question
stringlengths
1
1.57k
exp
stringlengths
1
22.5k
cop
int64
1
4
opa
stringlengths
1
287
opb
stringlengths
1
287
opc
stringlengths
1
286
opd
stringlengths
1
301
subject_name
stringclasses
21 values
topic_name
stringlengths
3
135
id
stringlengths
36
36
choice_type
stringclasses
2 values
HbA2 is -
Human Hb exists in a number of types which differ slightly in the structure of their globin moiety. HbA2 is minor Hb in the adult red cell with structural formula alpha 2 delta 2.Alpha with 141 aminoacid and delta with 146 aminoacids.It is present in very small amounts at bih and reaches adult level during first year o...
4
Alhpa2Beta2
Alpha 2 Gamma 2
Beta 2 Gamma 2
Alpha 2 Delta 2
Pathology
Haematology
adafe901-7ce4-42e8-bfbc-2c8a4fa71ad4
single
Randomization is best done by
C. i.e. (Random number table) (77 - Park 19th) (78- Park 20th)RANDOMIZATION - is a statistical procedure by which the participants are allocated into groups usually called "Study" and "Control" groups, to receive or not to receive an experimental preventive or therapeutic procedure, manoeuvre or intervention* Randomiza...
3
Lottery system
Computer system
Random number tables
All of the above
Social & Preventive Medicine
Epidemiology
ad0abef1-b65e-43f7-a7e2-a96e22f170f1
multi
Pleural mesothelioma is associated with-
Malignant mesothelioma of pleura Malignant mesothelioma in the thorax arise from either the visceral or the parietal pleura. It is associated with exposure to asbestos. Simian virus 40 (SV40) viral DNA has also been associated with malignant mesothelioma. Morphology Malignant mesothelioma is a diffuse lesion that ...
1
Asbestosis
Berylliosis
Silicosis
Bagassosis
Pathology
null
de3c73c2-d346-4637-8f1a-768b3f43ca78
single
Vitamin for which only animal source is available is:-
- Vitamin B12/Cyanocobalamine is only obtainable through animal sources, therefore strict vegetarians develop B12 deficiency. - Vit B12 deficiency leads to :- Megaloblastic anemia Peripheral neuritis SCDSC Infeility Atrophic glossitis Peripheral neuropathy.
3
Vitamin B1
Vitamin B2
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Social & Preventive Medicine
Vitamins and Nutritional Deficiencies
31c0700b-5517-4e59-94aa-662fbfe01cf2
single
Which of the following enzymes is deficient in Niemann- Pick disease?
Ans.c (Sphingomyelinase) (Ref. Harper Biochemistry, 26th ed. 203; Table 24-1; OP Ghai 6th ed. 542, 616) SphingolipidosesInheritanceEnzyme DeficientCNS InvolvementVisceral Involvement1Fabry diseaseXLRAlpha-Galactosidase_+2Krabbe's diseaseARBeta-Galactosidase++3Farber diseaseARCeramidase+/--4Gaucher diseaseARBeta-Glucosi...
3
Aryl sulfatase
Glucose-6-phosphatase
Sphingomyelinase
Beta glucosidase
Biochemistry
Carbohydrates
a2c4c5a0-1839-4f36-9e5f-63d4312a3b61
single
Coombs test is
Agglutination test:-insoluble antigen +antibody=clumps. Principle-When sera containingantibodies are mixed with antigen coated red cells, the antibody globulin coats the surface of the erythrocytes,though they are not agglutinated. When such erythrocytes coated with the antibody globulin are washednfree of all unattach...
2
Precipitation test
Agglutination test
CFT
Neutrilization test
Microbiology
Immunology Pa 1 (Immune Response, Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Hypersensitivity, Structure of Immune System, Immunodeficiency Disorders)
cee7dbb4-251c-4918-b77c-191f8973ebc7
single
The most favoured treatment for a pelvic abscess in cul-de-sac is -
null
2
Laparotomy
Colpotomy
External I & D
Antibiotics
Surgery
null
1fee94ef-3b52-46a8-9289-8d974ef4dcee
single
Which of the following is a zoonotic disease -
- zoonoses have been defined as those disease and infection which are naturally transmitted between veebrate animals and man. - hydatid disease is a zoonotic disease of man . It is caused in man by the metacystode stage of the canine intestinal tapeworm, Echinococcus. The adult worms are found in dogs and other carnivo...
1
Hydatid cyst
Malaria
Filariasis
Dengue fever
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable diseases
c0dc18dd-7d50-4b8a-ab7a-b6232880ef66
single
Gene for folate carrier protein located on ?
Chromosome 21 [Ref: www.ihop netorgiunipub/ihopigi92248.htmll Transpo of folate compounds Folk acid transpo * Chromosome location ----> 21 q 223. * Gene name --> SLCI9AI solute carrier family 19 (folate transpoer), member * Gene product/function --> Transpoer for the iniake of folate. Transpo of folate occurs by novel ...
3
Chromosome 10
Chromosome 5
Chromosome 21
Chromosome 9
Pathology
null
7ee5751f-d2fc-4dc0-8432-ca16c6e68499
single
Ramu, 15 yrs of age presents with haemorrhage 5 hrs after tonsillectomy. Treatment of choice is
Ans. is 'd' i.e Reopen immediately Post tonsillectomy haemorrhages can be of two types :Primary or reactionary- occurs with in a few hrs of the operation (by definition within 24 hrs)Secondary haemorrhage- usually seen between 5th to 10th post - op dayIt is due to infection.*MxPrimary - return to the operation theatre ...
4
External gauze packing
Antibiotics & mouth wash
Irrigation with saline
Reopen immediately
ENT
Ear
ecaae7ce-199c-4370-b258-db301154f392
single
Which of the following statement is false regarding phenobarbitone?
Phenobarbitone induces metabolism of warfarin BARBITURATES Phenobarbitone and primidone act as anticonvulsant drugs due to GABA mimetic as well as GABA facilitatory propeies. These drugs increase the duration of opening of chloride channels. These drugs are useful in generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS) and paial s...
