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2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | What was the performance of the vaccine candidates? | false | 3,647 | {
"text": [
"well-tolerated and able to trigger the relevant and appropriate immune responses in the participants"
],
"answer_start": [
12073
]
} |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What is an example of a case-based measure against coronavirus? | false | 1,076 | {
"text": [
"strong recommendations or laws to the general\npublic and primary care about self—isolation when showing COVID-19-like symptoms"
],
"answer_start": [
29883
]
} |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | Example of social distancing | false | 1,081 | {
"text": [
"reducing use ofpublictransport"
],
"answer_start": [
30753
]
} |
1,597 | Efficient generation of recombinant RNA viruses using targeted recombination-mediated mutagenesis of bacterial artificial chromosomes containing full-length cDNA
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3840674/
SHA: ef38ed2f4cc96e16ce011623cc5d15d2d8ca58c3
Authors: Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun; Risager, Peter Christ... | What sequences are critical for the autonomous replication of the pestivirus genome? | false | 5,244 | {
"text": [
"5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs)"
],
"answer_start": [
3080
]
} |
1,628 | Evidence for the Convergence Model: The Emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Viet Nam
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4580613/
SHA: ee5b43d20a640664510cb7a540caaae4a8e19933
Authors: Saksena, Sumeet; Fox, Jefferson; Epprecht, Michael; Tran, Chinh C.; Nong, Duong H.; Spencer, James H.;... | What factors and characteristics of semi-urban landscapes promote viral transmission? | false | 586 | {
"text": [
"higher levels of chicken densities, duck and geese flock size diversities, and fraction of land under rice or aquaculture than rural and urban areas. We also found that land-use diversity, a surrogate measure for potential mixing of host populations and other factors that likely influence viral trans... |
188 | The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management
and Infection Control in a Radiology Department
https://www.jacr.org/article/S1546-1440(20)30285-4/pdf
Journal Pre-proof
Zixing Huang, Shuang Zhao, Zhenlin Li, Weixia Chen, Lihong Zhao, Lipeng Deng, Bin
Song
PII: S1546-1440(20)30285-4
DOI: htt... | What's the recommended method to disinfect floors for COVID-19? | false | 240 | {
"text": [
"The ground is wiped with 1000mg/L chlorine-containing\ndisinfectant, once /4 hours."
],
"answer_start": [
19312
]
} |
1,571 | Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/
SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42
Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J.
Date: 2017-09-21
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8
License: cc-by
Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea... | What is the increase in the risk of respiratory disease after having childhood pneumonia. | false | 517 | {
"text": [
"The risk of developing at least one of the major sequelae was estimated as 6% after an ambulatory pneumonia event and 14% after an episode of hospitalized pneumonia."
],
"answer_start": [
4662
]
} |
2,669 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | What have decades of basic immunology research provided ? | false | 4,161 | {
"text": [
"a near-complete picture of the main armaments in the human antiviral arsenal."
],
"answer_start": [
7152
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What potential mechanism, could be presumed to underlie the pathogenesis of HCPS? | false | 4,559 | {
"text": [
"Direct viral effects"
],
"answer_start": [
18653
]
} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | Where do the LAIV replicate? | false | 1,482 | {
"text": [
"replicate in the mucosa of the nasopharynx"
],
"answer_start": [
4510
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | Compared to humans, what do ANDV infected hamsters exhibit? | false | 4,570 | {
"text": [
"exceptionally high titers of live ANDV in their tissues, with much of the viral replication occurring in hepatocytes"
],
"answer_start": [
21302
]
} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | From what language the disease gets its name? | false | 2,478 | {
"text": [
"Kimakonde vernacular language of Tanzania and Mozambique"
],
"answer_start": [
1765
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What can some of the other activities of N have, be linked to? | false | 4,500 | {
"text": [
"to fundamental requirements of replication"
],
"answer_start": [
10857
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | How do the viral RNAs become concentrated in P bodies during hantavirus infection? | false | 4,502 | {
"text": [
"through their interaction with N and DCP1"
],
"answer_start": [
11940
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} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What is a focal point of MERS? | false | 4,181 | {
"text": [
"The KSA"
],
"answer_start": [
968
]
} |
2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | As of 21 February, how many cases were reported? | false | 3,794 | {
"text": [
"47"
],
"answer_start": [
1891
]
} |
2,669 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | Where do these activities take place? | false | 4,147 | {
"text": [
"in various subcellular compartments"
],
"answer_start": [
4550
]
} |
2,461 | Mucosal immune responses induced by oral administration recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the COE antigen of PEDV in newborn piglets
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6418403/
SHA: 5caced13bcb8a42cca41369c5a71ae7df5381ca8
Authors: Wang, Jialu; Huang, Lulu; Mou, Chunxiao; Zhang, En; Wang, Yongheng; ... | How does the PED virus transmit between animals? | false | 601 | {
"text": [
"fecal–oral contact"
],
"answer_start": [
574
]
} |
1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | What are the merits of the filamentous phage carriers? | false | 1,755 | {
"text": [
"the filamentous phage is not only a highly immunogenic carrier, but by virtue of activating a range of innate and adaptive immune responses, serves as an excellent model virus-like particle antigen."
