texts stringlengths 40 104k | questions stringlengths 3 63 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|
State Route 165 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah. Spanning 10.7 miles (17.2 km) in Cache County, it connects the towns of Paradise, Hyrum, and Nibley with the city of Logan to the north.
Route description
The route's southern end is in the town of Paradise in the southeast corner of the Cache Valley. Starting in the center of the town at the intersection of Bridger Boulevard and 9100 South, the route travels west for two blocks before turning north along 200 West. The route leaves Paradise, continuing in a northerly direction along the eastern part of the valley, passing through the city of Hyrum as 800 West, through the city of Nibley as Nibley Road, before merging with US-89/US-91 as Main Street just south of the center of Logan, the county seat and largest city in Cache County.
History
The road from Avon through Paradise to Hyrum, was added to the state highway system in 1933 as State Route 163. In 1965, State Route 162 was extended north from Liberty to Avon, ending at the southern terminus of SR-163. SR-162 absorbed SR-163 the following year, in order to maintain continuity in the state highway system. In 1969, SR-162's northern end was moved back south to Liberty. In the process, the road from Liberty to Paradise was removed from the state highway system, and the road from Paradise to Hyrum was re-designated as part of State Route 165, along with added roadway from Hyrum to Logan. The route has remained unchanged since.
Major intersections
The entire route is in Cache County.
== References == | road number | {
"answer_start": [
12
],
"text": [
"165"
]
} |
State Route 165 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah. Spanning 10.7 miles (17.2 km) in Cache County, it connects the towns of Paradise, Hyrum, and Nibley with the city of Logan to the north.
Route description
The route's southern end is in the town of Paradise in the southeast corner of the Cache Valley. Starting in the center of the town at the intersection of Bridger Boulevard and 9100 South, the route travels west for two blocks before turning north along 200 West. The route leaves Paradise, continuing in a northerly direction along the eastern part of the valley, passing through the city of Hyrum as 800 West, through the city of Nibley as Nibley Road, before merging with US-89/US-91 as Main Street just south of the center of Logan, the county seat and largest city in Cache County.
History
The road from Avon through Paradise to Hyrum, was added to the state highway system in 1933 as State Route 163. In 1965, State Route 162 was extended north from Liberty to Avon, ending at the southern terminus of SR-163. SR-162 absorbed SR-163 the following year, in order to maintain continuity in the state highway system. In 1969, SR-162's northern end was moved back south to Liberty. In the process, the road from Liberty to Paradise was removed from the state highway system, and the road from Paradise to Hyrum was re-designated as part of State Route 165, along with added roadway from Hyrum to Logan. The route has remained unchanged since.
Major intersections
The entire route is in Cache County.
== References == | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"state highway"
]
} |
State Route 165 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah. Spanning 10.7 miles (17.2 km) in Cache County, it connects the towns of Paradise, Hyrum, and Nibley with the city of Logan to the north.
Route description
The route's southern end is in the town of Paradise in the southeast corner of the Cache Valley. Starting in the center of the town at the intersection of Bridger Boulevard and 9100 South, the route travels west for two blocks before turning north along 200 West. The route leaves Paradise, continuing in a northerly direction along the eastern part of the valley, passing through the city of Hyrum as 800 West, through the city of Nibley as Nibley Road, before merging with US-89/US-91 as Main Street just south of the center of Logan, the county seat and largest city in Cache County.
History
The road from Avon through Paradise to Hyrum, was added to the state highway system in 1933 as State Route 163. In 1965, State Route 162 was extended north from Liberty to Avon, ending at the southern terminus of SR-163. SR-162 absorbed SR-163 the following year, in order to maintain continuity in the state highway system. In 1969, SR-162's northern end was moved back south to Liberty. In the process, the road from Liberty to Paradise was removed from the state highway system, and the road from Paradise to Hyrum was re-designated as part of State Route 165, along with added roadway from Hyrum to Logan. The route has remained unchanged since.
Major intersections
The entire route is in Cache County.
== References == | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
95
],
"text": [
"Cache County"
]
} |
State Route 165 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah. Spanning 10.7 miles (17.2 km) in Cache County, it connects the towns of Paradise, Hyrum, and Nibley with the city of Logan to the north.
Route description
The route's southern end is in the town of Paradise in the southeast corner of the Cache Valley. Starting in the center of the town at the intersection of Bridger Boulevard and 9100 South, the route travels west for two blocks before turning north along 200 West. The route leaves Paradise, continuing in a northerly direction along the eastern part of the valley, passing through the city of Hyrum as 800 West, through the city of Nibley as Nibley Road, before merging with US-89/US-91 as Main Street just south of the center of Logan, the county seat and largest city in Cache County.
History
The road from Avon through Paradise to Hyrum, was added to the state highway system in 1933 as State Route 163. In 1965, State Route 162 was extended north from Liberty to Avon, ending at the southern terminus of SR-163. SR-162 absorbed SR-163 the following year, in order to maintain continuity in the state highway system. In 1969, SR-162's northern end was moved back south to Liberty. In the process, the road from Liberty to Paradise was removed from the state highway system, and the road from Paradise to Hyrum was re-designated as part of State Route 165, along with added roadway from Hyrum to Logan. The route has remained unchanged since.
Major intersections
The entire route is in Cache County.
== References == | terminus location | {
"answer_start": [
144
],
"text": [
"Hyrum"
]
} |
State Route 165 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah. Spanning 10.7 miles (17.2 km) in Cache County, it connects the towns of Paradise, Hyrum, and Nibley with the city of Logan to the north.
Route description
The route's southern end is in the town of Paradise in the southeast corner of the Cache Valley. Starting in the center of the town at the intersection of Bridger Boulevard and 9100 South, the route travels west for two blocks before turning north along 200 West. The route leaves Paradise, continuing in a northerly direction along the eastern part of the valley, passing through the city of Hyrum as 800 West, through the city of Nibley as Nibley Road, before merging with US-89/US-91 as Main Street just south of the center of Logan, the county seat and largest city in Cache County.
History
The road from Avon through Paradise to Hyrum, was added to the state highway system in 1933 as State Route 163. In 1965, State Route 162 was extended north from Liberty to Avon, ending at the southern terminus of SR-163. SR-162 absorbed SR-163 the following year, in order to maintain continuity in the state highway system. In 1969, SR-162's northern end was moved back south to Liberty. In the process, the road from Liberty to Paradise was removed from the state highway system, and the road from Paradise to Hyrum was re-designated as part of State Route 165, along with added roadway from Hyrum to Logan. The route has remained unchanged since.
Major intersections
The entire route is in Cache County.
== References == | length | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
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Cociuba may refer to several places in Romania:
Cociuba, a village in Dieci Commune, Arad County
Cociuba Mare, a commune in Bihor County
Cociuba Mică, a village in Pietroasa Commune, Bihor County | country | {
"answer_start": [
39
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"text": [
"Romania"
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} |
Cociuba may refer to several places in Romania:
Cociuba, a village in Dieci Commune, Arad County
Cociuba Mare, a commune in Bihor County
Cociuba Mică, a village in Pietroasa Commune, Bihor County | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"village"
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} |
Cociuba may refer to several places in Romania:
Cociuba, a village in Dieci Commune, Arad County
Cociuba Mare, a commune in Bihor County
Cociuba Mică, a village in Pietroasa Commune, Bihor County | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
71
],
"text": [
"Dieci"
]
} |
Cociuba may refer to several places in Romania:
Cociuba, a village in Dieci Commune, Arad County
Cociuba Mare, a commune in Bihor County
Cociuba Mică, a village in Pietroasa Commune, Bihor County | native label | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Cociuba"
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} |
Cociuba may refer to several places in Romania:
Cociuba, a village in Dieci Commune, Arad County
Cociuba Mare, a commune in Bihor County
Cociuba Mică, a village in Pietroasa Commune, Bihor County | different from | {
"answer_start": [
0
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"text": [
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Körmenlik is a village in Çamlıyayla district of Mersin Province, Turkey. It a situated in the Taurus Mountains. Its distance to Çamlıyayla is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) . The population of Körmenliks 312 as of 2012.
References
External links
For images | country | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"Turkey"
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} |
Körmenlik is a village in Çamlıyayla district of Mersin Province, Turkey. It a situated in the Taurus Mountains. Its distance to Çamlıyayla is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) . The population of Körmenliks 312 as of 2012.
References
External links
For images | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"Çamlıyayla"
]
} |
Neottia cordata, the lesser twayblade or heartleaf twayblade, is an orchid of upland bogs and mires that rarely exceeds 15 cm (5.9 in) in height. It was formerly placed in the genus Listera, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Neottia nidus-avis, the bird's-nest orchid, evolved within the same group.It is never very common but may be frequently overlooked because of its small size and a tendency to grow underneath heather on sphagnum moss. The single erect flower-stem is often tinged red and is clasped near the base by a pair or ovate-orbicular glossy green leaves. The small flowers which look deceptively simple in structure for an orchid, are purple-green in colour with a somewhat swollen calyx.
Description
Plant: to 25cm tall elsewhere but usually not much more than 10cm in this area; two hear-shaped opposite leaves midway on the stem; up to 30 flowers.
Roots: 10 to 15 stringlike roots about 5cm long from base of swollen stem.
Leaves: cordate, about 2 ⨉ 2cm.
Floral bracts: tiny, 1mm long.
Flower: green (green to reddish elsewhere), perianth star-shaped, with protruding forked lip, about 5mm wide ⨉ 8mm long.
Sepals: green; dorsal sepal elliptical, slightly cupped, 2 ⨉ 1.3mm; lateral sepals lanceolate, 2 ⨉ 1mm.
Petals: green, broadly elliptical, 2 ⨉ 1.5mm.
Lip: green, linear over first half, ,deeply forked for lower half, 2mm wide ⨉ 4mm long, two hornlike appendages near column.
Column: short, stubby, with yellow granular pollinia in linear bundles.
Capsule: nearly spherical.
Taxonomy
Listera cordata was first described by Carolus Linnaeus in 1753, as Ophrys cordata. In 1813, Robert Brown identified O. cordata and O. ovata as members of a separate genus, Listera. Distomaea cordata (Linnaeus) Spenner was superseded by Bifolium cordatum (Linnaeus) Nieuwland.
Distribution
It has a circumpolar distribution being found in Europe, Asia and large parts of North America. In the United Kingdom its distribution is largely western and northern, becoming most common in the western Highlands of Scotland, Snowdonia in Wales, and the Lake District in England. (Codes)
Habitat
Listera cordata occurs in two apparently rather different habitats. On raw humus in damp to moist woodland, with a preference for spruce forest, in open wet heather moorland and in Sphagnum bogs. However, the two habitats may not really be so different, since the soil is usually acid in both habitats and the small plants in the open localities usually grow in the shelter of comparatively tall heather on north-facing slopes or in the wet Sphagnum of raised bogs.
Also grows in slightly to fairly damp places in pine, fir, and aspen forest at elevations between 9,000 and 10,300 feet (2,740 and 3,150 meters). It grows on flat to gently sloping terrain, usually in moderate to light shade. Often it grows in open forest in a habitat similar to that of Calypso bulbosa or Goodyera repens. The habitat appears slightly damper because of the relative abundance of herbaceous growth and perhaps the presence of slightly more mosses on the forest floor. Greater concentrations of plants accumulate near the edges of streams, seeps, and boggy areas. In these habitats, L. Cordata roots in mosses or damp duff.
Ecology
The flowers produce nectar and are pollinated principally by fungus gnats in the groups Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae.Mycorrhizal partners are almost exclusively fungi in the Sebacinales clade Serendipitaceae. There may also be some association with Ceratobasidiaceae and/or Tulasnellaceae.
See also
Listera ovata
References
External links
Media related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikispecies
"Neottia cordata" at the Encyclopedia of Life | taxon rank | {
"answer_start": [
3705
],
"text": [
"species"
]
} |
Neottia cordata, the lesser twayblade or heartleaf twayblade, is an orchid of upland bogs and mires that rarely exceeds 15 cm (5.9 in) in height. It was formerly placed in the genus Listera, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Neottia nidus-avis, the bird's-nest orchid, evolved within the same group.It is never very common but may be frequently overlooked because of its small size and a tendency to grow underneath heather on sphagnum moss. The single erect flower-stem is often tinged red and is clasped near the base by a pair or ovate-orbicular glossy green leaves. The small flowers which look deceptively simple in structure for an orchid, are purple-green in colour with a somewhat swollen calyx.
Description
Plant: to 25cm tall elsewhere but usually not much more than 10cm in this area; two hear-shaped opposite leaves midway on the stem; up to 30 flowers.
Roots: 10 to 15 stringlike roots about 5cm long from base of swollen stem.
Leaves: cordate, about 2 ⨉ 2cm.
Floral bracts: tiny, 1mm long.
Flower: green (green to reddish elsewhere), perianth star-shaped, with protruding forked lip, about 5mm wide ⨉ 8mm long.
Sepals: green; dorsal sepal elliptical, slightly cupped, 2 ⨉ 1.3mm; lateral sepals lanceolate, 2 ⨉ 1mm.
Petals: green, broadly elliptical, 2 ⨉ 1.5mm.
Lip: green, linear over first half, ,deeply forked for lower half, 2mm wide ⨉ 4mm long, two hornlike appendages near column.
Column: short, stubby, with yellow granular pollinia in linear bundles.
Capsule: nearly spherical.
Taxonomy
Listera cordata was first described by Carolus Linnaeus in 1753, as Ophrys cordata. In 1813, Robert Brown identified O. cordata and O. ovata as members of a separate genus, Listera. Distomaea cordata (Linnaeus) Spenner was superseded by Bifolium cordatum (Linnaeus) Nieuwland.
Distribution
It has a circumpolar distribution being found in Europe, Asia and large parts of North America. In the United Kingdom its distribution is largely western and northern, becoming most common in the western Highlands of Scotland, Snowdonia in Wales, and the Lake District in England. (Codes)
Habitat
Listera cordata occurs in two apparently rather different habitats. On raw humus in damp to moist woodland, with a preference for spruce forest, in open wet heather moorland and in Sphagnum bogs. However, the two habitats may not really be so different, since the soil is usually acid in both habitats and the small plants in the open localities usually grow in the shelter of comparatively tall heather on north-facing slopes or in the wet Sphagnum of raised bogs.
Also grows in slightly to fairly damp places in pine, fir, and aspen forest at elevations between 9,000 and 10,300 feet (2,740 and 3,150 meters). It grows on flat to gently sloping terrain, usually in moderate to light shade. Often it grows in open forest in a habitat similar to that of Calypso bulbosa or Goodyera repens. The habitat appears slightly damper because of the relative abundance of herbaceous growth and perhaps the presence of slightly more mosses on the forest floor. Greater concentrations of plants accumulate near the edges of streams, seeps, and boggy areas. In these habitats, L. Cordata roots in mosses or damp duff.
Ecology
The flowers produce nectar and are pollinated principally by fungus gnats in the groups Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae.Mycorrhizal partners are almost exclusively fungi in the Sebacinales clade Serendipitaceae. There may also be some association with Ceratobasidiaceae and/or Tulasnellaceae.
See also
Listera ovata
References
External links
Media related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikispecies
"Neottia cordata" at the Encyclopedia of Life | parent taxon | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Neottia"
]
} |
Neottia cordata, the lesser twayblade or heartleaf twayblade, is an orchid of upland bogs and mires that rarely exceeds 15 cm (5.9 in) in height. It was formerly placed in the genus Listera, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Neottia nidus-avis, the bird's-nest orchid, evolved within the same group.It is never very common but may be frequently overlooked because of its small size and a tendency to grow underneath heather on sphagnum moss. The single erect flower-stem is often tinged red and is clasped near the base by a pair or ovate-orbicular glossy green leaves. The small flowers which look deceptively simple in structure for an orchid, are purple-green in colour with a somewhat swollen calyx.
Description
Plant: to 25cm tall elsewhere but usually not much more than 10cm in this area; two hear-shaped opposite leaves midway on the stem; up to 30 flowers.
Roots: 10 to 15 stringlike roots about 5cm long from base of swollen stem.
Leaves: cordate, about 2 ⨉ 2cm.
Floral bracts: tiny, 1mm long.
Flower: green (green to reddish elsewhere), perianth star-shaped, with protruding forked lip, about 5mm wide ⨉ 8mm long.
Sepals: green; dorsal sepal elliptical, slightly cupped, 2 ⨉ 1.3mm; lateral sepals lanceolate, 2 ⨉ 1mm.
Petals: green, broadly elliptical, 2 ⨉ 1.5mm.
Lip: green, linear over first half, ,deeply forked for lower half, 2mm wide ⨉ 4mm long, two hornlike appendages near column.
Column: short, stubby, with yellow granular pollinia in linear bundles.
Capsule: nearly spherical.
Taxonomy
Listera cordata was first described by Carolus Linnaeus in 1753, as Ophrys cordata. In 1813, Robert Brown identified O. cordata and O. ovata as members of a separate genus, Listera. Distomaea cordata (Linnaeus) Spenner was superseded by Bifolium cordatum (Linnaeus) Nieuwland.
Distribution
It has a circumpolar distribution being found in Europe, Asia and large parts of North America. In the United Kingdom its distribution is largely western and northern, becoming most common in the western Highlands of Scotland, Snowdonia in Wales, and the Lake District in England. (Codes)
Habitat
Listera cordata occurs in two apparently rather different habitats. On raw humus in damp to moist woodland, with a preference for spruce forest, in open wet heather moorland and in Sphagnum bogs. However, the two habitats may not really be so different, since the soil is usually acid in both habitats and the small plants in the open localities usually grow in the shelter of comparatively tall heather on north-facing slopes or in the wet Sphagnum of raised bogs.
Also grows in slightly to fairly damp places in pine, fir, and aspen forest at elevations between 9,000 and 10,300 feet (2,740 and 3,150 meters). It grows on flat to gently sloping terrain, usually in moderate to light shade. Often it grows in open forest in a habitat similar to that of Calypso bulbosa or Goodyera repens. The habitat appears slightly damper because of the relative abundance of herbaceous growth and perhaps the presence of slightly more mosses on the forest floor. Greater concentrations of plants accumulate near the edges of streams, seeps, and boggy areas. In these habitats, L. Cordata roots in mosses or damp duff.
Ecology
The flowers produce nectar and are pollinated principally by fungus gnats in the groups Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae.Mycorrhizal partners are almost exclusively fungi in the Sebacinales clade Serendipitaceae. There may also be some association with Ceratobasidiaceae and/or Tulasnellaceae.
See also
Listera ovata
References
External links
Media related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikispecies
"Neottia cordata" at the Encyclopedia of Life | taxon name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Neottia cordata"
]
} |
Neottia cordata, the lesser twayblade or heartleaf twayblade, is an orchid of upland bogs and mires that rarely exceeds 15 cm (5.9 in) in height. It was formerly placed in the genus Listera, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Neottia nidus-avis, the bird's-nest orchid, evolved within the same group.It is never very common but may be frequently overlooked because of its small size and a tendency to grow underneath heather on sphagnum moss. The single erect flower-stem is often tinged red and is clasped near the base by a pair or ovate-orbicular glossy green leaves. The small flowers which look deceptively simple in structure for an orchid, are purple-green in colour with a somewhat swollen calyx.
Description
Plant: to 25cm tall elsewhere but usually not much more than 10cm in this area; two hear-shaped opposite leaves midway on the stem; up to 30 flowers.
Roots: 10 to 15 stringlike roots about 5cm long from base of swollen stem.
Leaves: cordate, about 2 ⨉ 2cm.
Floral bracts: tiny, 1mm long.
Flower: green (green to reddish elsewhere), perianth star-shaped, with protruding forked lip, about 5mm wide ⨉ 8mm long.
Sepals: green; dorsal sepal elliptical, slightly cupped, 2 ⨉ 1.3mm; lateral sepals lanceolate, 2 ⨉ 1mm.
Petals: green, broadly elliptical, 2 ⨉ 1.5mm.
Lip: green, linear over first half, ,deeply forked for lower half, 2mm wide ⨉ 4mm long, two hornlike appendages near column.
Column: short, stubby, with yellow granular pollinia in linear bundles.
Capsule: nearly spherical.
Taxonomy
Listera cordata was first described by Carolus Linnaeus in 1753, as Ophrys cordata. In 1813, Robert Brown identified O. cordata and O. ovata as members of a separate genus, Listera. Distomaea cordata (Linnaeus) Spenner was superseded by Bifolium cordatum (Linnaeus) Nieuwland.
Distribution
It has a circumpolar distribution being found in Europe, Asia and large parts of North America. In the United Kingdom its distribution is largely western and northern, becoming most common in the western Highlands of Scotland, Snowdonia in Wales, and the Lake District in England. (Codes)
Habitat
Listera cordata occurs in two apparently rather different habitats. On raw humus in damp to moist woodland, with a preference for spruce forest, in open wet heather moorland and in Sphagnum bogs. However, the two habitats may not really be so different, since the soil is usually acid in both habitats and the small plants in the open localities usually grow in the shelter of comparatively tall heather on north-facing slopes or in the wet Sphagnum of raised bogs.
Also grows in slightly to fairly damp places in pine, fir, and aspen forest at elevations between 9,000 and 10,300 feet (2,740 and 3,150 meters). It grows on flat to gently sloping terrain, usually in moderate to light shade. Often it grows in open forest in a habitat similar to that of Calypso bulbosa or Goodyera repens. The habitat appears slightly damper because of the relative abundance of herbaceous growth and perhaps the presence of slightly more mosses on the forest floor. Greater concentrations of plants accumulate near the edges of streams, seeps, and boggy areas. In these habitats, L. Cordata roots in mosses or damp duff.
Ecology
The flowers produce nectar and are pollinated principally by fungus gnats in the groups Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae.Mycorrhizal partners are almost exclusively fungi in the Sebacinales clade Serendipitaceae. There may also be some association with Ceratobasidiaceae and/or Tulasnellaceae.
See also
Listera ovata
References
External links
Media related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikispecies
"Neottia cordata" at the Encyclopedia of Life | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Neottia cordata"
]
} |
Neottia cordata, the lesser twayblade or heartleaf twayblade, is an orchid of upland bogs and mires that rarely exceeds 15 cm (5.9 in) in height. It was formerly placed in the genus Listera, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Neottia nidus-avis, the bird's-nest orchid, evolved within the same group.It is never very common but may be frequently overlooked because of its small size and a tendency to grow underneath heather on sphagnum moss. The single erect flower-stem is often tinged red and is clasped near the base by a pair or ovate-orbicular glossy green leaves. The small flowers which look deceptively simple in structure for an orchid, are purple-green in colour with a somewhat swollen calyx.
Description
Plant: to 25cm tall elsewhere but usually not much more than 10cm in this area; two hear-shaped opposite leaves midway on the stem; up to 30 flowers.
Roots: 10 to 15 stringlike roots about 5cm long from base of swollen stem.
Leaves: cordate, about 2 ⨉ 2cm.
Floral bracts: tiny, 1mm long.
Flower: green (green to reddish elsewhere), perianth star-shaped, with protruding forked lip, about 5mm wide ⨉ 8mm long.
Sepals: green; dorsal sepal elliptical, slightly cupped, 2 ⨉ 1.3mm; lateral sepals lanceolate, 2 ⨉ 1mm.
Petals: green, broadly elliptical, 2 ⨉ 1.5mm.
Lip: green, linear over first half, ,deeply forked for lower half, 2mm wide ⨉ 4mm long, two hornlike appendages near column.
Column: short, stubby, with yellow granular pollinia in linear bundles.
Capsule: nearly spherical.
Taxonomy
Listera cordata was first described by Carolus Linnaeus in 1753, as Ophrys cordata. In 1813, Robert Brown identified O. cordata and O. ovata as members of a separate genus, Listera. Distomaea cordata (Linnaeus) Spenner was superseded by Bifolium cordatum (Linnaeus) Nieuwland.
Distribution
It has a circumpolar distribution being found in Europe, Asia and large parts of North America. In the United Kingdom its distribution is largely western and northern, becoming most common in the western Highlands of Scotland, Snowdonia in Wales, and the Lake District in England. (Codes)
Habitat
Listera cordata occurs in two apparently rather different habitats. On raw humus in damp to moist woodland, with a preference for spruce forest, in open wet heather moorland and in Sphagnum bogs. However, the two habitats may not really be so different, since the soil is usually acid in both habitats and the small plants in the open localities usually grow in the shelter of comparatively tall heather on north-facing slopes or in the wet Sphagnum of raised bogs.
Also grows in slightly to fairly damp places in pine, fir, and aspen forest at elevations between 9,000 and 10,300 feet (2,740 and 3,150 meters). It grows on flat to gently sloping terrain, usually in moderate to light shade. Often it grows in open forest in a habitat similar to that of Calypso bulbosa or Goodyera repens. The habitat appears slightly damper because of the relative abundance of herbaceous growth and perhaps the presence of slightly more mosses on the forest floor. Greater concentrations of plants accumulate near the edges of streams, seeps, and boggy areas. In these habitats, L. Cordata roots in mosses or damp duff.
