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Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What is the reduction in bacterial pneumonia under the revised WHO definition of bacterial pneumonia?
524
Using the revised definition, the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pneumococcal conjugate vaccination-10), had a vaccine efficacy of 22% in preventing presumed bacterial pneumonia in young children in South America [22] , and pneumococcal conjugate vaccination-13 had a vaccine efficacy of 39% in preventing pre...
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Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What caused the increase in the incidence of empyema in children in the recent past?
530
An increased incidence of empyema in children was noted in some high-income countries following pneumococcal conjugate vaccination-7 introduction, and this was attributed to pneumococcal serotypes not included in pneumococcal conjugate vaccination-7, especially 3 and 19A
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Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
How have the incidence Empyema been reduced?
532
These trends have been reversed since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination-13. Data from the United States suggest that empyema decreased by 50% in children younger than 5 years
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Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What pneumonia related or chest conditions indicate the need for child radiography?
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chest radiography should not be routinely performed in children with ambulatory pneumonia [31] [32] [33] . Indications for chest radiography include hospitalization, severe hypoxemia or respiratory distress, failed initial antibiotic therapy, or suspicion for other diseases (tuberculosis, inhaled foreign body) or compl...
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Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What chest diseases and pneumonia were identified as leading causes prior to the availability of vaccines?
534
prior to availability of new conjugate vaccines confirmed S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae type B as the most important bacterial causes of pneumonia, with Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with some severe cases. Respiratory syncytial virus was the leading viral cause, identified in 15-40% of p...
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Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
Why has pertussis immunity in infants has decreased in infants?
535
Because pertussis immunity after acellular pertussis vaccination is less long-lasting than immunity after wild-type infection or whole-cell vaccination, many women of child-bearing age have waning pertussis antibody levels.
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Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What is the effect of childhood tuberculosis in childhood pneumonia?
536
A recent systematic review of tuberculosis as a comorbidity of childhood pneumonia reported culture-confirmed disease in about 8% of cases [50] . Because intrathoracic tuberculosis disease is only culture-confirmed in a minority of cases, the true burden could be even higher; tuberculosis could therefore be an importan...
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Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What are the risk factors in childhood pneumonia?
537
incomplete or inadequate vaccination must be considered as a major preventable risk factor for childhood pneumonia. Other risk factors include low birth weight, which is associated with 3.2 times increased odds of severe pneumonia in low-and middle-income countries, and 1.8 times increased odds in high-income countries...
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Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
How does air pollution affect the incidence of childhood pneumonia?
538
Indoor air pollution from use of solid or biomass fuels increases odds of pneumonia by 1.6 times; lack of measles vaccination by the end of the first year of age increases odds of pneumonia by 1.8 times
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Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What is the strongest risk factor for childhood pneumonia?
539
The single strongest risk factor for pneumonia is HIV infection, which is especially prevalent in children in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV-infected children have 6 times increased odds of developing severe pneumonia or of death compared to HIV-uninfected children
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Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What is the global coverage of influenza and pneumonia vaccines?
540
By the end of 2015, Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccination had been introduced in 73 countries, with global coverage estimated at 68%. However, inequities are still apparent among regions: in the Americas coverage is estimated at 90%, while in the Western Pacific it is only 25%. By 2015, pneumococcal conju...
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Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
Is influenza vaccination during pregnancy safe? How long does it protect the child?
541
Influenza vaccination during pregnancy is safe, provides reasonable maternal protection against influenza, and also protects infants for a limited period from confirmed influenza infection (vaccine efficacy 63% in Bangladesh [63] and 50.4% in South Africa [64] ). However as antibody levels drop sharply after birth, inf...
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Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
What is emphyema?
923
a rare complication of pneumonia
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Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/ SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42 Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J. Date: 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8 License: cc-by Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea...
How is the term end point consolidation described with regard to pneumonia diagnosis?
4,573
as a dense or fluffy opacity that occupies a portion or whole of a lobe, or the entire lung.
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A 3-year prospective study of the epidemiology of acute respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in Shenzhen, China https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4181804/ SHA: ef5fe7296ec8baf90d974cf5737af0da3ed403ea Authors: He, Ying; Lin, Guang-Yu; Wang, Qiong; Cai, Xiao-Ying; Zhang, Yin-Hui; Lin, Chua...
What viruses have been responsible for most common childhood acute respiratory track infections (ARTI)?
550
The most frequently reported viruses include respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses A and B (IAV, IBV), parainfluenza viruses (PIVs), human rhinovirus (HRV) and adenovirus (ADV),
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A 3-year prospective study of the epidemiology of acute respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in Shenzhen, China https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4181804/ SHA: ef5fe7296ec8baf90d974cf5737af0da3ed403ea Authors: He, Ying; Lin, Guang-Yu; Wang, Qiong; Cai, Xiao-Ying; Zhang, Yin-Hui; Lin, Chua...
Are there any vaccines against to protect against respiratory viral infections?
553
Currently, there are no approved vaccines or medications available for most of the respiratory viruses
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Spread from the Sink to the Patient: In Situ Study Using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-Expressing Escherichia coli To Model Bacterial Dispersion from Hand-Washing Sink-Trap Reservoirs https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5377511/ SHA: 615071c8c959f24857b1bad521cc432b59719bfb Authors: Kotay, Shireen; Chai, ...
