document_id int32 185 2.68k | context stringlengths 2.88k 70.8k | question stringlengths 11 194 | is_impossible bool 1
class | id int32 225 5.32k | answers dict |
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1,607 | A Schiff Base-Derived Copper (II) Complex Is a Potent Inducer of Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells by Activating the Intrinsic Pathway
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3967396/
SHA: f1f24521928f5d8565a15a17bd7f79239a3d4116
Authors: Hajrezaie, Maryam; Paydar, Mohammadjavad; Zorofchian Moghadamtousi, Soheil;... | What is directly related to nuclear condensation? | false | 5,282 | {
"text": [
"apoptotic chromatin changes"
],
"answer_start": [
16300
]
} |
1,557 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | Was was the sample size? | false | 3,019 | {
"text": [
"52500"
],
"answer_start": [
3532
]
} |
2,643 | Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7085188/
SHA: d013e42811c6442b184da3b9bbfd9e334031a975
Authors: Poole, Danielle N.; Escudero, Daniel J.; Gostin, Lawrence O.; Leblang, David; Talbot, Elizabeth A.
Date: 2020-03-21
DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-0... | What will maximize the effectiveness of interventions? | false | 1,931 | {
"text": [
"Crisis-affected community engagement is integral in pandemic planning,"
],
"answer_start": [
5265
]
} |
1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | What phage may be useful in allergy immunotherapy? | false | 1,743 | {
"text": [
"Phage displaying peptide ligands of an anti-IgE antibody elicited antibodies that bound purified IgE molecules"
],
"answer_start": [
13692
]
} |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | Why are Nucleic amplification tests (NAAT) usually preferred as in the case of MERS-CoV diagnosis? | false | 3,670 | {
"text": [
"it has the highest sensitivity at the earliest time point in the acute phase of infection"
],
"answer_start": [
20181
]
} |
1,550 | Nearly Complete Genome Sequence of an Echovirus 30 Strain from a Cluster of Aseptic Meningitis Cases in California, September 2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6953510/
SHA: f0c4d40e1879dd1a049298f151940ac168b5f5a7
Authors: Pan, Chao-Yang; Huynh, Thalia; Padilla, Tasha; Chen, Alice; Ng, Terry Fei Fan... | Where is the Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory located? | false | 2,992 | {
"text": [
"CDPH"
],
"answer_start": [
1499
]
} |
2,643 | Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7085188/
SHA: d013e42811c6442b184da3b9bbfd9e334031a975
Authors: Poole, Danielle N.; Escudero, Daniel J.; Gostin, Lawrence O.; Leblang, David; Talbot, Elizabeth A.
Date: 2020-03-21
DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-0... | What is an effective public health hygiene? | false | 1,921 | {
"text": [
"Respiratory hygiene i"
],
"answer_start": [
3371
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What are such exacerbations due to? | false | 3,866 | {
"text": [
"the effect of enhanced acute airway inflammation impacting upon and worsening the symptoms of the existing disease"
],
"answer_start": [
2949
]
} |
2,565 | Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 Inhibits Hantaan Virus Infection, and Its Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs12252 Influences the Severity of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5206578/
SHA: 4328e18bdf9b52875c87f3f5ddb1911636a192d2
Authors: Xu-yang, Zheng; Pei... | Which IFITM proteins have been shown to possess antiviral activity? | false | 554 | {
"text": [
"IFITM1, 2, and 3"
],
"answer_start": [
27495
]
} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What do the inactivated vaccines rely on? | false | 1,484 | {
"text": [
"specific antibody responses to the HA, and to a lesser extent NA proteins for protection."
],
"answer_start": [
5071
]
} |
1,586 | In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of 4- and 5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[1-oxo-1-(phenylamino)alkan-2-yl]benzamides against MRSA
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4321674/
SHA: f0e6cef57dbae030aea2f324e21e00945ac659cf
Authors: Zadrazilova, Iveta; Pospisilova, Sarka; Pauk, Karel; Imramovsky, Ales; Vinsova, Jarmila; ... | What was the purpose of this research? | false | 5,229 | {
"text": [
"to assess the overall in vitro bactericidal activity of nine newly synthesized diamides"
],
"answer_start": [
6207
]
} |
2,669 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | How may this "Achilles Heel" be safely targeted? | false | 4,130 | {
"text": [
"via host-oriented therapies to impose devastating informational and fitness barriers on escape mutant selection."