4
It acts primarily at the GABA: BZD receptor -chloride ion channel complex
It can cross the placenta
Contra-indicated in Acute intermittent porphyria
It has no significant drug interactions with warfarin
Pharmacology
Sedative-Hypnotics and Parkinsonism
fa0a30db-d4aa-41c8-af79-0beb3874bb35
multi
7 years old child presents with a lesion in upper tibia. X ray shows radioluscent area with Codmans triangle and Sunray appearance. Diagnosis is
Sunray (sunburst) appearance and Codmans triangle ***typical freatures of Osteosarcoma ***may also be seen in Ewings sarcoma, osteomyelitis onion peel apperacne ***typical feature of Ewings sarcoma ***May also be seen in Osteosarcoma, and osteomyelitis Refer Maheshwari 9th/e p 240.
2
Ewing sarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Osteoid Osteoma
Chondrosarcoma
Anatomy
null
9efa91c8-449e-4e66-8465-9ec409dbe165
single
Invasive carcinoma differs from carcinoma in situ by: March 2005
Ans. C: Breached basement membrane Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is an early form of carcinoma. When dysplastic changes are marked and involves the entire thickness of the epithelium but the leasion remains confined by the basement membrane, it is referred to as carcinoma in situ. Once the tumour cells breach the basement me...
3
Abnormal nuclear morphology
Pleomorphism
Breached basement membrane
Mitoses
Pathology
null
f6a0fc8b-8811-490b-9736-9265a4aa2d7d
single
A 40 year old diabetic presents with blackish nasal discharge and a mass in the nose, likely diagnosis is:
Mucomycosis is an oppounistic infection which is, common in diabetics, presenting with blackish nasal discharge.
1
Mucormycosis
Actinomycosis
Rhinosporiodosis
Histoplasmosis
ENT
null
794cd01b-d91f-47b9-9302-3daf81d48770
single
True about Arterioles is
Arterioles regulate the distribution of blood flow by altering their diameter to increase or decrease the peripheral resistance as required.
1
Resistance
Exchange
Reservoir
Pressure
Physiology
null
349b1180-48b3-477f-9e2e-6548ae6293dd
multi
Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) can be best detected by:
Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy helps in improved visualization of neuroendocrine tumors. Octreoscan utilizes a somatostatin analogue In 111 labelled diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid octreotide to visualize somatostatin receptor-positive tumors. When compared to CT or MRI octreoscan detects additional metastasis...
4
PET scan
HRCT scan
MRI
Radionuclide scan
Radiology
null
5196b904-bd40-4ddd-82a9-b10feb0b0fb7
single
All of the following statements about Miliary Tuberculosis are true Except:
Answer is D (Monotoux is always positive): 120. Montoux test is not always positive in cases of Miliary Tuberculosis. It may be negative /non reactive as a result of anergy. Miliary Tuberculosis max' occur following primary infection and secondary reactivation Miliary tuberculosis is due to hematogenous dissemination o...
4
May occur following primary infection
May occur following secondary reactivation
Sputum microscopy is usually negative
Montoux is always positive
Medicine
null
7bf5a8f0-3832-478b-b722-942e4bc23720
multi
With increased flow to loop of Henle, decreased in GFR is by ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Tubulo-glomerular feedback Autoregulation of GFRThe GFR is normally well autoregulated in the range of 70-180 mm Hg of systemic pressure. Feedback mechanisms intrinsic to the kidney normally keep the renal blood flow and GFR relatively constant, despite marked changes in aerial blood pressure. The rel...
3
Countercurrent exchanger
Glomerulotubular balance
Tubulo-glomerular feedback
Countercurrent multiplier
Physiology
null
9fc266e8-395c-4382-953c-d44a91acf98c
single
The most common site of esophageal adenocarcinoma is:
Answer is C (Lower 1/3rd) The most common site of adenocarcinoma esophagus is the lower 1/3rd of esophagus Esophageal Adenocarcinoma invariably arises from Barret's esophagus (Barret's ulcer) which is characteristically located in the distal esophagus around the gastroesophageal junction.
3
Upper 1/3rd
Middle 1/3rd
Lower 1/3rd
Upper 2/3rd
Medicine
null
e2995392-383d-4293-b05d-0e01e24cb42c
single
Wheal and Flare reaction is which type of Hypersensitivity?
ANSWER: (A) Type IREF: APPENDIX-21 below for "HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS"Wheal-and-flare reaction: (Stedman s Medical Dictionary)The characteristic immediate reaction to an injected allergen in a skin test, in which an irregular blanched wheal, appears surrounded by an area of redness. Also called as wheal and erythema...
1
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Microbiology
Immunology
ec007111-1f1e-44f4-a9d3-87953ed0ab57
single
Which of the folio wing is not a pox virus-
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Chicken pox fRef: Ananthnaravan 9th/e p. 461 & 8th/e p. 4611Poxviruses causing disease in humanso Variola (small pox )o Vacciniao ButTalopoxo Monkeypoxo Cowpoxo Orfo Molluscum contagiosumo Tanapoxo Chicken pox is caused by varicella - zoster virus, which is a herpes virus.
4
Cow pox
Molluscum contagiosum
Smallpox
Chicken pox
Microbiology
Poxviruses
202b633f-3a21-41d3-a29c-ca03c0c29829
multi
Colipase acts with:
Pancreatic juice contains lipase, colipase, phospholipase A & B Colipase: Facilitates the action of lipase Prevents inactivation of lipase by bile salts
2
Lipoprotein lipase
Pancreatic lipase
Gastric lipase
Salivary lipase
Physiology
Gastrointestinal System
ce5578d7-703c-4f47-afcf-43064ce75f6c
single
The normal value of P50 on the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve in an adult is
Adult Hb- 50% saturation at PO2 of 26mmHg. 1mmHg= 0.133 KPa 26mmHg= 0.133 X 26 = 3.45
3
1.8 kPa
2.7 kPa
3.6 kPa
4.5 kPa
Physiology
null
8e2cd6c4-717b-44c4-8962-3df7bb54273e
single
Confirmation of appendicitis
The classical features of acute appendicitis begin with poorly localised colicky abdominal pain.Central abdominal pain is associated with anorexia, nausea and usually one or two episodes of vomiting that follow the onset of pain (Murphy). Anorexia is a useful and constant clinical feature, paicularly in children. The p...