Which type of bacteria are implicated in carrying genes of drug resistance?
544
Gammaproteobacteria
507
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Spread from the Sink to the Patient: In Situ Study Using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-Expressing Escherichia coli To Model Bacterial Dispersion from Hand-Washing Sink-Trap Reservoirs https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5377511/ SHA: 615071c8c959f24857b1bad521cc432b59719bfb Authors: Kotay, Shireen; Chai, ...
What may be a likely cause of sink-to-sink spreading of pathogens in the hospital setting?
545
via a common sanitary pipe
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The impact of rapid molecular diagnostic testing for respiratory viruses on outcomes for emergency department patients https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6617970/ SHA: eea9d5e3d2244b3ecfb5e909515e00a4a3cabaa7 Authors: Wabe, Nasir; Li, Ling; Lindeman, Robert; Yimsung, Ruth; Dahm, Maria R; Clezy, Kate; McLen...
What types of acute respiratory infections can be screened and diagnosed with multiplex PCR?
327
influenza and parainfluenza viruses, RSV, adenovirus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, enterovirus, bocavirus and coronavirus
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Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667631/ SHA: ee632fa425607e8ff91fc3730bc0782d43ce9c0c Authors: Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim; Taylor, Justin J. Date: 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01694 License: cc-by Abstract: Antibodies against foreign antigens a...
What is the role of antibodies during infection?
465
Antibodies against foreign antigens are a critical component of the overall immune response and can facilitate pathogen clearance during a primary infection and also protect against subsequent infections.
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Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667631/ SHA: ee632fa425607e8ff91fc3730bc0782d43ce9c0c Authors: Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim; Taylor, Justin J. Date: 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01694 License: cc-by Abstract: Antibodies against foreign antigens a...
How can antibodies also create health problems?
467
Dysregulation of the antibody response can lead to an autoimmune disease, malignancy, or enhanced infection.
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Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667631/ SHA: ee632fa425607e8ff91fc3730bc0782d43ce9c0c Authors: Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim; Taylor, Justin J. Date: 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01694 License: cc-by Abstract: Antibodies against foreign antigens a...
Which technology invention produced antibodies that are clones of a unique parent cell?
474
in the 1970s with the development of hybridoma technology to produce monoclonal antibodies
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Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667631/ SHA: ee632fa425607e8ff91fc3730bc0782d43ce9c0c Authors: Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim; Taylor, Justin J. Date: 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01694 License: cc-by Abstract: Antibodies against foreign antigens a...
What mechanism is responsible for the creation of diversified repertoire for antibodies?
476
somatic rearrangement during B cell differentiation was responsible for antibody diversification
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Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667631/ SHA: ee632fa425607e8ff91fc3730bc0782d43ce9c0c Authors: Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim; Taylor, Justin J. Date: 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01694 License: cc-by Abstract: Antibodies against foreign antigens a...
What developments have been made possible by the study of B-cell repertoire?
478
(1) vaccine candidates that elicit protective antibodies; (2) antibodies that prevent disease when given prophylactically; and (3) antibodies that can be given as therapy after the onset of disease.
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Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667631/ SHA: ee632fa425607e8ff91fc3730bc0782d43ce9c0c Authors: Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim; Taylor, Justin J. Date: 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01694 License: cc-by Abstract: Antibodies against foreign antigens a...
What motivates the study of the rare B-cells that produce Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies (bnAb)?
485
discovery of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that protect against infection across diverse viral isolates has intensified efforts to understand the developmental pathway of the rare B cells that produce these antibodies
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Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667631/ SHA: ee632fa425607e8ff91fc3730bc0782d43ce9c0c Authors: Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim; Taylor, Justin J. Date: 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01694 License: cc-by Abstract: Antibodies against foreign antigens a...
How has the study of B-cells helped the treatment for Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
489
For RSV, stabilized versions of the fusion (F) protein in the pre-fusion conformation have led to insights in the B cell's response to infection and has generated potentially safer and more efficacious vaccine candidates
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Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667631/ SHA: ee632fa425607e8ff91fc3730bc0782d43ce9c0c Authors: Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim; Taylor, Justin J. Date: 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01694 License: cc-by Abstract: Antibodies against foreign antigens a...
How are the studies on B-cells helping the development of a universal influenza vaccine?
490
Influenza also performs fusion through the stem region of the hemagglutinin protein, and the identification of B cells that target this relatively conserved site has spurred research on the development of a universal influenza vaccine (
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Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667631/ SHA: ee632fa425607e8ff91fc3730bc0782d43ce9c0c Authors: Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim; Taylor, Justin J. Date: 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01694 License: cc-by Abstract: Antibodies against foreign antigens a...
What role B-cell play in malaria infection and prevention?
494
Rare memory B cells producing antibodies specific for the EBV fusion machinery have been isolated; these can neutralize both B cell and epithelial cell infection (20). A new paradigm in malaria vaccine development is also emerging with the discovery of IgM+ and IgD+ memory B cells targeting the Merozoite Surface Protei...
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Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667631/ SHA: ee632fa425607e8ff91fc3730bc0782d43ce9c0c Authors: Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim; Taylor, Justin J. Date: 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01694 License: cc-by Abstract: Antibodies against foreign antigens a...