],
"answer_start": [
2725
]
} |
1,566 | Aetiology of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalised Children in Cyprus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720120/
SHA: efd27ff0ac04dd60838266386aaebb5df80f4fa9
Authors: Richter, Jan; Panayiotou, Christakis; Tryfonos, Christina; Koptides, Dana; Koliou, Maria; Kalogirou, Nikolas; Georgiou, Eleni... | What is the incidence of RSV in children older than 3 years of age? | false | 1,630 | {
"text": [
"13%"
],
"answer_start": [
10507
]
} |
1,686 | Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/
SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9
Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin... | What is a nucleolus? | false | 5,130 | {
"text": [
"a highly dynamic and structured membrane-less sub-nuclear compartment"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
1,623 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What seasonal differences were found? | false | 4,039 | {
"text": [
"seasonal differences, with circulation of Human Metapneumoviruses, RSV A and B and coronavirus only during summer; whereas parainfluenza viruses were identified only during winter."
],
"answer_start": [
1284
]
} |
187 | Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Lessons From Previous Epidemics
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285
February 11, 2020
David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020... | When did the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declare the 2019-nCoV epidemic as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern? | false | 250 | {
"text": [
"January 30, 2020"
],
"answer_start": [
7759
]
} |
2,592 | A mathematical model for simulating the phase-based transmissibility of a novel coronavirus
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00640-3
SHA: 018269476cd191365d6b8bed046078aea07c8c01
Authors: Yin, Tian-Mu Chen; Jia, Rui; Qiu-Peng, Wang; Ze-Yu, Zhao; Jing-An, Cui; Ling
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00640-3
License... | What did this model show? | false | 2,776 | {
"text": [
"the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 might be higher than MERS in the Middle East countries, similar to SARS, but lower than MERS in the Republic of Korea."
],
"answer_start": [
17978
]
} |
2,554 | The Extent of Transmission of Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China, 2020
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020330
SHA: 919c524f19f79213e6f81aa38502c70287d273dc
Authors: Nishiura, Hiroshi; Jung, Sung-mok; Linton, Natalie M.; Kinoshita, Ryo; Yang, Yichi; Hayashi, Katsuma; Kobayashi, Tetsuro; Yuan, Baoyin; Akhmetzhanov, Andrei ... | What percent of inbound passengers from China were from Wuhan? | false | 1,237 | {
"text": [
"2.1%"
],
"answer_start": [
3466
]
} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What is the advantage of inclusion of non-HA antigens to HA based vaccines? | false | 1,543 | {
"text": [
"to improve immunogenicity and broaden breadth of both humoral and cellular immunity"
],
"answer_start": [
12176
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What has prevented worldwide spread of MERS-COV? | false | 4,275 | {
"text": [
"the low transmission rate"
],
"answer_start": [
29995
]
} |
1,571 | Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/
SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42
Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J.
Date: 2017-09-21
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8
License: cc-by
Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea... | What is the reduction in bacterial pneumonia under the revised WHO definition of bacterial pneumonia? | false | 524 | {
"text": [
"Using the revised definition, the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pneumococcal conjugate vaccination-10), had a vaccine efficacy of 22% in preventing presumed bacterial pneumonia in young children in South America [22] , and pneumococcal conjugate vaccination-13 had a vaccine efficacy of 39... |
1,585 | Immunomodulatory Activity and Protective Effects of Polysaccharide from Eupatorium adenophorum Leaf Extract on Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza Infection
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789439/
SHA: efba2008a6ccf1ad2614aebd79a6a741ea6538b9
Authors: Jin, Yi; Zhang, Yuewei; Wan, Chunyan; Wang, Hongjun; H... | Name some medications used to treat influenza. | false | 5,219 | {
"text": [
"zanamivir (Relenza) and oseltamivir (Tamiflu)"
],
"answer_start": [
2356
]
} |
187 | Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Lessons From Previous Epidemics
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285
February 11, 2020
David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020... | What are the critical factors that determine the effect of an epidemic? | false | 249 | {
"text": [
"Transmissibility and severity"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
1,652 | Deep sequencing of primary human lung epithelial cells challenged with H5N1 influenza virus reveals a proviral role for CEACAM1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6195505/
SHA: ef58c6e981a08c85d2c0efb80e5b32b075f660b4
Authors: Ye, Siying; Cowled, Christopher J.; Yap, Cheng-Hon; Stambas, John
Date: 2018-10-... | What triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines to assist in viral clearance? | false | 1,950 | {
