impaired view of the operating field or bleeding. Patients do not experience clinical complaints after division, but liver enzymes may be temporarily elevated. | 2024-02-24T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/2667 |
Q:
In Angular a Promise with a finally()-Block does not reject properly
I have a problem in an angular 7 application.
When I have a promise with a finally block, Errors are not thrown! They get swallowed without noticing, When I remove the finally-block it behaves like expected.
Here are some examples:
With vanillaJS (no Angular Framework), it works like I expect it to work:
As soon as you run the code, it prints my console.logs to the console and throws an "Uncaught (in promise)" error. Also see screenshot.
Promise.resolve()
.then(() => {
console.log('then');
return Promise.reject('This is an error. Please show up in the console, thank you.');
})
.finally(() => {
console.log('finally');
});
Screenshot vanillaJS
Here we have the same code in Angular. See Stackblitz for reference:
https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-iv7cq2
When I remove the "finally", it throws the error like i expect it to do. With the "finally" it just swallows the error.
Screenshot Angular
Why is that? Where do I have to modify my code, so that Promises with finally-blocks also throw errors?
A:
You can catch and rethrow the error after finally.
Result: Unhandled Promise rejection
Promise.resolve()
.then(() => {
console.log('then');
return Promise.reject('This is an error. Please show up in the console, thank you.');
})
.finally(() => {
console.log('finally');
}).catch(err => {
throw err;
});
| 2023-10-29T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/3478 |
iLoc-Virus: a multi-label learning classifier for identifying the subcellular localization of virus proteins with both single and multiple sites.
In the last two decades or so, although many computational methods were developed for predicting the subcellular locations of proteins according to their sequence information, it is still remains as a challenging problem, particularly when the system concerned contains both single- and multiple-location proteins. Also, among the existing methods, very few were developed specialized for dealing with viral proteins, those generated by viruses. Actually, knowledge of the subcellular localization of viral proteins in a host cell or virus-infected cell is very important because it is closely related to their destructive tendencies and consequences. In this paper, by introducing the "multi-label scale" and by hybridizing the gene ontology information with the sequential evolution information, a predictor called iLoc-Virus is developed. It can be utilized to identify viral proteins among the following six locations: (1) viral capsid, (2) host cell membrane, (3) host endoplasmic reticulum, (4) host cytoplasm, (5) host nucleus, and (6) secreted. The iLoc-Virus predictor not only can more accurately predict the location sites of viral proteins in a host cell, but also have the capacity to deal with virus proteins having more than one location. As a user-friendly web-server, iLoc-Virus is freely accessible to the public at http://icpr.jci.edu.cn/bioinfo/iLoc-Virus. Meanwhile, a step-by-step guide is provided on how to use the web-server to get the desired results. Furthermore, for the user's convenience, the iLoc-Virus web-server also has the function to accept the batch job submission. It is anticipated that iLoc-Virus may become a useful high throughput tool for both basic research and drug development. | 2023-08-20T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/4809 |
Atlanta Takes a Thrashing, 6-3 Detroit
By Jessica Haskin
September 4th, 2000
I knew this game was going to be exciting when during the pre-game skateSean Avery was chirping to the Atlanta Thrashers every chance he got,stretching over at the red line instead of at the face off circle withthe rest of his team, yapping continuously. Both teams came outcrashing and banging but didn’t take any penalties for the first threeminutes. Mike Sgroi took the first of the many penalties handed outin the game drawing an interference call. Atlanta jumped at thechance when Mike Weaver slammed the puck past JF Perras with 21 secondsremaining on the power play. Detroit came back quickly scoring lessthan a minute later. Ryan Barnes and Eric Bowen dropped the gloves forthe first fight of the night at 8:04, each receiving 5 minute majors.30 seconds later Avery and Luke Sellars each received 5 minute majorsalso after deciding to go for a whirl, which in turn immediatelyinspired Kori Davison and David Kaczowka to give it a try.Unfortunately for Davidson and Kaczowka they received game misconduct’salong with their 5 minute majors. A few minutes later Adam Deleeuw andDarcy Hordichuk got into a scuffle, each receiving 2 minutes forroughing. Jason Williams also at the same time took a hooking penaltyputting Atlanta on the Power Play. Perras made a spectacular save onBrad Tapper but Derek MacKenzie made the Red Wings pay when he put thepuck past Perras with just 18 seconds left on the power play. Jules-EdyLaraque scored the third for Atlanta just 25 seconds later, sending thepuck just over Perras’ left shoulder. While short handed Magnus Nilssongot the puck and took off with Tim Verbeek catching up, Nilsson passedto Verbeek just a few feet in front of Rob Zepp, not giving him a chanceto do anything. With 2 minutes left in the first Avery and Laraquedropped the gloves, the two smallest guys on the ice, yet two that makeup in spirit what they lack in size. Avery drew 2 minutes forinstigating the fight, 5 minutes for fighting, and was thrown out of thegame for his second fight. Laraque received 5 minute fighting major.The first period ended with 66 penalty minutes, and 3 players beingejected from the game.
The Second period started with a bang, when 2seconds after they dropped the puck Sgroi and Hordichuk dropped thegloves, it was a short fight but Sgroi cleanly beat Hordichuk.Hordichuk left the ice obviously needing stitches for his bloodied faceand Sgroi sat in the penalty box forhis 5 minutes. Deleeuw and Kirill Alexeev went at it 4 minutes laterwhen Deleeuw didn’t like the slash Alexeev had given him. The fightended with Alexeev laying on the ice holding his wrist with a verypained expression on his face. Alexeev left the ice with a dislocatedshoulder which may require surgery. Brad Tapper took a high stickingcall at 7:20. Barnes working with Verbeek and Dustin Kuk made Tapperregret the slash, sending the puck past Zepp. The Thrashers made agoalie change with T.J. Aceti replacing Zepp at 10:31 of the second. 50seconds later Aaron Van Leusen scored assisted by Tomas Kopecky andVerbeek. At 7:40 Kopecky scored a power play goal tipping in AntonBorodkin’s shot, putting Detroit up 5-3.