How can the study of B-cells help in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases?
497
The study of autoantigen-specific B cells and a detailed analysis of B cell subsets with pathogenic potential in humans could lead to a better understanding of how to prevent and treat autoimmune diseases.
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Demographic Variations of MERS-CoV Infection among Suspected and Confirmed Cases: An Epidemiological Analysis of Laboratory-Based Data from Riyadh Regional Laboratory https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7049846/ SHA: edee452881f826fb72c58ee68a982789b12aa99d Authors: Altamimi, Asmaa; Abu-Saris, Raghib; El-Me...
When was the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus isolated first?
557
(MERS-CoV) was first isolated in 2012, in a 60-year-old man who died in Jeddah, KSA due to severe acute pneumonia and multiple organ failure
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Demographic Variations of MERS-CoV Infection among Suspected and Confirmed Cases: An Epidemiological Analysis of Laboratory-Based Data from Riyadh Regional Laboratory https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7049846/ SHA: edee452881f826fb72c58ee68a982789b12aa99d Authors: Altamimi, Asmaa; Abu-Saris, Raghib; El-Me...
What is the Case fatality rate for MERS Coronavirus?
558
Recent fatality rate (CFR) of 21%
2,686
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Demographic Variations of MERS-CoV Infection among Suspected and Confirmed Cases: An Epidemiological Analysis of Laboratory-Based Data from Riyadh Regional Laboratory https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7049846/ SHA: edee452881f826fb72c58ee68a982789b12aa99d Authors: Altamimi, Asmaa; Abu-Saris, Raghib; El-Me...
How does gender influence MERS-COV infection?
559
MERS-CoV infects males more than females
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Demographic Variations of MERS-CoV Infection among Suspected and Confirmed Cases: An Epidemiological Analysis of Laboratory-Based Data from Riyadh Regional Laboratory https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7049846/ SHA: edee452881f826fb72c58ee68a982789b12aa99d Authors: Altamimi, Asmaa; Abu-Saris, Raghib; El-Me...
Which is the source animal for the MERS-COV?
560
Dromedary camels are the major animal source of MERS-CoV transmission to humans.
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Demographic Variations of MERS-CoV Infection among Suspected and Confirmed Cases: An Epidemiological Analysis of Laboratory-Based Data from Riyadh Regional Laboratory https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7049846/ SHA: edee452881f826fb72c58ee68a982789b12aa99d Authors: Altamimi, Asmaa; Abu-Saris, Raghib; El-Me...
What is the median time until death in MERS-COV?
562
median time until death is 11-13 days (range 5-27 days) among severely ill patients
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Demographic Variations of MERS-CoV Infection among Suspected and Confirmed Cases: An Epidemiological Analysis of Laboratory-Based Data from Riyadh Regional Laboratory https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7049846/ SHA: edee452881f826fb72c58ee68a982789b12aa99d Authors: Altamimi, Asmaa; Abu-Saris, Raghib; El-Me...
What is the incubation period for MERS-COV?
563
incubation period of 16 days with a mean of 5-6 days [
3,850
1,551
Demographic Variations of MERS-CoV Infection among Suspected and Confirmed Cases: An Epidemiological Analysis of Laboratory-Based Data from Riyadh Regional Laboratory https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7049846/ SHA: edee452881f826fb72c58ee68a982789b12aa99d Authors: Altamimi, Asmaa; Abu-Saris, Raghib; El-Me...
What is the treatment for MERS-COV?
564
ere is no specific treatment for MERS-CoV. Like most viral infections, the treatment options are supportive and symptomatic
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Demographic Variations of MERS-CoV Infection among Suspected and Confirmed Cases: An Epidemiological Analysis of Laboratory-Based Data from Riyadh Regional Laboratory https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7049846/ SHA: edee452881f826fb72c58ee68a982789b12aa99d Authors: Altamimi, Asmaa; Abu-Saris, Raghib; El-Me...
What age group had the most MERS-COV infections?
565
majority of confirmed cases of MERS-CoV were reported among people aged 40 and above
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Gemcitabine and Nucleos(t)ide Synthesis Inhibitors Are Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs that Activate Innate Immunity https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5923505/ SHA: f1e1e2511e051195c8327a56d5c311a2dd4ab6b3 Authors: Shin, Hye Jin; Kim, Chonsaeng; Cho, Sungchan Date: 2018-04-20 DOI: 10.3390/v10040211 License...
Why are nucleosides analogs used for chemotheraphy?
5,232
they inhibit cellular DNA/RNA polymerases
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1,594
Gemcitabine and Nucleos(t)ide Synthesis Inhibitors Are Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs that Activate Innate Immunity https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5923505/ SHA: f1e1e2511e051195c8327a56d5c311a2dd4ab6b3 Authors: Shin, Hye Jin; Kim, Chonsaeng; Cho, Sungchan Date: 2018-04-20 DOI: 10.3390/v10040211 License...
What nucleoside analog is the focus of the current study?
5,233
gemcitabine
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Gemcitabine and Nucleos(t)ide Synthesis Inhibitors Are Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs that Activate Innate Immunity https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5923505/ SHA: f1e1e2511e051195c8327a56d5c311a2dd4ab6b3 Authors: Shin, Hye Jin; Kim, Chonsaeng; Cho, Sungchan Date: 2018-04-20 DOI: 10.3390/v10040211 License...