],
"answer_start": [
25809
]
} |
1,552 | One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/
SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658
Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C
Date: 2013-01-11
DOI:... | What does the NTCP protein mediate? | false | 3,000 | {
"text": [
"bile acid transport"
],
"answer_start": [
4383
]
} |
2,643 | Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7085188/
SHA: d013e42811c6442b184da3b9bbfd9e334031a975
Authors: Poole, Danielle N.; Escudero, Daniel J.; Gostin, Lawrence O.; Leblang, David; Talbot, Elizabeth A.
Date: 2020-03-21
DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-0... | What can prevent contact tracing? | false | 1,917 | {
"text": [
"Frequent displacement and limited contact information"
],
"answer_start": [
2580
]
} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What happens after host infection? | false | 2,507 | {
"text": [
"CHIKV undertakes a complex replication cycle upon host infection (Figure 2 ), which makes its genome susceptible to mutations"
],
"answer_start": [
7347
]
} |
2,669 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | What do the recent efforts indicate regarding hundreds of human and avian infectious viruses? | false | 4,166 | {
"text": [
"the true number may be in the millions and many harbour zoonotic potential."
],
"answer_start": [
7949
]
} |
2,634 | Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067204/
SHA: c097a8a9a543d69c34f10e5c3fd78019e560026a
Authors: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Kok, Kin-Hang; Zhu, Zheng; Chu, Hin; To, Kelv... | What was the G+C content? | false | 3,714 | {
"text": [
"38%"
],
"answer_start": [
7595
]
} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What is the added protection of NDV vector? | false | 1,587 | {
"text": [
"providing protection against both the influenza virus and NDV infection."
],
"answer_start": [
24545
]
} |
1,688 | Health care workers indicate ill preparedness for Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in Ashanti Region of Ghana
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5461762/
SHA: f8efe7295a7cf875c8a695df3e87a42e651ce60d
Authors: Annan, Augustina Angelina; Yar, Denis Dekugmen; Owusu, Michael; Biney, Eno Akua; Forson, Paa Kobina; O... | What does the study suggest would make healthcare workers more willing to care for patients during an Ebola virus outbreak? | false | 4,254 | {
"text": [
"if HCWs are assured or guaranteed that they and or their families would be taken care of in case of death or while taking care of an EVD case,"
],
"answer_start": [
17089
]
} |
2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | What was the clinical evolution of the hospitalised cases? | false | 3,828 | {
"text": [
"All hospitalised cases had a benign clinical evolution except four,"
],
"answer_start": [
8086
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What is the ultimate destination for N, for its assembly into viral particles? | false | 4,505 | {
"text": [
"the Golgi"
],
"answer_start": [
13906
]
} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What is the Newcastle disease virus? | false | 1,582 | {
"text": [
"a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus that causes disease in poultry."
