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seconds ). this reflects the general slowing trend of the earth due to tidal braking. confusion sometimes arises over the misconception that the occasional insertion of leap seconds every few years indicates that the earth should stop rotating within a few millennia. the confusion arises because some mistake leap secon...
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are the ground - based loran - c navigation system and the satellite - based global positioning system ( gps ). navigation systems are the most critical application for precise time. gps, in particular, is widely used for navigating ships, planes, missiles, trucks, and cars anywhere on earth. these systems are all base...
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from day to day. on the basis of this computed time scale, a clock reference system is steered to produce clock signals which serve as the usno master clock. the clock reference system is driven by a hydrogen maser atomic clock. hydrogen masers are extremely stable clocks over short time periods ( less than one week )....
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the steps by which molecules in the primordial soup came together to form the genetic backbone of life are largely unknown. one approach to finding out is to artificially create basic life functions in the laboratory and consider if such conditions might have been possible in the earth ’ s past. writing in physical rev...
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one of the more interesting microsoft projects is " simulating biological systems in the stochastic pi calculus. " the idea is to create a more scaleable way to track " the behavior of biological systems. " one approach is to build a so - called stochastic pi machine, a project driven by andrew phillips of microsoft re...
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the origins of intel ' s new transistor, and its future a q & a with chenming hu, coinventor of both the finfet and its likely competitor photo : peg skorpinski 9 may 2011 — last wednesday, intel announced a big change to the electronic switches at the heart of its cpus. going forward, the firm will be using three - di...
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ieee spectrum : the idea for finfets has been around for a while. how did it all get started? chenming hu : darpa [ the defense advanced research projects agency ] sent out a request for proposals in 1996 for ideas to develop electronic switches beyond 25 nm. at the time, the industry was using 250 - nm transistors, an...
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key : " s : " = show synset ( semantic ) relations, " w : " = show word ( lexical ) relations display options for sense : ( gloss ) " an example sentence " - s : ( v ) compel, oblige, obligate ( force somebody to do something ) " we compel all students to fill out this form " - direct troponym / full troponym - s : ( v...
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| direct imaging of asymmetric magnetization reversal | the phenomenon of exchange bias has transformed how data is read on magnetic hard disks and created an explosion in their information storage density. however, it remains poorly understood, and even the fundamental mechanism of magnetic reversal for exchange - bia...
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– stanford team resorted to x - ray photoemission electron microscopy ( peem ) imaging of high - quality single - crystal ferromagnetic iron epitaxially grown on antiferromagnetic mnpd ( all on an mgo substrate ), samples that had been previously well - characterized magnetically and structurally. at an iron absorption...
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tau researchers part of team of international scientists to uncover the " god particle " wednesday, july 25, 2012 higgs boson particle crucial for explaining how the universe was built tel aviv university ' s prof. yaron oz, dean of tau ' s faculty of exact sciences, and prof. aharon levy of tau ' s school of physics a...
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translated by w. d. ross. we have treated of that which is primarily and to which all the other categories of being are referred — i. e. of substance. for it is in virtue of the concept of substance that the others also are said to be — quantity and quality and the like ; for all will be found to involve the concept of...
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thing may well be capable of being or coming to be, and yet not be or be about to be. but from the premisses this necessarily follows, that if we actually supposed that which is not, but is capable of being, to be or to have come to be, there will be nothing impossible in this ; but the result will be impossible, for t...
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of the kind of potency which is related to movement, let us discuss actuality — what, and what kind of thing, actuality is. for in the course of our analysis it will also become clear, with regard to the potential, that we not only ascribe potency to that whose nature it is to move something else, or to be moved by som...
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casket is not ‘ earthen ’ nor ‘ earth ’, but ‘ wooden ’ ; for this is potentially a casket and this is the matter of a casket, wood in general of a casket in general, and this particular wood of this particular casket. and if there is a first thing, which is no longer, in reference to something else, called ‘ thaten ’,...
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the act of building ), yet none the less the act is in the former case the end and in the latter more of an end than the potency is. for the act of building is realized in the thing that is being built, and comes to be, and is, at the same time as the house. where, then, the result is something apart from the exercise,...
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in respect of substance ’. nothing, then, which is in the full sense imperishable is in the full sense potentially existent ( though there is nothing to prevent its being so in some respect, e. g. potentially of a certain quality or in a certain place ) ; all imperishable things, then, exist actually. nor can anything ...
