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397158fe-58e9-4afa-b292-e22d8d739ffe | How is fetal blood differentiated from maternal blood: | Kleihauer test | Apt test | Bubble test | Lilly's test | 1b | single | Apt test or Singer&;s alkali denaturation test can be performed to confirm a fetal bleed and thereby vasa pre.Apt test is based on the principle that fetal hemoglobin is more resistant to alkali denaturation.Therefore,when water and the blood are mixed with sodium hydroxide,it remains pink for longer if fetal in origin... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Medical, surgical and gynaecological illness complicating pregnancy |
fa72a3bf-43ec-48f2-b193-8087cf123183 | Most common cause of Genital Herpes | HSV-1 | HSV-2 | HSV-3 (VZV) | HSV-4 (EBV) | 1b | single | Both HSV-1 and 2 can cause genital and oral - facial infection but reaction at oral - facial site is more common with HSV-1 and at the genital site with HSV-2 | Microbiology | null |
41710c3b-bf58-4826-8709-9cd5bc686da6 | False about Streptococcus pyogenes | Causes necrotizing fasciitis | Beta haemolytic | M protein is the virulence factor | Resistant to bacitracin | 3d | multi | A convenient method for the identification of S.pyogenes is based on Maxted's observation that they are more sensitive to bacitracin than other streptococci. a filter paper disc of 0.04 U is applied on the surface of an inoculated blood agar. After incubation, a wide zone of inhibition is seen with S.pyogenes, but not ... | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
cd6615d2-34b6-4eb2-9342-c89586532f70 | A 10 year old boy develops an itchy, vesicular rash, which is maximal on his face and trunk. Physical examination demonstrates a mixture of lesions, with macules, papules, vesicles, and crusted lesions. The mother repos that the lesions seem to be occurring in crops. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | Herpes simplex I | Herpes simplex II | Measles | Varicella | 3d | single | This is varicella (chicken pox), which is the primary form of infection by the herpes zoster (varicella-zoster) virus. Recurrence due to virus harbored in neurons tends to be dermatomal in distribution and is called shingles. Fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia may also be present, paicularly in the prodromal phase. ... | Microbiology | null |
0aa3e6c6-041f-4094-8326-e70d8059eeaf | Retinitis pigmentosa is associated with following except | Refsum's disease | Hallavardian Spatz disease | NARP | Abetalipoproteinemia | 1b | multi | Systemic diseases associated with Retinitis pigmentosa: a. Laurence Moon Biedl syndrome b. Usher's syndrome c. Cockayne's syndrome d. NARP and Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis e. Hallgren's syndrome f. Waardenburg syndrome, g. Bardet-Biedl syndrome h. Abetalipoproteinemia i. Kearns-Sayre syndrome j. Refsum disease k. Alp... | Ophthalmology | All India exam |
6c27d9d6-2bd9-4dfe-ac42-13510004294b | All of the following are anti-pseudomonal EXCEPT: March 2013 | Piperacillin | Cefoperazone | Ceftazidime | Cefadroxil | 3d | multi | Ans. D i.e. Cefadroxil Spectrum of Cefadroxil Good gram (+)ve (Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS), Staphylococcus) Gram (-)ve (Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella) | Pharmacology | null |
e6cccc7a-86b9-498b-bbdd-db32d299752f | Most common cause of stridor in infant and young children - | Abductor palsy | Croup | Laryngomalacia | Epiglottitis | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Laryngomalacia Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital laryngeal anomaly. o It is the most common cause of stridor in infants and children. | Pediatrics | null |
08108723-363e-4537-a36a-32a570d89b91 | The dielectric constant of water is ___. | 105 | 78.5 | 30 | 60 | 1b | single | Water, a strong dipole, has high dielectric constant.
The dielectric constant for water is 78.5.
It decreases the force of attraction between charged and polar species relative to water free environments with lower dielectric constants. | Biochemistry | null |
cf35b125-b5c9-481c-9231-8f4c04f01fad | A young male presented with dyspnea, bleeding and petechial hemorrhage in the chest after 2 days following fracture shaft of the femur right side. Most likely cause is | Air embolism | Fat embolism | Pulmonary thrombo embolism | Amniotic fluid embolism | 1b | single | (Fat -embolism) (855-56-CSDT 12th) (178-Anaesthesia- A. yadav 3rd)FAT-EMBOLISM - Fracture through a large marrow filled cavity almost inevitably results in small showers of fat emboli being swept to the lungs. This can usually be accommodated without serious consequences, but in some cases (and especially in those with... | Surgery | Orthopedics |
9a3b2c78-c246-4b3c-87d9-c60cbc7c11a1 | Neostigmine does not able to cross blood brain barrier because of its | Primary structure | Secondary structure | Teiary structure | Quaternary structure | 3d | single | Refer kDT 6/e p 101 Quaternary ammonium compounds are water soluble and thus cannot cross blood brain barrier. New Stickman is a quaernary derivative whereas physostigmine is a teiary amine | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system |
6f289cca-4ece-4111-b23e-748f20cd48d1 | Release of ferroportin store is controlled by: | Hepcidin | Transferrin | Ferritin | Hepoxin | 0a | single | a. Hepcidin(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2323-2325, Ghai 8/e p 334-335)Ferroportin which regulates the Iron release from tissue store house is regulated by hepcidin hormone released by liver. | Pediatrics | C.V.S. |
905cd5a5-bdba-44d3-bac9-13639abc2771 | Lining epithelium of fallopian tube is | Simple columnar | Psudo-stratified columnar | Ciliated columnar | Simple cuboidal | 2c | multi | INDERBIR SINGH&;S TEXTBOOK OF HUMAN HISTOLOGY-PAGE NO:354 The uterine tube is characterized by presence of numerous branching mucosal folds that almost fill the lumen of the tube The mucosa is lined by ciliated columnar epithelium The uterine tube has a muscular wall with an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer | Anatomy | General anatomy |