],
"answer_start": [
22733
]
} |
2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | What places were linked to these? | false | 3,811 | {
"text": [
"14 were linked to a cluster in Bavaria, Germany, and seven to a cluster in Haute-Savoie, France"
],
"answer_start": [
5995
]
} |
2,437 | Screening of FDA-Approved Drugs for Inhibitors of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5640845/
SHA: 1bd2f6497996fc0fccd8dffd7f84846d3d36f964
Authors: Wang, Shaobo; Liu, Yang; Guo, Jiao; Wang, Peilin; Zhang, Leike; Xiao, Gengfu; Wang, Wei
Date: 2017-10-13
DOI: 10.1128/jv... | How many different pathogens are members of the Flaviviridae family of virus? | false | 1,225 | {
"text": [
"70"
],
"answer_start": [
2672
]
} |
1,671 | Host resilience to emerging coronaviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079962/
SHA: f7cfc37ea164f16393d7f4f3f2b32214dea1ded4
Authors: Jamieson, Amanda M
Date: 2016-07-01
DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0060
License: cc-by
Abstract: Recently, two coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus an... | What are some negative effects of decreasing immunopathology by immunomodulation? | false | 1,275 | {
"text": [
"decreasing immunopathology by immunomodulation is problematic because it can lead to increased pathogen burden, and thus increase virus-induced pathology"
],
"answer_start": [
11637
]
} |
1,580 | Isothermal Amplification Using a Chemical Heating Device for Point-of-Care Detection of HIV-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3285652/
SHA: ef7110a9022bac2e50c995b0f6b826ff071e48f8
Authors: Curtis, Kelly A.; Rudolph, Donna L.; Nejad, Irene; Singleton, Jered; Beddoe, Andy; Weigl, Bernhard; LaBarre, Paul;... | What screening method was evaluated in this study? | false | 4,435 | {
"text": [
"HIV-1 RT-LAMP assay"
],
"answer_start": [
1334
]
} |
2,565 | Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 Inhibits Hantaan Virus Infection, and Its Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs12252 Influences the Severity of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5206578/
SHA: 4328e18bdf9b52875c87f3f5ddb1911636a192d2
Authors: Xu-yang, Zheng; Pei... | What genotypes are associated with the severity of HFRS? | false | 552 | {
"text": [
"rs12252 C allele and CC genotype"
],
"answer_start": [
26357
]
} |
2,463 | SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | What was the fatality rate for SARS-CoV? | false | 1,211 | {
"text": [
"10%"
],
"answer_start": [
7310
]
} |
2,459 | No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/
SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24
Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan
Date: 2020-02-26
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440
License: cc-by
... | What was reported in a rebuttal paper led by an HIV-1 virologist Dr. Feng Gao? | false | 3,612 | {
"text": [
"they used careful bioinformatics analyses to demonstrate that the original claim of multiple HIV insertions into the SARS-CoV-2 is not HIV-1 specific but random"
],
"answer_start": [
6197
]
} |
2,463 | SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | What was the fatality rate for MERS? | false | 1,212 | {
"text": [
"34%"
],
"answer_start": [
7331
]
} |
2,432 | Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7090843/
SHA: 0a08fddd9dcee1b1254a05b49113521bbc423ccd
Authors: Lai, Jianbo; Ma, Simeng; Wang, Ying; Cai, Zhongxiang; Hu, Jianbo; Wei, Ning; Wu, Jiang; Du, Hui; Ch... | What were the results of analysis? | false | 3,467 | {
"text": [
"Frontline health care workers engaged in direct diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with COVID-19 were associated with a higher risk of symptoms of depression (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.11-2.09; P = .01), anxiety (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.22-2.02; P < .001), insomnia (OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.92-4.60; P < .00... |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | Is the geographical origin of the 1918 H1N1 swine flu known? | false | 1,087 | {
"text": [
"Confounding definite assignment of a geographic\npoint of origin, the 1918 pandemic spread more or less\nsimultaneously in 3 distinct waves during an z12-month\nperiod in 191871919, in Europe, Asia, and North America\n(the first wave was best described in the United States in\nMarch 1918)"
],
"answ... |
1,545 | Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/
SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14
Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;... | What is the case fatality rate of SARS and MERS? | false | 1,718 | {
"text": [
"ranged from 14% to 45%"
],
"answer_start": [
1448
]
} |
2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | What were the places of infection? | false | 3,810 | {
"text": [
"35 cases (missing for three cases), of whom 14 were infected in China (Hubei province: 10 cases; Shandong province: one case; province not reported for three cases). The remaining 21 cases were infected in Europe."
