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1,740 | The human viral challenge model: accelerating the evaluation of respiratory antivirals, vaccines and novel diagnostics
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6013893/
SHA: f13c88733ea45be9e923a282dfd42f8c277c187c
Authors: Lambkin-Williams, Rob; Noulin, Nicolas; Mann, Alex; Catchpole, Andrew; Gilbert, Anthony S... | Has rupintrivir been shown to reduce the symptoms of a rhinoviral infection? | false | 315 | {
"text": [
"in studies of natural infection, it did not significantly affect viral loads or symptom severity"
],
"answer_start": [
9308
]
} |
1,628 | Evidence for the Convergence Model: The Emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Viet Nam
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4580613/
SHA: ee5b43d20a640664510cb7a540caaae4a8e19933
Authors: Saksena, Sumeet; Fox, Jefferson; Epprecht, Michael; Tran, Chinh C.; Nong, Duong H.; Spencer, James H.;... | What is the advantage of Boosted Regression Tree method? | false | 591 | {
"text": [
"The advantage of BRT is that it applies stochastic processes that include probabilistic components to improve predictive performance."
],
"answer_start": [
26125
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What increases the severity of exacerbations in the airway? | false | 3,962 | {
"text": [
"the synergistic effect of viral infection with other sensitizing agents"
],
"answer_start": [
15260
]
} |
1,645 | Pre-existing immunity against vaccine vectors – friend or foe?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3542731/
SHA: f5bdf18567bb3760e1ce05008135f0270badbd5c
Authors: Saxena, Manvendra; Van, Thi Thu Hao; Baird, Fiona J.; Coloe, Peter J.; Smooker, Peter M.
Date: 2013-01-27
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.049601-0
License: cc... | What are examples of viral vectors for delivering vaccines? | false | 817 | {
"text": [
"recombinant vaccines are based on both DNA viruses (such as fowlpox virus-based vaccines which target avian influenza virus and fowlpox virus, or vaccinia virusbased vectors against the rabies virus in wildlife) and RNA viruses [such as Newcastle disease virus-based vaccines to be used in poultry or ... |
1,569 | Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667631/
SHA: ee632fa425607e8ff91fc3730bc0782d43ce9c0c
Authors: Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim; Taylor, Justin J.
Date: 2019-07-24
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01694
License: cc-by
Abstract: Antibodies against foreign antigens a... | How has the study of B-cells helped the treatment for Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)? | false | 489 | {
"text": [
"For RSV, stabilized versions of the fusion (F) protein in the pre-fusion conformation have led to insights in the B cell's response to infection and has generated potentially safer and more efficacious vaccine candidates"
],
"answer_start": [
4083
]
} |
1,598 | Which Kind of Provider’s Operation Volumes Matters? Associations between CABG Surgical Site Infection Risk and Hospital and Surgeon Operation Volumes among Medical Centers in Taiwan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459823/
SHA: f3cbc0503581249a834895fc94cd3bae24714a0d
Authors: Yu, Tsung-Hsien; Tung, Yu-... | What is the purpose of this research study? | false | 5,247 | {
"text": [
"to examine whether a relationship exists between operation volumes and SSIs"
],
"answer_start": [
793
]
} |
1,690 | Viruses and Evolution – Viruses First? A Personal Perspective
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433886/
SHA: f3b9fc0f8e0a431366196d3e835e1ec368b379d1
Authors: Moelling, Karin; Broecker, Felix
Date: 2019-03-19
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00523
License: cc-by
Abstract: The discovery of exoplanets within putat... | What do ribozymes consist of? | false | 1,184 | {
"text": [
"circular single-stranded RNAs"
],
"answer_start": [
3946
]
} |
2,459 | No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/
SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24
Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan
Date: 2020-02-26
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440
License: cc-by
... | What is the conclusion of this report? | false | 3,615 | {
"text": [
"there is currently no credible evidence to support the claim that SARS-CoV-2 originated from a laboratory-engineered CoV. It is more likely that SARS-CoV-2 is a recombinant CoV generated in nature between a bat CoV and another coronavirus in an intermediate animal host."