c6ddda2d-d93f-44ac-8cd4-3a40a31f777e | DSM-IV TR classification of psychiatric disorders as proposed a multiple axis system for person with psychiatric illness. Personality disorders were classified in which axis? | I | II | III | IV | 1b | single | Ans. B. IIThe DSM IV classification of psychiatric disorders as proposed by American Psychiatry AssociationDSM-IV* Analyze symptoms* Diagnostic features: Course of illness & Exclusion Criteria* Diagnostic reliability: Concordance between physicians' diagnoses of same patient* Lack of validity* Guidelines:- Precedence t... | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous |
8d205524-0254-4768-9a29-6fff52e5482e | 12 years male came with swelling of lower end tibia which is surrounded by rim of reactive bone. What is most likely diagnosis? | GCT | Brodie's Abscess | Hyper PTH | Osteomyelitis | 1b | single | * GCT - occurs around 20-40 years of age* Hyperparathyroidism - typically in a female around 30 years of age; presents with lytic lesion* Brodie's abscess - swelling in the lower end of tibia and radiological evidence of cavity surrounded by a halo of sclerosis (rim of a reactive bone) point towards brodie's abscess. | Orthopaedics | NEET 2019 |
a6d73ebf-f9fc-4d17-a59d-d184ac64c8f2 | Urination in the human subject is decreased by | Nicotinic agonists | AChase inhibitors | muscarinic agonists | muscarinic antagonists | 3d | single | ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS (Muscarinic receptor antagonists, Atropinic, Parasympatholytic) Smooth muscles:- All visceral smooth muscles that receive parasympathetic motor innervation are relaxed by atropine (M3 blockade). Tone and amplitude of contractions of stomach and intestine are reduced; the passage of chyme is slowed... | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system |
3da15319-7156-4dfc-969c-696d36692c3b | Marker of acute kidney injury all except | Clusterin | Osteopontin | Alanine aminopeptidase | Acid phosphatase | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Acid phosphatase Alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) Alkaline phosphatase (AP) Clusterin utathione-S-transferase (a-GST) Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) yglutamyl transpeptidase (TGT) Interleukin-18 (IL-18) N-acetyl-0-glucosaminidase (NAG) Cysteine-rich prot... | Medicine | null |
b3b6d560-b40b-47fa-8447-32db5bf6d60a | Following are true of transferable drug resistance except : | Multiple drug resistance simultaneously | Virulence of bacteria same | Prevented by drug combinations | Very high degree of resistance | 2c | multi | Drug Resistance 1. Transferable drug resistance cannot be prevented by use of drug combinations. Drug combinations are used to get synergistic effect of antibiotics on pathogens in serious diseases. 2. Antimicrobial resistance can be of two types:-* Intrinsic Resistance: It is the innate ability of a bacterium to resis... | Microbiology | General Microbiology (Sterilization and Bacterial Genetics) |
5d8f36d4-9525-445f-a130-714a1c2f0c01 | "Citron bodies" and boat or leaf-shaped pleomorphic organism in an exudate is | Clostridium welchii | Clostridium edematiens | Clostridium septicum | Clostridium tetani | 2c | single | Clostridium septicum: citron bodies, boat or leaf-shaped polymorphic bacilli. Motile by peritrichous flagella. Saccharolytic and produce abundant gas. Produce alpha, beta, delta and gamma toxin. Gas gangrene, Braxy or malignant edema is caused. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Anathanarayan and paniker's; 10th edit... | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
a4d80a64-e315-4090-b4a9-44ff6d87bf9b | Anti androgen use in hea failure is | Carvedilol | Sampatrilat | Spiranolactone | Abiraterone | 2c | single | Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic (water pill) that prevents your body from absorbing too much salt and keeps your potassium levels from getting too low. Spironolactone is used to treat hea failure, high blood pressure (hypeension), or hypokalemia (low potassium levels in the blood). Refer kDT 7/e p 514 | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
d378d0fd-676d-4e50-9952-b279062cbe70 | Which of the following statements about "Simple Random Sampling" is true - | Every element in the population has an equal probability of being included | Sampling is based on similar characteristics | Suitable for large heterogenous population | Complete list of items within the sampling frame is not required | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Every element in the population has an equal probability of being included Features of Simple Random sampling o This is the most basic (simplest) kind of probability sample. o Elements are selected at random from the entire sampling frame without any stratification or segregation of the sampling frame... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
23831db9-e47a-4176-af0c-193bd13b142b | Ramesh 60 years, presents with generalized bone pain. On examination there is elevated ESR of 100 mm, serum globulin 7, lytic lesions in the skull, serum creatinine of 3.5 mg/dL and serum calcium of 11 mg/dL. What is the most likely diagnosis : | Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia | Multiple myeloma | Hyperparathyroidism | Osteomalacia | 1b | single | Answer is B (Multiple myeloma) This is a 60 year patient presenting with generalized bone pain and lytic lesion in skull with blood parameters indicating a markedly raised ESR, Hrnercalcetnia, Hyperglobulinemia and raised serum creatinine. All these suggest a diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Patient Normal Interpretation... | Medicine | null |
34432e82-ef4f-4ae8-aa96-c6071cdf2bfa | Cerebral infarcts at its earliest is detected by | Diffusion weighted MRI | MRI | Contrast enhanced CT | PET scan | 0a | single | Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI or DW-MRI) is the use of specific MRI sequences as well as software that generates images from the resulting data that uses the diffusion of water molecules to generate contrast in MR images The most common application of conventional DWI (without DTI) is in acute brai... | Medicine | C.N.S |
b68ce399-5f18-44fa-b19c-b55bc704bd6e | Apoptosis is regulated by which gene? | p53 | BRAC | N-myc | RB | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., p53 | Pathology | Apoptosis |