"text": [
"pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)"
],
"answer_start": [
26976
]
} |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | What type of virus is 2019-nCOV? | false | 3,622 | {
"text": [
"betacoronavirus"
],
"answer_start": [
3161
]
} |
1,629 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | Is Oseltamivir effective when taken intranasally? | false | 2,163 | {
"text": [
"In contrast to Oseltamivir, which needs to be activated by metabolic conversion, Zanamivir is directly applied as active drug and can also be administered intranasally"
],
"answer_start": [
8137
]
} |
2,461 | Mucosal immune responses induced by oral administration recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the COE antigen of PEDV in newborn piglets
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6418403/
SHA: 5caced13bcb8a42cca41369c5a71ae7df5381ca8
Authors: Wang, Jialu; Huang, Lulu; Mou, Chunxiao; Zhang, En; Wang, Yongheng; ... | What intestinal factors may reduce the effectiveness of orally-administered immunizations? | false | 605 | {
"text": [
"gastric acids, pepsin, and trypsin"
],
"answer_start": [
3759
]
} |
1,690 | Viruses and Evolution – Viruses First? A Personal Perspective
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433886/
SHA: f3b9fc0f8e0a431366196d3e835e1ec368b379d1
Authors: Moelling, Karin; Broecker, Felix
Date: 2019-03-19
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00523
License: cc-by
Abstract: The discovery of exoplanets within putat... | What were the earliest replicating entities that fulfill several criteria for life? | false | 1,177 | {
"text": [
"ribozymes or viroids"
],
"answer_start": [
1032
]
} |
1,571 | Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/
SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42
Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J.
Date: 2017-09-21
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8
License: cc-by
Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea... | What chest diseases and pneumonia were identified as leading causes prior to the availability of vaccines? | false | 534 | {
"text": [
"prior to availability of new conjugate vaccines confirmed S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae type B as the most important bacterial causes of pneumonia, with Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with some severe cases. Respiratory syncytial virus was the leading viral cause, identi... |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | What season or time of the year do the new strains of influenza emerge? | false | 1,089 | {
"text": [
"Historical records since the 16th century suggest that\nnew influenza pandemics may appear at any time of year,\nnot necessarily in the familiar annual winter patterns of\ninterpandemic years,"
],
"answer_start": [
9120
]
} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What is the LAIV replacement schedule? | false | 1,489 | {
"text": [
"the HA and NA antigens are replaced on the same schedule as the TIV"
],
"answer_start": [
6161
]
} |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | What is the typical age profile of mortality in Influenza diseases? | false | 1,109 | {
"text": [
"The curve of influenza deaths by age at death has histor-\nically, for at least 150 years, been U-shaped (Figure 2),\nexhibiting mortality peaks in the very young and the very\nold, with a comparatively low frequency of deaths at all\nages in between"
],
"answer_start": [
21665
]
} |
2,668 | 2019-nCoV: The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool Applied to a Novel Emerging Coronavirus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7081861/
SHA: f323af9a07cc54faf9bdbabadaacb0e8b46f99a2
Authors: Koenig, Kristi L.; Beÿ, Christian K.; McDonald, Eric C.
Date: 2020-01-31
DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.1.46760
License: cc-... | Where was the first imported case of COVID19 in the United States? | false | 2,186 | {
"text": [
"Washington"
],
"answer_start": [
4564
]
} |
1,607 | A Schiff Base-Derived Copper (II) Complex Is a Potent Inducer of Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells by Activating the Intrinsic Pathway
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3967396/
SHA: f1f24521928f5d8565a15a17bd7f79239a3d4116
Authors: Hajrezaie, Maryam; Paydar, Mohammadjavad; Zorofchian Moghadamtousi, Soheil;... | How were nuclear morphological changes in HT-29 cells measured? | false | 5,281 | {
"text": [
"detection of nuclear condensation"
],
"answer_start": [
16150
]
} |
1,740 | The human viral challenge model: accelerating the evaluation of respiratory antivirals, vaccines and novel diagnostics
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6013893/
SHA: f13c88733ea45be9e923a282dfd42f8c277c187c
Authors: Lambkin-Williams, Rob; Noulin, Nicolas; Mann, Alex; Catchpole, Andrew; Gilbert, Anthony S... | What is RSV? | false | 309 | {
"text": [
"respiratory syncytial virus"
],
"answer_start": [
3119
]
} |
1,581 | Estimating Sensitivity of Laboratory Testing for Influenza in Canada through Modelling
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2722738/
SHA: f3a5b128f4800dbbb0f49ee409acb2c0216e24dc
Authors: Schanzer, Dena L.; Garner, Michael J.; Hatchette, Todd F.; Langley, Joanne M.; Aziz, Samina; Tam, Theresa W. S.
