episode stringlengths 45 100 | text stringlengths 1 528 | timestamp_link stringlengths 56 56 |
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | to unroll the process that's happening? No, I had no clue. I remember, I think, in | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:07:46.040 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | the summer after my senior year – or maybe it was the summer after my junior year – well, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:07:55.560 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | at some point, I think, when I was 18, I went on a trip to the Math Olympiad in Eastern | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:08:03.060 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Europe, and there was like – I was part of the Dutch team, and there were other nerdy | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:08:11.600 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | kids that sort of had different experiences, and one of them told me about this amazing | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:08:16.920 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | thing called a computer. And I had never heard that word. My own explorations in electronics | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:08:23.040 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | were sort of about very simple digital circuits, and I had sort of – I had the idea that | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:08:31.840 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | I somewhat understood how a digital calculator worked. And so there is maybe some echoes | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:08:40.420 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | of computers there, but I never made that connection. I didn't know that when my parents | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:08:49.760 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | were paying for magazine subscriptions using punched cards, that there was something called | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:08:56.440 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | a computer that was involved that read those cards and transferred the money between accounts. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:09:03.520 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | I was also not really interested in those things. It was only when I went to university | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:09:08.260 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | to study math that I found out that they had a computer, and students were allowed to use | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:09:15.880 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | it. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:09:23.120 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | And there were some – you're supposed to talk to that computer by programming it. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:09:24.120 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | What did that feel like, finding – | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:09:27.800 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Yeah, that was the only thing you could do with it. The computer wasn't really connected | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:09:29.920 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | to the real world. The only thing you could do was sort of – you typed your program | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:09:35.440 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | on a bunch of punched cards. You gave the punched cards to the operator, and an hour | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:09:41.400 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | later the operator gave you back your printout. And so all you could do was write a program | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:09:47.840 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | that did something very abstract. And I don't even remember what my first forays into programming | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:09:55.520 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | were, but they were sort of doing simple math exercises and just to learn how a programming | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:10:04.080 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | language worked. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:10:13.440 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Did you sense, okay, first year of college, you see this computer, you're able to have | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:10:15.560 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | a program and it generates some output. Did you start seeing the possibility of this, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:10:21.680 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | or was it a continuation of the tinkering with circuits? Did you start to imagine that | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:10:29.420 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | one, the personal computer, but did you see it as something that is a tool, like a word | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:10:34.920 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | processing tool, maybe for gaming or something? Or did you start to imagine that it could | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:10:42.460 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | be going to the world of robotics, like the Frankenstein picture that you could create | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:10:47.160 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | an artificial being? There's like another entity in front of you. You did not see the | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:10:53.860 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | computer. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:10:59.640 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | I don't think I really saw it that way. I was really more interested in the tinkering. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:11:00.640 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | It's maybe not a sort of a complete coincidence that I ended up sort of creating a programming | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:11:05.840 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | language which is a tool for other programmers. I've always been very focused on the sort | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:11:14.920 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | of activity of programming itself and not so much what happens with the program you | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:11:20.360 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | write. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:11:28.920 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Right. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:11:29.920 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | I do remember, and I don't remember, maybe in my second or third year, probably my second | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:11:30.920 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | actually, someone pointed out to me that there was this thing called Conway's Game of Life. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:11:37.800 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | You're probably familiar with it. I think – | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:11:46.680 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | In the 70s, I think is when they came up with it. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:11:50.480 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | So there was a Scientific American column by someone who did a monthly column about | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:11:53.200 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | mathematical diversions. I'm also blanking out on the guy's name. It was very famous | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:12:00.840 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | at the time and I think up to the 90s or so. And one of his columns was about Conway's | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:12:06.580 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Game of Life and he had some illustrations and he wrote down all the rules and sort of | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:12:12.440 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | there was the suggestion that this was philosophically interesting, that that was why Conway had | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:12:18.160 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | called it that. And all I had was like the two pages photocopy of that article. I don't | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:12:23.720 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | even remember where I got it. But it spoke to me and I remember implementing a version | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:12:31.480 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | of that game for the batch computer we were using where I had a whole Pascal program that | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:12:40.200 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | sort of read an initial situation from input and read some numbers that said do so many | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:12:49.000 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | generations and print every so many generations and then out would come pages and pages of | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:12:56.480 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | sort of things. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:13:05.960 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | I remember much later I've done a similar thing using Python but that original version | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:13:08.480 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | I wrote at the time I found interesting because I combined it with some trick I had learned | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:13:18.360 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | during my electronics hobbyist times. I essentially first on paper I designed a simple circuit | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:13:27.700 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | built out of logic gates that took nine bits of input which is sort of the cell and its | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:13:36.000 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | neighbors and produced a new value for that cell and it's like a combination of a half | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:13:45.780 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | adder and some other clipping. It's actually a full adder. And so I had worked that out | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:13:54.040 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | and then I translated that into a series of Boolean operations on Pascal integers where | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:14:01.040 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | you could use the integers as bitwise values. And so I could basically generate 60 bits | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:14:10.520 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | of a generation in like eight instructions or so. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:14:21.740 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Nice. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:14:28.800 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | So I was proud of that. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:14:29.800 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | It's funny that you mentioned, so for people who don't know Conway's Game of Life, it's | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:14:32.560 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | a cellular automata where there's single compute units that kind of look at their neighbors | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:14:38.120 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | and figure out what they look like in the next generation based on the state of their | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:14:44.840 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | neighbors and this is deeply distributed system in concept at least. And then there's simple | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:14:50.080 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | rules that all of them follow and somehow out of this simple rule when you step back | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:14:57.840 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | and look at what occurs, it's beautiful. There's an emergent complexity. Even though the underlying | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:15:04.400 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | rules are simple, there's an emergent complexity. Now the funny thing is you've implemented | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:15:13.160 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | this and the thing you're commenting on is you're proud of a hack you did to make it | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:15:17.440 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | run efficiently. When you're not commenting on, it's a beautiful implementation, you're | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:15:23.660 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | not commenting on the fact that there's an emergent complexity that you've coded a simple | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:15:30.800 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | program and when you step back and you print out the following generation after generation, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:15:36.780 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | that's stuff that you may have not predicted would happen is happening. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:15:42.960 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | And is that magic? I mean, that's the magic that all of us feel when we program. When | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:15:48.400 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | you create a program and then you run it and whether it's Hello World or it shows something | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:15:53.600 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | on screen, if there's a graphical component, are you seeing the magic in the mechanism | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:15:59.240 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | of creating that? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:16:03.840 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | I think I went back and forth. As a student, we had an incredibly small budget of computer | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:16:05.200 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | time that we could use. It was actually measured. I once got in trouble with one of my professors | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:16:14.440 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | because I had overspent the department's budget. It's a different story. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:16:20.280 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | I actually wanted the efficient implementation because I also wanted to explore what would | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:16:29.640 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | happen with a larger number of generations and a larger size of the board. Once the implementation | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:16:36.900 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | was flawless, I would feed it different patterns and then I think maybe there was a follow | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:16:48.560 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | up article where there were patterns that were like gliders, patterns that repeated | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:16:57.000 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | themselves after a number of generations but translated one or two positions to the right | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:17:03.620 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | or up or something like that. I remember things like glider guns. Well, you can Google Conway's | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:17:13.200 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Game of Life. People still go aww and ooh over it. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:17:21.720 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | For a reason because it's not really well understood why. I mean, this is what Stephen | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:17:27.560 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Wolfram is obsessed about. We don't have the mathematical tools to describe the kind of | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:17:32.680 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | complexity that emerges in these kinds of systems. The only way you can do is to run | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:17:40.240 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | it. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:17:45.120 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | I'm not convinced that it's sort of a problem that lends itself to classic mathematical | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:17:47.120 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | analysis. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:17:55.720 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | One theory of how you create an artificial intelligence or artificial being is you kind | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:17:59.920 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | of have to, same with the Game of Life, you kind of have to create a universe and let | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:18:05.120 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | it run. That creating it from scratch in a design way, coding up a Python program that | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:18:10.120 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | creates a fully intelligent system may be quite challenging. You might need to create | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:18:17.520 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | a universe just like the Game of Life. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:18:22.760 |
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