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Regulus Grammar Compiler : Official website Regulus Grammar Compiler on SourceForge
Reverso (language tools) : Reverso is a French company specialized in AI-based language tools, translation aids, and language services. These include online translation based on neural machine translation (NMT), contextual dictionaries, online bilingual concordances, grammar and spell checking and conjugation tools.
Reverso (language tools) : Reverso has been active since 1998, with the aim of providing online translation and linguistic tools to corporate and mass markets. In 2013 it released Reverso Context, a bilingual dictionary tool based on big data and machine learning algorithms. In 2016 Reverso acquired Fleex, a service fo...
Reverso (language tools) : Reverso's suite of online linguistic services has over 96 million users, and comprises various types of language web apps and tools for translation and language learning. Its tools support many languages, including Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Hebrew, Spanish, Italian, Turkish, Ukrainian...
Reverso (language tools) : Linguee, another collection of online bilingual concordances Translation memory Parallel text
Reverso (language tools) : Official Website Reverso Context Reverso Conjugator
RiTa : RiTa is an open-source software toolkit for generative writing and English natural language, originally developed using the Java language by Daniel C. Howe and collaborators, and later implemented in JavaScript as rita.js. Current versions of RiTa (Version 3.0 was released in 2023) are implemented in both Java a...
RiTa : RiTa is free, libre and open-source according to the GNU General Public License.
RiTa : The name RiTa is derived from the old Norse, meaning to mark, scratch, or scribble.
RiTa : Howe, Daniel C. (2009), RiTa: Creativity Support for Computational Literature (PDF), ACM Press, pp. 205–210 Howe, Daniel; Soderman, A. Braxton (2009), The Aesthetics of Generative Literature: Lessons from an Electronic Writing Workshop., Hyperrhiz: New Media Cultures, Visionary Landscapes, Vol. 6., doi:10.20415/...
ROUGE (metric) : ROUGE, or Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation, is a set of metrics and a software package used for evaluating automatic summarization and machine translation software in natural language processing. The metrics compare an automatically produced summary or translation against a reference o...
ROUGE (metric) : The following five evaluation metrics are available. ROUGE-N: Overlap of n-grams between the system and reference summaries. ROUGE-1 refers to the overlap of unigrams (each word) between the system and reference summaries. ROUGE-2 refers to the overlap of bigrams between the system and reference summar...
ROUGE (metric) : BLEU F-Measure METEOR NIST (metric) Noun-phrase chunking Word error rate (WER)
ROUGE (metric) : ROUGE Usage Tutorial Java Implementation of ROUGE
S Voice : S Voice is a discontinued intelligent personal assistant and knowledge navigator which is only available as a built-in application for the Samsung Galaxy S III, S III Mini (including NFC), S4, S4 Mini, S4 Active, S5, S5 Mini, S II Plus, Note II, Note 3, Note 4, Note 10.1, Note 8.0, Stellar, Mega, Grand, Avant...
S Voice : Bixby Cortana Google Assistant Google Now Siri Amazon Alexa Google Gemini == References ==
SHRDLU : SHRDLU is an early natural-language understanding computer program that was developed by Terry Winograd at MIT in 1968–1970. In the program, the user carries on a conversation with the computer, moving objects, naming collections and querying the state of a simplified "blocks world", essentially a virtual box ...
SHRDLU : SHRDLU is primarily a language parser that allows user interaction using English terms. The user instructs SHRDLU to move various objects around in the "blocks world" containing various basic objects: blocks, cones, balls, etc. What made SHRDLU unique was the combination of four simple ideas that added up to m...
SHRDLU : SHRDLU was considered a tremendously successful demonstration of artificial intelligence (AI). This led other AI researchers to excessive optimism which was soon lost when later systems attempted to deal with situations with a more realistic level of ambiguity and complexity. Subsequent efforts of the SHRDLU t...
SHRDLU : Planner programming language
SHRDLU : Winograd, Terry (1970-08-24). "Procedures as a Representation for Data in a Computer Program for Understanding Natural Language" (PDF). MIT AI Technical Report 235. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-03. Winograd, Terry (January 1972). "Understanding natural language". Cognitive Psychology. 3 (1): 1–1...
SHRDLU : Winograd, Terry (2001). "SHRDLU". Archived from the original on 2020-08-17. – Terry Winograd's SHRDLU page, includes source code (Unknown) (2013-08-22). "SHRDLU resurrection". Archived from the original on 2017-11-17. - A re-written versions of SHRDLU, including a Java3D version The first complete replication ...