Date: 200... | Why is laboratory confirmation of influenza infection not commonly performed? | false | 2,176 | {
"text": [
"diagnosis will often not alter patient management, a paucity of real-time, accurate, inexpensive testing methods [4] and because influenza is not recognized as the etiology of the clinical presentation"
],
"answer_start": [
1987
]
} |
2,634 | Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067204/
SHA: c097a8a9a543d69c34f10e5c3fd78019e560026a
Authors: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Kok, Kin-Hang; Zhu, Zheng; Chu, Hin; To, Kelv... | What would lessen the likelihood of jumping the barrier? | false | 3,729 | {
"text": [
"The two retained deletion sites in the Spike genes of ZXC21 and ZC45"
],
"answer_start": [
9747
]
} |
1,623 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What is the island's health care system similar to? | false | 4,091 | {
"text": [
"to mainland France and epidemiological surveillance has been developed by the regional office of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Cire OI), based on the surveillance system of mainland France"
],
"answer_start": [
2579
]
} |
1,572 | iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/
SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329
Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen
Date: 2014-03-19
DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915
License: cc-by... | Where were the data collected for this study? | false | 3,266 | {
"text": [
"KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)"
],
"answer_start": [
6509
]
} |
776 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | for the 2009 influenza pandemic, what were the case fatality rates? | false | 300 | {
"text": [
"that most cases of H1N1 influenza A virus infections were mild, the symptomatic case fatality rate was only 0.005% in New Zealand (16) ; and in New York City, the case fatality rate was 0.0094-0.0147% for persons ≥65 years old, and for those of 0-17 years old, the case fatality rate was 0.0008-0.0012... |
1,698 | Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064339/
SHA: f2cc0d63ff2c4aaa127c4caae21d8f3a0067e3d5
Authors: Brook, Cara E; Boots, Mike; Chandran, Kartik; Dobson, Andrew P; Drosten, Christian; Graham, Andrea L; Grenfell, Bryan T; ... | Which cells express constitutive IFN-a? | false | 2,738 | {
"text": [
"PaKiT01 (Pteropus alecto) cell"
],
"answer_start": [
9718
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | Precisely how does the virus transmit to humans? | false | 4,179 | {
"text": [
"remains unknown"
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2,620 | Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020388
SHA: bf20dda99538a594eafc258553634fd9195104cb
Authors: Zhao, Shi; Musa, Salihu S.; Lin, Qianying; Ran, Jinjun; ... | Where and when was 2019-nCOV first identified? | false | 1,882 | {
"text": [
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1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | Typically how long do the hamsters die post-inoculation? | false | 4,565 | {
"text": [
"11 and 14-d"
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1,698 | Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064339/
SHA: f2cc0d63ff2c4aaa127c4caae21d8f3a0067e3d5
Authors: Brook, Cara E; Boots, Mike; Chandran, Kartik; Dobson, Andrew P; Drosten, Christian; Graham, Andrea L; Grenfell, Bryan T; ... | What was the methodology for this study? | false | 2,746 | {
"text": [
"we first developed a novel, within-host, theoretical model elucidating the effects of unique bat immunity, then undertook bifurcation analysis of the model's equilibrium properties under immune absent, induced, and constitutive assumptions. We considered a cell line to be constitutively immune if pos... |
2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | How many were male? | false | 3,797 | {
"text": [
"25"
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2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What is a well known approach to model the true number of infected individuals? | false | 1,104 | {
"text": [
"discrete renewal process"
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"answer_start": [
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} |
1,623 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | Which two seasons were identified for trends in virus circulation?? | false | 4,106 | {
"text": [
"winter season during weeks 23 to 39 between June and September and summer season during the rest of the year."
