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135
35feb724-624c-4dec-a46d-4b4de9ea8789
Regarding Campylobacter jejuni which is not true?
Most common cause of Campylobacteriosis
Poultry is the cause of the disease
Human is the only reservoir
Causes Guillian Barre syndrome
2c
multi
Campylobacter: Campylobacter are small, comma-shaped, Gram-negative rods. Campylobacter enteritis resembles other acute bacterial diarrhea The source of infection may be food (eg, milk, undercooked fowl) or contact with infected animals or humans and their excreta. C jejuni serotype O19 have been associated with Guilla...
Microbiology
Systemic Bacteriology (Haemophilus, Yersinia, Spirochaetes, Ricketssia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Miscellaneous Bacteria)
9ad163f1-c3e1-4b0d-81d9-b113f5596923
Hesitation cuts are seen in:
Self-inflicted wounds
Homicidal wounds
Defence wounds
Accidental wounds
0a
single
Hesitation cuts are : - suicidal or self inflicted wounds - are multiple, superficial ,parallel - are present on accessible pas of body. Defense wounds are characteristic of homicide but are not mandatory.
Forensic Medicine
Mechanical Injuries
f1b9f65b-0b1c-4462-9542-3bbcd7bd4299
Non caseating granuloma is characteristically seen in
Syphilis
Sarcoidosis
TB
Histoplasmosis
1b
multi
ref Robbins 8/e p701 ,9/e p98 NONCASEATING GRANULOMA Sarcoidosis is characterized bynoncaseating granulomas. These are different than the caseating granulomasproduced by other diseases, especially tuberculosis. Caseous necrosis is destruction of cells which are conveed to amorphous greyish debris located centrally ingr...
Anatomy
General anatomy
d5c83c8d-2fad-4e4c-bb1a-5ddc9b848487
In the work of breathing, tissue resistance contributes ___% fraction:
7%
14%
28%
65%
0a
single
Work done = load x displacement. In the context of lungs, load is analogous to pressure and displacement is volume expansion of lungs. Hence, work of breathing = DP X DV. Thus, work done can be calculated as area covered under the inspiratory curve in compliance diagram. Of the total inspiratory work, 65% work is elast...
Physiology
Respiratory System Pa 1
20651ee1-bcad-4bca-9b67-16461554fd95
The recommended oral dose of vitamin A to be given in a 10 month child with deficiency on each of day 1,2 and 28 is -
50,000 IU
1,00,000 IU
2,00,0001U
6,00,000 IU
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 1,00,000 IU
Pediatrics
null
20e0a787-6eee-4493-8d2d-9a49dc3a5bb3
Which enzyme is defective in Refsums disease?
Phytanic acid oxidase
Succinate thiokinase
Malonate dehydrogenase
Thiophorase
0a
single
A. i.e. Phytanic acid oxidase
Ophthalmology
null
7d9967cf-83ed-4796-be25-4c0637193d4c
Absolute refractoriness of a neuron is due to?
Closure of activated Na channels
Closure of inactivated Na channels
Hyperpolarization of CI channels
Opening of rectifier K + channels
1b
single
Absolute refractory period: The period during which 2nd action potential cannot be elicited, even with strong stimulus is called "ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD". Reason for this restriction is that sholy after action potential is initiated, the sodium channels (or calcium channels / both) become inactivated & no amount of...
Physiology
AIIMS 2017
629b5d24-64c1-4f29-8ce8-f03ac7d38b97
Esophageal opening in diaphragm is at the level of
T8
T10
T12
T6
1b
single
Oesophagus pierces diaphragm at level of tenth thoracic veebrae. BD CHAURASIA&;S HUMAN ANATOMY VOLUME 1. 6TH EDITION Page no- 282
Anatomy
Thorax
8d574689-dec7-4d9e-932e-ed80f6edb547
Treatment of choice for Aniseikonia
Ohoptic exercise
Spectacles
Surgery
Contact lens
3d
single
Treatment 1. Optical aniseikonia may be corrected by aniseikonic glasses, contact lenses or intraocular lenses depending upon the situation. 2. For retinal aniseikonia treat the cause. 3. Coical aniseikonia is very difficult to treat. Image : Aniseikonia Reference : A K KHURANA OPHTALMOLOGY,Edition 4,Page-39
Ophthalmology
Optics and refraction
2a454228-c63c-404e-ba3d-57a7c4facc60
One of the following is not a 5–HT receptor antagonist :
Ketanserin
Lanreotide
Methysergide
Tropisetron
1b
single
Lanreotide is a somatostatin analog used in acromegaly.
Pharmacology
null
7bf07e7a-c0c8-4c64-8c1a-2fe1536175b3
All are true regarding fetal hydantoin syndrome except :
Digital hypoplasia
Macrocephaly
Microcephaly
Cleft lip
1b
multi
Macrocephaly is not a feature of fetal hydantoin syndrome Fetal hydantoin syndrome Phenytoin is teratogenic Features : Hypoplastic phalanges Cleft palate Harelip Microcephaly Due to arene-oxide metabolite
Pharmacology
Epilepsy
71586723-4357-4355-a76b-40551970b0ee
Which of the following beta adrenergic agonist is used as an aerosol for treatment of bronchial asthma?
Salbutamol
Ketotifen
Fluticasone
Monteleukast
0a
single
Ans: a (Salbutamol) Ref: KDT, 5 ed, p. 217Salbutamol (albuterol) is a highly selective beta 2 agonist.Inhaled salbutamol produces bronchodilation within 5 min and the action lasts for 2-4 hours.Drugs used tor bronchial asthma:Bronchodilators:a. Sympathomimetic-AdrenalineEphedrineIsoprenalinesalbutamolterbutalineb. Meth...
Pharmacology
A.N.S.
b6fd98dd-4288-43fb-a4e6-ebbfc8160e69
In a Prospective study, 1200 patient were randomly selected to study the effect of a New drug. The drug will be given for 5 years and its association with cataract will be studied. What type of study is this?
Case control study
Coho study
Randomized clinical trial
Cross sectional study
2c
single
If you are giving a drug so it is a experimental study or trial If we have a comparison group in which you give some other drug or placebo then also it is randomized clinical trial Hea of RCT- Randomization ( applied while allocating them or dividing them into reference group.) Equal & known chance is present.
