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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
You might have to experiment with a lot of different universes before there is a set
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
of rules that doesn't essentially always just end up repeating itself in a trivial
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
way.
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
Yeah, and Stephen Wolfram works with these simple rules, says that it's kind of surprising
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
how quickly you find rules that create interesting things. You shouldn't be able to, but somehow
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
you do. And so maybe our universe is laden with rules that will create interesting things
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
that might not look like humans, but emergent phenomena that's interesting may not be as
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
difficult to create as we think.
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
Sure.
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
But let me sort of ask, at that time, some of the world, at least in popular press, was
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
kind of captivated, perhaps at least in America, by the idea of artificial intelligence, that
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
these computers would be able to think pretty soon. And did that touch you at all? In science
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
fiction or in reality in any way?
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
I didn't really start reading science fiction until much, much later. I think as a teenager
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
I read maybe one bundle of science fiction stories.
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
Was it in the background somewhere, like in your thoughts?
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
That sort of the using computers to build something intelligent always felt to me, because
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
I felt I had so much understanding of what actually goes on inside a computer. I knew
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
how many bits of memory it had and how difficult it was to program. And sort of, I didn't believe
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
at all that you could just build something intelligent out of that, that would really
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
sort of satisfy my definition of intelligence. I think the most influential thing that I
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
read in my early twenties was Gödel Escherbach. That was about consciousness, and that was
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
a big eye opener in some sense.
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
In what sense? So, on your own brain, did you at the time or do you now see your own
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
brain as a computer? Or is there a total separation of the way? So yeah, you're very pragmatically
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
practically know the limits of memory, the limits of this sequential computing or weakly
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
paralyzed computing, and you just know what we have now, and it's hard to see how it creates.
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
But it's also easy to see, it was in the 40s, 50s, 60s, and now at least similarities between
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
the brain and our computers.
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
Oh yeah, I mean, I totally believe that brains are computers in some sense. I mean, the rules
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
they use to play by are pretty different from the rules we can sort of implement in our
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
current hardware, but I don't believe in, like, a separate thing that infuses us with
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
intelligence or consciousness or any of that. There's no soul, I've been an atheist
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
probably from when I was 10 years old, just by thinking a bit about math and the universe,
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
and well, my parents were atheists. Now, I know that you could be an atheist and still
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
believe that there is something sort of about intelligence or consciousness that cannot
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possibly emerge from a fixed set of rules. I am not in that camp. I totally see that,
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
sort of, given how many millions of years evolution took its time, DNA is a particular
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machine that sort of encodes information and an unlimited amount of information in chemical
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form and has figured out a way to replicate itself.
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
I thought that that was, maybe it's 300 million years ago, but I thought it was closer
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to half a billion years ago, that that's sort of originated and it hasn't really changed,
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
that the sort of the structure of DNA hasn't changed ever since. That is like our binary
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
code that we have in hardware. I mean...
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The basic programming language hasn't changed, but maybe the programming itself...
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
Obviously, it did sort of, it happened to be a set of rules that was good enough to
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
sort of develop endless variability and sort of the idea of self replicating molecules
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competing with each other for resources and one type eventually sort of always taking
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over. That happened before there were any fossils, so we don't know how that exactly
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happened, but I believe it's clear that that did happen.
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
Can you comment on consciousness and how you see it? Because I think we'll talk about
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programming quite a bit. We'll talk about, you know, intelligence connecting to programming
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fundamentally, but consciousness is this whole other thing. Do you think about it often as
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
a developer of a programming language and as a human?
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Those are pretty sort of separate topics. Sort of my line of work working with programming
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does not involve anything that goes in the direction of developing intelligence or consciousness,
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but sort of privately as an avid reader of popular science writing, I have some thoughts
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
which is mostly that I don't actually believe that consciousness is an all or nothing thing.
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
I have a feeling that, and I forget what I read that influenced this, but I feel that
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
if you look at a cat or a dog or a mouse, they have some form of intelligence. If you
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
look at a fish, it has some form of intelligence, and that evolution just took a long time,
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
but I feel that the sort of evolution of more and more intelligence that led to sort of
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the human form of intelligence followed the evolution of the senses, especially the visual
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sense. I mean, there is an enormous amount of processing that's needed to interpret
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a scene, and humans are still better at that than computers are.
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
And I have a feeling that there is a sort of, the reason that like mammals in particular
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
developed the levels of consciousness that they have and that eventually sort of going
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from intelligence to self awareness and consciousness has to do with sort of being a robot that
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has very highly developed senses.
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Has a lot of rich sensory information coming in, so that's a really interesting thought
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that whatever that basic mechanism of DNA, whatever that basic building blocks of programming,
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if you just add more abilities, more high resolution sensors, more sensors, you just
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keep stacking those things on top that this basic programming in trying to survive develops
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very interesting things that start to us humans to appear like intelligence and consciousness.
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As far as robots go, I think that the self driving cars have that sort of the greatest
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
opportunity of developing something like that, because when I drive myself, I don't just
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pay attention to the rules of the road.
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I also look around and I get clues from that, oh, this is a shopping district, oh, here's
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
an old lady crossing the street, oh, here is someone carrying a pile of mail, there's
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
a mailbox, I bet you they're going to cross the street to reach that mailbox.
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And I slow down, and I don't even think about that.
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And so, there is so much where you turn your observations into an understanding of what
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other consciousnesses are going to do, or what other systems in the world are going
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to be, oh, that tree is going to fall.
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
I see sort of, I see much more of, I expect somehow that if anything is going to become
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
unconscious, it's going to be the self driving car and not the network of a bazillion computers
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in a Google or Amazon data center that are all networked together to do whatever they
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do.
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So, in that sense, so you actually highlight, because that's what I work in Thomas Vehicles,
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
you highlight the big gap between what we currently can't do and what we truly need
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to be able to do to solve the problem.
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Under that formulation, then consciousness and intelligence is something that basically
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a system should have in order to interact with us humans, as opposed to some kind of
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abstract notion of a consciousness.
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Consciousness is something that you need to have to be able to empathize, to be able to
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fear, understand what the fear of death is, all these aspects that are important for interacting
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with pedestrians, you need to be able to do basic computation based on our human desires
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and thoughts.
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And if you sort of, yeah, if you look at the dog, the dog clearly knows, I mean, I'm
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6
not the dog owner, but I have friends who have dogs, the dogs clearly know what the
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