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630
Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/ Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel 2009-10-07 DOI:10.1371/journal....
What is the main cause of HIV-1 infection in children?
262
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the main cause of HIV-1 infection in children worldwide.
370
630
Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/ Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel 2009-10-07 DOI:10.1371/journal....
What plays the crucial role in the Mother to Child Transmission of HIV-1 and what increases the risk
276
DC-SIGNR plays a crucial role in MTCT of HIV-1 and that impaired placental DC-SIGNR expression increases risk of transmission.
2,003
630
Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/ Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel 2009-10-07 DOI:10.1371/journal....
How many children were infected by HIV-1 in 2008-2009, worldwide?
278
more than 400,000 children were infected worldwide, mostly through MTCT and 90% of them lived in sub-Saharan Africa.
2,291
630
Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/ Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel 2009-10-07 DOI:10.1371/journal....
What is the role of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 Like 1 (CCL3L1) in mother to child transmission of HIV-1?
316
High copy numbers of CCL3L1, a potent HIV-1 suppressive ligand for CCR5, are associated with higher chemokine production and lower risk of MTCT of HIV-1 among South African infants
28,143
630
Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/ Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel 2009-10-07 DOI:10.1371/journal....
What is DC-GENR and where is it expressed?
305
Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin-related (DC-SIGNR, also known as CD209L or liver/lymph node-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin (L-SIGN)) can interact with a plethora of pathogens including HIV-1 and is expressed in placental capillary endothelial cells
3,207
630
Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/ Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel 2009-10-07 DOI:10.1371/journal....
How does the presence of DC-SIGNR affect the MTCT of HIV-1?
306
the presence of DC-SIGNR at the placental endothelial cell surface may protect infants from HIV-1 infection by capturing virus and promoting its degradation/presentation.
28,910
630
Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/ Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel 2009-10-07 DOI:10.1371/journal....
Why do low levels of DC-SIGNR enhance Mother to Child Transmission of HIV-1?
307
in placenta containing low levels of DC-SIGNR, HIV-1 would preferentially binds CCR5 on endothelial cells resulting in a loss of placental barrier integrity and enhanced passage of maternal HIV-1-infected cells in foetal circulation leading to MTCT of HIV-1
29,090
630
Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/ Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel 2009-10-07 DOI:10.1371/journal....
What is the percentage of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV-1, when there is no intervention?
277
Without specific interventions, the rate of HIV-1 mother-tochild transmission (MTCT) is approximately 15-45%
2,137
630
Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/ Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel 2009-10-07 DOI:10.1371/journal....
Does C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) affect the transmission of HIV-1?
312
Genetic variants in CCR5 have been shown to influence vertical transmission of HIV-1. CCR5 promoter variants resulting in higher expression of the receptor were associated with increased risk of MTCT of HIV-1 among sub-Saharan Africans
27,719
630
Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/ Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel 2009-10-07 DOI:10.1371/journal....
How does Mannanose Binding Lectin (MBL) affect elimination of HIV-1 pathogen?
318
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an innate immune receptor synthesised in the liver and secreted in the bloodstream in response to inflammation signal. MBL promotes pathogen elimination by opsonization and phagocytosis,
28,335
630
Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/ Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel 2009-10-07 DOI:10.1371/journal....
How can CCR5's effect in HIV-1 transmission be reduced?
321
The 32-pb deletion polymorphism in CCR5 has be shown to protect from vertical transmission of HIV-1
27,966
650
Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/ Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto 2013-09-18 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831 License:cc-by...
What is IFITM?
568
interferon-induced transmembrane
353
650
Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/ Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto 2013-09-18 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831 License:cc-by...
How many cysteine residues are contained in the first transmembrane domain of IFITM3?
569
three
701
650
Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/ Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto 2013-09-18 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831 License:cc-by...
What inhibits S-palmitoylation?
570
2-bromopalmitic acid (2BP)
1,509
650
Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/ Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto 2013-09-18 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831 License:cc-by...