],
"answer_start": [
5770
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} |
1,662 | The Evolutionary Dynamics of the Lion Panthera leo Revealed by Host and Viral Population Genomics
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2572142/
SHA: f2af8027b6801850481d09ad0d4c5eb8e31c7d7f
Authors: Antunes, Agostinho; Troyer, Jennifer L.; Roelke, Melody E.; Pecon-Slattery, Jill; Packer, Craig; Winterbach, C... | What was the purpose of this study? | false | 5,172 | {
"text": [
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1,698 | Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064339/
SHA: f2cc0d63ff2c4aaa127c4caae21d8f3a0067e3d5
Authors: Brook, Cara E; Boots, Mike; Chandran, Kartik; Dobson, Andrew P; Drosten, Christian; Graham, Andrea L; Grenfell, Bryan T; ... | What is the conclusion of this report? | false | 2,720 | {
"text": [
"heightened immune responses limit pathogen-induced cellular morbidity, which can facilitate the establishment of rapidly-propagating persistent infections within-host. Rapidly-transmitting viruses that have evolved with bat immune systems will likely cause enhanced virulence following emergence into ... |
2,634 | Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067204/
SHA: c097a8a9a543d69c34f10e5c3fd78019e560026a
Authors: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Kok, Kin-Hang; Zhu, Zheng; Chu, Hin; To, Kelv... | What are Coronaviruses? | false | 3,697 | {
"text": [
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1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | Which rAd5 delivery has been tested? | false | 1,524 | {
"text": [
"A rAd5-HA expressing the HA from A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1; PR8) was delivered to humans epicutaneously or intranasally"
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1,632 | Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli into a versatile glycosylation platform: production of bio-active quercetin glycosides
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4573293/
SHA: f4cd52975e6aa33e8c947082eda9b261952b0f8f
Authors: De Bruyn, Frederik; Van Brempt, Maarten; Maertens, Jo; Van Bellegem, Wouter; Du... | What are the implications of the novel fermentation-based glycosylation strategy described in this study? | false | 5,299 | {
"text": [
"the economically viable production of various glycosides"
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1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What percentage of of all reported cases has MERS reportedly killed in KSA? | false | 4,226 | {
"text": [
"42 %"
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1,713 | Ebola Virus Maintenance: If Not (Only) Bats, What Else?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213544/
SHA: f16da7cf7a952fb981dfc0d77280aac9c3ab933a
Authors: Caron, Alexandre; Bourgarel, Mathieu; Cappelle, Julien; Liégeois, Florian; De Nys, Hélène M.; Roger, François
Date: 2018-10-09
DOI: 10.3390/v10100549
Li... | When was the West African Ebolavirus outbreak? | false | 5,316 | {
"text": [
"2013-2016"
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1,628 | Evidence for the Convergence Model: The Emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Viet Nam
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4580613/
SHA: ee5b43d20a640664510cb7a540caaae4a8e19933
Authors: Saksena, Sumeet; Fox, Jefferson; Epprecht, Michael; Tran, Chinh C.; Nong, Duong H.; Spencer, James H.;... | What is the principle behind infection Convergence Model ? | false | 588 | {
"text": [
"The convergence model can be so adapted by incorporating the dynamics of urban, agricultural, and natural ecosystem transformations proposed with this framework. These associated multifaceted interactions including feedbacks that affect ecological communities, hosts and pathogen populations, are the ... |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What does the epithelial proteins cause? | false | 3,943 | {
"text": [
"enable infiltration of innate immune cells and of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) that will then in turn release specific mediators to facilitate viral targeting and clearance, including type II interferon (IFNγ), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-12 (Wark and Gibson, 2006; Singh et al., 20... |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | Why is it important to identify the exact mechanisms underpinning viral exacerbations in susceptible subjects? | false | 3,875 | {
"text": [
"to properly manage exacerbations via supplementary treatments that may alleviate the exacerbation symptoms or prevent severe exacerbations."
