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Future of Life Institute : Future of Humanity Institute Centre for the Study of Existential Risk Global catastrophic risk Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence Machine Intelligence Research Institute The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity |
General Data Protection Regulation : The General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679), abbreviated GDPR, is a European Union regulation on information privacy in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA). The GDPR is an important component of EU privacy law and human rights law, in p... |
General Data Protection Regulation : The GDPR 2016 has eleven chapters, concerning general provisions, principles, rights of the data subject, duties of data controllers or processors, transfers of personal data to third countries, supervisory authorities, cooperation among member states, remedies, liability or penalti... |
General Data Protection Regulation : These are some cases which are not addressed in the GDPR specifically, thus are treated as exemptions. Personal or household activities Law enforcement National security: Art. 30 Conversely, an entity or more precisely an "enterprise" has to be engaged in "economic activity" to be c... |
General Data Protection Regulation : The GDPR also applies to data controllers and processors outside of the European Economic Area (EEA) if they are engaged in the "offering of goods or services" (regardless of whether a payment is required) to data subjects within the EEA, or are monitoring the behaviour of data subj... |
General Data Protection Regulation : Some common misconceptions about GDPR include: All processing of personal data requires consent of the data subject In fact, data can be processed without consent if one of the other five lawful bases for processing applies, and obtaining consent may often be inappropriate. Individu... |
General Data Protection Regulation : As per a study conducted by Deloitte in 2018, 92% of companies believe they are able to comply with GDPR in their business practices in the long run. Companies operating outside of the EU have invested heavily to align their business practices with GDPR. The area of GDPR consent has... |
General Data Protection Regulation : Academic experts who participated in the formulation of the GDPR wrote that the law "is the most consequential regulatory development in information policy in a generation. The GDPR brings personal data into a complex and protective regulatory regime." Despite having had at least tw... |
General Data Protection Regulation : 25 January 2012: The proposal for the GDPR was released. 21 October 2013: The European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE) had its orientation vote. 15 December 2015: Negotiations between the European Parliament, Council and Commission (Formal Tr... |
General Data Protection Regulation : The EU Digital Single Market strategy relates to "digital economy" activities related to businesses and people in the EU. As part of the strategy, the GDPR and the NIS Directive all apply from 25 May 2018. The proposed ePrivacy Regulation was also planned to be applicable from 25 Ma... |
General Data Protection Regulation : Similar privacy laws in other countries: General Personal Data Protection Law (LGPD) (Brazil) California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) (USA) Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) (China) Nigeria Data Protection Act, 2023 (NDP Act) ... |
General Data Protection Regulation : General Data Protection Regulation consolidated text General Data Protection Regulation initial legal act Data protection, European Commission Procedure 2012/0011/COD Procedure for the proposed revised legal framework (General Data Protection Regulation) Handbook on European data pr... |
Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence : The Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI, pronounced "gee-pay") is an international initiative established to guide the responsible development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) in a manner that respects human rights and the shared democratic values o... |
Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence : The Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence was announced on the margins of the 2018 G7 Summit by Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and French President Emmanuel Macron. It officially launched on June 15, 2020 with fifteen founding members: Australia, Canada, F... |
Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence : The following 29 members of the GPAI are: Argentina Australia Belgium Brazil Canada Czech Republic Denmark France Germany India Ireland Israel Italy Japan Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Poland Republic of Korea Senegal Serbia Singapore Slovenia Spain Sweden Turkey United ... |
Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence : GPAI's experts collaborate across several Working Groups themes: Responsible AI (including an ad-hoc subgroup on AI and Pandemic Response), Data Governance, Future of Work, and Innovation & Commercialization. GPAI's Working Groups are supported by two Centres of Expertise... |
Interim Measures for the Management of Generative AI Services : The Interim Measures for the Management of Generative AI Services (Chinese: 生成式人工智能服务管理暂行办法; pinyin: Shēngchéng shì réngōng zhìnéng fúwù guǎnlǐ zànxíng bànfǎ) are a set of measures introduced by China to regulate public-facing generative artificial intelli... |
ITU-WHO Focus Group on Artificial Intelligence for Health : The ITU-WHO Focus Group on Artificial Intelligence for Health (AI for Health) is an inter-agency collaboration between the World Health Organization and the ITU, which created a benchmarking framework to assess the accuracy of AI in health. This organization c... |
