instruction stringlengths 14 4.34k | output stringlengths 1 6.77k | dataset stringclasses 11
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|---|---|---|
Alkenes react with what to form dihalides? | halogens | sciq |
The moon has a crust, mantle, and a? | core | sciq |
What is a fluid-filled body cavity that is completely enclosed by mesoderm called? | coelom | sciq |
Myopia and hyperopia are defects that can be corrected with devices? | lenses | sciq |
What term means taking used items and materials and turning them into something new? | recycling | sciq |
Without dinoflagellate symbionts, corals lose algal pigments in a process called coral bleaching and eventually die, while corals in turn provide protection, making this what type of relationship?. | symbiotic | sciq |
What type of energy travels through space as electrical and magnetic waves? | electromagnetic energy | sciq |
What energy is stored in a person or object? | potential energy | sciq |
Dissolved oxygen in seawater is critical for sea creatures, but as the oceans warm, oxygen becomes less what? | soluble | sciq |
What type of electrons are attracted to the positive nucleus? | negative electrons | sciq |
Shivering helps the body return to a stable what? | temperature | sciq |
Animal cells grow mainly by synthesizing protein-rich cytoplasm, a process that is described as expensive in what way? | metabolically | sciq |
What is produced when an egg is fertilized by a sperm in a fallopian tube? | zygote | sciq |
Solid balls of water and dust falling from the sky are known as? | hail | sciq |
What do fission reactors use to slow down the neutrons? | moderator | sciq |
Group 15 of the periodic table is also called which group? | nitrogen | sciq |
What can increase the occurance of earthquakes? | two plates sliding | sciq |
A system of glands secretes what chemical messenger molecules into the blood? | hormones | sciq |
What does the moon not have to protect it from extreme temperatures? | atmosphere | sciq |
What part of the sweet potato store sugar from photosynthesis as starch? | roots | sciq |
Which organ in the body controls the amount of water loss in urine in response to maintaining homeostasis? | kidneys | sciq |
What causes rivers to always flow downhill? | gravity | sciq |
The variable is the speed of light. for the relationship to hold mathematically, if the speed of light is used in m/s, the wavelength must be in meters and the frequency in what? | hertz | sciq |
What paired organs that are part of the urinary system play the prime role in excretion? | kidneys | sciq |
What kingdom of organisms constitutes up to 20 percent of all living things on earth in mass? | archaeans | sciq |
What type of treatment is being researched that may cure or prevent genetic disorders? | gene therapy | sciq |
What are the three fundamental phases of matter? | solid, liquid, and gas | sciq |
What term describes anything that occupies space and has mass, and is generally divided into three states? | matter | sciq |
Behaviors that occur naturally and are not learned are called what? | innate | sciq |
Common disease of what system include asthma, pneumonia, and emphysema? | the respiratory system | sciq |
What term refers to any method of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in another form? | carbon sequestration | sciq |
Creep, which usually takes place where the ground freezes and thaws frequently, involves movement of particles due to what force? | gravity | sciq |
What are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances with different properties called? | elements | sciq |
What bone forms the upper jaw and supports the upper teeth? | maxillary bone | sciq |
Instead of a nervous system, plant responses are generally controlled by what type of molecules, which serves as chemical messengers? | hormones | sciq |
What are made from highly reflective metal that is applied to a curved or flat piece of glass? | mirrors | sciq |
The cell wall of plants is made up of a complex carbohydrate that is a polymer of what sugar? | glucose | sciq |
The golgi apparatus works like a mail room by receiving and sending what? | proteins | sciq |
What kind of cells have positive cell potentials, and all the reduction reactions are reversible? | galvanic cells | sciq |
What is common in muscles that have become exhausted by use? | lactic acid fermentation | sciq |
What control reproductive cycles, which are in turn regulated by environmental cues? | hormones | sciq |
What causes polarization in a neutral object? | separation of charges | sciq |
Burning of methane is a type of what, which involves the breaking and forming of bonds? | chemical reaction | sciq |
The period of life between the start of puberty and the beginning of adulthood is called? | adolescence | sciq |
What is the term for a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell? | organelle | sciq |
Vertebrates also require relatively large quantities of calcium and phosphorus for building and maintaining what? | bone | sciq |
What can exposure to chemical or biological agents cause later in life? | an acquired immunodeficiency | sciq |
What is caused by differences in density at the top and bottom of the ocean? | deep currents | sciq |