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"answer_start": [
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2,440 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | When is SSA generally employed? | false | 4,397 | {
"text": [
"to improve FPA to avoid its drawbacks (i.e., getting trapped at the local optima)"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What is the advantage of recombinant DNA systems? | false | 1,494 | {
"text": [
"adding and manipulating the influenza virus antigens"
],
"answer_start": [
7186
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What is the effect of the inflammation of the airway? | false | 3,961 | {
"text": [
"However, in the inflamed airway, the cytokines and chemokines released instead augmented the inflammation present in the chronically inflamed airway, strengthening the neutrophilic infiltration in COPD airway, and eosinophilic infiltration in the asthmatic airway. The effect is also further compounde... |
1,740 | The human viral challenge model: accelerating the evaluation of respiratory antivirals, vaccines and novel diagnostics
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6013893/
SHA: f13c88733ea45be9e923a282dfd42f8c277c187c
Authors: Lambkin-Williams, Rob; Noulin, Nicolas; Mann, Alex; Catchpole, Andrew; Gilbert, Anthony S... | What virus is most commonly associated with acute respiratory infections? | false | 310 | {
"text": [
"human rhinovirus"
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"answer_start": [
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1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | Which are some phage based contraceptive vaccines for animals? | false | 1,744 | {
"text": [
"immunization with phage displaying follicle-stimulating hormone peptides on pVIII elicited antibodies that impaired the fertility of mice and ewes"
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"answer_start": [
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2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | Why were they hospitalised? | false | 3,813 | {
"text": [
"it is likely that most were hospitalised to isolate the person rather than because of severe disease."
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} |
2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | How many cases had data on preexisting conditions? | false | 3,823 | {
"text": [
"seven cases"
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1,687 | Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/
SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d... | What does ouabain inhibit? | false | 5,156 | {
"text": [
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1,740 | The human viral challenge model: accelerating the evaluation of respiratory antivirals, vaccines and novel diagnostics
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6013893/
SHA: f13c88733ea45be9e923a282dfd42f8c277c187c
Authors: Lambkin-Williams, Rob; Noulin, Nicolas; Mann, Alex; Catchpole, Andrew; Gilbert, Anthony S... | How many surface proteins are on the H1N1 influenza virus? | false | 319 | {
"text": [
"two"
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1,645 | Pre-existing immunity against vaccine vectors – friend or foe?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3542731/
SHA: f5bdf18567bb3760e1ce05008135f0270badbd5c
Authors: Saxena, Manvendra; Van, Thi Thu Hao; Baird, Fiona J.; Coloe, Peter J.; Smooker, Peter M.
Date: 2013-01-27
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.049601-0
License: cc... | Which viral vaccine delivery vector was first licensed? | false | 825 | {
"text": [
"YFV (YF-17D strain) was the first to be licensed for use in humans, where the cDNAs encoding the envelope proteins of YFV were replaced with the corresponding genes of an attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus strain, SA14-14-2"
],
"answer_start": [
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1,684 | A novel anti-mycobacterial function of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804704/
SHA: f6ed1f1e9999e57793addb1c9c54f61c7861a995
Authors: Cheung, Benny KW; Yim, Howard CH; Lee, Norris CM; Lau, Allan SY
Date: 2009-12-17
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-64
License: cc-... | What is critical to the development of a protective granuloma in tuberculosis infections? | false | 887 | {
"text": [
"tumor necrosis factor-α"
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"answer_start": [
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} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | Why it can be concluded that MERS-COV is a novel and distinct virus? | false | 4,230 | {
"text": [
"less than 80 % identity between the amino acid sequence of MERS ORF 1ab and betacoronavirus relatives, Tylonycteris bat HKU4 and Pipistrellus bat HKU5"
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"answer_start": [
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2,551 | Potential Maternal and Infant Outcomes from (Wuhan) Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Infecting Pregnant Women: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and Other Human Coronavirus Infections
https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020194
SHA: 779c1b5cb3afe3d50219aa2af791014a22eb355a
Authors: Schwartz, David A.; Graham, Ashley L.
