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Blood nerve barrier is formed by:
Ref: Histology a Text and Atlas, 6th edition, Michael H. Ross, Page 376Explanation:"Together with endothelial cells of blood vessels within the fascicle, perineurial cells constitute part of the blood-nerve barrier, an important andselective diffusion barrier against entry of potentially infectious and toxic substances...
1
Perineurium
Schwann cells
Epineurium
Endoneurium
Physiology
Sex Hormones
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single
The most commonly implicated neurotransmitter in the aetiology of schizophrenia is
Schizophrenia is presently thought to be probably due to a functional increase of dopamine at the postsynaptic receptor, though other neurotransmitters such as serotonin (especially 5-HT2 receptors), GABA and acetylcholine are also presumably involved. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no...
3
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Dopamine
GABA
Psychiatry
Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
798e154e-3279-45d8-b342-bdc264afa10c
single
True about estrogen production in menstural cycle?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Both theca and granulosa cells Ovarian follicle contains two types of cells in preovulatory phase :-i) Granulosa cells :- Secrete mainly estrogen and very minimal amount of progesterone.ii) Theca cells (interna & externa) Theca interna cells provide androgen and pregnenolone to granulosa cells to conv...
3
Only by theca cells
Only by granulosa cells
Both theca and granulosa cells
None of the above
Physiology
null
265167a0-dd2b-435a-b21e-6d7e56ad6403
multi
Anaesthesia of choice in renal disease – a) Atracuriumb) Cisatracuriumc) Vecuroniumd) Rocuroniume) Mivacuronium
Atracurium /Cisatracurium are the muscle relaxant of choice in renal diseases. Mivacurium is an alternative. Vecuronium and Rocuronium are primarily excreted in bile, therefore are safe in renal diseases. However, they are not the muscle relaxant of choice. If the question would have been framed differently, i.e. the m...
3
abc
bcd
abe
acd
Anaesthesia
null
b6be5ace-6f3a-426b-a11c-b9ca047f62b6
single
Which of the following statements about miltefosine is True?
MILTEFOSINE - It is the first oral drug for treatment of kala azar. - 4 weeks course can produce cure rates of more than 95 percent - It can be used for visceral as well as cutaneous leishmaniasis. - It has a very long half life. - Reversible derangements of LFT and KFT have been noted. - Miltefosine is teratogenic and...
3
It is used only for visceral leishmaniasis
A 4 week course produces cure rate of around 65%
It is the oral drug for treatment of kala-azar
It is safe in pregnancy
Pharmacology
Anti-Parasitic Drugs
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multi
Which one of the following clinical findings excludes the diagnosis of polymyositis?
PM don't have any of the following:rashes ,involvement of extraocular and facial muscles ,family history of neuromuscular disease,history of exposure to myotonic drugs or toxins ,endocrinopathy ,neurogenic disease,muscular dystrophy ,biochemical muscle disorder. Ocular muscles are never involved in generalized polymyos...
2
Neck muscle involvement
Extraocular muscle involvement
Dysphagia
Abdominal muscle involvement
Medicine
C.N.S
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Drugs used in the treatment of rhinoscleroma include all except:
Drugs used for treatment of rhinoscleroma are streptomycin (1g/day), ciprofloxacin (Ig/day)or tetracycline (2g/day). Treatment is continued till clinical improvement and negative tissue cultures are obtained.
4
Streptomycin
Ciprofloxacin
Tetracycline
Erythromycin
ENT
Nose and PNS
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multi
High - resolution CT of the lung is a specialized CT technique for greater detail of lung parenchyma and it utilizes -
Principles of HRCT are:-              i)  Narrow beam collimation (thin collimation)              ii)  High-frequency reconstruction algorithm, e.g. bone algorithm              iii) Small field of vision
3
Special lung filters
Thick collimation
Bone algorithm for image reconstruction
Large field of view
Radiology
null
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single
Kayser fleischer ring is seen in -
Chalcosis- It refers to the specific changes produced by the alloy of copper in the eye. Mechanism - copper ions from the alloy are dissociated electrolytically and deposited under the membranous structures of the eye. KF ring is due to deposition of copper under peripheral pas of descemets membrane of cornea. Fleische...
2
Siderosis
Chalcosis
Open angle glaucoma
Chemical injuries
Ophthalmology
Ocular trauma
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single
Who gave the model for demineralization & remineralization of white spot lesion?
The physiochemical process of white spot lesions was difficult to understand until the Moreno model was described. In this model, acids formed by cariogenic bacteria dissolve the surface as well as subsurface enamel. The calcium and phosphate ions from the subsurface dissolution diffuse downwards toward the surface and...
2
Miller
Moreno
Martin
Massler
Dental
null
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single
A 70 year old alcoholic presents with abdominal pain, lump in the RUQ and weight loss. No history of upper or lower Gl symptoms. USG shows 10 x 10 cm mass in the right lobe of liver. Which serum marker will be helpful in diagnosis?
Answer: d) Alpha-fetoprotein (ROBBINS 9th ED, P-337)A 70 year old chronic alcoholic with abdominal pain, weight loss & lump in the RUQ suggests liver cancer. AFP is the tumor marker which is raised in liver cancerTUMOR MARKERSMarkersAssociated cancersNon neoplastic conditionsHuman chorionic gonadotropinTrophoblastic tu...
