choices
dict
question_type
stringclasses
2 values
id
stringlengths
12
14
answer
stringlengths
1
40
youtube_url
stringlengths
42
92
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video
stringlengths
75
102
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{ "A": "The electrical energy of the capacitor is converted into light energy of the bulb.", "B": "The electrical energy stored in the battery is converted into electrical energy in the capacitor and light energy and heat loss in the bulb.", "C": "The electrical energy of the capacitor is converted into electrica...
multiple-choice
validation_100
B
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEGb0JVuNvY&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=16
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_energy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_network", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transformation" ], "rationale": "W...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
How does the energy in the circuit in the video change?
videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
{ "A": "pure resistor circuit", "B": "RC circuit", "C": "RL circuit", "D": "LC circuit", "E": "RLC circuit" }
multiple-choice
validation_101
B
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEGb0JVuNvY&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=16
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm%27s_law", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_circuit", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromotive_force" ], "rationale": "The circuit in the video is composed of a battery as power source, a bulb as res...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
Which of the following best explains the type of the circuit?
videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
{ "A": "The increased resistance causes the capacitor to charge faster, so the voltmeter reading increases more rapidly.", "B": "The increased resistance causes the capacitor to charge more slowly initially, but the final voltage reached is higher.", "C": "The increased resistance has no effect on the charging pr...
multiple-choice
validation_102
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEGb0JVuNvY&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=16
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm%27s_law", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_constant", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_types", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_circuit" ], "rationale": "As th...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
Which of the following best explains the effect of increasing resistance in the circuit on the voltmeter readings over time?
videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
{ "A": "The aluminum cylinder acts as a capacitor that charges over time when the switch is closed, causing the voltmeter reading.", "B": "The aluminum cylinder acts as an inductor, inducing a rising voltage due to the increasing current when the switch is closed.", "C": "The light bulb's resistance decreases as ...
multiple-choice
validation_103
A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEGb0JVuNvY&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=16
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_battery", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage" ], "rationale": "The rising voltmeter reading to approximately 3.139 V suggests that the aluminum ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
Which of the following statements best explains why the voltmeter reading rises steadily?
videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_104
41
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exKm-TUFk38
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_illness", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoregulation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_resuscitation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthermia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_stroke" ], "rationale": "The victim,...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/3.mp4
In disease shown in the video, core body temperature rises above ______ degrees Celsius, leading to life-threatening conditions. Based on the video description, the victim is likely experiencing this condition.
videos/Clinical_Medicine/3.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_105
Consideration
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BIE4zpe6hY
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consideration_in_English_law", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract" ], "rationale": "In the video scenario, Santa gives gifts without receiving anything in return, lacking consideration—an essential element in contract formation. A valid contract requi...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Law/2.mp4
In the scenario depicted in the video where Santa gives small gifts to people without receiving anything in return, the transaction lacks **_____**, an essential element in contract formation.
videos/Law/2.mp4
{ "A": "Legality", "B": "Acceptance", "C": "Offer", "D": "Contractual Capacity", "E": "Consideration" }
multiple-choice
validation_106
E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BIE4zpe6hY
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Void_contract", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meeting_of_the_minds", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consideration", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract" ], "rationale": "The act of Santa giving gifts does not meet the definition of consideration...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Law/2.mp4
If the scenario shown in the video is treated as a transactional scenario, the parties cannot be considered to have reached an agreement, because what condition is missing?
videos/Law/2.mp4
{ "A": "lakeside", "B": "seaside", "C": "country", "D": "city", "E": "forest" }
multiple-choice
validation_107
B
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3vbxl_VLsk
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seascape" ], "rationale": "This video shows a beautiful view of a deserted beach. The beach has golden sand with blue-green waves lapping against the shore.", "subject": "Literature", "textbook": "The Cambridge Introduction to the Novel (Marina Mackay)" }
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/1.mp4
What is the setting of the video?
videos/Literature/1.mp4
{ "A": "*\"Sonnet 18\"* by William Shakespeare", "B": "*\"Ozymandias\"* by Percy Bysshe Shelley", "C": "*\"The Waste Land\"* by T.S. Eliot", "D": "*\"Dover Beach\"* by Matthew Arnold", "E": "*\"The Road Not Taken\"* by Robert Frost" }
multiple-choice
validation_108
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3vbxl_VLsk
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Oppen", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_literature", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Arnold", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_Beach", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesil_Beach" ], "rationale": "The video's beach sett...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/1.mp4
Based on the description of the video, which of the following poems does the setting most closely resemble?
videos/Literature/1.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_109
Faraday's
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgmfFf9zH-w
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction" ], "rationale": "The experiment demonstrates electromagnetic in...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/11.mp4
In the experiment described, the bright band in the fluorescent illustrates _________ Law.
videos/Electromagnetism/11.mp4
{ "A": "The heat energy is converted into light energy of the lamp.", "B": "The electrical energy is converted into light energy of the lamp.", "C": "The light energy of the lamp is converted into kinetic energy.", "D": "The light energy of the lamp is converted into heat energy.", "E": "The light energy of t...
multiple-choice
validation_110
B
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgmfFf9zH-w
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_current", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmission", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transformation" ], ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/11.mp4
What kind of energy changes appear in the video?
videos/Electromagnetism/11.mp4
{ "A": "The heat from the lava lamp causes thermal excitation of the gas in the fluorescent bulb, leading to light emission.", "B": "Visible light from the lava lamp induces fluorescence in the bulb's phosphor coating, causing it to emit light.", "C": "Infrared radiation from the lava lamp heats the mercury vapor...
multiple-choice
validation_111
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgmfFf9zH-w
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_lamp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field" ], "rationale": "In the video, a p...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/11.mp4
Which of the following best explains the phenomenon observed in the video?