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/v1... | What animals can carry coronavirus? | false | 2,200 | {
"text": [
"uding birds, farm animals, pets, camels, an"
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1,599 | Diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in suspected community-acquired pneumonia adults visiting emergency department and having a systematic thoracic CT scan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4608327/
SHA: f3d150545162ff3cc253c235011a02a91ee676cb
Authors: Le Bel, Josselin; Hausfater,... | What chest X-ray findings are typically indicative of community-acquired pneumonia? | false | 5,254 | {
"text": [
"the presence of new parenchymal infiltrates"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | How is the TIV administered? | false | 1,257 | {
"text": [
"intramuscularly"
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"answer_start": [
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} |
2,432 | Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7090843/
SHA: 0a08fddd9dcee1b1254a05b49113521bbc423ccd
Authors: Lai, Jianbo; Ma, Simeng; Wang, Ying; Cai, Zhongxiang; Hu, Jianbo; Wei, Ning; Wu, Jiang; Du, Hui; Ch... | What were the Insomnia Severity Index scores ? | false | 3,464 | {
"text": [
"among frontline vs second-line workers: 6.0 [2.0-11.0] vs 4.0 [1.0-8.0]; P < .001"
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"answer_start": [
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} |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What is Denmark's estimated mean percentage [95% credible interval] of total population infected as of 28th March? | false | 849 | {
"text": [
"1.1% [0.40%-3.1%]"
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"answer_start": [
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1,550 | Nearly Complete Genome Sequence of an Echovirus 30 Strain from a Cluster of Aseptic Meningitis Cases in California, September 2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6953510/
SHA: f0c4d40e1879dd1a049298f151940ac168b5f5a7
Authors: Pan, Chao-Yang; Huynh, Thalia; Padilla, Tasha; Chen, Alice; Ng, Terry Fei Fan... | In California, to where are meningitis cases reported according to the California Code of Regulations? | false | 2,990 | {
"text": [
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"answer_start": [
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} |
1,740 | The human viral challenge model: accelerating the evaluation of respiratory antivirals, vaccines and novel diagnostics
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6013893/
SHA: f13c88733ea45be9e923a282dfd42f8c277c187c
Authors: Lambkin-Williams, Rob; Noulin, Nicolas; Mann, Alex; Catchpole, Andrew; Gilbert, Anthony S... | What is the primary etiology of acute respiratory infection? | false | 308 | {
"text": [
"viral"
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"answer_start": [
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} |
2,675 | Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) related to the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among Chinese General Population: a Telephone Survey
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3112099/
SHA: fe954b75ed45c02d47090ee70d25c726b24b081c
Authors: Lin, Yilan; Huang, Lijuan; Nie, Shaofa; Liu, Zengyan; Yu, Hongjie; Yan, Weiron... | What does it mean for a pandemic to have a WHO alert level of 6? | false | 527 | {
"text": [
"spread in more than two continents"
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"answer_start": [
2984
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} |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What is an incubation period? | false | 1,098 | {
"text": [
"infection-\nto-onset"
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"answer_start": [
37114
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} |
1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | What makes it an attractive vaccine carrier? | false | 1,740 | {
"text": [
"The phage particle's low cost of production, high stability and potential for high valency display of foreign antigen"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | How does the transmissibility of 2019-nCOV compare with other viruses? | false | 3,626 | {
"text": [
"2019-nCoV has potentially higher transmissibility (R0: 1.4-5.5) than both SARS-CoV (R0: [2] [3] [4] [5] and MERS-CoV (R0: <1)"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
641 | RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/
Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro
2013-02-06
DOI:10.3390/ph6020223
License:cc-by
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions... | Why is the nasal mucosa useful in the delivery of small molecules into the body? | false | 1,615 | {
"text": [
"the surface area can result in rapid absorption of the medication into the blood"
],
"answer_start": [
3446
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} |
1,633 | The vacuolar-type ATPase inhibitor archazolid increases tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells by accumulating extracellular collagen
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133348/
SHA: f1b81916fac1ca3d50dde774df2e1bb26bf0fb39
Authors: Luong, Betty; Schwenk, Rebecca; Bräutigam, Jacqueline; Müller, Rolf; Men... | What is archazolid? | false | 5,302 | {
"text": [
"v-ATPase inhibitor"
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"answer_start": [
775
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} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What is the transmission of MERS-CoV is defined as? | false | 4,293 | {
"text": [
"requiring close and prolonged contact"
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"answer_start": [
46374
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} |
1,652 | Deep sequencing of primary human lung epithelial cells challenged with H5N1 influenza virus reveals a proviral role for CEACAM1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6195505/
SHA: ef58c6e981a08c85d2c0efb80e5b32b075f660b4
Authors: Ye, Siying; Cowled, Christopher J.; Yap, Cheng-Hon; Stambas, John
Date: 2018-10-... | How many severe cases of influenza-related illnesses are reported per year? | false | 1,939 | {
"text": [
"Between 3-5 million"
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"answer_start": [
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What infections such as RV and RSV that weakly induce antiviral responses may result in? | false | 4,022 | {
"text": [
"an altered inflammatory state contributing to further viral persistence and exacerbation of chronic airway inflammatory diseases"
],
"answer_start": [
31886
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} |
1,571 | Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/
SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42
Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J.