4
Serum calcitonin
CA19-9
Alkaline phosphatase
Alpha-fetoprotein
Pathology
Liver & Biliary Tract
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single
Goodpasture's syndrome is characterized by -
Goodpasture syndrome Goodpasture syndrome is a rare condition characterized by the rapid destruction of the kidney and diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage. It is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies targeted against basement membrane of lung and kidney. These antibodies are direct...
1
Necrotising hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonitis
Alveolitis
Patchy consolidation
Pulmonary edema
Pathology
null
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single
Snake venom acts by?
Both REF: Manson's tropical diseases By Gordon C. Cook, Patrick Manson, Alimuddin Zumla Page 566, Elapid and Colubrid venoms activate complement alternative pathway (cobra venom factor), Russell's viper classical pathway Southern pacific rattle snake inactivates both alternate and classical pathway
3
Classical pathway
Alternate pathway
Both
None
Forensic Medicine
null
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multi
NOT used as a post - coital contraception :
Ans. is d i.e. Misoprostol Friends, here the answer of choice is Misoprostol as it is never used for Emergency contraception (though according to Shaw it can be used) whereas Danazol can be used but is less desirable than other methods because of its less efficacy.
4
Danazol
Ethinyl estradiol
Levonorgesterel
Misoprostol
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
a1c5b748-7a00-46b3-a547-e828cb31cc7f
single
Minimal interval between two live vaccines administered by the oral route is
Live vaccines administered by the oral route (Oral Polio vaccine-OPV; oral typhoid and Rota virus) are not believed to interfere with each other if not given simultaneously. These vaccines may be given at any time before or after each other. Live parenteral (injected) vaccines and live intranasal influenza vaccine shou...
1
Any time
2 weeks
4 weeks
3 months
Pediatrics
All India exam
99be6250-8f74-4521-b450-3b4cade34103
single
in the condition above the patients presents with ?
image is : gastric outlet obstruction patient presents with vomiting/ball rolling hypokalemia,hyponatremia, hypochloremia metabolic alkalosis + paradoxical renal aciduria treatment: iv fluids ,NS + kcl supplement ref : bailey and love 27th ed
2
hyperkalemia
metabolic alkalosis + paradoxical renal aciduria
hypernatremia + hypochloremia
metabolicacidosis
Surgery
All India exam
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multi
Abnormal cellular growth may result in either a decrease or an increase in the mass of the involved tissue. Both hyperplasia and hyperophy are found in:
Uterine myometrial hyperplasia and hyperophy are seen during pregnancy (hormone-induced). Hyperophy results from increased amounts of cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles in cells.Hyperplasia results when cells of a tissue are stimulated to undergo mitotic division, thereby increasing the number of cells. Ref: Chandras...
1
Pregnancy uterus
Cardiac muscle in cardiomegaly
Skeletal muscle in athelete
Breast development in lactation
Pathology
null
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A 2 year old child without fever develops bone pain, vomiting and features of increased intracranial pressure following excessive medication. The drug most likely to be responsible for this is –
It is a case of pseudotumor cerebri.
1
Vitamin A
Phenothiazine
Phenytoin
Vitamin D
Pediatrics
null
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single
FG, FFG, FFFG....used to describe: (PGI May 2011)
Ans: C (Black gun..) FG, FFG, FFFG.... are used to describe the size of grains of black gunpowder.Gunpowder used in FirearmsBlack PowderQ# It consists of Potassium nitrate 75%, Charcoal 15% & Suiph ur 10% (Pnemonic - PCS in decreasing percentage)# It is designated as FG, FFG, FFFG, etc., depending on size of the grains...
3
Primer
Cartridge
Black gunpowder
Wadding
Forensic Medicine
Injuries by Firearms
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single
The disposable plastic syringes are best sterilized by-
null
2
Formaldehyde
Ethylene oxide
Hexachloride
UV radiation
Microbiology
null
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single
Identification features of oesophagus are all except
Oesophagus is lined by Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium.The oesophagus is covered by an adventitia until it pierces the diaphragm, after which it is covered by a serosa.Oesophagus and duodenum have submucosal glandsThe muscularis externa of the upper third of the oesophagus has mostly skeletal muscle, the...
2
Submucosal glands are present
Lined by Stratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Upper 1/3rd skeletal muscle; Middle 1/3rd mixed fibres and Lower 1/3rd smooth muscle fibres
Tunica adventitia is present
Anatomy
General anatomy
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multi
Which of the following is associated with anti-glomerulal basement membrane antibody ?
Repeated question
3
IgA nephropathy
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Goodpasture's syndrome
Mernbrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis
Pathology
Urinary tract
4562d98c-a3e7-4c8c-b54b-4e3cd19744a5
single
Digitalis produces which of the following changes in ECG ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Prolonged PR interval o There are some characteristic ECG changes by digitalis use, some of which occur at therapeutic concentration and some occurs at toxic level :1. At therapeutic levelo Prolongation of PR intervalo Scooping of ST segment - Also known as digitalis wave or dig sag there is down slop...
4
Tall T waves
ST segment elevation
Prolonged QT interval
Prolonged PR interval
Pharmacology
Digitalis
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multi
A rnultilocular cyst of the jaw is more likely:
null
3
Dental cyst.
Dentigerous cyst.
Keratocyst
Simple bone cyst.