5f6649a8-6e58-4a50-b91f-c55c611194f5 | Most common cause of acute superior mesenteric aerial obstruction is: March 2012 | Embolism | Thrombosis | Non occlusive ischemia | Atherosclerosis | 0a | single | Ans: A i.e. Embolism Superior mesenteric aerial obstruction An embolus from the hea or aoa to the superior mesenteric aery is responsible for 40-50% of cases of acute small bowel ischemia Thrombosis of underlying atheromatous disease for approximately 25 % and non-occlusive ischemia due to hypotension complicating myoc... | Medicine | null |
3c297c92-1068-4dfe-98f2-5b424e46c8b8 | Condylomata Lata is seen in - | Congenital syphilis | Primary syphilis | Secondary syphilis | Tertiary syphilis | 2c | single | Ans-C | Unknown | null |
05612097-bf30-422f-b376-00b8da33462a | Which of in following is the least common cause of ARDS | Aspiration | Severe pneumonia with sepsis | shock | All of above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of above Pulmonary edema not originating from hea Causes Severe pneumonia followed by sepsis (MC.) Shock Tissue injury Aspiration Toxin Microthrombi Intravascular coagulation, uremia, raise ICT Increase permeability of alveolar capillarymembrane. Feature Initially symptoms are less & lung clear. L... | Pediatrics | null |
ce199622-3114-4bf6-b328-9c988bb847d1 | Absorption of one of the following can occur without being broken down | Protein | Triglycerides, although this seen only in infants | a-Dextrins | Sucrose | 0a | single | Absorption of undigested protein can occur, especially in infants. This decreases with age. However, adults can still absorb undigested protein. The M cells (microfold cells) overlying the Payer's patches absorb antigens. | ENT | All India exam |
1103cdd8-92d9-4eae-8f9f-2e3d869496ce | Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding drugs in the treatment of Parkinsonism? | Amantadine causes ankle edema | Levodopa is effective in reducing tremors | Amantadine is more effective than levodopa | Anti-muscarinic agents are effective in drug induced Parkinsonism | 2c | multi | Levodopa is very effective in the treatment of Parkinsonism. It initially resolves hypokinesia and rigidity but later on tremors are also reduced. It is more effective than Amantadine. Amantadine is an antiviral drug that can be used in Parkinsonism. Central anticholinergic drugs are the agents of choice for the treatm... | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
1fbfc98a-f744-4f57-8a6e-45cb51c84e27 | Fast muscle fibers are? | Red | Oxidative | Tonic | Glycolytic | 3d | single | Ans. is'd'i.e., Glycolytic(Ref: Principles of medicalphysiolog p. 512)TYPES OF MUSCLE FIBERS:Two fibers types:Type I/red fibersType II/white fibers.Motor unit contains only one muscle fibers type:I.e., All motor unit fibers are either type-I or type II.Hence, named accordingly.CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLE FIBER TYPES:Para... | Physiology | null |
7c6207fd-9fc1-43f5-95b6-f0f15ca8cdc2 | Meyer pedicle graft is used for? | Fracture through neck of the talus | Non-union fracture neck of femur | Fracture through the waist of the scaphoid | Inter-trochanteric fracture femur | 1b | single | Meyer-pedicle graft Used to prevent avascular necrosis and non-union fracture in upper end of femur (neck of femur). In this procedure, Quadratus femoris is taken up and inseed into the head of the femur. Inter-trochanteric of Femur does not result in AVN or non-union. It causes malunion. | Orthopaedics | Osteochondritis and Avascular Necrosis |
f0dd572b-f6c7-4376-9d00-9ad05944577d | If someone goes to a sub-centre as pa of an audit, how many infants should be registered with a health worker working there | 50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 1b | single | Total population centered by sub-centre = 5000 Crude Bih Rate(CBR) India = 20.4 per 1000 Mid-year POPULATION (SRS 2016) So, estimated number of Bihs in a year =20.4/1000x5000 = 102 bihs per year Also, currently Infant moality rate(IMR) India =34 per 1000 live bihs So, expected number of infant deaths in a year in that ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health care of community & international health |
cbe56c29-6471-4a6d-aff0-1e62f650f758 | HLA-B* 1502 is a genetic marker for | Systemic lupus erythematosus | Polyaeritis nodosa | Steven Johnson syndrome | Seronegative spondy-ahritis syndrome | 2c | single | Answer- C. Steven Johnson syndromeInilitiiluals who haw HLA-B* 1502 are more likely to experience a severe disorder called Stevens-Johnson syrdrome in response to carbamazepine. | Medicine | null |
5496fe03-16fe-4d3f-9a32-e3fae6f2028c | In normal adult Vd/Vt ratio is: | 20 | 0.35 | 40 | 50 | 1b | single | B i.e. 0.35Vd = Dead space volume & Vt = Tidal Volume, so Vd/Vt = 150 = 0.3 100Normal value of Vd/Vt in adults = 0.2 - 0.35Q | Physiology | null |
c1606188-26f0-4f39-88ac-8afacc30a66d | Cleft palate repair is ideally done at | 3 months | 1 year | 3-5 years | 6-8 years | 1b | multi | According to bailey and love - It is done between 6 and 18 months | Surgery | Head and neck |
1d58b65b-efa0-4d22-a2e7-e6e1844edadf | In an autosomal Recessive (AR) disorder, one parent is normal and the other is carrier and the child is also affected. What is the reason? | Germline mosaicism | Genomic imprinting | Penetration | Uniparental disomy | 3d | single | If one parent is normal for an autosomal recessive disorder and the other is carrier - No child should be affected. But there is exception to this rule, i.e. uniparental disomy (UPD), when a person receives 2 copies of a chromosome, from one parent and no copies from the other parent. Ex: In Prader-Willi syndrome- mate... | Pediatrics | Types of Genetic Disorders |
fe8b42bf-531c-43f2-89af-7268dafc4c9b | Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma stage T1 is | Radiation therapy | Surgery | Local resection | Chemotherapy | 0a | single | Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for nasopharyngeal cancer. Stage I and II are treated by radiotherapy alone while stage III and IV require concomitant radiation and chemotherapy or radiation followed by chemotherapy. External beam radiation of 6000-7000 cGy can be delivered by the linear accelerator to the prim... | ENT | Pharynx |