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | How many serotypes of adenovirus are there? | false | 1,497 | {
"text": [
"53"
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} |
2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | How many cases had no pre-existing conditions? | false | 3,824 | {
"text": [
"five"
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} |
1,676 | Viruses Causing Gastroenteritis: The Known, The New and Those Beyond
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4776197/
SHA: f7b30ee89775bc82607cc6bc87feb5934b47625f
Authors: Oude Munnink, Bas B.; van der Hoek, Lia
Date: 2016-02-19
DOI: 10.3390/v8020042
License: cc-by
Abstract: The list of recently discovered ga... | What is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children? | false | 902 | {
"text": [
"Rotavirus"
],
"answer_start": [
3651
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} |
1,572 | iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/
SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329
Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen
Date: 2014-03-19
DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915
License: cc-by... | What are nuclear receptors (NRs)? | false | 3,259 | {
"text": [
"class of ligand-inducible transcription factors"
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"answer_start": [
1939
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} |
1,661 | Neutralization Interfering Antibodies: A “Novel” Example of Humoral Immune Dysfunction Facilitating Viral Escape?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499828/
SHA: f4f75af02b7226c5b2363de1a75821a4b9b20412
Authors: Nicasio, Mancini; Sautto, Giuseppe; Clementi, Nicola; Diotti, Roberta A.; Criscuolo, Elena; Ca... | What are the non-structural proteins encoded by the HCV genome? | false | 5,166 | {
"text": [
"p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,440 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | How does the proposed FPASSA start? | false | 4,432 | {
"text": [
"by receiving the historical COVID-19 dataset."
],
"answer_start": [
7100
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} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | How is CHIKV propagated to humans? | false | 2,476 | {
"text": [
"primarily by Aedes aegypti, the infamous yellow fever propagator"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,550 | Nearly Complete Genome Sequence of an Echovirus 30 Strain from a Cluster of Aseptic Meningitis Cases in California, September 2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6953510/
SHA: f0c4d40e1879dd1a049298f151940ac168b5f5a7
Authors: Pan, Chao-Yang; Huynh, Thalia; Padilla, Tasha; Chen, Alice; Ng, Terry Fei Fan... | What is the structure of an Echovirus? | false | 2,988 | {
"text": [
"nonenveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA"
],
"answer_start": [
796
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} |
2,634 | Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067204/
SHA: c097a8a9a543d69c34f10e5c3fd78019e560026a
Authors: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Kok, Kin-Hang; Zhu, Zheng; Chu, Hin; To, Kelv... | How are 2019-nCOV and SARS-COV similar? | false | 3,715 | {
"text": [
"There are no remarkable differences between the orfs and nsps"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,651 | Note from the editors: novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6988271/
SHA: d958168df85240e544a918d843a14e887dc41d2b
Authors: nan
Date: 2020-01-23
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.3.2001231
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: The situation has continued to evolve rapidly since t... | What genes have been targeted for the diagnostic RT-PCR tests in 2019-nCoV? | false | 531 | {
"text": [
"E and RdRp genes"
],
"answer_start": [
1501
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} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | How is the split virus inactivated? | false | 1,254 | {
"text": [
"the virus is disrupted by a detergent"
],
"answer_start": [
3009
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} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What do authors consider in this study? | false | 4,450 | {
"text": [
"the features that influence the structure of host population dynamics that may lead to viral outbreaks"
],
"answer_start": [
1282
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} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What is the character of he resulting leakage? | false | 4,543 | {
"text": [
"is exudative in character, with chemical composition high in protein and resembling plasma."