What interaction is inhibited by the presence of 2-bromopalmitic acid (2BP)?
571
IFITM5 with FKBP11
1,807
650
Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/ Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto 2013-09-18 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831 License:cc-by...
What is a function associated with IFITM5?
572
bone formation factor.
2,195
650
Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/ Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto 2013-09-18 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831 License:cc-by...
What regulates the antiviral activity of IFITM3?
573
S-palmitoylation on the protein
3,574
650
Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/ Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto 2013-09-18 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831 License:cc-by...
What is another name for IFITM5?
574
bonerestricted IFITM-like (BRIL) protein
6,107
650
Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/ Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto 2013-09-18 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831 License:cc-by...
Why is the expression of IFITM5 not promoted by interferons?
575
the region upstream of the ifitm5 gene lacks the interferon regulatory elements
6,335
650
Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/ Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto 2013-09-18 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831 License:cc-by...
What is the amino acid similarity between IFITM5 and the other IFITM proteins?
576
~ 65% similarity
6,693
650
Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/ Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto 2013-09-18 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831 License:cc-by...
What is the amino acid similarity between IFITM 1, IFITM 2, and IFITM 3?
577
~ 85% similarity
6,742
650
Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/ Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto 2013-09-18 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831 License:cc-by...
What amino acid might be involved in calcium binding in the C-terminal region of a protein?
580
aspartate
6,817
1,546
First Complete Genome Sequence of a French Bovine coronavirus Strain https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5477389/ SHA: eef0ecf5b8e7b179dadaef967e65f2ab68f021e1 Authors: Kin, Nathalie; Guerard, Pauline; Diancourt, Laure; Caro, Valérie; Vabret, Astrid; Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg Date: 2017-05-25 DOI: 10.1128/genomea...
What is the size of bovine coronavirus?
917
31 kb
840
1,546
First Complete Genome Sequence of a French Bovine coronavirus Strain https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5477389/ SHA: eef0ecf5b8e7b179dadaef967e65f2ab68f021e1 Authors: Kin, Nathalie; Guerard, Pauline; Diancourt, Laure; Caro, Valérie; Vabret, Astrid; Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg Date: 2017-05-25 DOI: 10.1128/genomea...
What is the molecular structure of bovine coronavirus?
918
single-stranded, linear, and nonsegmented RNA
784
1,546
First Complete Genome Sequence of a French Bovine coronavirus Strain https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5477389/ SHA: eef0ecf5b8e7b179dadaef967e65f2ab68f021e1 Authors: Kin, Nathalie; Guerard, Pauline; Diancourt, Laure; Caro, Valérie; Vabret, Astrid; Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg Date: 2017-05-25 DOI: 10.1128/genomea...
How many nucleotides does bovine coronavirus contain?
919
30,847 nucleotides
1,873
1,546
First Complete Genome Sequence of a French Bovine coronavirus Strain https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5477389/ SHA: eef0ecf5b8e7b179dadaef967e65f2ab68f021e1 Authors: Kin, Nathalie; Guerard, Pauline; Diancourt, Laure; Caro, Valérie; Vabret, Astrid; Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg Date: 2017-05-25 DOI: 10.1128/genomea...
What is the size of the orf1ab gene in bovine coronavirus?
920
20kb
2,034
1,546
First Complete Genome Sequence of a French Bovine coronavirus Strain https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5477389/ SHA: eef0ecf5b8e7b179dadaef967e65f2ab68f021e1 Authors: Kin, Nathalie; Guerard, Pauline; Diancourt, Laure; Caro, Valérie; Vabret, Astrid; Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg Date: 2017-05-25 DOI: 10.1128/genomea...
Is the orf1ab gene at the 3' or 5' end of the bovine coronavirus genome?
921
5= side
2,067
1,545
Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/ SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14 Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;...
What is a significant cause of Influenze like illness among healthy adolescents and adults presenting for medical evaluation?
1,658
HCoV
5,069
1,545
Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/ SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14 Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;...
What is the most common species of Human Coronavirus among adults?