videos/Electromagnetism/11.mp4
{ "A": "The lava lamp emits infrared radiation that is absorbed by the fluorescent bulb's gas, causing direct excitation and then light emission.", "B": "The heat from the lava lamp raises the temperature of the fluorescent bulb, causing thermal ionization of the gas inside.", "C": "Electromagnetic waves from the...
multiple-choice
validation_112
E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgmfFf9zH-w
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equations" ]...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/11.mp4
Which of the following best explains the underlying phenomenon causing the observed effect?
videos/Electromagnetism/11.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_113
Breadth-First Search
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AEFRkI2SHA
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadth-first_search", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_traversal", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory" ], "rationale": "The analysis concludes that the sequence of nodes changing color (5, 2, 8, 1, 4, 6, 3, 7) illustrates a Breadth-First Sea...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/4.mp4
The algorithm being illustrated is ______.
videos/Computer_Science/4.mp4
{ "A": "breadth first search", "B": "sequential search", "C": "post-order traversal", "D": "heuristic search", "E": "hash search" }
multiple-choice
validation_114
A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AEFRkI2SHA
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_traversal", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_tree", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadth-first_search" ], "rationale": "Breadth first...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/4.mp4
What kind of algorithm is used in the video?
videos/Computer_Science/4.mp4
{ "A": "Level-order traversal (Breadth-first traversal); nodes are visited level by level from top to bottom.", "B": "Pre-order traversal; nodes are visited in root-left-right order.", "C": "In-order traversal; nodes are visited in left-root-right order, resulting in sorted order.", "D": "Post-order traversal; ...
multiple-choice
validation_115
A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AEFRkI2SHA
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadth-first_search", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_tree", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_traversal" ], "rationale": "The video depicts a level-order traversal (Breadth-first t...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/4.mp4
Which traversal algorithm is being demonstrated in the video, and what characteristic of this traversal order does it highlight?
videos/Computer_Science/4.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_116
Connected Component Labeling
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8_4j-TeAKc
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image_processing", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_traversal", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_image", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadth-first_search", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connected-component_labeling" ], "ratio...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/5.mp4
In image processing demonstrated in the video, breadth-first search can be used to perform ______ algorithm.
videos/Computer_Science/5.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_117
general strike
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zci1r3Yt-fw
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_strike_wave_of_1945%E2%80%931946", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicarious_liability", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_majeure", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Law/3.mp4
Employers may have limited liability for employees' actions during a **______**, as illustrated by the scenario mentioned in the video.
videos/Law/3.mp4
{ "A": "They must bear the responsibility in any circumstances.", "B": "Only in situations of economic hardship", "C": "Only if both parties agree", "D": "They can transfer their obligations to another party", "E": "No" }
multiple-choice
validation_118
E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zci1r3Yt-fw
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_Contracts_for_the_International_Sale_of_Goods", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_contract", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_majeure" ], "rationale": "The video prese...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Law/3.mp4
If the situation in the video causes one party's obligations not to be performed as agreed in the contract, does the party need to bear the responsibility?
videos/Law/3.mp4
{ "A": "The Wagner Act of 1935.", "B": "The Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932.", "C": "The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947.", "D": "The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.", "E": "The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914." }
multiple-choice
validation_119
C
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zci1r3Yt-fw
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taft%E2%80%93Hartley_Act", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_strike_wave_of_1945%E2%80%931946", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_labor_law" ], "rationale": "The video showcases a workers�strike movement. The Taft-Hartley Act of 1...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Law/3.mp4
Based on the events depicted in the video, which of the following legal acts grants the ability to request federal injunctions against specific activities shown?
videos/Law/3.mp4
{ "A": "Under the Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932, federal courts are prohibited from issuing injunctions in cases involving labor disputes, so the employer cannot seek an injunction.", "B": "Under the Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) of 1935, the employer can file an unfair labor practice charge with the Nat...
multiple-choice
validation_120
E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zci1r3Yt-fw
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_dispute", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taft%E2%80%93Hartley_Act", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_bargaining", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norris%E2%80%93La_Guardia_Act" ], "rationale": "The employer can seek an injunction agains...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Law/3.mp4
Which of the following legal avenues allows the employer to seek such an injunction in federal court against the activity shown in the video, and under what conditions is such an injunction permissible under U.S. federal labor law, given historical precedent?
videos/Law/3.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_121
Mutualism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vpkOvlZJqs
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_(biology)" ], "rationale": "In the symbiotic relationship shown, birds feed on parasites from the hides of large mammals like giraffes, hippos, and antelopes. The birds gain food, while the mammals receive...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biology/2.mp4
In the symbiotic relationship shown in the video, the type of symbiosis is known as **______________**.
videos/Biology/2.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_122
Lorentz
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-yXkz19z48&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=15
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetization", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_force", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule" ], "rationale": "The movement and deformation of the glowing filament when a magnet is br...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/12.mp4
In the video, this demonstrates the effect of the _______ force.
videos/Electromagnetism/12.mp4
{ "A": "The changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force in the filament, increasing the current and causing mechanical motion.", "B": "The filament is made of a ferromagnetic material and is attracted to the magnet due to magnetic attraction.", "C": "The magnetic field from the magnet induces eddy curr...
multiple-choice
validation_123
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-yXkz19z48&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=15
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_force", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb" ], "rationale": "The movement of the light bulb filament is best explained by Option D...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/12.mp4
Which of the following best explains the filament's movement?
videos/Electromagnetism/12.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_124
blasting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6pfXO7OBiw
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_and_blasting", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_explosion", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockslide", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_geology" ], "rationale":...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/1.mp4
In the video, the construction crew is working on a mountainside. Based on the footage shown, this method is referred to as ______.
