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True about Shiga toxin ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Inhibit protein synthesis Shiga toxin (verocytotoxin) It is an exotoxin. It is produced by shigella dysentriae type 1. Genes encoding shiga toxin are located on chromosome, while the VT1 of EHEC is phage-encoded. Toxin constits of two subunits - b Subunits, helps is binding and A subunit which has the... | 2 | An endotoxin | Inhibit protein synthesis | Activate adenylyl cyclase | Increase cGMP | Microbiology | null | 6706e6c7-b538-457b-bc3d-12859d008842 | multi |
All of the following are features of Genetic Code except | Features of the Genetic CodeDegenerateUnambiguousNonoverlappingNot punctuatedUniversalRef: Harper&;s Biochemistry; 30th edition; Chapter 37; Protein Synthesis & the Genetic Code | 3 | Degenerate | Unambiguous | Overlapping | Universal | Biochemistry | Metabolism of nucleic acids | d3134c43-7d5d-4177-a471-e38414c72adc | multi |
Which of the following are the first incisors to erupt in an infant- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lower central | 1 | Lower central | Lower lateral | Upper central | Upper lateral | Pediatrics | null | c6d81093-0696-4f1b-8f73-3b3a1f65955b | single |
A most characteristic feature of atopic dermatitis is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Extreme pruritus "Itching is severe and primary in atopic eczema, provoking a severe urge to scratch; atopic eczema is one of the most itchy disorders. It is an itch that rashes not just a rash that itches". -Venkatram | 1 | Extreme pruritus | Denny Morgan folds | Lichenification | Rash | Unknown | null | dae26b38-65c3-4fc8-bad2-7f24aa61a47f | single |
Copper T is ideally inseed at- | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Just after menstruation Timing of inseion Although the loop can be inseed at almost anytime during a woman's reproductive years (except during pregnancy), the most propitious time for loop inseion is during mensturation or within 10 days of the beginning of a menstural period. o During this period, in... | 3 | Just before menstruation | On the 26th day | Just after menstruation | On the 14th day | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 61da7221-50c6-4b25-8ccf-a3da1a7cce3c | multi |
Enzyme-deficient in lactic acidosis caused by thiamine deficiency is? | TPP is the coenzyme for oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutaric acid.eg: pyruvate to acetyl CoAPolyneuritis: It is common in chronic alcoholics. Alcohol utilization needs large doses of thiamine. Alcohol inhibits intestinal absorption of thiamine, leading to thiamine deficiency. Polyneuritis may also be associa... | 1 | Pyruvate dehydrogenase | Succinate thiokinase | Cis aconitase | Isocitrate dehydrogenase | Biochemistry | vitamins | 8503721d-7a23-42b0-8d19-ac3f992d0bcf | single |
Earliest drug used in acute angle closure glaucoma | Ans. is 'a' i.e Diamox (Acetazolamide) As already explained in Nov 99, Acetazolamide is used even earlier than Pilocarpine. | 1 | Diamox | Pilocarpine | Atropine | DFP | Ophthalmology | Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma | f5a7b7db-d6b8-486a-bf64-cefb66b662a0 | single |
The surgical specimen is sent fresh from the surgical suite to the laboratory for frozen section examination. Before cutting into the specimen, the pathologist makes a careful gross examination, which demonstrates that most of the specimen has replacement of the normally fatty breast tissue with strands of dense, white... | While a careful pathologist will wait for appropriate frozen or permanent tissue histologic examination, the description given in the question stem is most suggestive of fibrocystic disease. The fibrous pa of the lesion forms the dense, white tissue strands, while the blue lesions are what are called "blue-domed cysts"... | 4 | Breast cancer | Changes of pregnancy | Fibroadenoma | Fibrocystic disease | Pathology | null | dc61a8d0-cbfa-45d6-9843-28c7311d3715 | multi |
Flow cytometry is used to | Flow cytometry:These include B- and T-cell lymphomas and leukemias, as well as myeloid neoplasms. An advantage of flow cytometry over immunohistochemistry is that multiple antigens (CD molecule) can be assessed. Also PNH is diagnosed by flow cytometry, which provides a sensitive means for detecting red cells that are d... | 3 | Antibody response T lymphocytes | Separate blood cells from whole blood | Distinguish between leukocytes | To get differential leukocyte count | Pathology | JIPMER 2017 | 0d4f0854-2c70-46ef-8373-293247284ffe | single |
Most common symptom of bronchial adenoma is - | • Centrally located slow-growing endobronchial lesions that are generally carcinoid tumors (80%), adenocystic tumors (so called cylindromas, 10–15%), or mucoepidermoid tumors (2–3%).
• Mean age at presentation is 45 years (range 15–60).
