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35feb724-624c-4dec-a46d-4b4de9ea8789 | Regarding Campylobacter jejuni which is not true? | Most common cause of Campylobacteriosis | Poultry is the cause of the disease | Human is the only reservoir | Causes Guillian Barre syndrome | 2c | multi | Campylobacter: Campylobacter are small, comma-shaped, Gram-negative rods. Campylobacter enteritis resembles other acute bacterial diarrhea The source of infection may be food (eg, milk, undercooked fowl) or contact with infected animals or humans and their excreta. C jejuni serotype O19 have been associated with Guilla... | Microbiology | Systemic Bacteriology (Haemophilus, Yersinia, Spirochaetes, Ricketssia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Miscellaneous Bacteria) |
9ad163f1-c3e1-4b0d-81d9-b113f5596923 | Hesitation cuts are seen in: | Self-inflicted wounds | Homicidal wounds | Defence wounds | Accidental wounds | 0a | single | Hesitation cuts are : - suicidal or self inflicted wounds - are multiple, superficial ,parallel - are present on accessible pas of body. Defense wounds are characteristic of homicide but are not mandatory. | Forensic Medicine | Mechanical Injuries |
f1b9f65b-0b1c-4462-9542-3bbcd7bd4299 | Non caseating granuloma is characteristically seen in | Syphilis | Sarcoidosis | TB | Histoplasmosis | 1b | multi | ref Robbins 8/e p701 ,9/e p98 NONCASEATING GRANULOMA Sarcoidosis is characterized bynoncaseating granulomas. These are different than the caseating granulomasproduced by other diseases, especially tuberculosis. Caseous necrosis is destruction of cells which are conveed to amorphous greyish debris located centrally ingr... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
d5c83c8d-2fad-4e4c-bb1a-5ddc9b848487 | In the work of breathing, tissue resistance contributes ___% fraction: | 7% | 14% | 28% | 65% | 0a | single | Work done = load x displacement. In the context of lungs, load is analogous to pressure and displacement is volume expansion of lungs. Hence, work of breathing = DP X DV. Thus, work done can be calculated as area covered under the inspiratory curve in compliance diagram. Of the total inspiratory work, 65% work is elast... | Physiology | Respiratory System Pa 1 |
20651ee1-bcad-4bca-9b67-16461554fd95 | The recommended oral dose of vitamin A to be given in a 10 month child with deficiency on each of day 1,2 and 28 is - | 50,000 IU | 1,00,000 IU | 2,00,0001U | 6,00,000 IU | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 1,00,000 IU | Pediatrics | null |
20e0a787-6eee-4493-8d2d-9a49dc3a5bb3 | Which enzyme is defective in Refsums disease? | Phytanic acid oxidase | Succinate thiokinase | Malonate dehydrogenase | Thiophorase | 0a | single | A. i.e. Phytanic acid oxidase | Ophthalmology | null |
7d9967cf-83ed-4796-be25-4c0637193d4c | Absolute refractoriness of a neuron is due to? | Closure of activated Na channels | Closure of inactivated Na channels | Hyperpolarization of CI channels | Opening of rectifier K + channels | 1b | single | Absolute refractory period: The period during which 2nd action potential cannot be elicited, even with strong stimulus is called "ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD". Reason for this restriction is that sholy after action potential is initiated, the sodium channels (or calcium channels / both) become inactivated & no amount of... | Physiology | AIIMS 2017 |
629b5d24-64c1-4f29-8ce8-f03ac7d38b97 | Esophageal opening in diaphragm is at the level of | T8 | T10 | T12 | T6 | 1b | single | Oesophagus pierces diaphragm at level of tenth thoracic veebrae. BD CHAURASIA&;S HUMAN ANATOMY VOLUME 1. 6TH EDITION Page no- 282 | Anatomy | Thorax |
8d574689-dec7-4d9e-932e-ed80f6edb547 | Treatment of choice for Aniseikonia | Ohoptic exercise | Spectacles | Surgery | Contact lens | 3d | single | Treatment 1. Optical aniseikonia may be corrected by aniseikonic glasses, contact lenses or intraocular lenses depending upon the situation. 2. For retinal aniseikonia treat the cause. 3. Coical aniseikonia is very difficult to treat. Image : Aniseikonia Reference : A K KHURANA OPHTALMOLOGY,Edition 4,Page-39 | Ophthalmology | Optics and refraction |
2a454228-c63c-404e-ba3d-57a7c4facc60 | One of the following is not a 5–HT receptor antagonist : | Ketanserin | Lanreotide | Methysergide | Tropisetron | 1b | single | Lanreotide is a somatostatin analog used in acromegaly. | Pharmacology | null |
7bf07e7a-c0c8-4c64-8c1a-2fe1536175b3 | All are true regarding fetal hydantoin syndrome except : | Digital hypoplasia | Macrocephaly | Microcephaly | Cleft lip | 1b | multi | Macrocephaly is not a feature of fetal hydantoin syndrome Fetal hydantoin syndrome Phenytoin is teratogenic Features : Hypoplastic phalanges Cleft palate Harelip Microcephaly Due to arene-oxide metabolite | Pharmacology | Epilepsy |
71586723-4357-4355-a76b-40551970b0ee | Which of the following beta adrenergic agonist is used as an aerosol for treatment of bronchial asthma? | Salbutamol | Ketotifen | Fluticasone | Monteleukast | 0a | single | Ans: a (Salbutamol) Ref: KDT, 5 ed, p. 217Salbutamol (albuterol) is a highly selective beta 2 agonist.Inhaled salbutamol produces bronchodilation within 5 min and the action lasts for 2-4 hours.Drugs used tor bronchial asthma:Bronchodilators:a. Sympathomimetic-AdrenalineEphedrineIsoprenalinesalbutamolterbutalineb. Meth... | Pharmacology | A.N.S. |
b6fd98dd-4288-43fb-a4e6-ebbfc8160e69 | In a Prospective study, 1200 patient were randomly selected to study the effect of a New drug. The drug will be given for 5 years and its association with cataract will be studied. What type of study is this? | Case control study | Coho study | Randomized clinical trial | Cross sectional study | 2c | single | If you are giving a drug so it is a experimental study or trial If we have a comparison group in which you give some other drug or placebo then also it is randomized clinical trial Hea of RCT- Randomization ( applied while allocating them or dividing them into reference group.) Equal & known chance is present. | Social & Preventive Medicine | RCT, Trials |