videos/Civil_Engineering/1.mp4
{ "A": "ripping", "B": "digging", "C": "hydraulic hammering", "D": "blasting", "E": "drilling" }
multiple-choice
validation_125
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6pfXO7OBiw
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandvik", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_and_blasting", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological_excavation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Austrian_tunneling_method" ], "rationale": "The sudden vibrations and the large amount of d...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/1.mp4
Which excavation method is shown in the video?
videos/Civil_Engineering/1.mp4
{ "A": "Installation of rock bolts and wire mesh reinforcement", "B": "Controlled blasting to remove loose and unstable rock", "C": "Construction of a reinforced concrete retaining wall at the base of the slope", "D": "Application of shotcrete (sprayed concrete) to stabilize the rock face", "E": "Bioengineeri...
multiple-choice
validation_126
B
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6pfXO7OBiw
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_and_blasting", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope_stability", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotcrete", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockfall", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/1.mp4
Based on the video description, which rockfall mitigation technique is being used to address the unstable slope and protect the roadway below?
videos/Civil_Engineering/1.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_127
blue
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaZWMRgUVLg
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_channel", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_channel", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_channel" ], "rationale": "In the video, the blue chan...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4
In the video, the movement of molecules across the membrane represents the process of ions passing through a channel. Tetrodotoxin specifically binds to the _____(color) protein.
videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4
{ "A": "Not affected", "B": "Stop flow", "C": "Flow slower", "D": "Flow faster", "E": "Flow to the opposite direction" }
multiple-choice
validation_128
B
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaZWMRgUVLg
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_channel", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_channel" ], "rationale": "When an action potential...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4
Considering this video shows an action potential of a neuron, If tetrodotoxin is applied to the neuron in this video, what will happen to the blue ion?
videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4
{ "A": "The initiation of the action potential would be prevented due to lack of depolarization.", "B": "The neuron would hyperpolarize immediately after the action potential.", "C": "The frequency of action potentials generated would increase due to faster repolarization.", "D": "Repolarization of the neuron a...
multiple-choice
validation_129
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaZWMRgUVLg
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repolarization", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_ion_channel" ], "rationale": "During the generation of an action potential, the cell membrane becomes more permeable to sodium ions, allowing ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4
In the context of the video showing ions moving across the neuronal membrane during an action potential, suppose a researcher applies a drug specifically inhibiting the function of the yellow channel depicted in the video. Which of the following effects is most likely to be observed as a result of this inhibition?
videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4
{ "A": "The resting membrane potential would become more negative due to increased sodium permeability.", "B": "The amplitude of the action potential peak would decrease due to reduced sodium influx.", "C": "The repolarization phase of the action potential would be delayed, resulting in prolonged depolarization."...
multiple-choice
validation_130
C
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaZWMRgUVLg
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_channel", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_sodium_channel" ], "rationale": "During the generation of an action potential, the cell membrane’s permeability to sodium ions increases, leadi...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4
Based on the video depicting ion movement across a neuronal membrane during an action potential, suppose a genetic mutation causes blue channels in a neuron to inactivate more slowly than normal. Which of the following effects would most likely occur in the neuron's action potential as a result of this mutation?
videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4
{ "A": "DNA recombination", "B": "Western blot", "C": "RNA migration", "D": "Frameshift mutation", "E": "Molecular markers" }
multiple-choice
validation_131
E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpS17d1SoIU
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_marker", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarker" ], "rationale": "Any biological substance, such as nucleotide sequences or proteins, specifically expressed in relation to a disease state (path...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/1.mp4
What kind of biotechnology is reflected in the video?
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/1.mp4
{ "A": "Atmospheric CO₂ levels decrease due to enhanced photosynthesis from increased phytoplankton growth in warm surface waters.", "B": "Atmospheric CO₂ levels remain stable as oceanic CO₂ fluxes are balanced by terrestrial carbon uptake.", "C": "Atmospheric CO₂ levels decrease due to increased carbon sequestra...
multiple-choice
validation_132
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vIjhe5D6cM
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o%E2%80%93Southern_Oscillation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoplankton", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_carbon_cycle" ], "rationale": "During an El NiГ±o event, atmospheric COв‚?levels are most likely to increase due to reduced ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biology/3.mp4
Based on the environmental changes described in the video, which of the following is the most likely impact on atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels during this period of environmental change?
videos/Biology/3.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_133
Southern Oscillation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vIjhe5D6cM
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o%E2%80%93Southern_Oscillation" ], "rationale": "The reversal of pressure areas triggering an El NiГ±o event is known as the Southern Oscillation. This phenomenon, illustrated in the animation, shows how changes in atmospheric pressure and wind patter...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biology/3.mp4
The climate change that triggers the phenomenon shown in the video is called ______.
videos/Biology/3.mp4
{ "A": "Law of refraction", "B": "Law of reflection", "C": "Single slit interference", "D": "Double slit interference", "E": "Scattering phenomenon" }
multiple-choice
validation_134
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOvg66VdNAI
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-slit_experiment", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_interference", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferometry", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specular_reflection", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Young_(scientist)", "https://en...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/4.mp4
What does the video describe
videos/Mechanics/4.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_135
duty cycle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HR_T1Hc1AWQ
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_actuator", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-width_modulation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_cycle", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation" ], "rationale": "Turning the small...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/3.mp4
In the pneumatic system shown in the video, turning the small knob at the upper left adjusts the reference voltage, thereby modifying the pulse train's **_____**.