Social & Preventive Medicine
RCT, Trials
6bab73d2-de56-4528-9d41-82c0715e9e31
Which of the following primary produces a Radio-opaque secondary in bone?
Prostate
Thyroid
Kidney
Breast
0a
single
Ans. Prostate
Radiology
null
5666a362-cb76-40e6-a0cb-1d72c7bcc983
Epithelium is absent in lens on-
Anterior surface
Anterior pole
Posterior surface
At zonular attachment
2c
single
There is no epitheliunm on posterior surface.
Ophthalmology
Lens
d8f37658-f55c-4daf-9b71-b2c266308f1b
Most common childhood malignancy is
ALL
AML
CLL
CML
1b
multi
.
Anatomy
All India exam
cc060312-1866-4611-938f-840c1040ad42
Plasma urea / creatinine ratio of 20:1 may be seen in:
Rhabdomyolysis
Ureteric calculi
Pre-renal failure
Chronic Glomerulonephritis
2c
single
Plasma urea/creatinine ratio of 20:1 is seen in renal azotemia. In renal failure both BUN and creatinine levels are elevated, and the ratio is elevated as filtered urea is reabsorbed and creatinine is excreted. Ref: CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatmentchapter, Chapter 9; Advances in clinical chemistry, Volume 29 By Herbe E. S...
Medicine
null
53b0d622-bf9e-41da-ad0c-b3d37a037b9e
A full term neonate is born after a long, difficult delivery. The baby has an APGAR score of 3, so aerial blood is drawn for blood gas studies 3 minutes after delivery. Aerial blood gas studies show a PO2 of 10mmHg, PCO2 of 27mmHg, and pH of 7.09. Which of the following is the best interpretation of these studies?
Markedly decreased PCO2, suggesting hyperventilation
Markedly decreased pH, suggesting acidosis
Markedly decreased PO2, suggesting respiratory failure
Within normal limits
3d
single
This is something of a trick question, but it is included to illustrate a specific point of which you should be aware. The biochemistries of neonates, especially in the first minutes to hours of life, can be strikingly different from those of adults. Specifically, the normal range of aerial blood pH at bih is 7.11 to 7...
Physiology
null
6c7291c6-1e51-4b87-ad4e-92d15c3b7f90
If you calculate the plasma osmolality of a child with plasma Na+ 125 mEq/l, glucose 108 mg/ dl, and BUN (blood urea nitrogen) 140 mg/ dl, the most appropriate answer would be:
300 mOsm/kg
306 mOsm/kg
312 mOsm/kg
318 mOsm/kg
1b
single
B i.e. 306 mOsm/kg
Physiology
null
de4c7752-0d4c-480f-89bd-b8ab60abaafd
Not a feature of ZES?
Diarrhea non-responsive to fasting
Epigastric pain
Large gastric ulcer
Secretin study is the investigation of choice
2c
single
Feature of ZES. Diarrhea non- responsive to fasting (secretory diarrhea) Epigastric pain 2nd pa of Duodenum, Multiple duodenum ulcer (Not present in stomach) Secretin study in the IOC - BAO/MAO = 0.6
Medicine
Zollinger Ellision Syndrome
331c01c8-186b-4662-8f8f-f2227ccf5f4a
The difference between primary and secondary healing is
More granulation tissue and fibrosis is seen in secondary healing
Scar is more cosmetic in secondary healing
Secondary healing occurs faster
Surgical wound heal commonly by secondary healing
0a
single
In secondary healing : More granulation tissue and fibrosis occurs. Scar is loss cosmetic. Secondary healing occurs slower. Surgical wounds are clean cut, hence they heal by secondary healing.
Surgery
null
135b6075-0d47-4769-87e7-14cd3f6a7515
Left supra-renal vein is tributary of
Renal vein
IVC
Superior mesenteric vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
0a
single
Ans. a (Renal vein). (Ref. BD Chaurasia Human Anatomy Vol. II 3rd ed. 274)# Each adrenal has three arteries supplying it, superior supra-renal artery--a branch of inferior phrenic, middle suprarenal--a branch of abdominal aorta and inferior supra-renal artery--a branch of renal artery# Each gland has one vein, right dr...
Anatomy
Blood Vessels of Abdomen and Pelvis
d88f22ea-1a5e-4cd1-93e0-9800af6c0c34
A person present with recurrent swelling on face and lips due to emotional stress.likely cause is
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
Allergy
Anaphylaxis
None of the above
0a
multi
Ref Robbins 9/e 238; 8/e p 235 Acquired angioedema due to deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor, also called acquired angioedema and abbreted C1INH-AAE, is a rare syndrome of recurrent episodes of angioedema, without uicaria, which is associated with B cell lymphoproliferative disorders in some patients
Anatomy
General anatomy
f1be8730-ef17-4efd-b863-67e1ee0a02bd
All the following are TRUE about HCG except
Has luteotrophic action
Acts on the same receptors as LH
Secreted by cytotrophoblast
It is a glycoprotein
2c
multi
hCG is produced by syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta and secreted into the blood of both mother and fetus
Anatomy
All India exam
6f574f7f-9eaf-4ac2-9fe6-1222bdecbad0
Which of the following statements regarding ACE iinnhibitor is true.
This inhibit the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1
Omission of prior diuretic dose decrease the dose of Postal hypotension
Lisinopril is sho acting than Enalapril
These are contraindicated in Diabetic patients
1b
multi
This group of drug inhibitor enzyme kinases 2 or ACE. So this drug decreases the activity of RAAS. And also potentiate the action of vasodilatory of bradykinin Because these are prevented from conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2. So these can decrease the action of former but not later This group of drug is mo...
Pharmacology
Cardiovascular system
41fc2587-25c8-4f63-811d-4d096de7ba30
Limb girdle muscle dystrophies include all of the following groups of disorders except:
Sarcoglycanopathies
Dystroglycanopathies
Dysferlinopathies
Calpainopathies
1b
multi
Ans. b. Dystroglycanopathies (Ref: Harrison 19/e p462e-6, 462e-6t. 462e-7t. 18/e pp 3492,3493, 3494)Calpain-J, Sarcoglycans (y,a,b and y) and dysferlin are all examples of defective gene/loeus in Limb girdle dystrophies. Dystrophin is associated with Duchenne's and Becker's type of muscular dystrophies and is not assoc...