],
"answer_start": [
... |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | Where was the the case first to be publicly reported was from ? | false | 4,175 | {
"text": [
"Jeddah, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} |
1,684 | A novel anti-mycobacterial function of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804704/
SHA: f6ed1f1e9999e57793addb1c9c54f61c7861a995
Authors: Cheung, Benny KW; Yim, Howard CH; Lee, Norris CM; Lau, Allan SY
Date: 2009-12-17
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-64
License: cc-... | What protein is in the critical path of immunity and cytokine expression? | false | 899 | {
"text": [
"MAPK"
],
"answer_start": [
7415
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | Why do treatment and management vary in efficacy? | false | 3,864 | {
"text": [
"due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease."
],
"answer_start": [
2640
]
} |
1,576 | Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/
SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27
Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj... | What is the structure of the coronavirus? | false | 3,677 | {
"text": [
"enveloped, non-segmented, positive-strand RNA viruses"
],
"answer_start": [
1786
]
} |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What can cause a slowing growth in daily reported deaths? | false | 806 | {
"text": [
"significant impact\nof interventions implemented several weeks earlier."
],
"answer_start": [
3126
]
} |
1,665 | Mucosal Vaccination with Recombinant Lactobacillus casei-Displayed CTA1-Conjugated Consensus Matrix Protein-2 (sM2) Induces Broad Protection against Divergent Influenza Subtypes in BALB/c Mice
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3979752/
SHA: efaa556b484fbcd9cc34832ffac53ef3e834e9c0
Authors: Chowdhury, Moha... | What did this study show? | false | 5,192 | {
"text": [
"recombinant L. casei expressing CTA1-sM2 induced long-lasting immunity and conferred protection against lethal infections by influenza"
],
"answer_start": [
44663
]
} |
1,561 | Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalitis Responding to Combined Decompressive Craniectomy, Intravenous Immunoglobulin, and Corticosteroid Therapies: Association with Novel RANBP2 Variant
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857578/
SHA: ef6638accc1ef599ad1aafd47b3a86f2b904cc76
Authors: Alawadhi, Abdulla; Saint-Martin... | What is Acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis? | false | 3,032 | {
"text": [
"a rare form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What is highlighted by the authors in this review? | false | 3,969 | {
"text": [
"recent data regarding viral interactions with the airway epithelium that could also contribute to, or further aggravate, acute exacerbations of chronic airway inflammatory diseases."
],
"answer_start": [
16618
]
} |
1,687 | Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/
SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d... | How do the authors suggest that ATP1A1 and PHB contribute to the efficient multiplication of mammarenaviruses? | false | 5,159 | {
"text": [
"using genetics and pharmacological inhibition of the genes"
],
"answer_start": [
34177
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What is the specificity with which immunochromatographic tool could detect recombinant MERS-CoV nucleocapsid protein? | false | 4,233 | {
"text": [
"100 %"
],
"answer_start": [
13747
]
} |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | Which age group was most susceptible to die during the 1918 swine flu pandemic? | false | 1,111 | {
"text": [
"Persons 65 years of age in 1918 had a dispro-\nportionately high influenza incidence"
],
"answer_start": [
23095
]
} |
1,557 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | How many cases of sputum positive tuberculosis patients had no persistent cough? | false | 3,030 | {
"text": [
"45%"
],
"answer_start": [
14655
]
} |
1,576 | Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/
SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27
Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj... | What is the conclusion of the coronavirus long-term surveillance studies? | false | 3,686 | {
"text": [
"Rhinolophus bats seem to harbor a wide diversity of CoVs"
],
"answer_start": [
28444
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | When is a single sample suggested to be sufficient? | false | 4,247 | {
"text": [
"Human urine and stool have been found to contain MERS-CoV RNA"
],
"answer_start": [
23122
]
} |
1,656 | Improved Pharmacological and Structural Properties of HIV Fusion Inhibitor AP3 over Enfuvirtide: Highlighting Advantages of Artificial Peptide Strategy
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4541410/
SHA: f2fcc16391f946c99717b63ec9a24e5384aac381
Authors: Zhu, Xiaojie; Zhu, Yun; Ye, Sheng; Wang, Qian; Xu, Wei; ... | Why did the T20/N36 complex not show a typical alpha helical conformation? | false | 2,263 | {