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/3.mp4
{ "A": "Law of Universal Gravitation", "B": "Archimedes' Principle", "C": "Pascal's Law", "D": "Venturi's Law", "E": "Boyle-Mariotte's Law" }
multiple-choice
validation_136
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJzTkEN07sU
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venturi_effect", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes%27_principle", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli%27s_principle", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_measurement", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_dynamics", "https://en.wikip...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/5.mp4
What does the video describe?
videos/Mechanics/5.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_137
1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjCoxtQV3Ew
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-bar_linkage", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinematic_synthesis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism_(engineering)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom_(mechanics)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkage_(mechanical)" ],...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/4.mp4
In the mechanism depicted, the system has ______ degree(s) of freedom.
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/4.mp4
{ "A": "Compression test", "B": "Shear test", "C": "Tensile test", "D": "Bend test", "E": "Torsion test" }
multiple-choice
validation_138
E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzEoZ9xxtHE
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsional_vibration", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_materials_properties", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASTM_International", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion_(mechanics)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charpy_impact_test" ], "ra...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/5.mp4
What type of test is shown in the video?
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/5.mp4
{ "A": "The material has failed due to reaching its maximum shear stress, indicated by the necking near the center.", "B": "The clamps on both sides rotate in the same direction, ensuring uniform shear distribution.", "C": "The specimen is tested in a pure tension setup rather than torsion, as evidenced by elonga...
multiple-choice
validation_139
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzEoZ9xxtHE
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion_(mechanics)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_materials_properties" ], "rationale": "The video shows a trosion test, where a cylindrical specimen is subjected to twisting. The material de...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/5.mp4
Which of the following conclusions is correct regarding the test setup and material behavior?
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/5.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_140
IgE
https://youtu.be/EL8B8hwpvYw?si=pCxmzb9B45dJ8kpy
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_E", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mast_cell", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy" ], "rationale": "In allergic reactions, allergens b...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/2.mp4
The type of antibody involved in the reaction shown in the video is immunoglobulin ____.
videos/Basic_Medicine/2.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_141
two
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0eJXe6R8vY
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_arm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_robot", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prismatic_joint" ], "rationale": "The robotic arm's manipulator feature...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/6.mp4
According to the movements observed in the video, the robot system has one rotational joint and ___ prismatic joints.
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/6.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_142
memoization
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=214lD7tWkz8
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoization", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_complexity_theory", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence" ], "rationale": "To ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/6.mp4
To optimize the recursive computation of the algorithm illustrated in the video, one can apply the Dynamic Programming technique called **______**.
videos/Computer_Science/6.mp4
{ "A": "divide and conquer", "B": "parallel", "C": "dynamic programming", "D": "greedy", "E": "backtracking" }
multiple-choice
validation_143
C
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=214lD7tWkz8
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divide-and-conquer_algorithm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimization_problem", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion_(computer_science)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence"...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/6.mp4
What kind of idea of algorithm is used in the video?
videos/Computer_Science/6.mp4
{ "A": "The algorithm has a time complexity of O(n) because it reduces the problem size by one in each recursive call; using tail recursion can optimize its space complexity.", "B": "The algorithm has a time complexity of O(log n) due to the binary nature of the recursion; implementing a binary search strategy can ...
multiple-choice
validation_144
C
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=214lD7tWkz8
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoization", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion_(computer_science)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_complexity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence" ], "rationale": "...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/6.mp4
Without any optimization techniques applied, which of the following statements best describes the time complexity of this algorithm and suggests an appropriate method to improve its efficiency?
videos/Computer_Science/6.mp4
{ "A": "The number of function calls grows exponentially with `n`, corresponding to O(2^n); applying memoization converts the algorithm to linear time complexity O(n).", "B": "The number of function calls grows linearly with `n`, corresponding to O(n); using an iterative approach maintains the same time complexity ...
multiple-choice
validation_145
A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=214lD7tWkz8
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoization", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion_(computer_science)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_complexity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence" ], "rationale": "...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/6.mp4
Which of the following statements correctly describes the growth rate of the total number of function calls made during the computation without optimization, and identifies a method to improve the algorithm's efficiency to achieve linear time complexity?
videos/Computer_Science/6.mp4
{ "A": "6", "B": "5", "C": "2", "D": "3", "E": "4" }
multiple-choice
validation_146
E
https://youtu.be/1MGBapRPzqE?si=cVqfqt0yUMqtpN26
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positional_notation" ], "rationale": "The method for converting decimal to binary in the video is to compare from left to right. Since 16 is the same as ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/2.mp4
Using the method in the video, if the number to be converted is 16, what is the first digit in the middle of the video from left to right?
videos/Electrical_Engineering/2.mp4
{ "A": "1, 3", "B": "1, 2, 5", "C": "1, 4, 6, 7", "D": "2, 5, 7, 8", "E": "2, 3, 6" }
multiple-choice
validation_147
C
https://youtu.be/1MGBapRPzqE?si=cVqfqt0yUMqtpN26
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positional_notation" ], "rationale": "Converting decimal 150 to binary using successive subtraction yields the binary number 10010110. This process invol...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/2.mp4
Using the method demonstrated in the video, if the number to be processed is 150, which position in the video (from left to right) should be 1?
videos/Electrical_Engineering/2.mp4
{ "A": "75", "B": "90", "C": "105", "D": "112", "E": "121" }
multiple-choice
validation_148
C
https://youtu.be/1MGBapRPzqE?si=cVqfqt0yUMqtpN26
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit-reversal_permutation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positional_notation" ], "rationale": "The original decimal number N is 105. When converted ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/2.mp4
Using the method demonstrated in the video, suppose you invert the bits of the binary representation after processing, obtaining a new binary number. Finally, using the same method, you convert this inverted binary number back into decimal. If the final decimal number is 150, what was the original decimal number N?
videos/Electrical_Engineering/2.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_149
enteric
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lr-82ey1_I
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_digestive_system", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system" ], "rationale": "The enteric nervous system independentl...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/6.mp4
The subdivision of the system that independently regulates the mentioned mechanical and chemical process shown in the video is called the **______** nervous system.