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’ s thinking is an actuality ; so that the potency proceeds from an actuality ; and therefore it is by making constructions that people come to know them ( though the single actuality is later in generation than the corresponding potency ). the terms ‘ being ’ and ‘ non - being ’ are employed firstly with reference to ...
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not the same ; but ( a ) truth or falsity is as follows — contact and assertion are truth ( assertion not being the same as affirmation ), and ignorance is non - contact. for it is not possible to be in error regarding the question what a thing is, save in an accidental sense ; and the same holds good regarding non - c...
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diamonds are a scientist ' s best friend : research into building better small machines do diamonds really last forever? that ' s the hope of university of wisconsin - madison researchers who are trying to solve the problems associated with building extremely small machines and having them withstand the test of time, w...
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rolling, the machines made from it fail. two solutions to the problem include improving silicon ' s wearability or finding a new material. carpick is putting his money a new material : diamond. the published study reported on data taken exclusively at the synchrotron radiation center, an electron storage ring located a...
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see wikipedia article on chaitin ' s construction, referring to e. g. - computing a glimpse of randomness ( written by cristian s. calude, michael j. dinneen, and chi - kou shu ) - omega and why math has no toes ( gregory chaitin ). 2 basing it on combinatory logic see the prefix coding system described in binary lambd...
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##ymbol, kay, ess ) where data basesymbol = k | s kay, ess : : basesymbol kay = k ess = s 2. 2. 3 utility modules 188. 8. 131. 52 binary tree module tree ( tree ( leaf, branch ) ) where data tree a = leaf a | branch ( tree a ) ( tree a ) module parser ( parser, item ) where import control. monad. state ( statet, get, p...
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exploring nonlinear mechanical behaviour of rocks at lance smarts - spectrometer for materials research at temperature and stress atomic - scale stress - strain information obtained from the neutron rietveld data indicate that the strain experienced by the crystalline quartz is ~ 1 / 5 of the macroscopic strain ( the r...
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in 1985, a high school kid is accidentally transported in a time machine, back to the year 1955. but the actions he takes while he is there create a paradox in the space - time continuum. when he returns to the 1985 reality from which he was originally transported, he discovers that the paradox has altered it. this for...
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existence of any distinction between the nature of a thing and its relationship to other things. post - structuralists generally reject the notion of formulations of “ essential relations ” in primitive cultures, languages, or descriptions of psychological phenomena being forms of aristotelianism, rationalism, or ideal...
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binding extra - linguistic value paradigms defining notions of collective identity and ultimate purpose, but rather by our automatic responses to different species of " language games " ( a concept lyotard imports from jl austin ' s theory of speech acts ). in his vision of a solution to this " vertigo, " lyotard oppos...
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individual differences | methods | statistics | clinical | educational | industrial | professional items | world psychology | philosophy index : aesthetics · epistemology · ethics · logic · metaphysics · consciousness · philosophy of language · philosophy of mind · philosophy of science · social and political philosoph...
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greenhouse effect basics : warm earth, cold atmosphere posted on 29 february 2012 by tom curtis heating and heat flow some physics, everyone knows. in our daily lives we encounter the effects of physics all the time, and as a result, we know what physics predicts in those circumstances at a gut level. we may not be abl...
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" a hologram is a flat surface that, under proper illumination, appears to contain a three - dimensional image. a hologram may also project a three - dimensional image into the air — a lifelike image that can be photographed although it cannot be touched. because they cannot be copied by ordinary means, holograms are w...
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, nickel, uranium, bismuth, tungsten, and zinc were mined, smelted and partially processed. based on mining and metallurgy, the “ industrialization ” of the region took place in different historical stages. the component parts of the serial nomination are composed of carefully selected historical witnesses including pr...
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | proceedings of symposia in applied mathematics 1998 ; 275 pp ; hardcover list price : us $ 60 member price : us $ 48 order code : psapm / 55 there exists a history of great expectations and large investments involving artificial intelligence ( ai ). there are also notable shortfalls and memo...
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an open hole. a knitted border on a piece of knitted fabric that keeps the center edge from stretching ; adds a neat trim to an otherwise rough - looking edge ; and creates a place for fastenings such as buttons. most often appears on cardigan sweaters. 1. a type of knitting increase that leaves a horizontal bar under ...