Pathology
null
7638bbe1-9ded-44df-8a27-3c49428f72d4
single
All are true regarding SIADH, except -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Urine hypoosmolar Cardinal features of SIADH include:o Hyponatremia (dilutional hyponatremia with Na+ < 135 m mold).o Decreased plasma osmolality (<280 m osm/kg with inappropriately increased urine osmolality > 150 m osm).o High urine sodium (over 20 meq/l).o Low blood urea Nitrogen <10 mg/L.o Hypouri...
2
Increased level of ADH (AHMS Nov 93)
Urine hvpoosmolar
Hyponatremia
Adequate hydration status
Medicine
Endocrinology
6cdc4d5a-9236-4b5b-a7e6-4c923a22b004
multi
Medial calcification is seen in -
First, see types of arteries Based on their size and structural features, arteries are divided into three types. 1. Large or Elastic arteries Aorta Its large branches, eg. - Innominate, Subclavian, common carotid, iliac. Pulmonary arteries. 2. Medium sized or muscular arteries Small branches of aorta → Coronary, Re...
3
Atherosclerosis
Arteriolosclerosis
Monckeberg's sclerosis
Dissecting aneurysm
Pathology
null
b9fbc85e-59d5-4b42-8870-45a8f5eba164
single
Which of the following is the treatment of choice for cryptococcal meningitis?
Amphotericin B (AMB): Antifungal spectrum AMB is active against a wide range of yeasts and fungi-Candida albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Torulopsis, Rhodotorula, Aspergillus, Sporothrix, etc. Dermatophytes are inhibited in vitro, but concentrati...
4
Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Flucytosine
Amphotericin B
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
bd2a25ae-44da-4f51-9b0c-e581ae6c5309
single
F body is
Ans. (a) Y chromatin(Ref: Emery Genetics)Quinacrine, a fluorescence dye, binds strongly to the Y chromosome forming a bright fluorescent spot (F body). This is clearly visible in stained interphase cells from various tissues from the human male and in mature spermatozoa
1
Y chromatin
X chromatin
Chromosome 1
Chromosome 21
Pathology
Genetics
e2957ada-da8f-47bb-a74f-544a504e07db
single
A 28-year-old woman comes for treatment of hirsutism. She is obese and has facial acne and hirsutism on her face. Serum LH level is 32 mIU/mL and FSH is 9 mIU/mL. Androstenedione and testosterone levels are mildly elevated, but serum DHEAS is normal. The patient does not wish to conceive at this time. Which of the foll...
This patient has PCOS, diagnosed by Clinical picture- Obese, Facial acne and Hirsutism Abnormally High LH-to-FSH ratio, and increased androgens but Normal DHEAS(excludes Adrenal sources of Hyperandrogenism) To treat Hirsutism associated with PCOS:- OC pills suppress hair growth, act by directly suppressing ovarian ster...
1
Oral contraceptives pills
Coicosteroids
GnRH analogue
Wedge resection of ovary
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
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single
The internal anal sphincter is formed by:
Ans: B (Longitudinal muscle fibers) Ref: Grays Anatomy 40th editionExplanation:Internal anal sphincterThe internal anal sphincter is a well-defined ring of obliquely orientated smooth muscle fibers that is continuous with the circular muscle of the rectum, and which terminates at the junction of the superficial and sub...
2
Puborectalis
Circular muscle fibers
Longitudinal muscle fibers
Deep peroneal muscle
Unknown
null
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single
Health education is the responsibility of
null
4
Health educationalist
Doctor
Paramedical staff
Every health worker
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
28bfc6b4-c7ae-46ce-90c1-e3fe755780a2
single
What is the artery labeled with black arrow in the given diagram?
Ans- A . Ref- The central nervous system, like any system of the body, requires constant oxygenation and nourishment. The brain has a particularly high oxygen demand - at rest it represents one fifth of the body's total oxygen consumption. It is also very sensitive to oxygen deprivation, with ischemic cell death result...
1
Posterior communicating artery
Antirior Inferior Cerebellar artery
Superior Cerebellar artery
Basilar artery
Anatomy
Meninges & Blood Vessels of the Brain
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single
All of the following statements about cerebellar astrocytomas in paediatric age group is true, EXCEPT:
Cerebellar Astrocytomas are equally common in males and females and it is a low grade tumor, classified as a WHO grade I tumor. It is most commonly develop during the first two decades of life. Ref: Nelson 18th Edition, Page 2130, 2131; Harrison 17th Edition, Page 2602, 2603, 2604
4
These are usually Low grade tumors
These tumors have a good prognosis
These are more commonly seen in the 1st and 2nd decades
These tumours are more common in females
Pediatrics
null
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multi
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis of the given below condition?
Peutz-Jegher syndrome is characterized  by acral lentigenes (hyperpigmented macules on face and buccal mucosa) with hamartomatous polyps in gastrointestinal tract.
2
Cushing's syndrome
Peutz-Jegher syndrome
Scleroderma
Chronic Clofazimin usage
Dental
null
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single
Systemic adverse effects of long term inhaled steroids are evident only at doses more than ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 600 mcg/day. lRef: KDT Vhle p. 230)Systemic effects of long-term inhaled glucocoicoids are clinically relevant only at doses > 600 mcg/day.The significant ones are-mood changes, osteoporosis, growth retardation in children, bruising, petechiae, hyperglycaemia and pituitary-adrenal suppression; several...