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,687 | Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/
SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d... | What method can significantly alleviate the emergence of drug-resistant variants in RNA viral infections? | false | 5,157 | {
"text": [
"Combination therapy"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,526 | Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029449/
SHA: 90de2d957e1960b948b8c38c9877f9eca983f9eb
Authors: Cowling, Benjamin J; Leung, Gabriel M
Date: 2020-02-13
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020... | For whom would the infections be more severe? | false | 2,987 | {
"text": [
"older adults, obese individuals or those with underlying medical conditions,"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What animal adenoviruses have been shown to induce immunity comparable to rdA5-HA? | false | 1,551 | {
"text": [
"Swine, NHP and bovine adenoviruses expressing H5 HA antigens"
],
"answer_start": [
12932
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} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What is the finding on E1-A226V in Indian Ocean? | false | 2,514 | {
"text": [
"mutation was not present at the beginning of the Indian Ocean Islands outbreak (before September 2005). However, more than 90% of later viral strains found there had incorporated the mutation (December-March 2006), indicating a genotype switch during the winter season"
],
"answer_start": [
84... |
1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | On what does the antibody response to phage depend on? | false | 1,753 | {
"text": [
"MyD88 signaling and is modulated by stimulation of several Toll-like receptors (Hashiguchi et al., 2010) , indicating that innate immunity plays an important"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,666 | Nanopore sequencing as a revolutionary diagnostic tool for porcine viral enteric disease complexes identifies porcine kobuvirus as an important enteric virus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6026206/
SHA: eff8bed68ef6109e8f0c51a8b1ec4b6ca5b6329e
Authors: Theuns, Sebastiaan; Vanmechelen, Bert; Bernaert, Q... | Which q-score reads were eliminated from the analysis? | false | 5,289 | {
"text": [
"lower than 7"
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1,573 | Epidemiology of HBoV1 infection and relationship with meteorological conditions in hospitalized pediatric patients with acute respiratory illness: a 7-year study in a subtropical region
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6048719/
SHA: f2f78c95ab378a31bd35dc1de84e0ec75eb7ce1b
Authors: Liu, Wen-Kuan; Liu, Qi... | What was the male to female ratio for this study? | false | 3,273 | {
"text": [
"1.82:1"
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"answer_start": [
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2,652 | The Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Exerts Antihantaviral Effects by Acting as Positive Feedback for RIG-I Signaling
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5391460/
SHA: d18636f47e3c7dd93da309d556ba464d964fd24f
Authors: Ma, Hongwei; Han, Peijun; Ye, Wei; Chen, Hesong; Zheng, Xuyang; Cheng, Linfeng; Zhang, Liang; Yu, ... | What was the major contribution of this study? | false | 5,313 | {
"text": [
"the first study to describe the role of NEAT1 in HTNV infection"
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"answer_start": [
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} |
1,698 | Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064339/
SHA: f2cc0d63ff2c4aaa127c4caae21d8f3a0067e3d5
Authors: Brook, Cara E; Boots, Mike; Chandran, Kartik; Dobson, Andrew P; Drosten, Christian; Graham, Andrea L; Grenfell, Bryan T; ... | What supports the results? | false | 2,743 | {
"text": [
"by both data-independent bifurcation analysis of our mean field theoretical model, as well as fitting of this model to viral infection time series established in bat cell culture."
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,591 | Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941262/
SHA: f5ae3f66face323615df39d838e056ab5fcc98df
Authors: Kamau, Everlyn; Oketch, John W.; de Laurent, Zaydah R.; Phan, My V. T.; Agoti, Charles N.; Nokes, D. Ja... | How large is the HMPV genome? | false | 4,063 | {
"text": [
"13 kb"
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"answer_start": [
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} |
641 | RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/
Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro
2013-02-06
DOI:10.3390/ph6020223
License:cc-by
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions... | What structures form the human airway? | false | 1,619 | {
"text": [
"respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | How is the reproducibility of real time PCR? | false | 3,641 | {
"text": [
"has a good reproducibility with the inter-assay coefficients of variation of 1.73 to 2.72%."
],
"answer_start": [
10052
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1,570 | Identification and characterisation of the CD40-ligand of Sigmodon hispidus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063397/
SHA: edf2997357501734a93c1b7e16d44e86a7d20853
Authors: Russell, Marsha S.; Muralidharan, Abenaya; Larocque, Louise; Cao, Jingxin; Deschambault, Yvon; Varga, Jessie; Thulasi Raman, Sathya ... | What is the effect of CD40L on B Cells? | false | 1,634 | {
"text": [
"it promotes germinal center formation, immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype switching, somatic hypermutation to enhance antigen affinity, and lastly, the formation of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,643 | Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7085188/
SHA: d013e42811c6442b184da3b9bbfd9e334031a975
Authors: Poole, Danielle N.; Escudero, Daniel J.; Gostin, Lawrence O.; Leblang, David; Talbot, Elizabeth A.