1
Clinical examination
USG abdomen
X-ray abdomen
Raised TLC\/DLC
Surgery
G.I.T
d6cb4741-0918-4056-9783-976d80ae9124
single
Which of the following substances is a growth factor that is capable of inducing all the steps necessary for angiogenesis?
Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) * Growth factors are chemicals that are associated with cell growth. For example, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) can induce the growth and proliferation of fibroblasts. * Additionally, one type of FGF, basic FGF, is capable of inducing all of the stages of angiogenesis (basement mem...
4
. EGF
TGF -a
PDGF
Basic fibroblasts growth factor
Surgery
null
da577669-5bea-451e-8d75-901026be3491
multi
The postmarketing trial comes under
There are 4 phases of a clinical trial. Once the drug is released into market pharmacovigilance is done - comes under phase 4 of drug trial to asses the safety, cost effectiveness of the drug once marketed Ref: K.D.Tripati.7th ed. Pg 82-83
4
Phase 1 clinical trial
Preclinical trial
Phase 3 clinical trial
Phase 4 clinical trial
Pharmacology
General pharmacology
f6d5364f-40a1-4ce8-8070-c22653c5b8f0
single
In case of hepatic porphyria the safe anti convulsant-
null
4
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Valparate
Paraldehyde
Medicine
null
d224dd52-40b4-4c72-b395-ae7bf6b4170c
single
All are complications of ileal resection EXCEPT: March 2004
Ans. B i.e. Iron deficiency anemia Iron deficiency can result from 1) dietary lack, 2) impaired absorption, 3) increased requirement, or (most impoantly) 4) chronic blood loss.
2
Megaloblastic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Gastric hypeension
Malabsorption syndrome
Pathology
null
cc5fd1c2-46dc-4329-afe2-84f55c6b69b7
multi
Annerix V on non permeable cell is indicative of
Ref, Robbins 8/ep27,9/ep56 Apoptotic cells express phosphatidylserine in the outer layers of their plasma membrane.This phospholipids move out from the inner layer where it is recognised by number of receptors on the phagocytes.
1
Apoptosis
Necrosis
Cell entering replication phase
Cell cycle arrest
Anatomy
General anatomy
e659e4f4-cd09-4a55-a982-dfa8e6ce4dd7
single
Heating at 60degC for 30 minute would isolate:
Enterococci
2
Staphylococci
Enterococci
Micrococci
Streptococci
Microbiology
null
11ef387e-0915-44da-ad00-3a640e4ffc8d
single
A neonate is note to have an abnormally shaped face with a very small jaw. On examination he has systolic murmur. Several hours after bih, the baby develops convulsions and tetany. Serum chemistries show Sodium 40mEq/L Potassium 4mEq/L Chloride 100mEq/L Bicarbonate 24mEq/ L Magnesium 2mEq/L Calcium 5mEq/dL Glucose 100m...
Dysmophic features with low calcium and murmur point towards DiGeorge syndrome. Features can be summarized using the mnemonic CATCH-22 to describe DiGeorge syndrome, with the 22 to remind one the chromosomal abnormality is found on the 22 chromosome, as below Cardiac Abnormality (especially tetralogy of fallot) Abnorma...
3
Ovaries
Pituitary
Thymus
Thyroid
Pediatrics
All India exam
78e7faca-6e86-4af6-8064-14d049ca417d
multi
Eschar is seen in all the Rickettsial diseases excent:
Ans. is. 'd' i. e., Endemic typhus
4
Scrub typhus
Rickettsial pox
Indian tick typhus
Endemic typhus
Microbiology
null
9aa8d187-0208-4661-a2a2-7a087ba43754
multi
Drugs undergoing acetylation include all except -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Metoclopramide Drugs metabolized by acetylation o Sulfonamides (including dapson) o Procainamide o PAS o INH o Hydralazine o Clonazepam
2
Dapsone
Metoclopramide
Procainamide
INH
Pharmacology
null
5fd4f8a7-fb03-47ec-ab6e-b911c1c2fb46
multi
Structures that passes through Foramen Magnum include all, EXCEPT:
The foramen magnum transmits the spinal accessory nerve, veebral aeries, the anterior and posterior spinal aeries, the membrana tectoria and alar ligaments. The foramen magnum is bounded laterally by the occipital condyles.Also Know:The foramen ovale, which transmits the third branch of the trigeminal nerve, the access...
1
Ascending cervical aery
Accessory nerve
Veebral aeries
Spinal aeries
Anatomy
null
55146a80-a04b-4ccd-a4a1-70f4688ee67f
multi
Investigation of choice for Acute pancreatitis: September 2005 & 2006
Ans. B: CT scan Contrast CT is the imaging method of choice for delineating pancreas as well as demonstrating necrotizing pancreatitis and many of the complications of acute pancreatitis (e.g. pancreatic pseudocyst) Accuracy of contrast CT >90% when there is more than 30% glandular necrosis Presence of pancreatic necro...
2
X-ray abdomen
CT scan
USG
ERCP
Surgery
null
619d5b7e-cfe3-4c57-9b61-767ee954319e
single
A 17-year-old boy sustains serious head and neck trauma during a football game. Physical examination shows a positive Babinski sign. What pa of the brain has most likely been damaged in this boy?
A positive Babinski sign in adults can indicate damage to the coicospinal tract. Positive Babinski sign occurs normally in children up to 2 years of age. The reflex occurs after the sole of the foot has been stroked with a blunt instrument; the big toe moves upward and the other toes fan out.