Clinical Features
• MC symptom: Recurrent Hemoptysis
• History of chronic cough, in... | 3 | Chest pain | Cough | Recurrent hemoptsis | Weight loss | Surgery | null | 2e07c6c8-e0ca-481a-a8af-04ff732c7d55 | single |
Immersion syndrome is also called as - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hydrocutiono Immersion syndrome - is also called as hydrocution or submersion inhibition or vagal inhibition.Atypical drowning# It refers to drowning in which even after submersion of body in water, little or no water anters respiratory passages and lungs. Hence typical findings of wet drowning in the... | 1 | Hydrocution | Wet drowning | Dry drowning | Secondary drowning | Forensic Medicine | Injuries | dfce1823-36ff-4836-8877-d5782d07c025 | multi |
A patient with an accident is presented in a casualty, what will be the least Glasgow Coma Index to measure his responsiveness: | The minimum score that can be alloted to a person with head injury is 3 while the maximum is 15. | 3 | 7 | 11 | 3 | 15 | Surgery | null | 559cd463-e311-46d3-86e9-0a0b9cf12202 | single |
Telomerases are: | Telomerases are RNA dependent DNA polymerase. Telomerase enzyme is present in germ cells and stem cells. And because of the presence of telomerase these cells have infinite number of divisions as compared to somatic cells. Telomerase prevent Telomere shoening. Telomerase activity increases in cancer. Telomerase activit... | 2 | DNA dependent DNA polymerase | RNA dependent DNA polymerase | DNA dependent RNA polymerase | RNA dependent RNA polymerase | Biochemistry | Replication | 826f7e32-cb46-4694-84a4-587c88133b93 | single |
Which of the following is weakest antigen | Proteins are stronger immunogens followed by carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids. | 1 | Nucleic acids | Proteins | Carbohydrates | Lipids | Microbiology | null | 7399d664-d6e8-4471-ba4d-0ff509d3ad90 | single |
Housemaid's knee affects which of the following?(MH 2014) | Ans. a (Prepatellar bursa). (Ref. Maheshwari, Orthopaedics, 2nd ed., 255)The 5 main bursae around the knee joint are - Prepatellar, Infrapatellar, Suprapatellar and Anserine bursa. Housemaid's knee is prepatellar bursitis (Irritation bursitis, or Infective bursitis). Named bursal diseaseMeans1Housemaid's kneePrepatella... | 1 | Prepatellar bursa | Infrapatellar bursa | Suprapatellar bursa | Anserine bursa | Orthopaedics | Injuries Around the Thigh & Knee | e3493666-aada-4823-9f54-224666dba2da | single |
In which the following head and neck cancers, is lymph node metastasis least common | LN metastasis is most common in : CA tongue >Floor of mouth > Lower alvealus >Buccal mucosa > Upper Alveolus > Hard palate > lip Ref: Bailey and love 27th edition Pgno : 764-765, | 3 | Tongue | Buccal mucosa | Hard palate | Lower alveolus | Surgery | Head and neck | ed4f36de-f672-4424-ba44-713a920f6877 | single |
Entomology of cadaver helps' in finding - | null | 1 | Time of death | Mode of death | Manner of death | Identify the disease | Forensic Medicine | null | 8fc4de12-ba8f-438e-ba83-d9effd73a706 | single |
Sudden death can be seen in- | Ans. 'a' i.e., AS o The patients with Aortic stenosis are asymptomatic for a prolonged periods despite the obstruction and increased pressure load on the left ventricle.o The classic symptoms of Aortic stenosis areHeart failure, syncope andAnginaHowever, the classic symptoms reflect end stage diseaseo In general sympto... | 1 | AS | MS | MR | MR | Medicine | Valvular Heart Disease | b5745b4d-8a49-4c1a-ad54-74d123ec5e20 | single |
Prophylactic craniospinal irradiation is recommended in: | PROPHYLACTIC CRANIOSPINAL IRRADIATION Prophylactic craniospinal irradiation is useful in CNS malignancy which disseminate CSF or any malignancy with high risk of CNS spreadQ. Common Indications Less Common Indications MedulloblastomaQ GlioblastomaQ GerminomaQ Small cell Carcinoma of LungQ ALLQ Non-Hodgkin's LymphomaQ L... | 4 | Astrocytoma | Posterior fossa ependymoma | Meningioma | Medulloblastoma | Surgery | CNS Tumors | a5d85d4b-881d-4b6a-8b78-bc2a3164a874 | single |
The non poisoning salt of cyanide is | Potassium ferrocyanide is non-poisonous salt of cyanide. | 4 | Potassium cyanide | Hydrocyanic acid | Sodium cyanide | Potassium ferrocyanide | Forensic Medicine | null | b313d175-c040-4e42-bd84-830d31e73bb2 | single |
LCAT activates | Lipoproteins classes as per apoprotein contents Families: LP A Apolipoproteins: A-I and A-II Density class: HDL Mol. wt. range: 17000 to 28000 Function: LCAT activator, 'Scavenger'Ref: Textbook of Medical Biochemistry, Eighth Edition, Dr (Brig) MN Chatterjea, page no:445, Table 25.11 | 1 | Apo A1 | Apo B100 | Apo C-2 | Apo C-3 | Biochemistry | Metabolism of lipid | 3dad0674-9e0e-46b9-a025-4eee71081b69 | single |
Child with which of the following throat infection needs systemic antibiotic therapy – | All the given organisms are normally found in throat.
But, the term infection is not used when they normally reside in throat.