videos/Neurobiology/6.mp4
{ "A": "Avoid using anesthetics with vasoconstrictors to prevent hypertensive crises", "B": "Adjust anesthetic dosage due to impaired renal excretion", "C": "Monitor for methemoglobinemia when using prilocaine", "D": "Avoid ester-type anesthetics to prevent allergic reactions", "E": "Acoid amide-type anesthet...
multiple-choice
validation_150
E
https://youtu.be/SZdGiUwJyx4?si=FjJ82uKz72YimePt
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_function_tests", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_falciparum", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_anesthetic" ], "rationale": "Malaria impacts red blood cells and liver function, causing anemi...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/3.mp4
Based on the condition demonstrated in the video, which of the following considerations is most critical when selecting a local anaesthetic for this type of patient?
videos/Pharmacy/3.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_151
odd
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6dW6VYXp9HM
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_wave", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Even_and_odd_functions", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_series" ], "rationale": "In the video clip, the demonstration shows that the non-periodicity and symmetry of the square wave are used to construc...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/3.mp4
For the first signal shown in the video, if expressed using a Fourier series, the non-zero coefficients occur only at _____ harmonics of the fundamental frequency.
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/3.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_152
bigger
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqiJdUy8K_w&t=429s
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnification", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_length", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens" ], "rationale": "According to the convex lens formula \\( \\frac{1}{f} = \\frac{1}{u} + \\frac{1}{v} \\), when the distance \\( u \\) between the camera an...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Modern_Physics/0.mp4
Based on the imaging principles, during the process shown in the video, the image size becomes ______.
videos/Modern_Physics/0.mp4
{ "A": "Bi-concave", "B": "Bi-convex", "C": "Unable to determine", "D": "Cylindrical lens", "E": "Planoconcave" }
multiple-choice
validation_153
B
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqiJdUy8K_w&t=429s
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_lens_design", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens#Types_of_simple_lenses", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens" ], "rationale": "When the camera is close to the lens, the image becomes clearer and bigger, which means the lens is a bi-convex lens....
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Modern_Physics/0.mp4
What kind of lens is in the video?
videos/Modern_Physics/0.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_154
140
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SPkICKZAVzY
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_wave", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum_analyzer", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carson_bandwidth_rule" ], "rationale": "The video shows the FSV signal on a spectrum analyzer using ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/4.mp4
In this experiment, the signal is known to use frequency modulation (FM) with a rectangular modulation waveform. The theoretical bandwidth of this signal is approximately __________ kHz.
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/4.mp4
{ "A": "Poisson", "B": "Exponential", "C": "Gaussian", "D": "Periodical", "E": "Binomial" }
multiple-choice
validation_155
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SPkICKZAVzY
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum_analyzer", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_distribution", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_function" ], "rationale": "The vi...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/4.mp4
According to the display on the spectrum analyzer, how is the modulated signal distributed?
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/4.mp4
{ "A": "remove guidewire", "B": "secure the puncture site", "C": "flush the catheter", "D": "remove needle", "E": "dilate vessel" }
multiple-choice
validation_156
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNRDWN2OdpY
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seldinger_technique", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_venous_catheter", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catheter" ], "rationale": "The video demonstrates the puncture needle being inserted into the blood vessel and the guide wire being advanced thr...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/4.mp4
What's the next step in the video?
videos/Clinical_Medicine/4.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_157
Sapir-Whorf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7yyYdiNTIo
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_and_thought", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_direction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_linguistics" ], "rationale": "The characters' use of compass directions instead...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/2.mp4
In the illustration shown in the video, this short story demonstrates the theory known as the ______ hypothesis.
videos/Literature/2.mp4
{ "A": "Users of this language will frequently use relative directions, like left and right, instead of absolute ones.", "B": "Users of this language will find it difficult to learn new spatial concepts.", "C": "Users of this language's spatial perception ability will be limited, and no directional description ca...
multiple-choice
validation_158
E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7yyYdiNTIo
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_cognition", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_and_thought", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" ], "rationale": "According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, the spati...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/2.mp4
Watch the video, use Sapir-Whorf hypothesis to explain, and think about how this language system will affect the behavior pattern of language users.
videos/Literature/2.mp4
{ "A": "Users of this language rely primarily on relative spatial terms like 'left' and 'right', which limits their ability to navigate unfamiliar environments.", "B": "The absence of specific spatial terminology in this language hinders users' ability to perceive and describe directions, leading to a limited spati...
multiple-choice
validation_159
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7yyYdiNTIo
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_orientation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_direction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embodied_cognition" ], "rationale": "The language depicted emphasizes absolute cardinal d...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/2.mp4
Based on the video description and considering the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis about the influence of language on cognition and behavior, which of the following best explains how the language system depicted affects the behavior patterns of its users?
videos/Literature/2.mp4
{ "A": "The language relies on relative spatial terms like 'left' and 'right', limiting users' ability to navigate unfamiliar environments, similar to English speakers.", "B": "The language lacks specific spatial terminology, hindering users' ability to perceive and describe directions, akin to certain Amazonian tr...
multiple-choice
validation_160
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7yyYdiNTIo
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guugu_Yimithirr_language", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_direction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_cognition" ], "rationale": "The language system depicted in the video uses ab...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/2.mp4
Based on the video description and your knowledge of linguistic relativity, which of the following statements best explains how the depicted language system influences cognitive abilities?
videos/Literature/2.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_161
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=of1rOVG-Bhk
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steatohepatitis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_dysfunction%E2%80%93associated_steatotic_liver_disease", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steatosis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_liver_disease" ], "rationale": "The video demonstrates...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/5.mp4
Based on the dietary habits and pathological changes of the character in the animation, if further inflammatory responses occur, he is highly likely to develop ________.