Medicine
Genetics
04c1b080-16fc-4ba6-b2c8-2da45146a5a9
Special stain for Amyloid which is most diagnostic -
Lugol’s Iodine
Sudan black
Congo red polarized light
Congo red in Illumination
2c
single
Congo red is not used in lipid staining. It is used in the staining of amyloid protein.
Pathology
null
565e800e-1e38-45bc-bac4-db390e628d61
25 year old man with 3 weeks fever presented with tricuspid valve vegetation. Most common cause is ? MC cause of Endocorditis in I.V. drug abuses
Staph aureus
Candida albicans
Pseudomonas
Streptococcus viridans
0a
single
Staph aureus "Endocarditis among i.v. drug users especially when infection involves the tricuspid valve is commonly caused by S. aureus strains many of which are methicillin resistant". Left sided valve infection in addicts has a more varied etiology and involve abnormal valves often ones damaged by prior episodes of e...
Microbiology
null
2d312243-945a-43f7-bd97-d16aa2f7b35b
Antitubercular drug causing gout is: March 2005
Streptomycin
Ethambutol
Rifampicin
None
1b
multi
Ans. B: Ethambutol Drugs causing gout/hyperuricemia include Diuretics Low-dose salicylate Cyclosporine Pyrazinamide Ethambutol Levodopa 1 Nicotinic acid Methoxvflurane
Pharmacology
null
33a6ad59-4dd9-4ff1-bd0a-9a40f77f696b
Which of the following is contraindication for open reduction & internal fixation (ORIF)?
Active infection
Soft tissue contractures around the fracture site
Soft bones
All of the above
3d
multi
Ans. d (All of the above). (Ref. Orthopedics Maheshwari, 2nd/15; Campbell Orthopaedics 9th/2002)# The conditions, which have high chances of failure with operative treatment i.e., open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), are:- Osteoporotic soft bone that is too fragile to allow stabilization by internal or external...
Orthopaedics
Management In Orthopedics
0b755445-0af9-4ac0-9e20-a894b3b60c2e
Neck holding comes at what age?
2 months
3 months
4 months
5 months
1b
single
O.P. Ghai 7th ed, page7 Neck holding comes at 3 months.
Anatomy
General anatomy
a87d6592-2063-49e1-bbbc-dea8027ccb50
A 22-year-old woman experiences a sudden onset of severe lower abdominal pain. Physical examination shows no masses, but there is severe tenderness in the right lower quadrant. A pelvic examination shows no lesions of the cervix or vagina. Bowel sounds are detected. An abdominal ultrasound scan shows a 4-cm focal enlar...
Cervical culture positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Detection of human chorionic gonadotropin in serum
69, XXY karyotype on decidual tissue cells
Pap smear showing pseudo hyphae of Candida
1b
multi
Conditions predisposing to ectopic pregnancy include chronic salpingitis (which may be caused by gonorrhea, but a culture would be positive only with acute infection), intrauterine tumors, and endometriosis. In about half of the cases, there is no identifiable cause. Gestational trophoblastic disease associated with a ...
Pathology
Female Genital Tract
2636b2b5-895f-4a90-af3b-a77e423c3ce1
All of the following statements about Zenker&;s diveiculum are true Except
Acquired diveiculum
Lateral X-rays on Barium swallow are often diagnostic
False diveiculum
Out pouching of the anterior pharyngeal wall, just above the cricopharyngeus muscle
3d
multi
It is a protrusion of mucosa through Killian's dehiscence, a weak area of posterior pharyngeal wall between thyropharyngeus (oblique fibres) and cricopharyngeus(transverse fibres) of the inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx. Barium swallow-lateral view shows pharyngeal pouch. It is a false diveiculum because it conta...
Surgery
G.I.T
59b9cdbb-7839-4348-9985-2d19d0726e8b
Duration of action of flumazenil is:
5 minute
10 minute
20 minute
1-2 hours
3d
single
Flumazenil is absorbed orally ;oral bioavailability is ~16% but its not used orally .On I.v .injection ,action of flumazenil stas in seconds &last for 1-2 hours ;elimination t1/2 is 1 hour due to rapid metabolism. REF: KD Tripathi 8th ed.
Pharmacology
Central Nervous system
0d195b51-2758-4be1-8e4e-ff5e73dcbfab
Founder members of vision 2020 are A/E
WHO
UNICEF
ORBIS
International Agency for prevention of blindness
1b
single
B i.e. UNICEF
Ophthalmology
null
19c3a1f8-f6f3-46b2-a41b-10dcf2db0941
A male patient with blunt Trauma Abdomen is hemodynamically stable. What is the next line of management?
Observation
Further imaging of abdomen
Exploratory Laparotomy
Laparoscopy
1b
multi
A hemodynamically stable patient after blunt trauma abdomen should need further evaluation by imaging. Imaging of the abdomen with Ultrasound (FAST) is the best next line of investigation.
Surgery
null
d4beb2a7-c9f6-4e9b-af92-c78653348762
Drug used in Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy is?
a1agonist
a1. antagonist
a2, agonist
a2 antagonist
1b
single
ANSWER: (B) a, antagonistsREF: KDT 7th ed p-135, Goodman and Gillman's 11th ed page 172,173,183
Pharmacology
Anti Adrenergic System
3ded02f3-576c-4c6f-ba3a-80cc866985fd
All of the following can velli used to treat alcohol dependence except:
Naltrexone
Acamprosate
Flumazenil
Disulfiram
2c
multi
Ref: Katzung 11/e p395 Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist used for treat of benzodiazepine overdose and not for alcohol dependence.
Pharmacology
Central Nervous system
53925f03-9145-4ca4-97ea-2e9f154fd36c
Which of the following is the most common organism found in retreatment cases of periapical abscess?
E. faecalis
Trepenoma denticola
S. mutans
Actinomyces
0a
single
PERSISTENT APICAL PERIODONTITIS It is post-treatment apical periodontitis in an endodontically treated tooth (re-treatment case). Enterococcus faecalis is found the most consistently reported organism in persistent apical periodontitis.
Dental
null
268b0eef-4249-4999-8a4c-f132a0ec9050
Homonymous hemianopia is seen in all except -
Optic nerve lesion
Optic tract lesion
Lesions of lateral geniculate body
Visual coex lesion
0a
multi
Lesions of the optic nerve. These are characterised by marked loss of vision or complete blindness on the affected side associated with abolition of the direct light reflex on the ipsilateral side and consensual on the contralateral side. Near (accommodation) reflex is present. Common causes of optic nerve lesions are:...