Infection means, they are causing clinical manifestation, therefore require antibiotic treatment. | 4 | Pneumococci | B. hemolytic streptococci | Staph aureus | All of the above | Pediatrics | null | 524c9924-bedb-4ac8-89b2-2d6a1c3cb9fc | multi |
Parents should begin cleaning a child's mouth | null | 1 | By the time first tooth erupts | When all deciduous teeth erupt | When all anterior teeth have erupt | When incisors and first molars have erupt | Dental | null | 2d5b12fa-ea41-40d7-8042-bd1e46e7ca56 | multi |
Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of- | Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of gastroduodenal artery arising from the common hepatic artery. The common hepatic artery is a branch of the coeliac trunk. | 3 | Hepatic artery | Splenic artery | Gastroduodenal artery | Inferior mesenteric artery | Anatomy | null | 12353aa4-e763-49d0-9862-bbd3782714a7 | single |
Which of the following is derived from the Wolffian duct? | An appendix of the epididymis is a developmental remnant of the mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct) which can be found in the head of the epididymis. In the female, in the absence of testosterone, the Wolffian duct regresses. However, inclusions may persist resulting in the epoophoron and Skene's glands. Where a remnant e... | 3 | Appendix of testis | Uterus | Appendix of epididymis | Prostate | Anatomy | General anatomy | ea4b7e3a-debe-4da6-842e-e7f5a49ff7db | single |
Aluminum phosphide poisoning - all true except | Aluminum phosphide (Celphos) toxicity appears to be due to release of PHOSPHINE on contact with moisture. This phosphine gas due to noncompetitive inhibition of cytochrome oxidase system of mitochondria or damage by free radicals causes' global hypoxia. Significant inhibition of cytochrome-c oxidase activity can be fou... | 4 | Sub-endocardial infarcts | Produces phosphine gas | Oesophageal stricture | Cyt. A oxidase inhibitor | Forensic Medicine | Inorganic Irritants | 8f5a5c5d-8a31-4fd4-80aa-fd368f4676da | multi |
To visualize tympanic membrane pinna has to be pulled | Outer pa of EAC (Cailage) is directed upwards, backwards and medially. Inner pa of EAC (Bone) is directed downwards, forwards and medially. Therefore, to see the tympanic membrane, the pinna has to be pulled backwards, upwards and laterally (BUL) so as to bring the two pas in alignment. | 2 | Upwards, backwards and medially | Upwards, backwards and laterally | Downwards, backwards and laterally | Downwards, backwards and medially | ENT | Anatomy of External Ear | b98b6db7-7e38-48e1-be7e-ed75bc9d8c2b | multi |
Starch is hydrolyzed in the mouth by: | Ans. (b) PtyalinRef: Guyton's physiology 11th ed./ 793* Saliva contains two major types of protein secretion:# Serous secretion- contains ptyalin, an enzyme for digesting starches.# Mucus secretionGlandSecretionContentFunctionParotid glandSerous typePtyalinDigest starchesSubmandibular glandSerous and mucous typeMucinLu... | 2 | Mucin | Ptyalin | Pancreatic amylase | Lipase | Physiology | Digestion and Absorption | 0ea0b145-2a87-4c83-89a6-af8d031828ff | single |
Prostaglandin used for cervical ripening? | PG E2 | 2 | PG E1 | PG E2 | PGF2 -a | Oral Oxytocin | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 62d30b13-7931-40c6-bb19-5f701144c2fd | single |
Which does not form the border of heart in PA view of a chest X-ray? | Ans- B Ref: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics 18th edition: page no 1865 Explanation: In a CXR PA view the Left border of Heart is formed by: "A.M.L" Aortic arch Main pulmonary artery Left pulmonary artery, Left atrial appendage, Left ventricle Right border of Heart is formed by: "S.I.R" SVC IVC Right Atrium Abnormal car... | 2 | Right atrium | Right ventricle | Aortic arch | Left Ventricle | Radiology | Plain Film Radiography, Fluoroscopy, and Tomosynthesis | c1a5af9f-2410-40b6-8826-46a452ae75cc | single |
Risdon wiring is indicated for | null | 3 | Body fracture | Angle fracture | Symphysis fracture | Subcondylar fracture | Surgery | null | bf2b67fd-bf3c-462f-8bc9-61534bbb3805 | single |
If a body is left undisturbed, for how long does post moem staining persists - | Postmoem staining occurs sholy after death and persists until putrefaction sets in which is also known as primary lividity. Dr.Narayana Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 27th edition pg. 76. | 4 | Few hours | Few days | Few months | Persists till merges with discolouration of putrefaction | Forensic Medicine | Death and postmortem changes | 421dc40b-1ef8-48a8-8ca6-0585bf2233fa | single |
Unilocular radiolucency is seen in all except | null | 3 | Ameloblastoma | Primordial cyst | Giant cell granuloma | Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour | Radiology | null | 1862561c-ef43-47c1-8498-da130773ab7b | multi |
Enzyme responsible for the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 to water is present in | CITRIC ACID CYCLE Synonyms: TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), Krebs' cycle, Krebs' citric acid cycle. Points to Remember * It is a cyclic process. * The cycle involves a sequence of compounds interrelated by oxidation-reduction and other reactions which finally produces CO2 and H2O. * It is the final common pathway... | 2 | Cytosol | Mitochondria | Lysosomes | Endoplasmic reticulum | Biochemistry | Respiratory chain | c5aae702-027c-449e-bdec-07e3ebf296a1 | single |
Cause of death in diabetic ketoacidosis? | Ans. A. Cerebral edema* The Major non metabolic complication of DKA therapy is cerebral edema, which most often develops in children as DKA is resolving.* Precipitating events leading to D.K.A:1. Infection2. Myocardial infarction3. Venous thrombosis4. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding5. Acute respiratory distress syndrom... | 1 | Cerebral edema | Dehydration | Electrolyte imbalance | Central pontine myelinosis | Medicine | Endocrinology | c522ef02-ab6e-4bc0-8047-995ebe740a55 | single |
Anchovy sauce pus is a feature of | Amoebic liver abscess Entamoeba histolytica is endemic in many pas of the world. It exists in vegetative form outside the body and is spread by the faecal-oral route. The most common presentation is with dysentery, but it may also present with an amoebic abscess, the common sites being paracaecal and in the liver. The ... | 1 | Amoebic liver abscess | Lung abscess | Splenic abscess | Pancreatic abscess | Anatomy | G.I.T | faa3cb71-b79e-4b1d-a2d1-b868b33f806c | single |
All are true regarding duties of traditional bih attendant EXCEPT: March 2013 (b) | Ans. C i.e. Injection of tetanus toxoid Trained bih attendants It is being increasingly recognized that TBAs may have a role to play in improving health outcomes in developing countries because of their access to communities and the relationships they share with women in local communities, especially if women are unabl... | 3 | Aseptic delivery | Health education | Injection of tetanus toxoid | Registration of bih | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 40cb1dc1-99c9-4d68-a3a3-a04dc89d6ad7 | multi |
All of the following cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen except | 9th,10th, 11th; inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses; meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital aeries these are the structures passing through the jugular foramen BDC volume 3. Edition 6th pg no 57 | 4 | Glossopharyngeal | Vagus | Spinal accessory | Hypoglossal | Anatomy | Head and neck | 5033563d-6812-4ba1-95b0-c26cf5c7e2c0 | multi |
Comparing cost of 2 studies and choosing the one which is economically superior to others is done by: March 2005 | Ans. B: Cost benefit Cost-benefit analysis is a management technique which compares the economic benefit of a programme with its cost. The benefits are expressed in cost of that programme. The benefits are expressed in monetary terms to determine whether a given programme is economically sound, and to select the best o... | 2 | Cost accounting | Cost benefit | System analysis | Network analysis | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | e82e6691-e5e1-4bf7-8623-ebd0b356c50a | multi |
An increase in kVp increases the : | Increasing the kVp of an x-ray machine increases:
The number of photons generated.