The third period was relatively uneventful with only a few minor penalties and one goal scored at 1:55by Borodkin, assisted by Kopecky. Both teams quietly left the ice tooworn out to be celebrating the win or to show any anger because of theloss. | 2023-11-04T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/2777 |
Quantitative analysis of exercise electrocardiograms and left ventricular angiocardiograms in patients with abnormal QRS complexes at rest.
The ECG changes during exercise are described in 71 patients with a previous anteroseptal or anterolateral infarction (ANT-MI) and in 73 patients with an old posterior or inferior wall infarction (INF-MI). Left ventricular angiograms in 95 patients yielded a good correlation between areas of dyssynergy and the QRS pattern at rest. The ST changes in patients with coronary artery disease and a normal ECG at rest, and in normal subjects, were oriented toward the right, posteriorly and superiorly. In patients with INF-MI and inferior wall dyssynergy, the ST changes were more inferiorly oriented. Anteriorly-oriented ST changes were associated with anterior wall or apical dyssynergy and with ANT-MI. Thus the spatial direction of the ST changes during exercise is related to three independent factors: those factors which cause the ST changes in normal subjects, the degree of myocardial ischemia in that particular case, and the extent of dyssynergic areas in the wall of the left ventricle. | 2023-11-01T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/6561 |
Many people with healthy diets assume that they are getting everything they need. Unfortunately, it is difficult to get all the necessary minerals to stay healthy, unless you keep excellent track of all the ingredients in your food. Instead of obsessing about what you eat, you can simply find out the best daily vitamins to take if you are a woman.
In most cases, you can get the correct dosage of the nutrients you need through daily vitamins that contain multiple minerals. One of the most important for women is calcium, which can help prevent osteoporosis and promote strong bones, which typically break easier as you age. You should get about 1000 mg each day of calcium.
If keeping your skin looking healthy and your eyes clear are two goals you have, you should take vitamin A. Most women need about 5000 mg of this kind. Compared to the amounts that you need of other daily vitamins, your necessary consumption of both this nutrient and calcium are high, so it is crucial that any multivitamin you take has quite a bit of these.
Your intake of other minerals is much lower. For example, zinc, which helps you heal, have a strong immune system, and keep your taste buds in good shape, is only needed in amounts of about 8 mg each day.
Similarly, vitamins B6 and B12 are necessary to regulate metabolism, among other things, but you should only take 1.3 mg and 2.4 mcg, respectively. Be sure to stick to the recommended amounts, as you can actually overdose on such supplements.
If you want to have a nervous system that is in tip top shape, you should take about 400 mcg of folate. Additionally, you will need about 18 mg of iron to keep your blood healthy and oxygen flowing to all your tissue. Most multivitamins will have all these necessary ingredients, though you should check the package before buying to be sure.
These suggestions of daily vitamins are for the typical women. If you are pregnant, hoping to become pregnant, or nursing, you should take only supplements made for such stages in your life, after making sure it is okay with your doctor.
Unfortunately many people do not know that it is possible to overdose on any vitamin, though the negative effects vary depending on which one you take too much of. If you are generally healthy, picking out a multivitamin at the store after reading the label should suffice, but if you are under a doctor’s care for any condition, you should consult him or her first. | 2024-07-10T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/1270 |
Q:
How to load column names, data from a text file into a MySQL table?
I have a dataset with a lot of columns I want to import into a MySQL database, so I want to be able to create tables without specifying the column headers by hand. Rather I want to supply a filename with the column labels in it to (presumably) the MySQL CREATE TABLE command. I'm using standard MySQL Query Browser tools in Ubuntu, but I didn't see in option for this in the create table dialog, nor could I figure out how to write a query to do this from the CREATE TABLE documentation page. But there must be a way...
A:
A CREATE TABLE statement includes more than just column names
Table name*
Column names*
Column data types*
Column constraints, like NOT NULL
Column options, like DEFAULT, character set
Table constraints, like PRIMARY KEY* and FOREIGN KEY
Indexes
Table options, like storage engine, default character set
* mandatory
You can't get all this just from a list of column names. You should write the CREATE TABLE statement yourself.
Re your comment: Many software development frameworks support ways to declare tables without using SQL DDL. E.g. Hibernate uses XML files. YAML is supported by Rails ActiveRecord, PHP Doctrine and Perl's SQLFairy. There are probably other tools that use other format such as JSON, but I don't know one offhand.
But eventually, all these "simplified" interfaces are no less complex to learn as SQL, while failing to represent exactly what SQL does. See also The Law of Leaky Abstractions.
Check out SQLFairy, because that tool might already convert from files to SQL in a way that can help you. And FWIW MySQL Query Browser (or under its current name, MySQL Workbench) can read SQL files. So you probably don't have to copy & paste manually.
| 2024-05-16T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/5013 |
/*******************************************************************************
* Copyright (c) 2015 IBM Corporation and others.
*
* This program and the accompanying materials
* are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License 2.0
* which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
* https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0/
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0
*
* Contributors:
* IBM Corporation - initial API and implementation
*******************************************************************************/
package org.eclipse.jdt.core.search;
/**
*
* A <code> MethodDeclarationRequestor</code> collects search results from a <code> searchAllMethodDeclarations</code>
* query to a <code>SearchEngine</code>. Clients must subclass this abstract class and pass an instance to the
* <code>SearchEngine.searchAllMethodDeclarations</code> method.