Ecology
The flowers produce nectar and are pollinated principally by fungus gnats in the groups Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae.Mycorrhizal partners are almost exclusively fungi in the Sebacinales clade Serendipitaceae. There may also be some association with Ceratobasidiaceae and/or Tulasnellaceae.
See also
Listera ovata
References
External links
Media related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikispecies
"Neottia cordata" at the Encyclopedia of Life | basionym | {
"answer_start": [
1595
],
"text": [
"Ophrys cordata"
]
} |
Neottia cordata, the lesser twayblade or heartleaf twayblade, is an orchid of upland bogs and mires that rarely exceeds 15 cm (5.9 in) in height. It was formerly placed in the genus Listera, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Neottia nidus-avis, the bird's-nest orchid, evolved within the same group.It is never very common but may be frequently overlooked because of its small size and a tendency to grow underneath heather on sphagnum moss. The single erect flower-stem is often tinged red and is clasped near the base by a pair or ovate-orbicular glossy green leaves. The small flowers which look deceptively simple in structure for an orchid, are purple-green in colour with a somewhat swollen calyx.
Description
Plant: to 25cm tall elsewhere but usually not much more than 10cm in this area; two hear-shaped opposite leaves midway on the stem; up to 30 flowers.
Roots: 10 to 15 stringlike roots about 5cm long from base of swollen stem.
Leaves: cordate, about 2 ⨉ 2cm.
Floral bracts: tiny, 1mm long.
Flower: green (green to reddish elsewhere), perianth star-shaped, with protruding forked lip, about 5mm wide ⨉ 8mm long.
Sepals: green; dorsal sepal elliptical, slightly cupped, 2 ⨉ 1.3mm; lateral sepals lanceolate, 2 ⨉ 1mm.
Petals: green, broadly elliptical, 2 ⨉ 1.5mm.
Lip: green, linear over first half, ,deeply forked for lower half, 2mm wide ⨉ 4mm long, two hornlike appendages near column.
Column: short, stubby, with yellow granular pollinia in linear bundles.
Capsule: nearly spherical.
Taxonomy
Listera cordata was first described by Carolus Linnaeus in 1753, as Ophrys cordata. In 1813, Robert Brown identified O. cordata and O. ovata as members of a separate genus, Listera. Distomaea cordata (Linnaeus) Spenner was superseded by Bifolium cordatum (Linnaeus) Nieuwland.
Distribution
It has a circumpolar distribution being found in Europe, Asia and large parts of North America. In the United Kingdom its distribution is largely western and northern, becoming most common in the western Highlands of Scotland, Snowdonia in Wales, and the Lake District in England. (Codes)
Habitat
Listera cordata occurs in two apparently rather different habitats. On raw humus in damp to moist woodland, with a preference for spruce forest, in open wet heather moorland and in Sphagnum bogs. However, the two habitats may not really be so different, since the soil is usually acid in both habitats and the small plants in the open localities usually grow in the shelter of comparatively tall heather on north-facing slopes or in the wet Sphagnum of raised bogs.
Also grows in slightly to fairly damp places in pine, fir, and aspen forest at elevations between 9,000 and 10,300 feet (2,740 and 3,150 meters). It grows on flat to gently sloping terrain, usually in moderate to light shade. Often it grows in open forest in a habitat similar to that of Calypso bulbosa or Goodyera repens. The habitat appears slightly damper because of the relative abundance of herbaceous growth and perhaps the presence of slightly more mosses on the forest floor. Greater concentrations of plants accumulate near the edges of streams, seeps, and boggy areas. In these habitats, L. Cordata roots in mosses or damp duff.
Ecology
The flowers produce nectar and are pollinated principally by fungus gnats in the groups Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae.Mycorrhizal partners are almost exclusively fungi in the Sebacinales clade Serendipitaceae. There may also be some association with Ceratobasidiaceae and/or Tulasnellaceae.
See also
Listera ovata
References
External links
Media related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikispecies
"Neottia cordata" at the Encyclopedia of Life | Commons gallery | {
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Neottia cordata, the lesser twayblade or heartleaf twayblade, is an orchid of upland bogs and mires that rarely exceeds 15 cm (5.9 in) in height. It was formerly placed in the genus Listera, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Neottia nidus-avis, the bird's-nest orchid, evolved within the same group.It is never very common but may be frequently overlooked because of its small size and a tendency to grow underneath heather on sphagnum moss. The single erect flower-stem is often tinged red and is clasped near the base by a pair or ovate-orbicular glossy green leaves. The small flowers which look deceptively simple in structure for an orchid, are purple-green in colour with a somewhat swollen calyx.
Description
Plant: to 25cm tall elsewhere but usually not much more than 10cm in this area; two hear-shaped opposite leaves midway on the stem; up to 30 flowers.
Roots: 10 to 15 stringlike roots about 5cm long from base of swollen stem.
Leaves: cordate, about 2 ⨉ 2cm.
Floral bracts: tiny, 1mm long.
Flower: green (green to reddish elsewhere), perianth star-shaped, with protruding forked lip, about 5mm wide ⨉ 8mm long.
Sepals: green; dorsal sepal elliptical, slightly cupped, 2 ⨉ 1.3mm; lateral sepals lanceolate, 2 ⨉ 1mm.
Petals: green, broadly elliptical, 2 ⨉ 1.5mm.
Lip: green, linear over first half, ,deeply forked for lower half, 2mm wide ⨉ 4mm long, two hornlike appendages near column.
Column: short, stubby, with yellow granular pollinia in linear bundles.
Capsule: nearly spherical.
Taxonomy
Listera cordata was first described by Carolus Linnaeus in 1753, as Ophrys cordata. In 1813, Robert Brown identified O. cordata and O. ovata as members of a separate genus, Listera. Distomaea cordata (Linnaeus) Spenner was superseded by Bifolium cordatum (Linnaeus) Nieuwland.
Distribution
It has a circumpolar distribution being found in Europe, Asia and large parts of North America. In the United Kingdom its distribution is largely western and northern, becoming most common in the western Highlands of Scotland, Snowdonia in Wales, and the Lake District in England. (Codes)
Habitat
Listera cordata occurs in two apparently rather different habitats. On raw humus in damp to moist woodland, with a preference for spruce forest, in open wet heather moorland and in Sphagnum bogs. However, the two habitats may not really be so different, since the soil is usually acid in both habitats and the small plants in the open localities usually grow in the shelter of comparatively tall heather on north-facing slopes or in the wet Sphagnum of raised bogs.
Also grows in slightly to fairly damp places in pine, fir, and aspen forest at elevations between 9,000 and 10,300 feet (2,740 and 3,150 meters). It grows on flat to gently sloping terrain, usually in moderate to light shade. Often it grows in open forest in a habitat similar to that of Calypso bulbosa or Goodyera repens. The habitat appears slightly damper because of the relative abundance of herbaceous growth and perhaps the presence of slightly more mosses on the forest floor. Greater concentrations of plants accumulate near the edges of streams, seeps, and boggy areas. In these habitats, L. Cordata roots in mosses or damp duff.
Ecology
The flowers produce nectar and are pollinated principally by fungus gnats in the groups Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae.Mycorrhizal partners are almost exclusively fungi in the Sebacinales clade Serendipitaceae. There may also be some association with Ceratobasidiaceae and/or Tulasnellaceae.
See also
Listera ovata
References
External links
Media related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikispecies
"Neottia cordata" at the Encyclopedia of Life | taxon common name | {
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Neottia cordata, the lesser twayblade or heartleaf twayblade, is an orchid of upland bogs and mires that rarely exceeds 15 cm (5.9 in) in height. It was formerly placed in the genus Listera, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Neottia nidus-avis, the bird's-nest orchid, evolved within the same group.It is never very common but may be frequently overlooked because of its small size and a tendency to grow underneath heather on sphagnum moss. The single erect flower-stem is often tinged red and is clasped near the base by a pair or ovate-orbicular glossy green leaves. The small flowers which look deceptively simple in structure for an orchid, are purple-green in colour with a somewhat swollen calyx.
Description
Plant: to 25cm tall elsewhere but usually not much more than 10cm in this area; two hear-shaped opposite leaves midway on the stem; up to 30 flowers.
Roots: 10 to 15 stringlike roots about 5cm long from base of swollen stem.
Leaves: cordate, about 2 ⨉ 2cm.
Floral bracts: tiny, 1mm long.
Flower: green (green to reddish elsewhere), perianth star-shaped, with protruding forked lip, about 5mm wide ⨉ 8mm long.
Sepals: green; dorsal sepal elliptical, slightly cupped, 2 ⨉ 1.3mm; lateral sepals lanceolate, 2 ⨉ 1mm.
Petals: green, broadly elliptical, 2 ⨉ 1.5mm.
Lip: green, linear over first half, ,deeply forked for lower half, 2mm wide ⨉ 4mm long, two hornlike appendages near column.
Column: short, stubby, with yellow granular pollinia in linear bundles.
Capsule: nearly spherical.
Taxonomy
Listera cordata was first described by Carolus Linnaeus in 1753, as Ophrys cordata. In 1813, Robert Brown identified O. cordata and O. ovata as members of a separate genus, Listera. Distomaea cordata (Linnaeus) Spenner was superseded by Bifolium cordatum (Linnaeus) Nieuwland.
Distribution
It has a circumpolar distribution being found in Europe, Asia and large parts of North America. In the United Kingdom its distribution is largely western and northern, becoming most common in the western Highlands of Scotland, Snowdonia in Wales, and the Lake District in England. (Codes)
Habitat
Listera cordata occurs in two apparently rather different habitats. On raw humus in damp to moist woodland, with a preference for spruce forest, in open wet heather moorland and in Sphagnum bogs. However, the two habitats may not really be so different, since the soil is usually acid in both habitats and the small plants in the open localities usually grow in the shelter of comparatively tall heather on north-facing slopes or in the wet Sphagnum of raised bogs.
Also grows in slightly to fairly damp places in pine, fir, and aspen forest at elevations between 9,000 and 10,300 feet (2,740 and 3,150 meters). It grows on flat to gently sloping terrain, usually in moderate to light shade. Often it grows in open forest in a habitat similar to that of Calypso bulbosa or Goodyera repens. The habitat appears slightly damper because of the relative abundance of herbaceous growth and perhaps the presence of slightly more mosses on the forest floor. Greater concentrations of plants accumulate near the edges of streams, seeps, and boggy areas. In these habitats, L. Cordata roots in mosses or damp duff.
Ecology
The flowers produce nectar and are pollinated principally by fungus gnats in the groups Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae.Mycorrhizal partners are almost exclusively fungi in the Sebacinales clade Serendipitaceae. There may also be some association with Ceratobasidiaceae and/or Tulasnellaceae.
See also
Listera ovata
References
External links
Media related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Lesser Twayblade (Neottia cordata) at Wikispecies
"Neottia cordata" at the Encyclopedia of Life | Burke Herbarium Image Collection ID | {
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The Niers (German pronunciation: [niːɐ̯s], Dutch: [niːrs]) is a river in Germany and The Netherlands, a right tributary of the river Maas (Meuse). Its wellspring is near Erkelenz, south of Mönchengladbach, in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany).
Course and length
The Niers flows through Mönchengladbach, Viersen, Wachtendonk, Geldern and Goch before flowing into the Meuse just across the border with the Netherlands, in Gennep, Limburg (Netherlands).
Its overall length is 116 km - 108 km in Germany, 8 km in the Netherlands.
See also
List of rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia
Meuse#Tributaries
References
External links
Niers
Niersverband | country | {
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The Niers (German pronunciation: [niːɐ̯s], Dutch: [niːrs]) is a river in Germany and The Netherlands, a right tributary of the river Maas (Meuse). Its wellspring is near Erkelenz, south of Mönchengladbach, in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany).
Course and length
The Niers flows through Mönchengladbach, Viersen, Wachtendonk, Geldern and Goch before flowing into the Meuse just across the border with the Netherlands, in Gennep, Limburg (Netherlands).
Its overall length is 116 km - 108 km in Germany, 8 km in the Netherlands.
See also
List of rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia
Meuse#Tributaries
References
External links
Niers
Niersverband | instance of | {
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The Niers (German pronunciation: [niːɐ̯s], Dutch: [niːrs]) is a river in Germany and The Netherlands, a right tributary of the river Maas (Meuse). Its wellspring is near Erkelenz, south of Mönchengladbach, in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany).
Course and length
The Niers flows through Mönchengladbach, Viersen, Wachtendonk, Geldern and Goch before flowing into the Meuse just across the border with the Netherlands, in Gennep, Limburg (Netherlands).
Its overall length is 116 km - 108 km in Germany, 8 km in the Netherlands.
See also
List of rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia
Meuse#Tributaries
References
External links
Niers
Niersverband | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
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428
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The Niers (German pronunciation: [niːɐ̯s], Dutch: [niːrs]) is a river in Germany and The Netherlands, a right tributary of the river Maas (Meuse). Its wellspring is near Erkelenz, south of Mönchengladbach, in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany).
Course and length
The Niers flows through Mönchengladbach, Viersen, Wachtendonk, Geldern and Goch before flowing into the Meuse just across the border with the Netherlands, in Gennep, Limburg (Netherlands).
Its overall length is 116 km - 108 km in Germany, 8 km in the Netherlands.
See also
List of rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia
Meuse#Tributaries
References
External links
Niers
Niersverband | Commons category | {
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4
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"text": [
"Niers"
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The Niers (German pronunciation: [niːɐ̯s], Dutch: [niːrs]) is a river in Germany and The Netherlands, a right tributary of the river Maas (Meuse). Its wellspring is near Erkelenz, south of Mönchengladbach, in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany).
Course and length
The Niers flows through Mönchengladbach, Viersen, Wachtendonk, Geldern and Goch before flowing into the Meuse just across the border with the Netherlands, in Gennep, Limburg (Netherlands).
Its overall length is 116 km - 108 km in Germany, 8 km in the Netherlands.
See also
List of rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia
Meuse#Tributaries
References
External links
Niers
Niersverband | mouth of the watercourse | {
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"Meuse"
]
} |
The Niers (German pronunciation: [niːɐ̯s], Dutch: [niːrs]) is a river in Germany and The Netherlands, a right tributary of the river Maas (Meuse). Its wellspring is near Erkelenz, south of Mönchengladbach, in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany).
Course and length
The Niers flows through Mönchengladbach, Viersen, Wachtendonk, Geldern and Goch before flowing into the Meuse just across the border with the Netherlands, in Gennep, Limburg (Netherlands).
Its overall length is 116 km - 108 km in Germany, 8 km in the Netherlands.
See also
List of rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia
Meuse#Tributaries
References
External links
Niers
Niersverband | native label | {
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4
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"text": [
"Niers"
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Richard Trinkler (born 22 August 1950) is a retired track cyclist and road bicycle racer from Switzerland, who was a professional rider from 1987 to 1989. He represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, where he won the silver medal in the men's team time trial, alongside Alfred Achermann, Laurent Vial and Benno Wiss. He also rode at the 1976 Summer Olympics and 1980 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
Richard Trinkler at Cycling Archives | country of citizenship | {
"answer_start": [
95
],
"text": [
"Switzerland"
]
} |
Richard Trinkler (born 22 August 1950) is a retired track cyclist and road bicycle racer from Switzerland, who was a professional rider from 1987 to 1989. He represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, where he won the silver medal in the men's team time trial, alongside Alfred Achermann, Laurent Vial and Benno Wiss. He also rode at the 1976 Summer Olympics and 1980 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
Richard Trinkler at Cycling Archives | family name | {
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"Trinkler"
]
} |
Richard Trinkler (born 22 August 1950) is a retired track cyclist and road bicycle racer from Switzerland, who was a professional rider from 1987 to 1989. He represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, where he won the silver medal in the men's team time trial, alongside Alfred Achermann, Laurent Vial and Benno Wiss. He also rode at the 1976 Summer Olympics and 1980 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
Richard Trinkler at Cycling Archives | given name | {
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0
],
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"Richard"
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Richard Trinkler (born 22 August 1950) is a retired track cyclist and road bicycle racer from Switzerland, who was a professional rider from 1987 to 1989. He represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, where he won the silver medal in the men's team time trial, alongside Alfred Achermann, Laurent Vial and Benno Wiss. He also rode at the 1976 Summer Olympics and 1980 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
Richard Trinkler at Cycling Archives | participant in | {
"answer_start": [
383
],
"text": [
"1976 Summer Olympics"
]
} |
This article shows all participating team squads at the 2010 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup, held from June 18 to 27, 2010 in Rosarito, and Tijuana, Mexico.
Argentina
Head coach: Horacio Bastit
Brazil
Head coach: Luizomar De Moura
Canada
Head coach: Arnd Ludwig
Costa Rica
Head coach: Braulio Godínez
Cuba
Head coach: Juan Carlos Gala
Dominican Republic
Head coach: Marcos Kwiek
Mexico
Head coach: José A. Bernal
Peru
Head coach: Cheol Yong Kim
Puerto Rico
Head coach: Carlos Cardona
Trinidad and Tobago
Head coach: Francisco Cruz Jiménez
United States
Head coach: Hugh McCutcheon
References
External links
NORCECA | is a list of | {
"answer_start": [
42
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"text": [
"squad"
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Olfactory receptor 5H2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR5H2 gene.Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.
See also
Olfactory receptor
References
Further reading
External links
OR5H2+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain. | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
75
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Olfactory receptor 5H2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR5H2 gene.Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.
See also
Olfactory receptor
References
Further reading
External links
OR5H2+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain. | HGNC gene symbol | {
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WGCY is an American FM radio station broadcasting at 106.3 MHz, licensed to Gibson City, Illinois. The station is locally owned and operated by the McCullough family (d/b/a F&G Broadcasting) and began broadcasting on November 28, 1983. The station's studios are located at 607 South Sangamon Avenue in Gibson City.
WGCY is one of the few remaining commercial radio stations in North America to feature the beautiful music format, consisting chiefly of a mix of instrumental covers of pop songs and soft vocals (including softer Top 40 oldies, standards, and album cuts by MOR artists). In addition to its easy listening music, WGCY features local newscasts, farm reports and sports play-by-play and hourly newscasts from CBS News Radio.
As of late 2020, newer music of the 1960s and 1970s and forgotten oldies have been played during the day. Soft Nights is still the evening format into overnights.
The station expanded its broadcast schedule to 24 hours a day in 2006 after having previously signed off at Midnight. Popular on-air features include local high school sports featuring the Gibson City-Melvin-Sibley Falcons, Radiofied Ads (a Tradio-type feature), and the Friday Afternoon Oldies Get-Together with Kent Casson.
The Tom Benefiel Show is aired from 6 until Midnight on Friday evenings since August 1995. It is billed as "Train-Wreck Radio" and features big band, jazz, swing, songs from the Hit Parade era, and more modern rock and roll fare and typically has a Friday Night Spotlight each week.
External links
WGCY sports streaming website
WGCY in the FCC FM station database
WGCY on Radio-Locator
WGCY in Nielsen Audio's FM station database | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"radio station"
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WGCY is an American FM radio station broadcasting at 106.3 MHz, licensed to Gibson City, Illinois. The station is locally owned and operated by the McCullough family (d/b/a F&G Broadcasting) and began broadcasting on November 28, 1983. The station's studios are located at 607 South Sangamon Avenue in Gibson City.
WGCY is one of the few remaining commercial radio stations in North America to feature the beautiful music format, consisting chiefly of a mix of instrumental covers of pop songs and soft vocals (including softer Top 40 oldies, standards, and album cuts by MOR artists). In addition to its easy listening music, WGCY features local newscasts, farm reports and sports play-by-play and hourly newscasts from CBS News Radio.
As of late 2020, newer music of the 1960s and 1970s and forgotten oldies have been played during the day. Soft Nights is still the evening format into overnights.
The station expanded its broadcast schedule to 24 hours a day in 2006 after having previously signed off at Midnight. Popular on-air features include local high school sports featuring the Gibson City-Melvin-Sibley Falcons, Radiofied Ads (a Tradio-type feature), and the Friday Afternoon Oldies Get-Together with Kent Casson.
The Tom Benefiel Show is aired from 6 until Midnight on Friday evenings since August 1995. It is billed as "Train-Wreck Radio" and features big band, jazz, swing, songs from the Hit Parade era, and more modern rock and roll fare and typically has a Friday Night Spotlight each week.
External links
WGCY sports streaming website
WGCY in the FCC FM station database
WGCY on Radio-Locator
WGCY in Nielsen Audio's FM station database | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"Illinois"
]
} |
WGCY is an American FM radio station broadcasting at 106.3 MHz, licensed to Gibson City, Illinois. The station is locally owned and operated by the McCullough family (d/b/a F&G Broadcasting) and began broadcasting on November 28, 1983. The station's studios are located at 607 South Sangamon Avenue in Gibson City.
WGCY is one of the few remaining commercial radio stations in North America to feature the beautiful music format, consisting chiefly of a mix of instrumental covers of pop songs and soft vocals (including softer Top 40 oldies, standards, and album cuts by MOR artists). In addition to its easy listening music, WGCY features local newscasts, farm reports and sports play-by-play and hourly newscasts from CBS News Radio.
As of late 2020, newer music of the 1960s and 1970s and forgotten oldies have been played during the day. Soft Nights is still the evening format into overnights.
The station expanded its broadcast schedule to 24 hours a day in 2006 after having previously signed off at Midnight. Popular on-air features include local high school sports featuring the Gibson City-Melvin-Sibley Falcons, Radiofied Ads (a Tradio-type feature), and the Friday Afternoon Oldies Get-Together with Kent Casson.
The Tom Benefiel Show is aired from 6 until Midnight on Friday evenings since August 1995. It is billed as "Train-Wreck Radio" and features big band, jazz, swing, songs from the Hit Parade era, and more modern rock and roll fare and typically has a Friday Night Spotlight each week.
External links
WGCY sports streaming website
WGCY in the FCC FM station database
WGCY on Radio-Locator
WGCY in Nielsen Audio's FM station database | licensed to broadcast to | {
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"Gibson City"
]
} |
A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor, who also produced with Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb. It stars Oscar Isaac as a fuel supplier who tries to adhere to his own moral compass amid the rampant violence, corruption and decay that threaten his family and his business. The film also stars Jessica Chastain, David Oyelowo, Alessandro Nivola, and Albert Brooks.
A Most Violent Year premiered as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, and was theatrically released by A24 on December 31, 2014. Despite positive reviews from critics, the film was a box-office bomb, grossing $12 million against a budget of $20 million. It won Best Film, Best Actor for Isaac, and Best Supporting Actress for Chastain at the 86th National Board of Review Awards. Among other accolades, Chastain was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 20th Critics' Choice Awards and the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
Plot
In 1981 New York City, trucking company owner Abel Morales has had several trucks hijacked, ones carrying heating oil. Driver Julian is severely beaten by two hijackers. Abel's wife Anna beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence, but he refuses. Morales and his company are under investigation by Assistant District Attorney Lawrence, who seems determined to expose price fixing, tax evasion, and various other illegalities in the heating oil business.
Morales's attorney, Andrew Walsh, brokers a deal with a group of Hasidic Jews headed by Joseph Mendelsohn to purchase a fuel oil terminal on the East River for $1.5 million. Morales makes a large down payment with the understanding that he will close in 30 days or lose his money.
After moving into a new home, Morales chases an intruder, then finds a dropped gun. He confronts his competitors but they deny involvement. A Teamsters boss suggests Morales's drivers should carry handguns with fake permits. Morales refuses, fearing for his legitimate business reputation.
Julian is again accosted by hijackers, and they shoot at each other. The police chase Julian and the others, who all escape. Morales's bank says that, due to the impending criminal indictments and this violent incident, it can no longer finance his purchase of the terminal.
Morales gets a loan from competitors Saul and Lorraine Lefkowitz in exchange for partial use of the terminal, but it won't cover the entire purchase. Morales raises more money by taking out a mortgage on a building he owns with his younger brother. Another hijacking is reported, and he stops the stolen truck. The hijacker says he sells the oil in Far Rockaway. Morales confronts a competitor who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to call the authorities. Morales is paid for the stolen oil but is still $600,000 short of the purchase price.
Morales visits another competitor, Mafia-affiliated Peter Forente, to ask for the remaining money. Forente warns him that any such loan will be on onerous terms and tells him to think things through before committing to it. Dismayed, Morales tells Anna about Peter's terms and she confesses that she has been skimming from the company for years, storing the money in a secret account. Anna convinces Abel to use this money instead of a loan from Forente.
Morales and Walsh pay the note and take possession of the terminal. Julian arrives carrying a gun, clearly unstable and bemoaning his self-inflicted circumstances. After a brief exchange and a request that Morales take care of his family, Julian kills himself. Morales tells Lawrence that the broader investigations into his firm are hurting his business, and that they should find a conclusion at some point. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that the new oil terminal will develop Morales' business and give him "political influence." Lawrence then hints that Morales might be able to help him with his higher aspirations. Morales claims that he has always taken the path that is "most right".