The mean energy of the photons.
The maximal energy of the photons.
Ref:Ref: Oral Radiology, Principles and Interpretation / Stuart C. White, Michael J. Pharoah - 7th ed - pg - 10 | 4 | Number of photons generated | Their mean energy | Their maximal energy | All of the above | Radiology | null | cefefb10-7996-481a-b986-080085a1b7ae | multi |
CSF pressure is main/2 _ulated by: | Ans. b. Rate of CSF absorption | 2 | Rate of CSF formation | Rate of CSF absorption | Cerebral blood flow | Venous pressure | Physiology | null | 9267d275-80df-428f-b985-2dca43bf373f | single |
All are true about Histological variety of breast carcinoma EXCEPT: | Breast Cancer MC type is adenocarcinoma and most carcinoma arises from terminal duct lobular unit MC type of Ca breast: Invasive ductal (schirrous) carcinoma Least common type of Ca breast: Papillary Most malignant type of Ca breast: Inflammatory breast cancer Best prognosis is seen in: Tubular Worst prognosis is seen ... | 4 | Most common histological type is adenocarcinoma | Most common histological subtype is Invasive ductal Ca | Least common subtype is Papillary | Worst prognosis is seen in Tubular | Surgery | General Surgery | c834a01d-c748-42fb-b193-5d2f7ab513f5 | multi |
During 3rd month of gestation, hematopoiesis occurs in | From 3rd month of gestation liver and spleen become main site of hematopoiesis-Hepatic phaseSpleen makes smaller contribution compared to liverRef: Medical Physiology Indu Khurana 2015 edition page No:104 | 1 | Liver | Thymus | Spleen | Bone marrow | Physiology | Cardiovascular system | 37ff30f9-4e3f-4a92-8f35-b255bfb8e736 | single |
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (AML-M3) includes which of the following subtypes - | null | 3 | Hyper granular and hypo granular type | Hyper granular and hyper segmented | Hyper granular and micro granular type | Hypo granular and micro granular type | Pathology | null | 48d638ef-1f91-40d7-b6a4-e1eef7faccf0 | single |
Gynaecomastia is caused by which drug ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Spironolactone | 1 | Spironolactone | Rifampicin | Thiazide | Propanolol | Pharmacology | null | 9289b01e-5b0c-4ac4-8b1c-8552b897d7d3 | single |
A child can walk with one hand held, releases object to another person on request and play a simple ball game. What is her age? | At 1 year Walks with one hand held, rises independently Releases object to another person on request Play a simple ball game Say a few words besides &;mama&; &;dada&; Makes postural adjustments to dressing Ref : Nelson 20th edition pg no : 67 | 3 | 6 months | 9 months | 12 months | 18 months | Pediatrics | Growth and development | 3e78fe28-5b2b-4b61-923e-42e9291aebc3 | multi |
Vaccines are sterilised by - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Heat inactivation . Vaccines of nonsporing bacteria are heat inactivated in special vaccine bath at 60degC for one hour. | 4 | Seitz filtration | Hot air oven | Autoclaving | Heat inactivation | Microbiology | null | 1e124010-990f-43cd-8a0d-5aaeaf2a2276 | single |
Burst Fracture of the spine is a- | A burst fracture is a descriptive term for an injury to the spine in which the vertebral body is severely compressed.
They typically occur from severe trauma, such as a motor vehicle accident or a fall from a height.
With a great deal of force vertically onto the spine, a vertebra may be crushed. | 2 | Extension injury | Compression Fracture | Direct injury | Flexion - rotation | Orthopaedics | null | 894a58e9-d295-4aa2-aa82-7fc1332eba4a | single |
Preferred fuel for body in fasting state: | The preferred fuel for the body in:- Fed state is mainly Carbohydrates i.e. Glucose. Fasting state is mainly Fats. Fats stored in adipose tissues are broken down to fatty acids to give energy during fasting and starvation. | 2 | Carbohydrates | Fats | Proteins | Amino acids | Biochemistry | Fuel in Fed, Fasting and Starvation | 07569109-ba08-4da2-b4a9-8669d1ae2abc | single |
All of the following statements are true regarding central nervous system infections, except- | null | 2 | Measles virus is the causative agent for subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis (SSPE) | Cytomegalo virus causes bilateral temporal lobe hemorrahagic infarction | Prions infection causes spongiform encephalopathy | JC virus is causative agent for progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy | Medicine | null | 1c45bc9b-8397-452c-84de-9d2078778f6f | multi |
Grafting done between genetically different individuals of the same species is - | o Based on the donor, the graft may be >