"text": [
"Because T20 lacks the pocket-binding domain (PBD)"
],
"answer_start": [
10220
]
} |
1,634 | Gastroenteritis and respiratory infection outbreaks in French nursing homes from 2007 to 2018: Morbidity and all-cause lethality according to the individual characteristics of residents
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6759171/
SHA: f1d456ea268266ff3c21317c4190e4fcb49b5e4f
Authors: Gaspard, Philippe; Mos... | What was the reported infection rate for influenza? | false | 5,308 | {
"text": [
"30.0%"
],
"answer_start": [
24623
]
} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What is CHIKV? | false | 2,475 | {
"text": [
"an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus"
],
"answer_start": [
1491
]
} |
1,579 | Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Adult Patients Attending Outpatient and Emergency Departments, Taiwan, 2012–2013: A PCR/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635751/
SHA: ef6361c7bffb9e92f397d7004bfb3a9c804d7c6a
Authors: Shih, Hsin-I; Wang, Hsuan-Chen; Su... | What was the definition for an immunocompromised state in this study? | false | 4,082 | {
"text": [
"corticosteroid treatment, solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell recipient, or chemotherapy for an underlying malignancy during the past 6 months"
],
"answer_start": [
7015
]
} |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | What was the age profile of mortality in the 1918 swine flu? | false | 1,110 | {
"text": [
"age-specific death rates in the\n1918 pandemic exhibited a distinct pattern that has not been\ndocumented before or since: a “W—shaped” curve, similar to\nthe familiar U-shaped curve but with the addition of a third\n(middle) distinct peak of deaths in young adults z20410\nyears of age"
],
"answer... |
1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | Why are antibody epitope based peptide vaccines are no longer an active research area? | false | 1,742 | {
"text": [
"(i) in many cases, peptides incompletely or inadequately mimic epitopes on folded proteins (Irving et al., 2010 ; see below); (ii) antibodies against a single epitope may be of limited utility, especially for highly variable pathogens (Van Regenmortel, 2012); and (iii) for pathogens for which protect... |
1,676 | Viruses Causing Gastroenteritis: The Known, The New and Those Beyond
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4776197/
SHA: f7b30ee89775bc82607cc6bc87feb5934b47625f
Authors: Oude Munnink, Bas B.; van der Hoek, Lia
Date: 2016-02-19
DOI: 10.3390/v8020042
License: cc-by
Abstract: The list of recently discovered ga... | When was the first tissue culture system developed? | false | 904 | {
"text": [
"1907"
],
"answer_start": [
7046
]
} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What does immunization with adenovirus induce? | false | 1,540 | {
"text": [
"potent cellular and humoral immune responses that are initiated through toll-like receptor-dependent and independent pathways which induce robust pro-inflammatory cytokine responses"
],
"answer_start": [
11409
]
} |
2,669 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | What growing dysjunction has been witnessed? | false | 4,123 | {
"text": [
"a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no less, between broadening strides in fundamental biomedical research and their incommensurate reach into the clinic."
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What is the destabilization is further compounded by? | false | 3,995 | {
"text": [
"impaired bacterial immune response, either from direct viral influences, or use of corticosteroids to suppress the exacerbation symptoms"
],
"answer_start": [
24222
]
} |
1,595 | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Viroporin 3a Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6361828/
SHA: f02d0c1e8b0109648e578662dc250abe349a033c
Authors: Chen, I-Yin; Moriyama, Miyu; Chang, Ming-Fu; Ichinohe, Takeshi
Date: 2019-01-29
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00050
Licens... | What is the family of the SARS coronavirus? | false | 284 | {
"text": [
"Coronaviridae"
],
"answer_start": [
1757
]
} |
1,623 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What co-infections were found? | false | 4,038 | {
"text": [
"Nine swabs (5.3% of positive swabs) revealed co-infections with two viruses identified, among which six concerned co-infections with influenza viruses."
],
"answer_start": [
1110
]
} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | Why adenovirus may be the safest vaccine vector? | false | 1,498 | {
"text": [
"A live adenovirus vaccine containing serotypes 4 and 7 has been in use by the military for decades"
],
"answer_start": [
7758
]
} |
2,669 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | What do Braun and Sauter review? | false | 4,155 | {
"text": [
"the roles of furin in these processes, as well as the history and future of furin-targeting therapeutics."