3
200 mcg/day
400 mcg/day
600 mcg/day
800 mcg/day
Pharmacology
null
5d76e00f-d836-4379-843a-b2a902ee1245
single
Which of the following is not a feature of Crohn's disease?
Crohn's disease - Intraabdominal abscess causing spiking fever (High grade with chills & rigor) Hallmark - Fistula formation (Peri-anal fistula) - Fecaluria (Communication between the gut and Bladder; stool will come in urine) -Rectum is spared -MC pa involve is T. ileum -Proctitis- usually a feature of UC. MC pa invol...
4
Spiking fever
Enterovesical fistula/ Fecaluria
Perianal tags
Proctitis
Medicine
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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single
All of the following statements about atrial myxomas are true, except:
* Tumour plop sound is a low pitch sound heard in diastole when the tumour impacts against the opening mitral valve. * Myxomas- present with peripheral or pulmonary emboli or with constitutional signs and symptoms- fever, weight loss, cachexia, Raynaud's phenomenon, hypergammaglobulinemia, anemia, polycythemia, leukocy...
3
Most common site is left atrium
More common in females
Tumor plop in systole
Raynaud phenomenon
Medicine
Murmurs
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multi
Which of the following adaptations will be apt to increase the work capacity at high altitude
If we increase the workload, more oxygen will be required. At high altitudes oxygen is low. So we need to decrease the workload. At the same time, to increase the work capacity, we need to increase the duration of exercise without increasing the load.
3
Increasing workload, decreasing duration of exercise
Increasing workload, increasing duration of exercise
Decreasing workload, increasing duration of exercise
Decreasing workload, decreasing duration of exercise
Physiology
null
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single
A 55 year old female patient has carcinoma ovary with bilateral involvement with ascitic fluid in the abdomen. The stage is:
null
4
II
III
IV
IC
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
cb3d6478-1eb7-4599-82d0-b05d8cb5bf85
single
In which of the following conditions ovaries function normally
Turners syndrome has streak ovaries AIS is a genotypic male 46 XY with testes and a female phenotype (insensitivity to androgens produced by testes) Swyers syndrome is a 46 XY female where the testes are non-functional and hence a default female form is made MRKH is a woman with normal ovaries but no Uterus.
2
Turner s syndrome
Mayer rokitansky kuster hauser
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Sweyer's syndrome
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Mullerian Abnormalities
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multi
True about electroretinogram?
ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY( ERG ): Measures the changes in the resting potential of the eye, induced by the stimulation of the eye with a light stimulus. Components : *'a' wave - Negative wave, representing the activity of Rods and Cones *'b' wave - Positive wave, representing the activity of inner retinal layers. *'c' wave -...
4
a wave is a positive wave
a wave arises from pigment epithelium
b wave arises from rods and cones
c wave is a positive wave
Ophthalmology
Optics and refraction
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multi
Which of the following statement is true about colostrum? 1. Secreted after 11 days of childbih 2. Rich in Immunoglobulin 3. Contains more protein than milk 4. Contains less fat than milk 5. Daily secretion is about 10ml/day
Colostrum is very rich in proteins, vitamin A and sodium chloride, but contains lower amounts of carbohydrates, lipids, and potassium than normal milk. Colostrum contains immunoglobulins such as IgA, IgG, and IgM.
2
1,2,3 False & 4,5 True
2,3,4 True & 1,5 False
2,3,4 False & 1,5 True
1,2,4 True & 3,5 False
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
8eb295b6-dd0a-4106-8255-d1174793e2c9
multi
The type of suture represented by sagittal suture of the cranial vault is
The joints in the skull are mostly sutures. Various types of sutures in the skull are, Plane suture - Eg. Internasal suture, mid palatal suture. Serrated suture - Eg. Sagittal and coronal suture (interparietal suture). Denticulate suture - Tooth like projections. Eg. Lambdoid suture. Squamous suture - Eg. Parieto-temp...
1
Serrate
Denticulate
Squamous
Plane
Anatomy
null
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single
Arrange the following in sequence occurring in fed state 1. Insulin 2. GLUT-2 3. Uptake of glucose by skeletal muscles 4. GLUT-4
During Fed state GLUT-2 = Insulin = GLUT-4 = Uptake of glucose by skeletal muscles
3
2-1-3-4
4-2-3-1
2-1-4-3
1-3-4-2
Biochemistry
Fuel in Fed, Fasting and Starvation
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single
Dissemination of toxoplasma is :
Blood
1
Blood
Faeces
Urine
None of the above
Microbiology
null
418f15eb-c457-4565-a5fa-25fd17ec52d2
multi
Why is Covid-19 a major global concern despite the propey of influenza to spread faster than Covid-19 ?
Influenza Covid-19 Median incubation period 2 days 5.5 days Serial interval 3 days 5-6 days Moality 0.1% 3% Though Influenza spreads faster than covid 19 but moality and reproductive number is higher for covid-19 due to which it is a disease of global concern . Reproductive number- No. of secondary infections generated...
2
Median incubation period is more in influenza
Reproductive number for covid-19 is 2-2.5
Serial interval is 5-6 days in influenza
Reproductive number for Influenza is more
Medicine
viral infection
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single
Chloroquine acts on -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Blood schizont o Chloroquine is highly effective blood schizontocide.