SILVIA : Symbolically Isolated Linguistically Variable Intelligence Algorithms (SILVIA) is a core platform technology developed by Cognitive Code. SILVIA was developed and designed to recognize and interpret speech and text, and interact with applications and operating systems. The technology can operate from the cloud...
SILVIA : Cognitive Code and its technology platform were included in the list of TechCrunch's TechCrunch40 in 2007.
SILVIA : Official website
Siri : Siri ( SEER-ee, backronym: Speech Interpretation and Recognition Interface) is a digital assistant purchased, developed, and popularized by Apple Inc., which is included in the iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, macOS, tvOS, audioOS, and visionOS operating systems. It uses voice queries, gesture based control, focus-tracking...
Siri : Siri is a spin-out from the Stanford Research Institute's Artificial Intelligence Center and is an offshoot of the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA)-funded CALO project. SRI International used the NABC Framework to define the value proposition for Siri. It was co-founded by Dag Kittlaus, Tom...
Siri : Siri has been updated with enhanced capabilities made possible by Apple Intelligence. In macOS Sequoia, iOS 18, and iPadOS 18, Siri features an updated user interface, improved natural language processing, and the option to interact via text by double tapping the home bar without enabling the feature in the Acce...
Siri : The original American voice of Siri was recorded in July 2005 by Susan Bennett, who was unaware it would eventually be used for the voice assistant. A report from The Verge in September 2013 about voice actors, their work, and machine learning developments, hinted that Allison Dufty was the voice behind Siri, bu...
Siri : Siri released as a stand-alone application for the iOS operating system in February 2010, and at the time, the developers were also intending to release Siri for Android and BlackBerry devices. Two months later, Apple acquired Siri. On October 4, 2011, Apple introduced the iPhone 4S with a beta version of Siri. ...
Siri : Apple offers a wide range of voice commands to interact with Siri, including, but not limited to: Phone and text actions, such as "Call Melissa", "Read my new messages", "Set the timer for 10 minutes", and "Send email to mom" Check basic information, including "What's the weather like today?" and "How many dolla...
Siri : Siri received mixed reviews during its beta release as an integrated part of the iPhone 4S in October 2011. MG Siegler of TechCrunch wrote that Siri was "great," praising the potential for Siri after losing the beta tag: The amount of times Siri hasn't been able to understand and execute my request is astonishin...
Siri : In June 2016, The Verge's Sean O'Kane wrote about the then-upcoming major iOS 10 updates, with a headline stating "Siri's big upgrades won't matter if it can't understand its users": What Apple didn't talk about was solving Siri's biggest, most basic flaws: it's still not very good at voice recognition, and when...
Siri : In July 2019, a then-anonymous whistleblower and former Apple contractor Thomas le Bonniec said that Siri regularly records some of its users' conversations even when it was not activated. The recordings are sent to Apple contractors grading Siri's responses on a variety of factors. Among other things, the contr...
Siri : The iOS version of Siri ships with a vulgar content filter; however, it is disabled by default and must be enabled by the user manually. In 2018, Ars Technica reported a new glitch that could be exploited by a user requesting the definition of "mother" be read out loud. Siri would issue a response and ask the us...
Siri : Siri provided the voice of 'Puter in The Lego Batman Movie.
Siri : List of speech recognition software Amazon Alexa
Siri : For a detailed article on the history of the organizations and technologies preceding the development of Siri, and their influence upon that application, see Bianca Bosker, 2013, "Siri Rising: The Inside Story Of Siri's Origins (And Why She Could Overshadow The iPhone)", in The Huffington Post (online), January ...
Siri : Official website Siri's supported languages SiriKit, Siri for developers "The Story of Siri, by its founder Adam Cheyer". wit.ai. December 18, 2014. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
SoundHound : SoundHound AI, Inc. (Nasdaq: SOUN) is a voice artificial intelligence (AI) company founded in 2005. It is headquartered in Santa Clara, California. SoundHound provides a voice AI platform that enables businesses to offer customized conversational experiences to consumers. SoundHound's technologies are used...
SoundHound : The company was co-founded in 2005 by Keyvan Mohajer, an Iranian-Canadian computer scientist and entrepreneur who specializes in voice AI. In 2009, the company's music discovery app Midomi was rebranded as SoundHound, but is still available as a web version on midomi.com. The app grew from 2 million users ...