Ophthalmology
Neuro-ophthalmology
fac1a18c-30b2-4e6d-a0bb-037cac235af6
Wof is long acting NSAID
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Diclofenac
Piroxicam
3d
single
ENOLIC ACID DERIVATIVES (Oxicams) Piroxicam:- It is a long-acting potent NSAID with anti-inflammatory potency similar to indomethacin and good analgesic-antipyretic action. It is a nonselective, reversible inhibitor of COX; lowers PG concentration in synol fluid and inhibits platelet aggregation--prolonging bleeding ti...
Pharmacology
Autacoids
d8c81389-12b0-4288-b94b-4eafd3031e24
Earliest symptom of carcinoma cervix is
Irregular vaginal bleed
Post coital bleed
Foul smelling discharge
Pain
0a
single
Ans. is a i.e. Irregular vaginal bleeding "In its very early stage, invasive carcinoma of cervix causes no symptoms and is discovered accidently or as a result of routine search. Symptoms come with surface ulceration and consist only of irregular uterine bleeding or discharge or both. These being pe-or postmenopausal i...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
058349ad-8cad-49e2-bd7d-1adefceb3093
All of the followings are responsible for Right shifting of O2 saturation curve; except:
Hypoxia
Hypocapnia
Increase temp
Increased 2,3 DPG
1b
multi
Ans. b. HypocapniaThe factors shift the curve to the right:Increased CO2 (Bohr effect)Increased hydrogen ion (decrease pH)Increased temperatureIncreased 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG)Shifts in Hb-O2 dissociation curveStored blood loses 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate, causing a left shift in the curve, while hypoxia stimul...
Physiology
Respiratory System
a1668df3-ad2a-4591-8d36-d3db9a07eb7f
In tumor lysis syndrome all of the following are seen except -
Hypernatremia
Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hyperphosphatemia
1b
multi
Tumor lysis syndrome Caused by destruction of large number of rapidly proliferating neoplastic cells. It frequently leads to ARF It is characterized by Hypocalcemia  Hyperkalemia    Lactic acidosis    Hyperuricemia Hyperphosphatemia                            Most frequently associated with treatment of Burkitt lymp...
Pathology
null
4d8126c5-6883-46d1-a37c-937433ea269a
which of the following Is used in the treatment of hyperprolactineinia?
Cimetidine
Methysergide
Bromocriptine
Ondansetron
2c
single
Dopamine actions are always opposite to prolactin Bromocriptine is a dopamine receptor agonist (mainly D2 receptors). Dopamine is the main factors controlling prolactin secretion. Being a agonist it effectively reduces the secretion of prolactin. apa from bromocriptine, cabergoline, pergolide are also used in hyperprol...
Pharmacology
Endocrinology
7390a45c-bc84-463f-9db9-edc0a16d9ca1
All of the following are true regarding G-6PD deficiency except
A recessive X-linked trait
Females are commonly affected
Oxidative stress causes hemolysis
Protective against Palsmodium falciparum malariae
1b
multi
G6PD deficiency is a X linked recessive disease common among males. G6PD deficiency is a genetic condition that is passed along from one or both parents to their child. The defective gene that causes this deficiency is on the X chromosome, which is one of the two sex chromosomes. Men have only one X chromosome, while w...
Pediatrics
Hematology
5049393a-dc1c-4e54-894c-05806f710021
Period of infectivity for Measles is:-
2 days before to 5 days after appearance of rash
1 day before to 1 day after appearance of rash
4 days before to 5 days after appearance of rash
Lifelong
2c
single
C. POX- 2 days before to 5 days after appearance of Rash. MEASLES- 4 days before to 5 days after appearance of Rash. RUBELLA- 7 days before symptoms to 7 days after appearance of Rash. MUMPS - 5-6 days before symptoms to 7 days after appearance of symptoms. INFLUENZA - 1-2 days before symptoms to 1-2 days after. DIPHTH...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Respiratory Infections
be56bf15-4ee1-4ee4-a617-c2fde4086237
Regarding G6PD deficiency true are – a) Autosomal dominantb) Bite cell (+)c) Protects against kala azard) Enzyme level directly proportional to age of RBCe) Sex preponderance
ab
be
bc
ce
1b
multi
Glucose -6-Phosphatase dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked inherited disorder which is seen more frequently in boys
Pediatrics
null
8331f967-1fc5-479b-8af9-ae34f153e0de
A 1-year-old girl is brought to the emergency room by her parents who report she has had a fever and diarrhea for 3 days. Her temperature is 38degC (101degF). The CBC shows a normal WBC count and increased hematocrit (48 g/dL). Which of the following is the most likely cause of increased hematocrit in this patient?
Acute phase response
Dehydration
Diabetes insipidus
Malabsorption
1b
single
Increased hematocrit in this patient reflects hemoconcentration caused by dehydration, secondary to diarrhea. This hematologic condition, termed relative polycythemia, is characterized by decreased plasma volume with a normal red cell mass. When patients suffer from burns, vomiting, excessive sweating, or diarrhea, the...
Pathology
Hemodynamics
0ef838a6-5ee4-46c8-8d82-4bdad93b7350
Exposure to which of the following mandates passive immunization with standard immune serum globulin?
Rabies
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Tetanus
1b
single
Passive immunization can be used to provide temporary immunity in a person who is exposed to an infectious disease and has not been previously actively immunized. Standard human immune serum globulin does not contain known antibody content for a specific agent, unlike special immune serum globulins that exist for the t...
Medicine
Infection
f93516e5-a707-4dfe-9086-62b143d046e5
Which vein is preferable for coronary by pass grafting-
Saphenous vein
Short saphenous vein
Epigastric vessels
Radial artery
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Saphenous vein o Most common conduits used is greater saphenous vein. Ideal characteristics of a saphenous vein conduit are that it should be atleast having diameter of 3.5 mm and free from any varicosity or areas of structure,o If the saphenous vein is inadequate or unavailable^ short saphenous vein ...