1. Autograft (autogenic graft): Graft from self.
2. Isograft (syngraft): Graft from a genetically unrelated member of same species.
4. Xenograft (heterograft): Graft from different species.
ÿ Orthoptic graft
ÿ Hetera topic graft
→ Graft applied in anatomically normal site eg. sk... | 1 | Allograft | Autograft | Isograft | Xenograft | Pathology | null | 784177e2-ac88-42a3-8f36-749dfb83c4b1 | multi |
Serum analysis of a patient with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction shows abnormal lipid profile. Which of the following lipoprotein is MOST closely associated with hea disease? | LDL cholesterol was prospectively associated with a threefold increased risk of coronary hea disease (CHD), independent of total cholesterol, HDL, and body mass index. The NCEP III guidelines recognize small, dense LDL as a CVD risk factor. LDL delivers cholesterol to peripheral tissues, including atheromatous lesions,... | 3 | Chylomicrons | VLDL | LDL | HDL | Medicine | null | 98c44bf6-d352-4c6f-8953-f79b160de4c8 | multi |
Causes of vulval pain are due to all except: | Vulval pain syndrome
Vulvar pain sensation may be burning, stinging or irritation. It may be due to several reasons:
Aphthous ulcer
Vulval dermatoses
Herpes genitalis
Pudendal or genitofemoral nerve neuralgia
Vulvodynia (burning vulva syndrome)
Vulval vestibulitis syndrome
Referred pain from urethral or vagina
Psychol... | 4 | Neuralgia of the genitofernoral nerve | Herpes | Vulval vestibulitis syndrome | Lichen sclerosus | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 490653a7-1745-4eea-862d-1432c4209cb3 | multi |
A person sustains head trauma leading to transection of pituitary stalk. All can be consequence of this, except - | diabetes mellitus is a multi system disorder due to genetic and environmental factors ( Harrison 17 pg 2275) | 2 | SIADH | Diabetes mellitus | Diabetes incipidus | Hyperprolactinemia | Medicine | Endocrinology | 369ae1fb-c6d1-4a56-a26e-ec1d9b467e27 | multi |
Which of the following compounds is an analogue of hypoxanthine ? | Allopurine is hypoxanthine analogue.
Arabinoside-C (ara-c or cytarabine or cytosine arabinoside) is a deoxycytidine analogue. | 2 | Arabinoside C | Allopurinol | Ribose phosphate | 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) | Biochemistry | null | 454339d1-76ed-412e-81c6-0046ae235638 | multi |
All are seen in the cyst of E. histolytica except - | null | 4 | Glycogen mass | Chromatid bars | Eccentric nucleus | Refractile nucleus | Microbiology | null | 4faa8d47-b12e-47fc-a347-16a1f78730c8 | multi |
Ideal age for repair of vaginal agenesis is: | Ans. is d, i.e. Before marriageRef: Shaw 15th/ed, p96* Repair of vaginal agenesis (in testicular feminization syndrome and Mayer Rokitansky-Kuster Hauser syndrome) is done by vaginoplasty.* Vaginoplasty should only be performed when the girl is just married or about to be married.Techniques:* Construction of artificial... | 4 | 6 months | 3 years | At puberty | Before marriage | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Malformation of the Female Generative Organs | 3639d123-7335-4cdf-b584-61f7f3dd449e | single |
The rash which is not central in predisposition is: | Centripetal rash (Primarily central/truncal) Mnemonic: "Red Rashes Scare Parents Very Much" Centrifugal rash (Primarily on extremities) Mnemonic: You drive CARS with your Hands and Feet Rubella CA - Coxsackie A Virus (Hand, Foot, Mouth disease) Roseola R-Rocky Mountain spotted fever Scarlet fever S-Secondary syphilis P... | 3 | Epidemic typhus | Measles | Secondary syphilis | Typhoid | Dental | Viral infections | 2bb5625e-d6dc-479e-8a84-29a05f69b24d | single |
Which of the following is true statement regarding Rapport? | Ans. A. Feeling of harmony that promotes a therapeutic relationshipRapport is the spontaneous, conscious feeling of harmony that promotes the development of a therapeutic alliance. It implies an understanding and trust between the doctor and patient. Frequently, the doctor is the only person to whom a patient can talk ... | 1 | Feeling of harmony that promotes a therapeutic relationship | Patient projecting feelings from past relationships to the doctor | Doctor projecting feelings onto the patient | Not significant in obtaining the history | Psychiatry | Personality Disorders | b12392b1-b3ec-470f-b4a0-e095f0998e8e | multi |
The pulseless disease is - | Takayasu arteritis
Takayasu arteritis is granulomatous vasculitis of large and medium arteries.
It is characterized principally by ocular disturbance and marked weakening of pulses in the upper extremities Pulseless disease.
It is also characterized by a strong predilection for aortic arch and its branches → Aortic ar... | 2 | Giant cell arteritis | Takayasu arteritis | Kawasaki disease | Polyarteritis nodosa | Pathology | null | 87399bd9-1403-4d02-8e3c-fc5dda4499ba | single |
Which of the following conditions is most likely to be associated with a vaginal pH of 4 ? | Candidal vaginits | 2 | Atrophic vaginitis | Candidal vaginits | Trichomonas vaginitis | Gardnella vaginitis | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 3867fc7a-9fcb-437d-9abc-32ad61987665 | single |
Not a DNA oncovirus - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., HTLV * Many viruses have been implicated in the causation of cancers :A) RNA viruses# All oncogenic RNA viruses belong to family retroviriadae (retroviruses).# Important examples are Avian leukosis virus, murine leukosis virus, murine mammary tumor virus, HIV (causing AIDS related malignancies) and Hu... | 3 | HSV-2 | HPV | HTLV | HBV | Microbiology | Virology | d0376200-04ae-4fd5-8963-06dff113b9e6 | single |
Odema occurs when plasma protein level is below- | Under normal circumstances albumin accounts for almost half of the total plasma protein. Therefore conditions in which albumin is either lost from the circulation or synthesized in inadequate amounts are common causes of reduced plasma osmotic pressure. In nephrotic syndrome , damaged glomerular capillaries become leak... | 3 | 8 mg\/dl | 2 mg\/dl | 5 mg\/dl | 10 mg\/dl | Pathology | General pathology | 8d632884-bc49-4397-bd96-21a442916e26 | single |