],
"answer_start": [
5516
]
} |
1,679 | Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Induces Apoptosis through the Unfolded Protein Response Activation of EGR1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4794670/
SHA: f4aa788ab898b28b00ee103e4d4ab24a2c684caf
Authors: Baer, Alan; Lundberg, Lindsay; Swales, Danielle; Waybright, Nicole; Pinkham, Chelsea; Dinman, Jo... | What is the mortality rate of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in children? | false | 935 | {
"text": [
"35%"
],
"answer_start": [
4088
]
} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What does LAIV immunization do? | false | 1,483 | {
"text": [
"LAIV immunization induces serum antibody responses, mucosal antibody responses (IgA), and T cell responses."
],
"answer_start": [
4560
]
} |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | What other measures rapid diagnostics facilitates? | false | 3,659 | {
"text": [
"specific public health interventions such as closure of high-risk facilities and areas associated with the confirmed cases for prompt infection control and environmental decontamination"
],
"answer_start": [
17027
]
} |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | What was the case fatality rate in the 1918 Spanish Influenza epidemic? | false | 1,059 | {
"text": [
"Case-\nfatality rates were >2.5%, compared to <0.1% in other\ninfluenza pandemics"
],
"answer_start": [
1198
]
} |
1,557 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | In 2010, how many cases of tuberculosis were estimated in China? | false | 3,014 | {
"text": [
"108 per 100,000"
],
"answer_start": [
1869
]
} |
2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | What were the specimen types for 21 cases? | false | 3,833 | {
"text": [
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1,552 | One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/
SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658
Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C
Date: 2013-01-11
DOI:... | What is required for a Hepatitis B infection in cells? | false | 2,996 | {
"text": [
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1,652 | Deep sequencing of primary human lung epithelial cells challenged with H5N1 influenza virus reveals a proviral role for CEACAM1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6195505/
SHA: ef58c6e981a08c85d2c0efb80e5b32b075f660b4
Authors: Ye, Siying; Cowled, Christopher J.; Yap, Cheng-Hon; Stambas, John
Date: 2018-10-... | How many extracellular domains are in the CEAMCAM1 protein? | false | 1,944 | {
"text": [
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1,553 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | How was the ELISA assay validated? | false | 3,008 | {
"text": [
"using cultured viruses and inoculated chicken eggs with patient sera"
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1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What does the LAIV contain? | false | 1,478 | {
"text": [
"the same three or four influenza virus strains as inactivated vaccines but on an attenuated vaccine backbone"
],
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1,623 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | Where is Reunion Island located? | false | 4,090 | {
"text": [
"n the southern hemisphere between Madagascar and Mauritius in the Indian Ocean (Latitude: 21°05.2920 S Longitude: 55°36.4380 E.)"
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1,628 | Evidence for the Convergence Model: The Emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Viet Nam
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4580613/
SHA: ee5b43d20a640664510cb7a540caaae4a8e19933
Authors: Saksena, Sumeet; Fox, Jefferson; Epprecht, Michael; Tran, Chinh C.; Nong, Duong H.; Spencer, James H.;... | What is the relationship between proximity ofwater bodies to agricultural lands and spread of H5N1 like diseases? | false | 598 | {
"text": [
"Proximity to water bodies increases the risk of outbreaks [47, [50] [51] [52] , possibly by increasing the chance of contact between wild water birds and domestic poultry."
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1,652 | Deep sequencing of primary human lung epithelial cells challenged with H5N1 influenza virus reveals a proviral role for CEACAM1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6195505/
SHA: ef58c6e981a08c85d2c0efb80e5b32b075f660b4
Authors: Ye, Siying; Cowled, Christopher J.; Yap, Cheng-Hon; Stambas, John
Date: 2018-10-... | What are the most common isoforms of CEACAM1? | false | 1,947 | {
"text": [
"CEACAM1-4L and CEACAM1-3L"
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1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What does the confirmatory process aim to ensure? | false | 4,241 | {
"text": [
"the antibodies detected are able to specifically neutralize the intended virus and are not more broadly reactive to other coronaviruses found in DCs (bovine CoV, BCoV) or humans (HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, SARS-CoV)."