Gemcitabine has been shown to have antiviral activity against which viruses?
5,234
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Zika virus (ZIKV), HCV, poliovirus (PV), influenza A virus (IAV), HIV, and enteroviruses (EV)
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Gemcitabine and Nucleos(t)ide Synthesis Inhibitors Are Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs that Activate Innate Immunity https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5923505/ SHA: f1e1e2511e051195c8327a56d5c311a2dd4ab6b3 Authors: Shin, Hye Jin; Kim, Chonsaeng; Cho, Sungchan Date: 2018-04-20 DOI: 10.3390/v10040211 License...
How does gemcitabine disrupt viral activity?
5,235
by targeting the salvage pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis
14,050
1,570
Identification and characterisation of the CD40-ligand of Sigmodon hispidus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063397/ SHA: edf2997357501734a93c1b7e16d44e86a7d20853 Authors: Russell, Marsha S.; Muralidharan, Abenaya; Larocque, Louise; Cao, Jingxin; Deschambault, Yvon; Varga, Jessie; Thulasi Raman, Sathya ...
Why are cotton rats considered a strong animal model for biomedical research?
1,631
its well defined immunological and genetic information, costeffectiveness, and abundant inbred strains and research reagents
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Identification and characterisation of the CD40-ligand of Sigmodon hispidus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063397/ SHA: edf2997357501734a93c1b7e16d44e86a7d20853 Authors: Russell, Marsha S.; Muralidharan, Abenaya; Larocque, Louise; Cao, Jingxin; Deschambault, Yvon; Varga, Jessie; Thulasi Raman, Sathya ...
What is the structure of the CD40 Ligand?
1,632
a sandwiched extracellular structure composed of a β-sheet, α-helix loop, and a β-sheet
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Identification and characterisation of the CD40-ligand of Sigmodon hispidus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063397/ SHA: edf2997357501734a93c1b7e16d44e86a7d20853 Authors: Russell, Marsha S.; Muralidharan, Abenaya; Larocque, Louise; Cao, Jingxin; Deschambault, Yvon; Varga, Jessie; Thulasi Raman, Sathya ...
What is the effect of CD40L on Dendritic Cells?
1,633
it promotes cytokine production, the induction of cell surface co-stimulatory molecules, and facilitates the cross-presentation of antigen by these cells
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Identification and characterisation of the CD40-ligand of Sigmodon hispidus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063397/ SHA: edf2997357501734a93c1b7e16d44e86a7d20853 Authors: Russell, Marsha S.; Muralidharan, Abenaya; Larocque, Louise; Cao, Jingxin; Deschambault, Yvon; Varga, Jessie; Thulasi Raman, Sathya ...
What is the effect of CD40L on B Cells?
1,634
it promotes germinal center formation, immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype switching, somatic hypermutation to enhance antigen affinity, and lastly, the formation of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells
5,079
1,563
Obesity and risk of respiratory tract infections: results of an infection-diary based cohort study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5819164/ SHA: ee0c318d282c0089cca94f0b2ea4d90db2ab9f8a Authors: Maccioni, Livia; Weber, Susanne; Elgizouli, Magdeldin; Stoehlker, Anne-Sophie; Geist, Ilona; Peter, Hans-Hart...
What conditions are considered upper respiratory tracts infections?
328
common cold, pharyngitis, otitis, sinusitis, laryngotracheitis, epiglottitis
2,282
1,563
Obesity and risk of respiratory tract infections: results of an infection-diary based cohort study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5819164/ SHA: ee0c318d282c0089cca94f0b2ea4d90db2ab9f8a Authors: Maccioni, Livia; Weber, Susanne; Elgizouli, Magdeldin; Stoehlker, Anne-Sophie; Geist, Ilona; Peter, Hans-Hart...
What conditions are considered lower respiratory tract infections?
329
bronchitis, pneumonia and bronchiolitis
2,392
1,563
Obesity and risk of respiratory tract infections: results of an infection-diary based cohort study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5819164/ SHA: ee0c318d282c0089cca94f0b2ea4d90db2ab9f8a Authors: Maccioni, Livia; Weber, Susanne; Elgizouli, Magdeldin; Stoehlker, Anne-Sophie; Geist, Ilona; Peter, Hans-Hart...
What immune cells are primarily involved in eliminating virus-infected cells?
330
NK cells (CD3-/CD16+/CD56+)
19,410
1,563
Obesity and risk of respiratory tract infections: results of an infection-diary based cohort study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5819164/ SHA: ee0c318d282c0089cca94f0b2ea4d90db2ab9f8a Authors: Maccioni, Livia; Weber, Susanne; Elgizouli, Magdeldin; Stoehlker, Anne-Sophie; Geist, Ilona; Peter, Hans-Hart...
What molecules have been shown to hinder T cell responses to viral infections?
331
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)
20,524
1,563
Obesity and risk of respiratory tract infections: results of an infection-diary based cohort study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5819164/ SHA: ee0c318d282c0089cca94f0b2ea4d90db2ab9f8a Authors: Maccioni, Livia; Weber, Susanne; Elgizouli, Magdeldin; Stoehlker, Anne-Sophie; Geist, Ilona; Peter, Hans-Hart...