Cast
Production
On May 23, 2013, Deadline reported that filmmaker J. C. Chandor would write and direct A Most Violent Year, which was to begin shooting in the fall. Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb co-produced the film along with FilmNation Entertainment's Glen Basner as executive producer. On January 22, 2014, A24 acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, which A24 then scheduled for release in the fourth quarter of 2014. The film was co-financed by Image Nation and Participant Media, and produced by Before the Door Pictures and Washington Square Films.
Casting
On June 5, 2013, Javier Bardem joined the film to play the lead. On July 16, 2013, Jessica Chastain joined the cast to play the lead role along with Bardem. On December 3, 2013, Oscar Isaac officially replaced Bardem. On January 27, 2014, Albert Brooks joined the film, playing Isaac's character's attorney, and actress Catalina Sandino Moreno also joined the film in a supporting role. On January 29, 2014, while the film's shooting was underway, David Oyelowo joined the cast. Other cast members include Ashley Williams, Elyes Gabel, Harris Yulin, Giselle Eisenberg, and Elizabeth Marvel. On February 21, 2014, Alessandro Nivola was cast to play Peter Forente, a heating oil distributor who is a competitor to Isaac's character.
Filming
Principal photography began on January 29, 2014, in New York City.
Music
The musical score for A Most Violent Year was composed by Alex Ebert, who previously collaborated with director Chandor on All Is Lost (2013). Influenced musically by the culture and life of the 1980s, specifically thinking of Miami Vice and Scarface, Ebert predominantly utilized synthesizers. "It's a synthesis of sort-of calling-card themes and extended atmospheres. There’s horns and flutes and strings, but there’s also sort of these meditative synthetic beds underlying."A soundtrack album was released by Community Music on December 16, 2014.
Release
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The film was released in four United States theaters on December 31, 2014, by A24 and expanded from there to a nationwide release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released by Icon Film Distribution.
Reception
Critical response
A Most Violent Year received very positive reviews, with many critics comparing Chandor's style in this film favorably to the works of Sidney Lumet, and praise given to the performances of Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gritty, gripping, and weighted with thought-provoking heft, A Most Violent Year represents another strong entry in writer-director J.C. Chandor's impressive filmography." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Business Insider's Brett Arnold wrote that the movie "may be slow, but it's never dull." Variety's Scott Foundas compared it to Chandor's previous film saying the movie is "a tough, gritty, richly atmospheric thriller that lacks some of the formal razzle-dazzle of his solo seafaring epic, 'All Is Lost,' but makes up for it with an impressively sustained low-boil tension and the skillful navigating of a complex plot." The Wrap's Alonso Duralde praised the director, proclaiming that Chandor "firmly plants himself among this generation's great filmmakers."
Top-ten lists
A Most Violent Year was listed on many critics' top 10 lists.
Accolades
References
External links
A Most Violent Year at IMDb
A Most Violent Year at Box Office Mojo
A Most Violent Year at Rotten Tomatoes
A Most Violent Year at Metacritic | instance of | {
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A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor, who also produced with Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb. It stars Oscar Isaac as a fuel supplier who tries to adhere to his own moral compass amid the rampant violence, corruption and decay that threaten his family and his business. The film also stars Jessica Chastain, David Oyelowo, Alessandro Nivola, and Albert Brooks.
A Most Violent Year premiered as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, and was theatrically released by A24 on December 31, 2014. Despite positive reviews from critics, the film was a box-office bomb, grossing $12 million against a budget of $20 million. It won Best Film, Best Actor for Isaac, and Best Supporting Actress for Chastain at the 86th National Board of Review Awards. Among other accolades, Chastain was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 20th Critics' Choice Awards and the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
Plot
In 1981 New York City, trucking company owner Abel Morales has had several trucks hijacked, ones carrying heating oil. Driver Julian is severely beaten by two hijackers. Abel's wife Anna beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence, but he refuses. Morales and his company are under investigation by Assistant District Attorney Lawrence, who seems determined to expose price fixing, tax evasion, and various other illegalities in the heating oil business.
Morales's attorney, Andrew Walsh, brokers a deal with a group of Hasidic Jews headed by Joseph Mendelsohn to purchase a fuel oil terminal on the East River for $1.5 million. Morales makes a large down payment with the understanding that he will close in 30 days or lose his money.
After moving into a new home, Morales chases an intruder, then finds a dropped gun. He confronts his competitors but they deny involvement. A Teamsters boss suggests Morales's drivers should carry handguns with fake permits. Morales refuses, fearing for his legitimate business reputation.
Julian is again accosted by hijackers, and they shoot at each other. The police chase Julian and the others, who all escape. Morales's bank says that, due to the impending criminal indictments and this violent incident, it can no longer finance his purchase of the terminal.
Morales gets a loan from competitors Saul and Lorraine Lefkowitz in exchange for partial use of the terminal, but it won't cover the entire purchase. Morales raises more money by taking out a mortgage on a building he owns with his younger brother. Another hijacking is reported, and he stops the stolen truck. The hijacker says he sells the oil in Far Rockaway. Morales confronts a competitor who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to call the authorities. Morales is paid for the stolen oil but is still $600,000 short of the purchase price.
Morales visits another competitor, Mafia-affiliated Peter Forente, to ask for the remaining money. Forente warns him that any such loan will be on onerous terms and tells him to think things through before committing to it. Dismayed, Morales tells Anna about Peter's terms and she confesses that she has been skimming from the company for years, storing the money in a secret account. Anna convinces Abel to use this money instead of a loan from Forente.
Morales and Walsh pay the note and take possession of the terminal. Julian arrives carrying a gun, clearly unstable and bemoaning his self-inflicted circumstances. After a brief exchange and a request that Morales take care of his family, Julian kills himself. Morales tells Lawrence that the broader investigations into his firm are hurting his business, and that they should find a conclusion at some point. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that the new oil terminal will develop Morales' business and give him "political influence." Lawrence then hints that Morales might be able to help him with his higher aspirations. Morales claims that he has always taken the path that is "most right".
Cast
Production
On May 23, 2013, Deadline reported that filmmaker J. C. Chandor would write and direct A Most Violent Year, which was to begin shooting in the fall. Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb co-produced the film along with FilmNation Entertainment's Glen Basner as executive producer. On January 22, 2014, A24 acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, which A24 then scheduled for release in the fourth quarter of 2014. The film was co-financed by Image Nation and Participant Media, and produced by Before the Door Pictures and Washington Square Films.
Casting
On June 5, 2013, Javier Bardem joined the film to play the lead. On July 16, 2013, Jessica Chastain joined the cast to play the lead role along with Bardem. On December 3, 2013, Oscar Isaac officially replaced Bardem. On January 27, 2014, Albert Brooks joined the film, playing Isaac's character's attorney, and actress Catalina Sandino Moreno also joined the film in a supporting role. On January 29, 2014, while the film's shooting was underway, David Oyelowo joined the cast. Other cast members include Ashley Williams, Elyes Gabel, Harris Yulin, Giselle Eisenberg, and Elizabeth Marvel. On February 21, 2014, Alessandro Nivola was cast to play Peter Forente, a heating oil distributor who is a competitor to Isaac's character.
Filming
Principal photography began on January 29, 2014, in New York City.
Music
The musical score for A Most Violent Year was composed by Alex Ebert, who previously collaborated with director Chandor on All Is Lost (2013). Influenced musically by the culture and life of the 1980s, specifically thinking of Miami Vice and Scarface, Ebert predominantly utilized synthesizers. "It's a synthesis of sort-of calling-card themes and extended atmospheres. There’s horns and flutes and strings, but there’s also sort of these meditative synthetic beds underlying."A soundtrack album was released by Community Music on December 16, 2014.
Release
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The film was released in four United States theaters on December 31, 2014, by A24 and expanded from there to a nationwide release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released by Icon Film Distribution.
Reception
Critical response
A Most Violent Year received very positive reviews, with many critics comparing Chandor's style in this film favorably to the works of Sidney Lumet, and praise given to the performances of Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gritty, gripping, and weighted with thought-provoking heft, A Most Violent Year represents another strong entry in writer-director J.C. Chandor's impressive filmography." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Business Insider's Brett Arnold wrote that the movie "may be slow, but it's never dull." Variety's Scott Foundas compared it to Chandor's previous film saying the movie is "a tough, gritty, richly atmospheric thriller that lacks some of the formal razzle-dazzle of his solo seafaring epic, 'All Is Lost,' but makes up for it with an impressively sustained low-boil tension and the skillful navigating of a complex plot." The Wrap's Alonso Duralde praised the director, proclaiming that Chandor "firmly plants himself among this generation's great filmmakers."
Top-ten lists
A Most Violent Year was listed on many critics' top 10 lists.
Accolades
References
External links
A Most Violent Year at IMDb
A Most Violent Year at Box Office Mojo
A Most Violent Year at Rotten Tomatoes
A Most Violent Year at Metacritic | director | {
"answer_start": [
80
],
"text": [
"J. C. Chandor"
]
} |
A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor, who also produced with Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb. It stars Oscar Isaac as a fuel supplier who tries to adhere to his own moral compass amid the rampant violence, corruption and decay that threaten his family and his business. The film also stars Jessica Chastain, David Oyelowo, Alessandro Nivola, and Albert Brooks.
A Most Violent Year premiered as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, and was theatrically released by A24 on December 31, 2014. Despite positive reviews from critics, the film was a box-office bomb, grossing $12 million against a budget of $20 million. It won Best Film, Best Actor for Isaac, and Best Supporting Actress for Chastain at the 86th National Board of Review Awards. Among other accolades, Chastain was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 20th Critics' Choice Awards and the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
Plot
In 1981 New York City, trucking company owner Abel Morales has had several trucks hijacked, ones carrying heating oil. Driver Julian is severely beaten by two hijackers. Abel's wife Anna beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence, but he refuses. Morales and his company are under investigation by Assistant District Attorney Lawrence, who seems determined to expose price fixing, tax evasion, and various other illegalities in the heating oil business.
Morales's attorney, Andrew Walsh, brokers a deal with a group of Hasidic Jews headed by Joseph Mendelsohn to purchase a fuel oil terminal on the East River for $1.5 million. Morales makes a large down payment with the understanding that he will close in 30 days or lose his money.
After moving into a new home, Morales chases an intruder, then finds a dropped gun. He confronts his competitors but they deny involvement. A Teamsters boss suggests Morales's drivers should carry handguns with fake permits. Morales refuses, fearing for his legitimate business reputation.
Julian is again accosted by hijackers, and they shoot at each other. The police chase Julian and the others, who all escape. Morales's bank says that, due to the impending criminal indictments and this violent incident, it can no longer finance his purchase of the terminal.
Morales gets a loan from competitors Saul and Lorraine Lefkowitz in exchange for partial use of the terminal, but it won't cover the entire purchase. Morales raises more money by taking out a mortgage on a building he owns with his younger brother. Another hijacking is reported, and he stops the stolen truck. The hijacker says he sells the oil in Far Rockaway. Morales confronts a competitor who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to call the authorities. Morales is paid for the stolen oil but is still $600,000 short of the purchase price.
Morales visits another competitor, Mafia-affiliated Peter Forente, to ask for the remaining money. Forente warns him that any such loan will be on onerous terms and tells him to think things through before committing to it. Dismayed, Morales tells Anna about Peter's terms and she confesses that she has been skimming from the company for years, storing the money in a secret account. Anna convinces Abel to use this money instead of a loan from Forente.
Morales and Walsh pay the note and take possession of the terminal. Julian arrives carrying a gun, clearly unstable and bemoaning his self-inflicted circumstances. After a brief exchange and a request that Morales take care of his family, Julian kills himself. Morales tells Lawrence that the broader investigations into his firm are hurting his business, and that they should find a conclusion at some point. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that the new oil terminal will develop Morales' business and give him "political influence." Lawrence then hints that Morales might be able to help him with his higher aspirations. Morales claims that he has always taken the path that is "most right".
Cast
Production
On May 23, 2013, Deadline reported that filmmaker J. C. Chandor would write and direct A Most Violent Year, which was to begin shooting in the fall. Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb co-produced the film along with FilmNation Entertainment's Glen Basner as executive producer. On January 22, 2014, A24 acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, which A24 then scheduled for release in the fourth quarter of 2014. The film was co-financed by Image Nation and Participant Media, and produced by Before the Door Pictures and Washington Square Films.
Casting
On June 5, 2013, Javier Bardem joined the film to play the lead. On July 16, 2013, Jessica Chastain joined the cast to play the lead role along with Bardem. On December 3, 2013, Oscar Isaac officially replaced Bardem. On January 27, 2014, Albert Brooks joined the film, playing Isaac's character's attorney, and actress Catalina Sandino Moreno also joined the film in a supporting role. On January 29, 2014, while the film's shooting was underway, David Oyelowo joined the cast. Other cast members include Ashley Williams, Elyes Gabel, Harris Yulin, Giselle Eisenberg, and Elizabeth Marvel. On February 21, 2014, Alessandro Nivola was cast to play Peter Forente, a heating oil distributor who is a competitor to Isaac's character.
Filming
Principal photography began on January 29, 2014, in New York City.
Music
The musical score for A Most Violent Year was composed by Alex Ebert, who previously collaborated with director Chandor on All Is Lost (2013). Influenced musically by the culture and life of the 1980s, specifically thinking of Miami Vice and Scarface, Ebert predominantly utilized synthesizers. "It's a synthesis of sort-of calling-card themes and extended atmospheres. There’s horns and flutes and strings, but there’s also sort of these meditative synthetic beds underlying."A soundtrack album was released by Community Music on December 16, 2014.
Release
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The film was released in four United States theaters on December 31, 2014, by A24 and expanded from there to a nationwide release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released by Icon Film Distribution.
Reception
Critical response
A Most Violent Year received very positive reviews, with many critics comparing Chandor's style in this film favorably to the works of Sidney Lumet, and praise given to the performances of Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gritty, gripping, and weighted with thought-provoking heft, A Most Violent Year represents another strong entry in writer-director J.C. Chandor's impressive filmography." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Business Insider's Brett Arnold wrote that the movie "may be slow, but it's never dull." Variety's Scott Foundas compared it to Chandor's previous film saying the movie is "a tough, gritty, richly atmospheric thriller that lacks some of the formal razzle-dazzle of his solo seafaring epic, 'All Is Lost,' but makes up for it with an impressively sustained low-boil tension and the skillful navigating of a complex plot." The Wrap's Alonso Duralde praised the director, proclaiming that Chandor "firmly plants himself among this generation's great filmmakers."
Top-ten lists
A Most Violent Year was listed on many critics' top 10 lists.
Accolades
References
External links
A Most Violent Year at IMDb
A Most Violent Year at Box Office Mojo
A Most Violent Year at Rotten Tomatoes
A Most Violent Year at Metacritic | screenwriter | {
"answer_start": [
80
],
"text": [
"J. C. Chandor"
]
} |
A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor, who also produced with Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb. It stars Oscar Isaac as a fuel supplier who tries to adhere to his own moral compass amid the rampant violence, corruption and decay that threaten his family and his business. The film also stars Jessica Chastain, David Oyelowo, Alessandro Nivola, and Albert Brooks.
A Most Violent Year premiered as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, and was theatrically released by A24 on December 31, 2014. Despite positive reviews from critics, the film was a box-office bomb, grossing $12 million against a budget of $20 million. It won Best Film, Best Actor for Isaac, and Best Supporting Actress for Chastain at the 86th National Board of Review Awards. Among other accolades, Chastain was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 20th Critics' Choice Awards and the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
Plot
In 1981 New York City, trucking company owner Abel Morales has had several trucks hijacked, ones carrying heating oil. Driver Julian is severely beaten by two hijackers. Abel's wife Anna beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence, but he refuses. Morales and his company are under investigation by Assistant District Attorney Lawrence, who seems determined to expose price fixing, tax evasion, and various other illegalities in the heating oil business.
Morales's attorney, Andrew Walsh, brokers a deal with a group of Hasidic Jews headed by Joseph Mendelsohn to purchase a fuel oil terminal on the East River for $1.5 million. Morales makes a large down payment with the understanding that he will close in 30 days or lose his money.
After moving into a new home, Morales chases an intruder, then finds a dropped gun. He confronts his competitors but they deny involvement. A Teamsters boss suggests Morales's drivers should carry handguns with fake permits. Morales refuses, fearing for his legitimate business reputation.
Julian is again accosted by hijackers, and they shoot at each other. The police chase Julian and the others, who all escape. Morales's bank says that, due to the impending criminal indictments and this violent incident, it can no longer finance his purchase of the terminal.
Morales gets a loan from competitors Saul and Lorraine Lefkowitz in exchange for partial use of the terminal, but it won't cover the entire purchase. Morales raises more money by taking out a mortgage on a building he owns with his younger brother. Another hijacking is reported, and he stops the stolen truck. The hijacker says he sells the oil in Far Rockaway. Morales confronts a competitor who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to call the authorities. Morales is paid for the stolen oil but is still $600,000 short of the purchase price.
Morales visits another competitor, Mafia-affiliated Peter Forente, to ask for the remaining money. Forente warns him that any such loan will be on onerous terms and tells him to think things through before committing to it. Dismayed, Morales tells Anna about Peter's terms and she confesses that she has been skimming from the company for years, storing the money in a secret account. Anna convinces Abel to use this money instead of a loan from Forente.
Morales and Walsh pay the note and take possession of the terminal. Julian arrives carrying a gun, clearly unstable and bemoaning his self-inflicted circumstances. After a brief exchange and a request that Morales take care of his family, Julian kills himself. Morales tells Lawrence that the broader investigations into his firm are hurting his business, and that they should find a conclusion at some point. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that the new oil terminal will develop Morales' business and give him "political influence." Lawrence then hints that Morales might be able to help him with his higher aspirations. Morales claims that he has always taken the path that is "most right".
Cast
Production
On May 23, 2013, Deadline reported that filmmaker J. C. Chandor would write and direct A Most Violent Year, which was to begin shooting in the fall. Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb co-produced the film along with FilmNation Entertainment's Glen Basner as executive producer. On January 22, 2014, A24 acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, which A24 then scheduled for release in the fourth quarter of 2014. The film was co-financed by Image Nation and Participant Media, and produced by Before the Door Pictures and Washington Square Films.
Casting
On June 5, 2013, Javier Bardem joined the film to play the lead. On July 16, 2013, Jessica Chastain joined the cast to play the lead role along with Bardem. On December 3, 2013, Oscar Isaac officially replaced Bardem. On January 27, 2014, Albert Brooks joined the film, playing Isaac's character's attorney, and actress Catalina Sandino Moreno also joined the film in a supporting role. On January 29, 2014, while the film's shooting was underway, David Oyelowo joined the cast. Other cast members include Ashley Williams, Elyes Gabel, Harris Yulin, Giselle Eisenberg, and Elizabeth Marvel. On February 21, 2014, Alessandro Nivola was cast to play Peter Forente, a heating oil distributor who is a competitor to Isaac's character.
Filming
Principal photography began on January 29, 2014, in New York City.
Music
The musical score for A Most Violent Year was composed by Alex Ebert, who previously collaborated with director Chandor on All Is Lost (2013). Influenced musically by the culture and life of the 1980s, specifically thinking of Miami Vice and Scarface, Ebert predominantly utilized synthesizers. "It's a synthesis of sort-of calling-card themes and extended atmospheres. There’s horns and flutes and strings, but there’s also sort of these meditative synthetic beds underlying."A soundtrack album was released by Community Music on December 16, 2014.
Release
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The film was released in four United States theaters on December 31, 2014, by A24 and expanded from there to a nationwide release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released by Icon Film Distribution.
Reception
Critical response
A Most Violent Year received very positive reviews, with many critics comparing Chandor's style in this film favorably to the works of Sidney Lumet, and praise given to the performances of Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gritty, gripping, and weighted with thought-provoking heft, A Most Violent Year represents another strong entry in writer-director J.C. Chandor's impressive filmography." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Business Insider's Brett Arnold wrote that the movie "may be slow, but it's never dull." Variety's Scott Foundas compared it to Chandor's previous film saying the movie is "a tough, gritty, richly atmospheric thriller that lacks some of the formal razzle-dazzle of his solo seafaring epic, 'All Is Lost,' but makes up for it with an impressively sustained low-boil tension and the skillful navigating of a complex plot." The Wrap's Alonso Duralde praised the director, proclaiming that Chandor "firmly plants himself among this generation's great filmmakers."
Top-ten lists
A Most Violent Year was listed on many critics' top 10 lists.
Accolades
References
External links
A Most Violent Year at IMDb
A Most Violent Year at Box Office Mojo
A Most Violent Year at Rotten Tomatoes
A Most Violent Year at Metacritic | composer | {
"answer_start": [
5433
],
"text": [
"Alex Ebert"
]
} |
A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor, who also produced with Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb. It stars Oscar Isaac as a fuel supplier who tries to adhere to his own moral compass amid the rampant violence, corruption and decay that threaten his family and his business. The film also stars Jessica Chastain, David Oyelowo, Alessandro Nivola, and Albert Brooks.
A Most Violent Year premiered as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, and was theatrically released by A24 on December 31, 2014. Despite positive reviews from critics, the film was a box-office bomb, grossing $12 million against a budget of $20 million. It won Best Film, Best Actor for Isaac, and Best Supporting Actress for Chastain at the 86th National Board of Review Awards. Among other accolades, Chastain was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 20th Critics' Choice Awards and the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
Plot
In 1981 New York City, trucking company owner Abel Morales has had several trucks hijacked, ones carrying heating oil. Driver Julian is severely beaten by two hijackers. Abel's wife Anna beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence, but he refuses. Morales and his company are under investigation by Assistant District Attorney Lawrence, who seems determined to expose price fixing, tax evasion, and various other illegalities in the heating oil business.
Morales's attorney, Andrew Walsh, brokers a deal with a group of Hasidic Jews headed by Joseph Mendelsohn to purchase a fuel oil terminal on the East River for $1.5 million. Morales makes a large down payment with the understanding that he will close in 30 days or lose his money.
After moving into a new home, Morales chases an intruder, then finds a dropped gun. He confronts his competitors but they deny involvement. A Teamsters boss suggests Morales's drivers should carry handguns with fake permits. Morales refuses, fearing for his legitimate business reputation.
Julian is again accosted by hijackers, and they shoot at each other. The police chase Julian and the others, who all escape. Morales's bank says that, due to the impending criminal indictments and this violent incident, it can no longer finance his purchase of the terminal.
Morales gets a loan from competitors Saul and Lorraine Lefkowitz in exchange for partial use of the terminal, but it won't cover the entire purchase. Morales raises more money by taking out a mortgage on a building he owns with his younger brother. Another hijacking is reported, and he stops the stolen truck. The hijacker says he sells the oil in Far Rockaway. Morales confronts a competitor who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to call the authorities. Morales is paid for the stolen oil but is still $600,000 short of the purchase price.
Morales visits another competitor, Mafia-affiliated Peter Forente, to ask for the remaining money. Forente warns him that any such loan will be on onerous terms and tells him to think things through before committing to it. Dismayed, Morales tells Anna about Peter's terms and she confesses that she has been skimming from the company for years, storing the money in a secret account. Anna convinces Abel to use this money instead of a loan from Forente.
Morales and Walsh pay the note and take possession of the terminal. Julian arrives carrying a gun, clearly unstable and bemoaning his self-inflicted circumstances. After a brief exchange and a request that Morales take care of his family, Julian kills himself. Morales tells Lawrence that the broader investigations into his firm are hurting his business, and that they should find a conclusion at some point. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that the new oil terminal will develop Morales' business and give him "political influence." Lawrence then hints that Morales might be able to help him with his higher aspirations. Morales claims that he has always taken the path that is "most right".
Cast
Production
On May 23, 2013, Deadline reported that filmmaker J. C. Chandor would write and direct A Most Violent Year, which was to begin shooting in the fall. Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb co-produced the film along with FilmNation Entertainment's Glen Basner as executive producer. On January 22, 2014, A24 acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, which A24 then scheduled for release in the fourth quarter of 2014. The film was co-financed by Image Nation and Participant Media, and produced by Before the Door Pictures and Washington Square Films.
Casting
On June 5, 2013, Javier Bardem joined the film to play the lead. On July 16, 2013, Jessica Chastain joined the cast to play the lead role along with Bardem. On December 3, 2013, Oscar Isaac officially replaced Bardem. On January 27, 2014, Albert Brooks joined the film, playing Isaac's character's attorney, and actress Catalina Sandino Moreno also joined the film in a supporting role. On January 29, 2014, while the film's shooting was underway, David Oyelowo joined the cast. Other cast members include Ashley Williams, Elyes Gabel, Harris Yulin, Giselle Eisenberg, and Elizabeth Marvel. On February 21, 2014, Alessandro Nivola was cast to play Peter Forente, a heating oil distributor who is a competitor to Isaac's character.
Filming
Principal photography began on January 29, 2014, in New York City.
Music
The musical score for A Most Violent Year was composed by Alex Ebert, who previously collaborated with director Chandor on All Is Lost (2013). Influenced musically by the culture and life of the 1980s, specifically thinking of Miami Vice and Scarface, Ebert predominantly utilized synthesizers. "It's a synthesis of sort-of calling-card themes and extended atmospheres. There’s horns and flutes and strings, but there’s also sort of these meditative synthetic beds underlying."A soundtrack album was released by Community Music on December 16, 2014.