6bab73d2-de56-4528-9d41-82c0715e9e31 | Which of the following primary produces a Radio-opaque secondary in bone? | Prostate | Thyroid | Kidney | Breast | 0a | single | Ans. Prostate | Radiology | null |
5666a362-cb76-40e6-a0cb-1d72c7bcc983 | Epithelium is absent in lens on- | Anterior surface | Anterior pole | Posterior surface | At zonular attachment | 2c | single | There is no epitheliunm on posterior surface. | Ophthalmology | Lens |
d8f37658-f55c-4daf-9b71-b2c266308f1b | Most common childhood malignancy is | ALL | AML | CLL | CML | 1b | multi | . | Anatomy | All India exam |
cc060312-1866-4611-938f-840c1040ad42 | Plasma urea / creatinine ratio of 20:1 may be seen in: | Rhabdomyolysis | Ureteric calculi | Pre-renal failure | Chronic Glomerulonephritis | 2c | single | Plasma urea/creatinine ratio of 20:1 is seen in renal azotemia. In renal failure both BUN and creatinine levels are elevated, and the ratio is elevated as filtered urea is reabsorbed and creatinine is excreted. Ref: CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatmentchapter, Chapter 9; Advances in clinical chemistry, Volume 29 By Herbe E. S... | Medicine | null |
53b0d622-bf9e-41da-ad0c-b3d37a037b9e | A full term neonate is born after a long, difficult delivery. The baby has an APGAR score of 3, so aerial blood is drawn for blood gas studies 3 minutes after delivery. Aerial blood gas studies show a PO2 of 10mmHg, PCO2 of 27mmHg, and pH of 7.09. Which of the following is the best interpretation of these studies? | Markedly decreased PCO2, suggesting hyperventilation | Markedly decreased pH, suggesting acidosis | Markedly decreased PO2, suggesting respiratory failure | Within normal limits | 3d | single | This is something of a trick question, but it is included to illustrate a specific point of which you should be aware. The biochemistries of neonates, especially in the first minutes to hours of life, can be strikingly different from those of adults. Specifically, the normal range of aerial blood pH at bih is 7.11 to 7... | Physiology | null |
6c7291c6-1e51-4b87-ad4e-92d15c3b7f90 | If you calculate the plasma osmolality of a child with plasma Na+ 125 mEq/l, glucose 108 mg/ dl, and BUN (blood urea nitrogen) 140 mg/ dl, the most appropriate answer would be: | 300 mOsm/kg | 306 mOsm/kg | 312 mOsm/kg | 318 mOsm/kg | 1b | single | B i.e. 306 mOsm/kg | Physiology | null |
de4c7752-0d4c-480f-89bd-b8ab60abaafd | Not a feature of ZES? | Diarrhea non-responsive to fasting | Epigastric pain | Large gastric ulcer | Secretin study is the investigation of choice | 2c | single | Feature of ZES. Diarrhea non- responsive to fasting (secretory diarrhea) Epigastric pain 2nd pa of Duodenum, Multiple duodenum ulcer (Not present in stomach) Secretin study in the IOC - BAO/MAO = 0.6 | Medicine | Zollinger Ellision Syndrome |
331c01c8-186b-4662-8f8f-f2227ccf5f4a | The difference between primary and secondary healing is | More granulation tissue and fibrosis is seen in secondary healing | Scar is more cosmetic in secondary healing | Secondary healing occurs faster | Surgical wound heal commonly by secondary healing | 0a | single | In secondary healing :
More granulation tissue and fibrosis occurs.
Scar is loss cosmetic.
Secondary healing occurs slower.
Surgical wounds are clean cut, hence they heal by secondary healing. | Surgery | null |
135b6075-0d47-4769-87e7-14cd3f6a7515 | Left supra-renal vein is tributary of | Renal vein | IVC | Superior mesenteric vein | Inferior mesenteric vein | 0a | single | Ans. a (Renal vein). (Ref. BD Chaurasia Human Anatomy Vol. II 3rd ed. 274)# Each adrenal has three arteries supplying it, superior supra-renal artery--a branch of inferior phrenic, middle suprarenal--a branch of abdominal aorta and inferior supra-renal artery--a branch of renal artery# Each gland has one vein, right dr... | Anatomy | Blood Vessels of Abdomen and Pelvis |
d88f22ea-1a5e-4cd1-93e0-9800af6c0c34 | A person present with recurrent swelling on face and lips due to emotional stress.likely cause is | C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency | Allergy | Anaphylaxis | None of the above | 0a | multi | Ref Robbins 9/e 238; 8/e p 235 Acquired angioedema due to deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor, also called acquired angioedema and abbreted C1INH-AAE, is a rare syndrome of recurrent episodes of angioedema, without uicaria, which is associated with B cell lymphoproliferative disorders in some patients | Anatomy | General anatomy |
f1be8730-ef17-4efd-b863-67e1ee0a02bd | All the following are TRUE about HCG except | Has luteotrophic action | Acts on the same receptors as LH | Secreted by cytotrophoblast | It is a glycoprotein | 2c | multi | hCG is produced by syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta and secreted into the blood of both mother and fetus | Anatomy | All India exam |
6f574f7f-9eaf-4ac2-9fe6-1222bdecbad0 | Which of the following statements regarding ACE iinnhibitor is true. | This inhibit the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1 | Omission of prior diuretic dose decrease the dose of Postal hypotension | Lisinopril is sho acting than Enalapril | These are contraindicated in Diabetic patients | 1b | multi | This group of drug inhibitor enzyme kinases 2 or ACE. So this drug decreases the activity of RAAS. And also potentiate the action of vasodilatory of bradykinin Because these are prevented from conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2. So these can decrease the action of former but not later This group of drug is mo... | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
41fc2587-25c8-4f63-811d-4d096de7ba30 | Limb girdle muscle dystrophies include all of the following groups of disorders except: | Sarcoglycanopathies | Dystroglycanopathies | Dysferlinopathies | Calpainopathies | 1b | multi | Ans. b. Dystroglycanopathies (Ref: Harrison 19/e p462e-6, 462e-6t. 462e-7t. 18/e pp 3492,3493, 3494)Calpain-J, Sarcoglycans (y,a,b and y) and dysferlin are all examples of defective gene/loeus in Limb girdle dystrophies. Dystrophin is associated with Duchenne's and Becker's type of muscular dystrophies and is not assoc... | Medicine | Genetics |