Which human body system is a complex network of nervous tissue that carries electrical messages throughout the body? | the nervous system | sciq |
Internal functions are coordinated and regulated so that the internal environment of a living thing is relatively constant, referred to as what? | homeostasis | sciq |
What type of chemistry is the study of the composition of matter? | analytical | sciq |
Varicose veins are veins that become enlarged because the valves no longer do this? | close properly | sciq |
What is the total range of the energy from the sun called? | electromagnetic spectrum | sciq |
What do we call the scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation? | genetics | sciq |
Studies have shown that not only does reproduction have a cost as far as how long male fruit flies live, but also fruit flies that have already mated several times have limited amounts of this? | sperm | sciq |
What type of rock is a sandstone? | sedimentary rocks | sciq |
The interaction of what opposite factors describe a biome and ecosystem? | abiotic and biotic | sciq |
A basic function of cells includes obtaining what from glucose? | energy | sciq |
What produces microspores that develop into pollen grains containing male gametophytes? | stamens | sciq |
How many chromosomes are in each set? | 23 | sciq |
Ocean currents transfer heat from the equator towards what locations? | poles | sciq |
The pituitary gland is associated with what bodily system? | endocrine | sciq |
What are changes in membrane potential that vary continuously with the strength of a stimulus are known as? | graded potentials | sciq |
Catabolic and anabolic hormones in the body help regulate these? | metabolic processes | sciq |
Some plants have stolons, or stems, that run along the ground and are commonly called what? | runners | sciq |
What is a key factor in the growth of populations? | immigration | sciq |
The name of which ion always comes first? | positive ion | sciq |
Bryophyta is the formal taxonomic name for the phylum that consists solely of what? | mosses | sciq |
What is stacked in layers in "layer cake geology"? | rock stata | sciq |
Nonshivering thermogenesis, which involves the breakdown of brown adipose tissue, is a special methods newborns have for what purpose? | generating heat | sciq |
What glands in the breast secrete milk? | mammary glands | sciq |
Adult tunicates also develop a sac, called a what? | tunic | sciq |
What are the sporophytes in ferns? | leafy plants | sciq |
The flow of water through the sponge is unidirectional, driven by the beating of what? | flagella | sciq |
In the water molecule, two of the electron pairs are lone pairs rather than what? | bonding pairs | sciq |
Marine fishes take in divalent ions by incessantly drinking what? | seawater | sciq |
Prions are slow-acting, virtually indestructible infectious proteins that cause diseases of what vital organ in mammals? | brain | sciq |
What explains why two different species cannot occupy the same niche in the same place for very long? | competive exclusion princple | sciq |
What is the term for the hard, round object produced within the mantle of a living shelled mollusk? | pearl | sciq |
Blood enters the heart in what valve? | atria | sciq |
What protists absorb food molecules across their cell membranes? | absorptive | sciq |
What is the term for stored energy that an object has due to its position or shape? | potential energy | sciq |
What phenomenon, crucial for evolution, creates new genetic variation in a gene pool and is how all new alleles first arise? | mutation | sciq |
What helps ensure that, at least, some species will survive environmental change? | biodiversity | sciq |
Gametes are products through meiosis in which organs? | gonads | sciq |
Sound navigation and ranging is an acronym for what, which is used to locate underwater objects such as submarines? | sonar | sciq |
Why are the stems of many xerophytes fleshy? | stores water | sciq |
A desmosome is a cell structure that anchors the ends of what fibers together? | cardiac muscle | sciq |
Hydrogen sulfide is a noxious and toxic gas produced from decaying organic matter that contains what? | sulfur | sciq |
What term means the amount of space matter takes up? | volume | sciq |
What is formed when sperm mixes with secretions from the various other glands of the reproductive system? | semen | sciq |
What liquid is referred to as the "universal solvent"? | water | sciq |
What is produced during the light reactions in photosynthesis? | oxygen | sciq |
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa are examples of what, the term for a disease-causing microorganism? | pathogen | sciq |
What are the male gametes called? | sperm | sciq |
Heart valves prevent what kind of blood flow from happening in the heart? | backflow | sciq |
What is our sun's next stage called? | red giant | sciq |
Gibbs free energy values can be used to determine what? | equilibrium constants | sciq |
What do you call the symbiotic relationship where a parasite benefits while the host is harmed? | parasitism | sciq |
What kinds of cells that are important to our physical functioning can atrophy when they are not used? | muscles | sciq |
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