The accumulation of what molecule hinders phagocytic activity in T cells?
332
reactive oxygen species (ROS)
20,534
1,549
A Global Champion for Health—WHO’s Next? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4924837/ SHA: f2f9088055600d4160e36db5cb6ea000916390a3 Authors: nan Date: 2016-06-28 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002059 License: cc-by Abstract: In this month’s editorial, the PLOS Medicine Editors propose ideal qualities for the W...
When did the last Director General of the WHO resign?
1,592
June 30, 2017
603
1,549
A Global Champion for Health—WHO’s Next? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4924837/ SHA: f2f9088055600d4160e36db5cb6ea000916390a3 Authors: nan Date: 2016-06-28 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002059 License: cc-by Abstract: In this month’s editorial, the PLOS Medicine Editors propose ideal qualities for the W...
Why might an organization like the WHO be necessary?
1,593
to promote, set standards in, and evaluate progress toward better health for people in all countries
2,033
1,549
A Global Champion for Health—WHO’s Next? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4924837/ SHA: f2f9088055600d4160e36db5cb6ea000916390a3 Authors: nan Date: 2016-06-28 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002059 License: cc-by Abstract: In this month’s editorial, the PLOS Medicine Editors propose ideal qualities for the W...
Where should the next Director General for the WHO come from?
1,595
a lowincome or middle-income country
3,064
1,549
A Global Champion for Health—WHO’s Next? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4924837/ SHA: f2f9088055600d4160e36db5cb6ea000916390a3 Authors: nan Date: 2016-06-28 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002059 License: cc-by Abstract: In this month’s editorial, the PLOS Medicine Editors propose ideal qualities for the W...
What traits should the new Director General of the WHO have?
1,596
open-minded and creative
3,978
1,564
A focus reduction neutralization assay for hepatitis C virus neutralizing antibodies https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1852297/ SHA: ee8dca216514deeed4c9415bc2ad8a78dc3d9670 Authors: Fournier, Carole; Duverlie, Gilles; François, Catherine; Schnuriger, Aurelie; Dedeurwaerder, Sarah; Brochot, Etienne; Capro...
What is the Hepatitis C virus?
1,625
enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus
2,967
1,564
A focus reduction neutralization assay for hepatitis C virus neutralizing antibodies https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1852297/ SHA: ee8dca216514deeed4c9415bc2ad8a78dc3d9670 Authors: Fournier, Carole; Duverlie, Gilles; François, Catherine; Schnuriger, Aurelie; Dedeurwaerder, Sarah; Brochot, Etienne; Capro...
How many people have persistent hepatitis C virus?
1,626
170 million people worldwide
3,062
1,564
A focus reduction neutralization assay for hepatitis C virus neutralizing antibodies https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1852297/ SHA: ee8dca216514deeed4c9415bc2ad8a78dc3d9670 Authors: Fournier, Carole; Duverlie, Gilles; François, Catherine; Schnuriger, Aurelie; Dedeurwaerder, Sarah; Brochot, Etienne; Capro...
What is the long-term risk of chronic hepatitis C infection?
1,627
cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
3,219
1,564
A focus reduction neutralization assay for hepatitis C virus neutralizing antibodies https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1852297/ SHA: ee8dca216514deeed4c9415bc2ad8a78dc3d9670 Authors: Fournier, Carole; Duverlie, Gilles; François, Catherine; Schnuriger, Aurelie; Dedeurwaerder, Sarah; Brochot, Etienne; Capro...
What antiviral treatments are used for hepatitis C infection?
1,628
pegylated alpha-interferon and ribavirin
3,287
1,560
Relationship between hepcidin and oxidant/antioxidant status in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146304/ SHA: efcd7d171bb51acf2ef0a631901900497957a3be Authors: Erkilic, E. E.; Erdogan, H. M.; Ogun, M.; Kirmizigul, A. H.; Gokce, E.; Kuru, M.; Kukurt, A. Date: 201...
What is the main cause of death in the neonatal period of calves?
2,129
Calf septicemia
1,971
1,560
Relationship between hepcidin and oxidant/antioxidant status in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146304/ SHA: efcd7d171bb51acf2ef0a631901900497957a3be Authors: Erkilic, E. E.; Erdogan, H. M.; Ogun, M.; Kirmizigul, A. H.; Gokce, E.; Kuru, M.; Kukurt, A. Date: 201...
Where was hepcidin first discovered?
2,131
human urine
2,382
1,560
Relationship between hepcidin and oxidant/antioxidant status in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146304/ SHA: efcd7d171bb51acf2ef0a631901900497957a3be Authors: Erkilic, E. E.; Erdogan, H. M.; Ogun, M.; Kirmizigul, A. H.; Gokce, E.; Kuru, M.; Kukurt, A. Date: 201...
What is hepcidin?
2,130
low molecular weight, antimicrobial peptide hormone
2,302
1,560
Relationship between hepcidin and oxidant/antioxidant status in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146304/ SHA: efcd7d171bb51acf2ef0a631901900497957a3be Authors: Erkilic, E. E.; Erdogan, H. M.; Ogun, M.; Kirmizigul, A. H.; Gokce, E.; Kuru, M.; Kukurt, A. Date: 201...