2
Merozoites
Blood schizont
Tissue schiont
Gametocytes
Pharmacology
null
ad0ab14c-d7a1-48ca-a6c7-15ea24c5dc3c
single
About infective endocarditis (IE), the following is false:
Osler's Nodes are seen in the pulp of fingers.
3
Duke’s criteria is used to diagnose IE
Libman Sack’s endocarditis is seen in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Osler’s nodes are seen at the occiput and pressure bearing areas
Janeway lesions are present on the skin
Medicine
null
323cebdc-1b1a-4fa0-840a-f45c883ee0f5
multi
Senescent RBC&;s are mainly attcked in -
Plasmodium malariae causes quaan malaria, in which febrile paroxysms occur every fouh day, with 72 hours' interval between the bouts. The disease is generally mild, but is notorious for its long persistence in circulation in undetectable levels, for 50 years or more.The sporozoites are relatively thick. Pre-erythrocyti...
4
Vivax malaria
Ovale malaria
Falciparum malaria
Quaan
Microbiology
parasitology
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single
An increased incidence of pancreatitis is associated with all of the following except?
Ans- (d) HypertensionRef: Robbings pathology 9th ed. /884-86* Acute pancreatitis is seen chiefly in males after age 40 and often associated with obesity and alcoholism.* In about 50 percent of the cases, gallstones are also present.* Pancreatitis occurs in about 10 percent of cases of hyperparathyroidism* Long term Thi...
4
Alcoholism
Cholelithiasis
Chlorothiazide therapy
Hypertension
Pathology
G.I.T.
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multi
Distance of distant direct ophthalmoscopy is: March 2013 (a, b, c, d, g, h)
Ans. A i.e. 22 cm Distant direct ophthalmoscopy Used to get a preliminary idea about the status of the ocular media and fundu This should be done routinely before doing a direct ophthalmoscopy Equipment needed - self illuminated ophthalmoscope or plane mirror with a hole in centre Procedure Should be performed in a sem...
1
22 cm
50 cm
75 cm
100 cm
Ophthalmology
null
0fff6189-1b16-4193-8f91-1809e1022f0f
single
Mannitol decreases the intraocular pressure by ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Withdrawing water from vitreous By osmotic action mannitol encourages movement of water from aqueous humour --> decrease. Mannitol is used in angle closure (narrow angle, acute congestive) glaucoma. Treatment of acute congestive glaucoma o Definitive therapy is surgery (laser iridotomy) Drugs are used...
1
Withdrawing water from vitreous
Increasing uveoscleral outflow
Increasing aqueous through trabecular meshwork
Inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body
Pharmacology
null
97588d92-bd0a-4cb4-b493-cab9241cc45f
single
Time sector scanning of neonates is preferred for the following reason ?
Time sector scanning of neonates is preferred because of the practical reason the open fontanelle serve as acoustic windows. Best results are obtained with a high-frequency phased array transducer (5-8 MHz) with a small footprint probe. Additional information : Neurosonography stas with gray-scale imaging performed the...
1
Open fontanelles
Inexpensive
Children more co-operative
Better resolution
Radiology
Fundamentals in Radiology
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single
Which of the following is a feature of congenital glaucoma?
Trabeculodysgenesis is the main pathogenesis for congenital glaucoma. Pathogenesis of Congenital Glaucoma Pathogenesis: Abnormal development of angle (trabeculodysgenesis) (Berkens Membrane). Flat iris inseion. Haab's stria : Horizontal Stria present in glaucoma. - Classical triad of lacrimation, photophobia & blepharo...
3
Angle closure glaucoma
Open angle glaucoma
Trabeculodysgenesis
Inflammatory glaucoma
Ophthalmology
Glaucoma
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single
Transovarian transmission of infection occurs in -
Ticks transmit disease by biting (larva and nymph also by biting) - Trans-stadially Experiments in ticks have shown trans-ovarian transmission of infection through successive generations. REF: PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE, 25TH EDITION, PG NO. 840
2
Fleas
Ticks
Mosquitoes
Sandfly
Social & Preventive Medicine
Environment and health
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single
Ramu presents with recurrent attacks of cholelithiasis, USG examination shows dilated CBD of 1 cm. The next line of management is
ERCP Endoscopic clearance of CBD stones can avoid the need for an open operation if expeise in laparoscopic common bile duct exploration is not available Indications of preoperative ERCP Patients with worsening cholangitis Ampullaru stone impaction Biliary pancreatitis Cirrhosis Contraindications of endoscopic sphincte...
1
ERCP
PTC
Cholecystostomy
Intravenous cholangiogram
Anatomy
G.I.T
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single
Philadelphia chromosome is an example of -
null
1
Balanced translocation
Deletion
Non-dysjunction
Duplication
Pathology
null
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single
All of the following are employed to evaluate a case of heterophoria except:
Ans. Alternate cover test
2
Maddox-rod test
Alternate cover test
Measurement of fusional reserve
Measurement of near point of convergence
Ophthalmology
null
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multi
Which complex of ETC reacts directly with O2?
Complex IV: Cyt-c Oxidase The system functions: * As proton pump * Catalyses transfer of electrons to molecular O2 to form H2O. This is the terminal component of ETC. It catalyses the transfer of electrons from Cyt-c to molecular O2 Cyt-a, Cu++ ions and Cyt-a3.Ref: MN Chatterjea Textbook of Medical Biochemistry, 8th ed...