*
* <p>
* This class may be subclassed by clients
* </p>
* @since 3.12
*
*/
public abstract class MethodNameRequestor {
/**
* Accepts a method.
*
* <p>
* The default implementation of this method does nothing.
* Subclasses should override.
* </p>
*
* @param methodName name of the method.
* @param parameterCount number of parameters in this method.
* @param declaringQualifier the qualified name of parent of the enclosing type of this method.
* @param simpleTypeName name of the enclosing type of this method.
* @param typeModifiers modifiers of the type
* @param packageName the package name as specified in the package declaration (i.e. a dot-separated name).
* @param signature signature of the method - this would be null for methods in source files.
* @param parameterTypes types of all the parameters.
* @param parameterNames names of all the parameters.
* @param returnType return type of the method.
* @param modifiers modifiers of the method.
* @param path the full path to the resource containing the type. If the resource is a .class file
* or a source file, this is the full path in the workspace to this resource. If the
* resource is an archive (that is, a .zip or .jar file), the path is composed of 2 paths separated
* by <code>IJavaSearchScope.JAR_FILE_ENTRY_SEPARATOR</code>:
* the first path is the full OS path to the archive (if it is an external archive),
* or the workspace relative <code>IPath</code> to the archive (if it is an internal archive),
* the second path is the path to the resource inside the archive.
*/
public void acceptMethod(
char[] methodName,
int parameterCount,
char[] declaringQualifier,
char[] simpleTypeName,
int typeModifiers,
char[] packageName,
char[] signature,
char[][] parameterTypes,
char[][] parameterNames,
char[] returnType,
int modifiers,
String path,
int methodIndex) {
//do nothing
}
} | 2024-05-13T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/7014 |
---
abstract: 'We present an easy-to-implement and efficient analytical inversion algorithm for the unbiased random sampling of a set of points on a triangle mesh whose surface density is specified by barycentric interpolation of non-negative per-vertex weights. The correctness of the inversion algorithm is verified via statistical tests, and we show that it is faster on average than rejection sampling.'
author:
-
bibliography:
- 'ewrsm.bib'
title: Efficient barycentric point sampling on meshes
---
Related Work {#sec:relatedwork}
============
Point sampling on meshed surfaces is useful in a variety of computer graphics contexts [@Gross:2007:PG:1202384]. Here we focus on the relatively simple problem of sampling a spatially inhomogeneous, unbiased random distribution of points on a mesh given a prescribed point density per unit area varying over the mesh, which has received surprisingly little attention.
There has been much work on the generation of point distributions with desired local statistical characteristics for applications such as point stippling and blue noise sampling [@Corsini:2012:EFS:2197070.2197094; @Cline:2009:DTS:2383586.2383611], however these techniques are complex to implement, generally not very efficient, and deliberately introduce bias into the sampling. Statistically unbiased inhomogeneous random sampling is clearly useful in a variety of contexts, for example in Monte Carlo sampling. For the homogeneous case, there is a standard inversion algorithm for sampling a random point on a triangle mesh with uniform probability [@Pharr:2010:PBR:1854996; @Turk:1990:GRP:90767.90772; @smith2004sampling]. For the inhomogeneous case, *rejection sampling* [@Press:1992:NRC:148286] provides a general and relatively efficient solution, as was noted (for example) by Yan et. al [@6811174], however as a random algorithm this presents efficiency problems. Sik et. al [@Sik:2013:FRS] improved on rejection sampling by subdividing the mesh until each triangle can be considered to have uniform density without losing too much accuracy, then applying the homogeneous inversion algorithm. However this requires a relatively complex preprocessing stage.
Arvo et. al [@10.1109/RT.2007.4342601; @SS2M] extended the inversion algorithm to deal with a density which varies linearly within each face of a triangle mesh (corresponding to barycentric interpolation). However they expressed their solution in the form of a set of cubic equations, without simplifying further or developing a practical, tested algorithm. In this paper we revisit the approach of Arvo et al., and provide a more explicit algorithm than previously, with statistical validation and performance comparison to rejection sampling.
Method
======
Consider the general problem of independently sampling random points on a three-dimensional triangle mesh, where the probability per unit area $p_X(\mathbf{x})$ of choosing a given point $\mathbf{x}$ is proportional to a non-negative scalar weight on the mesh, $\phi(\mathbf{x})$. This weight can be interpreted as specifying the relative surface density (i.e. number per unit area) of sampled points. Normalization then implies: $$p_X(\mathbf{x}) = \frac{\phi(\mathbf{x})} {\sum_i \int_{T_i} \phi(\mathbf{y}) \,\mathrm{d}A_i(\mathbf{y})} \nonumber$$ where $\mathrm{d}A_i(\mathbf{y})$ is the area element on the three-dimensional surface of triangle $T_i$. This may be factored into the discrete probability of choosing a given triangle, multiplied by the conditional PDF (with area measure) of choosing a point within that triangle: $$\begin{aligned}
p_X(\mathbf{x}) &=& p_{T}(T_i) \; p_{X|T}(\mathbf{x} \vert T_i) \nonumber \\
&=& \frac{\int_{T_i} \phi(\mathbf{y}) \,\mathrm{d}A_i(\mathbf{y})} {\sum_{k} \int_{T_k} \phi(\mathbf{y})\,\mathrm{d}A_k(\mathbf{y})} \cdot
\frac{\phi(\mathbf{x})} {\int_{T_i} \phi(\mathbf{y}) \,\mathrm{d}A_i(\mathbf{y})} \ . \nonumber\end{aligned}$$ Defining the area-weighted average of $\phi$ over triangle $T_i$ (with area $A_i$) as $\langle\phi\rangle_i \equiv \int_{T_i} \phi(\mathbf{x}) \,\mathrm{d}A_i(\mathbf{x}) / A_i$, then the discrete probability of each triangle can be written as $$\begin{aligned}
p_{T}(T_i) &=& \frac{A_i\langle\phi\rangle_i}{\sum_{k} A_k \langle\phi\rangle_k } \ , \nonumber\end{aligned}$$ and the conditional area-measure PDF of a point $\mathbf{x}$ in a given triangle $T_i$ is $$\label{conditional_pdf_formula}
p_{X|T}(\mathbf{x} \vert T_i) = \frac{\phi(\mathbf{x})}{A_i \langle\phi\rangle_i} \ .$$ Sampling from the discrete probability distribution $p_{T}(T_i)$ to choose a triangle is done via the CDF $$P_{T}(T_i) = \frac{\sum_{j\le i} A_j\langle\phi\rangle_j}{\sum_{k} A_k \langle\phi\rangle_k } \ , \nonumber$$ i.e. sample a uniform random deviate (a random variable drawn from the uniform distribution on the open interval $[0,1)$), then find index $k$ such that $P_{T}(T_{k-1}) \le \xi < P_{T}(T_k)$ (with $P_{T}(T_k)=0$ by convention for $k<k_{\mathrm{min}}$). This is usually done via bisection search, though note that more efficient algorithms exist such as that described by Sik et al. [@Sik:2013:FRS]. It remains to sample from the conditional PDF $p_{X|T}(\mathbf{x} \vert T_i)$.