04c1b080-16fc-4ba6-b2c8-2da45146a5a9 | Special stain for Amyloid which is most diagnostic - | Lugol’s Iodine | Sudan black | Congo red polarized light | Congo red in Illumination | 2c | single | Congo red is not used in lipid staining. It is used in the staining of amyloid protein. | Pathology | null |
565e800e-1e38-45bc-bac4-db390e628d61 | 25 year old man with 3 weeks fever presented with tricuspid valve vegetation. Most common cause is ? MC cause of Endocorditis in I.V. drug abuses | Staph aureus | Candida albicans | Pseudomonas | Streptococcus viridans | 0a | single | Staph aureus "Endocarditis among i.v. drug users especially when infection involves the tricuspid valve is commonly caused by S. aureus strains many of which are methicillin resistant". Left sided valve infection in addicts has a more varied etiology and involve abnormal valves often ones damaged by prior episodes of e... | Microbiology | null |
2d312243-945a-43f7-bd97-d16aa2f7b35b | Antitubercular drug causing gout is: March 2005 | Streptomycin | Ethambutol | Rifampicin | None | 1b | multi | Ans. B: Ethambutol Drugs causing gout/hyperuricemia include Diuretics Low-dose salicylate Cyclosporine Pyrazinamide Ethambutol Levodopa 1 Nicotinic acid Methoxvflurane | Pharmacology | null |
33a6ad59-4dd9-4ff1-bd0a-9a40f77f696b | Which of the following is contraindication for open reduction & internal fixation (ORIF)? | Active infection | Soft tissue contractures around the fracture site | Soft bones | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. d (All of the above). (Ref. Orthopedics Maheshwari, 2nd/15; Campbell Orthopaedics 9th/2002)# The conditions, which have high chances of failure with operative treatment i.e., open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), are:- Osteoporotic soft bone that is too fragile to allow stabilization by internal or external... | Orthopaedics | Management In Orthopedics |
0b755445-0af9-4ac0-9e20-a894b3b60c2e | Neck holding comes at what age? | 2 months | 3 months | 4 months | 5 months | 1b | single | O.P. Ghai 7th ed, page7 Neck holding comes at 3 months. | Anatomy | General anatomy |
a87d6592-2063-49e1-bbbc-dea8027ccb50 | A 22-year-old woman experiences a sudden onset of severe lower abdominal pain. Physical examination shows no masses, but there is severe tenderness in the right lower quadrant. A pelvic examination shows no lesions of the cervix or vagina. Bowel sounds are detected. An abdominal ultrasound scan shows a 4-cm focal enlar... | Cervical culture positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Detection of human chorionic gonadotropin in serum | 69, XXY karyotype on decidual tissue cells | Pap smear showing pseudo hyphae of Candida | 1b | multi | Conditions predisposing to ectopic pregnancy include chronic salpingitis (which may be caused by gonorrhea, but a culture would be positive only with acute infection), intrauterine tumors, and endometriosis. In about half of the cases, there is no identifiable cause. Gestational trophoblastic disease associated with a ... | Pathology | Female Genital Tract |
2636b2b5-895f-4a90-af3b-a77e423c3ce1 | All of the following statements about Zenker&;s diveiculum are true Except | Acquired diveiculum | Lateral X-rays on Barium swallow are often diagnostic | False diveiculum | Out pouching of the anterior pharyngeal wall, just above the cricopharyngeus muscle | 3d | multi | It is a protrusion of mucosa through Killian's dehiscence, a weak area of posterior pharyngeal wall between thyropharyngeus (oblique fibres) and cricopharyngeus(transverse fibres) of the inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx. Barium swallow-lateral view shows pharyngeal pouch. It is a false diveiculum because it conta... | Surgery | G.I.T |
59b9cdbb-7839-4348-9985-2d19d0726e8b | Duration of action of flumazenil is: | 5 minute | 10 minute | 20 minute | 1-2 hours | 3d | single | Flumazenil is absorbed orally ;oral bioavailability is ~16% but its not used orally .On I.v .injection ,action of flumazenil stas in seconds &last for 1-2 hours ;elimination t1/2 is 1 hour due to rapid metabolism. REF: KD Tripathi 8th ed. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
0d195b51-2758-4be1-8e4e-ff5e73dcbfab | Founder members of vision 2020 are A/E | WHO | UNICEF | ORBIS | International Agency for prevention of blindness | 1b | single | B i.e. UNICEF | Ophthalmology | null |
19c3a1f8-f6f3-46b2-a41b-10dcf2db0941 | A male patient with blunt Trauma Abdomen is hemodynamically stable. What is the next line of management? | Observation | Further imaging of abdomen | Exploratory Laparotomy | Laparoscopy | 1b | multi | A hemodynamically stable patient after blunt trauma abdomen should need further evaluation by imaging. Imaging of the abdomen with Ultrasound (FAST) is the best next line of investigation. | Surgery | null |
d4beb2a7-c9f6-4e9b-af92-c78653348762 | Drug used in Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy is? | a1agonist | a1. antagonist | a2, agonist | a2 antagonist | 1b | single | ANSWER: (B) a, antagonistsREF: KDT 7th ed p-135, Goodman and Gillman's 11th ed page 172,173,183 | Pharmacology | Anti Adrenergic System |
3ded02f3-576c-4c6f-ba3a-80cc866985fd | All of the following can velli used to treat alcohol dependence except: | Naltrexone | Acamprosate | Flumazenil | Disulfiram | 2c | multi | Ref: Katzung 11/e p395 Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist used for treat of benzodiazepine overdose and not for alcohol dependence. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
53925f03-9145-4ca4-97ea-2e9f154fd36c | Which of the following is the most common organism found in retreatment cases of periapical abscess? | E. faecalis | Trepenoma denticola | S. mutans | Actinomyces | 0a | single | PERSISTENT APICAL PERIODONTITIS
It is post-treatment apical periodontitis in an endodontically treated tooth (re-treatment case).