4
I
II
III
IV
Biochemistry
Respiratory chain
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single
The most impoant single function of World Health Organization is?
WHO : Established in 1945. Constitution came into force on 7th April 1948. Hence, 7th April is WORLD HEALTH DAY. Head quaers is located in GENEVA. WHD 2018,2019 Theme is Universal health coverage. WHO's most impoant single function is to promote and suppo national health policy development and the development of compre...
2
Prevention and control of specific diseases
Development of comprehensive health services
Health literature & Information
Biomedical research
Social & Preventive Medicine
International health agencies
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single
Pituitary secretes all hormones except ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Thyroxine
4
GH
Prolactin
Oxytocin
Thyroxine
Unknown
null
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multi
The least radiosensitive tissue is:
Ans. Nervous tissue
1
Nervous tissue
Bone
Kidney
Thyroid
Radiology
null
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single
Which of the following is determined by measuring sciatic notch index in a skeleton?
Sciatic notch index is a trait used for differentiating sex by measuring sciatic notch. Formula is, Sciatic notch index = (width of sciatic notch/depth of sciatic notch) * 100 It is normally 4-5 in males and 5-6 in females Ref: Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by Narayan Reddy, 27th edition, Page 56.
2
Determination of age
Identification of sex
Determination of race
Cause of death
Forensic Medicine
null
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single
A two year old male child was given 8 days of cefaclor of a 10 days course. The child develops low grade fever, malaise lymphadenopathy, irritability, generalized erythematous rash which are mildly pruritic. Most probable diagnosis is
Type 3 hypersensitivity (Repeat)
4
Kawasaki disease
Paially treated meningitis
Infectious mononucleosis
Type 3 hypersensitivity
Surgery
null
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multi
Not involved in damage to cerebellum:March 2010
Ans. C: AstheniaSigns of Cerebellar DisordersAtaxia, Reeling, wide-based gait- decomposition of movements, Inability to correctly sequence fine, coordinated actsDysahria-Inability to aiculate words correctly, with slurring and inappropriate phrasingDysdiadochokinesia-Inability to perform rapid alternating movementsDysm...
3
Posture
Equilibrium
Asthenia
Tone
Anatomy
null
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single
Game keepers thumb is -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament ruptureo Injury to the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament is commonly referred to as gamekeeper thumb orskierfs thumb, although the original "gamekeeper" description (Campbell, 1955) referred to an attritional ulnar colla...
1
Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament rupture
Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint radial collateral ligament rupture
Thumb interphalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament rupture
Thumb interphalangeal joint radial collateral ligament rupture
Orthopaedics
Injuries of the Wrist
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single
Right esotropia is evident with ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Left lateral rectus paralysis
1
Left lateral rectus paralysis
Right lateral rectus paralysis
Left medial rectus paralysis
Right medial rectus paralysis
Ophthalmology
null
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single
Candida is most often implicated in causation -(
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Thrush
4
Conjunctivitis
Tinea capitis
Dese rheumatism
Thrush
Microbiology
null
e212ab04-3a55-4284-8023-2ee77647ff8e
single
Oral pills may prevent the development of: March 2011
Ans. B: Ovarian malignancy Combined oral pills reduce the incidence of functional ovarian cysts (50%) and ovarian and uterine malignancy The incidence of ovarian cancer is reduced by 40% OCP: They are contraceptive agent of choice in: - Newly married - Post aboal - Post paum non-lactating OCP of choice in lactating mot...
2
Carcinoma breast
Ovarian malignancy
Submucus fibroid
All of the above
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
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multi
Sorghum contains excess of
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Leucine o Jowar (Sorghum) contains excess of leucine which can cause niacine deficiency and pellagra.
3
Lycine
Arginine
Leucine
Histidine
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
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single
Transport of molecules in simple diffusion is not determined by:
Ref: Pal GK. Transport across Cel! membrane. In: Textbook of medical physiology. 2""' ed. Abuja publishing house. 2011: 4: 32,33.Explanation:Permeability of substances across the membrane is decided by1. Lipid - solubility2. Molecular size3. Charge of the molecule4. Temperature5. Distribution of channels in the membran...
1
ATP usage
Size of molecule
Lipid solubility
Number of channels
Physiology
Nervous System
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single
Campbell line is seen in X-ray of following projection
null
4
Transcranial
Transorbital
Transpharyngeal
Occipitomental
Surgery
null
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single
A wave in JVP is due to-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Atrial contraction JUGULAR VENOUS PULSEa waveIt is the positive presystolic wave produced by right atrial contraction.x descenta wave is followed by the negative systolic wave the x ' descent. The x descent is produced due to atrial relaxation. The atrial relaxation is produced as a result of ventricu...
1
Atrial contraction
Ventricular filling
Atrial filling
Bulging of tricuspid valve in right atrium
Physiology
Heart, Circulation, and Blood
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single
A patient after giving inhalational anaestheia developed fulminant hepatitis, patient was exposed to same drug previously. Which is the drug
The first modern halogenated volatile anesthetic, halothane, was introduced in 1955. Clinical exposure to halothane is associated with two distinct types of hepatic injury. Subclinical hepatotoxicity occurs in 20% of adults who receive halothane. It is characterized by mild postoperative elevations in alanine aminotran...