1,659
HCoV-OC43
3,997
1,545
Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/ SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14 Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;...
Which Human Coronavirus showed species specific clinical characteristics of its infection?
1,660
HCoV‐HKU1
956
1,545
Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/ SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14 Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;...
What causes the outbreak of SARS and MERS.
1,717
Highly virulent species of HCoV
1,276
1,545
Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/ SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14 Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;...
What is the case fatality rate of SARS and MERS?
1,718
ranged from 14% to 45%
1,448
1,545
Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/ SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14 Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;...
What were the common HCOV strains in the 5 year USA study?
1,719
HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E
4,100
1,545
Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/ SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14 Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;...
Which species are more prevalent but less severe?
1,720
HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-229E
1,517
1,552
One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/ SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658 Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C Date: 2013-01-11 DOI:...
What is required for a Hepatitis B infection in cells?
2,996
both intracellular and cell-surface factors
1,158
1,552
One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/ SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658 Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C Date: 2013-01-11 DOI:...
What regulates the broad, but less specific, virus-cell interaction in a hepatitis B infection?
2,997
heparan sulfates in the membrane proteins
1,727
1,552
One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/ SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658 Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C Date: 2013-01-11 DOI:...
Which protein domain of the Hepatitis B envelope is necessary for infection?
2,998
Nterminus of HBV preS1 (amino acids 1-47)
2,168
1,552
One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/ SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658 Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C Date: 2013-01-11 DOI:...
Where is NTCP located in the body?
2,999
lateral surface (canalicular) of hepatocytes
4,322
1,552
One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/ SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658 Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C Date: 2013-01-11 DOI:...
What does the NTCP protein mediate?
3,000
bile acid transport
4,383
1,552
One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/ SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658 Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C Date: 2013-01-11 DOI:...
Is NTCP sufficient to allow HBV infection?
3,001
not sufficient
5,012
1,552
One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/ SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658 Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C Date: 2013-01-11 DOI:...
Why is NTCP thought to not be sufficient for HBV infection?
3,002
the majority of HepaRG cells were found to express NPCT but not to be infected
5,054
1,553
Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/ SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122 Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu...
What kinds of viruses are Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV), tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV), eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), sindbis virus(SV), and dengue virus(DV)?
3,003
arboviruses
1,906
1,553
Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/ SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122 Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu...
What are the current clinically-available methods to detect encephalitis viral antigens?
3,004
ELISA and IFA
2,177
1,553
Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/ SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122 Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu...
What methods exist for detecting multiple antigens simultaneously in a one-sample, laboratory test?
3,005
two-dimensional gel electrophoresis , protein chip, mass spectrometry, and suspension array technology
2,474
1,553
Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/ SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122 Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu...
How many antigens could be detected by Liew's multiplex ELISA test?
3,006
9
2,923
1,553
Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/ SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122 Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu...
What kind of antibodies were used in the ELISA-array assay?
3,007
monoclonal
3,480
1,553
Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/ SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122 Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu...
How was the ELISA assay validated?
3,008
using cultured viruses and inoculated chicken eggs with patient sera
3,618
1,553
Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/ SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122 Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu...
What capture antibodies were used in the study?
3,009
4D5, 2B5, 1F1, 2B8, 4F9, and 4E11
4,365
1,553
Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/ SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122 Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu...
What was the spotting concentration range for the capture antibodies?
3,010
from 0.2 to 0.0125 mg/ml
9,091
1,553
Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/ SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122 Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu...
How was the proper spotting concentration determined?
3,011
combination of minimized cross reaction and higher signal intensity
9,317
1,553
Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/ SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122 Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu...
How was cross reaction detection determined?
3,012
by applying JEV, YF, and DV cultures
9,606
1,553
Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/ SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122 Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu...
How was the ELISA-array assay validated?