Date: 2020-03-21
DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-0... | What has increased hand washing? | false | 1,923 | {
"text": [
"the distribution of soap to households in humanitarian settings has been shown to increase handwashing by over 30%"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,555 | Backcalculating the Incidence of Infection with COVID-19 on the Diamond Princess
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030657
SHA: 0938d2fb07611897abf38cea727ddbeea77b73d9
Authors: Nishiura, Hiroshi
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030657
License: cc-by
Abstract: To understand the time-dependent risk of infection on a cruise ship... | How many COVID-19 cases were confirmed on the Diamond Princess cruise ship? | false | 1,187 | {
"text": [
"199"
],
"answer_start": [
451
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} |
2,519 | Detectable 2019-nCoV viral RNA in blood is a strong indicator for the further clinical severity
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054964/
SHA: 77b0c98d1a2ca46b219ad090074814c387c80d8f
Authors: Chen, Weilie; Lan, Yun; Yuan, Xiaozhen; Deng, Xilong; Li, Yueping; Cai, Xiaoli; Li, Liya; He, Ruiying; Tan, Yizh... | What is the relationship between the presence of virus in blood and anal swabs and disease severity? | false | 1,160 | {
"text": [
"all of the 6 patients with detectable viral RNA in the blood cohort progressed to severe symptom stage, indicating a strong correlation of serum viral RNA with the disease severity (p-value = 0.0001). Meanwhile, 8 of the 11 patients with annal swab virus-positive was in severe clinical stage."
],
... |
1,572 | iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/
SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329
Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen
Date: 2014-03-19
DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915
License: cc-by... | What is a prerequisite to make a molecular docking study feasible? | false | 3,262 | {
"text": [
"a reliable 3D (three dimensional) structure of the target protein"
],
"answer_start": [
3102
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} |
2,592 | A mathematical model for simulating the phase-based transmissibility of a novel coronavirus
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00640-3
SHA: 018269476cd191365d6b8bed046078aea07c8c01
Authors: Yin, Tian-Mu Chen; Jia, Rui; Qiu-Peng, Wang; Ze-Yu, Zhao; Jing-An, Cui; Ling
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00640-3
License... | What method is developed in this study? | false | 2,754 | {
"text": [
"a Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People transmission network model for simulating the potential transmission from the infection source (probably be bats) to the human infection."
],
"answer_start": [
840
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What do the necroptotic factors such as RIP3 do? | false | 3,983 | {
"text": [
"further compounds the cell deaths in IFV infected epithelium . The massive cell death induced may result in worsening of the acute exacerbation due to the release of their cellular content into the airway, further evoking an inflammatory response in the airway"
],
"answer_start": [
20610
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... |
1,562 | New Isoxazolidine-Conjugates of Quinazolinones—Synthesis, Antiviral and Cytostatic Activity
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6273226/
SHA: eefddcf51f8426ecaa9e3ace144dadfb34a74cf5
Authors: Piotrowska, Dorota G.; Andrei, Graciela; Schols, Dominique; Snoeck, Robert; Grabkowska-Drużyc, Magdalena
Date: 2016-... | Compounds from what framework have shown promising anticancer and antiviral properties? | false | 3,039 | {
"text": [
"quinazolin-4-one"
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"answer_start": [
2259
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} |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | Where was the first validated diagnostic test designed? | false | 3,671 | {
"text": [
"in Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,688 | Health care workers indicate ill preparedness for Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in Ashanti Region of Ghana
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5461762/
SHA: f8efe7295a7cf875c8a695df3e87a42e651ce60d
Authors: Annan, Augustina Angelina; Yar, Denis Dekugmen; Owusu, Michael; Biney, Eno Akua; Forson, Paa Kobina; O... | How many healthcare workers would be willing to continue working during the Ebola virus outbreak? | false | 4,253 | {
"text": [
"less than 50%"
],
"answer_start": [
16830
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} |
2,526 | Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029449/
SHA: 90de2d957e1960b948b8c38c9877f9eca983f9eb
Authors: Cowling, Benjamin J; Leung, Gabriel M
Date: 2020-02-13
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020... | What is the estimate of the basic reproduction number? | false | 2,968 | {
"text": [
"2.2"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
1,671 | Host resilience to emerging coronaviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079962/
SHA: f7cfc37ea164f16393d7f4f3f2b32214dea1ded4
Authors: Jamieson, Amanda M
Date: 2016-07-01
DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0060
License: cc-by
Abstract: Recently, two coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus an... | How many people did SARS-CoV infect? | false | 1,253 | {
"text": [
"8000"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,623 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What does the study show? | false | 4,041 | {
"text": [
"that ILI are not only attributable to influenza and underlines the need for biological surveillance. As the use of multiplex RT-PCR showed its efficacy, it is now used routinely in the surveillance of ILI."