Release
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The film was released in four United States theaters on December 31, 2014, by A24 and expanded from there to a nationwide release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released by Icon Film Distribution.
Reception
Critical response
A Most Violent Year received very positive reviews, with many critics comparing Chandor's style in this film favorably to the works of Sidney Lumet, and praise given to the performances of Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gritty, gripping, and weighted with thought-provoking heft, A Most Violent Year represents another strong entry in writer-director J.C. Chandor's impressive filmography." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Business Insider's Brett Arnold wrote that the movie "may be slow, but it's never dull." Variety's Scott Foundas compared it to Chandor's previous film saying the movie is "a tough, gritty, richly atmospheric thriller that lacks some of the formal razzle-dazzle of his solo seafaring epic, 'All Is Lost,' but makes up for it with an impressively sustained low-boil tension and the skillful navigating of a complex plot." The Wrap's Alonso Duralde praised the director, proclaiming that Chandor "firmly plants himself among this generation's great filmmakers."
Top-ten lists
A Most Violent Year was listed on many critics' top 10 lists.
Accolades
References
External links
A Most Violent Year at IMDb
A Most Violent Year at Box Office Mojo
A Most Violent Year at Rotten Tomatoes
A Most Violent Year at Metacritic | genre | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
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A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor, who also produced with Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb. It stars Oscar Isaac as a fuel supplier who tries to adhere to his own moral compass amid the rampant violence, corruption and decay that threaten his family and his business. The film also stars Jessica Chastain, David Oyelowo, Alessandro Nivola, and Albert Brooks.
A Most Violent Year premiered as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, and was theatrically released by A24 on December 31, 2014. Despite positive reviews from critics, the film was a box-office bomb, grossing $12 million against a budget of $20 million. It won Best Film, Best Actor for Isaac, and Best Supporting Actress for Chastain at the 86th National Board of Review Awards. Among other accolades, Chastain was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 20th Critics' Choice Awards and the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
Plot
In 1981 New York City, trucking company owner Abel Morales has had several trucks hijacked, ones carrying heating oil. Driver Julian is severely beaten by two hijackers. Abel's wife Anna beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence, but he refuses. Morales and his company are under investigation by Assistant District Attorney Lawrence, who seems determined to expose price fixing, tax evasion, and various other illegalities in the heating oil business.
Morales's attorney, Andrew Walsh, brokers a deal with a group of Hasidic Jews headed by Joseph Mendelsohn to purchase a fuel oil terminal on the East River for $1.5 million. Morales makes a large down payment with the understanding that he will close in 30 days or lose his money.
After moving into a new home, Morales chases an intruder, then finds a dropped gun. He confronts his competitors but they deny involvement. A Teamsters boss suggests Morales's drivers should carry handguns with fake permits. Morales refuses, fearing for his legitimate business reputation.
Julian is again accosted by hijackers, and they shoot at each other. The police chase Julian and the others, who all escape. Morales's bank says that, due to the impending criminal indictments and this violent incident, it can no longer finance his purchase of the terminal.
Morales gets a loan from competitors Saul and Lorraine Lefkowitz in exchange for partial use of the terminal, but it won't cover the entire purchase. Morales raises more money by taking out a mortgage on a building he owns with his younger brother. Another hijacking is reported, and he stops the stolen truck. The hijacker says he sells the oil in Far Rockaway. Morales confronts a competitor who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to call the authorities. Morales is paid for the stolen oil but is still $600,000 short of the purchase price.
Morales visits another competitor, Mafia-affiliated Peter Forente, to ask for the remaining money. Forente warns him that any such loan will be on onerous terms and tells him to think things through before committing to it. Dismayed, Morales tells Anna about Peter's terms and she confesses that she has been skimming from the company for years, storing the money in a secret account. Anna convinces Abel to use this money instead of a loan from Forente.
Morales and Walsh pay the note and take possession of the terminal. Julian arrives carrying a gun, clearly unstable and bemoaning his self-inflicted circumstances. After a brief exchange and a request that Morales take care of his family, Julian kills himself. Morales tells Lawrence that the broader investigations into his firm are hurting his business, and that they should find a conclusion at some point. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that the new oil terminal will develop Morales' business and give him "political influence." Lawrence then hints that Morales might be able to help him with his higher aspirations. Morales claims that he has always taken the path that is "most right".
Cast
Production
On May 23, 2013, Deadline reported that filmmaker J. C. Chandor would write and direct A Most Violent Year, which was to begin shooting in the fall. Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb co-produced the film along with FilmNation Entertainment's Glen Basner as executive producer. On January 22, 2014, A24 acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, which A24 then scheduled for release in the fourth quarter of 2014. The film was co-financed by Image Nation and Participant Media, and produced by Before the Door Pictures and Washington Square Films.
Casting
On June 5, 2013, Javier Bardem joined the film to play the lead. On July 16, 2013, Jessica Chastain joined the cast to play the lead role along with Bardem. On December 3, 2013, Oscar Isaac officially replaced Bardem. On January 27, 2014, Albert Brooks joined the film, playing Isaac's character's attorney, and actress Catalina Sandino Moreno also joined the film in a supporting role. On January 29, 2014, while the film's shooting was underway, David Oyelowo joined the cast. Other cast members include Ashley Williams, Elyes Gabel, Harris Yulin, Giselle Eisenberg, and Elizabeth Marvel. On February 21, 2014, Alessandro Nivola was cast to play Peter Forente, a heating oil distributor who is a competitor to Isaac's character.
Filming
Principal photography began on January 29, 2014, in New York City.
Music
The musical score for A Most Violent Year was composed by Alex Ebert, who previously collaborated with director Chandor on All Is Lost (2013). Influenced musically by the culture and life of the 1980s, specifically thinking of Miami Vice and Scarface, Ebert predominantly utilized synthesizers. "It's a synthesis of sort-of calling-card themes and extended atmospheres. There’s horns and flutes and strings, but there’s also sort of these meditative synthetic beds underlying."A soundtrack album was released by Community Music on December 16, 2014.
Release
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The film was released in four United States theaters on December 31, 2014, by A24 and expanded from there to a nationwide release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released by Icon Film Distribution.
Reception
Critical response
A Most Violent Year received very positive reviews, with many critics comparing Chandor's style in this film favorably to the works of Sidney Lumet, and praise given to the performances of Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gritty, gripping, and weighted with thought-provoking heft, A Most Violent Year represents another strong entry in writer-director J.C. Chandor's impressive filmography." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Business Insider's Brett Arnold wrote that the movie "may be slow, but it's never dull." Variety's Scott Foundas compared it to Chandor's previous film saying the movie is "a tough, gritty, richly atmospheric thriller that lacks some of the formal razzle-dazzle of his solo seafaring epic, 'All Is Lost,' but makes up for it with an impressively sustained low-boil tension and the skillful navigating of a complex plot." The Wrap's Alonso Duralde praised the director, proclaiming that Chandor "firmly plants himself among this generation's great filmmakers."
Top-ten lists
A Most Violent Year was listed on many critics' top 10 lists.
Accolades
References
External links
A Most Violent Year at IMDb
A Most Violent Year at Box Office Mojo
A Most Violent Year at Rotten Tomatoes
A Most Violent Year at Metacritic | cast member | {
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"text": [
"Elizabeth Marvel"
]
} |
A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor, who also produced with Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb. It stars Oscar Isaac as a fuel supplier who tries to adhere to his own moral compass amid the rampant violence, corruption and decay that threaten his family and his business. The film also stars Jessica Chastain, David Oyelowo, Alessandro Nivola, and Albert Brooks.
A Most Violent Year premiered as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, and was theatrically released by A24 on December 31, 2014. Despite positive reviews from critics, the film was a box-office bomb, grossing $12 million against a budget of $20 million. It won Best Film, Best Actor for Isaac, and Best Supporting Actress for Chastain at the 86th National Board of Review Awards. Among other accolades, Chastain was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 20th Critics' Choice Awards and the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
Plot
In 1981 New York City, trucking company owner Abel Morales has had several trucks hijacked, ones carrying heating oil. Driver Julian is severely beaten by two hijackers. Abel's wife Anna beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence, but he refuses. Morales and his company are under investigation by Assistant District Attorney Lawrence, who seems determined to expose price fixing, tax evasion, and various other illegalities in the heating oil business.
Morales's attorney, Andrew Walsh, brokers a deal with a group of Hasidic Jews headed by Joseph Mendelsohn to purchase a fuel oil terminal on the East River for $1.5 million. Morales makes a large down payment with the understanding that he will close in 30 days or lose his money.
After moving into a new home, Morales chases an intruder, then finds a dropped gun. He confronts his competitors but they deny involvement. A Teamsters boss suggests Morales's drivers should carry handguns with fake permits. Morales refuses, fearing for his legitimate business reputation.
Julian is again accosted by hijackers, and they shoot at each other. The police chase Julian and the others, who all escape. Morales's bank says that, due to the impending criminal indictments and this violent incident, it can no longer finance his purchase of the terminal.
Morales gets a loan from competitors Saul and Lorraine Lefkowitz in exchange for partial use of the terminal, but it won't cover the entire purchase. Morales raises more money by taking out a mortgage on a building he owns with his younger brother. Another hijacking is reported, and he stops the stolen truck. The hijacker says he sells the oil in Far Rockaway. Morales confronts a competitor who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to call the authorities. Morales is paid for the stolen oil but is still $600,000 short of the purchase price.
Morales visits another competitor, Mafia-affiliated Peter Forente, to ask for the remaining money. Forente warns him that any such loan will be on onerous terms and tells him to think things through before committing to it. Dismayed, Morales tells Anna about Peter's terms and she confesses that she has been skimming from the company for years, storing the money in a secret account. Anna convinces Abel to use this money instead of a loan from Forente.
Morales and Walsh pay the note and take possession of the terminal. Julian arrives carrying a gun, clearly unstable and bemoaning his self-inflicted circumstances. After a brief exchange and a request that Morales take care of his family, Julian kills himself. Morales tells Lawrence that the broader investigations into his firm are hurting his business, and that they should find a conclusion at some point. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that the new oil terminal will develop Morales' business and give him "political influence." Lawrence then hints that Morales might be able to help him with his higher aspirations. Morales claims that he has always taken the path that is "most right".
Cast
Production
On May 23, 2013, Deadline reported that filmmaker J. C. Chandor would write and direct A Most Violent Year, which was to begin shooting in the fall. Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb co-produced the film along with FilmNation Entertainment's Glen Basner as executive producer. On January 22, 2014, A24 acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, which A24 then scheduled for release in the fourth quarter of 2014. The film was co-financed by Image Nation and Participant Media, and produced by Before the Door Pictures and Washington Square Films.
Casting
On June 5, 2013, Javier Bardem joined the film to play the lead. On July 16, 2013, Jessica Chastain joined the cast to play the lead role along with Bardem. On December 3, 2013, Oscar Isaac officially replaced Bardem. On January 27, 2014, Albert Brooks joined the film, playing Isaac's character's attorney, and actress Catalina Sandino Moreno also joined the film in a supporting role. On January 29, 2014, while the film's shooting was underway, David Oyelowo joined the cast. Other cast members include Ashley Williams, Elyes Gabel, Harris Yulin, Giselle Eisenberg, and Elizabeth Marvel. On February 21, 2014, Alessandro Nivola was cast to play Peter Forente, a heating oil distributor who is a competitor to Isaac's character.
Filming
Principal photography began on January 29, 2014, in New York City.
Music
The musical score for A Most Violent Year was composed by Alex Ebert, who previously collaborated with director Chandor on All Is Lost (2013). Influenced musically by the culture and life of the 1980s, specifically thinking of Miami Vice and Scarface, Ebert predominantly utilized synthesizers. "It's a synthesis of sort-of calling-card themes and extended atmospheres. There’s horns and flutes and strings, but there’s also sort of these meditative synthetic beds underlying."A soundtrack album was released by Community Music on December 16, 2014.
Release
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The film was released in four United States theaters on December 31, 2014, by A24 and expanded from there to a nationwide release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released by Icon Film Distribution.
Reception
Critical response
A Most Violent Year received very positive reviews, with many critics comparing Chandor's style in this film favorably to the works of Sidney Lumet, and praise given to the performances of Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gritty, gripping, and weighted with thought-provoking heft, A Most Violent Year represents another strong entry in writer-director J.C. Chandor's impressive filmography." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Business Insider's Brett Arnold wrote that the movie "may be slow, but it's never dull." Variety's Scott Foundas compared it to Chandor's previous film saying the movie is "a tough, gritty, richly atmospheric thriller that lacks some of the formal razzle-dazzle of his solo seafaring epic, 'All Is Lost,' but makes up for it with an impressively sustained low-boil tension and the skillful navigating of a complex plot." The Wrap's Alonso Duralde praised the director, proclaiming that Chandor "firmly plants himself among this generation's great filmmakers."
Top-ten lists
A Most Violent Year was listed on many critics' top 10 lists.
Accolades
References
External links
A Most Violent Year at IMDb
A Most Violent Year at Box Office Mojo
A Most Violent Year at Rotten Tomatoes
A Most Violent Year at Metacritic | producer | {
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"J. C. Chandor"
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} |
A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor, who also produced with Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb. It stars Oscar Isaac as a fuel supplier who tries to adhere to his own moral compass amid the rampant violence, corruption and decay that threaten his family and his business. The film also stars Jessica Chastain, David Oyelowo, Alessandro Nivola, and Albert Brooks.
A Most Violent Year premiered as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, and was theatrically released by A24 on December 31, 2014. Despite positive reviews from critics, the film was a box-office bomb, grossing $12 million against a budget of $20 million. It won Best Film, Best Actor for Isaac, and Best Supporting Actress for Chastain at the 86th National Board of Review Awards. Among other accolades, Chastain was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 20th Critics' Choice Awards and the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
Plot
In 1981 New York City, trucking company owner Abel Morales has had several trucks hijacked, ones carrying heating oil. Driver Julian is severely beaten by two hijackers. Abel's wife Anna beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence, but he refuses. Morales and his company are under investigation by Assistant District Attorney Lawrence, who seems determined to expose price fixing, tax evasion, and various other illegalities in the heating oil business.
Morales's attorney, Andrew Walsh, brokers a deal with a group of Hasidic Jews headed by Joseph Mendelsohn to purchase a fuel oil terminal on the East River for $1.5 million. Morales makes a large down payment with the understanding that he will close in 30 days or lose his money.
After moving into a new home, Morales chases an intruder, then finds a dropped gun. He confronts his competitors but they deny involvement. A Teamsters boss suggests Morales's drivers should carry handguns with fake permits. Morales refuses, fearing for his legitimate business reputation.
Julian is again accosted by hijackers, and they shoot at each other. The police chase Julian and the others, who all escape. Morales's bank says that, due to the impending criminal indictments and this violent incident, it can no longer finance his purchase of the terminal.
Morales gets a loan from competitors Saul and Lorraine Lefkowitz in exchange for partial use of the terminal, but it won't cover the entire purchase. Morales raises more money by taking out a mortgage on a building he owns with his younger brother. Another hijacking is reported, and he stops the stolen truck. The hijacker says he sells the oil in Far Rockaway. Morales confronts a competitor who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to call the authorities. Morales is paid for the stolen oil but is still $600,000 short of the purchase price.
Morales visits another competitor, Mafia-affiliated Peter Forente, to ask for the remaining money. Forente warns him that any such loan will be on onerous terms and tells him to think things through before committing to it. Dismayed, Morales tells Anna about Peter's terms and she confesses that she has been skimming from the company for years, storing the money in a secret account. Anna convinces Abel to use this money instead of a loan from Forente.
Morales and Walsh pay the note and take possession of the terminal. Julian arrives carrying a gun, clearly unstable and bemoaning his self-inflicted circumstances. After a brief exchange and a request that Morales take care of his family, Julian kills himself. Morales tells Lawrence that the broader investigations into his firm are hurting his business, and that they should find a conclusion at some point. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that the new oil terminal will develop Morales' business and give him "political influence." Lawrence then hints that Morales might be able to help him with his higher aspirations. Morales claims that he has always taken the path that is "most right".
Cast
Production
On May 23, 2013, Deadline reported that filmmaker J. C. Chandor would write and direct A Most Violent Year, which was to begin shooting in the fall. Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb co-produced the film along with FilmNation Entertainment's Glen Basner as executive producer. On January 22, 2014, A24 acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, which A24 then scheduled for release in the fourth quarter of 2014. The film was co-financed by Image Nation and Participant Media, and produced by Before the Door Pictures and Washington Square Films.
Casting
On June 5, 2013, Javier Bardem joined the film to play the lead. On July 16, 2013, Jessica Chastain joined the cast to play the lead role along with Bardem. On December 3, 2013, Oscar Isaac officially replaced Bardem. On January 27, 2014, Albert Brooks joined the film, playing Isaac's character's attorney, and actress Catalina Sandino Moreno also joined the film in a supporting role. On January 29, 2014, while the film's shooting was underway, David Oyelowo joined the cast. Other cast members include Ashley Williams, Elyes Gabel, Harris Yulin, Giselle Eisenberg, and Elizabeth Marvel. On February 21, 2014, Alessandro Nivola was cast to play Peter Forente, a heating oil distributor who is a competitor to Isaac's character.
Filming
Principal photography began on January 29, 2014, in New York City.
Music
The musical score for A Most Violent Year was composed by Alex Ebert, who previously collaborated with director Chandor on All Is Lost (2013). Influenced musically by the culture and life of the 1980s, specifically thinking of Miami Vice and Scarface, Ebert predominantly utilized synthesizers. "It's a synthesis of sort-of calling-card themes and extended atmospheres. There’s horns and flutes and strings, but there’s also sort of these meditative synthetic beds underlying."A soundtrack album was released by Community Music on December 16, 2014.
Release
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The film was released in four United States theaters on December 31, 2014, by A24 and expanded from there to a nationwide release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released by Icon Film Distribution.
Reception
Critical response
A Most Violent Year received very positive reviews, with many critics comparing Chandor's style in this film favorably to the works of Sidney Lumet, and praise given to the performances of Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gritty, gripping, and weighted with thought-provoking heft, A Most Violent Year represents another strong entry in writer-director J.C. Chandor's impressive filmography." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Business Insider's Brett Arnold wrote that the movie "may be slow, but it's never dull." Variety's Scott Foundas compared it to Chandor's previous film saying the movie is "a tough, gritty, richly atmospheric thriller that lacks some of the formal razzle-dazzle of his solo seafaring epic, 'All Is Lost,' but makes up for it with an impressively sustained low-boil tension and the skillful navigating of a complex plot." The Wrap's Alonso Duralde praised the director, proclaiming that Chandor "firmly plants himself among this generation's great filmmakers."
Top-ten lists
A Most Violent Year was listed on many critics' top 10 lists.
Accolades
References
External links
A Most Violent Year at IMDb
A Most Violent Year at Box Office Mojo
A Most Violent Year at Rotten Tomatoes
A Most Violent Year at Metacritic | production company | {
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"text": [
"FilmNation Entertainment"
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} |
A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor, who also produced with Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb. It stars Oscar Isaac as a fuel supplier who tries to adhere to his own moral compass amid the rampant violence, corruption and decay that threaten his family and his business. The film also stars Jessica Chastain, David Oyelowo, Alessandro Nivola, and Albert Brooks.
A Most Violent Year premiered as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, and was theatrically released by A24 on December 31, 2014. Despite positive reviews from critics, the film was a box-office bomb, grossing $12 million against a budget of $20 million. It won Best Film, Best Actor for Isaac, and Best Supporting Actress for Chastain at the 86th National Board of Review Awards. Among other accolades, Chastain was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 20th Critics' Choice Awards and the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
Plot
In 1981 New York City, trucking company owner Abel Morales has had several trucks hijacked, ones carrying heating oil. Driver Julian is severely beaten by two hijackers. Abel's wife Anna beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence, but he refuses. Morales and his company are under investigation by Assistant District Attorney Lawrence, who seems determined to expose price fixing, tax evasion, and various other illegalities in the heating oil business.
Morales's attorney, Andrew Walsh, brokers a deal with a group of Hasidic Jews headed by Joseph Mendelsohn to purchase a fuel oil terminal on the East River for $1.5 million. Morales makes a large down payment with the understanding that he will close in 30 days or lose his money.
After moving into a new home, Morales chases an intruder, then finds a dropped gun. He confronts his competitors but they deny involvement. A Teamsters boss suggests Morales's drivers should carry handguns with fake permits. Morales refuses, fearing for his legitimate business reputation.
Julian is again accosted by hijackers, and they shoot at each other. The police chase Julian and the others, who all escape. Morales's bank says that, due to the impending criminal indictments and this violent incident, it can no longer finance his purchase of the terminal.
Morales gets a loan from competitors Saul and Lorraine Lefkowitz in exchange for partial use of the terminal, but it won't cover the entire purchase. Morales raises more money by taking out a mortgage on a building he owns with his younger brother. Another hijacking is reported, and he stops the stolen truck. The hijacker says he sells the oil in Far Rockaway. Morales confronts a competitor who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to call the authorities. Morales is paid for the stolen oil but is still $600,000 short of the purchase price.
Morales visits another competitor, Mafia-affiliated Peter Forente, to ask for the remaining money. Forente warns him that any such loan will be on onerous terms and tells him to think things through before committing to it. Dismayed, Morales tells Anna about Peter's terms and she confesses that she has been skimming from the company for years, storing the money in a secret account. Anna convinces Abel to use this money instead of a loan from Forente.
Morales and Walsh pay the note and take possession of the terminal. Julian arrives carrying a gun, clearly unstable and bemoaning his self-inflicted circumstances. After a brief exchange and a request that Morales take care of his family, Julian kills himself. Morales tells Lawrence that the broader investigations into his firm are hurting his business, and that they should find a conclusion at some point. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that the new oil terminal will develop Morales' business and give him "political influence." Lawrence then hints that Morales might be able to help him with his higher aspirations. Morales claims that he has always taken the path that is "most right".
Cast
Production
On May 23, 2013, Deadline reported that filmmaker J. C. Chandor would write and direct A Most Violent Year, which was to begin shooting in the fall. Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb co-produced the film along with FilmNation Entertainment's Glen Basner as executive producer. On January 22, 2014, A24 acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, which A24 then scheduled for release in the fourth quarter of 2014. The film was co-financed by Image Nation and Participant Media, and produced by Before the Door Pictures and Washington Square Films.
Casting
On June 5, 2013, Javier Bardem joined the film to play the lead. On July 16, 2013, Jessica Chastain joined the cast to play the lead role along with Bardem. On December 3, 2013, Oscar Isaac officially replaced Bardem. On January 27, 2014, Albert Brooks joined the film, playing Isaac's character's attorney, and actress Catalina Sandino Moreno also joined the film in a supporting role. On January 29, 2014, while the film's shooting was underway, David Oyelowo joined the cast. Other cast members include Ashley Williams, Elyes Gabel, Harris Yulin, Giselle Eisenberg, and Elizabeth Marvel. On February 21, 2014, Alessandro Nivola was cast to play Peter Forente, a heating oil distributor who is a competitor to Isaac's character.
Filming
Principal photography began on January 29, 2014, in New York City.
Music
The musical score for A Most Violent Year was composed by Alex Ebert, who previously collaborated with director Chandor on All Is Lost (2013). Influenced musically by the culture and life of the 1980s, specifically thinking of Miami Vice and Scarface, Ebert predominantly utilized synthesizers. "It's a synthesis of sort-of calling-card themes and extended atmospheres. There’s horns and flutes and strings, but there’s also sort of these meditative synthetic beds underlying."A soundtrack album was released by Community Music on December 16, 2014.
Release
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The film was released in four United States theaters on December 31, 2014, by A24 and expanded from there to a nationwide release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released by Icon Film Distribution.
Reception
Critical response
A Most Violent Year received very positive reviews, with many critics comparing Chandor's style in this film favorably to the works of Sidney Lumet, and praise given to the performances of Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gritty, gripping, and weighted with thought-provoking heft, A Most Violent Year represents another strong entry in writer-director J.C. Chandor's impressive filmography." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Business Insider's Brett Arnold wrote that the movie "may be slow, but it's never dull." Variety's Scott Foundas compared it to Chandor's previous film saying the movie is "a tough, gritty, richly atmospheric thriller that lacks some of the formal razzle-dazzle of his solo seafaring epic, 'All Is Lost,' but makes up for it with an impressively sustained low-boil tension and the skillful navigating of a complex plot." The Wrap's Alonso Duralde praised the director, proclaiming that Chandor "firmly plants himself among this generation's great filmmakers."
Top-ten lists
A Most Violent Year was listed on many critics' top 10 lists.
Accolades
References
External links
A Most Violent Year at IMDb
A Most Violent Year at Box Office Mojo
A Most Violent Year at Rotten Tomatoes
A Most Violent Year at Metacritic | review score | {
"answer_start": [
6603
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"text": [
"90%"
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A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor, who also produced with Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb. It stars Oscar Isaac as a fuel supplier who tries to adhere to his own moral compass amid the rampant violence, corruption and decay that threaten his family and his business. The film also stars Jessica Chastain, David Oyelowo, Alessandro Nivola, and Albert Brooks.