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1,671 | Host resilience to emerging coronaviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079962/
SHA: f7cfc37ea164f16393d7f4f3f2b32214dea1ded4
Authors: Jamieson, Amanda M
Date: 2016-07-01
DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0060
License: cc-by
Abstract: Recently, two coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus an... | Can host resilience be predicted? | false | 1,282 | {
"text": [
"A recent study looking at malaria infections in animal models and human patients demonstrated that resilient hosts can be predicted"
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1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What spurred the discovery of the new vector Ae. albopictus? | false | 2,484 | {
"text": [
"The 2005-2006 epidemic of CHIKV in La Reunion islands in the Indian Ocean,"
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1,576 | Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/
SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27
Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj... | What is the genome size of the coronavirus? | false | 3,676 | {
"text": [
"26-32 kb"
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1,578 | Inhibitory Effect and Possible Mechanism of Action of Patchouli Alcohol against Influenza A (H2N2) Virus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6264369/
SHA: f2d842780b9928cc70f38a4458553f2431877603
Authors: Wu, Huaxing; Li, Beili; Wang, Xue; Jin, Mingyuan; Wang, Guonian
Date: 2011-08-03
DOI: 10.3390/molecules... | What is the function of neuroaminidase in the influenza virus? | false | 4,072 | {
"text": [
"cleave the α-ketosidic linkage between terminal sialic acid and an adjacent sugar residue"
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"answer_start": [
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1,671 | Host resilience to emerging coronaviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079962/
SHA: f7cfc37ea164f16393d7f4f3f2b32214dea1ded4
Authors: Jamieson, Amanda M
Date: 2016-07-01
DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0060
License: cc-by
Abstract: Recently, two coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus an... | What is the role of complement 5a (C5a) in increasing host resilience to viral lung infection? | false | 1,277 | {
"text": [
"Blockade of C5a complement signaling has also been suggested as a possible option in decreasing inflammation during IAV infection"
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"answer_start": [
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1,568 | Etiology of respiratory tract infections in the community and clinic in Ilorin, Nigeria
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5719735/
SHA: f2e835d2cde5f42054dbd0c20d4060721135c518
Authors: Kolawole, Olatunji; Oguntoye, Michael; Dam, Tina; Chunara, Rumi
Date: 2017-12-07
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-3063-1
License:... | What were the most common viruses sampled from nasal swabs in Ilorin, Nigeria | false | 1,597 | {
"text": [
"Parainfluenza virus 4, respiratory syncytial virus B and enterovirus"
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"answer_start": [
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1,713 | Ebola Virus Maintenance: If Not (Only) Bats, What Else?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213544/
SHA: f16da7cf7a952fb981dfc0d77280aac9c3ab933a
Authors: Caron, Alexandre; Bourgarel, Mathieu; Cappelle, Julien; Liégeois, Florian; De Nys, Hélène M.; Roger, François
Date: 2018-10-09
DOI: 10.3390/v10100549
Li... | What animals are considered to be maintenance hosts to the Ebolavirus? | false | 5,317 | {
"text": [
"African bats"
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1,698 | Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064339/
SHA: f2cc0d63ff2c4aaa127c4caae21d8f3a0067e3d5
Authors: Brook, Cara E; Boots, Mike; Chandran, Kartik; Dobson, Andrew P; Drosten, Christian; Graham, Andrea L; Grenfell, Bryan T; ... | What is a conclusion of the study? | false | 2,749 | {
"text": [
"Regardless of mechanism (induced or constitutive), interferon-stimulated antiviral cells appear to play a key role in maintaining longer term or persistent infections by safeguarding susceptible cells from rapid infection and concomitant cell death."
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"answer_start": [
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1,698 | Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064339/
SHA: f2cc0d63ff2c4aaa127c4caae21d8f3a0067e3d5
Authors: Brook, Cara E; Boots, Mike; Chandran, Kartik; Dobson, Andrew P; Drosten, Christian; Graham, Andrea L; Grenfell, Bryan T; ... | What suite of species-specific mechanisms do bats have to limit viral load? | false | 2,723 | {
"text": [
"host receptor sequence incompatibilities for some bat-virus combinations (Ng et al., 2015; Takadate et al., 2020) and constitutive expression of the antiviral cytokine"
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2,459 | No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/
SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24
Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan
Date: 2020-02-26
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440
License: cc-by
... | What is the difference between evolution and synthetic constructs? | false | 3,614 | {
"text": [
"Evolution is stepwise and accrues mutations gradually over time, whereas synthetic constructs would typically use a known backbone and introduce logical or targeted changes instead of the randomly occurring mutations that are present in naturally isolated viruses such as bat CoV RaTG13."