videos/Clinical_Medicine/5.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_162
flocculent
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiqtwhUusY8
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flocculation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_mineral", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment_transport" ], "rationale": "The video indicates a marine environment through the presence of a sea t...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Geography/1.mp4
Due to the environment shown in the video, the clay deposits in that area are likely to be highly **_______**.
videos/Geography/1.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_163
2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l4-L1fMKaTY
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellman%E2%80%93Ford_algorithm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_algorithms", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortest_path_problem", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory" ], "rationale": "After the first iteration of the Bellman-Ford al...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/7.mp4
The shortest distance from the source node 'a' to the target node 'g' is **_____**.
videos/Computer_Science/7.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_164
Lorentz
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-yXkz19z48&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=15
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_force", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_product" ], "rationale": "In the experiment, a plasma discharge bends towards a magnet due to the magnetic force on moving charges, explained by the Lore...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/13.mp4
In the experiment demonstrated in the video, the critical force is known as the **_______** force.
videos/Electromagnetism/13.mp4
{ "A": "Ampere Force", "B": "Lorentz Force", "C": "Electric Force", "D": "Elastic Force", "E": "Frictional Force" }
multiple-choice
validation_165
B
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-yXkz19z48&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=15
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_force", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetohydrodynamics", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field" ], "rationale": "The bending ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/13.mp4
In the video, which of the following forces explains the observed phenomenon?
videos/Electromagnetism/13.mp4
{ "A": "The electrons in the filament are accelerated by an external electric field, and as they interact with the magnetic field, they experience a force that causes the filament to bend and trace the 'W' shape.", "B": "The electrons experience a Lorentz force directed out of the bulb towards the observer due to t...
multiple-choice
validation_166
B
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-yXkz19z48&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=15
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_force", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field" ], "rationale": "The observed move...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/13.mp4
Which of the following best explains the observed phenomenon?
videos/Electromagnetism/13.mp4
{ "A": "Exploratory Trials", "B": "Phase I Clinical Trials", "C": "Phase III Clinical Trials", "D": "Phase II Clinical Trials", "E": "Phase IV Clinical Trials" }
multiple-choice
validation_167
C
https://youtu.be/U-Oc1bCeaW0?si=ob9yoUKITi7JvP9D
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_development", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacovigilance", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial" ], "rationale": "The content of Phase III clinical trials for new drugs:...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/4.mp4
Which stage of drug clinical trials is shown in the video?
videos/Pharmacy/4.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_168
hydraulic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xdLnImq2rI
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal%27s_law", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_cylinder", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_power", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_machinery", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_(device)" ], "rationale": "Considering the ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/6.mp4
The gangway arm in video is most likely operated using a(n) **___________** power system.
videos/Mechanics/6.mp4
{ "A": "Generator", "B": "Thermometer", "C": "Light bulb", "D": "Hydraulic jack", "E": "Speedometer" }
multiple-choice
validation_169
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xdLnImq2rI
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_machine", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_machinery", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_(device)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal%27s_law" ], "rationale": "The video, which shows the operation of a crane on an offshore platfo...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/6.mp4
Which of the following is another application of the principle in the video in life?
videos/Mechanics/6.mp4
{ "A": "A mechanical metronome", "B": "A Segway personal transporter", "C": "A fixed-gear bicycle", "D": "A pendulum clock", "E": "A manual car jack" }
multiple-choice
validation_170
B
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xdLnImq2rI
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrating_structure_gyroscope", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segway", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolleron", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_compensation" ], "rationale": "The Ampelmann gangway...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/6.mp4
Based on the video, which of the following devices employs a similar mechanical principle to maintain balance and stability?
videos/Mechanics/6.mp4
{ "A": "An open-loop control system utilizing preset mechanical adjustments.", "B": "A gyroscopic stabilization system based on conservation of angular momentum.", "C": "A hydraulic system with fixed flow rates designed for average sea conditions.", "D": "A mechanical counterweight system that balances the gang...
multiple-choice
validation_171
E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xdLnImq2rI
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_machinery" ], "rationale": "The gangway system in the video requires real-time motion compensation in a dynamic maritime environment for personnel safety. An active closed-loop control system with sensors, ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/6.mp4
Based on the video, which of the following types of control systems is most likely employed to achieve the motion compensation for the gangway?
videos/Mechanics/6.mp4
{ "A": "200", "B": "400", "C": "800", "D": "850", "E": "900" }
multiple-choice
validation_172
C
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DeR5_CQqF8w
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herd_immunity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whooping_cough", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health" ], "rationale": "1. Identify the disease and ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Preventive_Medicine/2.mp4
In a population of 1,000 individuals, what is the minimum number of people that need to be immunized to prevent an outbreak of this disease in video (achieve herd immunity)?
videos/Preventive_Medicine/2.mp4
{ "A": "Thermal energy is converted into electrical energy.", "B": "There is no energy conversion.", "C": "Sound energy is converted into light energy.", "D": "Sound energy is converted into electrical energy.", "E": "Mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy." }
multiple-choice
validation_173
E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EEoifG4oxA
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_guitar", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_energy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transformation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction" ], "rationale": "In the video, the experimenter plays an electric guitar,...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/14.mp4
What kind of energy transformation occurs in the video?
videos/Electromagnetism/14.mp4
{ "A": "The magnetic field strength of the guitar pickups decreases rapidly over time after the strings are strummed, reducing the induced voltage.", "B": "The oscilloscope's input impedance is too low, causing it to absorb energy from the pickups and leading to rapid signal decay.", "C": "The induced current in ...
multiple-choice
validation_174
C
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EEoifG4oxA
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz%27s_law", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_coil_guitar_pickup", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscilloscope" ], "ra...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/14.mp4
Which of the following best explains the primary reason for the rapid decay of the waveform observed on the oscilloscope?