Which of the following colonic polyps is not premalignant - | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Juvenile polyps Hamartomatous polyps (juvenile polyp is also a hamartomatous polyp) by definition do not have malignant potential. They are characterized by overgrowth of normal components of colon, such as epithelium and connective tissue.These hamartomatous polyps are seen in following syndromes - Fa... | 1 | Juvenile polyps | Hamartomatous polyps associated with Peutz- Jegher's syndrome | Villous adenomas | Tubular adenomas | Surgery | Colon and Rectum - Polyps and Carcinoma | 13cb24db-ffd9-44d8-8248-92c0711f0595 | single |
In depression all are true EXCEPT | (D) Delusion of persecution # Depressed Mood> In severe depression, there may be complete anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure).> This results in three common types of depressive ideas, i.e.> Hopelessness ('there is no hope in future due to pessimism').> Helplessness ('no help is possible').> Worthlessness ('fee... | 4 | Hopelessness | Delusion of nihilism | Complete anhedonia | Delusion of persecution | Medicine | Miscellaneous | 3e7c4de0-38ee-4f75-ab4e-1e737c855e4a | multi |
Risk of ovarian carcinoma with BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutation is: | The risk of ovarian cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers ranges from 20 to 40%, which is 10 times higher than that in the general population. Prophylactic oophorectomy is a reasonable prevention option in mutation carriers. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology recommends that women with a documented... | 3 | <5% | 10% | 30% | 60% | Surgery | null | 29fa1e42-62ee-4a65-92d9-ef43245f7c96 | single |
The flow in the affected perforator in case of varicose veins is | Physiologically flow is from superficial to deep veins, valves prevent flow back into superficial system. When perforator becomes affected in varicose veins, valves are dysfunctional and flow occurs from deep to superficial veins. Reference: Bailey and love, 27th edition, page 971 | 2 | From superficial to deep | From deep to superficial | No flow | Can be both directions | Surgery | Vascular surgery | 98e516c3-04f4-4a5b-8653-218f485e4ec8 | multi |
Following ridge form according to Angle is included in ? | null | 3 | Class I | Class II | Class III | Class IV | Dental | null | a67b4eb4-d3a4-4677-8be1-359e46fc5337 | single |
Most sensitive test for diagnosing asymptomatic chlamydia infection is: | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Nucleic acid amplificationRef: Harrison, 19th/e, p. 1165 and Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 415NAAT (Nucleic acid amplification test) - PCR, LCR (Ligase Chain Reaction).Most sensitive test in cervical C. trachomatis. | 2 | Tissue culture | Nucleic acid amplification | Serology | Serum electrophoresis | Microbiology | Bacteria | 223402e2-79e2-4eff-9a9f-8c3c24ea7ca8 | single |
Cushing's Triad include all except: | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Hypothermia Cushing's triad consists of Bradycardia Hypertension Irregular respirationCushing's reflex or triad is a special type of CNS ischemic response that results from increased pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid around the brain in the cranial vault.For instance, when intracranial pressure incre... | 3 | Hypertension | Bradycardia | Hypothermia | Irregular respiration | Physiology | Heart, Circulation, and Blood | b8157f6d-fb68-4d64-b370-a751dfa5f189 | multi |
The enzyme defect in von Gierke&;s disease (type-1 glycogen storage disease) is | Von Gierke disease:DiseaseEnzyme deficiencyClinical featuresVon Gierke disease Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiencyGlycogen accumulation in liver and renal tubule cells; hypoglycemia; lactic acidemia; ketosis; hyperlipemiaReference: Harper&;s Biochemistry; 30th edition; Chapter 18; Metabolism of Glycogen | 4 | Glycogen phosphorylase | Debranching enzyme | Phosphoglucomutase | Glucose-6-phosphate | Biochemistry | Endocrinology | 1eac4f43-bdc9-4b27-89c1-823170357b49 | single |
A 23-year-old female presented with jaundice and pallor for 2 months. Her peripheral blood smear shows the presence of spherocytes. The most relevant investigation to arrive at a diagnosis is - | Young female, with 2 years history of anemia and peripheral blood demonstrating spherocytes points towards the diagnosis of auto-immune hemolytic anemia.
Immune hemolytic (autoimmune hemolytic) anemia is the most common cause of spherocytes.
It is caused by auto antibodies against RBCs.
Detection of autoantibodies by C... | 3 | Reticulocyte count | Osmotic fragility test | Coombs test | Tests for PNH | Pathology | null | 0807ca37-4e02-4498-90e3-a4fd366e2fa4 | multi |
A multi-parous P3L3 young lady who delivered normally 3 weeks ago suddenly developed dyspnea with cardiac failure. She has no H/O cardiac disease before /during pregnancy. She had tachycardia and peripheral edema. Her hemoglobin was 9 gm/dl. Her Echo has revealed an EF of 35%. Which one of the following is the most lik... | Acute Ml Ruled out as chest pain at rest, elevated cardio-markers or ECG changes are not present. DVT with PE Develops suddenly and is a close answer but point against is Echo finding of only low ejection fraction. In PE, Echo shows RV dyskinesia with or without tricuspid regurgitation. The interventricular septal deti... | 4 | Acute MI | Deep vein thrombosis with pulmonary embolism | Amniotic fluid embolism | Peri-paum cardiomyopathy | Medicine | Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Brugada Syndrome | 4ecf3eaa-4f70-4490-8b2d-444bd1257d79 | multi |
Bone removing cells - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Osteoclasts o The cells responsible for bone formation are osteoblasts and the cells responsible for bone resorption are osteoclasts. Cell in Boneo The cells of bone are :-OsteoblastsOsteoblasts form a cell layer over bone surfaces. The bone is essentially enveloped by the osteoblasts, since the cells... | 2 | Osteoblasts | Osteoclasts | Stem cells | Cytotoxic T cells | Physiology | Calcium Metabolism | 2ffed274-7f9a-4504-895f-850f3065a45e | single |