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"answ... |
1,557 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | Who was excluded from the study? | false | 3,022 | {
"text": [
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1,579 | Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Adult Patients Attending Outpatient and Emergency Departments, Taiwan, 2012–2013: A PCR/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635751/
SHA: ef6361c7bffb9e92f397d7004bfb3a9c804d7c6a
Authors: Shih, Hsin-I; Wang, Hsuan-Chen; Su... | How many control samples were used in this study? | false | 4,078 | {
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1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What do the majority of human cases of MERS-CoV seem not to do? | false | 4,296 | {
"text": [
"readily transmit to more than one other human"
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2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | What topics were searched for? | false | 3,629 | {
"text": [
"randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and validation trials (for diagnostics test) published in English, that measured (a) the sensitivity and/or specificity of a rapid diagnostic test or a point-of-care testing kit, (b) the impact of drug therapy or (c) vaccine efficacy against either of these disease... |
1,551 | Demographic Variations of MERS-CoV Infection among Suspected and Confirmed Cases: An Epidemiological Analysis of Laboratory-Based Data from Riyadh Regional Laboratory
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7049846/
SHA: edee452881f826fb72c58ee68a982789b12aa99d
Authors: Altamimi, Asmaa; Abu-Saris, Raghib; El-Me... | What is the median time until death in MERS-COV? | false | 562 | {
"text": [
"median time until death is 11-13 days (range 5-27 days) among severely ill patients"
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2,634 | Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067204/
SHA: c097a8a9a543d69c34f10e5c3fd78019e560026a
Authors: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Kok, Kin-Hang; Zhu, Zheng; Chu, Hin; To, Kelv... | How was the structural analysis of orf8 done? | false | 3,711 | {
"text": [
"using PSI-blast-based secondary structure PREDiction (PSIPRED)"
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1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What is the goal of vaccine? | false | 1,648 | {
"text": [
"protect against infection and disease, while inducing population-based immunity to reduce or eliminate virus transmission within the population"
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"answer_start": [
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2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | What happened to the case who died? | false | 3,830 | {
"text": [
"was hospitalised for 21 days and required intensive care and mechanical ventilation for 19 days"
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1,623 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What used to detect pathogens? | false | 4,103 | {
"text": [
"Respifinder 1 Smart 22 kits a multiplex RT-PCR (PathoFinder, Maastricht, The Netherlands) which can detect 22 respiratory pathogens."
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"answer_start": [
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1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What is the transmission of MERS-CoV is defined as? | false | 4,289 | {
"text": [
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1,548 | The First Detection of Equine Coronavirus in Adult Horses and Foals in Ireland
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6832964/
SHA: eee5a9068ade4c6776f189045115a90a5785e983
Authors: Nemoto, Manabu; Schofield, Warren; Cullinane, Ann
Date: 2019-10-14
DOI: 10.3390/v11100946
License: cc-by
Abstract: The objective... | What is the difference between the Tokachi09 and Irish coronavirus genomic sequences? | false | 2,126 | {
"text": [
"148-nucleotide insertion"
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"answer_start": [
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1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What is the transmission of MERS-CoV is defined as? | false | 4,291 | {
"text": [
"often healthcare associated"
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46329
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} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | How does it traffic? | false | 4,506 | {
"text": [
"via the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate complex (ERGIC), also known as vesicular-tubular cluster"
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"answer_start": [
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1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What is the advantage of recombinant DNA systems? | false | 1,492 | {
"text": [
"allow ready manipulation and modification of the vector genome"
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"answer_start": [
7008
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1,686 | Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/
SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9
Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin... | Where are rRNA and ribosomes created? | false | 5,131 | {
"text": [
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2,668 | 2019-nCoV: The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool Applied to a Novel Emerging Coronavirus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7081861/
SHA: f323af9a07cc54faf9bdbabadaacb0e8b46f99a2
Authors: Koenig, Kristi L.; Beÿ, Christian K.; McDonald, Eric C.