ITU-WHO Focus Group on Artificial Intelligence for Health : The Deliverables (outputs) of the Focus Group AI for Health are structured in the AI for Health Framework, which roughly corresponds to the dashed-line area in the above ecosystem diagram. Depending on their primary domain being health or ICT, the individual c... |
ITU-WHO Focus Group on Artificial Intelligence for Health : World Health Organization (WHO) ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector Artificial intelligence in healthcare Digital health Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning == References == |
National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence : The National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence (NSCAI) was an independent commission of the United States of America from 2018 to 2021. Its mission was to make recommendations to the President and Congress to "advance the development of artificial i... |
National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence : The NSCAI began working in March 2019 and by November 2019 it had received more than 200 classified and unclassified briefings to help with the creation of its final report due in 2021.On 4 November 2019, the NSCAI shared its interim report with Congress, where ... |
National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence : Here is a list of members from the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence: Eric Schmidt (chair), former CEO of Google Robert Work (Vice Chair), former Deputy Secretary of Defense Mignon Clyburn, former Commissioner of the Federal Communications ... |
National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence : The report's recommendations include: dramatically increasing non-defense federal spending on AI research and development, doubling every year from $2 billion in 2022, to $32 billion in 2026. That would bring it up to a level similar to spending on biomedical re... |
National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence : In December 2019, a ruling was made under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) that the NSCAI must also provide historical documents upon request. The Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) filed the lawsuit against the NSCAI in September 2019 after being... |
PauseAI : PauseAI is a global political movement founded in the Netherlands with the stated aim of achieving global coordination to stop the development of artificial intelligence systems more powerful than GPT-4, at least until it is known how to build them safely, and keep them under democratic control. The movement ... |
PauseAI : PauseAI's stated goal is to “implement a pause on the training of AI systems more powerful than GPT-4”. Their website lists some proposed steps to achieve this goal: Set up an international AI safety agency, similar to the IAEA. Only allow training of general AI systems more powerful than GPT-4 if their safet... |
PauseAI : During the late 2010s and early 2020s, a rapid improvement in the capabilities of artificial intelligence models known as the AI boom was underway, which included the release of large language model GPT-3, its more powerful successor GPT-4, and image generation models Midjourney and DALL-E. This led to an inc... |
PauseAI : Founder Joep Meindertsma first became worried about the existential risk from artificial general intelligence after reading philosopher Nick Bostrom's 2014 book Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. He founded PauseAI in May 2023, putting his job as the CEO of a software firm on hold. Meindertsma cla... |
PauseAI : Regulation of artificial intelligence Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter |
PauseAI : Official website |
Privacy Lost : Privacy Lost is a 2023 short science fiction film directed by Peter Stoel and Robert Berger. It follows a family using augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI) devices capable of reading emotional states, raising questions about privacy and manipulation. |
Privacy Lost : Privacy Lost follows a family using AR glasses that capture and interpret emotions in real time. As the parents argue in a restaurant, their emotional states and even hidden feelings become visible through these glasses. An AI-driven waiter adapts its appearance for each family member, employing emotiona... |
Privacy Lost : Brian Kant as Waiter Michael Krass as Husband Estelle Levinson as Waitress Thor van der Linden as Scotty Carlijn van Ramshorst as Wife |
Privacy Lost : Filming took place at HeadQ Productions, a virtual studio located in Amsterdam. The creators sought to depict a near-future scenario in which real-time emotion analysis becomes part of daily interactions. The film was screened at the Augmented World Expo (AWE), where it was noted for its thematic focus o... |
Privacy Lost : Privacy Lost focuses on the intersection of advanced AI capabilities and AR environments, showing how real-time emotional analysis can be leveraged for targeted persuasion. The film aims to highlight the social and ethical implications of emerging AR and AI technologies, underlining how establishing clea... |
Privacy Lost : Augmented Reality Artificial Intelligence Metaverse Information Privacy Ethics of technology |
Privacy Lost : PrivacyLost.org Privacy Lost at IMDb |
Regulation of AI in the United States : Discussions on regulation of artificial intelligence in the United States have included topics such as the timeliness of regulating AI, the nature of the federal regulatory framework to govern and promote AI, including what agency should lead, the regulatory and governing powers ... |
Regulation of AI in the United States : As early as 2016, the Obama administration had begun to focus on the risks and regulations for artificial intelligence. In a report titled Preparing For the Future of Artificial Intelligence, the National Science and Technology Council set a precedent to allow researchers to cont... |
Regulation of AI in the United States : In January 2023, the New York City Bias Audit Law (Local Law 144) was enacted by the NYC Council in November 2021. Originally due to come into effect on 1 January 2023, the enforcement date for Local Law 144 has been pushed back due to the high volume of comments received during ... |