3,013
using cultured viruses and inoculated chicken eggs with patient sera
3,618
1,565
Design, Synthesis, Evaluation and Thermodynamics of 1-Substituted Pyridylimidazo[1,5-a]Pyridine Derivatives as Cysteine Protease Inhibitors https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3734177/ SHA: ee8483f8f2cc5fe38be4e565eae3af9d0bb8220b Authors: Khan, Mohd Sajid; Baig, Mohd Hassan; Ahmad, Saheem; Siddiqui, Shapi ...
What enzymes have been reported to be linked with severity of infection and various pathological conditions caused by microorganisms?
3,041
cysteine proteases
2,276
1,565
Design, Synthesis, Evaluation and Thermodynamics of 1-Substituted Pyridylimidazo[1,5-a]Pyridine Derivatives as Cysteine Protease Inhibitors https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3734177/ SHA: ee8483f8f2cc5fe38be4e565eae3af9d0bb8220b Authors: Khan, Mohd Sajid; Baig, Mohd Hassan; Ahmad, Saheem; Siddiqui, Shapi ...
At what temperatures was the assay completed?
3,042
32uC, 37uC, 42uC
9,753
1,565
Design, Synthesis, Evaluation and Thermodynamics of 1-Substituted Pyridylimidazo[1,5-a]Pyridine Derivatives as Cysteine Protease Inhibitors https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3734177/ SHA: ee8483f8f2cc5fe38be4e565eae3af9d0bb8220b Authors: Khan, Mohd Sajid; Baig, Mohd Hassan; Ahmad, Saheem; Siddiqui, Shapi ...
What criteria sets the guideline for drug-like properties?
3,043
Lipinski's ''Rule of five''
6,881
1,565
Design, Synthesis, Evaluation and Thermodynamics of 1-Substituted Pyridylimidazo[1,5-a]Pyridine Derivatives as Cysteine Protease Inhibitors https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3734177/ SHA: ee8483f8f2cc5fe38be4e565eae3af9d0bb8220b Authors: Khan, Mohd Sajid; Baig, Mohd Hassan; Ahmad, Saheem; Siddiqui, Shapi ...
What could be novel candidates as potent inhibitors of papain like cysteine proteases in resistant microorganisms?
3,044
1-substituted pyridylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives
22,962
641
RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/ Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro 2013-02-06 DOI:10.3390/ph6020223 License:cc-by Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions...
What method is useful in administering small molecules for systemic delivery to the body?
1,612
Intranasal
3,238
641
RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/ Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro 2013-02-06 DOI:10.3390/ph6020223 License:cc-by Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions...
Why is the nasal mucosa useful in the delivery of small molecules into the body?
1,615
the surface area can result in rapid absorption of the medication into the blood
3,446
641
RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/ Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro 2013-02-06 DOI:10.3390/ph6020223 License:cc-by Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions...
What are the most common methods of inhaled delivery of medications?
1,616
Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs)
4,624
641
RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/ Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro 2013-02-06 DOI:10.3390/ph6020223 License:cc-by Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions...
What medications have shown good promise to in vivo delivery via dry powder inhalers?
1,617
insulin [39] and low-molecular-weight heparin [40]
5,473
641
RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/ Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro 2013-02-06 DOI:10.3390/ph6020223 License:cc-by Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions...
How are siRNAs typically delivered for systemic effect?
1,618
intratracheal or intranasal delivery
5,840
641
RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/ Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro 2013-02-06 DOI:10.3390/ph6020223 License:cc-by Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions...
What structures form the human airway?
1,619
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs
6,995
641
RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/ Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro 2013-02-06 DOI:10.3390/ph6020223 License:cc-by Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions...
What size of particle has been shown to be most effective in the delivery to the lower airway?
1,620
1-5 μm
7,557
641
RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/ Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro 2013-02-06 DOI:10.3390/ph6020223 License:cc-by Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions...
What are the essential conditions in siRNA delivery to effectively produce gene silencing in the lungs?