Date: 2020-01-31
DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.1.46760
License: cc-... | Where was the second reported case of COVID in the United States? | false | 2,189 | {
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1,601 | Pandemic Influenza Due to pH1N1/2009 Virus: Estimation of Infection Burden in Reunion Island through a Prospective Serosurvey, Austral Winter 2009
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183080/
SHA: ee6d70a53e3262cea6f85bd8b226f6b4c8b5f64b
Authors: Dellagi, Koussay; Rollot, Olivier; Temmam, Sarah; Salez, Nico... | How long did the pH1N1/2009 viral outbreak last? | false | 5,261 | {
"text": [
"9 weeks"
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1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What percentage of contacts were still shedding RNA in their URT specimens? | false | 4,264 | {
"text": [
"30 %"
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1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | How safe is MVA? | false | 1,638 | {
"text": [
"MVA has undergone extensive safety testing and shown to be attenuated in severely immunocompromised animals and safe for use in children, adults, elderly, and immunocompromised persons. With extensive pre-clinical data, recombinant MVA vaccines expressing influenza antigens have been tested in clinic... |
1,553 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | What methods exist for detecting multiple antigens simultaneously in a one-sample, laboratory test? | false | 3,005 | {
"text": [
"two-dimensional gel electrophoresis , protein chip, mass spectrometry, and suspension array technology"
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"answer_start": [
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2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | What are the existing practices in detecting genetic material of viruses? | false | 3,669 | {
"text": [
"(a) reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), (b) real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR), (c) reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and (d) real-time RT-LAMP [104] ."
],
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} |
1,676 | Viruses Causing Gastroenteritis: The Known, The New and Those Beyond
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4776197/
SHA: f7b30ee89775bc82607cc6bc87feb5934b47625f
Authors: Oude Munnink, Bas B.; van der Hoek, Lia
Date: 2016-02-19
DOI: 10.3390/v8020042
License: cc-by
Abstract: The list of recently discovered ga... | What percentage of sporadic diarrhea are caused by norovirus? | false | 901 | {
"text": [
"60%"
],
"answer_start": [
2478
]
} |
1,576 | Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/
SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27
Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj... | What animals do gamma and delta coronavirus mainly infect? | false | 3,678 | {
"text": [
"birds"
],
"answer_start": [
2226
]
} |
1,588 | Prediction of lncRNA-protein interactions using HeteSim scores based on heterogeneous networks
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5473862/
SHA: f4f9ea9e0aeb74d3601ee316b84292638c59cc53
Authors: Xiao, Yun; Zhang, Jingpu; Deng, Lei
Date: 2017-06-16
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03986-1
License: cc-by
Abstract: Ma... | What kind of data is included in the STRING database? | false | 3,689 | {
"text": [
"weighted protein interactions"
],
"answer_start": [
16316
]
} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | How is the LAIV administered? | false | 1,477 | {
"text": [
"nasal spray"
],
"answer_start": [
4255
]
} |
1,645 | Pre-existing immunity against vaccine vectors – friend or foe?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3542731/
SHA: f5bdf18567bb3760e1ce05008135f0270badbd5c
Authors: Saxena, Manvendra; Van, Thi Thu Hao; Baird, Fiona J.; Coloe, Peter J.; Smooker, Peter M.
Date: 2013-01-27
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.049601-0
License: cc... | Why are E Coli and lactic acid are safe choices as delivery vectors for vaccines? | false | 805 | {
"text": [
"E. coli is a commensal and lactic acid bacteria are present in most fermented food items and are therefore naturally present in the host. They are also a much safer option than traditional attenuated vaccines in children and immunecompromised people."