What organ produces hepcidin?
2,132
liver
2,422
1,560
Relationship between hepcidin and oxidant/antioxidant status in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146304/ SHA: efcd7d171bb51acf2ef0a631901900497957a3be Authors: Erkilic, E. E.; Erdogan, H. M.; Ogun, M.; Kirmizigul, A. H.; Gokce, E.; Kuru, M.; Kukurt, A. Date: 201...
What stimulates the release of hepcidin?
2,133
inflammatory reactions and high Fe concentrations
2,455
1,560
Relationship between hepcidin and oxidant/antioxidant status in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146304/ SHA: efcd7d171bb51acf2ef0a631901900497957a3be Authors: Erkilic, E. E.; Erdogan, H. M.; Ogun, M.; Kirmizigul, A. H.; Gokce, E.; Kuru, M.; Kukurt, A. Date: 201...
What element does hepcidin play a roles in regulating during metabolism?
2,134
Fe
2,569
1,560
Relationship between hepcidin and oxidant/antioxidant status in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146304/ SHA: efcd7d171bb51acf2ef0a631901900497957a3be Authors: Erkilic, E. E.; Erdogan, H. M.; Ogun, M.; Kirmizigul, A. H.; Gokce, E.; Kuru, M.; Kukurt, A. Date: 201...
Is hepcidin toxic?
2,135
potentially toxic
2,856
1,560
Relationship between hepcidin and oxidant/antioxidant status in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146304/ SHA: efcd7d171bb51acf2ef0a631901900497957a3be Authors: Erkilic, E. E.; Erdogan, H. M.; Ogun, M.; Kirmizigul, A. H.; Gokce, E.; Kuru, M.; Kukurt, A. Date: 201...
Why is iron critical to bacteria?
2,136
bacteria utilize Fe for survival, growth and proliferation
2,972
1,560
Relationship between hepcidin and oxidant/antioxidant status in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146304/ SHA: efcd7d171bb51acf2ef0a631901900497957a3be Authors: Erkilic, E. E.; Erdogan, H. M.; Ogun, M.; Kirmizigul, A. H.; Gokce, E.; Kuru, M.; Kukurt, A. Date: 201...
How does hepcidin work in the duodenum?
2,137
control of excessive Fe absorption
3,425
1,560
Relationship between hepcidin and oxidant/antioxidant status in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146304/ SHA: efcd7d171bb51acf2ef0a631901900497957a3be Authors: Erkilic, E. E.; Erdogan, H. M.; Ogun, M.; Kirmizigul, A. H.; Gokce, E.; Kuru, M.; Kukurt, A. Date: 201...
How does hepcidin affect macrophages?
2,138
regulation of Fe release
3,372
1,560
Relationship between hepcidin and oxidant/antioxidant status in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146304/ SHA: efcd7d171bb51acf2ef0a631901900497957a3be Authors: Erkilic, E. E.; Erdogan, H. M.; Ogun, M.; Kirmizigul, A. H.; Gokce, E.; Kuru, M.; Kukurt, A. Date: 201...
What leads to oxidative stress in the body?
2,139
production of ROS
3,802
1,560
Relationship between hepcidin and oxidant/antioxidant status in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146304/ SHA: efcd7d171bb51acf2ef0a631901900497957a3be Authors: Erkilic, E. E.; Erdogan, H. M.; Ogun, M.; Kirmizigul, A. H.; Gokce, E.; Kuru, M.; Kukurt, A. Date: 201...
What parameter is used to measure antioxidant levels?
2,140
superoxide dismutase
11,390
1,561
Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalitis Responding to Combined Decompressive Craniectomy, Intravenous Immunoglobulin, and Corticosteroid Therapies: Association with Novel RANBP2 Variant https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857578/ SHA: ef6638accc1ef599ad1aafd47b3a86f2b904cc76 Authors: Alawadhi, Abdulla; Saint-Martin...
What is Acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis?
3,032
a rare form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
546
1,561
Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalitis Responding to Combined Decompressive Craniectomy, Intravenous Immunoglobulin, and Corticosteroid Therapies: Association with Novel RANBP2 Variant https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857578/ SHA: ef6638accc1ef599ad1aafd47b3a86f2b904cc76 Authors: Alawadhi, Abdulla; Saint-Martin...
What are the salient findings in Acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis?
3,033
fulminant encephalopathy with hemorrhagic necrosis
615
1,561
Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalitis Responding to Combined Decompressive Craniectomy, Intravenous Immunoglobulin, and Corticosteroid Therapies: Association with Novel RANBP2 Variant https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857578/ SHA: ef6638accc1ef599ad1aafd47b3a86f2b904cc76 Authors: Alawadhi, Abdulla; Saint-Martin...
What is RANBP2?
3,034
nuclear pore protein
3,370
1,561
Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalitis Responding to Combined Decompressive Craniectomy, Intravenous Immunoglobulin, and Corticosteroid Therapies: Association with Novel RANBP2 Variant https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857578/ SHA: ef6638accc1ef599ad1aafd47b3a86f2b904cc76 Authors: Alawadhi, Abdulla; Saint-Martin...
What is the suggested role of RANBP2 in the cell?