Enterococcus faecalis is found the most consistently reported organism in persistent apical periodontitis. | Dental | null |
268b0eef-4249-4999-8a4c-f132a0ec9050 | Homonymous hemianopia is seen in all except - | Optic nerve lesion | Optic tract lesion | Lesions of lateral geniculate body | Visual coex lesion | 0a | multi | Lesions of the optic nerve. These are characterised by marked loss of vision or complete blindness on the affected side associated with abolition of the direct light reflex on the ipsilateral side and consensual on the contralateral side. Near (accommodation) reflex is present. Common causes of optic nerve lesions are:... | Ophthalmology | Neuro-ophthalmology |
fac1a18c-30b2-4e6d-a0bb-037cac235af6 | Wof is long acting NSAID | Aspirin | Ibuprofen | Diclofenac | Piroxicam | 3d | single | ENOLIC ACID DERIVATIVES (Oxicams) Piroxicam:- It is a long-acting potent NSAID with anti-inflammatory potency similar to indomethacin and good analgesic-antipyretic action. It is a nonselective, reversible inhibitor of COX; lowers PG concentration in synol fluid and inhibits platelet aggregation--prolonging bleeding ti... | Pharmacology | Autacoids |
d8c81389-12b0-4288-b94b-4eafd3031e24 | Earliest symptom of carcinoma cervix is | Irregular vaginal bleed | Post coital bleed | Foul smelling discharge | Pain | 0a | single | Ans. is a i.e. Irregular vaginal bleeding "In its very early stage, invasive carcinoma of cervix causes no symptoms and is discovered accidently or as a result of routine search. Symptoms come with surface ulceration and consist only of irregular uterine bleeding or discharge or both. These being pe-or postmenopausal i... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
058349ad-8cad-49e2-bd7d-1adefceb3093 | All of the followings are responsible for Right shifting of O2 saturation curve; except: | Hypoxia | Hypocapnia | Increase temp | Increased 2,3 DPG | 1b | multi | Ans. b. HypocapniaThe factors shift the curve to the right:Increased CO2 (Bohr effect)Increased hydrogen ion (decrease pH)Increased temperatureIncreased 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG)Shifts in Hb-O2 dissociation curveStored blood loses 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate, causing a left shift in the curve, while hypoxia stimul... | Physiology | Respiratory System |
a1668df3-ad2a-4591-8d36-d3db9a07eb7f | In tumor lysis syndrome all of the following are seen except - | Hypernatremia | Hypercalcemia | Hyperkalemia | Hyperphosphatemia | 1b | multi | Tumor lysis syndrome
Caused by destruction of large number of rapidly proliferating neoplastic cells. It frequently leads to ARF
It is characterized by
Hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Lactic acidosis
Hyperuricemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Most frequently associated with treatment of
Burkitt lymp... | Pathology | null |
4d8126c5-6883-46d1-a37c-937433ea269a | which of the following Is used in the treatment of hyperprolactineinia? | Cimetidine | Methysergide | Bromocriptine | Ondansetron | 2c | single | Dopamine actions are always opposite to prolactin Bromocriptine is a dopamine receptor agonist (mainly D2 receptors). Dopamine is the main factors controlling prolactin secretion. Being a agonist it effectively reduces the secretion of prolactin. apa from bromocriptine, cabergoline, pergolide are also used in hyperprol... | Pharmacology | Endocrinology |
7390a45c-bc84-463f-9db9-edc0a16d9ca1 | All of the following are true regarding G-6PD deficiency except | A recessive X-linked trait | Females are commonly affected | Oxidative stress causes hemolysis | Protective against Palsmodium falciparum malariae | 1b | multi | G6PD deficiency is a X linked recessive disease common among males. G6PD deficiency is a genetic condition that is passed along from one or both parents to their child. The defective gene that causes this deficiency is on the X chromosome, which is one of the two sex chromosomes. Men have only one X chromosome, while w... | Pediatrics | Hematology |
5049393a-dc1c-4e54-894c-05806f710021 | Period of infectivity for Measles is:- | 2 days before to 5 days after appearance of rash | 1 day before to 1 day after appearance of rash | 4 days before to 5 days after appearance of rash | Lifelong | 2c | single | C. POX- 2 days before to 5 days after appearance of Rash. MEASLES- 4 days before to 5 days after appearance of Rash. RUBELLA- 7 days before symptoms to 7 days after appearance of Rash. MUMPS - 5-6 days before symptoms to 7 days after appearance of symptoms. INFLUENZA - 1-2 days before symptoms to 1-2 days after. DIPHTH... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Respiratory Infections |
be56bf15-4ee1-4ee4-a617-c2fde4086237 | Regarding G6PD deficiency true are – a) Autosomal dominantb) Bite cell (+)c) Protects against kala azard) Enzyme level directly proportional to age of RBCe) Sex preponderance | ab | be | bc | ce | 1b | multi | Glucose -6-Phosphatase dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked inherited disorder which is seen more frequently in boys | Pediatrics | null |
8331f967-1fc5-479b-8af9-ae34f153e0de | A 1-year-old girl is brought to the emergency room by her parents who report she has had a fever and diarrhea for 3 days. Her temperature is 38degC (101degF). The CBC shows a normal WBC count and increased hematocrit (48 g/dL). Which of the following is the most likely cause of increased hematocrit in this patient? | Acute phase response | Dehydration | Diabetes insipidus | Malabsorption | 1b | single | Increased hematocrit in this patient reflects hemoconcentration caused by dehydration, secondary to diarrhea. This hematologic condition, termed relative polycythemia, is characterized by decreased plasma volume with a normal red cell mass. When patients suffer from burns, vomiting, excessive sweating, or diarrhea, the... | Pathology | Hemodynamics |
0ef838a6-5ee4-46c8-8d82-4bdad93b7350 | Exposure to which of the following mandates passive immunization with standard immune serum globulin? | Rabies | Hepatitis A | Hepatitis B | Tetanus | 1b | single | Passive immunization can be used to provide temporary immunity in a person who is exposed to an infectious disease and has not been previously actively immunized. Standard human immune serum globulin does not contain known antibody content for a specific agent, unlike special immune serum globulins that exist for the t... | Medicine | Infection |