],
"answer_start": [
2161
]
} |
1,665 | Mucosal Vaccination with Recombinant Lactobacillus casei-Displayed CTA1-Conjugated Consensus Matrix Protein-2 (sM2) Induces Broad Protection against Divergent Influenza Subtypes in BALB/c Mice
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3979752/
SHA: efaa556b484fbcd9cc34832ffac53ef3e834e9c0
Authors: Chowdhury, Moha... | What is the percentage decrease in influenza antibodies after 8 months after inoculation with the inactivated vaccine? | false | 5,184 | {
"text": [
"75%"
],
"answer_start": [
2609
]
} |
1,572 | iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/
SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329
Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen
Date: 2014-03-19
DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915
License: cc-by... | What can nuclear receptors regulate? | false | 1,635 | {
"text": [
"homeostasis, differentiation, embryonic development, and organ physiology"
],
"answer_start": [
2040
]
} |
1,583 | A super-spreading ewe infects hundreds with Q fever at a farmers' market in Germany
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618839/
SHA: ee1b5a9618dcc4080ed100486cedd0969e80fa4d
Authors: Porten, Klaudia; Rissland, Jürgen; Tigges, Almira; Broll, Susanne; Hopp, Wilfried; Lunemann, Mechthild; van Treeck, Ulrich; ... | How are humans typically infected with Coxiella burnetii? | false | 5,210 | {
"text": [
"inhalation of contaminated aerosols from parturient fluids, placenta or wool"
],
"answer_start": [
2913
]
} |
1,580 | Isothermal Amplification Using a Chemical Heating Device for Point-of-Care Detection of HIV-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3285652/
SHA: ef7110a9022bac2e50c995b0f6b826ff071e48f8
Authors: Curtis, Kelly A.; Rudolph, Donna L.; Nejad, Irene; Singleton, Jered; Beddoe, Andy; Weigl, Bernhard; LaBarre, Paul;... | Why have nucleic acid amplification tests been restricted to laboratory settings? | false | 4,434 | {
"text": [
"time, equipment, and technical expertise requirements"
],
"answer_start": [
581
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What is N also reported to interact with? | false | 4,501 | {
"text": [
"with actin microfilaments, and the SUMO-1 protein"
],
"answer_start": [
11219
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What is NPA? | false | 4,267 | {
"text": [
"URT sample"
],
"answer_start": [
25763
]
} |
1,618 | ‘Tiny Iceland’ preparing for Ebola in a globalized world
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6507955/
SHA: efd94d1135c5ee11c2af624b344881e079a5ce7a
Authors: Gunnlaugsson, Geir; Hauksdóttir, Íris Eva; Bygbjerg, Ib Christian; Pinkowski Tersbøl, Britt
Date: 2019-05-07
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1597451
License... | What are the prerequisites for successful emergency preparedness for an epidemic? | false | 2,184 | {
"text": [
"connectedness between health professionals, technological devices, and knowledge"
],
"answer_start": [
25212
]
} |
2,668 | 2019-nCoV: The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool Applied to a Novel Emerging Coronavirus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7081861/
SHA: f323af9a07cc54faf9bdbabadaacb0e8b46f99a2
Authors: Koenig, Kristi L.; Beÿ, Christian K.; McDonald, Eric C.
Date: 2020-01-31
DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.1.46760
License: cc-... | When was the first local transmission of COVID reported in the United States? | false | 2,190 | {
"text": [
"January 30, 2020"
],
"answer_start": [
4929
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What percentage of cases KSA has been a source of? | false | 4,217 | {
"text": [
"79 %"
],
"answer_start": [
8084
]
} |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What is estimated to drop immediately after an introduction of a non-pharmaceutical intervention? | false | 871 | {
"text": [
"number of daily infections"
],
"answer_start": [
16949
]
} |
1,623 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | How was random sampling performed? | false | 4,102 | {
"text": [
"with Excel 1 using the anonymized surveillance database of the Cire OI. The sampling frame contained identification number of swab assigned by Cire OI, laboratory identification number, sex, age, date of onset of symptoms, date of swab collection and result of influenza RT-PCR."
],
"answer_start"... |
1,590 | In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Circular Triple Helix Forming Oligonucleotide RNA towards Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Replication
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3950953/
SHA: f5ad2323eb387f6e271e2842bb2cc4a33504fde3
Authors: Choong, Oi Kuan; Mehrbod, Parvaneh; Tejo, Bimo Ario; Omar, Abdul Rahman... | What is the cause of Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)? | false | 4,051 | {
"text": [
"FIP virus (FIPV)"
],
"answer_start": [
503
]
} |
1,698 | Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064339/
SHA: f2cc0d63ff2c4aaa127c4caae21d8f3a0067e3d5
Authors: Brook, Cara E; Boots, Mike; Chandran, Kartik; Dobson, Andrew P; Drosten, Christian; Graham, Andrea L; Grenfell, Bryan T; ... | What is needed to elucidate zoonotic emergence? | false | 2,719 | {
"text": [
"A mechanistic understanding of the impact of bats’ virus hosting capacities, including uniquely constitutive immune pathways, on cellular-scale viral dynamics"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | How long after Infectious MERS-CoV added to DC, goat or cow milk and stored at 4°C could be recovered? | false | 4,282 | {
"text": [
"up to 48 h"
],
"answer_start": [
43372
]
} |
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