3
Anterior motor neurons
Cerebellum
Coicospinal tract
Premotor coex
Physiology
Motor System
150e1bf8-2c7e-4ce0-b757-ccf15f44f6e8
multi
Which of the following cement is called as Artificial dentin?
Coefficient of thermal expansion of silicophosphate matches with dentin. While of type 2 GIC with enamel.
2
Type 2 GIC
Silicophosphate
Amalgam
Zinc phosphate
Dental
null
caaec3cc-e16f-4b78-a987-2dc47600b0ab
multi
Biotin is required for the activity of
Mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, an ATP-  requiring reaction in which the vitamin biotin is the coenzyme. Biotin binds CO2 from bicarbonate as carboxybiotin prior to the addition of the CO2 to pyruvate. The resultant oxaloacetate is reduced to malate, exported ...
1
Pyruvate carboxylase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Succinate thiokinase
Phosphohexose isomerase
Biochemistry
null
003545bb-ce46-4e13-bfb1-c38579ad9fcf
single
Patients with mutations leading to defective beta-oxidation of fatty acid usually have hypoglycemia because of
Acetyl-coenzyme A or acetyl-CoA is an impoant molecule that paicipates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. Its main function is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production. Ref-Sathyanarayana 4/e p399
2
Less ATP for gluconeogenesis
Less acetyl CoA for glucose formation
Increased fatty acids decrease glucose utilization
Fatty acids inhibit transpo of glucose for metabolism
Biochemistry
Metabolism of nucleic acids
85639209-fe32-4d8a-ad1d-a6080e3ef8f1
multi
Korsakoff's psychosis is caused by deficiency of vitamin
null
1
Vitamin B1
Vitamin B2
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Medicine
null
8dd4ece6-2f04-4f37-b307-d3fe0faad471
single
Apoptosis- all are true except?
Ans. (d) Causes inflammation that damage surrounding cells(Ref Robbins 9th/pg 53; 8th/pg 25, 26)Blebbing or zeiosis is the formation of blebs, it is seen in apoptotosis to form apoptotic bodies
4
Normal physiological process of programmed cell death
Products removed by phagocytosis
Plasma membrane zeiosis
Causes inflammation that damage surrounding cells
Pathology
Cellular Pathology
562a6274-a81c-4d99-8e4e-f38246f46b4d
multi
Histamine is secreted by:
- ECL cells lie in deep recesses of oxyntic glands & is associated with parietal cells of glands - Under influence of gastrin (secreted by G-cells), ECL cells release Histamine directly to deep oxyntic gland. Then histamine acts quickly to stimulate Hcl secretion Parietal cell / oxyntic cell: - Present in body of stoma...
1
Enterochromaffin cell
Parietal cell
Oxyntic cell
Chief cell
Physiology
FMGE 2018
370ffe78-4184-4183-b468-aa0d534314f5
single
Which of the following drug does not form active metabolite ?
Drugs which do not form active metabolite- S- sho acting T- temazepam O-oxazepam L-lorazepam E- estazolam
3
Flunitrazepam
Diazepam
Oxazepam
Nitrazepam
Pharmacology
Sedative-Hypnotics and Parkinsonism
81e1e9d8-2af8-44b4-9953-721d0899e5b6
single
Which of the following is not a clinical feature of Endophthalmitis?
(Ref: Khurana 6th/e p.176 & 4th/e p.150; Yanoff 3rd/e p.815; Ocular pathology by Yanoff 6th/e p.57) Clinical features Acute bacterial endophthalmitis occurs within 7 days of operation and is characterized by severe ocular pain, redness, lacrimation, photophobia and marked loss of vision.
4
Vitritis
Corneal edema
Hypopyon
Cranial nerve palsies
Anatomy
General anatomy
bd416545-b5e9-47fd-8739-f610831e0843
single
Fouh hea sound is caused by
A fouh sound can sometimes be heard immediately before the first sound when atrial pressure is high or the ventricle is stiff in conditions such as ventricular hyperophy. It is due to ventricular filling and is rarely heard in normal adults.Ref: Ganong&;s Review of medical physiology 25th edition. Page: 542
4
Closure of AV valves
Closure of semilunar valves
Rapid ventricular filling
Atrial contraction
Physiology
Cardiovascular system
84299061-ecb0-4a12-9d0b-edf7e104776c
single
After pituitary stalk resection, all hormones are affected except
Pituitary stalk-The pituitary stalk (also known as the infundibular stalk or Fenderson&;s Funnel or simply the infundibulum) is the connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary. The floor of the third ventricle is prolonged downward as a funnel-shaped recess--the infundibular recess--into the infundi...
3
Prolactin
FSH
ADH
ACTH
Physiology
Endocrinology
6fe43cc8-cf5e-4689-8767-159731c1d559
multi
A 37-year-old woman presents with shortness of breath on exertion. She has a past history of rheumatic fever as a child. On cardiac auscultation, there is a loud S1 and a mid-to-late low-pitched diastolic murmur. You suspect she has mitral stenosis. Which of the following findings is most likely to be seen on the CXR i...
Other early changes in mitral stenosis include prominence of the main pulmonary arteries and backward displacement of the esophagus. CXR changes are caused by enlargement of the left atrium. Severe disease can cause pulmonary congestion (Kerley B lines) and enlargement of the right ventricle, right atrium, and superior...
4
general enlargement of the heart
Kerley B lines
attenuation of pulmonary arteries
straightening of the left heart border
Medicine
C.V.S.
b7b2827b-e9b0-47f8-a722-4eae639b0a55
single
Toxin involved in the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is caused by pyrogenic exotoxin. Pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic, shock, scarlatinal toxin): the primary effect of the toxin is induction of fever and so it was renamed streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE). 3 types of SPE are identified- A, B, C. Types A and C are coded by bacterio...