A Most Violent Year premiered as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, and was theatrically released by A24 on December 31, 2014. Despite positive reviews from critics, the film was a box-office bomb, grossing $12 million against a budget of $20 million. It won Best Film, Best Actor for Isaac, and Best Supporting Actress for Chastain at the 86th National Board of Review Awards. Among other accolades, Chastain was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 20th Critics' Choice Awards and the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
Plot
In 1981 New York City, trucking company owner Abel Morales has had several trucks hijacked, ones carrying heating oil. Driver Julian is severely beaten by two hijackers. Abel's wife Anna beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence, but he refuses. Morales and his company are under investigation by Assistant District Attorney Lawrence, who seems determined to expose price fixing, tax evasion, and various other illegalities in the heating oil business.
Morales's attorney, Andrew Walsh, brokers a deal with a group of Hasidic Jews headed by Joseph Mendelsohn to purchase a fuel oil terminal on the East River for $1.5 million. Morales makes a large down payment with the understanding that he will close in 30 days or lose his money.
After moving into a new home, Morales chases an intruder, then finds a dropped gun. He confronts his competitors but they deny involvement. A Teamsters boss suggests Morales's drivers should carry handguns with fake permits. Morales refuses, fearing for his legitimate business reputation.
Julian is again accosted by hijackers, and they shoot at each other. The police chase Julian and the others, who all escape. Morales's bank says that, due to the impending criminal indictments and this violent incident, it can no longer finance his purchase of the terminal.
Morales gets a loan from competitors Saul and Lorraine Lefkowitz in exchange for partial use of the terminal, but it won't cover the entire purchase. Morales raises more money by taking out a mortgage on a building he owns with his younger brother. Another hijacking is reported, and he stops the stolen truck. The hijacker says he sells the oil in Far Rockaway. Morales confronts a competitor who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to call the authorities. Morales is paid for the stolen oil but is still $600,000 short of the purchase price.
Morales visits another competitor, Mafia-affiliated Peter Forente, to ask for the remaining money. Forente warns him that any such loan will be on onerous terms and tells him to think things through before committing to it. Dismayed, Morales tells Anna about Peter's terms and she confesses that she has been skimming from the company for years, storing the money in a secret account. Anna convinces Abel to use this money instead of a loan from Forente.
Morales and Walsh pay the note and take possession of the terminal. Julian arrives carrying a gun, clearly unstable and bemoaning his self-inflicted circumstances. After a brief exchange and a request that Morales take care of his family, Julian kills himself. Morales tells Lawrence that the broader investigations into his firm are hurting his business, and that they should find a conclusion at some point. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that the new oil terminal will develop Morales' business and give him "political influence." Lawrence then hints that Morales might be able to help him with his higher aspirations. Morales claims that he has always taken the path that is "most right".
Cast
Production
On May 23, 2013, Deadline reported that filmmaker J. C. Chandor would write and direct A Most Violent Year, which was to begin shooting in the fall. Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb co-produced the film along with FilmNation Entertainment's Glen Basner as executive producer. On January 22, 2014, A24 acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, which A24 then scheduled for release in the fourth quarter of 2014. The film was co-financed by Image Nation and Participant Media, and produced by Before the Door Pictures and Washington Square Films.
Casting
On June 5, 2013, Javier Bardem joined the film to play the lead. On July 16, 2013, Jessica Chastain joined the cast to play the lead role along with Bardem. On December 3, 2013, Oscar Isaac officially replaced Bardem. On January 27, 2014, Albert Brooks joined the film, playing Isaac's character's attorney, and actress Catalina Sandino Moreno also joined the film in a supporting role. On January 29, 2014, while the film's shooting was underway, David Oyelowo joined the cast. Other cast members include Ashley Williams, Elyes Gabel, Harris Yulin, Giselle Eisenberg, and Elizabeth Marvel. On February 21, 2014, Alessandro Nivola was cast to play Peter Forente, a heating oil distributor who is a competitor to Isaac's character.
Filming
Principal photography began on January 29, 2014, in New York City.
Music
The musical score for A Most Violent Year was composed by Alex Ebert, who previously collaborated with director Chandor on All Is Lost (2013). Influenced musically by the culture and life of the 1980s, specifically thinking of Miami Vice and Scarface, Ebert predominantly utilized synthesizers. "It's a synthesis of sort-of calling-card themes and extended atmospheres. There’s horns and flutes and strings, but there’s also sort of these meditative synthetic beds underlying."A soundtrack album was released by Community Music on December 16, 2014.
Release
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The film was released in four United States theaters on December 31, 2014, by A24 and expanded from there to a nationwide release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released by Icon Film Distribution.
Reception
Critical response
A Most Violent Year received very positive reviews, with many critics comparing Chandor's style in this film favorably to the works of Sidney Lumet, and praise given to the performances of Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gritty, gripping, and weighted with thought-provoking heft, A Most Violent Year represents another strong entry in writer-director J.C. Chandor's impressive filmography." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Business Insider's Brett Arnold wrote that the movie "may be slow, but it's never dull." Variety's Scott Foundas compared it to Chandor's previous film saying the movie is "a tough, gritty, richly atmospheric thriller that lacks some of the formal razzle-dazzle of his solo seafaring epic, 'All Is Lost,' but makes up for it with an impressively sustained low-boil tension and the skillful navigating of a complex plot." The Wrap's Alonso Duralde praised the director, proclaiming that Chandor "firmly plants himself among this generation's great filmmakers."
Top-ten lists
A Most Violent Year was listed on many critics' top 10 lists.
Accolades
References
External links
A Most Violent Year at IMDb
A Most Violent Year at Box Office Mojo
A Most Violent Year at Rotten Tomatoes
A Most Violent Year at Metacritic | distributed by | {
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A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor, who also produced with Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb. It stars Oscar Isaac as a fuel supplier who tries to adhere to his own moral compass amid the rampant violence, corruption and decay that threaten his family and his business. The film also stars Jessica Chastain, David Oyelowo, Alessandro Nivola, and Albert Brooks.
A Most Violent Year premiered as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, and was theatrically released by A24 on December 31, 2014. Despite positive reviews from critics, the film was a box-office bomb, grossing $12 million against a budget of $20 million. It won Best Film, Best Actor for Isaac, and Best Supporting Actress for Chastain at the 86th National Board of Review Awards. Among other accolades, Chastain was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 20th Critics' Choice Awards and the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
Plot
In 1981 New York City, trucking company owner Abel Morales has had several trucks hijacked, ones carrying heating oil. Driver Julian is severely beaten by two hijackers. Abel's wife Anna beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence, but he refuses. Morales and his company are under investigation by Assistant District Attorney Lawrence, who seems determined to expose price fixing, tax evasion, and various other illegalities in the heating oil business.
Morales's attorney, Andrew Walsh, brokers a deal with a group of Hasidic Jews headed by Joseph Mendelsohn to purchase a fuel oil terminal on the East River for $1.5 million. Morales makes a large down payment with the understanding that he will close in 30 days or lose his money.
After moving into a new home, Morales chases an intruder, then finds a dropped gun. He confronts his competitors but they deny involvement. A Teamsters boss suggests Morales's drivers should carry handguns with fake permits. Morales refuses, fearing for his legitimate business reputation.
Julian is again accosted by hijackers, and they shoot at each other. The police chase Julian and the others, who all escape. Morales's bank says that, due to the impending criminal indictments and this violent incident, it can no longer finance his purchase of the terminal.
Morales gets a loan from competitors Saul and Lorraine Lefkowitz in exchange for partial use of the terminal, but it won't cover the entire purchase. Morales raises more money by taking out a mortgage on a building he owns with his younger brother. Another hijacking is reported, and he stops the stolen truck. The hijacker says he sells the oil in Far Rockaway. Morales confronts a competitor who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to call the authorities. Morales is paid for the stolen oil but is still $600,000 short of the purchase price.
Morales visits another competitor, Mafia-affiliated Peter Forente, to ask for the remaining money. Forente warns him that any such loan will be on onerous terms and tells him to think things through before committing to it. Dismayed, Morales tells Anna about Peter's terms and she confesses that she has been skimming from the company for years, storing the money in a secret account. Anna convinces Abel to use this money instead of a loan from Forente.
Morales and Walsh pay the note and take possession of the terminal. Julian arrives carrying a gun, clearly unstable and bemoaning his self-inflicted circumstances. After a brief exchange and a request that Morales take care of his family, Julian kills himself. Morales tells Lawrence that the broader investigations into his firm are hurting his business, and that they should find a conclusion at some point. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that the new oil terminal will develop Morales' business and give him "political influence." Lawrence then hints that Morales might be able to help him with his higher aspirations. Morales claims that he has always taken the path that is "most right".
Cast
Production
On May 23, 2013, Deadline reported that filmmaker J. C. Chandor would write and direct A Most Violent Year, which was to begin shooting in the fall. Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb co-produced the film along with FilmNation Entertainment's Glen Basner as executive producer. On January 22, 2014, A24 acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, which A24 then scheduled for release in the fourth quarter of 2014. The film was co-financed by Image Nation and Participant Media, and produced by Before the Door Pictures and Washington Square Films.
Casting
On June 5, 2013, Javier Bardem joined the film to play the lead. On July 16, 2013, Jessica Chastain joined the cast to play the lead role along with Bardem. On December 3, 2013, Oscar Isaac officially replaced Bardem. On January 27, 2014, Albert Brooks joined the film, playing Isaac's character's attorney, and actress Catalina Sandino Moreno also joined the film in a supporting role. On January 29, 2014, while the film's shooting was underway, David Oyelowo joined the cast. Other cast members include Ashley Williams, Elyes Gabel, Harris Yulin, Giselle Eisenberg, and Elizabeth Marvel. On February 21, 2014, Alessandro Nivola was cast to play Peter Forente, a heating oil distributor who is a competitor to Isaac's character.
Filming
Principal photography began on January 29, 2014, in New York City.
Music
The musical score for A Most Violent Year was composed by Alex Ebert, who previously collaborated with director Chandor on All Is Lost (2013). Influenced musically by the culture and life of the 1980s, specifically thinking of Miami Vice and Scarface, Ebert predominantly utilized synthesizers. "It's a synthesis of sort-of calling-card themes and extended atmospheres. There’s horns and flutes and strings, but there’s also sort of these meditative synthetic beds underlying."A soundtrack album was released by Community Music on December 16, 2014.
Release
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The film was released in four United States theaters on December 31, 2014, by A24 and expanded from there to a nationwide release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released by Icon Film Distribution.
Reception
Critical response
A Most Violent Year received very positive reviews, with many critics comparing Chandor's style in this film favorably to the works of Sidney Lumet, and praise given to the performances of Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gritty, gripping, and weighted with thought-provoking heft, A Most Violent Year represents another strong entry in writer-director J.C. Chandor's impressive filmography." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Business Insider's Brett Arnold wrote that the movie "may be slow, but it's never dull." Variety's Scott Foundas compared it to Chandor's previous film saying the movie is "a tough, gritty, richly atmospheric thriller that lacks some of the formal razzle-dazzle of his solo seafaring epic, 'All Is Lost,' but makes up for it with an impressively sustained low-boil tension and the skillful navigating of a complex plot." The Wrap's Alonso Duralde praised the director, proclaiming that Chandor "firmly plants himself among this generation's great filmmakers."
Top-ten lists
A Most Violent Year was listed on many critics' top 10 lists.
Accolades
References
External links
A Most Violent Year at IMDb
A Most Violent Year at Box Office Mojo
A Most Violent Year at Rotten Tomatoes
A Most Violent Year at Metacritic | narrative location | {
"answer_start": [
976
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"text": [
"New York City"
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} |
A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor, who also produced with Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb. It stars Oscar Isaac as a fuel supplier who tries to adhere to his own moral compass amid the rampant violence, corruption and decay that threaten his family and his business. The film also stars Jessica Chastain, David Oyelowo, Alessandro Nivola, and Albert Brooks.
A Most Violent Year premiered as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, and was theatrically released by A24 on December 31, 2014. Despite positive reviews from critics, the film was a box-office bomb, grossing $12 million against a budget of $20 million. It won Best Film, Best Actor for Isaac, and Best Supporting Actress for Chastain at the 86th National Board of Review Awards. Among other accolades, Chastain was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 20th Critics' Choice Awards and the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
Plot
In 1981 New York City, trucking company owner Abel Morales has had several trucks hijacked, ones carrying heating oil. Driver Julian is severely beaten by two hijackers. Abel's wife Anna beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence, but he refuses. Morales and his company are under investigation by Assistant District Attorney Lawrence, who seems determined to expose price fixing, tax evasion, and various other illegalities in the heating oil business.
Morales's attorney, Andrew Walsh, brokers a deal with a group of Hasidic Jews headed by Joseph Mendelsohn to purchase a fuel oil terminal on the East River for $1.5 million. Morales makes a large down payment with the understanding that he will close in 30 days or lose his money.
After moving into a new home, Morales chases an intruder, then finds a dropped gun. He confronts his competitors but they deny involvement. A Teamsters boss suggests Morales's drivers should carry handguns with fake permits. Morales refuses, fearing for his legitimate business reputation.
Julian is again accosted by hijackers, and they shoot at each other. The police chase Julian and the others, who all escape. Morales's bank says that, due to the impending criminal indictments and this violent incident, it can no longer finance his purchase of the terminal.
Morales gets a loan from competitors Saul and Lorraine Lefkowitz in exchange for partial use of the terminal, but it won't cover the entire purchase. Morales raises more money by taking out a mortgage on a building he owns with his younger brother. Another hijacking is reported, and he stops the stolen truck. The hijacker says he sells the oil in Far Rockaway. Morales confronts a competitor who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to call the authorities. Morales is paid for the stolen oil but is still $600,000 short of the purchase price.
Morales visits another competitor, Mafia-affiliated Peter Forente, to ask for the remaining money. Forente warns him that any such loan will be on onerous terms and tells him to think things through before committing to it. Dismayed, Morales tells Anna about Peter's terms and she confesses that she has been skimming from the company for years, storing the money in a secret account. Anna convinces Abel to use this money instead of a loan from Forente.
Morales and Walsh pay the note and take possession of the terminal. Julian arrives carrying a gun, clearly unstable and bemoaning his self-inflicted circumstances. After a brief exchange and a request that Morales take care of his family, Julian kills himself. Morales tells Lawrence that the broader investigations into his firm are hurting his business, and that they should find a conclusion at some point. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that the new oil terminal will develop Morales' business and give him "political influence." Lawrence then hints that Morales might be able to help him with his higher aspirations. Morales claims that he has always taken the path that is "most right".
Cast
Production
On May 23, 2013, Deadline reported that filmmaker J. C. Chandor would write and direct A Most Violent Year, which was to begin shooting in the fall. Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb co-produced the film along with FilmNation Entertainment's Glen Basner as executive producer. On January 22, 2014, A24 acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, which A24 then scheduled for release in the fourth quarter of 2014. The film was co-financed by Image Nation and Participant Media, and produced by Before the Door Pictures and Washington Square Films.
Casting
On June 5, 2013, Javier Bardem joined the film to play the lead. On July 16, 2013, Jessica Chastain joined the cast to play the lead role along with Bardem. On December 3, 2013, Oscar Isaac officially replaced Bardem. On January 27, 2014, Albert Brooks joined the film, playing Isaac's character's attorney, and actress Catalina Sandino Moreno also joined the film in a supporting role. On January 29, 2014, while the film's shooting was underway, David Oyelowo joined the cast. Other cast members include Ashley Williams, Elyes Gabel, Harris Yulin, Giselle Eisenberg, and Elizabeth Marvel. On February 21, 2014, Alessandro Nivola was cast to play Peter Forente, a heating oil distributor who is a competitor to Isaac's character.
Filming
Principal photography began on January 29, 2014, in New York City.
Music
The musical score for A Most Violent Year was composed by Alex Ebert, who previously collaborated with director Chandor on All Is Lost (2013). Influenced musically by the culture and life of the 1980s, specifically thinking of Miami Vice and Scarface, Ebert predominantly utilized synthesizers. "It's a synthesis of sort-of calling-card themes and extended atmospheres. There’s horns and flutes and strings, but there’s also sort of these meditative synthetic beds underlying."A soundtrack album was released by Community Music on December 16, 2014.
Release
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The film was released in four United States theaters on December 31, 2014, by A24 and expanded from there to a nationwide release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released by Icon Film Distribution.
Reception
Critical response
A Most Violent Year received very positive reviews, with many critics comparing Chandor's style in this film favorably to the works of Sidney Lumet, and praise given to the performances of Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gritty, gripping, and weighted with thought-provoking heft, A Most Violent Year represents another strong entry in writer-director J.C. Chandor's impressive filmography." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Business Insider's Brett Arnold wrote that the movie "may be slow, but it's never dull." Variety's Scott Foundas compared it to Chandor's previous film saying the movie is "a tough, gritty, richly atmospheric thriller that lacks some of the formal razzle-dazzle of his solo seafaring epic, 'All Is Lost,' but makes up for it with an impressively sustained low-boil tension and the skillful navigating of a complex plot." The Wrap's Alonso Duralde praised the director, proclaiming that Chandor "firmly plants himself among this generation's great filmmakers."
Top-ten lists
A Most Violent Year was listed on many critics' top 10 lists.
Accolades
References
External links
A Most Violent Year at IMDb
A Most Violent Year at Box Office Mojo
A Most Violent Year at Rotten Tomatoes
A Most Violent Year at Metacritic | filming location | {
"answer_start": [
976
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"text": [
"New York City"
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} |
A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor, who also produced with Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb. It stars Oscar Isaac as a fuel supplier who tries to adhere to his own moral compass amid the rampant violence, corruption and decay that threaten his family and his business. The film also stars Jessica Chastain, David Oyelowo, Alessandro Nivola, and Albert Brooks.
A Most Violent Year premiered as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, and was theatrically released by A24 on December 31, 2014. Despite positive reviews from critics, the film was a box-office bomb, grossing $12 million against a budget of $20 million. It won Best Film, Best Actor for Isaac, and Best Supporting Actress for Chastain at the 86th National Board of Review Awards. Among other accolades, Chastain was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 20th Critics' Choice Awards and the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
Plot
In 1981 New York City, trucking company owner Abel Morales has had several trucks hijacked, ones carrying heating oil. Driver Julian is severely beaten by two hijackers. Abel's wife Anna beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence, but he refuses. Morales and his company are under investigation by Assistant District Attorney Lawrence, who seems determined to expose price fixing, tax evasion, and various other illegalities in the heating oil business.
Morales's attorney, Andrew Walsh, brokers a deal with a group of Hasidic Jews headed by Joseph Mendelsohn to purchase a fuel oil terminal on the East River for $1.5 million. Morales makes a large down payment with the understanding that he will close in 30 days or lose his money.
After moving into a new home, Morales chases an intruder, then finds a dropped gun. He confronts his competitors but they deny involvement. A Teamsters boss suggests Morales's drivers should carry handguns with fake permits. Morales refuses, fearing for his legitimate business reputation.
Julian is again accosted by hijackers, and they shoot at each other. The police chase Julian and the others, who all escape. Morales's bank says that, due to the impending criminal indictments and this violent incident, it can no longer finance his purchase of the terminal.
Morales gets a loan from competitors Saul and Lorraine Lefkowitz in exchange for partial use of the terminal, but it won't cover the entire purchase. Morales raises more money by taking out a mortgage on a building he owns with his younger brother. Another hijacking is reported, and he stops the stolen truck. The hijacker says he sells the oil in Far Rockaway. Morales confronts a competitor who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to call the authorities. Morales is paid for the stolen oil but is still $600,000 short of the purchase price.
Morales visits another competitor, Mafia-affiliated Peter Forente, to ask for the remaining money. Forente warns him that any such loan will be on onerous terms and tells him to think things through before committing to it. Dismayed, Morales tells Anna about Peter's terms and she confesses that she has been skimming from the company for years, storing the money in a secret account. Anna convinces Abel to use this money instead of a loan from Forente.
Morales and Walsh pay the note and take possession of the terminal. Julian arrives carrying a gun, clearly unstable and bemoaning his self-inflicted circumstances. After a brief exchange and a request that Morales take care of his family, Julian kills himself. Morales tells Lawrence that the broader investigations into his firm are hurting his business, and that they should find a conclusion at some point. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that the new oil terminal will develop Morales' business and give him "political influence." Lawrence then hints that Morales might be able to help him with his higher aspirations. Morales claims that he has always taken the path that is "most right".
Cast
Production
On May 23, 2013, Deadline reported that filmmaker J. C. Chandor would write and direct A Most Violent Year, which was to begin shooting in the fall. Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb co-produced the film along with FilmNation Entertainment's Glen Basner as executive producer. On January 22, 2014, A24 acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, which A24 then scheduled for release in the fourth quarter of 2014. The film was co-financed by Image Nation and Participant Media, and produced by Before the Door Pictures and Washington Square Films.
Casting
On June 5, 2013, Javier Bardem joined the film to play the lead. On July 16, 2013, Jessica Chastain joined the cast to play the lead role along with Bardem. On December 3, 2013, Oscar Isaac officially replaced Bardem. On January 27, 2014, Albert Brooks joined the film, playing Isaac's character's attorney, and actress Catalina Sandino Moreno also joined the film in a supporting role. On January 29, 2014, while the film's shooting was underway, David Oyelowo joined the cast. Other cast members include Ashley Williams, Elyes Gabel, Harris Yulin, Giselle Eisenberg, and Elizabeth Marvel. On February 21, 2014, Alessandro Nivola was cast to play Peter Forente, a heating oil distributor who is a competitor to Isaac's character.
Filming
Principal photography began on January 29, 2014, in New York City.
Music
The musical score for A Most Violent Year was composed by Alex Ebert, who previously collaborated with director Chandor on All Is Lost (2013). Influenced musically by the culture and life of the 1980s, specifically thinking of Miami Vice and Scarface, Ebert predominantly utilized synthesizers. "It's a synthesis of sort-of calling-card themes and extended atmospheres. There’s horns and flutes and strings, but there’s also sort of these meditative synthetic beds underlying."A soundtrack album was released by Community Music on December 16, 2014.
Release
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The film was released in four United States theaters on December 31, 2014, by A24 and expanded from there to a nationwide release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released by Icon Film Distribution.
Reception
Critical response
A Most Violent Year received very positive reviews, with many critics comparing Chandor's style in this film favorably to the works of Sidney Lumet, and praise given to the performances of Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gritty, gripping, and weighted with thought-provoking heft, A Most Violent Year represents another strong entry in writer-director J.C. Chandor's impressive filmography." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Business Insider's Brett Arnold wrote that the movie "may be slow, but it's never dull." Variety's Scott Foundas compared it to Chandor's previous film saying the movie is "a tough, gritty, richly atmospheric thriller that lacks some of the formal razzle-dazzle of his solo seafaring epic, 'All Is Lost,' but makes up for it with an impressively sustained low-boil tension and the skillful navigating of a complex plot." The Wrap's Alonso Duralde praised the director, proclaiming that Chandor "firmly plants himself among this generation's great filmmakers."
Top-ten lists
A Most Violent Year was listed on many critics' top 10 lists.
Accolades
References
External links
A Most Violent Year at IMDb
A Most Violent Year at Box Office Mojo
A Most Violent Year at Rotten Tomatoes
A Most Violent Year at Metacritic | title | {
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A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor, who also produced with Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb. It stars Oscar Isaac as a fuel supplier who tries to adhere to his own moral compass amid the rampant violence, corruption and decay that threaten his family and his business. The film also stars Jessica Chastain, David Oyelowo, Alessandro Nivola, and Albert Brooks.
A Most Violent Year premiered as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, and was theatrically released by A24 on December 31, 2014. Despite positive reviews from critics, the film was a box-office bomb, grossing $12 million against a budget of $20 million. It won Best Film, Best Actor for Isaac, and Best Supporting Actress for Chastain at the 86th National Board of Review Awards. Among other accolades, Chastain was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 20th Critics' Choice Awards and the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
Plot
In 1981 New York City, trucking company owner Abel Morales has had several trucks hijacked, ones carrying heating oil. Driver Julian is severely beaten by two hijackers. Abel's wife Anna beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence, but he refuses. Morales and his company are under investigation by Assistant District Attorney Lawrence, who seems determined to expose price fixing, tax evasion, and various other illegalities in the heating oil business.
Morales's attorney, Andrew Walsh, brokers a deal with a group of Hasidic Jews headed by Joseph Mendelsohn to purchase a fuel oil terminal on the East River for $1.5 million. Morales makes a large down payment with the understanding that he will close in 30 days or lose his money.
After moving into a new home, Morales chases an intruder, then finds a dropped gun. He confronts his competitors but they deny involvement. A Teamsters boss suggests Morales's drivers should carry handguns with fake permits. Morales refuses, fearing for his legitimate business reputation.
Julian is again accosted by hijackers, and they shoot at each other. The police chase Julian and the others, who all escape. Morales's bank says that, due to the impending criminal indictments and this violent incident, it can no longer finance his purchase of the terminal.