videos/Electromagnetism/14.mp4
{ "A": "The oscilloscope's input capacitance forms a low-pass filter with the pickup, attenuating high-frequency signals and causing rapid signal decay.", "B": "The low output impedance of the pickups prevents efficient energy transfer to the oscilloscope, resulting in rapid decay.", "C": "The magnetic fields in ...
multiple-choice
validation_175
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EEoifG4oxA
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_coil_guitar_pickup", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_impedance", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscilloscope" ], "rationale": "In the video described, an electric guitar is connec...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/14.mp4
Which of the following best explains why the signal decays more rapidly than it would if the guitar were connected to a typical guitar amplifier, compared to the setting in the video?
videos/Electromagnetism/14.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_176
DC
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpL0joqJmqY
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_generator", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromotive_force", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction" ], "rationale": "The generator in the video outputs curr...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/3.mp4
Based on the apparatus demonstrated in the video, this is a simple ______ generator.
videos/Electrical_Engineering/3.mp4
{ "A": "Thermal convection. Heat is transferred from above to below.", "B": "Thermal convection. Heat is transferred from below to above.", "C": "Thermal radiation. Heat is transferred from above to below.", "D": "Thermal radiation. Heat is transferred from below to above.", "E": "Heat conduction. Heat is tra...
multiple-choice
validation_177
B
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTKiowdfnsg
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection_(heat_transfer)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection" ], "rationale": "There is a heat source below the liquid in the video. The colder l...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Thermodynamics/1.mp4
What is the heat transfer method in the video?
videos/Thermodynamics/1.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_178
shoring
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XE0hx02I2X0
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_earth_pressure", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoring", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trench", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_engineering" ], "rationale": "The diagon...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/2.mp4
It is known as **______** in the construction shown in the video.
videos/Civil_Engineering/2.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_179
implicit
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eN8Hqyyowao
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiology_of_Learning_and_Memory", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_memory", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicit_memory" ], "rationale": "The woman playing the violin in the video is demonstrating implicit memory, specifically procedural ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/7.mp4
The woman playing in the video is primarily demonstrating her **_____** memory.
videos/Neurobiology/7.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_180
coarse-grained
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2LppPcaYX4
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loam", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_classification" ], "rationale": "The beach's soil is identified as coarse-grained, primarily composed of sand. Such soils have large particles and high void spaces, resulting in significant hydraulic conductivity or...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Geography/2.mp4
What type of soil is present in this area?
videos/Geography/2.mp4
{ "A": "Bigger", "B": "Smaller first, then bigger", "C": "Remains unchanged", "D": "Bigger first, then smaller", "E": "Smaller" }
multiple-choice
validation_181
A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBJ6GSvPg2M
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_(waves)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizer", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_rotation" ], "rationale": "After rotating the knob, the light spot on the screen changes from large to small, and finally disappears, indicating that...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Modern_Physics/1.mp4
When the operators rotate the knob, how does the polarization angle between two polarizing filter changes?
videos/Modern_Physics/1.mp4
{ "A": "Place the mobile phone in the wire mesh with a small gap.", "B": "Keep the phone away from the measuring device.", "C": "Replace the propagation medium.", "D": "Place the phone in a wire mesh with the lid uncovered.", "E": "Place the mobile phone in the wire mesh with large gaps." }
multiple-choice
validation_182
C
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpfMdC_mCok&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=6
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_cage", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_shielding", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal_wave", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-square_law" ], "rationale": "The power of radiated electromagnetic waves is inversely ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/4.mp4
Which method was not used in the experiment to reduce the intensity of electromagnetic waves?
videos/Electrical_Engineering/4.mp4
{ "A": "The last setting acts as a continuous conductive barrier that reflects and absorbs the electromagnetic waves, whereas the large gaps in the second and third setting allow the waves to pass through.", "B": "The thickness of the the last setting is sufficient to block the electromagnetic waves due to the skin...
multiple-choice
validation_183
A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpfMdC_mCok&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=6
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_cage", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductive_polymer", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_interference", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_shielding", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_effect" ], "rationale"...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/4.mp4
Which of the following best explains why the last used setting is more effective than the second and the third setting?
videos/Electrical_Engineering/4.mp4
{ "A": "Afterimage Effect", "B": "Autokinetic Effect", "C": "Mueller-Lyer Illusion", "D": "Phi Phenomenon", "E": "Persistence of vision" }
multiple-choice
validation_184
E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FoLSfqmOiYo
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_illusion", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_perception", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistence_of_vision", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell" ], "rationale": "The phenomenon where an image continues to appear in one'...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Art/1.mp4
What kind of phenomenon is showed in the video?
videos/Art/1.mp4
{ "A": "Surrealism", "B": "Abstract Expressionism", "C": "Kinetic Art", "D": "Pop Art", "E": "Futurism" }
multiple-choice
validation_185
C
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FoLSfqmOiYo
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistence_of_vision", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th-century_art", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_art", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_effects" ], "rationale": "The video features a spinning grid creating text illusions through ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Art/1.mp4
What art movement or style is most closely associated with those seen in the video?
videos/Art/1.mp4
{ "A": "Zoetrope", "B": "Camera Obscura", "C": "Daguerreotype", "D": "Stereoscope", "E": "Magic Lantern" }
multiple-choice
validation_186
A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FoLSfqmOiYo
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_toys", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoetrope", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistence_of_vision", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_art" ], "rationale": "The video shows the phenomenon of persistence of vision. The Zoetrope, utiliz...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Art/1.mp4
Which of the following historical inventions would they most likely identify as a direct predecessor employing a similar optical principle?