A completely general method for sampling from $p_{X|T}(\mathbf{x} \vert T_i)$ given any function $\phi(\mathbf{x})$ is provided by *rejection sampling*. We first find $\phi_{\mathrm{max},i} = \max(\phi(\mathbf{x}): \mathbf{x}\in T_i)$ (this can be precomputed). We then choose a random point in the triangle drawn from a uniform distribution. This is most easily done by parameterizing points $\mathbf{x}\in T_i$ as $\mathbf{x} = u\,\mathbf{v}^i_{u} + v\,\mathbf{v}^i_{v} + w\,\mathbf{v}^i_{w}$, where $\mathbf{v}^i_{u}$, $\mathbf{v}^i_{v}$, $\mathbf{v}^i_{w}$ are the triangle vertices and the per-triangle barycentric coordinates $(u, v, w)$ are each in the range $[0,1]$ with $u+v+w=1$. Then uniform random sampling on the triangle is done via the formulas [@Pharr:2010:PBR:1854996] $$\begin{aligned}
\label{uniform_triangle_sample}
u = 1 - \sqrt{\xi_1} \ , \quad v = (1 - u) \,\xi_2 \nonumber\end{aligned}$$ where $(\xi_1, \xi_2)$ are uniform random deviates. We then decide to accept this trial sample by drawing another uniform random deviate $\xi_3$ and testing whether $\xi_3 \,\phi_{\mathrm{max},i} < \phi(\mathbf{x})$. If this is true, we accept $\mathbf{x}$ as the sample, otherwise we draw another trial sample of $\mathbf{x}$ and continue, until acceptance.
While the rejection sampling method is very general, as a random algorithm it does not provide any strict guarantees about the number of random samples which will be taken. However, in the common case of a weight defined by per-vertex barycentric weighting, the inversion method provides an analytical formula for the sampled points[@10.1109/RT.2007.4342601; @SS2M]. Per-vertex weighting means we associate with each of the three vertices of triangle $T_i$ a non-negative real weight. Let us denote the weights of the three vertices $\mathbf{v}^i_{u}$, $\mathbf{v}^i_{v}$, $\mathbf{v}^i_{w}$ as $\phi_u$, $\phi_v$, $\phi_w$ respectively. Assuming the triangle is not degenerate, we may express the barycentric coordinates in terms of position: $u(\mathbf{x})$, $v(\mathbf{x})$, $w(\mathbf{x})$. Barycentric interpolation then defines the weight at all points $\mathbf{x}\in T_i$ via (equivalent to linear interpolation within the triangle): $$\phi(\mathbf{x}) = u(\mathbf{x})\,(\mathbf{\phi}_{u}-\mathbf{\phi}_{w}) + v(\mathbf{x}) \,(\mathbf{\phi}_{v}-\mathbf{\phi}_{w}) + \mathbf{\phi}_{w} \ . \nonumber$$ This is a common scheme for interpolating per-vertex weights to produce a $C^0$ continuous function on the mesh. Integrals over the triangle area elements $\mathrm{d}A_i$ may be completed by a change of variables to barycoordinates, via the standard identity $\mathrm{d}A_i = 2A_i \, \mathrm{d}u \,\mathrm{d}v$. It follows that the area-averaged barycentric weight is equal to the mean vertex weight: $$\langle\phi\rangle_i = \frac{\phi_u + \phi_v + \phi_w}{3} \ . \nonumber$$ Using Eqn. (\[conditional\_pdf\_formula\]), the normalized conditional PDF in barycentric coordinate measure is then given by $$\label{pdf_uv}
p_{U,V}(u, v) = p_{X|T}(\mathbf{x} \vert T_i) \frac{\mathrm{d}A_i}{\mathrm{d}u \,\mathrm{d}v} = 2 \frac{\phi(u, v)}{\langle\phi\rangle_i} \ .$$
We now introduce the normalized *relative weights* $$\begin{aligned}
\Phi_u &\equiv& \frac{\phi_u-\phi_w} {\langle\phi\rangle_i} \ , \quad \Phi_v \equiv \frac{\phi_v-\phi_w} {\langle\phi\rangle_i} \ . \nonumber\end{aligned}$$ Each possible set of relative weights maps into a point in the $(\Phi_u, \Phi_v)$ plane (i.e. each such point represents all triangles which have the same relative weights). Expressing the problem in terms of this two-dimensional vector of weights leads to some simplification in the analytical expressions compared to Arvo’s approach [@SS2M]. Note that the case where $\langle\phi\rangle_i=0$, i.e. all zero weights, can be ignored as the probability of sampling a point in such a zero-weighted triangle is zero. It follows from the non-negativity of the weights that $(\Phi_u, \Phi_v)$ satisfy various inequalities and thus lie within the triangular region in the $(\Phi_u, \Phi_v)$ plane depicted in Figure \[weight\_triangle\]. The uniform weighting corresponds to the origin $(\Phi_u, \Phi_v)= (0,0)$.