6e3ac4aa-9050-40cc-bd0a-5a0b3e1b4f7b | Metaphyseal fracture touching physis but not crossing it, comes under which type of Salter Harris physeal injury? | I | II | III | IV | 1b | single | SALTER HARIS PHYSEAL INJURY : Type 2 (salter and Harris classification for physeal injury-transverse fracture through the hyperophic or calcified zone of plate but towards the edge the fracture detes away from physis and split of triangular metaphyseal segment of bone (Thurston Holland fragment). Type 1 - a transverse ... | Orthopaedics | Pediatric orthopedics |
e6a22b42-3bb1-4bf6-8299-cc1b53f022cb | Trophic ulcers are seen in all, Except: | Leprosy | Syringomyelia | Polio | All of the above (seen in all) | 2c | multi | Answer is C (Polio): Polio is associated with a pure motor neuropathy. There is no sensory involvement in polio and hence trophic ulcers are not seen in polio. | Medicine | null |
dfb379aa-ecd2-4dc8-b7dd-7dd2c4d10084 | In some old fractures, cailaginous tissue forms over the fractured bone ends with a cavity in between containing clear fluid. This condition is called as: | Delayed union | Slow union | Non union | Pseudoahrosis | 3d | multi | D i.e. Pseudoahrosis Pseudoahrosis It is a false joint that may develop after a fracture that has not united properly due to inadequate immobilization.- Inadequate immobilization permits constant movement at the fracture site so that the normal constituents of callus do not form consequently the callus may be composed ... | Surgery | null |
dfaaa0f3-271f-47c5-afda-7b86771b8a77 | Which of the following statement is true ? | Paul Bunnell test is used to diagnose measles | Rose Waaler test is a complement fixation test | Indirect hemagglutination test is less sensitive than gel diffusion test | Antigen antibody reaction cannot occur in the absence of electrolytes | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Antigen Antibody reaction cannot occur in the absence of electrolytes | Microbiology | null |
3baf4026-deca-4b72-9077-ef2608c9b508 | Which one of the following drug is effective in painful tingling sensation due to diabetic neuropathy- | Aspirin | Ibuprofen | Gabapentin | Tramodoi | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Gabapentin Gabapentin is used in neuropathic pain. | Pharmacology | null |
a60d2efc-e690-4aa8-bf81-00073819ff3e | KussmauPs sign is a feature of pericarditis with which of the following? | Cardiac tamponade | Constrictive pericarditis | Restrictive cardiomyopathy | Pericardial effusion | 1b | single | Ans. b (Constrictive pericarditis). (Ref. Harrison, Medicine, 18th/Ch. 239)CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS (THICK, CALCIFIED PERICARDIUM)# Prominent X and Y descent (Freidrich's sign prominent 'Y' descent)# Kussmaul's sign# Low voltage ECG# Electrical alternans# Small RV size# Absent pulsus paradoxus | Medicine | C.V.S. |
d6cdf106-399a-4e86-9e6c-354cc74fdc35 | Trantas spots are seen in: | Biephroconjunctivitis | Vernal conjunctivitis | Phlyctenular conjunctivitis | Herpetic keratitis | 1b | single | Vernal conjunctivitis | Ophthalmology | null |
b377b66a-69d9-482f-95e8-0b6576c14cd6 | A 4-year-old child presents to the emergency depament with high grade fever, respiratory difficulty and noisy breathing. On examination. X ray of his neck is shown below. The most probable diagnosis is? | Recurrent papillomatosis | Croup | Epiglottitis | Tonsillitis | 2c | single | The given clinical picture along with the X-ray shows thumb sign , this finding suggests a diagnosis of Acute Epiglottitis. Thumb sign is a term also used in other conditions: Thumb sign (Marfan disease) (also known as Steinberg sign): a clinical test in which the tip of the thumb is visible medial to the little finger... | Pediatrics | Respiratory infections |
f8d0a4b5-aa45-4f78-887f-140738b19ecb | Treatment for poosystemic encephalopathy is all except | High protein diet | Lactulose | Oral neomycin | Enema | 0a | multi | It most often results from high gut protein or acute metabolic stress (eg, GI bleeding, infection, electrolyte abnormality) in a patient with poosystemic shunting. Symptoms are mainly neuropsychiatric (eg, confusion, asterixis, coma). Diagnosis is based on clinical findings. Ref Davidson edition23rd pg 864 | Medicine | G.I.T |
3d02fb10-b25c-4ee1-9f7a-b741b1560aa4 | Which of the following statements about erythropoietin is FALSE ? | It is used for the treatment of anemia due to chronic renal failure | It results in decrease in reticulocyte count | It decrease the requirement of blood transfusions | It can cause hypeension | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., It results in decrease in reticulocyte count The primary use of epoetin (recombinant human erythropoietin) is anemia of chronic renal failure. o Other uses --> anemia in AIDS patients treated with zidovudin, cancer chemotherapy induced anemia, and preoperative increased blood production for autologous... | Pharmacology | null |
6099df03-6e77-4d06-9ae9-3f03277ccc43 | Breast feeding often | Stimulates FSH | Stimulates LH | Stimulates prolactin initiation | Stop suppression of FSH | 2c | single | Prolactin a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that promotes the growth of breast tissue and stimulates and sustains milk production in postpaum mammals, and shows luteotropic activity in ceain mammals. Called also lactogenic hormone and mammotropin.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th editio... | Physiology | Endocrinology |
cc798ba9-dbec-4be1-9cc2-aeeea6265dcc | Which of the following is anaplerotic reaction: | Conversion of Pyruvate to Lactic acid | Conversion of Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate | Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA | Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetaldehyde | 1b | single | ANAPLEUROTIC reactions reactions which synthesize TCA intermediates. Conversion of pyruvate to Oxaloacetate -most impoant anaplerotic reaction. | Biochemistry | TCA Cycle |