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,686 | Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/
SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9
Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin... | Which isotope labeled arginine? | false | 5,138 | {
"text": [
"light (R0K0)"
],
"answer_start": [
9657
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} |
1,686 | Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/
SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9
Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin... | What cellular processes occur in the nucleolus? | false | 5,133 | {
"text": [
"RNA-polymerase-I-directed rDNA transcription, rRNA processing mediated by small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (soRNPs) and ribosome assembly"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What can viral infection result in? | false | 4,023 | {
"text": [
"enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the airway epithelium"
],
"answer_start": [
32081
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What does the microscopic examination of the lung reveal, as with human HCPS? | false | 4,566 | {
"text": [
"abundant fibrin deposition, thickened alveolar septa, and viral antigen expressed abundantly in the microvascular endothelium."
],
"answer_start": [
20844
]
} |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | What are the results on seroconversion? | false | 3,650 | {
"text": [
"Seroconversion measured by S1-ELISA occurred in 86% and 94% participants after 2 and 3 doses, respectively, and was maintained in 79% participants up to study end at week 60."
],
"answer_start": [
13335
]
} |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What is the estimated infection-to-death distribution's mean for coronavirus? | false | 1,103 | {
"text": [
"23.9 days"
],
"answer_start": [
37820
]
} |
2,643 | Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7085188/
SHA: d013e42811c6442b184da3b9bbfd9e334031a975
Authors: Poole, Danielle N.; Escudero, Daniel J.; Gostin, Lawrence O.; Leblang, David; Talbot, Elizabeth A.
Date: 2020-03-21
DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-0... | What confers a high risk of gender based violence? | false | 1,929 | {
"text": [
"latrines in crisis settings are often shared and distant from residential shelters,"
],
"answer_start": [
4657
]
} |
1,690 | Viruses and Evolution – Viruses First? A Personal Perspective
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433886/
SHA: f3b9fc0f8e0a431366196d3e835e1ec368b379d1
Authors: Moelling, Karin; Broecker, Felix
Date: 2019-03-19
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00523
License: cc-by
Abstract: The discovery of exoplanets within putat... | Does RNA replication need polymerase enzymes? | false | 1,182 | {
"text": [
"Replication of RNA molecules can be performed chemically from RNA without polymerase enzymes."
],
"answer_start": [
3512
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What is the effect of chronic airway inflammatory disease in patients? | false | 3,966 | {
"text": [
"viral infections or their components persist in patients"
],
"answer_start": [
16152
]
} |
1,567 | Bioinformatics analysis of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus genome
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3377956/
SHA: eff26d8739498efca2d32fe2e66cdbebf0569c50
Authors: Tian, Xiao-ting; Li, Bao-yu; Zhang, Liang; Jiao, Wen-qiang; Liu, Ji-xing
Date: 2011-11-01
DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-494
License: cc-by
Abstr... | What factor may influence viral replication and gene expression? | false | 567 | {
"text": [
"the average codon usage frequencies in the host genome"
],
"answer_start": [
2812
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What is complied by the authors? | false | 3,879 | {
"text": [
"how viral induced changes to the upper airway may contribute to chronic airway inflammatory disease exacerbations, to provide a unified elucidation of the potential exacerbation mechanisms initiated from predominantly upper airway infections."
],
"answer_start": [
5756
]
} |
1,652 | Deep sequencing of primary human lung epithelial cells challenged with H5N1 influenza virus reveals a proviral role for CEACAM1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6195505/
SHA: ef58c6e981a08c85d2c0efb80e5b32b075f660b4
Authors: Ye, Siying; Cowled, Christopher J.; Yap, Cheng-Hon; Stambas, John
Date: 2018-10-... | How do CEACAM1 and CEACAM5 interact? | false | 1,948 | {
"text": [
"heterophilically"
],
"answer_start": [
6940
]
} |
1,594 | Gemcitabine and Nucleos(t)ide Synthesis Inhibitors Are Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs that Activate Innate Immunity
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5923505/
SHA: f1e1e2511e051195c8327a56d5c311a2dd4ab6b3
Authors: Shin, Hye Jin; Kim, Chonsaeng; Cho, Sungchan
Date: 2018-04-20
DOI: 10.3390/v10040211
License... | Why are nucleosides analogs used for chemotheraphy? | false | 5,232 | {
"text": [
"they inhibit cellular DNA/RNA polymerases"
],
"answer_start": [
1328
]
} |
1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | What does the term "phage displayed library" refer to? | false | 1,737 | {
"text": [
"a diverse pool of recombinant filamentous phage displaying an array of polypeptide variants (e.g., antibody fragments; peptides)"
],
"answer_start": [
8797
]
} |
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