Surgery
Thorax
a296fa0c-4b9f-4ee1-b3d8-4b45bcf756fa
What is the definition of society -
System of social relationship between individuals
Social relationship between families
Interaction of individuals and people
Relationship of individual family and the country
0a
single
- society is an organisation of its member agents where each member has to conform to its norms. - impoant feature is a system of social relationship between its members. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:671 <\p>
Social & Preventive Medicine
Social science, Mental health & Genetics
c2dffdc2-9c48-46d5-8090-a8665c6ed1d6
All of the following are class Ic anti-arrhythmic drugs except?
Propafenone
Tocainide
Enacainide
Flecainide
1b
multi
CLASS I ANTI-ARRHYTHMICS Class Mechanism Drugs Ia Na+ and K+ channel blocker Quinidine Procainamide Ib Na+ channel blocker K+ channel opener Lignocaine Phenytoin Tocainide Ic Na+ Channel blocker Enacainide Flecainide Propafenone Tocainide: Class Ib anti-arrhythmic.
Pharmacology
Hypeension, Arrhythmias, Dyslipidemia
953cbf5e-107a-4725-b6ab-55963758fac7
Helper and cytotoxic cells belong to:
T cells
B cells
Monocytes
Macrophages
0a
single
A i.e. T cells
Physiology
null
0405c941-53be-48f4-b732-7527a67fa6e5
Which of the following is ester local anesthetics -
Cocaine
Lidocaine
Mepivacaine
Prilocaine
0a
single
Local Anaesthetics are divided in two group Aminoamide and Aminoesters Aminoester - sho acting - cocaine , procaine and chloroprocaine long acting - Benzocaine and Tetracaine Aminoamide - intermediate acting - lignocaine , prilocaine ,mepivacaine long acting - Bupivacaine , Ropivacaine , Dibucaine Aminoester Local Anes...
Anaesthesia
Regional Anesthesia
6bf4bdc5-63d1-4a9e-91d8-008165f51fe2
Wickehm's stria seen in –
Lichen niditus
Lichenoid eruption
Lichen striates
Lichen planus
3d
single
The surface of lesion of lichen planus has white streaks when examined under magnifying lens → Wickham's stria.
Dental
null
f8d6c4a7-2037-44be-bbf6-8a1ea4b0de54
The incubation period of LGV is?
3-7 days
7-10 days
10-30 days
30-90 days
2c
single
Ans. C. 10-30 daysThe incubation period for LGV (the time interval between sexual contact and the appearance of symptoms) varies on average from 10 to 14 days. At times the incubation period may be as long as up to 6 weeks after sexual contact with an infected paner. Feature SyphilisHerpes ChancroidLGV Donovanosis Incu...
Microbiology
null
ef614fae-b369-466f-bf78-15e084318f6c
All are true regarding Rabies virus, except?
Single Stranded RNA virus
Linear
Negative sense
Space vehicle shaped
3d
multi
It is a bullet shaped virus with a single serotype. It is detected by immunofluoresence. The rabies virus is a neurotropic virus. These viruses areenveloped and have a single stranded RNA genome with negative-sense. All transcription and replication events take place in the cytoplasm inside a specialized "virus factory...
Microbiology
null
d86c3986-78b9-4cef-a8dd-db89ed6bd3a6
Which of the following agent is safest for treating chloroquine resistant malaria in a 26 year old primigravida?
Mefloquine
Pyrimethamine
Proguanil
Quinine plus clindamycin
3d
single
Chloroquine is the treatment of choice for malaria caused by all sensitive Plasmodium species. For the woman with chloroquine-resistant infection, which constitutes the majority of falciparum infections, quinine plus clindamycin is currently recommended. quinine may induce hyperinsulinemia and thus, possible maternal a...
Pharmacology
null
d40a4151-5a05-482c-b9cd-979cfd23aa2c
Contractile dysfuncation seen in which type of cardiomyopathy?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Restrcited cardiomyopathy
Hyperophic cardiomyopathy
Infiltrative cardiomyopathy
0a
single
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by progressive cardiac dilation and contractile (systolic) dysfunction, usually with concurrent hyperophy; regardless of cause, the clinicopathologic patterns are similar. DCM results in systolic (contractile) dysfunction. Causes include myocarditis, toxic exposures (e.g., ...
Medicine
C.V.S
94a743d9-539d-4bcb-a6f1-b9732f7b2c56
The most likely cause for suture leak after colon resection and anastomosis for cancer sigmoid is ?
Subclinical malnutrition
Infection of anastomotic site
Mechanical disruption due to colonic pressure and contractility
Ischaemia
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ischaemia
Surgery
null
d69d7887-40c9-4d59-94e0-5194c84120c9
A 13-year-old girl has two non-tender lesions on her fingers that have appeared over the past 5 months. On physical examination, there are 0.5-cm slightly raised, pebbly-surfaced, gray-white papules, one on the dorsum of her distal right index finger, and another periungual to her little finger. They gradually disappea...
BRAF gene mutation
Human papillomavirus infection
IgA antibody deposition
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
1b
multi
Verrucae, or warts, are quite common, particularly in children, and tend to persist for up to a couple of years. There are subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated with distinct clinical appearances: verruca vulgaris on the hands, verruca plana (flat wart) on the face and hands, verruca palmaris on the palms, ...
Pathology
Skin
cd17c094-bc6d-4817-8cd4-3f6f5856812c
Cretinism is _____________
Dispropoionate dwarfism
Sho stature with long trunk
Sho stature with sho trunk
Long stature with long trunk
0a
single
Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome, previously known as cretinism, is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth owing to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone (congenital hypothyroidism) usually owing to maternal hypothyroidism. Results in Dispropoionate dwarfism Reference: GHAI Essenti...
Pediatrics
Growth and development
d068d490-3649-4970-829e-f95439fea36d
Laloo, a 40-year-old male has recently staed writing books. But the matter in his book could not be understood by anybody since it contained words which were never there in any dictionary and the theme was very disjoint. Nowadays he has become very shy and self absorbed. When he addresses people he speaks about meta ph...
Mania
Schizophrenia
Depression
Delusional disorder
1b
single
The history is suggestive of schizophrenia as following signs are described in patient. Neologisms - creates new own words. Formal thought disorders - theme is very disjoint Presence of negative symptoms -shy and self absorbed
Psychiatry
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
fcea8672-7e89-4a98-8b03-fb0a627f7a22
Diabetic patient with mass and blackish discharge from nose is most likely to have:
Aspergillus
Mucormycosis
Rhinosporidium
Candida
1b
single
Ans: b (Mucormycosis) Ref: Dhingra, 4th ed, p. 151MucormycosisSeen in uncontrolled diabetics and immunosuppressive drug usageClinical features include black necrotic mass filling nasal cavity eroding the septumComplicationsIt can break through cribriform plate entering meninges and brainTreatment:Amphotericin B and sur...