f93516e5-a707-4dfe-9086-62b143d046e5 | Which vein is preferable for coronary by pass grafting- | Saphenous vein | Short saphenous vein | Epigastric vessels | Radial artery | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Saphenous vein o Most common conduits used is greater saphenous vein. Ideal characteristics of a saphenous vein conduit are that it should be atleast having diameter of 3.5 mm and free from any varicosity or areas of structure,o If the saphenous vein is inadequate or unavailable^ short saphenous vein ... | Surgery | Thorax |
a296fa0c-4b9f-4ee1-b3d8-4b45bcf756fa | What is the definition of society - | System of social relationship between individuals | Social relationship between families | Interaction of individuals and people | Relationship of individual family and the country | 0a | single | - society is an organisation of its member agents where each member has to conform to its norms. - impoant feature is a system of social relationship between its members. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:671 <\p> | Social & Preventive Medicine | Social science, Mental health & Genetics |
c2dffdc2-9c48-46d5-8090-a8665c6ed1d6 | All of the following are class Ic anti-arrhythmic drugs except? | Propafenone | Tocainide | Enacainide | Flecainide | 1b | multi | CLASS I ANTI-ARRHYTHMICS Class Mechanism Drugs Ia Na+ and K+ channel blocker Quinidine Procainamide Ib Na+ channel blocker K+ channel opener Lignocaine Phenytoin Tocainide Ic Na+ Channel blocker Enacainide Flecainide Propafenone Tocainide: Class Ib anti-arrhythmic. | Pharmacology | Hypeension, Arrhythmias, Dyslipidemia |
953cbf5e-107a-4725-b6ab-55963758fac7 | Helper and cytotoxic cells belong to: | T cells | B cells | Monocytes | Macrophages | 0a | single | A i.e. T cells | Physiology | null |
0405c941-53be-48f4-b732-7527a67fa6e5 | Which of the following is ester local anesthetics - | Cocaine | Lidocaine | Mepivacaine | Prilocaine | 0a | single | Local Anaesthetics are divided in two group Aminoamide and Aminoesters Aminoester - sho acting - cocaine , procaine and chloroprocaine long acting - Benzocaine and Tetracaine Aminoamide - intermediate acting - lignocaine , prilocaine ,mepivacaine long acting - Bupivacaine , Ropivacaine , Dibucaine Aminoester Local Anes... | Anaesthesia | Regional Anesthesia |
6bf4bdc5-63d1-4a9e-91d8-008165f51fe2 | Wickehm's stria seen in – | Lichen niditus | Lichenoid eruption | Lichen striates | Lichen planus | 3d | single | The surface of lesion of lichen planus has white streaks when examined under magnifying lens → Wickham's stria. | Dental | null |
f8d6c4a7-2037-44be-bbf6-8a1ea4b0de54 | The incubation period of LGV is? | 3-7 days | 7-10 days | 10-30 days | 30-90 days | 2c | single | Ans. C. 10-30 daysThe incubation period for LGV (the time interval between sexual contact and the appearance of symptoms) varies on average from 10 to 14 days. At times the incubation period may be as long as up to 6 weeks after sexual contact with an infected paner. Feature SyphilisHerpes ChancroidLGV Donovanosis Incu... | Microbiology | null |
ef614fae-b369-466f-bf78-15e084318f6c | All are true regarding Rabies virus, except? | Single Stranded RNA virus | Linear | Negative sense | Space vehicle shaped | 3d | multi | It is a bullet shaped virus with a single serotype. It is detected by immunofluoresence. The rabies virus is a neurotropic virus. These viruses areenveloped and have a single stranded RNA genome with negative-sense. All transcription and replication events take place in the cytoplasm inside a specialized "virus factory... | Microbiology | null |
d86c3986-78b9-4cef-a8dd-db89ed6bd3a6 | Which of the following agent is safest for treating chloroquine resistant malaria in a 26 year old primigravida? | Mefloquine | Pyrimethamine | Proguanil | Quinine plus clindamycin | 3d | single | Chloroquine is the treatment of choice for malaria caused by all sensitive Plasmodium species. For the woman with chloroquine-resistant infection, which constitutes the majority of falciparum infections, quinine plus clindamycin is currently recommended. quinine may induce hyperinsulinemia and thus, possible maternal a... | Pharmacology | null |
d40a4151-5a05-482c-b9cd-979cfd23aa2c | Contractile dysfuncation seen in which type of cardiomyopathy? | Dilated cardiomyopathy | Restrcited cardiomyopathy | Hyperophic cardiomyopathy | Infiltrative cardiomyopathy | 0a | single | Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by progressive cardiac dilation and contractile (systolic) dysfunction, usually with concurrent hyperophy; regardless of cause, the clinicopathologic patterns are similar. DCM results in systolic (contractile) dysfunction. Causes include myocarditis, toxic exposures (e.g., ... | Medicine | C.V.S |
94a743d9-539d-4bcb-a6f1-b9732f7b2c56 | The most likely cause for suture leak after colon resection and anastomosis for cancer sigmoid is ? | Subclinical malnutrition | Infection of anastomotic site | Mechanical disruption due to colonic pressure and contractility | Ischaemia | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ischaemia | Surgery | null |
d69d7887-40c9-4d59-94e0-5194c84120c9 | A 13-year-old girl has two non-tender lesions on her fingers that have appeared over the past 5 months. On physical examination, there are 0.5-cm slightly raised, pebbly-surfaced, gray-white papules, one on the dorsum of her distal right index finger, and another periungual to her little finger. They gradually disappea... | BRAF gene mutation | Human papillomavirus infection | IgA antibody deposition | Type IV hypersensitivity reaction | 1b | multi | Verrucae, or warts, are quite common, particularly in children, and tend to persist for up to a couple of years. There are subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated with distinct clinical appearances: verruca vulgaris on the hands, verruca plana (flat wart) on the face and hands, verruca palmaris on the palms, ... | Pathology | Skin |
cd17c094-bc6d-4817-8cd4-3f6f5856812c | Cretinism is _____________ | Dispropoionate dwarfism | Sho stature with long trunk | Sho stature with sho trunk | Long stature with long trunk | 0a | single | Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome, previously known as cretinism, is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth owing to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone (congenital hypothyroidism) usually owing to maternal hypothyroidism. Results in Dispropoionate dwarfism Reference: GHAI Essenti... | Pediatrics | Growth and development |