double <@\textbf{\detokenize{U}}@>( double Phi_u, double Phi_v, const double tol = 5.0e-3 )
{
double r = <@\textcolor{red}{RAND}@>(); double l = (2.0*Phi_u - Phi_v)/3.0;
const int maxIter = 20; double u = 0.5; int n=0;
while (n++ < maxIter) {
double u1 = 1.0-u;
double P = u*(2.0-u) - l*u*u1*u1 - r;
double Pd = max(u1*(2.0 + l*(3.0*u-1.0)), DBL_EPSILON);
double du = max(min(P/Pd, 0.25), -0.25); u -= du;
u = max(min(u, 1.0-DBL_EPSILON), DBL_EPSILON);
if (fabs(du) < tol) break;
}
return u;
}
In these coordinates, the barycentric-measure PDF Eqn. (\[pdf\_uv\]) reduces to $$\label{pdf_uv_solution}
p_{U,V}(u, v) = 2 \left( u\,\Phi_u + v\,\Phi_v + 1 - \frac{\Phi_u + \Phi_v}{3} \right) \ . \nonumber$$
We now describe how to sample points from this PDF. Integration gives the marginal PDF of $u$: $$\begin{aligned}
p_U(u) &=& \int_0^{1-u} p_{U,V}(u, v) \; \mathrm{d}v \ . \nonumber
$$ The cumulative density function (CDF) for the marginal PDF of $u$, $\int_0^{u} p_U(u') \,\mathrm{d}u'$ is given by (and similarly for the CDF of $v$, $P_V(v)$) $$\begin{aligned}
\label{cdf1}
\!\!\!\!P_U(u) \!&=&\! u\left(2-u\right) - \frac{\left(2\Phi_u - \Phi_v\right)}{3} u(u-1)^2 \ . \end{aligned}$$ Inversion of $P_U(u)=\xi_u$ where $\xi_u$ is a uniform random deviate yields the sampled value of $u$. It is efficient to solve this by Newton’s method via the update rule: $$u_{n+1} = u_n - \frac{P_U(u_n)-\xi_u}{P'_U(u_n)} \ . \nonumber$$ An example implementation of this sampling routine in C is provided in Listing \[lst:U\_NEWTON\] (where generates a uniform random deviate). This includes tolerances to keep the solution within bounds, and limits the step size to $1/2$ to aid convergence (as statistically verified in Section \[sec:validation\]).
In order to sample $v$, we require the CDF for $v$ conditional on the sampled value of $u$, given by $$P_V(v \vert u) = \int_0^{v} p_{V|U}(v' \vert u) \,\mathrm{d}v' = \frac{1}{p_U(u)} \int_0^{v} p_{U,V}(u, v') \,\mathrm{d}v' \ . \nonumber$$ Evaluating this gives $$P_V(v \vert u) = \frac{2v}{p_U(u)} \left[ 1 + \left(u-\frac{1}{3}\right)\,\Phi_u +
\left(\frac{v}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\right)\,\Phi_v \right] \ . \nonumber$$ Inversion of $P_V(v \vert u)=\xi_v$ (where $\xi_v$ is again a uniform random deviate) gives the sampled value of $v$. As $P_V(v \vert u)$ is quadratic in $v$, this inversion has two solutions $$\label{vquadsolve}
v_{\pm} = \tau \pm \sqrt{ \,\tau^2 (1-\xi_v) + \left(\tau + u - 1\right)^2\xi_v }$$ where the square root here denotes the principal square root, and $$\begin{aligned}
\label{define_tau}
\tau(u, \Phi_u, \Phi_v) &\equiv& \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1+\left(u-\frac{1}{3}\right)\,\Phi_u}{\Phi_v} \ .\end{aligned}$$ Here $\tau$ ranges over the entire real line, i.e. $\tau \in [-\infty, \infty]$. As $\Phi_v$ approaches zero (uniform weighting), $\tau$ diverges; however, in this limit the inversion can be simplified to: $$\begin{aligned}
v \rightarrow (1-u) \, \xi_v + O(\left|\tau\right|^{-1}) \quad \mathrm{as} \quad \left|\Phi_v\right| \rightarrow 0, \left|\tau\right| \rightarrow \infty \ . \nonumber\end{aligned}$$
If $\tau\gg 0$, then clearly the $v_-$ branch must be chosen (in order that $v \in [0,1])$. Similarly, if $\tau\ll 0$, then the $v_+$ branch must be chosen. Figure \[v\_solutions\] shows how the solution for $v$ varies as a function of the random deviate $\xi_v$ and $\tau$. From this figure it is intuitively clear that for general $\tau$, the correct choice of branch is given by $$\label{signchoice}
v = \left\{
\begin{array}{l l}
\!v_+ & \mbox{if } \; \tau \le (1-u)/2 \ , \\
\!v_- & \mbox{if } \; \tau > (1-u)/2 \ .