Morales gets a loan from competitors Saul and Lorraine Lefkowitz in exchange for partial use of the terminal, but it won't cover the entire purchase. Morales raises more money by taking out a mortgage on a building he owns with his younger brother. Another hijacking is reported, and he stops the stolen truck. The hijacker says he sells the oil in Far Rockaway. Morales confronts a competitor who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to call the authorities. Morales is paid for the stolen oil but is still $600,000 short of the purchase price.
Morales visits another competitor, Mafia-affiliated Peter Forente, to ask for the remaining money. Forente warns him that any such loan will be on onerous terms and tells him to think things through before committing to it. Dismayed, Morales tells Anna about Peter's terms and she confesses that she has been skimming from the company for years, storing the money in a secret account. Anna convinces Abel to use this money instead of a loan from Forente.
Morales and Walsh pay the note and take possession of the terminal. Julian arrives carrying a gun, clearly unstable and bemoaning his self-inflicted circumstances. After a brief exchange and a request that Morales take care of his family, Julian kills himself. Morales tells Lawrence that the broader investigations into his firm are hurting his business, and that they should find a conclusion at some point. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that the new oil terminal will develop Morales' business and give him "political influence." Lawrence then hints that Morales might be able to help him with his higher aspirations. Morales claims that he has always taken the path that is "most right".
Cast
Production
On May 23, 2013, Deadline reported that filmmaker J. C. Chandor would write and direct A Most Violent Year, which was to begin shooting in the fall. Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb co-produced the film along with FilmNation Entertainment's Glen Basner as executive producer. On January 22, 2014, A24 acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, which A24 then scheduled for release in the fourth quarter of 2014. The film was co-financed by Image Nation and Participant Media, and produced by Before the Door Pictures and Washington Square Films.
Casting
On June 5, 2013, Javier Bardem joined the film to play the lead. On July 16, 2013, Jessica Chastain joined the cast to play the lead role along with Bardem. On December 3, 2013, Oscar Isaac officially replaced Bardem. On January 27, 2014, Albert Brooks joined the film, playing Isaac's character's attorney, and actress Catalina Sandino Moreno also joined the film in a supporting role. On January 29, 2014, while the film's shooting was underway, David Oyelowo joined the cast. Other cast members include Ashley Williams, Elyes Gabel, Harris Yulin, Giselle Eisenberg, and Elizabeth Marvel. On February 21, 2014, Alessandro Nivola was cast to play Peter Forente, a heating oil distributor who is a competitor to Isaac's character.
Filming
Principal photography began on January 29, 2014, in New York City.
Music
The musical score for A Most Violent Year was composed by Alex Ebert, who previously collaborated with director Chandor on All Is Lost (2013). Influenced musically by the culture and life of the 1980s, specifically thinking of Miami Vice and Scarface, Ebert predominantly utilized synthesizers. "It's a synthesis of sort-of calling-card themes and extended atmospheres. There’s horns and flutes and strings, but there’s also sort of these meditative synthetic beds underlying."A soundtrack album was released by Community Music on December 16, 2014.
Release
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The film was released in four United States theaters on December 31, 2014, by A24 and expanded from there to a nationwide release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released by Icon Film Distribution.
Reception
Critical response
A Most Violent Year received very positive reviews, with many critics comparing Chandor's style in this film favorably to the works of Sidney Lumet, and praise given to the performances of Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gritty, gripping, and weighted with thought-provoking heft, A Most Violent Year represents another strong entry in writer-director J.C. Chandor's impressive filmography." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Business Insider's Brett Arnold wrote that the movie "may be slow, but it's never dull." Variety's Scott Foundas compared it to Chandor's previous film saying the movie is "a tough, gritty, richly atmospheric thriller that lacks some of the formal razzle-dazzle of his solo seafaring epic, 'All Is Lost,' but makes up for it with an impressively sustained low-boil tension and the skillful navigating of a complex plot." The Wrap's Alonso Duralde praised the director, proclaiming that Chandor "firmly plants himself among this generation's great filmmakers."
Top-ten lists
A Most Violent Year was listed on many critics' top 10 lists.
Accolades
References
External links
A Most Violent Year at IMDb
A Most Violent Year at Box Office Mojo
A Most Violent Year at Rotten Tomatoes
A Most Violent Year at Metacritic | Kijkwijzer rating | {
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A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor, who also produced with Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb. It stars Oscar Isaac as a fuel supplier who tries to adhere to his own moral compass amid the rampant violence, corruption and decay that threaten his family and his business. The film also stars Jessica Chastain, David Oyelowo, Alessandro Nivola, and Albert Brooks.
A Most Violent Year premiered as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, and was theatrically released by A24 on December 31, 2014. Despite positive reviews from critics, the film was a box-office bomb, grossing $12 million against a budget of $20 million. It won Best Film, Best Actor for Isaac, and Best Supporting Actress for Chastain at the 86th National Board of Review Awards. Among other accolades, Chastain was also nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 20th Critics' Choice Awards and the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.
Plot
In 1981 New York City, trucking company owner Abel Morales has had several trucks hijacked, ones carrying heating oil. Driver Julian is severely beaten by two hijackers. Abel's wife Anna beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence, but he refuses. Morales and his company are under investigation by Assistant District Attorney Lawrence, who seems determined to expose price fixing, tax evasion, and various other illegalities in the heating oil business.
Morales's attorney, Andrew Walsh, brokers a deal with a group of Hasidic Jews headed by Joseph Mendelsohn to purchase a fuel oil terminal on the East River for $1.5 million. Morales makes a large down payment with the understanding that he will close in 30 days or lose his money.
After moving into a new home, Morales chases an intruder, then finds a dropped gun. He confronts his competitors but they deny involvement. A Teamsters boss suggests Morales's drivers should carry handguns with fake permits. Morales refuses, fearing for his legitimate business reputation.
Julian is again accosted by hijackers, and they shoot at each other. The police chase Julian and the others, who all escape. Morales's bank says that, due to the impending criminal indictments and this violent incident, it can no longer finance his purchase of the terminal.
Morales gets a loan from competitors Saul and Lorraine Lefkowitz in exchange for partial use of the terminal, but it won't cover the entire purchase. Morales raises more money by taking out a mortgage on a building he owns with his younger brother. Another hijacking is reported, and he stops the stolen truck. The hijacker says he sells the oil in Far Rockaway. Morales confronts a competitor who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to call the authorities. Morales is paid for the stolen oil but is still $600,000 short of the purchase price.
Morales visits another competitor, Mafia-affiliated Peter Forente, to ask for the remaining money. Forente warns him that any such loan will be on onerous terms and tells him to think things through before committing to it. Dismayed, Morales tells Anna about Peter's terms and she confesses that she has been skimming from the company for years, storing the money in a secret account. Anna convinces Abel to use this money instead of a loan from Forente.
Morales and Walsh pay the note and take possession of the terminal. Julian arrives carrying a gun, clearly unstable and bemoaning his self-inflicted circumstances. After a brief exchange and a request that Morales take care of his family, Julian kills himself. Morales tells Lawrence that the broader investigations into his firm are hurting his business, and that they should find a conclusion at some point. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that the new oil terminal will develop Morales' business and give him "political influence." Lawrence then hints that Morales might be able to help him with his higher aspirations. Morales claims that he has always taken the path that is "most right".
Cast
Production
On May 23, 2013, Deadline reported that filmmaker J. C. Chandor would write and direct A Most Violent Year, which was to begin shooting in the fall. Neal Dodson and Anna Gerb co-produced the film along with FilmNation Entertainment's Glen Basner as executive producer. On January 22, 2014, A24 acquired the U.S. distribution rights to the film, which A24 then scheduled for release in the fourth quarter of 2014. The film was co-financed by Image Nation and Participant Media, and produced by Before the Door Pictures and Washington Square Films.
Casting
On June 5, 2013, Javier Bardem joined the film to play the lead. On July 16, 2013, Jessica Chastain joined the cast to play the lead role along with Bardem. On December 3, 2013, Oscar Isaac officially replaced Bardem. On January 27, 2014, Albert Brooks joined the film, playing Isaac's character's attorney, and actress Catalina Sandino Moreno also joined the film in a supporting role. On January 29, 2014, while the film's shooting was underway, David Oyelowo joined the cast. Other cast members include Ashley Williams, Elyes Gabel, Harris Yulin, Giselle Eisenberg, and Elizabeth Marvel. On February 21, 2014, Alessandro Nivola was cast to play Peter Forente, a heating oil distributor who is a competitor to Isaac's character.
Filming
Principal photography began on January 29, 2014, in New York City.
Music
The musical score for A Most Violent Year was composed by Alex Ebert, who previously collaborated with director Chandor on All Is Lost (2013). Influenced musically by the culture and life of the 1980s, specifically thinking of Miami Vice and Scarface, Ebert predominantly utilized synthesizers. "It's a synthesis of sort-of calling-card themes and extended atmospheres. There’s horns and flutes and strings, but there’s also sort of these meditative synthetic beds underlying."A soundtrack album was released by Community Music on December 16, 2014.
Release
The film had its world premiere as the opening film of the 28th AFI Fest on November 6, 2014, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. The film was released in four United States theaters on December 31, 2014, by A24 and expanded from there to a nationwide release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released by Icon Film Distribution.
Reception
Critical response
A Most Violent Year received very positive reviews, with many critics comparing Chandor's style in this film favorably to the works of Sidney Lumet, and praise given to the performances of Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "Gritty, gripping, and weighted with thought-provoking heft, A Most Violent Year represents another strong entry in writer-director J.C. Chandor's impressive filmography." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Business Insider's Brett Arnold wrote that the movie "may be slow, but it's never dull." Variety's Scott Foundas compared it to Chandor's previous film saying the movie is "a tough, gritty, richly atmospheric thriller that lacks some of the formal razzle-dazzle of his solo seafaring epic, 'All Is Lost,' but makes up for it with an impressively sustained low-boil tension and the skillful navigating of a complex plot." The Wrap's Alonso Duralde praised the director, proclaiming that Chandor "firmly plants himself among this generation's great filmmakers."
Top-ten lists
A Most Violent Year was listed on many critics' top 10 lists.
Accolades
References
External links
A Most Violent Year at IMDb
A Most Violent Year at Box Office Mojo
A Most Violent Year at Rotten Tomatoes
A Most Violent Year at Metacritic | ClassInd rating | {
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Bordwell, or Boardwell, is a civil parish in County Laois, Ireland.
Townlands
Its townlands are:
Beckfield North
Beckfield South
Bordwell Big
Bordwell Little
Chapelhill
Coolfin
Court
Curragh
Farranville
Garryniska
Grantstown
Kilbreedy
Oldglass
Rahandrick Lower
Rahandrick Upper
Shanvaghey
Tinnaragh
== References == | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
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Bordwell, or Boardwell, is a civil parish in County Laois, Ireland.
Townlands
Its townlands are:
Beckfield North
Beckfield South
Bordwell Big
Bordwell Little
Chapelhill
Coolfin
Court
Curragh
Farranville
Garryniska
Grantstown
Kilbreedy
Oldglass
Rahandrick Lower
Rahandrick Upper
Shanvaghey
Tinnaragh
== References == | native label | {
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Gensac-de-Boulogne (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃sak də bulɔɲ], literally Gensac of Boulogne; Occitan: Gençac de Bolonha) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
Geography
The river Gesse forms part of the commune's eastern border; the Gimone forms part of its western border.
Population
See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department
== References == | country | {
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Gensac-de-Boulogne (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃sak də bulɔɲ], literally Gensac of Boulogne; Occitan: Gençac de Bolonha) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
Geography
The river Gesse forms part of the commune's eastern border; the Gimone forms part of its western border.
Population
See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department
== References == | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
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Gensac-de-Boulogne (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃sak də bulɔɲ], literally Gensac of Boulogne; Occitan: Gençac de Bolonha) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
Geography
The river Gesse forms part of the commune's eastern border; the Gimone forms part of its western border.
Population
See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department
== References == | Commons category | {
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Gensac-de-Boulogne (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃sak də bulɔɲ], literally Gensac of Boulogne; Occitan: Gençac de Bolonha) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
Geography
The river Gesse forms part of the commune's eastern border; the Gimone forms part of its western border.
Population
See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department
== References == | official name | {
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Mutasim Agha Jan was a prominent member of the Taliban's leadership and a member of the Quetta Shura.
During the Taliban's administration of Afghanistan he was the Minister of Finance.
Following their ouster he was a member of the Quetta Shura. Prior to the war in Afghanistan Motasim was the chair of the Quetta Shura's political committee.
In August 2010 Motasim was targeted by assassins and nearly died after advocating the Taliban should negotiate participation in Afghanistan's mainstream political process.
"My idea was I wanted a broad-based government, all political parties together and maybe some hard-liners among the Taliban in Afghanistan and in Pakistan didn’t like to hear this and so they attacked me."
In May 2012 Motasim told the Associated Press he regretted the assassination of Arsala Rahmani, a former Taliban Deputy Minister who served under Afghanistan's President Hamid Karzai.In 2012, Motasim blamed the breakdown of negotiations with the Taliban on the USA's apparent unwillingness or inability to honor assurances that it would release Taliban captives.Motasim was followed by rumors of financial corruption, both as Finance Minister, while on the Quetta Shura—rumors that triggered his ouster in 2009.
== References == | country of citizenship | {
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Stephan Julian Baard (born 29 April 1992) is a Namibian cricketer. In November 2016, he won the Player's Player of the Year award at Cricket Namibia's annual awards ceremony. In January 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. In August 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup.In March 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. He was named as one of the six players to watch during the tournament. Namibia finished in the top four places in the tournament, therefore gaining One Day International (ODI) status. Baard made his ODI debut for Namibia on 27 April 2019, against Oman, in the tournament's final. He was the leading run-scorer for Namibia in the tournament, with 264 runs in six matches.In May 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Uganda. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Namibia against Ghana on 20 May 2019.In June 2019, he was one of twenty-five cricketers to be named in Cricket Namibia's Elite Men's Squad ahead of the 2019–20 international season. In September 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates. In September 2021, Baard was named in Namibia's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.
References
External links
Stephan Baard at ESPNcricinfo | place of birth | {
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Stephan Julian Baard (born 29 April 1992) is a Namibian cricketer. In November 2016, he won the Player's Player of the Year award at Cricket Namibia's annual awards ceremony. In January 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. In August 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup.In March 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. He was named as one of the six players to watch during the tournament. Namibia finished in the top four places in the tournament, therefore gaining One Day International (ODI) status. Baard made his ODI debut for Namibia on 27 April 2019, against Oman, in the tournament's final. He was the leading run-scorer for Namibia in the tournament, with 264 runs in six matches.In May 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Uganda. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Namibia against Ghana on 20 May 2019.In June 2019, he was one of twenty-five cricketers to be named in Cricket Namibia's Elite Men's Squad ahead of the 2019–20 international season. In September 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates. In September 2021, Baard was named in Namibia's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.
References
External links
Stephan Baard at ESPNcricinfo | country of citizenship | {
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47
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"Namibia"
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} |
Stephan Julian Baard (born 29 April 1992) is a Namibian cricketer. In November 2016, he won the Player's Player of the Year award at Cricket Namibia's annual awards ceremony. In January 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. In August 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup.In March 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. He was named as one of the six players to watch during the tournament. Namibia finished in the top four places in the tournament, therefore gaining One Day International (ODI) status. Baard made his ODI debut for Namibia on 27 April 2019, against Oman, in the tournament's final. He was the leading run-scorer for Namibia in the tournament, with 264 runs in six matches.In May 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Uganda. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Namibia against Ghana on 20 May 2019.In June 2019, he was one of twenty-five cricketers to be named in Cricket Namibia's Elite Men's Squad ahead of the 2019–20 international season. In September 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates. In September 2021, Baard was named in Namibia's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.
References
External links
Stephan Baard at ESPNcricinfo | occupation | {
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"cricketer"
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Stephan Julian Baard (born 29 April 1992) is a Namibian cricketer. In November 2016, he won the Player's Player of the Year award at Cricket Namibia's annual awards ceremony. In January 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. In August 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup.In March 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. He was named as one of the six players to watch during the tournament. Namibia finished in the top four places in the tournament, therefore gaining One Day International (ODI) status. Baard made his ODI debut for Namibia on 27 April 2019, against Oman, in the tournament's final. He was the leading run-scorer for Namibia in the tournament, with 264 runs in six matches.In May 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Uganda. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Namibia against Ghana on 20 May 2019.In June 2019, he was one of twenty-five cricketers to be named in Cricket Namibia's Elite Men's Squad ahead of the 2019–20 international season. In September 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates. In September 2021, Baard was named in Namibia's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.
References
External links
Stephan Baard at ESPNcricinfo | sport | {
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56
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Stephan Julian Baard (born 29 April 1992) is a Namibian cricketer. In November 2016, he won the Player's Player of the Year award at Cricket Namibia's annual awards ceremony. In January 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. In August 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup.In March 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. He was named as one of the six players to watch during the tournament. Namibia finished in the top four places in the tournament, therefore gaining One Day International (ODI) status. Baard made his ODI debut for Namibia on 27 April 2019, against Oman, in the tournament's final. He was the leading run-scorer for Namibia in the tournament, with 264 runs in six matches.In May 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Uganda. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Namibia against Ghana on 20 May 2019.In June 2019, he was one of twenty-five cricketers to be named in Cricket Namibia's Elite Men's Squad ahead of the 2019–20 international season. In September 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates. In September 2021, Baard was named in Namibia's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.
References
External links
Stephan Baard at ESPNcricinfo | given name | {
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Stephan Julian Baard (born 29 April 1992) is a Namibian cricketer. In November 2016, he won the Player's Player of the Year award at Cricket Namibia's annual awards ceremony. In January 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. In August 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup.In March 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. He was named as one of the six players to watch during the tournament. Namibia finished in the top four places in the tournament, therefore gaining One Day International (ODI) status. Baard made his ODI debut for Namibia on 27 April 2019, against Oman, in the tournament's final. He was the leading run-scorer for Namibia in the tournament, with 264 runs in six matches.In May 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Uganda. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Namibia against Ghana on 20 May 2019.In June 2019, he was one of twenty-five cricketers to be named in Cricket Namibia's Elite Men's Squad ahead of the 2019–20 international season. In September 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates. In September 2021, Baard was named in Namibia's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.
References
External links
Stephan Baard at ESPNcricinfo | country for sport | {
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47
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"Namibia"
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Patrick Gordon Campbell, 3rd Baron Glenavy (6 June 1913 – 10 November 1980) was an Irish journalist, humorist and television personality.
Life and career
Campbell was born in Dublin, the first son of Charles Campbell, 2nd Baron Glenavy and Beatrice, Lady Glenavy (the artist Beatrice Elvery). He was educated at Rossall School (which he loathed) and then Pembroke College, Oxford, but left Oxford without completing his degree. He was taken on by The Irish Times by Robert Smyllie and reported on "Courts Day by Day". During the Second World War, he served as a Chief Petty Officer in the Irish Marine Service. After the war he re-joined The Irish Times (using the pseudonym 'Quidnunc'), and given charge of the column "Irishman's Diary". He had a weekly column for the Irish edition of the Sunday Dispatch before working on the paper in London from 1947 to 1949. He was assistant editor of Lilliput from 1947 to 1953. His writings also appeared in The Sunday Times.
His books, mostly collections of humorous pieces that were originally published in newspapers and magazines, included: A Long Drink of Cold Water (1949), A Short Trot with a Cultured Mind (1950), An Irishman's Diary (1950), Life in Thin Slices (1951), Patrick Campbell's Omnibus (1954), Come Here Till I Tell You (1960), Constantly in Pursuit (1962), How to Become a Scratch Golfer (1963), Brewing Up in the Basement (1963), Rough Husbandry (1965), The P-P-Penguin Patrick Campbell (1965), All Ways on Sundays (1966), A Bunch of New Roses (1967), an autobiography My Life and Easy Times (1967), The Coarse of Events (1968), Gullible Travels (1969), The High Speed Gasworks (1970), Waving All Excuses (1971), Patrick Campbell's Golfing Book (1972), Fat Tuesday Tails (1972), 35 Years on the Job (1973), and The Campbell Companion (1987). Many of his books were illustrated by Quentin Blake.
Campbell was married three times, first in 1941 to Sylvia Alfreda Willoughby Lee, whom he divorced in 1947. Then to Chery Louise Munro in 1947. The two divorced in 1966, the year he married Vivienne Orme.
Campbell spoke with a stammer, but nevertheless delighted television audiences with his wit, notably as a regular team captain on the long-running show Call My Bluff, opposite his longtime friend, Frank Muir. Muir noted that "When he was locked solid by a troublesome initial letter he would show his frustration by banging his knee and muttering 'Come along! Come along!'". Some of his funniest short stories described incidents involving his stammer. Campbell stood six feet five inches tall, and several of his funniest pieces dealt with the problems faced by a man of his build in merely finding shoes or clothes that fitted him. He also made regular appearances in That Was The Week That Was.
He lived for many years in the South of France, and died in Cannes on 10 November 1980. He was succeeded as the 4th and last Lord Glenavy by his novelist brother Michael.
References
External links
Patrick Campbell at IMDb
List of pieces written by Campbell for Lilliput magazine between 1947 and 1960. | father | {
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Patrick Gordon Campbell, 3rd Baron Glenavy (6 June 1913 – 10 November 1980) was an Irish journalist, humorist and television personality.
Life and career
Campbell was born in Dublin, the first son of Charles Campbell, 2nd Baron Glenavy and Beatrice, Lady Glenavy (the artist Beatrice Elvery). He was educated at Rossall School (which he loathed) and then Pembroke College, Oxford, but left Oxford without completing his degree. He was taken on by The Irish Times by Robert Smyllie and reported on "Courts Day by Day". During the Second World War, he served as a Chief Petty Officer in the Irish Marine Service. After the war he re-joined The Irish Times (using the pseudonym 'Quidnunc'), and given charge of the column "Irishman's Diary". He had a weekly column for the Irish edition of the Sunday Dispatch before working on the paper in London from 1947 to 1949. He was assistant editor of Lilliput from 1947 to 1953. His writings also appeared in The Sunday Times.
His books, mostly collections of humorous pieces that were originally published in newspapers and magazines, included: A Long Drink of Cold Water (1949), A Short Trot with a Cultured Mind (1950), An Irishman's Diary (1950), Life in Thin Slices (1951), Patrick Campbell's Omnibus (1954), Come Here Till I Tell You (1960), Constantly in Pursuit (1962), How to Become a Scratch Golfer (1963), Brewing Up in the Basement (1963), Rough Husbandry (1965), The P-P-Penguin Patrick Campbell (1965), All Ways on Sundays (1966), A Bunch of New Roses (1967), an autobiography My Life and Easy Times (1967), The Coarse of Events (1968), Gullible Travels (1969), The High Speed Gasworks (1970), Waving All Excuses (1971), Patrick Campbell's Golfing Book (1972), Fat Tuesday Tails (1972), 35 Years on the Job (1973), and The Campbell Companion (1987). Many of his books were illustrated by Quentin Blake.
Campbell was married three times, first in 1941 to Sylvia Alfreda Willoughby Lee, whom he divorced in 1947. Then to Chery Louise Munro in 1947. The two divorced in 1966, the year he married Vivienne Orme.
Campbell spoke with a stammer, but nevertheless delighted television audiences with his wit, notably as a regular team captain on the long-running show Call My Bluff, opposite his longtime friend, Frank Muir. Muir noted that "When he was locked solid by a troublesome initial letter he would show his frustration by banging his knee and muttering 'Come along! Come along!'". Some of his funniest short stories described incidents involving his stammer. Campbell stood six feet five inches tall, and several of his funniest pieces dealt with the problems faced by a man of his build in merely finding shoes or clothes that fitted him. He also made regular appearances in That Was The Week That Was.
He lived for many years in the South of France, and died in Cannes on 10 November 1980. He was succeeded as the 4th and last Lord Glenavy by his novelist brother Michael.
References
External links
Patrick Campbell at IMDb
List of pieces written by Campbell for Lilliput magazine between 1947 and 1960. | educated at | {
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Patrick Gordon Campbell, 3rd Baron Glenavy (6 June 1913 – 10 November 1980) was an Irish journalist, humorist and television personality.
Life and career
Campbell was born in Dublin, the first son of Charles Campbell, 2nd Baron Glenavy and Beatrice, Lady Glenavy (the artist Beatrice Elvery). He was educated at Rossall School (which he loathed) and then Pembroke College, Oxford, but left Oxford without completing his degree. He was taken on by The Irish Times by Robert Smyllie and reported on "Courts Day by Day". During the Second World War, he served as a Chief Petty Officer in the Irish Marine Service. After the war he re-joined The Irish Times (using the pseudonym 'Quidnunc'), and given charge of the column "Irishman's Diary". He had a weekly column for the Irish edition of the Sunday Dispatch before working on the paper in London from 1947 to 1949. He was assistant editor of Lilliput from 1947 to 1953. His writings also appeared in The Sunday Times.