1
Pyrogenic toxin
Erythrogenic toxin
Hemolysin
Neurotoxin
Microbiology
Bacteriology
32686767-e538-4a99-9ef6-596cddd265f0
single
Patient of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy on valproate comes to you at 5 months of pregnancy with level H scan normal what will you advise?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Continue the drug in same dose Valproic acid has the risk of fetal malformations during the first trimester of pregnancy. This patient has normal level II scan at 5 months of pregnancy so the risk period of valproate is already over and valproate is the drug of choice in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. T...
2
Change the drug
Continue the drug in same dose
Decrease the dose of drug
Increase the dose of drug
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
959dcb0f-019b-41e5-86e0-8494d379a863
single
Equilibrium potential for an ion is calculated by:
Gibbs Donna Equilibrium explains unequal distribution of ions in ICF and ECF due to non- diffusible anions (proteins) present intracellularly Nernst Equation: Nernst equilibrium potential (at which there is no net transpo of the molecule across the membrane) Where, R = the gas constant T = temperature in degrees Kelvin...
2
Gibbs Donnan Equilibrium
Nernst Equation
Goldman Equation
None of the above
Physiology
General Physiology
584cd9dd-8658-4b06-82d3-7debcb3433ae
multi
On putting an internal jugular vein catheter, a patient has developed sudden onset severe respiratory distress. Clinical diagnosis is?
The catheter penetrated the jugular vein and traumatized the lung parenchyma damaging the lung tissues leading to PNEUMOTHORAX OPTION B - Takes time to form septicemia OPTION C: MCC of ARDS is Sepsis so, not related to question OPTION D: In Infective Endaeritis fever develops and not respiratory distress
1
Pneumothorax
Sepsis
ARDS
Infective endaeritis
Medicine
Pneumothorax
3edf33ed-9f4a-4ff4-9c58-48bed7c31217
single
duration criteria for bulimia nervosa is
Bulimia nervosa * Gender==== more common in females * Age=======adolescence * Comorbidity=== depression and social phobia * Duration====3 months * Criteria= * Binge eating at least once a week for 3 months * Uses laxatives, diuretics, self-induced vomiting * Association= * Impulsive behaviors * increased interest in se...
1
3 months
5 months
4 months
6 months
Anatomy
Treatment in psychiatry
7bc6dbbd-4b58-43ee-a497-7f502632f7e0
single
Most common site of CIN is :
Ans: A (Squmao...) "CIN: The metaplasia extends from the original squamocolumnar junction( squamosquamous) outside to the newly deve!oped(physio!ogicallv active) squamocolumnar junction(nowr squamocolumnar) inside. This area is transformation zone"- Dutta Gynae. 6th/321
1
Squamo-coiumnar junction
Ectocervix
Endocervix
Nabothian gland
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Cervical intraepithelial and cervical cancer screening
154e7970-f498-4479-a6f8-f904ae31667e
multi
Brucellosis can be transmitted by all EXCEPT
i.e. Person to person transmission * Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease (diseases that are transmitted from animals to man, under natural conditions)* It is caused by gram negative bacteria.* Its major reservoirs are infected cattle, sheep, goats, swine, buffaloes, horses and dogs.* The disease is transmitted from infec...
3
Contect with infected placenta
Ingestion of raw vegetables from infected farms
Person to person transmission
Inhalation of infected dust or aerosol
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable Diseases
7a8ca2cf-1957-4572-bfa9-849c02bde6c3
multi
The veins of the pericardium drain into
The veins of pericardium drains into svc, pierced anteriorly . Ref - BDC 6th edition vol 1 pg 272
1
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Azygos vein
Left brachiocephalic vein
Anatomy
Thorax
cadc02cf-5a43-4b45-a7c5-c71f5ea92c8b
single
Actinomyces pelvic infection is most associated with?
Infection is caused by Actinomyces israelii, a grampositive anaerobe. It may be associated in IUCD users more with noncopper devices.
4
STDs
Unsafe aboions
Immuno - compromised patients
IUCD users.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Genital Tract Infections (Too hot to handle!)
d922dd6c-be1e-40ef-81b4-0a8bdbcb9b74
single
MRSA carrier status is diagnosed by taking sample swab from -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Nose * To detect MRSA carrier Nasal swab is taken.* S. aureus is part of normal human flora. The anterior nares is the most frequent site of human colonization although the skin (especially when damaged), vagina, axilla, perineum and oropharynx may also be colonized.
2
Skin
Nose
Oral cavity
Perineum
Microbiology
Bacteria
3c7c7d15-8b23-4bfc-8e99-e5beb8abe0d2
single
All are true about hyperophic cardiomyopathy except
Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1568 Biopsy is not needed to diagnose hyperophic cardiomyopathy but can be used to exclude infiltrative and metabolic diseases. Rigorous athletic training (athlete's hea) may cause intermediate degrees of physiologic hyperophy difficult to differentiate from mild hyperophic cardiomyopathy. Unli...
1
Systolic dysfunction
Concenteric hyperophy
Diastolic dysfunction
Double apical impulse
Medicine
C.V.S
ccdda051-3d2d-4a7f-96a0-c72f29f7fc22
multi
The specific laboratory finding often reflect the clinical manifestations of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is
(A) Elevated Creatine kinase # Laboratory abnormalities of NMS:> Elevated serum CK -- Laboratory findings often reflect the clinical manifestations of NMS with more severe rigidity leading to more profound creatine kinase (CK) elevation.> In NMS, CK is typically more than 1000 IU/L and can be as high as 100,000 IU/L.> ...
1
Elevated Creatine kinase
Hypocalcemia
Increased Alkaline phosphatase
Leukocytosis
Psychiatry
Miscellaneous
19a3f2fe-c35a-491d-be17-711c04ba4683
single
Dr. Christian Bernard preformed the Ist hea transplant in the year -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 1967
4
1962
1965
1969
1967
Surgery
null
c4995dcd-7591-4bc2-969d-d5a75c97b9b9
single
Most common site of perilymph fistula ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Oval window Perilymph fistula In this condition, perilymph leaks into the middle ear through the oval or round window. Perilymphatic fistula (so positive fistula test) may occur due to a defect in one of three locations : 1. Oval - window (most common site) Stapedectomy surgery (for otosclerosis) Head...