Date: 2017-09-21
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8
License: cc-by
Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea... | Childhood pneumonia rate for high income countries vs low and middle income countries. | false | 513 | {
"text": [
"The incidence in high-income countries is estimated at 0.015 episodes per child year, compared to 0.22 episodes per child year in low-and middle-income countries [3] . On average, 1 in 66 children in high-income countries is affected by pneumonia per year, compared to 1 in 5 children in low-and middl... |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What is Norway's estimated mean percentage [95% credible interval] of total population infected as of 28th March? | false | 853 | {
"text": [
"0.41% [0.09%-1.2%]"
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"answer_start": [
13237
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} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What is the death rate from MERS-COV? | false | 4,195 | {
"text": [
"over a third of the positive people dying (at least 527, 35 %)"
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"answer_start": [
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} |
1,623 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | How are the influenza tests carried out? | false | 4,096 | {
"text": [
"Nasal swabs are randomly collected all along the year and are tested by RT-PCR for influenza viruses"
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"answer_start": [
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | Which cells lacking both B and T cell receptors but play a crucial role in secreting type 2 cytokines to perpetuate type 2 inflammation when activated ? | false | 3,949 | {
"text": [
"ILC2s are a group of lymphoid cells"
],
"answer_start": [
12704
]
} |
1,568 | Etiology of respiratory tract infections in the community and clinic in Ilorin, Nigeria
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5719735/
SHA: f2e835d2cde5f42054dbd0c20d4060721135c518
Authors: Kolawole, Olatunji; Oguntoye, Michael; Dam, Tina; Chunara, Rumi
Date: 2017-12-07
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-3063-1
License:... | What was the most common virus detected in community members in this sample? | false | 1,598 | {
"text": [
"Coronavirus OC43"
],
"answer_start": [
1285
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | When did Hantavirus infections became a concern in the Americas? | false | 4,459 | {
"text": [
"disease, hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, HCPS (or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome), was linked to"
],
"answer_start": [
3228
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What is the the rate of general transmission, even in outbreaks? | false | 4,294 | {
"text": [
"readily transmit to more than one other human"
],
"answer_start": [
46742
]
} |
1,590 | In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Circular Triple Helix Forming Oligonucleotide RNA towards Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Replication
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3950953/
SHA: f5ad2323eb387f6e271e2842bb2cc4a33504fde3
Authors: Choong, Oi Kuan; Mehrbod, Parvaneh; Tejo, Bimo Ario; Omar, Abdul Rahman... | What is the molecular structure of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus? | false | 4,052 | {
"text": [
"enveloped virus with a nonsegmented, positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome"
],
"answer_start": [
1635
]
} |
1,645 | Pre-existing immunity against vaccine vectors – friend or foe?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3542731/
SHA: f5bdf18567bb3760e1ce05008135f0270badbd5c
Authors: Saxena, Manvendra; Van, Thi Thu Hao; Baird, Fiona J.; Coloe, Peter J.; Smooker, Peter M.