3,035
intracellular protein trafficking or energy maintenance and homeostasis of neuronal cells
3,506
1,561
Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalitis Responding to Combined Decompressive Craniectomy, Intravenous Immunoglobulin, and Corticosteroid Therapies: Association with Novel RANBP2 Variant https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857578/ SHA: ef6638accc1ef599ad1aafd47b3a86f2b904cc76 Authors: Alawadhi, Abdulla; Saint-Martin...
What is the hallmark finding of acute necrotizing encephalopathy?
3,036
multiple, symmetric brain lesions located in the thalami bilaterally, putamina, deep periventricular white matter, cerebellum, and brainstem
3,762
1,561
Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalitis Responding to Combined Decompressive Craniectomy, Intravenous Immunoglobulin, and Corticosteroid Therapies: Association with Novel RANBP2 Variant https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857578/ SHA: ef6638accc1ef599ad1aafd47b3a86f2b904cc76 Authors: Alawadhi, Abdulla; Saint-Martin...
What could trigger acute necrotizing encephalopathy?
3,037
viral infection in previously healthy children
3,931
1,561
Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalitis Responding to Combined Decompressive Craniectomy, Intravenous Immunoglobulin, and Corticosteroid Therapies: Association with Novel RANBP2 Variant https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857578/ SHA: ef6638accc1ef599ad1aafd47b3a86f2b904cc76 Authors: Alawadhi, Abdulla; Saint-Martin...
When did she present with rapidly progressive right-hand weakness?
3,038
1 month later
6,040
1,562
New Isoxazolidine-Conjugates of Quinazolinones—Synthesis, Antiviral and Cytostatic Activity https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6273226/ SHA: eefddcf51f8426ecaa9e3ace144dadfb34a74cf5 Authors: Piotrowska, Dorota G.; Andrei, Graciela; Schols, Dominique; Snoeck, Robert; Grabkowska-Drużyc, Magdalena Date: 2016-...
Compounds from what framework have shown promising anticancer and antiviral properties?
3,039
quinazolin-4-one
2,259
1,562
New Isoxazolidine-Conjugates of Quinazolinones—Synthesis, Antiviral and Cytostatic Activity https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6273226/ SHA: eefddcf51f8426ecaa9e3ace144dadfb34a74cf5 Authors: Piotrowska, Dorota G.; Andrei, Graciela; Schols, Dominique; Snoeck, Robert; Grabkowska-Drużyc, Magdalena Date: 2016-...
The replication of what virus is strongly inhibited by 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (1)?
3,040
tobacco mosaic virus
2,689
1,591
Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941262/ SHA: f5ae3f66face323615df39d838e056ab5fcc98df Authors: Kamau, Everlyn; Oketch, John W.; de Laurent, Zaydah R.; Phan, My V. T.; Agoti, Charles N.; Nokes, D. Ja...
What causes acute respiratory illness in young children?
4,059
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV)
427
1,591
Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941262/ SHA: f5ae3f66face323615df39d838e056ab5fcc98df Authors: Kamau, Everlyn; Oketch, John W.; de Laurent, Zaydah R.; Phan, My V. T.; Agoti, Charles N.; Nokes, D. Ja...
What is the molecular structure of the Human metapneumovirus (HMPV)?
4,060
single-stranded RNA virus
1,725
1,591
Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941262/ SHA: f5ae3f66face323615df39d838e056ab5fcc98df Authors: Kamau, Everlyn; Oketch, John W.; de Laurent, Zaydah R.; Phan, My V. T.; Agoti, Charles N.; Nokes, D. Ja...
What virus is closely related to the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
4,061
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV)
1,691
1,591
Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941262/ SHA: f5ae3f66face323615df39d838e056ab5fcc98df Authors: Kamau, Everlyn; Oketch, John W.; de Laurent, Zaydah R.; Phan, My V. T.; Agoti, Charles N.; Nokes, D. Ja...
What diseases are caused by HMPV?
4,062
mild upper respiratory infection to bronchiolitis and pneumonia
1,911
1,591
Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941262/ SHA: f5ae3f66face323615df39d838e056ab5fcc98df Authors: Kamau, Everlyn; Oketch, John W.; de Laurent, Zaydah R.; Phan, My V. T.; Agoti, Charles N.; Nokes, D. Ja...
How large is the HMPV genome?
4,063
13 kb
2,108
1,591
Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941262/ SHA: f5ae3f66face323615df39d838e056ab5fcc98df Authors: Kamau, Everlyn; Oketch, John W.; de Laurent, Zaydah R.; Phan, My V. T.; Agoti, Charles N.; Nokes, D. Ja...
How many open reading frames are in the HMPV genome?
4,064
eight
2,128
1,591
Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941262/ SHA: f5ae3f66face323615df39d838e056ab5fcc98df Authors: Kamau, Everlyn; Oketch, John W.; de Laurent, Zaydah R.; Phan, My V. T.; Agoti, Charles N.; Nokes, D. Ja...
What are the two major genotypes of HMPV?
4,065
A and B
2,486
1,591
Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941262/ SHA: f5ae3f66face323615df39d838e056ab5fcc98df Authors: Kamau, Everlyn; Oketch, John W.; de Laurent, Zaydah R.; Phan, My V. T.; Agoti, Charles N.; Nokes, D. Ja...
What is the most common subgroup of HMPV?
