episode stringlengths 45 100 | text stringlengths 1 528 | timestamp_link stringlengths 56 56 |
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | How far can we get in this kind of way? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:35:44.240 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | So here is almost philosophy. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:35:47.840 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | Well, let's go there. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:35:51.560 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | Yeah, let's go there. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:35:53.120 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | So a friend of mine, Max Tegmark, who is a physicist at MIT. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:35:54.240 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | I've talked to him on this thing. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:00.200 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | Yeah, and he disagrees with you, right? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:01.560 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | A little bit. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:03.800 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | Yeah, we agree on most. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:04.440 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | But the conclusion is a bit different. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:07.040 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | His conclusion is that for images, for instance, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:10.160 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | the compositional structure of this function | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:14.640 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | that we have to learn or to solve these problems | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:19.440 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | comes from physics, comes from the fact | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:23.360 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | that you have local interactions in physics | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:27.760 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | between atoms and other atoms, between particle | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:31.920 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | of matter and other particles, between planets | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:37.440 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | and other planets, between stars and other. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:41.120 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | It's all local. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:44.400 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | And that's true. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:48.320 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | But you could push this argument a bit further. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:51.160 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | Not this argument, actually. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:56.280 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | You could argue that maybe that's part of the truth. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:36:57.600 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | But maybe what happens is kind of the opposite, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:37:02.800 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | is that our brain is wired up as a deep network. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:37:06.800 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | So it can learn, understand, solve | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:37:11.840 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | problems that have this compositional structure | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:37:18.240 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | and it cannot solve problems that don't have | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:37:22.800 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | this compositional structure. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:37:27.520 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | So the problems we are accustomed to, we think about, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:37:29.400 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | we test our algorithms on, are this compositional structure | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:37:34.920 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | because our brain is made up. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:37:40.160 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | And that's, in a sense, an evolutionary perspective | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:37:42.600 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | that we've. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:37:45.400 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | So the ones that didn't have, that weren't | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:37:46.400 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | dealing with the compositional nature of reality died off? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:37:50.120 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | Yes, but also could be maybe the reason | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:37:55.200 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | why we have this local connectivity in the brain, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:00.320 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | like simple cells in cortex looking | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:05.480 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | only at the small part of the image, each one of them, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:08.840 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | and then other cells looking at the small number | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:11.920 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | of these simple cells and so on. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:14.680 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | The reason for this may be purely | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:16.360 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | that it was difficult to grow long range connectivity. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:19.960 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | So suppose it's for biology. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:25.080 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | It's possible to grow short range connectivity but not | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:28.640 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | long range also because there is a limited number of long range | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:34.280 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | that you can. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:38.560 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | And so you have this limitation from the biology. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:39.720 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | And this means you build a deep convolutional network. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:45.000 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | This would be something like a deep convolutional network. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:50.160 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | And this is great for solving certain class of problems. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:53.600 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | These are the ones we find easy and important for our life. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:38:57.800 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | And yes, they were enough for us to survive. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:02.880 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | And you can start a successful business | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:07.320 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | on solving those problems with Mobileye. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:10.800 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | Driving is a compositional problem. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:14.600 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | So on the learning task, we don't | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:17.360 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | know much about how the brain learns | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:21.080 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | in terms of optimization. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:24.000 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | So the thing that's stochastic gradient descent | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:26.320 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | is what artificial neural networks use for the most part | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:29.040 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | to adjust the parameters in such a way that it's | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:33.760 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | able to deal based on the label data, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:37.520 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | it's able to solve the problem. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:40.640 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | So what's your intuition about why it works at all? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:42.520 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | How hard of a problem it is to optimize | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:50.040 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | a neural network, artificial neural network? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:53.360 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | Is there other alternatives? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:56.320 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | Just in general, your intuition is | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:39:58.720 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | behind this very simplistic algorithm | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:01.640 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | that seems to do pretty good, surprisingly so. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:03.800 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | Yes. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:06.640 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | So I find neuroscience, the architecture of cortex, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:07.840 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | is really similar to the architecture of deep networks. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:13.840 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | So there is a nice correspondence there | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:17.440 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | between the biology and this kind | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:20.360 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | of local connectivity, hierarchical architecture. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:23.160 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | The stochastic gradient descent, as you said, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:28.200 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | is a very simple technique. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:30.960 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | It seems pretty unlikely that biology could do that | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:35.760 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | from what we know right now about cortex and neurons | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:41.320 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | and synapses. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:47.360 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | So it's a big question open whether there | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:50.200 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | are other optimization learning algorithms that | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:53.080 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | can replace stochastic gradient descent. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:40:59.040 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | And my guess is yes, but nobody has found yet a real answer. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:41:02.000 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | I mean, people are trying, still trying, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:41:11.760 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | and there are some interesting ideas. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:41:13.840 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | The fact that stochastic gradient descent | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:41:18.280 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | is so successful, this has become clearly not so | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:41:22.000 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | mysterious. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:41:26.160 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | And the reason is that it's an interesting fact. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:41:27.640 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | It's a change, in a sense, in how | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:41:33.840 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | people think about statistics. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:41:36.840 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | And this is the following, is that typically when | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:41:39.280 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | you had data and you had, say, a model with parameters, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:41:45.160 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | you are trying to fit the model to the data, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:41:51.800 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | to fit the parameter. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:41:54.520 |
Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13 | Typically, the kind of crowd wisdom type idea | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0013-large.html#00:41:55.960 |
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