ENT
Nose and PNS
a36afe31-adb1-4a20-a50b-f6ab0f31b659
True about peripheral nerve injury in upper limb
Radial nerve injury cause anaesthesia over anatomical snuff box
Median nerve injury cause wrist drop
Ulnar nerve injury Cause claw hand
Index finger anesthesia is caused by median nerve injury
0a
multi
The radial nerve is very commonly damaged in the region of the radial (spiral) groove. The common causes of injury are: (i) intramuscular injections in the arm (triceps), (ii) sleeping in an armchair with the limb hanging by the side of the chair (Saturday night palsy), or even the pressure by a crutch (crutch paralysi...
Anatomy
Upper limb
f2f91521-c2a0-4a27-b3c7-0008874c1a05
Wiskott Aldrich syndrome is characterized by all Except:
Thrombocytopenia
Autosomal recessive
Failure of aggregation of platelets in response to agonists
Eczema
1b
multi
Answer is B (Autosomal Recessive) Wiskot Aldrich syndrome is an X linked Recessive syndrome and not an autosonzal recessive syndrome. Wiskott Aldrish Syndrome is associated with an impaired platelet aggregation response. `Several platelet abnormalities have been repoed in Wiskott Aldrich syndrome including impaired agg...
Medicine
null
9747c349-6e75-4ecc-805c-9d616f85c6e0
A 48 year old woman was admitted with a history of weakness for two months. On examination, cervical lymph nodes were found enlarged and spleen was palpable 2 cm below the costal margin. Her hemoglobin was 10.5 g/dl, platelet count 2.7 X 1091L and total leukocyte count 40 X 109/ L, which included 80% mature lymphoid ce...
A pseudofollicular pattern with proliferation centers
A monomorphic lymphoid proliferation with a nodular pattern
A predominantly follicular pattern
A diffuse proliferation of medium to large lymphoid cells with high mitotic rate
3d
single
Ans is 'd' i.e., A diffuse proliferation of medium to large lymphoid cells with high mitotic rateo Lymphocytes postive for CD 19, CD20, CD23, CD5 suggest the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/smalllymphcytic lymphoma.o In CLL/SLL larger lymphocytes show high mitotic activity and form proliferation centre.Chroni...
Pathology
null
fc262241-b237-482d-899a-9a8cc480c07f
40 year female presents to surgical OPD with C /O breast heaviness O/e following finding is seen. What is the T stage of this malignancy?
T3
T4a
T4b
T4c
1b
single
The video depicts extension of tumor to chest wall . T4a Extension to chest wall (chest wall is formed by Ribs, Intercostal muscles, Serratus Anterior) T4b Ulceration , edema including Peau-D-Orange , Satellite nodules T4c T4a + T4b T4d Inflammatory breast cancer Not included in T4 Involvement of dermis alone Nipple re...
Surgery
General Surgery
7e5a28d9-283e-48e0-8493-ad1380485d41
Fatty acid in cholesterol is mainly:
Linoleic
Oleic
None
Arachidonic
2c
multi
Fatty acid is not present in cholesterol Cholesterol structure It has 27 Carbons and an -OH group at C3. There are 4 fused hydrocarbon rings (A to D), which is known as Steroid nucleus. A branched hydrocarbon chain is attached at C-17. Structure of Cholesterol
Biochemistry
Chemistry of Lipids
c8c0403f-2c1b-4c6b-aebe-846b4757a6f2
A 25 year old male is undergoing incision and drainage of abscess under general anaesthesia with Spontaneous respiration. The most efficient anaesthetic circuit is
Maplelson A
Mapleson B
Mapleson C
Mapleson D
0a
single
Mapelson breathing systems are classified as Mapelson A, B, C, D, E, F Mapelson A also known as Magill&;s circuit. Ranking of Mapelson&;s systems based on superiority as follows : Spontaneous ventilation : A>D,F,E>C,B Controlled ventilation : D, F, E>B,C>A Mapelson A is more efficient in spontaneous ventilation Mapelso...
Anaesthesia
Anaesthetic equipments
442765c6-b18f-40df-a2f1-0f68543c4154
In a classical case of Meniere's disease which one of the following statement is true -
Carhart's Notch is a characteristic feature in puretone audiogram
Schwartz's sign is usually present in the tympanic membrane
Low frequency sensorineural deafness is often seen in pure tone audiogram
Decompression of fallopian canal is the treatment of choice
2c
multi
Carharts’ notch and Schwartz’s sign are seen in otosclerosis Decompression of endolymphatic sac (and not fallopian canal) is done in Meniere’s disease. Decompression of Fallopian canal is done in traumatic facial nerve palsy. * Meniere’s disease is associated with – SNHL which affects low frequencies first, followed b...
ENT
null
8dbae7c0-cb10-4a67-9258-c0007087d121
All are findings in a dead born fetus except
Maceration
Spalding's sign
Robe's sign
Caput succedaneum
3d
multi
Findings in dead born fetus: Rigor mois at delivery Maceration Spalding's sign Robe's sign Mummification Putrefaction Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE ANF TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 346
Forensic Medicine
Sexual offences and infanticide
00aa1776-c20f-40c5-9412-11932a24f9bf
Strain is defined as:
An applied load or force
A deformation resulting from an applied load
An external force opposing an applied load
An internal force opposing an applied Load
1b
single
Strain—Change in dimension per unit initial dimension. For tensile and compressive strain, a change in length is measured relative to the initial reference length. Strain, or the change in length per unit length, is the relative deformation of an object subjected to a stress. Strain may be either elastic, plastic, elas...