SoundHound : According to a June 2015 article, SoundHound Inc. had raised a total of $40 million in funding with investments from Global Catalyst Partners, Translink Capital, Walden Venture Capital, and others. This included $7 million in a Series B funding round the company secured in October 2008, bringing total fund...
SoundHound : Artificial intelligence Generative artificial intelligence Speech recognition Natural language understanding
SoundHound : Business data for SoundHound AI, Inc.:
TeLQAS : TeLQAS (Telecommunication Literature Question Answering System) is an experimental question answering system developed for answering English questions in the telecommunications domain.
TeLQAS : TeLQAS includes three main subsystems: an online subsystem, an offline subsystem, and an ontology. The online subsystem answers questions submitted by users in real time. During the online process, TeLQAS processes the question using a natural language processing component that implements part-of-speech taggin...
Translate (Apple) : Translate is a translation app developed by Apple for their iOS and iPadOS devices. Introduced on June 22, 2020, it functions as a service for translating text sentences or speech between several languages and was officially released on September 16, 2020, along with iOS 14. All translations are pro...
Translate (Apple) : On June 7, 2021, Apple announced that the app would be available on iPad models running iPadOS 15, as well as Macs running macOS Monterey alongside other system-wide translation features. The app was officially released for iPad models on September 20, 2021, along with iPadOS 15. On June 6, 2022, Ap...
Translate (Apple) : Translate originally supported the translation between the UK (British) and US (American) dialects of English, Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, French, German, the European dialect of Spanish, Italian, Japanese, Korean, the Brazilian dialect of Portuguese and Russian. This grew to 17 languages as six new l...
Translate (Apple) : Comparison of machine translation applications == References ==
UBY : UBY is a large-scale lexical-semantic resource for natural language processing (NLP) developed at the Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab (UKP) in the department of Computer Science of the Technische Universität Darmstadt . UBY is based on the ISO standard Lexical Markup Framework (LMF) and combines information f...
UBY : English resources: WordNet, Wiktionary, Wikipedia, FrameNet, VerbNet, OmegaWiki German resources: German Wikipedia, German Wiktionary, OntoWiktionary, GermaNet and IMSLex-Subcat Multilingual resources: OmegaWiki.
UBY : UBY-LMF is a format for standardizing lexical resources for Natural Language Processing (NLP). UBY-LMF conforms to the ISO standard for lexicons: LMF, designed within the ISO-TC37, and constitutes a so-called serialization of this abstract standard. In accordance with the LMF, all attributes and other linguistic ...
UBY : UBY is available as part of the open resource repository DKPro. DKPro UBY is a Java framework for creating and accessing sense-linked lexical resources in accordance with the UBY-LMF lexicon model. While the code of UBY is licensed under a mix of free licenses such as GPL and CC by SA, some of the included resour...
UBY : BabelNet is an automatically lexical semantic resource that links Wikipedia to the most popular computational lexicons such as WordNet. At first glance, UBY and BabelNet seem to be identical and competitive projects; however, the two resources follow different philosophies. In its early stage, BabelNet was primar...
UBY : UBY has been successfully used in different NLP tasks such as Word Sense Disambiguation, Word Sense Clustering, Verb Sense Labeling and Text Classification. UBY also inspired other projects on automatic construction of lexical semantic resources. Furthermore, lemonUby was used to improve machine translation resul...
UBY : BabelNet EuroWordNet Wiktionary
UBY : UBY website UBY Browser DKPro UBY project on Github lemonUBY == References ==
Voice Mate : Voice Mate, formerly called Quick Voice and later Q Voice, is an intelligent personal assistant and knowledge navigator which is only available as a built-in application for various LG smartphones. The application uses a natural language user interface to answer questions, make recommendations, and perform...
Voice Mate : == References ==
WolframAlpha : WolframAlpha ( WUULf-rəm-) is an answer engine developed by Wolfram Research. It is offered as an online service that answers factual queries by computing answers from externally sourced data.
WolframAlpha : Launch preparations for WolframAlpha began on May 15, 2009, at 7:00 pm CDT with a live broadcast on Justin.tv. The plan was to publicly launch the service a few hours later. However, there were issues due to extreme load. The service officially launched on May 18, 2009, receiving mixed reviews. The engin...