Regulation of AI in the United States : In 2016, Joy Buolamwini, AI researcher at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, shared her personal experiences with discrimination in facial recognition software at a TED Talk conference. Facial recognition software is vastly understood to be inaccurate in its identification of... |
Regulation of algorithms : Regulation of algorithms, or algorithmic regulation, is the creation of laws, rules and public sector policies for promotion and regulation of algorithms, particularly in artificial intelligence and machine learning. For the subset of AI algorithms, the term regulation of artificial intellige... |
Regulation of algorithms : There is a concept of algorithm certification emerging as a method of regulating algorithms. Algorithm certification involves auditing whether the algorithm used during the life cycle 1) conforms to the protocoled requirements (e.g., for correctness, completeness, consistency, and accuracy); ... |
Regulation of algorithms : Blockchain systems provide transparent and fixed records of transactions and hereby contradict the goal of the European GDPR, which is to give individuals full control of their private data. By implementing the Decree on Development of Digital Economy, Belarus has become the first-ever countr... |
Regulation of algorithms : There have been proposals to regulate robots and autonomous algorithms. These include: the South Korean Government's proposal in 2007 of a Robot Ethics Charter; a 2011 proposal from the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of five ethical “principles for designers, builders... |
Regulation of algorithms : In 1942, author Isaac Asimov addressed regulation of algorithms by introducing the fictional Three Laws of Robotics: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders w... |
Regulation of algorithms : Algorithmic transparency Algorithmic accountability Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence arms race Artificial intelligence in government Ethics of artificial intelligence Government by algorithm Privacy law == References == |
Trustworthy AI : Trustworthy AI refers to artificial intelligence systems designed and deployed to be transparent, robust and respectful of data privacy. Trustworthy AI makes use of a number of Privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs), including homomorphic encryption, federated learning, secure multi-party computation, d... |
Trustworthy AI : Trustworthy AI is also a work programme of the International Telecommunication Union, an agency of the United Nations, initiated under its AI for Good programme. Its origin lies with the ITU-WHO Focus Group on Artificial Intelligence for Health, where strong need for privacy at the same time as the nee... |
Trustworthy AI : Artificial Intelligence Privacy-enhancing technologies Data Science == References == |
Antiqua et nova : Antiqua et nova (Latin for 'Ancient and new') is a doctrinal note of the Catholic Church co-issued by the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith and the Dicastery for Culture and Education in January 2025. It addresses the "relationship between artificial intelligence [AI] and human intelligence" and... |
Antiqua et nova : With the substantial increase in the proliferation and usage of large language models such as ChatGPT, Pope Francis expressed concerns about a "technocratic" future and transparency in the development of further artificial intelligence technologies at the 2024 G7 summit. He also addressed the topic in... |
Antiqua et nova : Antiqua et nova is a 30-page-long document known as a note. The document's name is derived from its first words in Latin, corresponding to "ancient and new" in the English version. The document, in 117 paragraphs, addresses challenges and opportunities in AI in the fields of education, economy, work, ... |
International AI Safety Report : The First Independent International AI Safety Report was published on 29 January 2025. The report assesses a wide range of risks posed by general-purpose AI and how to mitigate against them. The report was commissioned by the 30 nations attending the 2023 AI Safety Summit at Bletchley P... |
International AI Safety Report : In examining the what general-purpose AI can do, the report recognised that its capabilities have increased rapidly, and that the pace of further advancements may range from slow to extremely rapid. Policymakers thus face an "evidence dilemma": on the one hand, introducing mitigation me... |
International AI Safety Report : The report identified several concrete harms from AI, including the violation of privacy; the enablement of scams; malfunctions due to unreliable AI; and the creation of deepfakes with sexual content, which expose women and children in particular to potential violence and abuse. Other h... |
Action selection : Action selection is a way of characterizing the most basic problem of intelligent systems: what to do next. In artificial intelligence and computational cognitive science, "the action selection problem" is typically associated with intelligent agents and animats—artificial systems that exhibit comple... |
Action selection : The main problem for action selection is complexity. Since all computation takes both time and space (in memory), agents cannot possibly consider every option available to them at every instant in time. Consequently, they must be biased, and constrain their search in some way. For AI, the question of... |
Action selection : Generally, artificial action selection mechanisms can be divided into several categories: symbol-based systems sometimes known as classical planning, distributed solutions, and reactive or dynamic planning. Some approaches do not fall neatly into any one of these categories. Others are really more ab... |