1
Halothane
N20
Enflurane
Isoflurane
Anaesthesia
General anaesthesia
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single
In which case lymph nodes are resected prophylactically -
Ans is 'a' ie Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft tissue sarcomas metastasises through blood to lung (MC) & liver but lymphatic metastasis is very rare. Still some sarcomas metastasize to lymph nodes. Prophylactic resection is required in them along with resection of the tumor. "Rhabdomyosarcoma a tumor of striated muscle,...
1
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Liposarcoma
Fibrosarcoma
Neurofibroma
Surgery
null
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multi
Which of the following features indicates the presence of heart disease in pregnancy and which is not seen in normal pregnancy?
Ans. is b, i.e. Distended neck veinsRef. Williams Obs. 22/e, p 1019, 23/e, p 960, Dutta Obs. 7/e, p 275Many of the physiological adaptations of normal pregnancy and physical findings resemble heart disease symptoms and signs, making the diagnosis of heart disease more difficult.For example, in normal pregnancy, functio...
2
Exertional dyspnea
Distended neck veins
Systemic hypotension
Pedal edema
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Medical & Surgical Illness Complication Pregnancy
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Early movement for surgery following ankylosis is
null
2
Harmful
Desirable
Unimportant
Indicated only when ankylosis is one sided
Surgery
null
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single
Which of the following is preferred in treating opioid induced constipation
Alvimopan is a peripheral opioid antagonist used against opioid induced constipation.
3
Linaclotide
Lubipristone
Alvimopan
Prucalopride
Pharmacology
null
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single
Distance of distant direct ophthalmoscopy:
Distant Direct Ophthalmoscopy Distance at which DDO performed is 25cm done with direct ophthalmoscope. contains light source viewing window. Normally red glow seen Interpretations Red glow= healthy retina Grey glow = Retinal Detachment No glow = vitreous haemorrhage Black spot in centre = cataract or corneal opacity GO...
1
25 cms
50 cms
75 cms
100 cms
Ophthalmology
Optics and Errors of Refraction
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single
For knowing the acute adverse effects of a drug, the drug micro doses should be tested on:
Ans. (a) Two different speciesType of TestApproachAcute toxicityDefined as dose that is lethal in approximately 50% of animals and is maximum tolerated dose.It requires usually two species, two routes, single dose.Subacute toxicityIt requires three doses and two species. 4 weeks to 3 months may be necessary prior to cl...
1
Two different species
On rabbit, one rodent
Two rabbits
Two rodents
Pharmacology
Clinical Trials
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single
A patient undergoing surgery suddenly develops hypotension. The monitor shows that the end tidal CO2 has decreased abruptly by 155mm Hg. What is the probable diagnosis?
Ans. is 'b' i.e. pulmonary embolism Ref: Miller's anesthesia 5th/e p1276First what is end tidal CO2The air exhaled during normal respiration initially consists of the dead space. Then a mixture of dead space air plus alveolar air comes out. The air coming out at the end consists purely of alveolar air.Measurement of co...
2
Hypothermia
Pulmonary embolism
Massive fluid deficit
Myocardial depression due to anaesthetic agent
Surgery
Heart & Pericardium
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single
A new born baby with acute respiratory distress on day 1. X Ray chest PA view showed neumerous gas luscencies in entire left hemithorax, most likely diagnosis is
C i.e. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Left sided & whole lung involvementQ points towards diagnosis of Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Cong. cystic .adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) and Congenital lobar emphysema all can present with multicystic Contralateral mediastinal shift & respiratory distress.
3
Congenital lobar Emphysema
Pneumatocoel hernia
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Congenital lung cyst
Radiology
null
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single
Best marker for GIST is
Diagnostic markers GISTs and cajal cells express c-KIT (also known as CD117) and CD34. Most useful diagnostic marker is c-KIT and immunohistochemically detected in 95% of gastric GISTs GENERAL AND SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY RAMDAS NAYAK FIRST EDITION PAGE 390
1
CD117
DOG 1
CD 34
CD 43
Pathology
G.I.T
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single
Main risk in fracture Scaphoid is:
D i.e. Avascular necrosis
4
Non union
Malunion
Delayed union
Avascular necrosis
Surgery
null
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single
Alkaline phosphatase contains
ALP is a nonspecific enzyme which hydrolyzes aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic compounds. the pH optimum for the enzyme reaction is between 9 and 10.it is activated by magnesium and manganese. zinc is a constituent ion of ALP.Ref: DM Vasudevan Biochemistry, page no: 305
2
Cobalt
Zinc
Iron
Copper
Biochemistry
Enzymes
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single
True about Merkel cells
Merkel cells They are slow-adapting mechanoreceptors found in fingeips, lips, oral cavity, and hair follicle. 1) Found in stratum basale; communicate with neurons 2) CK20+ in perinuclear dot pattern sensitive/ specific for Merkel cells; also (+) for neurofilaments, S100, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, vasoactive intest...
4
Slow adapting Touch receptors
Located in Stratum Basale
Derived from Ectoderm
All of the above
Dental
Anatomy of skin
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multi
A patient is referred to the neurologist because of ataxia. Neurological examination reveals a loss of proprioception and a wide-based, slapping gate. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals degeneration of the dorsal columns and dorsal roots of the spinal cord. Which of the following organisms is most likely to have caused...