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larger scale. a thick, heavy fabric into which raised patterns have been woven. knit pattern abbreviation for cable 4 back, meaning a cable worked over 4 stitches from behind your work. knit pattern abbreviation for cable 4 front, meaning a cable worked over 4 stitches in front of your work. knit pattern abbreviation f...
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a type of lace pattern characterized by small openwork motifs distributed over a solid fabric. a liquid medium that you apply to a worked piece during blocking, which dries invisible and makes your fabric rigid. a kind of knitted lace pattern composed of nothing but the simplest lace - making unit — a yarn over followe...
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a process to block your crochetwork or knitting by spraying the fabric with water to dampen it, then laying the fabric in the intended shape. a knitting stitch pattern abbreviation for slip, slip, knit the slip stitches together, which creates a left - slanting decrease. a tasteless, odorless substance used to stiffen ...
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trilobite olenoides erratus. source : mark a. wilson a fossil is the preserved remain of a lifeform that lived in prehistoric times. most commonly fossils are mineralized parts or a whole organism which is no longer alive. in other cases the fossil may contain actual remains of the dead organism ; in particular, dna ma...
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metaphysics - the study of the true nature of reality. metaphysics has evolved over the centuries as human consciousness has developed to include science and spiritual awareness as tools to explore and observe the true nature of reality. reality, or physical reality, includes everything we experience. thoughts, ideas, ...
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, god, or whatever you want to call it. once you access this point, you will find your level of awareness expands in a way that permits your conscious mind to perceive physical reality more accurately and effectively. you will then find that the words you read, hear and experience coming from " others " are in fact mir...
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joined : 16 mar 2004 | posted : thu aug 06, 2009 11 : 24 am post subject : nanotubes could aid understanding of retrovirus transmission | recent findings by medical researchers indicate that naturally occurring nanotubes may serve as tunnels that protect retroviruses and bacteria in transit from diseased to healthy cel...
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antimatter came about as a solution to the fact that the equation describing a free particle in motion ( the relativistic relation between energy, momentum and mass ) has not only positive energy solutions, but negative ones as well! if this were true, nothing would stop a particle from falling down to infinite negativ...
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learning causality in a complex world : understandings of consequence source : rowman & littlefield education, lanham, maryland ( 2012 ) call number : cubb bd591. g765 2012 contents : introduction - - simple linear causality : one thing makes another happen - - the cognitive science of simple causality : why do we get ...
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press release : the 2003 nobel prize in physics 7 october 2003 the royal swedish academy of sciences has decided to award the nobel prize in physics for 2003 " for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids " alexei a. abrikosov argonne national laboratory, argonne, illinois, usa, vitaly ...
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the rare isotope 3he have to form pairs analogous with pairs of electrons in metallic superconductors. the decisive theory explaining how the atoms interact and are ordered in the superfluid state was formulated in the 1970s by anthony leggett. recent studies show how this order passes into chaos or turbulence, which i...
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of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force ; " work equals force times distance " hypernym ( s ) : energy, free _ energy 10. work - noun · a place where work is done ; " he arrived at work early today " ...
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elemental analysis is a process where a sample of some material ( e. g., soil, waste or drinking water, bodily fluids, minerals, chemical compounds ) is analyzed for its elemental and sometimes isotopic composition. elemental analysis can be qualitative ( determining what elements are present ), and it can be quantitat...
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, you can use entropy to modify the state as well, to make sure things don ’ t get too predictable. most operating systems have special ways of getting “ secure ” random numbers that handle this for you. another example of entropy : if you play the game dragon warrior for the nintendo, but use an emulator instead of a ...
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| name, symbol, number | | krypton, kr, 36 | chemical series | | noble gases | | group, period, block | | 18, 4, p | | appearance | | colorless | | atomic mass | | 83. 798 ( 2 ) g / mol | | electron configuration | | [ ar ] 3d10 4s2 4p6 | | electrons per shell | | 2, 8, 18, 8 | | density | | ( 0 °c, 101. 325 kpa ) | | ...
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air, and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps. krypton is inert for most practical purposes but it is known to form compounds with fluorine. krypton can also form clathrates with water when atoms of it are trapped in a lattice of the water molecules. notable characteristics edit krypton, a noble gas...
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williams, h. paul ( 2009 ) logic and integer programming. international series in operations research & management science. springer, london, uk. isbn 9780387922799 integer programming ( discrete optimization ) is best used for solving problems involving discrete, whole elements. using integer variables, one can model ...