\end{array} \right.$$
double <@\textbf{V}@>( double u, double Phi_u, double Phi_v )
{
double r = <@\textcolor{red}{RAND}@>();
const double epsilon = 1.0e-6
if (fabs(Phi_v) < epsilon) return (1.0 - u)*r;
double tau = 1.0/3.0 - (1.0 + (u-1.0/3.0)*Phi_u)/Phi_v;
double tmp = tau + u - 1.0;
double q = sqrt(tau*tau*(1.0-r) + tmp*tmp*r);
return tau <= 0.5*(1.0-u) ? tau + q : tau - q;
}
Let $\tau = \gamma \left(1 - u\right)$, which implies: $$\frac{v_{\pm}}{(1-u)} = \gamma \pm \sqrt{\gamma^2 + \xi_v(1-2\gamma)} \ . \nonumber$$ First consider the case $\gamma>1/2$. Then the term inside the square root satisfies the following inequality $$\gamma^2 + \xi_v(1-2\gamma) > \left|\gamma-1\right|^2 \nonumber$$ since $(1-2\gamma)<0$ and $\xi_v<1$. Thus the following inequalities are satisfied: $$\frac{v_+}{(1-u)} > \gamma + \left|\gamma-1\right| > 1 \ , \quad
\frac{v_-}{(1-u)} < \gamma - \left|\gamma-1\right| < 1 \ . \nonumber$$ Therefore since $v\le(1-u)$, if $\gamma>1/2$ the $v_-$ branch must be chosen. The analogous argument for $\gamma<1/2$ shows that the $v_+$ branch must be chosen in that case.
Sample uniform random deviates $\xi_u$, $\xi_v$ Compute $u$ by solve of $P_U(u)=\xi_u$ (Eqn. (\[cdf1\]), Listing \[lst:U\_NEWTON\]) Compute $v$ (Eqn. (\[signchoice\]), Listing \[lst:V\]) **return** $\mathbf{x}(u, v)$
Algorithm \[inversion\] summarises the resulting method for inversion sampling $(u, v)$. A C implementation for sampling $v$ via this method is provided in routine **V** (Listing \[lst:V\]).
In Figure \[fig:points\_curv\] we show a simple example of a point distribution sampled via this inversion method, in which the per-vertex weight is taken to be the magnitude of the local discrete vertex curvature. In Figure \[fig:points\_grid\] we show another example in which the per-vertex weight function has a periodic 3d variation of the form $\left|\cos(x/L) \cos(y/L) \cos(z/L)\right|$ with some length-scale $L$.
Validation and Performance {#sec:validation}
==========================
In Figure \[subfig:ks\], we plot the calculated CDF $P_V(v)$ and empirically measured CDF obtained via the inversion sampling of Algorithm \[inversion\], for a representative set of triangle weightings (here those which fit in a 16x16 grid covering the valid region in the $(\Phi_u, \Phi_v)$ plane in Figure \[weight\_triangle\]). Only 0.1% of the CDF points are shown for clarity. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic for each empirical CDF is at most $D=0.005$, which is less than the critical statistic at 99% confidence level ($D_\mathrm{crit}=1.63/\sqrt{N}=0.007$), giving confidence that the sampling algorithm is correct over the whole $(\Phi_u, \Phi_v)$ region.
We focus here only on performance of the sampling within a given triangle, as we do not deal with optimization of the triangle selection itself. In Figure \[subfig:perf\] we show the relative performance of the rejection and inversion methods applied to independent samples from a single triangle (with $\Phi_u=-3$, $\Phi_v=-3$, i.e. the maximal per-triangle “inhomogeneity”) where each data point indicates the average sample time in nanoseconds averaged over $10^7$ samples. These timings were taken running single-threaded on a Intel Core i7 processor. The inversion method runs approximately $20$-$80$% faster than rejection, where the efficiency depends strongly on the required tolerance for the sampled $u$ barycoordinate, so some trade-off between accuracy and speed is involved. Of course, both inversion and rejection algorithms can also be easily multi-threaded.
Conclusion
==========
We derived a simple and efficient inversion method for sampling points on a triangle mesh with density defined by barycentrically interpolated per-vertex weights, and verified that it produces statistically correct point samples. We showed that weighted point sampling on a triangle mesh via the inversion method is faster on average than rejection sampling.
We note that the method presented here can overall be regarded as complementary to that of Sik et al. [@Sik:2013:FRS]. Their method involves usage of a more sophisticated method for triangle sampling, and is more general as it can deal with arbitrarily varying weight functions (as can rejection sampling), however it is also considerably more complex to implement. While an algorithm such as their fast triangle selection method is required for optimal performance, using our analytical inversion sampling of linearly varying weights should allow for further improvement as it would allow less subdivision to achieve the same sampling accuracy. We suggest that in future work it would be interesting to explore the combination of these methods.
| 2023-09-16T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/8059 |
<?php
namespace Paranoia\Test\Builder\Gvp\SaleRequestBuilder;
use Paranoia\Builder\Gvp\RefundRequestBuilder;
use Paranoia\Configuration\Gvp as GvpConfiguration;
use Paranoia\Currency;
use Paranoia\Formatter\Gvp\ExpireDateFormatter;
use Paranoia\Formatter\IsoNumericCurrencyCodeFormatter;
use Paranoia\Formatter\MoneyFormatter;
use Paranoia\Formatter\SingleDigitInstallmentFormatter;
use Paranoia\Request\Request;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
class RefundRequestBuilderTest extends TestCase
{
public function test()
{
$builder = $this->setupBuilder();
$request = $this->setupRequest();
$rawRequest = $builder->build($request);
$this->assertXmlStringEqualsXmlFile(
__DIR__ . '/../../samples/request/gvp/refund_request.xml',
$rawRequest
);
}
protected function setupConfiguration()
{
$configuration = new GvpConfiguration();
$configuration->setTerminalId('123456')
->setMode('TEST')
->setAuthorizationUsername('PROVAUT')
->setAuthorizationPassword('PROVAUT')
->setRefundUsername('PROVRFN')
->setRefundPassword('PROVRFN');
return $configuration;
}
/**
* @return Request
*/
protected function setupRequest()
{
$request = new Request();
$request->setOrderId('123456')
->setAmount(25.4)
->setCurrency(Currency::CODE_EUR);
return $request;
}
protected function setupBuilder()
{
return new RefundRequestBuilder(
$this->setupConfiguration(),
new IsoNumericCurrencyCodeFormatter(),
new MoneyFormatter(),
new SingleDigitInstallmentFormatter(),
new ExpireDateFormatter()
);
}
} | 2023-09-27T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/8689 |
Q:
SQL, Auxiliary table of numbers
For certain types of sql queries, an auxiliary table of numbers can be very useful. It may be created as a table with as many rows as you need for a particular task or as a user defined function that returns the number of rows required in each query.