Action selection : Many dynamic models of artificial action selection were originally inspired by research in ethology. In particular, Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen provided the idea of an innate releasing mechanism to explain instinctive behaviors (fixed action patterns). Influenced by the ideas of William McDo... |
Action selection : Action description language – Robot programming language Artificial intelligence in video games – AI used for video games, usually non-player characters Cognitive robotics – robot with processing architecture that will allow it to learnPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback Expert syste... |
Action selection : Bratman, M.: Intention, plans, and practical reason. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press (1987) Brom, C., Lukavský, J., Šerý, O., Poch, T., Šafrata, P.: Affordances and level-of-detail AI for virtual humans. In: Proceedings of Game Set and Match 2, Delft (2006) Bryson, J.: Intelligence by Desig... |
Action selection : The University of Memphis: Agents by action selection Archived 2006-04-18 at the Wayback Machine Michael Wooldridge: Introduction to agents and their action selection mechanisms Cyril Brom: Slides on a course on action selection of artificial beings Soar project. University of Michigan. Modelling nat... |
AI winter : In the history of artificial intelligence, an AI winter is a period of reduced funding and interest in artificial intelligence research. The field has experienced several hype cycles, followed by disappointment and criticism, followed by funding cuts, followed by renewed interest years or even decades later... |
AI winter : A survey of reports from the early 2000s suggests that AI's reputation was still poor: Alex Castro, quoted in The Economist, 7 June 2007: "[Investors] were put off by the term 'voice recognition' which, like 'artificial intelligence', is associated with systems that have all too often failed to live up to t... |
AI winter : AI has reached the highest levels of interest and funding in its history in the 2020s by every possible measure, including: publications, patent applications, total investment ($50 billion in 2022), and job openings (800,000 U.S. job openings in 2022). The successes of the current "AI spring" or "AI boom" a... |
AI winter : History of artificial neural networks History of artificial intelligence AI effect Software crisis |
AI winter : Christian, Brian (2020). The Alignment Problem: Machine learning and human values. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-86833-3. OCLC 1233266753. UNESCO Science Report: the Race Against Time for Smarter Development. Paris: UNESCO. 2021. ISBN 978-92-3-100450-6. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. R... |
AI winter : Gleick, James, "The Fate of Free Will" (review of Kevin J. Mitchell, Free Agents: How Evolution Gave Us Free Will, Princeton University Press, 2023, 333 pp.), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXXI, no. 1 (18 January 2024), pp. 27–28, 30. "Agency is what distinguishes us from machines. For biological creat... |
AI winter : ComputerWorld article (February 2005) AI Expert Newsletter (January 2005) "If It Works, It's Not AI: A Commercial Look at Artificial Intelligence startups" Patterns of Software- a collection of essays by Richard P. Gabriel, including several autobiographical essays Review of "Artificial Intelligence: A Gene... |
Frame problem : In artificial intelligence, with implications for cognitive science, the frame problem describes an issue with using first-order logic to express facts about a robot in the world. Representing the state of a robot with traditional first-order logic requires the use of many axioms that simply imply that ... |
Frame problem : The frame problem occurs even in very simple domains. A scenario with a door, which can be open or closed, and a light, which can be on or off, is statically represented by two propositions o p e n and o n . If these conditions can change, they are better represented by two predicates o p e n ( t ) ... |
Frame problem : The following solutions depict how the frame problem is solved in various formalisms. The formalisms themselves are not presented in full: what is presented are simplified versions that are sufficient to explain the full solution. |
Frame problem : Binding problem Common sense Commonsense reasoning Defeasible reasoning Linear logic Separation logic Non-monotonic logic Qualification problem Ramification problem Symbol grounding Yale shooting problem |
Frame problem : Doherty, P.; Gustafsson, J.; Karlsson, L.; Kvarnström, J. (1998). "TAL: Temporal action logics language specification and tutorial". Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence. 2 (3–4): 273–306. Gelfond, M.; Lifschitz, V. (1993). "Representing action and change by logic programs". Journal of Log... |
Frame problem : Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). "The Frame Problem". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence; the original article of McCarthy and Hayes that proposed the problem. |
Philosophy of artificial intelligence : The philosophy of artificial intelligence is a branch of the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of computer science that explores artificial intelligence and its implications for knowledge and understanding of intelligence, ethics, consciousness, epistemology, and free will. F... |
Philosophy of artificial intelligence : Is it possible to create a machine that can solve all the problems humans solve using their intelligence? This question defines the scope of what machines could do in the future and guides the direction of AI research. It only concerns the behavior of machines and ignores the iss... |
Philosophy of artificial intelligence : This is a philosophical question, related to the problem of other minds and the hard problem of consciousness. The question revolves around a position defined by John Searle as "strong AI": A physical symbol system can have a mind and mental states. Searle distinguished this posi... |