d068d490-3649-4970-829e-f95439fea36d | Laloo, a 40-year-old male has recently staed writing books. But the matter in his book could not be understood by anybody since it contained words which were never there in any dictionary and the theme was very disjoint. Nowadays he has become very shy and self absorbed. When he addresses people he speaks about meta ph... | Mania | Schizophrenia | Depression | Delusional disorder | 1b | single | The history is suggestive of schizophrenia as following signs are described in patient. Neologisms - creates new own words. Formal thought disorders - theme is very disjoint Presence of negative symptoms -shy and self absorbed | Psychiatry | Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders |
fcea8672-7e89-4a98-8b03-fb0a627f7a22 | Diabetic patient with mass and blackish discharge from nose is most likely to have: | Aspergillus | Mucormycosis | Rhinosporidium | Candida | 1b | single | Ans: b (Mucormycosis) Ref: Dhingra, 4th ed, p. 151MucormycosisSeen in uncontrolled diabetics and immunosuppressive drug usageClinical features include black necrotic mass filling nasal cavity eroding the septumComplicationsIt can break through cribriform plate entering meninges and brainTreatment:Amphotericin B and sur... | ENT | Nose and PNS |
a36afe31-adb1-4a20-a50b-f6ab0f31b659 | True about peripheral nerve injury in upper limb | Radial nerve injury cause anaesthesia over anatomical snuff box | Median nerve injury cause wrist drop | Ulnar nerve injury Cause claw hand | Index finger anesthesia is caused by median nerve injury | 0a | multi | The radial nerve is very commonly damaged in the region of the radial (spiral) groove. The common causes of injury are: (i) intramuscular injections in the arm (triceps), (ii) sleeping in an armchair with the limb hanging by the side of the chair (Saturday night palsy), or even the pressure by a crutch (crutch paralysi... | Anatomy | Upper limb |
f2f91521-c2a0-4a27-b3c7-0008874c1a05 | Wiskott Aldrich syndrome is characterized by all Except: | Thrombocytopenia | Autosomal recessive | Failure of aggregation of platelets in response to agonists | Eczema | 1b | multi | Answer is B (Autosomal Recessive) Wiskot Aldrich syndrome is an X linked Recessive syndrome and not an autosonzal recessive syndrome. Wiskott Aldrish Syndrome is associated with an impaired platelet aggregation response. `Several platelet abnormalities have been repoed in Wiskott Aldrich syndrome including impaired agg... | Medicine | null |
9747c349-6e75-4ecc-805c-9d616f85c6e0 | A 48 year old woman was admitted with a history of weakness for two months. On examination, cervical lymph nodes were found enlarged and spleen was palpable 2 cm below the costal margin. Her hemoglobin was 10.5 g/dl, platelet count 2.7 X 1091L and total leukocyte count 40 X 109/ L, which included 80% mature lymphoid ce... | A pseudofollicular pattern with proliferation centers | A monomorphic lymphoid proliferation with a nodular pattern | A predominantly follicular pattern | A diffuse proliferation of medium to large lymphoid cells with high mitotic rate | 3d | single | Ans is 'd' i.e., A diffuse proliferation of medium to large lymphoid cells with high mitotic rateo Lymphocytes postive for CD 19, CD20, CD23, CD5 suggest the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/smalllymphcytic lymphoma.o In CLL/SLL larger lymphocytes show high mitotic activity and form proliferation centre.Chroni... | Pathology | null |
fc262241-b237-482d-899a-9a8cc480c07f | 40 year female presents to surgical OPD with C /O breast heaviness O/e following finding is seen. What is the T stage of this malignancy? | T3 | T4a | T4b | T4c | 1b | single | The video depicts extension of tumor to chest wall . T4a Extension to chest wall (chest wall is formed by Ribs, Intercostal muscles, Serratus Anterior) T4b Ulceration , edema including Peau-D-Orange , Satellite nodules T4c T4a + T4b T4d Inflammatory breast cancer Not included in T4 Involvement of dermis alone Nipple re... | Surgery | General Surgery |
7e5a28d9-283e-48e0-8493-ad1380485d41 | Fatty acid in cholesterol is mainly: | Linoleic | Oleic | None | Arachidonic | 2c | multi | Fatty acid is not present in cholesterol Cholesterol structure It has 27 Carbons and an -OH group at C3. There are 4 fused hydrocarbon rings (A to D), which is known as Steroid nucleus. A branched hydrocarbon chain is attached at C-17. Structure of Cholesterol | Biochemistry | Chemistry of Lipids |
c8c0403f-2c1b-4c6b-aebe-846b4757a6f2 | A 25 year old male is undergoing incision and drainage of abscess under general anaesthesia with Spontaneous respiration. The most efficient anaesthetic circuit is | Maplelson A | Mapleson B | Mapleson C | Mapleson D | 0a | single | Mapelson breathing systems are classified as Mapelson A, B, C, D, E, F Mapelson A also known as Magill&;s circuit. Ranking of Mapelson&;s systems based on superiority as follows : Spontaneous ventilation : A>D,F,E>C,B Controlled ventilation : D, F, E>B,C>A Mapelson A is more efficient in spontaneous ventilation Mapelso... | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments |
442765c6-b18f-40df-a2f1-0f68543c4154 | In a classical case of Meniere's disease which one of the following statement is true - | Carhart's Notch is a characteristic feature in puretone audiogram | Schwartz's sign is usually present in the tympanic membrane | Low frequency sensorineural deafness is often seen in pure tone audiogram | Decompression of fallopian canal is the treatment of choice | 2c | multi | Carharts’ notch and Schwartz’s sign are seen in otosclerosis
Decompression of endolymphatic sac (and not fallopian canal) is done in Meniere’s disease.
Decompression of Fallopian canal is done in traumatic facial nerve palsy.
* Meniere’s disease is associated with – SNHL which affects low frequencies first, followed b... | ENT | null |
8dbae7c0-cb10-4a67-9258-c0007087d121 | All are findings in a dead born fetus except | Maceration | Spalding's sign | Robe's sign | Caput succedaneum | 3d | multi | Findings in dead born fetus: Rigor mois at delivery Maceration Spalding's sign Robe's sign Mummification Putrefaction Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE ANF TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 346 | Forensic Medicine | Sexual offences and infanticide |
00aa1776-c20f-40c5-9412-11932a24f9bf | Strain is defined as: | An applied load or force | A deformation resulting from an applied load | An external force opposing an applied load | An internal force opposing an applied Load | 1b | single | Strain—Change in dimension per unit initial dimension. For tensile and compressive strain, a change in length is measured relative to the initial reference length.