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concept. the basic idea is that the human mind can keep track of about seven at once, or can differentiate between seven or so different ( but similar ) things. the phrase comes from the title of a 1956 paper by harvard professor george a. miller titled, the magical number seven, plus or minus two : some limits on our ...
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search loci : convergence : the reader may here observe the force of numbers, which can be successfully applied, even to those things, which one would imagine are subject to no rules. there are very few things which we know, which are not capable of being reduc ' d to a mathematical reasoning ; and when they cannot it ...
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need the other part, too. among these 27 / 196 of the families, 13 / 196 of all families have two boys, by pure counting, so the result is p = 13 / 27as the fraction of the families that satisfied the condition. note that it is just slightly less than 1 / 2 = 13. 5 / 27 i. e. much more than 1 / 3. i had to highlight th...
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states respectively, for bosons and fermions, 7 or 6 are two - son states, respectively. so the odds are 7 / 14 = 1 / 2 for the bosons and 6 / 13 for the fermions. note that the bosons literally saturate the 1 / 2 bound while the fermions are just slightly below it. why not one third? finally, i want to comment on " wh...
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to experimental data of the proton transfer in this polypeptide showed the possibilities of the simulation of the lrpt by the sdmc algorithm. the promising results encouraged us to investigate the mechanism of the lrpt, especially, if the reorientation of the hbn or the electrostatic energy barrier of the charge transf...
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closing in on the planck constant sep 25, 1998 physicists in the us have made the most accurate measurements ever of the planck constant, h. edwin williams and colleagues at the national institute of standards and technology in gaithersburg, maryland, measured h by comparing the voltage needed to control the velocity o...
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ultrafast electron microscope makes movies dec 8, 2006 physicists have created a new form of electron microscopy that can make " movies " of atoms as they undergo ultra - rapid chemical or structural transitions. ahmed zewail and colleagues at the california institute of technology in the us have used coincident electr...
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an intermediate phenotype, or codominance by expressing both alleles at once. when a pair of organisms reproduce sexually, their offspring randomly inherit one of the two alleles from each parent. these observations of discrete inheritance and the segregation of alleles are collectively known as mendel ' s first law or...
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key : " s : " = show synset ( semantic ) relations, " w : " = show word ( lexical ) relations display options for sense : ( gloss ) " an example sentence " - s : ( n ) bear ( massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws ) - s : ( n ) bear ( an investor with a pessimistic...
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key : " s : " = show synset ( semantic ) relations, " w : " = show word ( lexical ) relations display options for sense : ( gloss ) " an example sentence " - s : ( n ) skim ( a thin layer covering the surface of a liquid ) " there was a thin skim of oil on the water " - s : ( n ) skim, skimming ( reading or glancing th...
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biodegradable transistors - - made from us wednesday, march 7, 2012 award - winning tau research uses self - assembling blood, milk, and mucus proteins to build next generation technology silicon, a semi - conducting element, is the basis of most modern technology, including cellular phones and computers. but according...
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self - assembled to create a semi - conducting film on a nano - scale. in the case of blood protein, for example, the film is approximately four nanometers high. the current technology in use now is 18 nanometers, says mentovich. together, the three different kinds of proteins create a complete circuit with electronic ...
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development of reliable closed - cycle life - support systems for multi - year missions. these missions also require new technologies such as aerobraking ( to help conserve propellants by utilizing the atmospheres of mars and earth for flight maneuvers ), storage and handling of cryogenics, ( i. e., gases supercooled t...
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this multimedia lesson for grades 7 - 10 explores the physical forces that act in concert to create snowflakes. students build an apparatus that creates conditions similar to a winter cloud and produce their own snow crystals indoors. by watching the snow crystals grow, they learn about how snowflake size and shape is ...
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electron configuration, particularly the outermost electrons, determines how the atom can interact with other atoms. atoms form bonds to other atoms by transferring or sharing electrons. 9 - 12 : 4d / h7a. atoms often join with one another in various combinations in distinct molecules or in repeating three - dimensiona...
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modern programming languages have little support for writing secure software, making it all too easy to write programs with exploitable vulnerabilities. in these lectures, we explore a general technique based on type qualifiers that allows programmers to write down, in their souce code, their intentions with respect to...
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we consider a simple pure substance under hydrostatic conditions described by the following fundamental equation : where the extensive variables u, v and n are the internal energy, the volume, and the number of particles respectively, and the intensive variables t, p and are the temperature, the pressure and the chemic...