His books, mostly collections of humorous pieces that were originally published in newspapers and magazines, included: A Long Drink of Cold Water (1949), A Short Trot with a Cultured Mind (1950), An Irishman's Diary (1950), Life in Thin Slices (1951), Patrick Campbell's Omnibus (1954), Come Here Till I Tell You (1960), Constantly in Pursuit (1962), How to Become a Scratch Golfer (1963), Brewing Up in the Basement (1963), Rough Husbandry (1965), The P-P-Penguin Patrick Campbell (1965), All Ways on Sundays (1966), A Bunch of New Roses (1967), an autobiography My Life and Easy Times (1967), The Coarse of Events (1968), Gullible Travels (1969), The High Speed Gasworks (1970), Waving All Excuses (1971), Patrick Campbell's Golfing Book (1972), Fat Tuesday Tails (1972), 35 Years on the Job (1973), and The Campbell Companion (1987). Many of his books were illustrated by Quentin Blake.
Campbell was married three times, first in 1941 to Sylvia Alfreda Willoughby Lee, whom he divorced in 1947. Then to Chery Louise Munro in 1947. The two divorced in 1966, the year he married Vivienne Orme.
Campbell spoke with a stammer, but nevertheless delighted television audiences with his wit, notably as a regular team captain on the long-running show Call My Bluff, opposite his longtime friend, Frank Muir. Muir noted that "When he was locked solid by a troublesome initial letter he would show his frustration by banging his knee and muttering 'Come along! Come along!'". Some of his funniest short stories described incidents involving his stammer. Campbell stood six feet five inches tall, and several of his funniest pieces dealt with the problems faced by a man of his build in merely finding shoes or clothes that fitted him. He also made regular appearances in That Was The Week That Was.
He lived for many years in the South of France, and died in Cannes on 10 November 1980. He was succeeded as the 4th and last Lord Glenavy by his novelist brother Michael.
References
External links
Patrick Campbell at IMDb
List of pieces written by Campbell for Lilliput magazine between 1947 and 1960. | family name | {
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"Campbell"
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Patrick Gordon Campbell, 3rd Baron Glenavy (6 June 1913 – 10 November 1980) was an Irish journalist, humorist and television personality.
Life and career
Campbell was born in Dublin, the first son of Charles Campbell, 2nd Baron Glenavy and Beatrice, Lady Glenavy (the artist Beatrice Elvery). He was educated at Rossall School (which he loathed) and then Pembroke College, Oxford, but left Oxford without completing his degree. He was taken on by The Irish Times by Robert Smyllie and reported on "Courts Day by Day". During the Second World War, he served as a Chief Petty Officer in the Irish Marine Service. After the war he re-joined The Irish Times (using the pseudonym 'Quidnunc'), and given charge of the column "Irishman's Diary". He had a weekly column for the Irish edition of the Sunday Dispatch before working on the paper in London from 1947 to 1949. He was assistant editor of Lilliput from 1947 to 1953. His writings also appeared in The Sunday Times.
His books, mostly collections of humorous pieces that were originally published in newspapers and magazines, included: A Long Drink of Cold Water (1949), A Short Trot with a Cultured Mind (1950), An Irishman's Diary (1950), Life in Thin Slices (1951), Patrick Campbell's Omnibus (1954), Come Here Till I Tell You (1960), Constantly in Pursuit (1962), How to Become a Scratch Golfer (1963), Brewing Up in the Basement (1963), Rough Husbandry (1965), The P-P-Penguin Patrick Campbell (1965), All Ways on Sundays (1966), A Bunch of New Roses (1967), an autobiography My Life and Easy Times (1967), The Coarse of Events (1968), Gullible Travels (1969), The High Speed Gasworks (1970), Waving All Excuses (1971), Patrick Campbell's Golfing Book (1972), Fat Tuesday Tails (1972), 35 Years on the Job (1973), and The Campbell Companion (1987). Many of his books were illustrated by Quentin Blake.
Campbell was married three times, first in 1941 to Sylvia Alfreda Willoughby Lee, whom he divorced in 1947. Then to Chery Louise Munro in 1947. The two divorced in 1966, the year he married Vivienne Orme.
Campbell spoke with a stammer, but nevertheless delighted television audiences with his wit, notably as a regular team captain on the long-running show Call My Bluff, opposite his longtime friend, Frank Muir. Muir noted that "When he was locked solid by a troublesome initial letter he would show his frustration by banging his knee and muttering 'Come along! Come along!'". Some of his funniest short stories described incidents involving his stammer. Campbell stood six feet five inches tall, and several of his funniest pieces dealt with the problems faced by a man of his build in merely finding shoes or clothes that fitted him. He also made regular appearances in That Was The Week That Was.
He lived for many years in the South of France, and died in Cannes on 10 November 1980. He was succeeded as the 4th and last Lord Glenavy by his novelist brother Michael.
References
External links
Patrick Campbell at IMDb
List of pieces written by Campbell for Lilliput magazine between 1947 and 1960. | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Patrick"
]
} |
Frank Joseph Rodimer (October 25, 1927 – December 6, 2018) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as the sixth bishop of the Diocese of Paterson in New Jersey from 1977 to 2004.
Biography
Early life
Frank Rodimer was born on October 25, 1927, in Rockaway, New Jersey. He graduated from Seton Hall Preparatory School, then attended St. Charles College in Catonsville, Maryland and St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, Maryland.
Priesthood
Rodimer was ordained to the priesthood for the Diocese of Paterson on May 19, 1951. He studied at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., obtaining his licentiate in theology in 1951. He also received a doctorate in canon law in 1954 for a thesis entitled The Canonical Effects of Infamy of Fact: A Historical Synopsis and Commentary, published by the Catholic University of America Press.
In June 1954, Rodimer returned to New Jersey and was appointed assistant chancellor of the diocese and secretary of the diocesan Tribunal. During this time, he served as assistant pastor to St. Brendan's Parish in Clifton, New Jersey.Rodimer was appointed first diocesan director of sacred liturgy. He was named priest-secretary of Bishop James J. Navagh and attended the sessions of the Second Vatican Council as Navagh's principal aide. In December 1964, he was appointed secretary of the diocesan College of Consultors. As priest-secretary, Rodimer was in Rome when Bishop Navagh died there in October 1965, and was responsible for returning to New Jersey with the body of the bishop for burial services.
Under his predecessor Bishop Lawrence B. Casey, Rodimer served as administrator of Our Lady of the Lake Parish in Sparta, New Jersey, from April 1967 to January 1968, at which time he became pastor of St. Paul's Parish in Clifton. He also served as the diocesan chancellor, and in that capacity, was elected diocesan administrator by the College of Consultors upon Casey's death in June 1977.
Bishop of Paterson
On December 5, 1977, Pope Paul VI appointed Rodimer the sixth bishop of the Diocese Paterson, the first native-born bishop in the diocese. He was consecrated bishop on February 28, 1978, with Archbishop Peter Gerety as principal consecrator, and Archbishops Joseph Bernardin and Peter Poreku Dery serving as co-consecrators.
As bishop, Rodimer wrote a weekly column for the diocesan newspaper, The Beacon. He also established a $7 million diocesan endowment to support Catholic schools, parishes and other diocesan ministries through fund raising. With corporate leaders, Rodimer established the Tri-County Scholarship fund to provide scholarships to needy students attending Catholic schools. During his tenure, Rodimer made public his opposition to capital punishment and to permanent replacements for striking workers.Although he once declared, "I fear for a society which deplores but does little or nothing to address the horrible daily realities which many of our children face", Rodimer admitted his "own inadequacy" in failing to prevent at least four of his clerical colleagues, with whom he shared a Long Island beach house, from committing sexual abuse.
Retirement and legacy
Rodimer retired as Bishop on June 1, 2004, after twenty-six years of service. A 2020 report revealed that a Diocese of Paterson priest had informed Rodimer in the late 1980s of allegations that former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick had sexually abused boys at his beach house and that Rodimer had responded that he would contact U.S. representatives of the Vatican.Frank Rodimer died on December 6, 2018 at his residence in St. Joseph’s Home for the Elderly in Totowa, New Jersey, aged 91.
See also
References
External links
Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson Official Site
USCCB - Press Release
== Episcopal succession == | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
266
],
"text": [
"Rockaway"
]
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Frank Joseph Rodimer (October 25, 1927 – December 6, 2018) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as the sixth bishop of the Diocese of Paterson in New Jersey from 1977 to 2004.
Biography
Early life
Frank Rodimer was born on October 25, 1927, in Rockaway, New Jersey. He graduated from Seton Hall Preparatory School, then attended St. Charles College in Catonsville, Maryland and St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, Maryland.
Priesthood
Rodimer was ordained to the priesthood for the Diocese of Paterson on May 19, 1951. He studied at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., obtaining his licentiate in theology in 1951. He also received a doctorate in canon law in 1954 for a thesis entitled The Canonical Effects of Infamy of Fact: A Historical Synopsis and Commentary, published by the Catholic University of America Press.
In June 1954, Rodimer returned to New Jersey and was appointed assistant chancellor of the diocese and secretary of the diocesan Tribunal. During this time, he served as assistant pastor to St. Brendan's Parish in Clifton, New Jersey.Rodimer was appointed first diocesan director of sacred liturgy. He was named priest-secretary of Bishop James J. Navagh and attended the sessions of the Second Vatican Council as Navagh's principal aide. In December 1964, he was appointed secretary of the diocesan College of Consultors. As priest-secretary, Rodimer was in Rome when Bishop Navagh died there in October 1965, and was responsible for returning to New Jersey with the body of the bishop for burial services.
Under his predecessor Bishop Lawrence B. Casey, Rodimer served as administrator of Our Lady of the Lake Parish in Sparta, New Jersey, from April 1967 to January 1968, at which time he became pastor of St. Paul's Parish in Clifton. He also served as the diocesan chancellor, and in that capacity, was elected diocesan administrator by the College of Consultors upon Casey's death in June 1977.
Bishop of Paterson
On December 5, 1977, Pope Paul VI appointed Rodimer the sixth bishop of the Diocese Paterson, the first native-born bishop in the diocese. He was consecrated bishop on February 28, 1978, with Archbishop Peter Gerety as principal consecrator, and Archbishops Joseph Bernardin and Peter Poreku Dery serving as co-consecrators.
As bishop, Rodimer wrote a weekly column for the diocesan newspaper, The Beacon. He also established a $7 million diocesan endowment to support Catholic schools, parishes and other diocesan ministries through fund raising. With corporate leaders, Rodimer established the Tri-County Scholarship fund to provide scholarships to needy students attending Catholic schools. During his tenure, Rodimer made public his opposition to capital punishment and to permanent replacements for striking workers.Although he once declared, "I fear for a society which deplores but does little or nothing to address the horrible daily realities which many of our children face", Rodimer admitted his "own inadequacy" in failing to prevent at least four of his clerical colleagues, with whom he shared a Long Island beach house, from committing sexual abuse.
Retirement and legacy
Rodimer retired as Bishop on June 1, 2004, after twenty-six years of service. A 2020 report revealed that a Diocese of Paterson priest had informed Rodimer in the late 1980s of allegations that former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick had sexually abused boys at his beach house and that Rodimer had responded that he would contact U.S. representatives of the Vatican.Frank Rodimer died on December 6, 2018 at his residence in St. Joseph’s Home for the Elderly in Totowa, New Jersey, aged 91.
See also
References
External links
Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson Official Site
USCCB - Press Release
== Episcopal succession == | place of death | {
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3632
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"text": [
"Totowa"
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Frank Joseph Rodimer (October 25, 1927 – December 6, 2018) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as the sixth bishop of the Diocese of Paterson in New Jersey from 1977 to 2004.
Biography
Early life
Frank Rodimer was born on October 25, 1927, in Rockaway, New Jersey. He graduated from Seton Hall Preparatory School, then attended St. Charles College in Catonsville, Maryland and St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, Maryland.
Priesthood
Rodimer was ordained to the priesthood for the Diocese of Paterson on May 19, 1951. He studied at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., obtaining his licentiate in theology in 1951. He also received a doctorate in canon law in 1954 for a thesis entitled The Canonical Effects of Infamy of Fact: A Historical Synopsis and Commentary, published by the Catholic University of America Press.
In June 1954, Rodimer returned to New Jersey and was appointed assistant chancellor of the diocese and secretary of the diocesan Tribunal. During this time, he served as assistant pastor to St. Brendan's Parish in Clifton, New Jersey.Rodimer was appointed first diocesan director of sacred liturgy. He was named priest-secretary of Bishop James J. Navagh and attended the sessions of the Second Vatican Council as Navagh's principal aide. In December 1964, he was appointed secretary of the diocesan College of Consultors. As priest-secretary, Rodimer was in Rome when Bishop Navagh died there in October 1965, and was responsible for returning to New Jersey with the body of the bishop for burial services.
Under his predecessor Bishop Lawrence B. Casey, Rodimer served as administrator of Our Lady of the Lake Parish in Sparta, New Jersey, from April 1967 to January 1968, at which time he became pastor of St. Paul's Parish in Clifton. He also served as the diocesan chancellor, and in that capacity, was elected diocesan administrator by the College of Consultors upon Casey's death in June 1977.
Bishop of Paterson
On December 5, 1977, Pope Paul VI appointed Rodimer the sixth bishop of the Diocese Paterson, the first native-born bishop in the diocese. He was consecrated bishop on February 28, 1978, with Archbishop Peter Gerety as principal consecrator, and Archbishops Joseph Bernardin and Peter Poreku Dery serving as co-consecrators.
As bishop, Rodimer wrote a weekly column for the diocesan newspaper, The Beacon. He also established a $7 million diocesan endowment to support Catholic schools, parishes and other diocesan ministries through fund raising. With corporate leaders, Rodimer established the Tri-County Scholarship fund to provide scholarships to needy students attending Catholic schools. During his tenure, Rodimer made public his opposition to capital punishment and to permanent replacements for striking workers.Although he once declared, "I fear for a society which deplores but does little or nothing to address the horrible daily realities which many of our children face", Rodimer admitted his "own inadequacy" in failing to prevent at least four of his clerical colleagues, with whom he shared a Long Island beach house, from committing sexual abuse.
Retirement and legacy
Rodimer retired as Bishop on June 1, 2004, after twenty-six years of service. A 2020 report revealed that a Diocese of Paterson priest had informed Rodimer in the late 1980s of allegations that former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick had sexually abused boys at his beach house and that Rodimer had responded that he would contact U.S. representatives of the Vatican.Frank Rodimer died on December 6, 2018 at his residence in St. Joseph’s Home for the Elderly in Totowa, New Jersey, aged 91.
See also
References
External links
Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson Official Site
USCCB - Press Release
== Episcopal succession == | religion or worldview | {
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Frank Joseph Rodimer (October 25, 1927 – December 6, 2018) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as the sixth bishop of the Diocese of Paterson in New Jersey from 1977 to 2004.
Biography
Early life
Frank Rodimer was born on October 25, 1927, in Rockaway, New Jersey. He graduated from Seton Hall Preparatory School, then attended St. Charles College in Catonsville, Maryland and St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, Maryland.
Priesthood
Rodimer was ordained to the priesthood for the Diocese of Paterson on May 19, 1951. He studied at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., obtaining his licentiate in theology in 1951. He also received a doctorate in canon law in 1954 for a thesis entitled The Canonical Effects of Infamy of Fact: A Historical Synopsis and Commentary, published by the Catholic University of America Press.
In June 1954, Rodimer returned to New Jersey and was appointed assistant chancellor of the diocese and secretary of the diocesan Tribunal. During this time, he served as assistant pastor to St. Brendan's Parish in Clifton, New Jersey.Rodimer was appointed first diocesan director of sacred liturgy. He was named priest-secretary of Bishop James J. Navagh and attended the sessions of the Second Vatican Council as Navagh's principal aide. In December 1964, he was appointed secretary of the diocesan College of Consultors. As priest-secretary, Rodimer was in Rome when Bishop Navagh died there in October 1965, and was responsible for returning to New Jersey with the body of the bishop for burial services.
Under his predecessor Bishop Lawrence B. Casey, Rodimer served as administrator of Our Lady of the Lake Parish in Sparta, New Jersey, from April 1967 to January 1968, at which time he became pastor of St. Paul's Parish in Clifton. He also served as the diocesan chancellor, and in that capacity, was elected diocesan administrator by the College of Consultors upon Casey's death in June 1977.
Bishop of Paterson
On December 5, 1977, Pope Paul VI appointed Rodimer the sixth bishop of the Diocese Paterson, the first native-born bishop in the diocese. He was consecrated bishop on February 28, 1978, with Archbishop Peter Gerety as principal consecrator, and Archbishops Joseph Bernardin and Peter Poreku Dery serving as co-consecrators.
As bishop, Rodimer wrote a weekly column for the diocesan newspaper, The Beacon. He also established a $7 million diocesan endowment to support Catholic schools, parishes and other diocesan ministries through fund raising. With corporate leaders, Rodimer established the Tri-County Scholarship fund to provide scholarships to needy students attending Catholic schools. During his tenure, Rodimer made public his opposition to capital punishment and to permanent replacements for striking workers.Although he once declared, "I fear for a society which deplores but does little or nothing to address the horrible daily realities which many of our children face", Rodimer admitted his "own inadequacy" in failing to prevent at least four of his clerical colleagues, with whom he shared a Long Island beach house, from committing sexual abuse.
Retirement and legacy
Rodimer retired as Bishop on June 1, 2004, after twenty-six years of service. A 2020 report revealed that a Diocese of Paterson priest had informed Rodimer in the late 1980s of allegations that former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick had sexually abused boys at his beach house and that Rodimer had responded that he would contact U.S. representatives of the Vatican.Frank Rodimer died on December 6, 2018 at his residence in St. Joseph’s Home for the Elderly in Totowa, New Jersey, aged 91.
See also
References
External links
Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson Official Site
USCCB - Press Release
== Episcopal succession == | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Frank"
]
} |
Frank Joseph Rodimer (October 25, 1927 – December 6, 2018) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as the sixth bishop of the Diocese of Paterson in New Jersey from 1977 to 2004.
Biography
Early life
Frank Rodimer was born on October 25, 1927, in Rockaway, New Jersey. He graduated from Seton Hall Preparatory School, then attended St. Charles College in Catonsville, Maryland and St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, Maryland.
Priesthood
Rodimer was ordained to the priesthood for the Diocese of Paterson on May 19, 1951. He studied at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., obtaining his licentiate in theology in 1951. He also received a doctorate in canon law in 1954 for a thesis entitled The Canonical Effects of Infamy of Fact: A Historical Synopsis and Commentary, published by the Catholic University of America Press.
In June 1954, Rodimer returned to New Jersey and was appointed assistant chancellor of the diocese and secretary of the diocesan Tribunal. During this time, he served as assistant pastor to St. Brendan's Parish in Clifton, New Jersey.Rodimer was appointed first diocesan director of sacred liturgy. He was named priest-secretary of Bishop James J. Navagh and attended the sessions of the Second Vatican Council as Navagh's principal aide. In December 1964, he was appointed secretary of the diocesan College of Consultors. As priest-secretary, Rodimer was in Rome when Bishop Navagh died there in October 1965, and was responsible for returning to New Jersey with the body of the bishop for burial services.
Under his predecessor Bishop Lawrence B. Casey, Rodimer served as administrator of Our Lady of the Lake Parish in Sparta, New Jersey, from April 1967 to January 1968, at which time he became pastor of St. Paul's Parish in Clifton. He also served as the diocesan chancellor, and in that capacity, was elected diocesan administrator by the College of Consultors upon Casey's death in June 1977.
Bishop of Paterson
On December 5, 1977, Pope Paul VI appointed Rodimer the sixth bishop of the Diocese Paterson, the first native-born bishop in the diocese. He was consecrated bishop on February 28, 1978, with Archbishop Peter Gerety as principal consecrator, and Archbishops Joseph Bernardin and Peter Poreku Dery serving as co-consecrators.
As bishop, Rodimer wrote a weekly column for the diocesan newspaper, The Beacon. He also established a $7 million diocesan endowment to support Catholic schools, parishes and other diocesan ministries through fund raising. With corporate leaders, Rodimer established the Tri-County Scholarship fund to provide scholarships to needy students attending Catholic schools. During his tenure, Rodimer made public his opposition to capital punishment and to permanent replacements for striking workers.Although he once declared, "I fear for a society which deplores but does little or nothing to address the horrible daily realities which many of our children face", Rodimer admitted his "own inadequacy" in failing to prevent at least four of his clerical colleagues, with whom he shared a Long Island beach house, from committing sexual abuse.
Retirement and legacy
Rodimer retired as Bishop on June 1, 2004, after twenty-six years of service. A 2020 report revealed that a Diocese of Paterson priest had informed Rodimer in the late 1980s of allegations that former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick had sexually abused boys at his beach house and that Rodimer had responded that he would contact U.S. representatives of the Vatican.Frank Rodimer died on December 6, 2018 at his residence in St. Joseph’s Home for the Elderly in Totowa, New Jersey, aged 91.
See also
References
External links
Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson Official Site
USCCB - Press Release
== Episcopal succession == | consecrator | {
"answer_start": [
2264
],
"text": [
"Peter Poreku Dery"
]
} |
David P. Ballou is a professor emeritus of biological chemistry at the University of Michigan Medical School in the United States. He is best known for his development of rapid-reaction techniques, including stopped flow and rapid freeze-quench EPR methods, as tools to study the mechanisms of enzymes containing flavin, iron, cobalamin, or pyridoxal phosphate cofactors. Many of these studies were performed in collaboration with other scientists, most often with colleagues at Michigan.
Biography
David Ballou grew up in Connecticut. He received a B.S. in chemistry from Antioch College in 1965. In 1971, he received a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan under the supervision of Graham Palmer. From 1971-1972, he was a postdoctoral fellow with Vincent Massey and Minor J. Coon at the University of Michigan. He has been a faculty member in the Department of Biological Chemistry at the University of Michigan Medical School since 1972.
In 2007, Ballou became a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in recognition of his discovery of enzyme intermediates that are involved in biological oxidation reactions. His most cited paper, l, "Oxidative Protein Folding Is Driven by the Electron Transport System", has been cited 311 times according to Google Scholar, and he has contributed to 25 papers having more than 0100 citations each.
Books
Fundamental Laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and Biotechnology (2nd Ed) (2009) by Alexander J. Ninfa, David P. Ballou, and Marilee Benore. Published by Wiley (ISBN 978-0470087664).
References
External links
Ballou et al publications on Pubmed
David Ballou's page at the University of Michigan Medical School archived from the original. | educated at | {
"answer_start": [
574
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"Antioch College"
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David P. Ballou is a professor emeritus of biological chemistry at the University of Michigan Medical School in the United States. He is best known for his development of rapid-reaction techniques, including stopped flow and rapid freeze-quench EPR methods, as tools to study the mechanisms of enzymes containing flavin, iron, cobalamin, or pyridoxal phosphate cofactors. Many of these studies were performed in collaboration with other scientists, most often with colleagues at Michigan.
Biography
David Ballou grew up in Connecticut. He received a B.S. in chemistry from Antioch College in 1965. In 1971, he received a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan under the supervision of Graham Palmer. From 1971-1972, he was a postdoctoral fellow with Vincent Massey and Minor J. Coon at the University of Michigan. He has been a faculty member in the Department of Biological Chemistry at the University of Michigan Medical School since 1972.
In 2007, Ballou became a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in recognition of his discovery of enzyme intermediates that are involved in biological oxidation reactions. His most cited paper, l, "Oxidative Protein Folding Is Driven by the Electron Transport System", has been cited 311 times according to Google Scholar, and he has contributed to 25 papers having more than 0100 citations each.
Books
Fundamental Laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and Biotechnology (2nd Ed) (2009) by Alexander J. Ninfa, David P. Ballou, and Marilee Benore. Published by Wiley (ISBN 978-0470087664).
References
External links
Ballou et al publications on Pubmed
David Ballou's page at the University of Michigan Medical School archived from the original. | employer | {
"answer_start": [
71
],
"text": [
"University of Michigan"
]
} |
David P. Ballou is a professor emeritus of biological chemistry at the University of Michigan Medical School in the United States. He is best known for his development of rapid-reaction techniques, including stopped flow and rapid freeze-quench EPR methods, as tools to study the mechanisms of enzymes containing flavin, iron, cobalamin, or pyridoxal phosphate cofactors. Many of these studies were performed in collaboration with other scientists, most often with colleagues at Michigan.
Biography
David Ballou grew up in Connecticut. He received a B.S. in chemistry from Antioch College in 1965. In 1971, he received a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan under the supervision of Graham Palmer. From 1971-1972, he was a postdoctoral fellow with Vincent Massey and Minor J. Coon at the University of Michigan. He has been a faculty member in the Department of Biological Chemistry at the University of Michigan Medical School since 1972.
In 2007, Ballou became a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in recognition of his discovery of enzyme intermediates that are involved in biological oxidation reactions. His most cited paper, l, "Oxidative Protein Folding Is Driven by the Electron Transport System", has been cited 311 times according to Google Scholar, and he has contributed to 25 papers having more than 0100 citations each.