Strain, or the change in length per unit length, is the relative deformation of an object subjected to a stress. Strain may be either elastic, plastic, elas... | Dental | null |
3abad884-b135-47a7-8a97-dbca4638f86a | Fasting Blood sugar should be maintained in a pregnant diabetic female as: | 70-100 mg% | 100-130 mg% | 130-160 mg% | 160-190 mg% | 0a | single | Ans. is a, i.e. 70-100mg%Ref Dutta Obs. 7/e, p 285Metabolic Goals during Pregnancy:Fasting <95mg/dL1 hr PP <140mg/dL2 hr PP <120mg/dL (average 100mg/dl)HbA1c-6%-If these goals are not achieved patient should be put on Insulin. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Medical & Surgical Illness Complication Pregnancy |
ac122ce8-f639-4fd6-b5a1-5cebd2fe5180 | Which is FALSE regarding Anganwadi worker: September 2012 | Pa time worker | Undergoes 4 month training | 1 for 1000 children | Selected from the community itself | 2c | multi | Ans: C i.e. 1 for 1000 children Anganwadi worker The Anganwadi system is mainly managed by the Anganwadi worker. She is a health worker chosen from the community and given 4 months training in health, nutrition and child-care. She is in charge of an Anganwadi which covers a population of 1000. About 10 Anganwadi worker... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
6cb59fd2-475c-4c9c-a281-43cdcf8a199c | A 40-year old female presented with dyspnoea on exeion grade III and palpitations. ECG showed atrial fibrillation with fast ventricular rate. Echocardiography shows severe mitral stenosis with left atrial appendage clot. Which of the following is not advised? | Diltiazen to control ventricular rate | Sta warfarin and follow-up with repeat echocardiography | EC followed by percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty | Open mitral commissurotomy with clot removal | 2c | multi | Ans. c. EC followed by percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty | Medicine | null |
da0552cf-ec20-4e8b-9b71-9a1b173ecf1c | Slowest conduction of velosity occurs in | Atrial muscle | A.V. node | Purkinje fibre | Ventricular muscles | 1b | single | (A.V. node) (549 - Ganong 22nd) (487-488-K.S 4th) (492- Ganong 23rd)The velocity of impulse is maximum in purkinje fibres and minimum at AV nodeTissueConduction rate (m/s) (Ganong)K. Sembulingum* S A node0.05Intemodal fibres - l.0m/s* Atrial pathway1Atrial muscle = 0.3m/s* A V. node0.050.05 m/s* Bundle of His10.12 m/s*... | Physiology | Heart, Circulation, and Blood |
132f9fd2-6e7e-4927-9fc2-34acb82d1d63 | Lateral orbital wall is formed by | Zygomatic bone and greater wing of sphenoid | Zygomatic and orbital process of palatine | Frontal process of maxilla | Frontal bone and lesser wing of sphenoid | 0a | multi | Orbital wall Roof - Frontal - Lesser wing of sphenoid Floor -Zygomatic & orbital process of palatine Medial wall frontal process of maxilla - Lacrimal Bone - Orbital plate of the ethmoid - Body of the sphenoid Lateral wall - Zygomatic - Greater wing of sphenoid | Ophthalmology | Ocular Embryology& Anatomy |
eae6b2bb-6996-4c46-b812-6a22e2031405 | Which is true regarding Barrett's esophagus? | Squamous metaplasia of lower esophagus | Seen mainly in females | Premalignant | Responds to conservative management | 2c | multi | Barrett's esophagus Age - 55-65 years. 2:1 male-to-female ratio, with white males making up more than 80% of cases. Columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus Does not respond to any treatment. Premalignant condition diagnosed with UGIE with biopsy. If high grade dysplasia is found , go for fuher intervention | Medicine | Peptic Ulcer Disease |
2e2f91c2-4e90-4384-935d-6858febf815a | Slope of pressure volume curve of lung represents: | Compliance of lung | Conductance | Surface tension | Transpulmonary pressure | 0a | single | Ans. a (Compliance of lung). (Ref. Ganong Physiology 23rd/ pg. 654-657; Figure 35-10)Lung compliance is an index of lung distensibility or the ease with which the lungs are expanded; thus, compliance is the inverse of elastic recoil. Compliance is defined as the ratio of change of lung volume to the change in pressure ... | Physiology | Respiratory System |
628fbb17-88c7-46ba-b4d4-48756a4eda76 | The neonatal kidney achieves concentrating ability equivalent to adult's kidney by ? | One year of age | Eighteen months of age | Three to six months of age | Just before pubey | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., One year of age | Surgery | null |
37944ac0-a895-46c2-af5e-03acc991ed1c | Harvey's sign is:- | Transmitted pressure wave on coughing in a various vein | Related to the use of venous filling after emptying a length of vein | Loss of hairs from eyebrows | None of the above | 1b | multi | Harvey's sign Related to the use of venous filling after emptying a length of vein Delayed venous refilling is called Harvey's sign | Surgery | Venous Disorders |
7dce8e87-7131-4276-a730-4ec29772febd | CSF- Rhinorrhoea is commonest in fracture to | Temporal bone | Cribriform plate | Nasal bones | Temporo- sphenoid | 1b | single | (Cribriform plate) (155- Dhingra 4th)Localisation of CSF leak* Olfactory slit - Cribriform plate* Middle meatus - Frontal or ethmoid sinus* Sphenoethmoidal recess - Sphenoidal sinus* Inferior meatus near the - (eustachian tube) Temporal Bone* CSF from anterior cranial fossa reaches the nose by way of cribriform plate e... | ENT | Nose and PNS |
1230ac7e-378e-4b96-8267-ac213901ff47 | All of the following proteins are decreased in Nephrotic syndrome. Except | Transferrin | Fibrinogen | Albumin | Thyroxine Binding Globulin | 1b | multi | Answer is B (Fibrinogen) Nephrotic syndrome is characteristically associated with increased fibrinogen levels - Hyper fibrinogenemia. Proteins increased in nephrotic syndrome Fibrinogen Lipoproteins: due to increased synthesis Most proteins are however decreased in Nephrotic Syndrome. Proteins decreased Albumin Transfe... | Medicine | null |
542a5a62-278a-4f27-9024-9a7edce115d2 | Measure of lnfectivity of a disease: | Incidence rate | Prevalance rate | Secondary attack rate | Case Fatality rate | 2c | single | Ref: Park 'Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine', 22nd edition, Pg: 58, 55, 96Explanation:Incidence rateNumber of new cases occurring in a defined population during a specified period in timePrevalence rateIt includes old and new cases, it depends on Incidence and duration of disease Prevalence = incidence X dura... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Infectious Disease Epidemiology |