The findings described are those of tabes dorsalis, a form of teiary syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum. Tabes dorsalis, and other forms of teiary syphilis, are now uncommon in this country, possibly because the common use of antibiotics may "treat" many unsuspected cases of syphilis. Haemophilus influenzae and Neis...
4
Haemophilus influenzae
Herpes simplex I
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Treponema pallidum
Microbiology
null
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multi
Lymph flow is increased by all except
Any factor that increases interstitial fluid pressure also increases lymph flow if the lymph vessels are functioning normally. Such factors include the following: * Elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure * Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure * Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure * Increased per...
4
Increased vascular permeability
Decreased capillary osmotic pressure
Increase in interstitial fluid
Decreased interstitial osmotic pressure
Physiology
Cardiovascular system
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multi
Which of the following is not expected in a case of Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia:
Answer is B (Reduced Total RBC distribution width Microcytic Hypochromic Anemias are typically associated with a Normal or High Red Cell Distribution Width Condition Test (normal values) Iron deficiency Thalassemia Sideroblastic anemia Anemia of chronic disease Smear Microcytic (MCV<80) Microcytic hypochromic Microcyti...
2
Reduced serum Iron
Reduced Total RBC distribution Width
Normal Ferritin levels
Increased TIBC
Medicine
null
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single
True about anaesthesia breathing circuit is
Cylinders -High pressure system Pipelines -Intermediate pressure system Oxygen Flush delivers 30 to 75lts and it is a pa of intermediate pressure system
1
Cylinder is a pa of high pressure system
Oxygen flush delivers less than 35 litres
Oxygen flush delivers more than 135 litres
Pipelines is a pa of low pressure system
Anaesthesia
Anaesthetic equipments
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multi
Edema is due to
null
2
Increased albumin in blood and decreased globin
Decreased albumin conc. in blood
Increased osmotic pressure
None of the above
Pathology
null
3ab4f0c8-c177-4380-8372-a1ff7e34896d
multi
Widening of intercondylar notch of femur is seen in
null
3
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Hemophiliac Artheopathy
Charcot's joint
Orthopaedics
null
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single
Type-II error is
In statistical hypothesis testing a type I error is the rejection of a true null hypothesis (also known as a "false positive" finding or conclusion), while a type II error is the non-rejection of a false null hypothesis (also known as a "false negative" finding or conclusion). Much of statistical theory revolves around...
4
Rejecting true null hypothesis
Rejecting false null hypothesis
Accepting true null hypothesis
Accepting false null hypothesis
Social & Preventive Medicine
Biostatistics
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multi
A college student is surprised one morning by painful urination and a cream-colored exudate. Any person who acquires the gram-negative microbe that causes this infection is most likely to have acquired it via which of the following?
The respiratory tract is a common portal of entry to such airborne organisms as M. tuberculosis. This is why respiratory precautions must be taken when patients are harboring viable M. tuberculosis. The GI tract is usually infected from ingestion of contaminated food or water (Shigella, Salmonella, and Campylobacter) o...
2
GI tract
Genitourinary tract
Nasal tract
Respiratory tract
Microbiology
Bacteria
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single
Most teratogenic in pregnancy
Valproate is the most teratogenic, phenytoin also isn't safe. Phenobarbitone, lamotrigine, topiramate are relatively safe drugs but 4mg folic acid is required per day. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed.
2
Phenytoin
Valproate
Barbiturate
Ethosuximide
Pharmacology
Central Nervous system
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single
. Peutz Jeghers polyps present most commonly in
Jejunum [Ref: Oxford textbook of medicine: Sections 18-33, Volume 3 By David A. Warrell 2005/e p6431 Oxford textbook of medicine writes- "The syndrome stigmata are obvious with multiple pigmented spots on the lips and buccal mucosa, and multiple benign hamaomatous polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract, most freq...
4
Rectum
Colon
Esophagus
Jejunum
Surgery
null
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single
True about anthropoid pelvis, sacrosciatic notch is :
Wide and shallow
1
Wide and shallow
Wide and deep
Narrow and shallow
Narrow and deep
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
8f5e4dac-97a9-4e2b-bf88-dacb300241ef
multi
For foreign body causing sudden choking, most appropriate first line of management is?
ANSWER: (B) Heimlich maneuverREF: Dhingras 4th ed p. 257Management of Laryngeal foreign body:A large bolus of food/ foreign body obstructed above the cords may make the patient totally aphonic, unable to cry for help. He may die of asphyxia unless immediate first aid measures are taken.H eimlichJs maneuvers: S udden th...
2
Tracheostomy
Heimlich maneuver
Airway insertion
Laryngoscopy
Anaesthesia
Fundamental Concepts
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single
The following statements are related to occipito posterior except
In more than 50% the occipito posterior position is associated with either anthrapoid or android pelvis
2
Malrotation of occiput may cause occipito sacral arrest
10% cases are associated with anthrapoid or android pelvis
Incomplete forward rotation of occiput may cause deep transverse arrest
Non rotation of occiput may cause are associated
Anatomy
Abnormal labor
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multi
Basal ganglia is involved in which types of memory
Procedural memory is required to do normal activities and it is from basal ganglia that the impulses for this arise. Therefore basal ganglia are involved in planning and programming of movements there fore is the site for procedural memory. Ganongs review of medical physiology; 23rd edition; pg:251.
2
Conditioning
Procedural memory
Explicit memory
None
Physiology
Nervous system
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multi