1,621
delivered to their site of action, be stable, enter the target cells, and be present in the cytoplasm at sufficient concentration
10,025
1,547
Complete Genome Sequence of a Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain Isolated in China https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3795213/ SHA: f2df4fc3c60338755fd23da3d7e01c0455e20745 Authors: Yang, Jing-tian; Ma, Bing-cun Date: 2013-10-10 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00815-13 License: cc-by Abstract: Infec...
How long is the SAIBK gene?
1,622
27,534 nucleotides
1,847
1,547
Complete Genome Sequence of a Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain Isolated in China https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3795213/ SHA: f2df4fc3c60338755fd23da3d7e01c0455e20745 Authors: Yang, Jing-tian; Ma, Bing-cun Date: 2013-10-10 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00815-13 License: cc-by Abstract: Infec...
How many open reading frames are in the SAIBK gene?
1,623
10
1,958
1,547
Complete Genome Sequence of a Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain Isolated in China https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3795213/ SHA: f2df4fc3c60338755fd23da3d7e01c0455e20745 Authors: Yang, Jing-tian; Ma, Bing-cun Date: 2013-10-10 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00815-13 License: cc-by Abstract: Infec...
What virus has the closest genetic identity with the SAIBK gene?
1,624
Chinese IBV strain SC021202
2,061
187
Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Lessons From Previous Epidemics https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285 February 11, 2020 David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2 Author Affiliations Article Information JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020...
How many surgical masks or respirators have past studies projected will be required for a pandemic in the United States?
257
an estimated 7.3 billion
6,383
187
Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Lessons From Previous Epidemics https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285 February 11, 2020 David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2 Author Affiliations Article Information JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020...
What is the acronym MERS-CoV?
248
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
722
187
Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Lessons From Previous Epidemics https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285 February 11, 2020 David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2 Author Affiliations Article Information JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020...
What are the critical factors that determine the effect of an epidemic?
249
Transmissibility and severity
474
187
Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Lessons From Previous Epidemics https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285 February 11, 2020 David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2 Author Affiliations Article Information JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020...
When did the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declare the 2019-nCoV epidemic as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern?
250
January 30, 2020
7,759
187
Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Lessons From Previous Epidemics https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285 February 11, 2020 David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2 Author Affiliations Article Information JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020...
What influenza virus was identified in China in 2013?
251
H7N9
5,591
187
Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Lessons From Previous Epidemics https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285 February 11, 2020 David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2 Author Affiliations Article Information JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020...
What past research has been done on severe, single-wave pandemics?
252
After a new influenza virus (H7N9) was identified in China in 2013, a series of modeling articles described the effect of, and level of preparedness for, a severe, single-wave pandemic in the United States.
5,562
187
Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Lessons From Previous Epidemics https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285 February 11, 2020 David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2 Author Affiliations Article Information JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020...
What is a clinical attack rate?
253
the proportion of individuals who become ill with or die from a disease in a population initially uninfected
5,816
187
Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Lessons From Previous Epidemics https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285 February 11, 2020 David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2 Author Affiliations Article Information JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020...
What was the clinical attack rate in the 2009 H1N1 pandemic?
254
20%
5,985
187
Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Lessons From Previous Epidemics https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285 February 11, 2020 David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2 Author Affiliations Article Information JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020...
What is the estimated R0 of COVID-19?
255
2.2
7,158
187
Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Lessons From Previous Epidemics https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285 February 11, 2020 David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2 Author Affiliations Article Information JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020...
How many ventilators have past studies projected will be required for a pandemic in the United States?
1,657
35 000 to 60 000
6,331
1,582
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/ SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur...
How is exhaled breath condensate used in viral research?
5,193
the isolation of respiratory viruses
548
1,582
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/ SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur...
How many patients were i this study?
5,194
102
609
1,582
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/ SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur...
What was the conclusion of this study?
5,195
EBC collection using the RTube™ is not reliable for diagnosis of respiratory infections
1,673
1,582
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/ SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur...
How long did the patient breath into the RTube?