WolframAlpha : Users submit queries and computation requests via a text field. WolframAlpha then computes answers and relevant visualizations from a knowledge base of curated, structured data that come from other sites and books. It can respond to particularly phrased natural language fact-based questions. It displays ...
WolframAlpha : Some WolframAlpha input
WolframAlpha : Official website
Writer Inc. : Writer is a generative artificial intelligence company based in San Francisco, California that offers a full-stack generative AI platform for enterprises. In September 2023, Writer raised $100m in a Series B led by ICONIQ Growth with participation from Insight Partners, WndrCo, Balderton Capital, and Aspe...
Writer Inc. : Qordoba was incorporated in the U.S. in 2015 by co-founders May Habib and Waseem AlShikh. The two then started Writer, Inc. in August 2020. In February 2023, Writer launched three large language models — Palmyra-Small with 128 million parameters, Palmyra-Base with 5 billion parameters, and Palmyra-Large w...
Writer Inc. : Artificial intelligence Machine learning Natural language processing Natural language generation
Writer Inc. : Official website
Yandex Translate : Yandex Translate (Russian: Яндекс Переводчик, romanized: Yandeks Perevodchik) is a web service provided by Yandex, intended for the translation of web pages into another language. The service uses a self-learning statistical machine translation, developed by Yandex. The system constructs the dictiona...
Yandex Translate : Immediately after the launch of the translator in beta mode in the spring of 2010, it was only available in three languages — English, Russian and Ukrainian, with a limit of 10,000 characters. Yandex.Translate has some languages that are missing from Google Translate, such as Russia's national minori...
Yandex Translate : Yandex.Translate, like other automatic translation tools, has its limitations. When the online service was first introduced, the head of Yandex.Translate, Alexei Baitin, stated that although machine translation cannot be compared to a literary text, the translations produced by the system can provide...
Yandex Translate : According to Arkady Volozh, founder and CEO of Yandex, the mechanism of Translate is as follows: Previously, machine translation was based on "the meaning of the text" model: take any language, translate the words in the universal language of the senses, and then translate these meanings in the words...
Yandex Translate : the mobile app for iOS is available for the transliteration of the Arabic, Armenian, Chinese (Pinyin), Georgian, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean and Persian languages; voice input; photo text translation feature (uses its own OCR (optical character recognition) technology) – in apps for mobile phones...
Yandex Translate : Yandex.Translate (in English)
Yellow.ai : Yellow.ai, formerly Yellow Messenger, is a multinational company headquartered in San Mateo, California focused on customer service automation. It was founded in 2016 and provides an AI platform for automating customer support experiences across chat and voice. The platform supports more than 135 languages ...
Yellow.ai : Yellow.ai was founded in 2016 by Raghu Ravinutala, Jaya Kishore Reddy Gollareddy, and Rashid Khan in Bangalore, India. Raghavendra Ravinutala and Jaya Kishore Reddy Gollareddy left their full-time jobs to establish Yellow.ai, and they met Rashid Khan at a college hackathon, where he began working with them....
Yellow.ai : In June 2019, Yellow.ai completed a series A funding of $4 million led by Lightspeed Venture Partners and angel investors such as Phanindra Sama, founder of RedBus, Anand Swaminathan, senior partner, McKinsey & Company, Limeroad founder Prashant Malik, and Snapdeal founder Kunal Bahl. In April 2020, it rais...
Yellow.ai : The company won the Frost & Sullivan Technology Innovation Leadership Award in 2021. Entrepreneur magazine named Yellow.ai the Best AI Startup of the Year at the Entrepreneur India Startup Awards 2022. It was awarded Best Chat/Conversational Bot/Tool during the MarTech Leadership Summit 2022. The Financial ...
Yellow.ai : Amazon Alexa Bixby (virtual assistant) Cortana (software) Google Assistant Apple Siri Viv (software) == References ==
Natural language generation : Natural language generation (NLG) is a software process that produces natural language output. A widely cited survey of NLG methods describes NLG as "the subfield of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics that is concerned with the construction of computer systems that can p...
Natural language generation : The Pollen Forecast for Scotland system is a simple example of a simple NLG system that could essentially be based on a template. This system takes as input six numbers, which give predicted pollen levels in different parts of Scotland. From these numbers, the system generates a short text...