2
Round window
Oval window
Otic capsule
Attic
ENT
null
b7ef7a7e-91f1-4f40-9e9c-00432e395cd0
single
Cryptic type miliary TB usually affects which group of patients given below?
A rare presentation of miliary TB seen in the elderly is cryptic miliary TB. It has a chronic course and with mild intermittent fever, anemia, and meningeal involvement preceding death. Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 1349
4
Young children
HIV patients
Diabetic patients
Elderly
Medicine
null
e6086205-61c7-4e53-b148-9623ed123b75
multi
Multifocal ERG is useful to assess the function of:
Ans. b. Macular cones (Ref: Yanoff and Duker 4/e p460)Multifocal ERG is useful to assess the function of macular cones.Multifocal ERG (mfERG)The multifocal ERG (mfERG) has supplanted focal ERG testing and records multiple local ERG responses elicited from the central 40--50 degrees of the retina under light- adapted co...
2
Rods
Macular cones
Ganglion ceils
Retinal pigment epithelium
Ophthalmology
Techniques of Ocular Examination and Diagnostic Tests
9547e546-1bf9-48dd-996f-36cae7879724
single
A mother brings her child to clinic with short stature. On examination following physical findings are seen. Doctor advises for the below investigations. Calcium - Normal, Phosphorous - Increased, PTH - Increased, Alvaline Phosphatase - Increased. What is the most probable diagnosis
Image 1 ⇒ Rachitic rosary Image 2 ⇒ Widening of wrists
1
Chronic renal failure
Vitamin D deficiency rickets, type 1
Vitamin D deficiency rickets, type 2
Hypophasphatemic rickets
Pediatrics
null
e0ca5a07-a1ad-499c-a92d-719a7ff1af01
single
A 48-year-old man presents with recurrent headaches and ahritic pain in his knees of 9 months in duration. He notes that his head size has recently increased. Physical examination reveals a blood pressure of 170/100 mm Hg. The patient is observed to have coarse facial features and a goiter. Urinalysis reveals glucosuri...
- Given clinical features are suggestive of Acromegaly; which is d/t increased growth hormone, produced by pituitary adenomas. - C/F of Acromegaly: Enlargement of terminal poions of extremities & jaw Headaches and visual disturbances d/t compression on optic chiasma. Menstrual irregularities in women Diabetes mellitus....
1
Excess growth hormone secretion
Excess parathyroid hormone secretion
Excess prolactin secretion
Hypersecretion of bone morphogenetic protein
Pathology
Miscellaneous
40da2f5d-f108-4af3-9506-d3f7601b0fe3
single
A patient presented with headache and flushing. He has a family history of his relative having died of a thyroid tumour. The investigation that would be required for this patient would be -
Ans is "C" i.e. measurement of catecholamine This patient is having MEN syndrome more specifically MEN type 2, which includes. Medullary carcinoma of thyroid and Pheochromocytoma Headache and flushing are manifestation of pheochromocytoma which can be diagnosed by measuring catecholamine level in urine or blood.
3
Chest X-ray
Measurement of 5 HIAA
Measurement of catecholamine
Intravenous pyelography
Surgery
null
2fa86d31-9e49-4c20-937b-32076858232f
single
Commonest cause of sustained severe hypeension in children
The chief causes of severe sustained hypeension identified included chronic glomerulonephritis , obstructive uropathy , reflux nephropathy , thrombotic microangiopathy and renovascular disease . ref:Harrison&;s principles of internal medicine,ed 18,pg no
3
Endocrine causes
Coarctation of aoa
Renal parenlchyma disease
Pheochromocytoma
Medicine
C.V.S
c69cc126-c7a0-41c8-8af5-f75304717cf0
single
In transverse fracture of patella treatment is:-
Tension band wiring(TBW) would be the answer if it were present in options ORIF with tension band Wiring :- INDICATIONS:- Preserve patella whenever possible Extensor mechanism failure (unable to perform straight leg raise) Fracture aicular displacement >2mm Displaced patella fracture >3mm Patella sleeve fractures in ch...
2
Excision of small segment
Wire fixation
Plaster cylinder
Patellectomy
Orthopaedics
Lower Limb Traumatology
34b15337-0e66-430a-bc71-8cb1cbadb218
multi
All are components of basal ganglia except-
Basal ganglia-Structural components Functional components- Caudate Putamen Globus pallidus Amygdaloid nucleus Sub thalamic nucleus Substantia nigra
1
Thalamus
Amygdaloid nucleus
Substantia nigra
Globus pallidus
Anatomy
Neuroanatomy 1
af3a99a5-9b72-4f35-8fef-0cbcfe95196b
multi
Corpus callosum is involved in
Corpus Callosum is commonly involved in:- *Adrenoleukodystrophy *Marchiaa Bignami Disease *Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy *Diffuse Axonal Injury *CNS lymphoma *Glioblastoma multiformis(Butterfly Glioma)
4
CNS lymphoma
Adrenoleukodystrophy
Diffuse Axonal Injury
All
Radiology
Neuroradiology
69f4530d-fffc-4363-93c8-5e2b87bb7aaf
multi
Which of the following is a pseudo cyst?
null
3
Mucous retention cyst
Radicular cyst
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Dentigerous cyst
Pathology
null
fa6b563c-a1b1-436d-ab74-0be52171a53c
single
In Webers syndrome true is
(B) Associated with 3rd nerve palsy # Injury to structures surrounding fascicles of the oculomotor nerve descending through the midbrain has given rise to a number of classic eponymic designations.> In Nothnagel's syndrome, injury to the superior cerebellar peduncle causes ipsilateral oculomotor palsy and contralateral...