301a2516-159c-4b15-a33d-f58c18fb0a96 | Choose among the following the most impoant lab finding in nephrotic syndrome - | B-J protein | Hyperkalemia | Hypoalbuminemia | Hypeension | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hypoalbuminemia. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by large amounts of proteinuria (>3.5 g per 1.73 m2 body surface area per day, or > 40 mg per square meter body surface area per hour in children), hypoalbuminemia (< 2,5 g/dl), hyperlipidaemia, and edema that begins in the face. Lipiduria (lipids i... | Pediatrics | null |
2adb7d69-d35a-4368-aa58-30d031c39259 | Cu T 380A IUCD should be replaced once in: | 4 years | 6 years | 8 years | 10 years | 3d | single | 10 years | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
f5f02b44-803b-4b17-a8f4-4321be5f43d3 | Which of the following is the principal buffer in interstitial fluid? | Hemoglobin | Other proteins | H2CO3 | H2PO4 | 2c | single | Principal buffers in the body: | Physiology | Concepts in physiology |
8ec4f6d0-3c72-4098-a4d0-dd619597a8f0 | The primary function of Toll like Receptors is? | Vasodilation | Activation of Immune System | Regulation of Calcium channel | Second Messenger | 1b | single | ANSWER: (B) Activation of Immune SystemREF: Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology 11th ed chapter 2In the late 1990s and early 2000s, researchers identified mammalian analogs of the Drosophila Toll receptor, cloned the mammalian Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), identified TLR4 as the receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the ... | Pathology | Cells and Tissues of Immune System |
756443b5-fe79-4cd0-8a9f-1ef989141080 | Substance utilized for barium meal follow through study: September 2011 | Barium carbonate | Barium sulphate | Barium oxide | Barium hydroxide | 1b | single | Ans. B: Barium sulphate Since there is no natural contrast in the alimentary tract, its radiographic demonstration required the use of aificial contrast medium Barium sulphate, through which X-rays can not pass, is the contrast universally employed in performing alimentary tract studies | Radiology | null |
a21aabbe-673f-4f4b-8238-bef40c317942 | Most common symptom of ectopic pregnancy NOT RELATED - GYN | Bleeding | Pain | Aboion | Infection | 1b | single | Ectopic pregnancy is characterised by the triad of amenorrhoea, pain and BPV of which the most common symptom is pain. The diagnosis is based on clinical features and ultrasound, though laparoscopy is the gold standard. When diagnosis is in doubt serial estimation of HCG is done over 48 hrs. A rise < 66% is s/o ectropi... | Pharmacology | All India exam |
6cdc59ab-8c6e-4383-9be5-58c20432f805 | Migratory thrombophelibitis is seen in - | Dissaminated cancer | Rheumatic hea disease | Libman - sacks endocarditis | All of the above | 0a | multi | Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease South Asia edition. migratory thrombophlebitis ( Rousseau syndrom) encountered in association with deep seated cancers most often carcinoma of the pancrpancreas or lung.. | Pathology | General pathology |
9e2238ee-edf5-4281-bdaf-5f28f3dbd557 | Most important investigation for posterior urethral valve is – | Urethroscopy | IVP | Retrograde cystogram | Micturating cystogram (MCU) | 3d | single | Micturating cystourethrogram (MCU) provides the radiological basis for the diagnosis of posterior urethral valve. | Radiology | null |
01c76cc9-44a5-47c4-934f-31b672b30f79 | The commonest cancer of oral cavity is | Adenocarcinoma | Melanoma | Sarcoma | Squaous cell carcinoma | 3d | single | Ans. (d) Squamous cell carcinomaRef: Devita 9th edition, page 729* Most common site oral Cancer: Carcinoma Tongue > Carcinoma Lip* Most common histological type: Squamous Cell Cancer* Most common site of oral Cancer in India: Cancer of Buccal Mucosa* Max Risk of L.N. Metastasis: Carcinoma Tongue* Min Risk of L.N Metast... | Surgery | Oral Cavity |
40680abf-584e-4c47-b2eb-abf250c92111 | All of the following drugs are useful in destrussor instability EXCEPT: | Solefenacin | Tolterodine | Flavoxate | Duloxetine | 3d | multi | Ref:KD Tripathi pharmacology 7th edition (page.no: 117,118, 462) Vesicoselective drugs are used for detrusor instability resulting in urinary frequency and urge incontinence. It selectively blocks M1/M3 subtypes. Example are Oxybutynin, Tolterodine, Flavoxate, Darifenacin, Drotaverine, Solifenacin. Duloxetine is an SNR... | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system |
a3323d52-99fe-4e2e-82ed-4ed86c8baeb5 | Following condition is most likely seen in which of the following condition: | Hypothyroid | Acromegaly | Cushing syndrome | Grave Disease | 0a | single | Ans. A. HypothyroidThe image showing loss of lateral l/3rd eyebrows or lateral madarosis. This is seen in many conditions:a. Leprosyb. Syphilisc. Hypothyroidismd. Blepharitise. Dermatitisf. Fungal Infectionsg. Drug Therapiesh. Autoimmune diseases | Medicine | Endocrinology |
954f3b7a-270a-4698-8bb4-38cd6188370b | Degree of mental disability of a child (low IQ), who is able to speak well enough for most communication needs, is classified as: | Moderate | Mild | Severe | Profound | 1b | single | Classification of Intellectual Disability | Dental | null |
6e2bd1fd-ad6f-4c42-8551-7294c3240dae | A patient presented with episodes of flushing and hypotension. His urinary 5HIAA levels were found to be increased. The diagnosis is | Pheochromocytoma | Carcinoid syndrome | Addison's disease | SIADH | 1b | single | (B) Carcinoid syndrome # Carcinoid syndrome-Clinical findings include:> Flushing of the skin> Diarrhea and abdominal cramps> Right sided heart disease> Bronchoconstriction> Abdominal pain due to desmoplastic reaction of the mesentery in most patients, increased urinary excretion of 5-HIAA (5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid),... | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
1c3d5617-2e2d-4071-b693-6a2b1d7bb1c3 | Black piedra is caused by ? | Piedraia hoae | Trichosporon asahi | Trichosporon ovoides | Trichosporon inkin | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Piedraia hoae Piedra is an asymptomatic superficial fungal infection of the hair shaft also known as trichomycosis nodu- laris. Black piedra is caused by Piedraia hoae, whereas white piedra is caused by pathogenic species of the Trichosporon genus, namely Trichosporon asahii, Trichosporon ovoides, Tri... | Skin | null |