Natural language generation : The process to generate text can be as simple as keeping a list of canned text that is copied and pasted, possibly linked with some glue text. The results may be satisfactory in simple domains such as horoscope machines or generators of personalized business letters. However, a sophisticat...
Natural language generation : As in other scientific fields, NLG researchers need to test how well their systems, modules, and algorithms work. This is called evaluation. There are three basic techniques for evaluating NLG systems: Task-based (extrinsic) evaluation: give the generated text to a person, and assess how w...
Natural language generation : Autocompletion Automated journalism Automated paraphrasing Markov text generators Meaning-text theory Generative art § Literature
Natural language generation : Dale, Robert; Reiter, Ehud (2000). Building natural language generation systems. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-02451-8. Evans, Roger; Piwek, Paul; Cahill, Lynne (2002). What is NLG?. INLG2002. New York, US. paper Gatt, Albert; Krahmer, Emiel (2018). "Survey of t...
1 the Road : 1 the Road is an experimental novel composed by artificial intelligence (AI). Emulating Jack Kerouac's On the Road, Ross Goodwin drove from New York to New Orleans in March 2017 with an AI in a laptop hooked up to various sensors, whose output the AI turned into words that were printed on rolls of receipt ...
1 the Road : Emulating Jack Kerouac's novel On the Road, Ross Goodwin traveled from New York to New Orleans in March 2017 with three sensors, providing real-world input; a surveillance camera mounted on the trunk, trained on the passing scenery; a microphone, picking up conversations inside the car, and additionally th...
1 the Road : Thomas Hornigold, writing for Singularity Hub, concluded that the AI is no Jack Kerouac, but that "you might see, in the odd line, the flickering ghost of something like consciousness, a deeper understanding". Brian Merchant of The Atlantic read the entire novel in one sitting. He could not recognize a coh...
1 the Road : Ross Goodwin, a former ghostwriter for the Obama administration and a creative technologist, has often used neural networks to create poetry and screenplays. Notable works include the short film Sunspring, starring Thomas Middleditch and directed by Goodwin's frequent collaborator Oscar Sharp, and Word.Cam...
1 the Road : "All the time the sun / Is wheeling out of a dark bright ground". "The time was one minute past midnight. But he was the only one who had to sit on his way back. The time was one minute after midnight and the wind was still standing on the counter and the little patch of straw was still still and the stree...
1 the Road : Automatic On The Road - Gonzo AI Robot Writes Road Trip Novel, 11-minute documentary by Lewis Rapkin
Arria NLG : Arria NLG plc is a New Zealand-based company with headquarters in the US. Arria offers artificial intelligence technology in data analytics and information delivery. It is one of the companies in the space of automatic text generation, with a focus on Natural Language Generation (NLG). When it floated on Lo...
Arria NLG : The company was founded in 2009 under the name Data2Text Ltd. by Arria's Chief Scientist Professor Ehud Reiter, Senior Lecturer Dr Yaji Sripada, and post-doctoral researcher Dr Ross Turner from the NLG research group at the University of Aberdeen, and meteorologist/entrepreneur Ian Davy. In May 2012, Data2T...
Arria NLG : Arria's NLG Engine uses pattern recognition to distill the information from its input data into human-readable text. It consists of two components: The analysis and interpretation component takes raw transactional or sensor data and turns it into information using rules based on the knowledge of a domain ex...
Arria NLG : Data2Text Ltd. focused on the automatic conversion of meteorological data and data from oil and gas platforms into natural language reports. The group is also developing applications providing automatic analysis and reporting capabilities for fraud detection, risk mitigation and compliance to the banking in...
Arria NLG : Natural language generation Natural language processing Natural language understanding Computational linguistics Computational Linguistics (journal) Analytics Big data Data analysis
Arria NLG : Official Website. University of Aberdeen Natural Language Generation group. Ehud Reiter’s research page. Yaji Sripada’s research page. Robert Dale’s research page. == References ==
Automated Insights : Automated Insights (AI) is an American-based technology company specializing in natural language generation (NLG) software that turns big data into readable narratives. Automated Insights is a company that specializes in natural language generation (NLG) technology. Their flagship product, Wordsmit...
Automated Insights : The company was founded by Robbie Allen in 2007 while he was a full-time engineer at Cisco Systems. The company was initially named Stat-Sheet and provided in-depth statistics for NCAA basketball along with other sports. The company then changed its name to Automated Insights in 2011 to mark its ex...