Dental
null
3abad884-b135-47a7-8a97-dbca4638f86a
Fasting Blood sugar should be maintained in a pregnant diabetic female as:
70-100 mg%
100-130 mg%
130-160 mg%
160-190 mg%
0a
single
Ans. is a, i.e. 70-100mg%Ref Dutta Obs. 7/e, p 285Metabolic Goals during Pregnancy:Fasting <95mg/dL1 hr PP <140mg/dL2 hr PP <120mg/dL (average 100mg/dl)HbA1c-6%-If these goals are not achieved patient should be put on Insulin.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Medical & Surgical Illness Complication Pregnancy
ac122ce8-f639-4fd6-b5a1-5cebd2fe5180
Which is FALSE regarding Anganwadi worker: September 2012
Pa time worker
Undergoes 4 month training
1 for 1000 children
Selected from the community itself
2c
multi
Ans: C i.e. 1 for 1000 children Anganwadi worker The Anganwadi system is mainly managed by the Anganwadi worker. She is a health worker chosen from the community and given 4 months training in health, nutrition and child-care. She is in charge of an Anganwadi which covers a population of 1000. About 10 Anganwadi worker...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
6cb59fd2-475c-4c9c-a281-43cdcf8a199c
A 40-year old female presented with dyspnoea on exeion grade III and palpitations. ECG showed atrial fibrillation with fast ventricular rate. Echocardiography shows severe mitral stenosis with left atrial appendage clot. Which of the following is not advised?
Diltiazen to control ventricular rate
Sta warfarin and follow-up with repeat echocardiography
EC followed by percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty
Open mitral commissurotomy with clot removal
2c
multi
Ans. c. EC followed by percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty
Medicine
null
da0552cf-ec20-4e8b-9b71-9a1b173ecf1c
Slowest conduction of velosity occurs in
Atrial muscle
A.V. node
Purkinje fibre
Ventricular muscles
1b
single
(A.V. node) (549 - Ganong 22nd) (487-488-K.S 4th) (492- Ganong 23rd)The velocity of impulse is maximum in purkinje fibres and minimum at AV nodeTissueConduction rate (m/s) (Ganong)K. Sembulingum* S A node0.05Intemodal fibres - l.0m/s* Atrial pathway1Atrial muscle = 0.3m/s* A V. node0.050.05 m/s* Bundle of His10.12 m/s*...
Physiology
Heart, Circulation, and Blood
132f9fd2-6e7e-4927-9fc2-34acb82d1d63
Lateral orbital wall is formed by
Zygomatic bone and greater wing of sphenoid
Zygomatic and orbital process of palatine
Frontal process of maxilla
Frontal bone and lesser wing of sphenoid
0a
multi
Orbital wall Roof - Frontal - Lesser wing of sphenoid Floor -Zygomatic & orbital process of palatine Medial wall frontal process of maxilla - Lacrimal Bone - Orbital plate of the ethmoid - Body of the sphenoid Lateral wall - Zygomatic - Greater wing of sphenoid
Ophthalmology
Ocular Embryology& Anatomy
eae6b2bb-6996-4c46-b812-6a22e2031405
Which is true regarding Barrett's esophagus?
Squamous metaplasia of lower esophagus
Seen mainly in females
Premalignant
Responds to conservative management
2c
multi
Barrett's esophagus Age - 55-65 years. 2:1 male-to-female ratio, with white males making up more than 80% of cases. Columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus Does not respond to any treatment. Premalignant condition diagnosed with UGIE with biopsy. If high grade dysplasia is found , go for fuher intervention
Medicine
Peptic Ulcer Disease
2e2f91c2-4e90-4384-935d-6858febf815a
Slope of pressure volume curve of lung represents:
Compliance of lung
Conductance
Surface tension
Transpulmonary pressure
0a
single
Ans. a (Compliance of lung). (Ref. Ganong Physiology 23rd/ pg. 654-657; Figure 35-10)Lung compliance is an index of lung distensibility or the ease with which the lungs are expanded; thus, compliance is the inverse of elastic recoil. Compliance is defined as the ratio of change of lung volume to the change in pressure ...
Physiology
Respiratory System
628fbb17-88c7-46ba-b4d4-48756a4eda76
The neonatal kidney achieves concentrating ability equivalent to adult's kidney by ?
One year of age
Eighteen months of age
Three to six months of age
Just before pubey
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., One year of age
Surgery
null
37944ac0-a895-46c2-af5e-03acc991ed1c
Harvey's sign is:-
Transmitted pressure wave on coughing in a various vein
Related to the use of venous filling after emptying a length of vein
Loss of hairs from eyebrows
None of the above
1b
multi
Harvey's sign Related to the use of venous filling after emptying a length of vein Delayed venous refilling is called Harvey's sign
Surgery
Venous Disorders
7dce8e87-7131-4276-a730-4ec29772febd
CSF- Rhinorrhoea is commonest in fracture to
Temporal bone
Cribriform plate
Nasal bones
Temporo- sphenoid
1b
single
(Cribriform plate) (155- Dhingra 4th)Localisation of CSF leak* Olfactory slit - Cribriform plate* Middle meatus - Frontal or ethmoid sinus* Sphenoethmoidal recess - Sphenoidal sinus* Inferior meatus near the - (eustachian tube) Temporal Bone* CSF from anterior cranial fossa reaches the nose by way of cribriform plate e...
ENT
Nose and PNS
1230ac7e-378e-4b96-8267-ac213901ff47
All of the following proteins are decreased in Nephrotic syndrome. Except
Transferrin
Fibrinogen
Albumin
Thyroxine Binding Globulin
1b
multi
Answer is B (Fibrinogen) Nephrotic syndrome is characteristically associated with increased fibrinogen levels - Hyper fibrinogenemia. Proteins increased in nephrotic syndrome Fibrinogen Lipoproteins: due to increased synthesis Most proteins are however decreased in Nephrotic Syndrome. Proteins decreased Albumin Transfe...
Medicine
null
542a5a62-278a-4f27-9024-9a7edce115d2
Measure of lnfectivity of a disease:
Incidence rate
Prevalance rate
Secondary attack rate
Case Fatality rate
2c
single
Ref: Park 'Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine', 22nd edition, Pg: 58, 55, 96Explanation:Incidence rateNumber of new cases occurring in a defined population during a specified period in timePrevalence rateIt includes old and new cases, it depends on Incidence and duration of disease Prevalence = incidence X dura...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Infectious Disease Epidemiology
b46b008f-d768-43d4-a6c3-71d3e9705782
All are features of necrotising fasciitis except
Dispropoional pain
Erythema beyond oedema
Dishwater pus
Crepitus
1b
multi
Signs and symptoms of necrotising infections Unusual pain Oedema beyond the area of erythema Crepitus Skin blistering Fever (often absent) Greyish drainage ('dishwater pus') Pink/orange skin staining Focal skin gangrene (late sign) Shock, coagulopathy and multiorgan failure Bailey and Love 27e pg: 30
Surgery
General surgery
0a40a5a2-827e-442d-94d6-a7981036de29
Concentric hyperophy of left ventricle is seen in -
Mitral stenosis
Hypeension
Aoic regurgitation
None
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hypeensiono Concentric hyperophy In pressure overload, e.g. hypeension and aoic stenosis. o Eccentric hyperophy ---> In volume overload, e.g. in aoic regurgitation.