What is the optimal way to create such a function?
A:
Heh... sorry I'm so late responding to an old post. And, yeah, I had to respond because the most popular answer (at the time, the Recursive CTE answer with the link to 14 different methods) on this thread is, ummm... performance challenged at best.
First, the article with the 14 different solutions is fine for seeing the different methods of creating a Numbers/Tally table on the fly but as pointed out in the article and in the cited thread, there's a very important quote...
"suggestions regarding efficiency and
performance are often subjective.
Regardless of how a query is being
used, the physical implementation
determines the efficiency of a query.
Therefore, rather than relying on
biased guidelines, it is imperative
that you test the query and determine
which one performs better."
Ironically, the article itself contains many subjective statements and "biased guidelines" such as "a recursive CTE can generate a number listing pretty efficiently" and "This is an efficient method of using WHILE loop from a newsgroup posting by Itzik Ben-Gen" (which I'm sure he posted just for comparison purposes). C'mon folks... Just mentioning Itzik's good name may lead some poor slob into actually using that horrible method. The author should practice what (s)he preaches and should do a little performance testing before making such ridiculously incorrect statements especially in the face of any scalablility.
With the thought of actually doing some testing before making any subjective claims about what any code does or what someone "likes", here's some code you can do your own testing with. Setup profiler for the SPID you're running the test from and check it out for yourself... just do a "Search'n'Replace" of the number 1000000 for your "favorite" number and see...
--===== Test for 1000000 rows ==================================
GO
--===== Traditional RECURSIVE CTE method
WITH Tally (N) AS
(
SELECT 1 UNION ALL
SELECT 1 + N FROM Tally WHERE N < 1000000
)
SELECT N
INTO #Tally1
FROM Tally
OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0);
GO
--===== Traditional WHILE LOOP method
CREATE TABLE #Tally2 (N INT);
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE @Index INT;
SET @Index = 1;
WHILE @Index <= 1000000
BEGIN
INSERT #Tally2 (N)
VALUES (@Index);
SET @Index = @Index + 1;
END;
GO
--===== Traditional CROSS JOIN table method
SELECT TOP (1000000)
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) AS N
INTO #Tally3
FROM Master.sys.All_Columns ac1
CROSS JOIN Master.sys.ALL_Columns ac2;
GO
--===== Itzik's CROSS JOINED CTE method
WITH E00(N) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1),
E02(N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM E00 a, E00 b),
E04(N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM E02 a, E02 b),
E08(N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM E04 a, E04 b),
E16(N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM E08 a, E08 b),
E32(N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM E16 a, E16 b),
cteTally(N) AS (SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY N) FROM E32)
SELECT N
INTO #Tally4
FROM cteTally
WHERE N <= 1000000;
GO
--===== Housekeeping
DROP TABLE #Tally1, #Tally2, #Tally3, #Tally4;
GO
While we're at it, here's the numbers I get from SQL Profiler for the values of 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, and 1000000...
SPID TextData Dur(ms) CPU Reads Writes
---- ---------------------------------------- ------- ----- ------- ------
51 --===== Test for 100 rows ============== 8 0 0 0
51 --===== Traditional RECURSIVE CTE method 16 0 868 0
51 --===== Traditional WHILE LOOP method CR 73 16 175 2
51 --===== Traditional CROSS JOIN table met 11 0 80 0
51 --===== Itzik's CROSS JOINED CTE method 6 0 63 0
51 --===== Housekeeping DROP TABLE #Tally 35 31 401 0
51 --===== Test for 1000 rows ============= 0 0 0 0
51 --===== Traditional RECURSIVE CTE method 47 47 8074 0
51 --===== Traditional WHILE LOOP method CR 80 78 1085 0
51 --===== Traditional CROSS JOIN table met 5 0 98 0
51 --===== Itzik's CROSS JOINED CTE method 2 0 83 0
51 --===== Housekeeping DROP TABLE #Tally 6 15 426 0
51 --===== Test for 10000 rows ============ 0 0 0 0
51 --===== Traditional RECURSIVE CTE method 434 344 80230 10
51 --===== Traditional WHILE LOOP method CR 671 563 10240 9
51 --===== Traditional CROSS JOIN table met 25 31 302 15
51 --===== Itzik's CROSS JOINED CTE method 24 0 192 15
51 --===== Housekeeping DROP TABLE #Tally 7 15 531 0
51 --===== Test for 100000 rows =========== 0 0 0 0
51 --===== Traditional RECURSIVE CTE method 4143 3813 800260 154
51 --===== Traditional WHILE LOOP method CR 5820 5547 101380 161
51 --===== Traditional CROSS JOIN table met 160 140 479 211
51 --===== Itzik's CROSS JOINED CTE method 153 141 276 204
51 --===== Housekeeping DROP TABLE #Tally 10 15 761 0
51 --===== Test for 1000000 rows ========== 0 0 0 0
51 --===== Traditional RECURSIVE CTE method 41349 37437 8001048 1601
51 --===== Traditional WHILE LOOP method CR 59138 56141 1012785 1682
51 --===== Traditional CROSS JOIN table met 1224 1219 2429 2101
51 --===== Itzik's CROSS JOINED CTE method 1448 1328 1217 2095
51 --===== Housekeeping DROP TABLE #Tally 8 0 415 0
As you can see, the Recursive CTE method is the second worst only to the While Loop for Duration and CPU and has 8 times the memory pressure in the form of logical reads than the While Loop. It's RBAR on steroids and should be avoided, at all cost, for any single row calculations just as a While Loop should be avoided. There are places where recursion is quite valuable but this ISN'T one of them.