A 30 year old male had severely itchy papula-vesicular lesions on both knees, elbows, upper back and buttocks for one year. Direct immunofluorescence staining of the lesions showed IgA deposition at dermoepidermal junction and dermal papilla. The most probable diagnosis is : | C i.e. Dermatitis herpetiformis | 3 | Pemphigus vulagris | Bullous pemphigoid | Dermatitis herpetiforms | Nummular eczema | Skin | null | 63813fc9-f796-425b-9eca-9b78b8c60f03 | multi |
Which of the following is false regarding systemic juvenile idiopathic ahritis (sJIA)? | Rheumatoid ahritis (RA) factor is negative in systemic-onset JIA ; it is positive in polyahritic type of JIA. Ref: Nelson textbook of pediatrics 21st edition. Pgno: 1260 | 1 | RA factor positive | High fever with rash | Hepatosplenomegaly | Elevated ESR | Pediatrics | Musculoskeletal disorders | 3caa9d02-e663-42dd-a7bd-56d61e098eac | multi |
MRI done in a 28yrs old male suffering from Neurofibromatosis 2 showed ice cream cone appearance. On asking he fuher revealed that it began with ringing sensation in ears which progressed to balance problems and hearing loss. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis | NF2 is associated with bilateral vestibular schwannomas and hearing loss benign tumors usually originate from perineural fibroblasts. intracranial schwannomas originate from vestibular branch of eighth cranial nerve. Malignant schwannomas although rare, are treated with radiation therapy, if the curative resection is n... | 3 | Meningioma | Ependymoma | Schwannoma | Gangioneuroma | Surgery | CNS Tumors | c45b6d87-fdc3-4f29-a137-03624c1d9495 | single |
All are involved in bilirubin metabolism except? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., ALA synthase | 1 | ALA synthase | Heme oxygenase | Biliverdine reductase | Glucuronyl transferase | Biochemistry | null | 1e43053e-7603-49ad-9f05-407e1714e1ba | multi |
Eustachian valve is seen in - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., IVC opening in right atrium o Opening of IVC in right atrium is guarded by - Eustachian valve (rudimentary valve). o Opening of coronary sinus in right atrium is guarded by - Semilunar valve/Thebesian valve (functional valve) | 3 | Eustachian tube opening at nasopharyngeal end | Eustachian tube opening in tympanic cavity | IVC opening in right atrium | Coronary sinus opening in right atrium | Anatomy | Pericardium & Heart | 3e442fe7-a664-44d0-8cfe-ba5d6f8ba76c | single |
Which of the following is not a co-factor for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex | Cofactor for PDH complex are:
Thiamine pyrophosphate (Vit B1), FAD (Vit B2), NAD (Vit B3), CoA (Vit B5), Lipoic acid. | 4 | Thiamine pyrophosphate | FAD | NAD | Biotin | Biochemistry | null | 178f5727-9e1c-4f8f-bc7a-c06cc4689bbd | single |
CO2 in air is measured by | null | 1 | Kieffer test | EPKJMAN'S test | Silvered thermometer | Orthotoludene test | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 74e3c7f5-4739-43ff-9f7f-a5eb73933da5 | single |
Tics, hair pulling, nail biting behavior are best treated with? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Behavior therapy * Nail tic disorders are examples of body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs). They are self-grooming behaviors that include pulling, picking, biting or scraping one's hair, skin or nails. They include -A) Hair pulling to the point of having seriously thinned hair or bald spots, miss... | 2 | Medications | Behavior therapy | ECT | Psychodynamic therapy | Psychiatry | Treatment | 6d575ab1-0e65-4686-ae82-c63da550fca2 | single |
Number of variable regions on each light and heavy chain of an antibody - | A light chain has two successive domains: one constant domain and one variable domain. Heavy chain with one variable (VH) domain followed by a constant domain (CH) Ref: Ananthanarayan & Panikers textbook of microbiology 9th edition pg:94 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Microbiology | Immunology | 8d0950eb-c6d9-4ad6-a53c-1475ac47cbd8 | single |
Which of the following has the least malignant potential? | Among the options given in the question hamaomatous polyps in Peutz Jegher's syndrome has only a small chance of being malignant (39%). Juvenile Polyps given in this question are not solitary polyps, but pa of juvenile polyposis syndrome, which has a risk of about 30 to 60 % to develop into a carcinoma. In HNPCC, there... | 4 | Adenomatous polyps in HNPCC | Juvenile polyps in Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome | Adenomatous Polyps in Familial colonic Polyposis | Hamaomatous Polyps in Peutz Jegher's Syndrome | Surgery | null | 640a5a90-5372-45f5-ba62-82d608cef2e1 | single |
The treatment of congenital glaucoma is – | "Primary combined trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy is safe, effective and sufficiently predictable to be considered the first choice of surgical treatment in primary congenital glaucoma ". — Pediatric glaucoma
Remember following facts about congenital glaucoma
Treatment of choice is comination of trabeculectomy with... | 3 | Essentially topical medications | Trabeculoplasty | Trabeculotomy with trabeculectomy | Cyclocryotherapy | Ophthalmology | null | a0ec15c3-ac3d-47f6-929a-dd663d28492f | multi |
Thinning of cornea occurs in: | Ans. Keratoconus | 4 | Megalocornea | Bullous keratopathy | Endothelial dystrophy | Keratoconus | Ophthalmology | null | f0c0d51a-c980-41d8-b15b-a8de0d6adea5 | single |
The pacemaker potential is due to: | Pacemaker potential is due to slow Na+ >> Rapid Ca++ >> decrease K+ permeability. So, with the provided options, best answer is decrease K+ permeability. | 2 | Fast Na+ channel | Decrease in K+ permeability | Slow Ca++ channel | Rapid repolarization | Physiology | null | e3be0417-827a-4496-b54d-25a2272e44f9 | single |