Pathology
null
401b3c06-6591-4bf0-9742-65c770983b16
A patient is going skiing high in the Rockies and is given acetazolamide to protect against altitude sickness. Unfortunately, the patient is also a type 1 diabetic. He is admitted to the hospital in a worsening ketoacidosis. In which of the following cells has acetazolamide inhibited a reaction that has led to the seve...
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Lens of the eye
Hepatocyte
1b
single
Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, which is found primarily in red blood cells. The red blood cells contain carbonic anhydrase that catalyzes the reaction that forms carbonic acid from CO2 andH2 O. Under high- altitude conditions, the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase will lead to a decrease in blood pH, w...
Biochemistry
Carbohydrates
063b2872-6e47-4408-b362-d5e79fca1ff1
The difference between iron sorbitol–citric acid and iron dextran is that the former
Cannot be injected i.v.
Is not bound to transferrin in plasma
Is not excreted in urine
Produces fewer side effects
0a
single
Iron sorbitol citrate should not be used i.v. because it may rapidly saturate the transferrin receptors and can result in high concentrations of free iron.
Pharmacology
null
17f984ba-e24c-43c3-a537-2eb8e45e2290
In Couinaud classification, segment IV of liver is
Caudate lobe
Quadrate lobe
Right lobe
Left lobe
1b
single
Segment 1 - caudate lobe, segment 4 - quadrate lobe ,.segments( 1,2,3,4) left lobe, segments (5,6,7,8)- right lobe Reference SRB edition :5 page:593 and internet
Surgery
G.I.T
82d65ec7-e5f6-48eb-9dcb-ff43be21b085
A young adult presents with proptosis and pain in eye after 4 days of trauma to eye. Chemosis, conjunctival congestion and extraocular muscle palsy with inability to move eye are seen. Investigation of choice:
MRI
Digital subtraction angiography
CT
MR angiography
1b
single
Ans. Digital subtraction angiography
Ophthalmology
null
f77392de-9f6e-48be-aab5-04c9c2961708
2,3 DPG binds to sites in hemoglobin and causes in its oxygen affinity:
Four, increases
Four, decreases
One, increases
One, decreases
3d
single
Ans. D. One, decreasesThe Hemoglobin tetramer binds to one mol of 2,3 BPG in the central cavity formed by four subunits.2,3 BPG forms salt bridges with terminal amino group of both b globin chain via, Valine, Lysine and Histidine.Considering these two sentences, If central cavity is taken into account 2,3 BPG binds to ...
Biochemistry
Vitamins and Minerals
3afb3e27-71e5-4dce-b0ab-b9cc74542f5f
Telogen phase of hair growth lasts for ?
1 day
10 days
100 days
1000 days
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 100 days The most impoant feature of hair follicle is that their activity is cyclic. Hair grows at 0.4 mm per day and as it reaches a definitive length, it is shed to be replaced by a new hair. Hair undergoes through 3 different phases of hair cycle :? 1) Anagen phase (Phase of activity and growth) Th...
Skin
null
37143d90-4956-47be-9a6b-0318b6fbe1c3
Spleniculi means
Splenic calculi
Splenic atrophy
Splenic malignancy
Accessory spleen
3d
single
Ans. (d) Accessory spleen(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg)Accessory spleens or spleniculi are seen inGastrosplenic LigamentLienorenal ligamentGastrophrenic ligamentGreater omentumBroad ligament of uterusSpermatic cord.
Pathology
Misc. (W.B.C)
5146b3e5-daf0-4b3a-a7b1-cd1f64011193
Normal creatinine level is:
0.8 - 1.2 mg/dL
1.0 - 2.0 mg/dL
2.2 - 3.0 mg/dL
3.0 - 3.8 mg/dL
0a
single
0.8 - 1.2 mg/dL
Physiology
null
b3c3e152-370c-48a4-8a4c-20349dec5ffc
pH of vagina in pregnancy is -
4.5
7
8.5
11
0a
single
Ans-A i.e., 4.5 Physiological chanses in vaeina durine pres nancy:o The vaginal walls become hypertrophied, edematous and more vascular.o Increased blood supply to venous plexus surrounding the was Us gives bluish colouration of the mucosa jacquemier's sign).o The length of the anterior vaginal wall is increased.o The ...
Unknown
null
11b0f6d1-5938-406a-80cd-e598ed892f5e
External anal sphincter is innervated by
L4, L5
L5, S1
S1, S2, S3
S2, S3, S4
3d
single
External anal sphincter is controlled by spinal nerves from the S2, S3 and S4 levels of your spinal cord, which form the pudendal nerve. ref - BDC vol2 pg 412-416
Anatomy
Abdomen and pelvis
2458ecea-a5d6-42f8-a21f-e76efb16aeed
A young man has H/O of breathlessness while walking to gym. On examination he has ejection murmur which increase on Valsalva manouvcr. ECO shows LVH with deep Q wave In anterior chest leads. He should avoid
Regular walking in gym
Verapamil
Digitalis
Sublingual nitroglycerine
2c
single
Ref :Harrison&;s 19th E pg 1568. cardiac glycosides should be avoided, as they may increase contractility and worsen obstruction.
Medicine
C.V.S
cdf784ed-fb1c-427b-b05d-3a9417f7834e
Human povey index includes all except ?
Infant moality
Longevity
Knowledge
Standard of living
0a
multi
The Human Povey Index (HPI) was an indication of the povey of community in a country, developed by the Union of Soviet Socialists Republic(USSR) to complement the Human Development Index (HDI) and was first repoed as pa of the Human Deprivation Repo in 1997. It was considered to better reflect the extent of deprivation...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Non communicable diseases