5,196
10 minutes
4,107
1,582
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/ SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur...
What followed the reverse transcription step in the analysis?
5,197
denaturation step
9,620
1,582
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/ SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur...
What was the last step in the analysis?
5,198
amplification step
9,670
1,582
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/ SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur...
What percentage of the patients were between 20 and 30 years old in this study?
5,199
52%
9,888
1,582
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/ SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur...
Why is EBC an attractive method for screening?
5,200
easy to perform and can be conducted in a home environment
12,629
1,571
Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What is the leading cause of death among children after the age of 1 month?
502
Pneumonia remains the leading cause of death in children outside the neonatal period,
295
1,571
Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
How has the number of childhood pneumonia been reduced?
504
New conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae have contributed to decreases in radiologic, clinical and complicated pneumonia cases
566
1,571
Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What percentage of childhood deaths are due to pneumonia?
507
approximately 900,000 of the estimated 6.3 million child deaths in 2013
1,438
1,571
Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
How has the childhood population grown in the last two decades?
510
global childhood population from 605 million in 2000 to 664 million in 2015
2,274
1,571
Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What is the reduction in the number of childhood pneumonia cases?
511
Recent data suggest that there has been a 25% decrease in the incidence of pneumonia, from 0.29 episodes per child year in low-and middle-income countries in 2000, to 0.22 episodes per child year in 2010 [3] . This is substantiated by a 58% decrease in pneumonia-associated disability-adjusted life years between 1990 an...
2,356
1,571
Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
How much is the reduction in the childhood pneumonia deaths?
512
Pneumonia deaths decreased from 1.8 million in 2000 to 900,000 in 2013
2,772
1,571
Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
Childhood pneumonia rate for high income countries vs low and middle income countries.
513
The incidence in high-income countries is estimated at 0.015 episodes per child year, compared to 0.22 episodes per child year in low-and middle-income countries [3] . On average, 1 in 66 children in high-income countries is affected by pneumonia per year, compared to 1 in 5 children in low-and middle-income countries.
3,310
1,571
Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What percentage of childhood pneumonia deaths occur outside hospital in low and middle income countries?
514
up to 81% of severe pneumonia deaths occur outside a hospital
3,756
1,571
Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
Case Fatality Rates for Childhood Pneumonia in high income vs low and middle income countries.
515
the case fatality rate is estimated to be almost 10-fold higher in low-and middle-income countries as compared to high-income countries
3,872
1,571
Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
How can childhood pneumonia affect the subsequent health of a person?
516
Early life pneumonia can impair longterm lung health by decreasing lung function [6] . Severe or recurrent pneumonia can have a worse effect on lung function; increasing evidence suggests that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease might be related to early childhood pneumonia
4,098
1,571
Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What is the increase in the risk of respiratory disease after having childhood pneumonia.
517
The risk of developing at least one of the major sequelae was estimated as 6% after an ambulatory pneumonia event and 14% after an episode of hospitalized pneumonia.
4,662
1,571
Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
Which is the best method to identify pneumonia in a person?
518
Chest radiologic changes have been considered the gold standard for defining a pneumonia event
5,040
1,571
Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What is responsible for the reduction of radiologic pneumonia?
520
Widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccination has decreased the incidence of radiologic pneumonia.
6,100
1,571
Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What is the percentage reduction in pneumonia cases due to vaccination?
521
Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccination in high-burden communities, the vaccination was associated with an 18% decrease in radiologic pneumonia [13] . Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination was associated with a 26% decrease in radiologic pneumonia in California between 1995 and 1998 [14] . In v...
6,343
1,571
Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What is the revised WHO definition of Bacterial Pneumonia?
522
A revised case definition of "presumed bacterial pneumonia" has been introduced, and this definition includes pneumonia cases with WHO-defined alveolar consolidation, as well as those with other abnormal chest radiograph infiltrates and a serum C-reactive protein of at least 40 mg/L
7,735