Philosophy of artificial intelligence : The computational theory of mind or "computationalism" claims that the relationship between mind and brain is similar (if not identical) to the relationship between a running program (software) and a computer (hardware). The idea has philosophical roots in Hobbes (who claimed rea... |
Philosophy of artificial intelligence : Some scholars argue that the AI community's dismissal of philosophy is detrimental. In the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, some philosophers argue that the role of philosophy in AI is underappreciated. Physicist David Deutsch argues that without an understanding of philosoph... |
Philosophy of artificial intelligence : The main conference series on the issue is "Philosophy and Theory of AI" (PT-AI), run by Vincent C. Müller. The main bibliography on the subject, with several sub-sections, is on PhilPapers. A recent survey for Philosophy of AI is Müller (2023). |
AI aftermath scenarios : Some scholars believe that advances in artificial intelligence, or AI, will eventually lead to a semi-apocalyptic post-scarcity and post-work economy where intelligent machines can outperform humans in almost every, if not every, domain. The questions of what such a world might look like, and w... |
AI aftermath scenarios : Most scientists believe that AI research will at some point lead to the creation of machines that are as intelligent, or more intelligent, than human beings in every domain of interest. There is no physical law precluding particles from being organised in ways that perform even more advanced co... |
AI aftermath scenarios : All of the following "AI aftermath scenarios" of the aftermath of arbitrarily-advanced AI development are crucially dependent on two intertwined theses. The first thesis is that, at some point in the future, some kind of economic growth will continue until a "post-scarcity" economy is reached t... |
AI aftermath scenarios : Some scholars doubt that "game-changing" superintelligent machines will ever come to pass. Gordon Bell of Microsoft Research has stated "the population will destroy itself before the technological singularity". Gordon Moore, discoverer of the eponymous Moore's law, stated "I am a skeptic. I don... |
AI aftermath scenarios : Existential risk from artificial general intelligence |
AI capability control : In the field of artificial intelligence (AI) design, AI capability control proposals, also referred to as AI confinement, aim to increase our ability to monitor and control the behavior of AI systems, including proposed artificial general intelligences (AGIs), in order to reduce the danger they ... |
AI capability control : Some hypothetical intelligence technologies, like "seed AI", are postulated to be able to make themselves faster and more intelligent by modifying their source code. These improvements would make further improvements possible, which would in turn make further iterative improvements possible, and... |
AI capability control : One potential way to prevent harmful outcomes is to give human supervisors the ability to easily shut down a misbehaving AI via an "off-switch". However, in order to achieve their assigned objective, such AIs will have an incentive to disable any off-switches, or to run copies of themselves on o... |
AI capability control : An oracle is a hypothetical AI designed to answer questions and prevented from gaining any goals or subgoals that involve modifying the world beyond its limited environment. A successfully controlled oracle would have considerably less immediate benefit than a successfully controlled general pur... |
AI capability control : An AI could be blinded to certain variables in its environment. This could provide certain safety benefits, such as an AI not knowing how a reward is generated, making it more difficult to exploit. |
AI capability control : An AI box is a proposed method of capability control in which an AI is run on an isolated computer system with heavily restricted input and output channels—for example, text-only channels and no connection to the internet. The purpose of an AI box is to reduce the risk of the AI taking control o... |
AI capability control : Eliezer Yudkowsky's description of his AI-box experiment, including experimental protocols and suggestions for replication "Presentation titled 'Thinking inside the box: using and controlling an Oracle AI'" on YouTube |
AI effect : The AI effect is the discounting of the behavior of an artificial intelligence program as not "real" intelligence. The author Pamela McCorduck writes: "It's part of the history of the field of artificial intelligence that every time somebody figured out how to make a computer do something—play good checkers... |
AI effect : "The AI effect" refers to a phenomenon where either the definition of AI or the concept of intelligence is adjusted to exclude capabilities that AI systems have mastered. This often manifests as tasks that AI can now perform successfully no longer being considered part of AI, or as the notion of intelligenc... |
AI effect : Software and algorithms developed by AI researchers are now integrated into many applications throughout the world, without really being called AI. This underappreciation is known from such diverse fields as computer chess, marketing, agricultural automation, hospitality and optical character recognition. M... |
AI effect : In the early 1990s, during the second "AI winter" many AI researchers found that they could get more funding and sell more software if they avoided the bad name of "artificial intelligence" and instead pretended their work had nothing to do with intelligence. Patty Tascarella wrote in 2006: "Some believe th... |
AI effect : Michael Kearns suggests that "people subconsciously are trying to preserve for themselves some special role in the universe". By discounting artificial intelligence people can continue to feel unique and special. Kearns argues that the change in perception known as the AI effect can be traced to the mystery... |
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