Most common site of peptic ulcer in duodenum ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., lst pa Peptic ulcer Ulcers are defined histologically as a breach in the mucosa of the alimentry tract that extends through the mucularis mucasea into the submucosa or deep. Peptic ulcers are chronic , most often solitary lesions that occur in any protion of the gastrointestinal tract exposed to the a... | 1 | Pt pa | 2nd pa | 3rd pa | 41h pa | Pathology | null | f384a65e-5e6d-4f13-b24f-b0f4decf6fc8 | single |
Local anaesthetic acts by inhibition of | The nerve resting membrane potential is little affected by local anesthetics. As the concentration of local anesthetic applied to the nerve is increased, a decrease in the rate of depolarization and in the peak amplitude of the action potential occurs until the impulse is abolished. It is not possible, however, to deri... | 1 | Na channels | Mg channels | Ca channels | K channels | Anaesthesia | Fundamental concepts | 5e72fa22-530d-45a1-bc4b-b73c7cc1353e | single |
Subacute sclerosing pan- encephalitis is associated with- | The more serious neurological complications of measles include febrile convulsions, encephalitis, subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis (SSPE) SSPE characterized by progressive mental deterioration leading to paralysis, involuntary movements, muscle rigidity and coma. Frequency of SSPE is about 1:300,000 cases of natura... | 2 | Mumps | Measles | Rubella | Typhoid | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases | d65e60c8-7a9e-475a-a354-54ced724f6d2 | single |
All of the following statement are true regarding panacinar emphysema, except: | Panacinar (panlobular) emphysema. acini are uniformly enlarged from the level of the respiratory bronchiole to the terminal blind alveoli. tends to occur more commonly in the lower zones and in the anterior margins of the lung, and it is usually most severe at the bases. associated with a1-antitrypsin deficiency (autos... | 1 | It affects only bronchiole sparing the alveoli | It have tendency to occur more in lower zones and base of lung | It is associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency | It can cause clinically significant airflow obstruction | Pathology | Obstructive Lung Disease | f1a76fd1-33f2-4964-87c7-0620719da35b | multi |
Thiamine deficiency is best diagnosed the - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Transketolase level in blood THIAMINE (VITAMIN B1)o Thiamine is also called aneurine. Thiamine has a central role in energy-yielding metabolism and especially the metabolism of carbohydrates. The active form of thiamine is thiamine pyrophosphate (TTP) also called thiamine diphosphate (TDP).o Thiamine ... | 2 | Thiamine level in blood | The transketolase level in the blood | Aldolase level in the blood | Thiamine level in urine | Unknown | null | 7734a9a6-b022-4804-b177-5d2e289e8998 | single |
Investigation to diagnose stage-I carcinoma breast: | A i.e. B/L mammogram | 1 | B/ L mammogram | X-ray chest | Bone scan | Liver scan | Radiology | null | 28e5e809-745f-473d-820e-bcbfb046ac3e | single |
Hypehermia- | Hypehermia. Hypehermia (HT) is the use of elevated temperature for the treatment of cancer, in this case, typically using temperatures in the range of 41deg C to 45deg C for 1 hour or more Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 1145b | 1 | Temperature >41.5 | > 40 with autonomic dysfunctuion | No change in hypothalamic thermostat | One which normalises with anti pyretic | Medicine | Miscellaneous | 0b96f02b-e477-4f2f-83e5-2d81b9bcdcdb | single |
Which of the following DOES NOT depend on insulin for glucose uptake : | Option a - Brain does not depend on insulin for glucose uptake Glucose uptake occurs in muscles (cardiac & skeletal) & adipose tissue GLUT-4 , which is insulin dependent. Only GLUT-4 is dependent on Insulin. In brain, GLUT-1 & GLUT-3 are present which are active during fasting state. Insulin always acts in a fed state.... | 1 | Brain | Cardiac muscles | Skeletal muscles | Adipose tissue | Biochemistry | Glucose Transpo | 0f55f2b8-9163-45fd-b8ba-58d4bc017cc8 | single |
Periodontal Screening and Recorder system (PSR) is
recorded by using periodontal probe which has ____________ | null | 2 | Graduation - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 7 | 0.5mm ball tip with color coded 3.5 to 5.5mm | Color coded for every 3mm | Graduated - 1, 5, 10 & 15mm | Dental | null | 4bd53d06-b596-4e38-80b4-697fa8fd7281 | multi |
MHC class - III genes encode | Structure - Major histocompatibility complex, (HLA) complex MHC class III genes encode Complement components C2 and C4 Properdin factor B of alternate pathway TNF - alpha and beta Heat shock proteins Also known as "complement region" | 2 | Complement component C3 | Tumor necrosis factor | Interleukin-2 | Beta-2 microglobulin | Pathology | General pathology | aabc42db-32b4-4e4f-8b41-5a48cdd2911c | single |
A most common type of postpartum psychosis is - | Depression is the most common psychiatric manifestation in patients with AIDS, hypothyroidism (Myxedema), post-partum psychosis, and after an attack of MI. | 2 | Manic | Depressive | Organic | Hallucination | Psychiatry | null | c660a137-5eb3-4e2a-afd3-608d633c240b | multi |
During normal vaginal delivery, deep transverse arrest occurs. Ventous was employed for the safe delivery. This mother may have the following type of pelvis: | Criteria for the deep transverse arrest: The head is deep into the cavity. The sagittal suture is placed in the transverse bispinous diameter and, There is no progress in descent of the head even after 1/2 -1 hour following full dilatation of the cervix. Causes of deep transverse arrest: Faulty pelvic architecture such... | 1 | Flat sacrum and convergent side walls | Gynaecoid | Platypelloid | Anthropoid | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 808272bd-253e-436b-ac29-f5f08d995a42 | multi |
MIBG (metaiodobenzyl guanithidine) is analogue to: | Answer- (C) NorepinephrinePheochromocytoma can be localized using radioactive tracers including 131 I-or 123 l- metaiodobenzyl guanithidine (MIBG), 111 ln-somatostatin analogues, or 18 F-dopa (or dopamine) Positron-emission tomography (PET). | 3 | Epinephrine | Adenine | Norepinephrine | Guanine | Medicine | null | 9fd308d2-0a43-4bef-a757-b2fd22368cbb | single |
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