Date: 2013-01-27
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.049601-0
License: cc... | What bacterial delivery vectors have been tested in animal hosts? | false | 802 | {
"text": [
"attenuated bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), specifically Lactococcus lactis, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Shigella and Salmonella, have been tested for the targeted delivery of heterologous antigens of bacterial, viral and parasitic origin into a variety ... |
1,671 | Host resilience to emerging coronaviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079962/
SHA: f7cfc37ea164f16393d7f4f3f2b32214dea1ded4
Authors: Jamieson, Amanda M
Date: 2016-07-01
DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0060
License: cc-by
Abstract: Recently, two coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus an... | What is the prognostic role of coinfection in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections? | false | 1,281 | {
"text": [
"One factor that increased disease for patients infected with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV was infection with other viruses or bacteria"
],
"answer_start": [
13525
]
} |
1,582 | Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/
SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc
Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur... | Why is EBC an attractive method for screening? | false | 5,200 | {
"text": [
"easy to perform and can be conducted in a home environment"
],
"answer_start": [
12629
]
} |
2,634 | Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067204/
SHA: c097a8a9a543d69c34f10e5c3fd78019e560026a
Authors: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Kok, Kin-Hang; Zhu, Zheng; Chu, Hin; To, Kelv... | How were the evolutionary distances computed? | false | 3,710 | {
"text": [
"using the Poisson correction method and were in the units of the number of amino acid substitutions per site ["
],
"answer_start": [
5918
]
} |
185 | CDC Summary 21 MAR 2020,
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/summary.html
This is a rapidly evolving situation and CDC will provide updated information and guidance as it becomes available.
Updated March 21, 2020
CDC is responding to a pandemic of respiratory disease spreading from person-to-pers... | What risk factors should be considered in addition to clinical symptoms? | false | 228 | {
"text": [
"Does the patient have recent travel from an affected area?\nHas the patient been in close contact with someone with COVID-19 or with patients with pneumonia of unknown cause?\nDoes the patient reside in an area where there has been community spread of COVID-19?"
],
"answer_start": [
2381
]
... |
1,592 | Pretreatment Hepatitis C Virus NS5A/NS5B Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Genotype 1 Uruguayan Infected Patients
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112080/
SHA: f01ad3545245b4f884b48aa2b69c9deb942c3e77
Authors: Aldunate, Fabián; Echeverría, Natalia; Chiodi, Daniela; López, Pablo; Sánchez-Cicerón, Ad... | How many patients were studied? | false | 3,898 | {
"text": [
"31"
],
"answer_start": [
4443
]
} |
1,546 | First Complete Genome Sequence of a French Bovine coronavirus Strain
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5477389/
SHA: eef0ecf5b8e7b179dadaef967e65f2ab68f021e1
Authors: Kin, Nathalie; Guerard, Pauline; Diancourt, Laure; Caro, Valérie; Vabret, Astrid; Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg
Date: 2017-05-25
DOI: 10.1128/genomea... | What is the molecular structure of bovine coronavirus? | false | 918 | {
"text": [
"single-stranded, linear, and nonsegmented RNA"
],
"answer_start": [
784
]
} |
1,656 | Improved Pharmacological and Structural Properties of HIV Fusion Inhibitor AP3 over Enfuvirtide: Highlighting Advantages of Artificial Peptide Strategy
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4541410/
SHA: f2fcc16391f946c99717b63ec9a24e5384aac381
Authors: Zhu, Xiaojie; Zhu, Yun; Ye, Sheng; Wang, Qian; Xu, Wei; ... | What enhanced anti-HIV1 activity? | false | 2,258 | {
"text": [
"adding two amino acids of Met and Thr to the N-terminus of a CHR-peptide"
],
"answer_start": [
4664
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What do ANDV-infected hamsters fitted with physiologic monitoring devices exhibit? | false | 4,567 | {
"text": [
"diminished pulse pressures, tachycardia, and hypotension"
],
"answer_start": [
21047
]
} |
2,463 | SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | What is superspreading? | false | 1,217 | {
"text": [
"where a case infected significantly more contacts than the average"
],
"answer_start": [
9409
]
} |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What is Italy's estimated mean percentage [95% credible interval] of total population infected as of 28th March? | false | 852 | {
"text": [
"9.8% [3.2%-26%]"
],
"answer_start": [
13214
]
} |
1,652 | Deep sequencing of primary human lung epithelial cells challenged with H5N1 influenza virus reveals a proviral role for CEACAM1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6195505/
SHA: ef58c6e981a08c85d2c0efb80e5b32b075f660b4
Authors: Ye, Siying; Cowled, Christopher J.; Yap, Cheng-Hon; Stambas, John
Date: 2018-10-... | What motifs are absent in the short form of CEACAM1 protein? | false | 1,946 | {
"text": [
"immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs)"
],
"answer_start": [
6702
]
} |
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