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at various points along the path toward productive nanosystems for molecular manufacturing it would be useful to be able to calculate the properties and reactions of assemblies of atoms of various sizes. within the domain of non - relativistic quantum mechanics, such information is supplied by the schrodinger equation,...
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deoxidation is the removal of excess oxygen from molten metal. the procedure involves adding materials with a high affinity for oxygen, the oxides of which are either gaseous or readily form slags. the deoxidation of steel is usually performed by adding mn, si and al, or rarely by adding cr, v, ti, zr and b. the deoxid...
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HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
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% ti | | 2. 8 x 10 - 6 | | > 5 % ti | | 1. 9 x 10 - 3 | | < 0. 10 v | | 8. 9 x 10 - 8 | | - 48060 / t + 18. 61 | | > 0. 3 % v | | 2. 9 x 10 - 6 | | - 43200 / t + 17. 52 in all cases, the oxygen and the alloying element in solution are in equilibrium with the appropriate gas, liquid or solid oxide phases at 1600°c, e. g...
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electricity and magnetism the dot product introduction to the vector dot product. the dot product use this menu to view and help create subtitles for this video in many different languages. you ' ll probably want to hide youtube ' s captions if using these subtitles. - let ' s learn a little bit about the dot product. ...
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vector a. - it ' s just our basic calculus. - or another way you could view it, just multiply both sides - by the magnitude of vector a. - you get the projection of a onto b, which is just a fancy - way of saying, this side ; the part of a that goes in the - same direction as b - - is another way to say it - - is - equ...
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hacking quantum cryptography just got harder with quantum encryption, in which a message gets encoded in bits represented by particles in different states, a secret message can remain secure even if the system is compromised by a malicious hacker. credit : margita | shutterstock vancouver, british columbia — no matter ...
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pad. " you just write your message as a sequence of bits and you then add those bits to a key and obtain a cryptogram, " ekert said. " if you take the cryptogram and add it to the key, you get plain text. in fact, one can prove that if the keys are random and as long as the messages, then the system offers perfect secu...
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this mathematically oriented introduction to the theory of logic programming presents a systematic exposition of the resolution method for propositional, first - order, and horn - clause logics, together with an analysis of the semantic aspects of the method. it is through the inference rule of resolution that both pro...
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keynote address : research agenda and policy perspectives on agriculture for development the keynote address of the conference, by justin lin, the chief economist at the world bank, focuses on future research priorities and the process of implementing the policy objectives of the 2008 world development report, " agricu...
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sep. 13, 2012 it ' s not a magic trick and it ' s not sleight of hand - - scientists really are using levitation to improve the drug development process, eventually yielding more effective pharmaceuticals with fewer side effects. scientists at the u. s. department of energy ' s ( doe ) argonne national laboratory have ...
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HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
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at argonne ' s advanced photon source. " this allows amorphization of the drug to be studied while it is being processed, " said rick weber, who works on the project team at the synchrotron. the acoustic levitator uses two small speakers to generate sound waves at frequencies slightly above the audible range - - roughl...
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american heritage® dictionary of the english language, fourth edition - n. a form or part that is folded or coiled. - n. one of the convex folds of the surface of the brain. century dictionary and cyclopedia - n. the act of rolling. or winding together, or of winding one part or thing on another ; the motion or process...
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this winter i ’ m taking a course on urban education. our first topic : segregation and desegregation in schools. firstly, what do we mean by segregation? as a working definition, i ’ ll offer that segregation is the spatial pattern of people across some attribute. so we could talk about segregation by race, by income,...
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event - source objects represent command gates in the i / o kit. another name for the os x core operating system, or kernel environment. the darwin kernel environment is equivalent to the os x kernel plus the bsd libraries and commands essential to the bsd commands environment. darwin is open source technology. ( direc...
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driver objects that the application can then use to load an appropriate device interface. also referred to as device discovery. see device driver - driver matching in the i / o kit, a process in which a nub, after discovering a specific hardware device, searches for the driver or drivers most suited to drive that devic...
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partition of another program. although os x has memory protection, mac os 8 and 9 do not. a mutual - exclusion locking object that allows multiple threads to synchronize access to shared resources. a mutex has two states : locked and unlocked. once a mutex has been locked by a thread, other threads attempting to lock i...