2
Lesion is in pons
Associated with 3rd nerve palsy
Hemiplegia on ipsilateral side of lesion
Immediate surgery is the treatment
Medicine
Miscellaneous
5e2cb2dc-f53b-4e0d-ba76-07cb26f047df
multi
All are examples of point mutation, except -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Frame-shift mutation
2
Silent mutation
Frame-shift mutation
Missense mutation
Nonsense mutation
Biochemistry
Regulation of Gene Expression
666e3d8e-a797-4594-80e3-0140e71a34dc
multi
Thoracic duct opens into ?
Left brachiocephalic vein
4
Subclan vein
Internal jugular vein
Right brachiocephalic vein
Left brachiocephalic vein
Anatomy
null
b4430419-7250-47fe-bfb8-7999c5f0b217
single
All statements are true about papilloedema except:
Ans. Disruption of neurofilament
2
Collection of extra-cellular fluid
Disruption of neurofilament
Stasis of axoplasmic transpo
Swelling of the axon
Ophthalmology
null
8d466c24-4c6b-4232-92c1-f693d0c89df6
multi
Drug of choice in lithium induced polyuria is:
null
1
Amiloride
Demeclocycline
Thiazide diuretics
Indornethacin
Pharmacology
null
336741a2-ad49-49b7-b337-b32d8094a089
single
Abductor of the vocal cord is :
A i.e., Posterior cricoarytenoid
1
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Lateral cricarytenoid
Crichothyroid
Thyroepiglottis
Anatomy
null
0dad6917-f3bf-4640-a2c6-679c919747db
single
A 30-year-old person met with a roadside accident. On admission his pulse rate was 120/minute, BP was 100/60 mmHg. USG examination revealed laceration of the lower pole of spleen and hemoperitoneum. He was resuscitated with blood and fluid. Two hours later, his pulse was 84/ minute and BP was 120/70 mm Hg. The most app...
- The most appropriate course of management in this case would be Conservative management - CECT | Depending upon the findings proceed for surgery
4
Exploring the patient followed by splenectomy
Exploring the patient followed by excision of the lower pole of spleen
Splenorrhaphy
Continuation of conservative treatment under close monitoring system and subsequent surgery if fuher indicated
Surgery
Spleen
499329d9-56d9-46a9-a1f7-6ec582d00e17
single
Acute osteomyelitis is caused by
It is caused most commonly by staphylococcus aureus Refer Maheshwari 6th/e p 168
1
Staphylococcus aureus
Actinomyces bovis
Nocardia asteroids
Borelia vincenti
Anatomy
Skeletal infections
28c5b41d-647a-4d80-b7a7-57101527b9e1
single
A ten-year old girl presents with swelling of one knee joint. All of the following conditions can be considered in the differential diagnosis except -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Haemophilia Although all conditions mentioned in the options may produce swelling of one knee joint, the clue lies in the fact that haemophilia is an X Linked recessive disease and is not manifested in girls who act only as carriers.
3
Tuberculosis
Juvenile rheumatoid ahritis
Haemophilia
Villonodular synovitis
Pediatrics
null
d63ced10-6ef6-43fa-9efb-5ecc7b6190b7
multi
Left superior oblique and left inferior rectus are
Synergists: It refers to the muscles having the same primary action in the same eye; e.g., 1) superior rectus and inferior oblique of the same eye act as synergistic elevators. 2) Inferior rectus and superior oblique of the same eye act as synergistic depressors. Ref:- A K KHURANA; pg num:-316
4
Yoke muscles
Antagonists
Agonists
Synergists
Ophthalmology
Ocular motility and squint
fbfe94fd-4d9f-479b-8706-30fb86812353
single
Common causes of infertility are:a) Chlamydiab) Gonorroheac) Mycoplasmad) Pneumococcus
PID resulting in salpingitis is an important cause of infertility. Infertility from PID can occur due to following organisms: a. Chlamydia  b. Gonorrhea  c. Tuberculosis  d. Mycoplasma (Specifically ureoplasma)  Certain Infections cause Intrauterine synechiae or asherman syndrome thus leading to infertility like: e. Sc...
4
ab
bc
acd
abc
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
feb9bb74-76f4-4e9f-8787-cf02d9df7ef9
single
Foramen of Winslow is:
Between greater and lesser sac
1
Between greater and lesser sac
At hilum of liver
Transverse cervical ligament of uterus
Pouch of Douglas
Anatomy
null
2c3741a0-7e0e-4f31-aed4-27714645d47a
single
Which of the following is not a feature of retinoschisis
Retinoschisis does not need active treatment as compared to retinal detachement Retinoschisis : * Term is used to describe splitting of inner retinal layers(intra neurosensory layer). * Can be acquired or juvenile X linked congenital retinoschisis * Absolute scotoma is seen as a clinical feature * Beaten metal appearan...
2
Splitting of inner retinal layers
Require active treatment
Caweel maculopathy is seen
May be seen in patients of high myopia
Ophthalmology
Retina
6f35c93b-84f3-4802-8dd3-599e079a43f8
single
All of the following vaccines are given at 16 - 24 months according to NIS except:-
NIS (National Immunization Schedule, India 2019-20) - At Bih : BCG, OPV0, Hep B - 6 Weeks : DPT1, OPV1, Hep B1, HiB1, Rota V1, fractionated IPV1, PCV1 - 10 Weeks : DPT2, OPV2, Hep B2, HiB2, Rota V2 - 14 Weeks : DPT3, OPV3, Hep B3, HiB3,Rota V3, fractionated IPV2, PCV2 - 9 months : Measles1/MR1, Vitamin A, PCV Booster, ...
4
DPT booster
OPV booster
Japanese encephalitis 2nd dose
PCV booster
Social & Preventive Medicine
National Immunization Schedule 2020-21
ac401dbc-02ca-4587-8c6e-2b342b1f3108
multi
Hyperacute rejection of transplant is due to
Preformed antibodies will cause hyperacute rejection. T cells will cause acute rejection.