videos/Art/1.mp4
{ "A": "It is only a supporting role in economic development.", "B": "It hinders market competition and leads to economic inefficiency.", "C": "It is an important pillar of the economy, promoting industrial upgrading and employment.", "D": "It primarily serves as a consumer base without impacting industrial gro...
multiple-choice
validation_187
C
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMHpK8GwZAA
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaebol", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_innovation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_South_Korea", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_policy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_accumulation" ], "rationale": "K...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Economics/2.mp4
Which of the following best describes the role of the object shown in the video in the economy?
videos/Economics/2.mp4
{ "A": "The dominance of conglomerates ensures economic stability; thus, maintaining current policies is crucial to prevent market volatility.", "B": "The concentration reduces unemployment through conglomerate expansion; therefore, offering tax incentives to these conglomerates will sustain job growth.", "C": "T...
multiple-choice
validation_188
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMHpK8GwZAA
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaebol", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_law", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_South_Korea", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_and_medium-sized_enterprises" ], "rationale": "The video highlights that major conglomerates such ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Economics/2.mp4
Which of the following describes a major economic concern arising from this situation, and what policy measure would most effectively address it?
videos/Economics/2.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_189
triceps
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2CqTpNRGlA
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_nerve", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceps_reflex", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_tone", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_nerve", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendon_reflex" ], "rationale": "The doctor is assessing the t...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/8.mp4
In the video, based on the actions of the doctor and the patient, she is assessing the _______ reflex.
videos/Neurobiology/8.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_190
dorsal root ganglia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WeC9RrqgAQg
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretch_reflex", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_circuit", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellar_reflex", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_root_ganglion" ], "rationale": "The video demonst...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/9.mp4
In the reflex shown in the video, the cell bodies of the afferent sensory neurons are located in the **______**.
videos/Neurobiology/9.mp4
{ "A": "Basal ganglia", "B": "Brain stem", "C": "Spinal cord", "D": "Thalamus", "E": "Cerebellum" }
multiple-choice
validation_191
C
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WeC9RrqgAQg
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex_arc", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstem", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellar_reflex", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_ganglia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellum", "...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/9.mp4
Which part of the central nervous system innervates the reflex in this video?
videos/Neurobiology/9.mp4
{ "A": "0 milliseconds", "B": "1 milliseconds", "C": "2 milliseconds", "D": "3 milliseconds", "E": "4 milliseconds" }
multiple-choice
validation_192
B
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WeC9RrqgAQg
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_conduction_velocity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapse", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellar_reflex", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex_arc" ], "rationale": "The video demonstrates the knee-jerk reflex, a classic monosynaptic refl...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/9.mp4
If the synaptic transmission delay of neural signals through chemical signaling at the synapse is 1 ms, what is the total synaptic delay for the reaction shown in the video?
videos/Neurobiology/9.mp4
{ "A": "Sectorization of Cells", "B": "Power Control Mechanism", "C": "Implementation of Pico Cells", "D": "Carrier Aggregation Techniques", "E": "Beamforming Technology" }
multiple-choice
validation_193
B
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnsyG-_YIZ0
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_power_transfer", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_ad_hoc_network", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_control" ], "rationale": "The vide...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/5.mp4
Based on the description in the video, in this type of environment, which technology is primarily used in cellular networks to maintain optimal performance and reduce interference caused by overlapping cells?
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/5.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_194
ballast
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVLfNlMRyjM
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_ballast" ], "rationale":...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/15.mp4
The middle bulb requires a(n) ________ to operate properly in a DC circuit.
videos/Electromagnetism/15.mp4
{ "A": "Chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.", "B": "Electrical energy is converted into light energy and heat energy.", "C": "Light energy is converted into heat and electricity.", "D": "Light energy is converted into heat energy.", "E": "Light energy is converted into electrical energy." }
multiple-choice
validation_195
B
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVLfNlMRyjM
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transformation" ], "rationale": "The light bulb in the video ...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/15.mp4
What kind of energy conversion process occurs in the video?
videos/Electromagnetism/15.mp4
{ "A": "The right bulb has the highest luminous efficacy and is the most energy-efficient.", "B": "The left bulb has the highest luminous efficacy and is the most energy-efficient.", "C": "The middle bulb has the highest luminous efficacy and is the most energy-efficient.", "D": "All bulbs have the same luminou...
multiple-choice
validation_196
B
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVLfNlMRyjM
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_energy_use", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_efficacy" ], "rational...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/15.mp4
Which bulb has the highest luminous efficacy and is thus the most energy-efficient?
videos/Electromagnetism/15.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_197
second
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ReYj2GjXHlc
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_material", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-reinforced_composite" ], "rationale": "In the second experiment, wrapping the ice block with a paper towel creates a composite material, with the ice as the matrix and the paper towel as the reinforce...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Materials_Science/3.mp4
In the materials science experiment, a total of two experiments were conducted. The material used in the ______ experiment demonstrated higher strength.
videos/Materials_Science/3.mp4
{ "A": "", "B": "", "C": "", "D": "", "E": "" }
open-ended
validation_198
sodium
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmcfsEEogxs
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactivity_series", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolphthalein" ], "rationale": "The metal is likely sodium, as it is silvery and forms a shiny surface when scr...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Chemistry/3.mp4
Based on the video, the tested solid substance is most likely **______________**.
videos/Chemistry/3.mp4
{ "A": "conductive", "B": "insoluble in oil", "C": "silver-white solid", "D": "flammable", "E": "soft texture" }
multiple-choice
validation_199
D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmcfsEEogxs
{ "knowledge": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductive_polymer", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactivity_(chemistry)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_metals,_metalloids_and_nonmetals" ], "rationale": "From the storage of the solid i...
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Chemistry/3.mp4
Which physical property of the substance is not demonstrated in the video?
videos/Chemistry/3.mp4