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used to temporarily hold information at execution time. addresses in a process ’ s virtual memory are mapped to addresses in physical memory. see also virtual memory ( programmed input / output ) a way to move data between a device and system memory in which each byte is transferred under control of the host processor....
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HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
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| | this article needs additional citations for verification. ( march 2011 ) | nuclear meltdown is an informal term for a severe nuclear reactor accident that results in core damage from overheating. the term is not officially defined by the international atomic energy agency or by the u. s. nuclear regulatory commissi...
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efficiency ( when using an inert gas as a coolant ) and in others may form an insulating " bubble " of steam surrounding the fuel assemblies ( for pressurized water reactors ). in the latter case, due to localized heating of the " steam bubble " due to decay heat, the pressure required to collapse the " steam bubble " ...
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the core and can cause the fuel assemblies to melt. a fire may be caused by air entering a graphite moderated reactor, or a liquid - sodium cooled reactor. graphite is also subject to accumulation of wigner energy, which can overheat the graphite ( as happened at the windscale fire ). light water reactors do not have f...
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is not susceptible to meltdown, additional capabilities of heat removal are provided by using regular atmospheric airflow as a means of backup heat removal, by having it pass through a heat exchanger and rising into the atmosphere due to convection, achieving full residual heat removal. the vhtr is scheduled to be prot...
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signal - to - noise ratio ( often abbreviated snr or s / n ) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. it is defined as the ratio of signal power to the noise power. a ratio higher than 1 : 1 indicates more signal than noise. while snr is ...
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as normalizing the noise level to 1 ( 0 db ) and measuring how far the signal ' stands out '. difference from conventional power in physics power ( physics ) of an ac signal is defined as but in signal processing and communication we usually assume that so that usually we don ' t include that resistance term while meas...
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. for example, it is sometimes possible to use a lock - in amplifier to modulate and confine the signal within a very narrow bandwidth and then filter the detected signal to the narrow band where it resides, thereby eliminating most of the broadband noise. when the signal is constant or periodic and the noise is random...
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corrosion and easier to weld. russia used such an aluminium - scandium alloy for its mig fighter planes during the cold war era. but from a commercial perspective, the alloy is prohibitively expensive. the scientific challenge that professor wu ' s centre has taken on is to determine how scandium works when added to al...
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. in this initial test electrodes were placed on the subject ' s scalp to measure brain responses. professor roberts said : " eeg gives graph - like measurements and when the brain reads a sentence that does not make semantic sense it registers what we call a n400 effect – a negative wave modulation. when the brain rea...
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analog input channels temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter expressed in units of degrees on a standard scale. you can measure temperature in many different ways that vary in equipment cost and accuracy. the most common types of sensors are thermocouples, rtds, an...
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mit professor ’ s book digs into the eclectic, textually linked reading choices of people in medieval london. the glitter of gold may hold more than just beauty, or so says a team of mit researchers that is working on ways to use tiny gold rods to fight cancer, deliver drugs and more. but before gold nanorods can live ...
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infrared light. when the concentration of ctab is high, heat is dissipated more slowly. that information could help scientists design nanorods that fight cancer agents by burning away tumor cells when activated with infrared light. in the second paper, published online aug. 22 in the journal langmuir, the team demonstr...
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key : " s : " = show synset ( semantic ) relations, " w : " = show word ( lexical ) relations display options for sense : ( gloss ) " an example sentence " - s : ( n ) guard ( a person who keeps watch over something or someone ) - s : ( n ) guard ( the person who plays that position on a football team ) " the left guar...
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| the surprising appearance of nanotubular fullerene d5h ( 1 ) - c90 | the previously undetected fullerene d5h ( 1 ) - c90 — with a distinct nanotubular shape — has been isolated as the major c90 isomer produced from sm2o3 - doped graphite rods and structurally identified by single - crystal x - ray diffraction. fuller...
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fullerene is constructed of 12 pentagonal rings of carbon atoms and a number of hexagonal rings. for example, the prototypical c60, the most readily prepared fullerene, has 20 hexagonal rings in addition to the 12 pentagons. isolating higher fullerenes in an isomerically pure form is challenging, especially since the n...
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., fabricated a series of small but complete processor chips based on a reversible technology ; frank continues this work at florida state university. at the university of gent in belgium, alexis de vos and his colleagues have built several reversible adders and other circuits. it ' s important to note that building a ...
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