b46b008f-d768-43d4-a6c3-71d3e9705782 | All are features of necrotising fasciitis except | Dispropoional pain | Erythema beyond oedema | Dishwater pus | Crepitus | 1b | multi | Signs and symptoms of necrotising infections Unusual pain Oedema beyond the area of erythema Crepitus Skin blistering Fever (often absent) Greyish drainage ('dishwater pus') Pink/orange skin staining Focal skin gangrene (late sign) Shock, coagulopathy and multiorgan failure Bailey and Love 27e pg: 30 | Surgery | General surgery |
0a40a5a2-827e-442d-94d6-a7981036de29 | Concentric hyperophy of left ventricle is seen in - | Mitral stenosis | Hypeension | Aoic regurgitation | None | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hypeensiono Concentric hyperophy In pressure overload, e.g. hypeension and aoic stenosis. o Eccentric hyperophy ---> In volume overload, e.g. in aoic regurgitation. | Pathology | null |
401b3c06-6591-4bf0-9742-65c770983b16 | A patient is going skiing high in the Rockies and is given acetazolamide to protect against altitude sickness. Unfortunately, the patient is also a type 1 diabetic. He is admitted to the hospital in a worsening ketoacidosis. In which of the following cells has acetazolamide inhibited a reaction that has led to the seve... | White blood cells | Red blood cells | Lens of the eye | Hepatocyte | 1b | single | Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, which is found primarily in red blood cells. The red blood cells contain carbonic anhydrase that catalyzes the reaction that forms carbonic acid from CO2 andH2 O. Under high- altitude conditions, the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase will lead to a decrease in blood pH, w... | Biochemistry | Carbohydrates |
063b2872-6e47-4408-b362-d5e79fca1ff1 | The difference between iron sorbitol–citric acid and iron dextran is that the former | Cannot be injected i.v. | Is not bound to transferrin in plasma | Is not excreted in urine | Produces fewer side effects | 0a | single | Iron sorbitol citrate should not be used i.v. because it may rapidly saturate the transferrin receptors and can result in high concentrations of free iron. | Pharmacology | null |
17f984ba-e24c-43c3-a537-2eb8e45e2290 | In Couinaud classification, segment IV of liver is | Caudate lobe | Quadrate lobe | Right lobe | Left lobe | 1b | single | Segment 1 - caudate lobe, segment 4 - quadrate lobe ,.segments( 1,2,3,4) left lobe, segments (5,6,7,8)- right lobe Reference SRB edition :5 page:593 and internet | Surgery | G.I.T |
82d65ec7-e5f6-48eb-9dcb-ff43be21b085 | A young adult presents with proptosis and pain in eye after 4 days of trauma to eye. Chemosis, conjunctival congestion and extraocular muscle palsy with inability to move eye are seen. Investigation of choice: | MRI | Digital subtraction angiography | CT | MR angiography | 1b | single | Ans. Digital subtraction angiography | Ophthalmology | null |
f77392de-9f6e-48be-aab5-04c9c2961708 | 2,3 DPG binds to sites in hemoglobin and causes in its oxygen affinity: | Four, increases | Four, decreases | One, increases | One, decreases | 3d | single | Ans. D. One, decreasesThe Hemoglobin tetramer binds to one mol of 2,3 BPG in the central cavity formed by four subunits.2,3 BPG forms salt bridges with terminal amino group of both b globin chain via, Valine, Lysine and Histidine.Considering these two sentences, If central cavity is taken into account 2,3 BPG binds to ... | Biochemistry | Vitamins and Minerals |
3afb3e27-71e5-4dce-b0ab-b9cc74542f5f | Telogen phase of hair growth lasts for ? | 1 day | 10 days | 100 days | 1000 days | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 100 days The most impoant feature of hair follicle is that their activity is cyclic. Hair grows at 0.4 mm per day and as it reaches a definitive length, it is shed to be replaced by a new hair. Hair undergoes through 3 different phases of hair cycle :? 1) Anagen phase (Phase of activity and growth) Th... | Skin | null |
37143d90-4956-47be-9a6b-0318b6fbe1c3 | Spleniculi means | Splenic calculi | Splenic atrophy | Splenic malignancy | Accessory spleen | 3d | single | Ans. (d) Accessory spleen(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg)Accessory spleens or spleniculi are seen inGastrosplenic LigamentLienorenal ligamentGastrophrenic ligamentGreater omentumBroad ligament of uterusSpermatic cord. | Pathology | Misc. (W.B.C) |
5146b3e5-daf0-4b3a-a7b1-cd1f64011193 | Normal creatinine level is: | 0.8 - 1.2 mg/dL | 1.0 - 2.0 mg/dL | 2.2 - 3.0 mg/dL | 3.0 - 3.8 mg/dL | 0a | single | 0.8 - 1.2 mg/dL | Physiology | null |
b3c3e152-370c-48a4-8a4c-20349dec5ffc | pH of vagina in pregnancy is - | 4.5 | 7 | 8.5 | 11 | 0a | single | Ans-A i.e., 4.5 Physiological chanses in vaeina durine pres nancy:o The vaginal walls become hypertrophied, edematous and more vascular.o Increased blood supply to venous plexus surrounding the was Us gives bluish colouration of the mucosa jacquemier's sign).o The length of the anterior vaginal wall is increased.o The ... | Unknown | null |
11b0f6d1-5938-406a-80cd-e598ed892f5e | External anal sphincter is innervated by | L4, L5 | L5, S1 | S1, S2, S3 | S2, S3, S4 | 3d | single | External anal sphincter is controlled by spinal nerves from the S2, S3 and S4 levels of your spinal cord, which form the pudendal nerve. ref - BDC vol2 pg 412-416 | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
2458ecea-a5d6-42f8-a21f-e76efb16aeed | A young man has H/O of breathlessness while walking to gym. On examination he has ejection murmur which increase on Valsalva manouvcr. ECO shows LVH with deep Q wave In anterior chest leads. He should avoid | Regular walking in gym | Verapamil | Digitalis | Sublingual nitroglycerine | 2c | single | Ref :Harrison&;s 19th E pg 1568. cardiac glycosides should be avoided, as they may increase contractility and worsen obstruction. | Medicine | C.V.S |
cdf784ed-fb1c-427b-b05d-3a9417f7834e | Human povey index includes all except ? | Infant moality | Longevity | Knowledge | Standard of living | 0a | multi | The Human Povey Index (HPI) was an indication of the povey of community in a country, developed by the Union of Soviet Socialists Republic(USSR) to complement the Human Development Index (HDI) and was first repoed as pa of the Human Deprivation Repo in 1997. It was considered to better reflect the extent of deprivation... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Non communicable diseases |
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