928c6efd-d481-4323-83f0-721dae436451 | Cholinomimetic is not used in which of the following? | Bradycardia | Glaucoma | Myasthenia gravis | Post-surgical atony or ileus | 0a | single | Ans. a. BradycardiaCholinomimetic is used for open-angle glaucoma, cobra bite, and myasthenia gravis but not in bradycardia. Uses of CholinomimeticDiseases of eye Glaucoma and accommodative esotropiaAtropine overdosesGastrointestinal and urinary tract Alzheimer's diseasePostoperative atony, neurogenic bladderCobra bite... | Pharmacology | null |
0f9181be-b116-48b7-86d4-350d2ee9f2f9 | Which of the following inhalation anaesthetics should be avoided in middle ear surgery | Halothane | Nitrous oxide | Ether | Isoflurane | 1b | single | Nitrous oxide | Anaesthesia | null |
fa4a447b-5dd6-4539-8372-81540ddeb191 | Coagulation defect involving both the arterial and venous system is seen in | Factor V Leiden | Protein C deficiency | Antithrombin III deficiency | Hyperhomocystinemia | 3d | multi | Ans. d (Hyperhomocystenimia) (Ref. H-17th/367; Table 59-3)Homocystinuria reflects homocystlnemia which is associated with ectopia lentis, mental retardation and throm- boembolic disorders as well as arteriosclerosis. There are three enzyme deficiencies known to cause the disorder as well as deficiencies of the cofactor... | Medicine | Blood |
aea412cd-eaa8-47f2-83a0-2e79b5529336 | Malaria parasites - | Has man as its intermediate host | Has a life cycle that alternates between man and tse-tse fly | Has 4 impoant species in man | Can be easily cultured in the laboratory | 0a | single | Intermediate host-man Definitive host-mosquito Asexual development-man Sexual development-mosquito Sporozoite infective form.Sporozoites are present in the salivary gland of the mosquito .Man gets infection by the bite of female anopheles mosquito (refer pgno:55 baveja 3 rd edition) | Microbiology | parasitology |
353fcb52-1910-48ef-9218-6c88a387a8c4 | In which one of the following femoral fractures is Avascular necrosis common? | Perochanteric | Transcervical | Sub-Trochanteric | Shaft of femur | 1b | single | B i.e. Trans cervical | Surgery | null |
7482cee9-6231-4abd-b619-7a85c44f49be | Most common visceral aery aneurysm is: | Hepatic aery | Splenic aery | Gastric aery | None of the above | 1b | multi | Although splenic aery aneurysm is rare, it is the most common visceral aery aneurysm. Ref: Schwaz's principle of surgery 9th edition, chapter 34. | Surgery | null |
4ea54f37-90c3-44c3-a924-5c0b2beeff51 | False about cystic fibrosis - | Associated with CFTR gene | Autosomal recessive inheritance | Associated with 7p chromosome | Recurrent respiratory tract infection | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Associated with 7p chromosome | Pathology | null |
004c2a81-0c29-43de-9681-765b85b731c4 | Rosette shaped catraract is seen in | Infection | Diabetes | Syphilis | Trauma | 3d | single | Rosette cataract is most typical form of concussion cataract. | Ophthalmology | null |
dcee52b0-70c5-4afd-92fe-99c589244816 | Main extensor of knee: | Gastrocnemius | Quadriceps femoris | Hamstrings | Peroneal muscles | 1b | single | Ans. (b) Quadriceps femorisRef : Maheshwari 5th ed. /145* Quadriceps is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It is the great extensor muscle of the knee. It is subdivided into four separate portions or 'heads', which have received distinctive names: Rectus femoris oc... | Orthopaedics | Injuries Around the Thigh & Knee |
40999861-2dcd-4ff3-89e5-c5328ac7faea | Minimum angle of resolution when visual acuity is 6/6 | 1 min of arc | 5 min of arc | 10 min of arc | 15 min of arc | 0a | single | Answer-A. 1 min of arcVisual acuity is the first test performed after taking history.Measurement of the central visual acuity is essentially an assessment of function of the fovea centralis.An object must be presented so that each poion of it is separated by a difinite interval, known as minimum angle of resolution (MA... | Ophthalmology | null |
4123ffcc-6830-456b-8b4e-669fac15fae4 | Palpatory thud, an audible snap is seen in | Tracheal foreign body | Bronchial foreign body | Laryngeal foreign body | Foreign body in ear | 0a | single | A foreign body in trachea may move up and down the trachea between the carnia and the undersurface of vocal cords causing "audible slap" and "palpatory thud&;.Symptoms and signs of foreign bodies at different levelsSite of foreign bodiesSymptoms and signsLarynxChoking, Cyanosis, Complete obstruction leading to death* P... | ENT | Larynx |
69262648-a472-47cd-b4b9-714e4912acb2 | What is the procedure for registering a case as medicolegal in other developed countries and role of doctor in police intimation? | Procedure formalities | head injury | neck injury | All of the Above | 3d | multi | definition of medico-legal case in other countries and procedural formalities, responsibilities of a treating doctor in MLC cases like- Injury, poisoning etc | Forensic Medicine | null |
c957e481-39ce-4300-a19f-58e1d47f5f87 | Drug used in unstable angina to prevent Myocardial infarction is | Aspirin | GTN | Amlodipine | Fasudil | 0a | single | Aspirin is an antiplatelet agent used mostly in unstable angina to prevent MI. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed. | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
7870e5f8-8bc4-4913-917c-1f6c0a1de0c0 | Use of combined pill is contraindicated in women with any of the following conditions except - | Lactation | Diabetes | Thromboembolism | Tuberculosis | 3d | multi | Contraindications for use of combined Oral contraceptive pills (OCP'S) Absolute contraindications Relative contraindications Breast cancer Genital cancer Liver cancer History of thromboembolism Cardiac abnormalities Congenital abnormalities Congenital hyperlipidemia Undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding Pregnancy Age >... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Non communicable diseases |
aa60491b-e79e-42b0-9914-13edfff3ea04 | A 19-year-old patient presents to your office with primary amenorrhea. She has normal breast and pubic hair development, but the uterus and vagina are absent. Diagnostic possibilities include | XYY syndrome | Gonadal dysgenesis | Mullerian agenesis | Klinefelter syndrome | 2c | single | Since this patient has other signs of pubertal development which are sex steroid-dependent, we can conclude some ovarian function is present. This excludes such conditions as gonadal dysgenesis and hypothalamic-pituitary failure as possible causes of her primary amenorrhea. Mullerian defects are the only plausible caus... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Physiology & Histology |