Books
Fundamental Laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and Biotechnology (2nd Ed) (2009) by Alexander J. Ninfa, David P. Ballou, and Marilee Benore. Published by Wiley (ISBN 978-0470087664).
References
External links
Ballou et al publications on Pubmed
David Ballou's page at the University of Michigan Medical School archived from the original. | award received | {
"answer_start": [
967
],
"text": [
"Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science"
]
} |
David P. Ballou is a professor emeritus of biological chemistry at the University of Michigan Medical School in the United States. He is best known for his development of rapid-reaction techniques, including stopped flow and rapid freeze-quench EPR methods, as tools to study the mechanisms of enzymes containing flavin, iron, cobalamin, or pyridoxal phosphate cofactors. Many of these studies were performed in collaboration with other scientists, most often with colleagues at Michigan.
Biography
David Ballou grew up in Connecticut. He received a B.S. in chemistry from Antioch College in 1965. In 1971, he received a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan under the supervision of Graham Palmer. From 1971-1972, he was a postdoctoral fellow with Vincent Massey and Minor J. Coon at the University of Michigan. He has been a faculty member in the Department of Biological Chemistry at the University of Michigan Medical School since 1972.
In 2007, Ballou became a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in recognition of his discovery of enzyme intermediates that are involved in biological oxidation reactions. His most cited paper, l, "Oxidative Protein Folding Is Driven by the Electron Transport System", has been cited 311 times according to Google Scholar, and he has contributed to 25 papers having more than 0100 citations each.
Books
Fundamental Laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and Biotechnology (2nd Ed) (2009) by Alexander J. Ninfa, David P. Ballou, and Marilee Benore. Published by Wiley (ISBN 978-0470087664).
References
External links
Ballou et al publications on Pubmed
David Ballou's page at the University of Michigan Medical School archived from the original. | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"David"
]
} |
Mr. Cinema also known as Call Me Left (老港正傳) is a 2007 Hong Kong film starring Anthony Wong, Teresa Mo, Ronald Cheng and Karen Mok.
Plot
The story is about a pro-communist leftist Zhou Heung-Kong (Anthony Wong) who grew up in the pre-1997 British colony of Hong Kong starting from the 1950s. He lives with his wife Ying (Teresa Mo) who mostly raises the family by herself. Zhou has fantasies of going to Tiananmen Square, but has always been too poor to do so. They eventually find themselves in a HK transferred over to the People's Republic of China. In the end Zhou realised he sacrificed everything for the communist cause, and his family is left with nothing.
Cast
Anthony Wong as Zo Heung Kong
Teresa Mo as Chan Sau-ying
Ronald Cheng as Zo Chong
Karen Mok as Luk Min
Paw Hee-Ching as Lee Choi-ha
John Shum as Luk Yau
Production note
The film has been criticised for its "selective history" for covering a long period of HK's history, but does not mention the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests. The Hong Kong 1967 Leftist Riots was only covered briefly, and China's support for its HK-based loyalists is never addressed. The name of Anthony Wong's character Zhou Heung Kong is pronounced similar to "Left(ist) Hong Kong".
Critical reception
The film received mixed reviews. One of them, by Vivienne Chow of Muse magazine, applauded Chiu for 'initiating the idea of telling a Hong Kong story from the perspective of the leftists for the first time,' but deemed the movie 'ultimately overambitious'.
See also
The True Story of Ah Q
References
External links
Mr. Cinema at IMDb | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
65
],
"text": [
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]
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Mr. Cinema also known as Call Me Left (老港正傳) is a 2007 Hong Kong film starring Anthony Wong, Teresa Mo, Ronald Cheng and Karen Mok.
Plot
The story is about a pro-communist leftist Zhou Heung-Kong (Anthony Wong) who grew up in the pre-1997 British colony of Hong Kong starting from the 1950s. He lives with his wife Ying (Teresa Mo) who mostly raises the family by herself. Zhou has fantasies of going to Tiananmen Square, but has always been too poor to do so. They eventually find themselves in a HK transferred over to the People's Republic of China. In the end Zhou realised he sacrificed everything for the communist cause, and his family is left with nothing.
Cast
Anthony Wong as Zo Heung Kong
Teresa Mo as Chan Sau-ying
Ronald Cheng as Zo Chong
Karen Mok as Luk Min
Paw Hee-Ching as Lee Choi-ha
John Shum as Luk Yau
Production note
The film has been criticised for its "selective history" for covering a long period of HK's history, but does not mention the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests. The Hong Kong 1967 Leftist Riots was only covered briefly, and China's support for its HK-based loyalists is never addressed. The name of Anthony Wong's character Zhou Heung Kong is pronounced similar to "Left(ist) Hong Kong".
Critical reception
The film received mixed reviews. One of them, by Vivienne Chow of Muse magazine, applauded Chiu for 'initiating the idea of telling a Hong Kong story from the perspective of the leftists for the first time,' but deemed the movie 'ultimately overambitious'.
See also
The True Story of Ah Q
References
External links
Mr. Cinema at IMDb | cast member | {
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"Anthony Wong"
]
} |
Mr. Cinema also known as Call Me Left (老港正傳) is a 2007 Hong Kong film starring Anthony Wong, Teresa Mo, Ronald Cheng and Karen Mok.
Plot
The story is about a pro-communist leftist Zhou Heung-Kong (Anthony Wong) who grew up in the pre-1997 British colony of Hong Kong starting from the 1950s. He lives with his wife Ying (Teresa Mo) who mostly raises the family by herself. Zhou has fantasies of going to Tiananmen Square, but has always been too poor to do so. They eventually find themselves in a HK transferred over to the People's Republic of China. In the end Zhou realised he sacrificed everything for the communist cause, and his family is left with nothing.
Cast
Anthony Wong as Zo Heung Kong
Teresa Mo as Chan Sau-ying
Ronald Cheng as Zo Chong
Karen Mok as Luk Min
Paw Hee-Ching as Lee Choi-ha
John Shum as Luk Yau
Production note
The film has been criticised for its "selective history" for covering a long period of HK's history, but does not mention the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests. The Hong Kong 1967 Leftist Riots was only covered briefly, and China's support for its HK-based loyalists is never addressed. The name of Anthony Wong's character Zhou Heung Kong is pronounced similar to "Left(ist) Hong Kong".
Critical reception
The film received mixed reviews. One of them, by Vivienne Chow of Muse magazine, applauded Chiu for 'initiating the idea of telling a Hong Kong story from the perspective of the leftists for the first time,' but deemed the movie 'ultimately overambitious'.
See also
The True Story of Ah Q
References
External links
Mr. Cinema at IMDb | country of origin | {
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"Hong Kong"
]
} |
Zlá krev (Evil blood) is a Czechoslovak television historical mini-series which was first broadcast in 1986. The programme was directed by František Filip. The story is based on five books written by Vladimír Neff: "Sňatky z rozumu" (Marriages of convenience), "Císařské fialky" (Imperial violets), "Zlá krev" (Evil blood), "Veselá vdova" (Merry Widow) and "Královský vozataj" (Royal charioteer) – all creating the family saga and loosely telling the story of the ancestors of Neff family through the 19th century.
References
External links
CSFD.cz – Zlá krev
Zlá krev at IMDb | director | {
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"František Filip"
]
} |
Zlá krev (Evil blood) is a Czechoslovak television historical mini-series which was first broadcast in 1986. The programme was directed by František Filip. The story is based on five books written by Vladimír Neff: "Sňatky z rozumu" (Marriages of convenience), "Císařské fialky" (Imperial violets), "Zlá krev" (Evil blood), "Veselá vdova" (Merry Widow) and "Královský vozataj" (Royal charioteer) – all creating the family saga and loosely telling the story of the ancestors of Neff family through the 19th century.
References
External links
CSFD.cz – Zlá krev
Zlá krev at IMDb | cast member | {
"answer_start": [
200
],
"text": [
"Vladimír Neff"
]
} |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Otoe County, Nebraska.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Otoe County, Nebraska, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.There are 27 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark. Another two properties that were once listed have been removed.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted May 26, 2023.
Current listings
Former listing
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Nebraska
National Register of Historic Places listings in Nebraska
== References == | is a list of | {
"answer_start": [
22
],
"text": [
"National Register of Historic Places"
]
} |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Otoe County, Nebraska.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Otoe County, Nebraska, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.There are 27 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark. Another two properties that were once listed have been removed.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted May 26, 2023.
Current listings
Former listing
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Nebraska
National Register of Historic Places listings in Nebraska
== References == | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"National Register of Historic Places in Otoe County, Nebraska"
]
} |
Peenehagen is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It was formed on 1 January 2012 by the merger of the former municipalities Groß Gievitz, Hinrichshagen and Lansen-Schönau.
Peenehagen has a population of 1,067 and covers a total area of 5,456.89 hectare.
== References == | country | {
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"Germany"
]
} |
Peenehagen is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It was formed on 1 January 2012 by the merger of the former municipalities Groß Gievitz, Hinrichshagen and Lansen-Schönau.
Peenehagen has a population of 1,067 and covers a total area of 5,456.89 hectare.
== References == | named after | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Peene"
]
} |
Peenehagen is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It was formed on 1 January 2012 by the merger of the former municipalities Groß Gievitz, Hinrichshagen and Lansen-Schönau.
Peenehagen has a population of 1,067 and covers a total area of 5,456.89 hectare.
== References == | follows | {
"answer_start": [
201
],
"text": [
"Hinrichshagen"
]
} |
Peenehagen is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It was formed on 1 January 2012 by the merger of the former municipalities Groß Gievitz, Hinrichshagen and Lansen-Schönau.
Peenehagen has a population of 1,067 and covers a total area of 5,456.89 hectare.
== References == | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Peenehagen"
]
} |
Peenehagen is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It was formed on 1 January 2012 by the merger of the former municipalities Groß Gievitz, Hinrichshagen and Lansen-Schönau.
Peenehagen has a population of 1,067 and covers a total area of 5,456.89 hectare.
== References == | replaces | {
"answer_start": [
201
],
"text": [
"Hinrichshagen"
]
} |
Quoit may refer to:
Quoit, a single-chambered megalithic tomb, also called a Dolmen
Quoit (brooch), a pre-medieval type of brooch
A ring used in the game of quoits
Chakram, a weapon sometimes called a war-quoit
Quoit, Cornwall, a location in England
Quoit Green, a location in Derbyshire, England
See also
Coit (disambiguation)
Koit (disambiguation) | subclass of | {
"answer_start": [
92
],
"text": [
"brooch"
]
} |
Quoit may refer to:
Quoit, a single-chambered megalithic tomb, also called a Dolmen
Quoit (brooch), a pre-medieval type of brooch
A ring used in the game of quoits
Chakram, a weapon sometimes called a war-quoit
Quoit, Cornwall, a location in England
Quoit Green, a location in Derbyshire, England
See also
Coit (disambiguation)
Koit (disambiguation) | historic county | {
"answer_start": [
219
],
"text": [
"Cornwall"
]
} |
Gary Richard is a former defensive back in the National Football League (NFL).
Biography
Richard was born Gary Ross Richard on October 9, 1965 in Denver, Colorado.
Career
Richard was drafted in the seventh round of the 1988 NFL Draft by the Green Bay Packers and spent that season with the team. He played at the collegiate level at the University of Pittsburgh.
See also
List of Green Bay Packers players
== References == | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
147
],
"text": [
"Denver"
]
} |
Gary Richard is a former defensive back in the National Football League (NFL).
Biography
Richard was born Gary Ross Richard on October 9, 1965 in Denver, Colorado.
Career
Richard was drafted in the seventh round of the 1988 NFL Draft by the Green Bay Packers and spent that season with the team. He played at the collegiate level at the University of Pittsburgh.
See also
List of Green Bay Packers players
== References == | member of sports team | {
"answer_start": [
243
],
"text": [
"Green Bay Packers"
]
} |
Gary Richard is a former defensive back in the National Football League (NFL).
Biography
Richard was born Gary Ross Richard on October 9, 1965 in Denver, Colorado.
Career
Richard was drafted in the seventh round of the 1988 NFL Draft by the Green Bay Packers and spent that season with the team. He played at the collegiate level at the University of Pittsburgh.
See also
List of Green Bay Packers players
== References == | educated at | {
"answer_start": [
339
],
"text": [
"University of Pittsburgh"
]
} |
Gary Richard is a former defensive back in the National Football League (NFL).
Biography
Richard was born Gary Ross Richard on October 9, 1965 in Denver, Colorado.
Career
Richard was drafted in the seventh round of the 1988 NFL Draft by the Green Bay Packers and spent that season with the team. He played at the collegiate level at the University of Pittsburgh.
See also
List of Green Bay Packers players
== References == | family name | {
"answer_start": [
5
],
"text": [
"Richard"
]
} |
Gary Richard is a former defensive back in the National Football League (NFL).
Biography
Richard was born Gary Ross Richard on October 9, 1965 in Denver, Colorado.
Career
Richard was drafted in the seventh round of the 1988 NFL Draft by the Green Bay Packers and spent that season with the team. He played at the collegiate level at the University of Pittsburgh.
See also
List of Green Bay Packers players
== References == | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Gary"
]
} |
Renée Jeanne Falconetti (21 July 1892 – 12 December 1946), sometimes credited as Maria Falconetti, Marie Falconetti, Renée Maria Falconetti, or simply Falconetti, was a French stage and film actress, notable for her acclaimed role as Joan of Arc in Carl Theodor Dreyer's 1928 silent The Passion of Joan of Arc and subsequent mysterious and enigmatic death. There is little recorded information about her life and career on the internet, and a lot of the information that is out there is contradictory.
Early life and career
Born in Pantin, Seine-Saint-Denis, Falconetti grew up poor and was schooled by nuns who didn't support any acting ambitions. Despite this, she became a stage actress in Paris by entertaining soldiers during World War I. She really made a name for herself in the early 1920s, mainly playing roles in light comedies and musicals.
The Passion of Joan of Arc
When Carl Th. Dreyer discovered Falconetti in an amateur theatre production of La Garçonne and selected her for the lead role in his upcoming production La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc, she was already a celebrated stage artist at 35 years old. Her portrayal is widely considered one of the more astonishing performances committed to film, and it remained her final cinematic role. Whether or not this is her first film credit is a topic of debate, as some claim that she had two previous film credits, though a supposed interview with Falconetti sees her claim that La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc is her first film role after a few "test pictures."Many writers have claimed that Falconetti's performance was the result of extreme cruelty at the hands of Dreyer, a notoriously demanding director who pushed her to the brink of emotional collapse. For example, film critic Roger Ebert writes:
For Falconetti, the performance was an ordeal. Legends from the set tell of Dreyer forcing her to kneel painfully on stone and then wipe all expression from her face – so that the viewer would read suppressed or inner pain. He filmed the same shots again and again, hoping that in the editing room he could find exactly the right nuance in her facial expression.
However, in their biography of Dreyer, Jean and Dale Drum say that these stories are based only on rumour and that "there is no evidence that Dreyer could be called a sadist". They quote onlookers who described Dreyer's working relationship with Falconetti: Initially in the production process, "Dreyer and Falconetti would watch the rushes of a single scene together, seven or eight times, until Dreyer could pick out a little bit, maybe a few feet, where the effect was what they wanted, and when they reshot the scene, she could play it without the least inhibition. Just those few feet of film had inspired her." Later, Falconetti became able to play scenes only from Dreyer's explanations, without the need even for rehearsal.
Subsequent career and death
After filming Joan of Arc, Falconetti continued with her career as a producer of light stage comedies, appearing with the Comédie-Française. During World War II, she escaped from France first to Switzerland, Brazil, and then left for Buenos Aires, Argentina.Falconetti had suffered from mental illness all her life, and in 1946 she died in Buenos Aires, Argentina, an apparent suicide, by a self-imposed restrictive diet after having become significantly overweight. Her remains are interred at Montmartre Cemetery in Paris, section 16 (her grave site is not listed on official maps). Her grandson Gérard Falconetti also became an actor.
Filmography
References
External links
Maria Falconetti at IMDb
Warren Boroson collection of Renée Falconetti material, 1962, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
533
],
"text": [
"Pantin"
]
} |
Renée Jeanne Falconetti (21 July 1892 – 12 December 1946), sometimes credited as Maria Falconetti, Marie Falconetti, Renée Maria Falconetti, or simply Falconetti, was a French stage and film actress, notable for her acclaimed role as Joan of Arc in Carl Theodor Dreyer's 1928 silent The Passion of Joan of Arc and subsequent mysterious and enigmatic death. There is little recorded information about her life and career on the internet, and a lot of the information that is out there is contradictory.
Early life and career
Born in Pantin, Seine-Saint-Denis, Falconetti grew up poor and was schooled by nuns who didn't support any acting ambitions. Despite this, she became a stage actress in Paris by entertaining soldiers during World War I. She really made a name for herself in the early 1920s, mainly playing roles in light comedies and musicals.
The Passion of Joan of Arc
When Carl Th. Dreyer discovered Falconetti in an amateur theatre production of La Garçonne and selected her for the lead role in his upcoming production La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc, she was already a celebrated stage artist at 35 years old. Her portrayal is widely considered one of the more astonishing performances committed to film, and it remained her final cinematic role. Whether or not this is her first film credit is a topic of debate, as some claim that she had two previous film credits, though a supposed interview with Falconetti sees her claim that La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc is her first film role after a few "test pictures."Many writers have claimed that Falconetti's performance was the result of extreme cruelty at the hands of Dreyer, a notoriously demanding director who pushed her to the brink of emotional collapse. For example, film critic Roger Ebert writes:
For Falconetti, the performance was an ordeal. Legends from the set tell of Dreyer forcing her to kneel painfully on stone and then wipe all expression from her face – so that the viewer would read suppressed or inner pain. He filmed the same shots again and again, hoping that in the editing room he could find exactly the right nuance in her facial expression.
However, in their biography of Dreyer, Jean and Dale Drum say that these stories are based only on rumour and that "there is no evidence that Dreyer could be called a sadist". They quote onlookers who described Dreyer's working relationship with Falconetti: Initially in the production process, "Dreyer and Falconetti would watch the rushes of a single scene together, seven or eight times, until Dreyer could pick out a little bit, maybe a few feet, where the effect was what they wanted, and when they reshot the scene, she could play it without the least inhibition. Just those few feet of film had inspired her." Later, Falconetti became able to play scenes only from Dreyer's explanations, without the need even for rehearsal.
Subsequent career and death
After filming Joan of Arc, Falconetti continued with her career as a producer of light stage comedies, appearing with the Comédie-Française. During World War II, she escaped from France first to Switzerland, Brazil, and then left for Buenos Aires, Argentina.Falconetti had suffered from mental illness all her life, and in 1946 she died in Buenos Aires, Argentina, an apparent suicide, by a self-imposed restrictive diet after having become significantly overweight. Her remains are interred at Montmartre Cemetery in Paris, section 16 (her grave site is not listed on official maps). Her grandson Gérard Falconetti also became an actor.
Filmography
References
External links
Maria Falconetti at IMDb
Warren Boroson collection of Renée Falconetti material, 1962, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts | place of death | {
"answer_start": [
3125
],
"text": [
"Buenos Aires"
]
} |
Renée Jeanne Falconetti (21 July 1892 – 12 December 1946), sometimes credited as Maria Falconetti, Marie Falconetti, Renée Maria Falconetti, or simply Falconetti, was a French stage and film actress, notable for her acclaimed role as Joan of Arc in Carl Theodor Dreyer's 1928 silent The Passion of Joan of Arc and subsequent mysterious and enigmatic death. There is little recorded information about her life and career on the internet, and a lot of the information that is out there is contradictory.
Early life and career
Born in Pantin, Seine-Saint-Denis, Falconetti grew up poor and was schooled by nuns who didn't support any acting ambitions. Despite this, she became a stage actress in Paris by entertaining soldiers during World War I. She really made a name for herself in the early 1920s, mainly playing roles in light comedies and musicals.
The Passion of Joan of Arc
When Carl Th. Dreyer discovered Falconetti in an amateur theatre production of La Garçonne and selected her for the lead role in his upcoming production La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc, she was already a celebrated stage artist at 35 years old. Her portrayal is widely considered one of the more astonishing performances committed to film, and it remained her final cinematic role. Whether or not this is her first film credit is a topic of debate, as some claim that she had two previous film credits, though a supposed interview with Falconetti sees her claim that La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc is her first film role after a few "test pictures."Many writers have claimed that Falconetti's performance was the result of extreme cruelty at the hands of Dreyer, a notoriously demanding director who pushed her to the brink of emotional collapse. For example, film critic Roger Ebert writes:
For Falconetti, the performance was an ordeal. Legends from the set tell of Dreyer forcing her to kneel painfully on stone and then wipe all expression from her face – so that the viewer would read suppressed or inner pain. He filmed the same shots again and again, hoping that in the editing room he could find exactly the right nuance in her facial expression.
However, in their biography of Dreyer, Jean and Dale Drum say that these stories are based only on rumour and that "there is no evidence that Dreyer could be called a sadist". They quote onlookers who described Dreyer's working relationship with Falconetti: Initially in the production process, "Dreyer and Falconetti would watch the rushes of a single scene together, seven or eight times, until Dreyer could pick out a little bit, maybe a few feet, where the effect was what they wanted, and when they reshot the scene, she could play it without the least inhibition. Just those few feet of film had inspired her." Later, Falconetti became able to play scenes only from Dreyer's explanations, without the need even for rehearsal.
Subsequent career and death
After filming Joan of Arc, Falconetti continued with her career as a producer of light stage comedies, appearing with the Comédie-Française. During World War II, she escaped from France first to Switzerland, Brazil, and then left for Buenos Aires, Argentina.Falconetti had suffered from mental illness all her life, and in 1946 she died in Buenos Aires, Argentina, an apparent suicide, by a self-imposed restrictive diet after having become significantly overweight. Her remains are interred at Montmartre Cemetery in Paris, section 16 (her grave site is not listed on official maps). Her grandson Gérard Falconetti also became an actor.
Filmography
References
External links
Maria Falconetti at IMDb
Warren Boroson collection of Renée Falconetti material, 1962, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts | country of citizenship | {
"answer_start": [
3070
],
"text": [
"France"
]
} |
Renée Jeanne Falconetti (21 July 1892 – 12 December 1946), sometimes credited as Maria Falconetti, Marie Falconetti, Renée Maria Falconetti, or simply Falconetti, was a French stage and film actress, notable for her acclaimed role as Joan of Arc in Carl Theodor Dreyer's 1928 silent The Passion of Joan of Arc and subsequent mysterious and enigmatic death. There is little recorded information about her life and career on the internet, and a lot of the information that is out there is contradictory.
Early life and career
Born in Pantin, Seine-Saint-Denis, Falconetti grew up poor and was schooled by nuns who didn't support any acting ambitions. Despite this, she became a stage actress in Paris by entertaining soldiers during World War I. She really made a name for herself in the early 1920s, mainly playing roles in light comedies and musicals.
The Passion of Joan of Arc
When Carl Th. Dreyer discovered Falconetti in an amateur theatre production of La Garçonne and selected her for the lead role in his upcoming production La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc, she was already a celebrated stage artist at 35 years old. Her portrayal is widely considered one of the more astonishing performances committed to film, and it remained her final cinematic role. Whether or not this is her first film credit is a topic of debate, as some claim that she had two previous film credits, though a supposed interview with Falconetti sees her claim that La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc is her first film role after a few "test pictures."Many writers have claimed that Falconetti's performance was the result of extreme cruelty at the hands of Dreyer, a notoriously demanding director who pushed her to the brink of emotional collapse. For example, film critic Roger Ebert writes:
For Falconetti, the performance was an ordeal. Legends from the set tell of Dreyer forcing her to kneel painfully on stone and then wipe all expression from her face – so that the viewer would read suppressed or inner pain. He filmed the same shots again and again, hoping that in the editing room he could find exactly the right nuance in her facial expression.
However, in their biography of Dreyer, Jean and Dale Drum say that these stories are based only on rumour and that "there is no evidence that Dreyer could be called a sadist". They quote onlookers who described Dreyer's working relationship with Falconetti: Initially in the production process, "Dreyer and Falconetti would watch the rushes of a single scene together, seven or eight times, until Dreyer could pick out a little bit, maybe a few feet, where the effect was what they wanted, and when they reshot the scene, she could play it without the least inhibition. Just those few feet of film had inspired her." Later, Falconetti became able to play scenes only from Dreyer's explanations, without the need even for rehearsal.
Subsequent career and death
After filming Joan of Arc, Falconetti continued with her career as a producer of light stage comedies, appearing with the Comédie-Française. During World War II, she escaped from France first to Switzerland, Brazil, and then left for Buenos Aires, Argentina.Falconetti had suffered from mental illness all her life, and in 1946 she died in Buenos Aires, Argentina, an apparent suicide, by a self-imposed restrictive diet after having become significantly overweight. Her remains are interred at Montmartre Cemetery in Paris, section 16 (her grave site is not listed on official maps). Her grandson Gérard Falconetti also became an actor.
Filmography
References
External links
Maria Falconetti at IMDb
Warren Boroson collection of Renée Falconetti material, 1962, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
1527
],
"text": [
"writer"
]
} |
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