As a side bar, Mr. Denny is absolutely spot on... a correctly sized permanent Numbers or Tally table is the way to go for most things. What does correctly sized mean? Well, most people use a Tally table to generate dates or to do splits on VARCHAR(8000). If you create an 11,000 row Tally table with the correct clustered index on "N", you'll have enough rows to create more than 30 years worth of dates (I work with mortgages a fair bit so 30 years is a key number for me) and certainly enough to handle a VARCHAR(8000) split. Why is "right sizing" so important? If the Tally table is used a lot, it easily fits in cache which makes it blazingly fast without much pressure on memory at all.
Last but not least, every one knows that if you create a permanent Tally table, it doesn't much matter which method you use to build it because 1) it's only going to be made once and 2) if it's something like an 11,000 row table, all of the methods are going to run "good enough". So why all the indigination on my part about which method to use???
The answer is that some poor guy/gal who doesn't know any better and just needs to get his or her job done might see something like the Recursive CTE method and decide to use it for something much larger and much more frequently used than building a permanent Tally table and I'm trying to protect those people, the servers their code runs on, and the company that owns the data on those servers. Yeah... it's that big a deal. It should be for everyone else, as well. Teach the right way to do things instead of "good enough". Do some testing before posting or using something from a post or book... the life you save may, in fact, be your own especially if you think a recursive CTE is the way to go for something like this. ;-)
Thanks for listening...
A:
The most optimal function would be to use a table instead of a function. Using a function causes extra CPU load to create the values for the data being returned, especially if the values being returned cover a very large range.
A:
This article gives 14 different possible solutions with discussion of each. The important point is that:
suggestions regarding efficiency and
performance are often subjective.
Regardless of how a query is being
used, the physical implementation
determines the efficiency of a query.
Therefore, rather than relying on
biased guidelines, it is imperative
that you test the query and determine
which one performs better.
I personally liked:
WITH Nbrs ( n ) AS (
SELECT 1 UNION ALL
SELECT 1 + n FROM Nbrs WHERE n < 500 )
SELECT n FROM Nbrs
OPTION ( MAXRECURSION 500 )
| 2023-08-16T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/2570 |
While smartphones are relatively ubiquitous among both men and women in many parts of the world, far fewer women use them in India than men. In fact, only about 20% of Indian women are active on data-enabled smartphones today. Real-time smartphone usage data from Nielsen Informate Mobile Insights suggests that women who are using smartphones, though quite tech savvy and almost as engaged as men, just do different things on their devices.
According to recent Nielsen Informate data, men spend an average of 13 more minutes on their smartphones each day than women. When we look at what activities men and women are most interested in on the smartphones, there are notable differences. Men are more engaged with gaming, shopping, web browsing, reading news, and tending to their banking and financial service needs. Comparatively, women are more engaged with chatting, social networking and streaming audio and video.
Music And Video
Women in India consume more media (music and videos) than men on their smartphones. In fact, they spend 40% more time on music streaming apps and 50% more time on video streaming apps than their male counterparts. When it comes to streaming video, YouTube is the most popular video-streaming app among both men and women.
Shopping
An interesting trend seen since 2014 was the popularity of shopping apps among men in India – 43% compared to 38% among women. While this trend continues, the gap is definitely closing with the numbers currently at 55% for men and 52% for women.
The popularity of shopping apps among men can be attributed to two key factors: the male appetite for technology and the fact that men are often the ones who pay for the purchased items. Electronic items make up the majority of products people view and buy online, and men drive purchases in this segment. It’s also possible that even when women make a purchase decision, they ask men to compare costs or complete the transaction.
However, when it comes to engagement, women actually spend more time on shopping apps (119 mins/month) compared to men (103 mins/ month). In developed countries like the U.K., U.S. and Korea, women spend twice as much time shopping on smartphones than men.
The e-commerce space is witnessing another big shift; major players are focusing on their apps instead of websites. By offering greater discounts to customers who purchase through apps, engagement levels on smartphones are spiking.
Chatting And Social Networking
Women in countries like India, Malaysia, Thailand and Qatar are 30% more engaged on chat apps than men, while engagement among women in Japan is twice than men. Women in India spend nearly 1.3x times more time chatting than men every month, primarily on WhatsApp Messenger.
Similar trends are seen on social networking platforms the world over. Driven primarily by Facebook App, this category sees higher engagement. It’s even as high as 1.5x, among women in countries like Thailand, Korea, Qatar, Malaysia, Philippines, U.K., Japan and Italy. In India, women are as engaged as men on social networking apps, spending 240 minutes per month on them. | 2024-03-04T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/9429 |
Intense pulsed light as a nonablative approach to photoaging.
To describe the introduction and use of intense pulsed light (IPL) to treat vascular and pigmented lesions comprising photorejuvenation and its use in photodynamic therapy. Review of the medical literature and the authors' experience with IPL. IPL is an excellent treatment modality for vascular and pigmented manifestations of photoaging and can be combined with photodynamic therapy for the treatment of early forms of skin cancer. | 2023-08-10T01:26:59.872264 | https://example.com/article/7759 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.