8f3a9fcd-c450-4953-9917-ef7e6bd010af | True regarding arbovirus is all except - | KFD is transmitted by Tick | Dengue virus has one Serotype | Yellow fever is not seen in India | Dengue fever is transmitted by Aedes | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Dengue virus has one Serotype o KFD is mainly transmitted by Hard tick, but soft tick can also transmit the disease.o Dengue virus has four serotypes.o Yellow fever is not endemic in India, it is distributed in Africa and South America.o Dengue fever is transmitted by Aedes mosquito. | Microbiology | Arboviruses |
e903c6f5-f0d3-49f3-849d-b38692e23a37 | normal value of which of these parameter is specific in ruling out malnutrition | total body water | normal skin fold thickness | normal lean body mass | normal BMI | 2c | single | Parameters specific in ruling out Malnutrition LOSS OF LEAN BODY MASS MUSCLE WEAKNESS DEVELOPMENTAL OR INTELLECTUAL DELAY INFECTIONS IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION DELAYED WOUND HEALING PROLONGED HOSPITAL STAY REF : OP GHAI 9TH ED | Pediatrics | All India exam |
10f75377-557b-42cf-a82f-863cddcf0f1a | Mumps most commonly affects the: March 2004 | Parotid gland | Submandibular gland | Sublingual gland | Lacrimal gland | 0a | single | Ans. A i.e. Parotid gland | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
cd94f630-08a0-46e1-ac23-eb81afa15706 | Scheuermann's disease is: | Osteochondritis of calcaneum | Osteochondritis of navicular | Verteral Osteochondritis | Osteochondritis of scaphoid | 2c | single | Ans. C. Verteral Osteochondritis. (Ref. Fundamentals of Pediatric Orthopedics /pg. 17).Scheuermann's disease refers to osteochondrosis of the secondary ossification centers of the vertebral bodies. The lower dorsal and upper lumbar vertebrae are involved initially. The process may be limited to several bodies or may in... | Orthopaedics | Avascular Necrosis & Osteochondroses |
41495777-2894-4317-b625-a955be5396d1 | Japanese encephalitis vaccine is: | Live attenuated | Inactivated toxoid | Cellular fractions | Combined | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Live attenuatedRef : K. Park 23rd ed. / 286-87* JE vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine. It is available in killed vaccine form also.* Strain: SA 14-14-2- liveNakayama strain- killed* One dose of JE vaccine is given at 16-24 months of age.Also Know* MC live vaccine used: BCG* MC killed vaccine used: Pertusis* ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Principles of Immunization and Vaccination |
6011fa5d-3244-4ffd-a62f-4ea97121b238 | a-synuclein, a lipid-binding protein, is a major component of | Lewy bodies | Amyloid | Tau protein | Neurofibrillary tangles | 0a | single | a-synuclein, an abundant lipid-binding protein normally associated with synapses. This protein was then demonstrated to be a major component of the Lewy body, which is the diagnostic hallmark of Parkinson diseaseRobbins pathology9e pg: 1294 | Pathology | Musculoskeletal system |
3a0e057b-4993-4a9a-944b-e131d867518e | Eyebrows don't grow beyond ceain length as they have a sho- | Anagen phase | Telogen phase | Catagen phase | Exogen phase | 0a | single | Eyebrow hair do not have long anagen phase Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1236 | Dental | Anatomy of skin |
5a4353a8-38b1-45d5-9e13-9987e8187165 | Janani suraksha yojana (JSY) was launched in: | 2003 | 2005 | 2007 | 2008 | 1b | single | JSY was launched on 12th April, 2005. JSY is a 100% centrally sponsored scheme. Ref: National Health Programmes in India, J.Kishore, 10th edition pg: 114 | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
b7289445-e3bd-4782-baf8-e69dacf1accb | Therapeutic drug monitoring is done for; | Phenytoin | Heparin | Aspirin | Metformin | 0a | single | Therapeutic drug monitoring is adjustment of dose of the drug according to its plasma concentration. It is required for A Aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin) Drug Digitalis Possessing Phenytoin (anti-epileptics) Low Lithium Therapeutic Tricyclic antidepressants Index Immunomodulators (e.g. cyclosporine) Criteria for doin... | Pharmacology | FMGE 2019 |
02868f21-a5fa-4924-93ae-ca658adcb21f | Positive nitrogen balance is seen in ? | Trauma | Burns | Pregnancy | Stress | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Pregnancy The normal healthy adult is in "nitrogen balance or equilibrium". That is the amount of nitrogen ingested in the diet over a given period of time is equals that excreted in the urine and feces as excretory products.Positive nitrogen balance means amount of nitrogen taken in and retained exce... | Biochemistry | null |
10eb7b46-7593-4873-8b02-197ad01a240b | Pringle's Maneuver is used to stop the bleeding from | Liver | Spleen | Kidneys | Flail chest | 0a | single | Pringle maneuver is soft clamping hepatic artery and portal
vein at the point of entry. It is done for liver trauma patients. | Surgery | null |
5db16a02-8946-472f-a305-562227d952bb | True about acute rheumatic fever is | Aoic valve is most commonly involved | Chorea is late manifestation | Carditis is most common presentation | All patients have recurrent episode of streptococcal pharyngitis in past | 1b | multi | Chorea is a late manifestation of RHD. Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition ,p.no:436 | Pediatrics | C.V.S |
ec1f5df6-63df-4f69-835e-0cb8852b0501 | About Pneumocystis pneumonia the true statement is: | The causative organism is a protozoan | Drug of choice is Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Cotrimoxazole) | Most common radiological appearance is a bat wing distribution of infiltrates with pneumocysts in peripheral fields | Steroids have no role in the therapy of Pneumocystis pneumonia | 1b | multi | Pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungus responding to Cotrimoxazole. It causes opportunistic pneumonia in patients with HIV infection.