4,066
HMPV A2
2,566
1,591
Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941262/ SHA: f5ae3f66face323615df39d838e056ab5fcc98df Authors: Kamau, Everlyn; Oketch, John W.; de Laurent, Zaydah R.; Phan, My V. T.; Agoti, Charles N.; Nokes, D. Ja...
Who accounted for 44% of HMPV positive cases in Kenya between 2007 and 2011?
4,067
children under 6 months of age
3,234
1,591
Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941262/ SHA: f5ae3f66face323615df39d838e056ab5fcc98df Authors: Kamau, Everlyn; Oketch, John W.; de Laurent, Zaydah R.; Phan, My V. T.; Agoti, Charles N.; Nokes, D. Ja...
What does this study describe?
4,068
a whole genome sequencing (WGS) approach for HMPV
5,474
1,591
Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941262/ SHA: f5ae3f66face323615df39d838e056ab5fcc98df Authors: Kamau, Everlyn; Oketch, John W.; de Laurent, Zaydah R.; Phan, My V. T.; Agoti, Charles N.; Nokes, D. Ja...
What was the difference in the group A and B genomes?
4,069
The length of the F-M2 intergenic region
7,202
1,579
Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Adult Patients Attending Outpatient and Emergency Departments, Taiwan, 2012–2013: A PCR/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635751/ SHA: ef6361c7bffb9e92f397d7004bfb3a9c804d7c6a Authors: Shih, Hsin-I; Wang, Hsuan-Chen; Su...
What was the purpose of this study?
4,077
to comprehensively investigate the viral epidemiology of adult RTIs
850
1,579
Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Adult Patients Attending Outpatient and Emergency Departments, Taiwan, 2012–2013: A PCR/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635751/ SHA: ef6361c7bffb9e92f397d7004bfb3a9c804d7c6a Authors: Shih, Hsin-I; Wang, Hsuan-Chen; Su...
How many control samples were used in this study?
4,078
27
1,343
1,579
Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Adult Patients Attending Outpatient and Emergency Departments, Taiwan, 2012–2013: A PCR/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635751/ SHA: ef6361c7bffb9e92f397d7004bfb3a9c804d7c6a Authors: Shih, Hsin-I; Wang, Hsuan-Chen; Su...
What was the prevalence of coinfection?
4,079
4.1% of cases
1,941
1,579
Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Adult Patients Attending Outpatient and Emergency Departments, Taiwan, 2012–2013: A PCR/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635751/ SHA: ef6361c7bffb9e92f397d7004bfb3a9c804d7c6a Authors: Shih, Hsin-I; Wang, Hsuan-Chen; Su...
What risks factors were associated with lower RTIs?
4,080
parainfluenza infection, old age, and immunosuppression
2,582
1,579
Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Adult Patients Attending Outpatient and Emergency Departments, Taiwan, 2012–2013: A PCR/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635751/ SHA: ef6361c7bffb9e92f397d7004bfb3a9c804d7c6a Authors: Shih, Hsin-I; Wang, Hsuan-Chen; Su...
What tests can simultaneously identify and subtype multiple respiratory viruses?
4,081
multilocus polymerase chain reaction coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
4,633
1,579
Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Adult Patients Attending Outpatient and Emergency Departments, Taiwan, 2012–2013: A PCR/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635751/ SHA: ef6361c7bffb9e92f397d7004bfb3a9c804d7c6a Authors: Shih, Hsin-I; Wang, Hsuan-Chen; Su...
What was the definition for an immunocompromised state in this study?
4,082
corticosteroid treatment, solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell recipient, or chemotherapy for an underlying malignancy during the past 6 months
7,015
1,579
Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Adult Patients Attending Outpatient and Emergency Departments, Taiwan, 2012–2013: A PCR/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635751/ SHA: ef6361c7bffb9e92f397d7004bfb3a9c804d7c6a Authors: Shih, Hsin-I; Wang, Hsuan-Chen; Su...
What was the length of the study?
4,083
9-month
11,268
1,579
Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Adult Patients Attending Outpatient and Emergency Departments, Taiwan, 2012–2013: A PCR/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635751/ SHA: ef6361c7bffb9e92f397d7004bfb3a9c804d7c6a Authors: Shih, Hsin-I; Wang, Hsuan-Chen; Su...
How many patients had acute RTIs?
4,084
263
11,333
1,579
Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Adult Patients Attending Outpatient and Emergency Departments, Taiwan, 2012–2013: A PCR/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635751/ SHA: ef6361c7bffb9e92f397d7004bfb3a9c804d7c6a Authors: Shih, Hsin-I; Wang, Hsuan-Chen; Su...
What was the most frequent coinfection?
4,085
rhinovirus
20,799
1,583
A super-spreading ewe infects hundreds with Q fever at a farmers' market in Germany https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618839/ SHA: ee1b5a9618dcc4080ed100486cedd0969e80fa4d Authors: Porten, Klaudia; Rissland, Jürgen; Tigges, Almira; Broll, Susanne; Hopp, Wilfried; Lunemann, Mechthild; van Treeck, Ulrich; ...
What health regulations were changes due to the outbreak of C. burnetti?
5,201
forbid the display of sheep in the latter third of their pregnancy and require regular testing of animals for C. burnetii in petting zoos
29,345