3
T cell mediated
B cell mediated
Preformed antibodies
Macrophage mediated injury
Surgery
null
47b9f3d0-ffa3-482e-a2b3-0faa40035ccf
single
Following is prevented by killed vaccine ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Rabies
3
Mumps
Measles
Rabies
Rubella
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
89ca366c-32ce-427e-8e86-b2dfefd3ff1a
single
Factor V mutation is commonly associated with:-
Factor V mutation also called as leiden's mutation Leiden's mutation is characterized by substitution of amino acid at the position 506 Arginine at this position is replaced by glutamine Protein C and S inhibit the activity of Factor V and VIII In Factor V mutation, Factor V gets resistant to the action of protein C an...
3
Hemahrosis
Hematemesis
Thrombosis
Epistaxis
Pathology
NEET 2018
133afa25-e1c7-4dff-b24d-704c36c90531
single
All of the following diuretics increase K excretion except:-
POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETICS P: Potassium sparing diuretics A: Amiloride S: Spironolactone T: Triamterene E: Epleronone
3
Acetazolamide
Furosemide
Triamterene
Thiazide
Pharmacology
Kidney
452dba40-7cca-4788-b255-db8766b346fd
multi
Antischkow cells are ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Modified macrophages Pathologic Features of Acute Rheumatic Fever Aschoff bodies focal inflammatory lesions seen in acute rheumatic fever consisting of foci of T lymphocytes, occasional plasma cells, and plump activated macrophages. These activated macrophages called Anitschkow cells (pathognomonic fo...
1
Modified macrophages
Modified neutrophils
Modified B cells
Modified RBCs
Pathology
null
dc257320-ca6a-442d-b303-257341cba7de
single
Treatment of transverse lie at labour is :
Cesarean section
3
Aificial rupture of membrane
Oxytocin infusion
Cesarean section
Forceps delivery
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
ba8d8c80-0660-4b59-9598-6492a5e44c27
single
Regarding suckling reflex, which of the following is true
When the baby suckles, neural signals from the nipple travel nerves to the spinal cord and up to the brain (afferent component), which triggers the release of oxytocin from the supraoptic nuclei (efferent component).
4
Has afferent hormonal and efferent neuronal components
Increases placental lactogen secretion
Increases the release of dopamine from the arcuate nucleus
Triggers the release of oxytocin by stimulating the supraoptic nuclei
Pathology
All India exam
81786342-656b-46bc-887a-361259db5755
multi
Which of the following is used to assess disability in migraine?
MIDAS Questionnaire is used for assessment of disability in migraine Disease Scores Migraine Disability Assessment Score MIDAS Screening tool for Dementia MMSE Used for Diabetic Retinopathy study ETDRS Used in Multiple Sclerosis EDSS
1
MIDAS
MMSE
EDSS
ETDRS
Medicine
Headache And Migraine
c4da5418-3479-4210-9b2e-638e3340e758
single
In a-thalassemia, Hb Bas is said when number of gene loci affected is:
Answer- D. 4The alpha-thalassemias are caused by inherited deletions that result in reduced or absent synthesis of alpha-globin chains.Normally, there are four alpha-globin genes.
4
1
2
3
4
Pathology
null
1fb01b5f-161c-4ca9-9ada-435fee39d519
single
Which among the following is not a SERM ?
null
1
Flutamide
Ormeloxifene
Tamoxifen
Raloxifene
Pharmacology
null
fdc4b629-36dc-4c7d-98cd-242b93ceac46
single
ln multiparous women, external os is i
Transverse
3
Circular
Longitudinal
Transverse
Septate
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
0e4fcd70-33da-4eba-9369-ec3839b1289c
single
The classic triad of congenital Rubella includes all except:
The classic triad of congenital Rubella does not include Retinal detachment. Rubella virus infection during pregnancy: Virus can cross the placental barrier and infect the fetus. Infection leads to angiopathy with placental and fetal vasculitis, which compromises fetal growth. The classic triad of congenital Rubella in...
3
Cataract
Deafness
Retinal detachment
CHD
Microbiology
Virology (RNA Virus Pa-1,2 & Miscellaneous Viruses)
82e59e07-3786-41d1-8b18-45c4e5059fe6
multi
Which drug is contraindicated in patients allergic to sulphonamides ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Zonisamide Zonisamide is a sulfonamide medication used for the treatment of seizures. It has been associated with severe skin reactions, those typically seen with sulfa reactions. This medication should not be used in sulfa-allergic patients.
3
Brizolamide
Brimonidine
Zonisamide
Bimatoprost
Pharmacology
null
8627f99a-19ba-4497-bdb4-122261f909fd
multi
Which of the following statement characterize both Hemoglobin and Myoblogin -
Heme lies in the hydrophobic interior (pocket) of globin chain of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Polypeptide chain of myoglobin and all four polypeptide chains of hemoglobin have helical structure. Polypeptide subunits of hemoglobin are held together by hydrogen bonds, salt (ionic) bonds and Van der walls forces. Myoglobin ...
4
Non-helical
Subunits which are held together by hydrogen bonds
Binds with 2 Heme
Heme at hydrophobic pockets
Biochemistry
null
e46f8a20-29cb-40ff-8daa-6443aea365af
multi
The ground glass ventricular septum is seen in
Four bump heaMS/MR Due to left atrial appendage enlargementGlassy hea on ECHOAmyloidosisDouble Cardiac shadow, Double density sign, Bedford signLeft Atrial EnlargementDock&;s sign, E-Sign, Figure of 3 sign, Reversed E sign, Inveed 3 signCoarctation of the aoaDouble aoic knuckleAoic dissectionJughandle appearancePrimary...
2
TOF
HOCM
TGA
CHF
Radiology
All India exam
8fbc2341-0392-4065-bb10-067bb070786b
single