The most common radiology finding is a normal X-ray chest. However, the most typical X-ray is a bat wing distribution of infiltrates with pneumocysts in peripheral fields.
Steroids are c... | Medicine | null |
21feb3ee-833b-4ca1-8469-ec13c55287c8 | Labyrinthine artery is a branch of- | Internal carotid artery | Basilar artery | Posterior cerebellar artery | Anterior inferior cerebellar artery | 3d | single | Labyrinthine artery is a branch of anteroinferior cerebellar artery but can sometimes arise from basilar artery.
It supplies whole of the inner ear. | ENT | null |
124f34d5-a898-4fc4-9d88-2ca022a6277a | Which of the following tests are used in the evaluation of a suspected CSF leak? | Beta 2 microglobulin | Beta 2 transferrin | Tyroglobulin | Transthyretin | 1b | single | Detection of beta-2 transferrin is considered pa of standard evaluation when CSF leak is suspected. Nasal and ear fluids are tested for detection of the beta-2 transferrin band by immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) or Western blot analysis as a diagnostic tool for the presence of CSF or perilymph. This test is helpfu... | Unknown | null |
7abf2236-ecf7-45b4-bb29-6aa0237666a2 | Which of the following are antigen-presenting cells? | Neutrophils | T-lymphocytes | Macrophages | Plasma cells | 2c | single | Neutrophils are one of the primary defense cells of the innate immune system. T-lymphocytes are important activators of the specific (adaptive) immune system. Macrophages are antigen presenting cells. Plasma cells produce antibodies. | Dental | null |
5054dc6d-3784-40b8-ae56-333425c3bac0 | Universal (standard) precautions to be observed by surgeons for the prevention of hospital acquire HIV infection include the following except- | Wearing gloves and other barrier precaution | Washing hands on contamination | Handling sharp instruments with care | Pre-operative screening of all patients of HIV | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Pre-operative screening of all patient of HIV | Surgery | null |
5712bffb-5574-4421-a9b7-a66bb113d6d2 | All of the following are causes of 'propoionate sho stature' EXCEPT? | Turner syndrome | Down syndrome | Osteogenesis imperfecta | Chronic kidney disease | 2c | multi | Osteogenesis imperfecta is one of the causes of dispropoionate sho stature, where the limbs are mainly involved, as compared to trunk. Osteogenesis imperfecta: MC cause of multiple fractures in childhood. Autosomal dominant Defected type 1 collagen. C/F: Bone shape- not maintained. Deformed bones, fractures in differen... | Pediatrics | Sho Stature |
30fbae39-a8f0-4dea-a411-391443e775b5 | Most common complication of extra capsular fracture of neck of femur is: | Non union | Ischemic necrosis | Malunion | Pulmonary complications | 2c | single | Extra-capsular (inter-trochanteric) fracture is more common than intra-capsular. Most common complication of Extra-capsular fracture of neck of femur of neck is mal-union. In Intra-capsular (neck of femur fracture), the most common complication is avascular necrosis > non-union. | Orthopaedics | FMGE 2018 |
bdb73bcd-127b-42ad-8388-668c96e10eec | All are true for conversion reaction Except | Seondary gain | Onset inlate age | Patient does not consciously produce symptoms | Relation with stress | 1b | multi | B i.e. Onset in late age | Psychiatry | null |
06cc1ea4-82fd-48b3-a274-546257b04beb | All the following are criteria to say substance dependence except | Tolerance | Withdrawal symptoms | Unable to quit the drug | Use of illegal substances | 3d | multi | Usage of illegal drugs doesn't come under substance dependence as per WHO definition. Remaining 3 options make up the definition Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 326 | Psychiatry | Substance abuse |
f4b2820a-1ab4-4691-a76b-0466bed3e8ff | Intracranial calcification in skull X- ray may be: | Pineal calcification | Duralcalfication | Cysticercosis | All of these | 3d | multi | d) all of these ref: Chapman 4th/e p.428-429 | Radiology | Nervous System |
179d2679-9dea-433c-af42-5921cc2321bc | A 8 year old male had non blanching rashes over the shin and swelling of knee joint with haematuria+++ and protein +. Microscopic analysis of his renal biopsy specimen is most likely to show | Tubular necrosis | Visceral podocyte fusion | Mesangial deposits of IgA | Basement membrane thickening | 2c | single | Probable diagnosis is Henoch-Schonlein purpura . Henoch-Schonlein purpura is a small-vessel vasculitis caused by immune complex deposition following an infectious trigger. It is predominantly a disease of children and young adults. The usual presentation is with purpura over the buttocks and lower legs, accompanied by ... | Medicine | Immune system |
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