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Hoobin is an Irish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Henry Hoobin, Canadian lacrosse player
Jack Hoobin, Australian cyclist
Pamela Hoobin, Australian politician
See also
Hoban (surname)
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"Going Bad" is a song by the American rapper Meek Mill featuring the Canadian rapper Drake. It was the first single released from his album Championships (2018) on January 22, 2019, to US urban contemporary radio. The music video was teased in February 2019 and also released that month. The single was Mill's first and Drake's 24th number one single on Billboard's Rhythmic Songs chart in its March 30, 2019, issue.
Music video
On February 6, 2019, a 30-second clip was put on Mill's Instagram page teasing the music video. It was officially released in full on February 7. The video was directed by Kid Art, and has Mill and Drake taking part in lavish activities typically associated with wealthy people. It was released in 2019 during Black History Month. T.I., Nipsey Hussle, Mustard, Swizz Beatz, Shy Glizzy, PnB Rock, J. Prince and YK Osiris are included in the music video, alongside Mill and Drake.
Charts
Certifications
Release history
== References == | instance of | {
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"Going Bad" is a song by the American rapper Meek Mill featuring the Canadian rapper Drake. It was the first single released from his album Championships (2018) on January 22, 2019, to US urban contemporary radio. The music video was teased in February 2019 and also released that month. The single was Mill's first and Drake's 24th number one single on Billboard's Rhythmic Songs chart in its March 30, 2019, issue.
Music video
On February 6, 2019, a 30-second clip was put on Mill's Instagram page teasing the music video. It was officially released in full on February 7. The video was directed by Kid Art, and has Mill and Drake taking part in lavish activities typically associated with wealthy people. It was released in 2019 during Black History Month. T.I., Nipsey Hussle, Mustard, Swizz Beatz, Shy Glizzy, PnB Rock, J. Prince and YK Osiris are included in the music video, alongside Mill and Drake.
Charts
Certifications
Release history
== References == | performer | {
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85
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"Going Bad" is a song by the American rapper Meek Mill featuring the Canadian rapper Drake. It was the first single released from his album Championships (2018) on January 22, 2019, to US urban contemporary radio. The music video was teased in February 2019 and also released that month. The single was Mill's first and Drake's 24th number one single on Billboard's Rhythmic Songs chart in its March 30, 2019, issue.
Music video
On February 6, 2019, a 30-second clip was put on Mill's Instagram page teasing the music video. It was officially released in full on February 7. The video was directed by Kid Art, and has Mill and Drake taking part in lavish activities typically associated with wealthy people. It was released in 2019 during Black History Month. T.I., Nipsey Hussle, Mustard, Swizz Beatz, Shy Glizzy, PnB Rock, J. Prince and YK Osiris are included in the music video, alongside Mill and Drake.
Charts
Certifications
Release history
== References == | part of | {
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Rudgea parquioides is a shrub species that occurs in Brazil, in the Atlantic Forest Biome in the regions Sudeste (in São Paulo state) and Sul (in Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states).
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Rudgea parquioides is a shrub species that occurs in Brazil, in the Atlantic Forest Biome in the regions Sudeste (in São Paulo state) and Sul (in Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states).
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Rudgea parquioides is a shrub species that occurs in Brazil, in the Atlantic Forest Biome in the regions Sudeste (in São Paulo state) and Sul (in Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states).
== References == | taxon name | {
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Rudgea parquioides is a shrub species that occurs in Brazil, in the Atlantic Forest Biome in the regions Sudeste (in São Paulo state) and Sul (in Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states).
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Lehlohonolo Carreca Nonyane (born 7 December 1986) is a South African professional footballer, who currently plays for South African Premier Division club Marumo Gallants as a defender.
== References == | country of citizenship | {
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Lehlohonolo Carreca Nonyane (born 7 December 1986) is a South African professional footballer, who currently plays for South African Premier Division club Marumo Gallants as a defender.
== References == | position played on team / speciality | {
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Promises to Keep may refer to:
Promises to Keep (film), a 1988 documentary film
Promises to Keep (novel), a 1993 novel in the Den of Shadows series
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Promises to Keep (novel), a 1993 novel in the Den of Shadows series
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Promises to Keep may refer to:
Promises to Keep (film), a 1988 documentary film
Promises to Keep (novel), a 1993 novel in the Den of Shadows series
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Promises to Keep may refer to:
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Promises to Keep (novel), a 1993 novel in the Den of Shadows series
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Promises to Keep (film), a 1988 documentary film
Promises to Keep (novel), a 1993 novel in the Den of Shadows series
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Promises to Keep may refer to:
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Promises to Keep (novel), a 1993 novel in the Den of Shadows series
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Promises to Keep (film), a 1988 documentary film
Promises to Keep (novel), a 1993 novel in the Den of Shadows series
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Promises to Keep (film), a 1988 documentary film
Promises to Keep (novel), a 1993 novel in the Den of Shadows series
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Promises to Keep (film), a 1988 documentary film
Promises to Keep (novel), a 1993 novel in the Den of Shadows series
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Achola Pala is a Kenyan anthropologist, sociologist, and women's policy specialist. Born in a small town in western Kenya, Pala completed her education at the University of East Africa and Harvard. She worked as a researcher with the University of Nairobi and later was the head of social science research at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology. Concerned about women's empowerment and the impact of public policies on women, she worked with numerous divisions of the United Nations including UNESCO, UNICEF, the United Nations University, and the World Food Council, before becoming chief of the Africa Section of UNIFEM. She also participated in numerous conferences on women including the 1980, 1985, and 1995 World Conferences on Women. She worked with Esther Jonathan Wandeka to gain governmental support for the 1985 conference held in Nairobi and was instrumental in introducing the peace torch at the 1995 Beijing conference.
Pala was one of the feminist scholars who founded the Association of African Women for Research and Development (AAWORD) in 1977 to promote women's studies and research on African women by African women. She was also a founding member of Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN), created in 1984 to promote cooperation among women academics throughout the Global South. A pioneering intellectual woman of Kenya, she is recognized for encouraging African scholarship. Her research has evaluated the negative impacts public policies have had on women and stressed the importance of allowing women to design policy solutions based their own priorities and cultural traditions. During her tenure as chief of the Africa Section of UNIFEM, she was able to implement a policy which required that in the Kenyan office of the organization, all programs were headed by African women.
Early life and education
Christine Achola Pala was born in Bondo, Kenya, to Agnes (née Polo) and Hosea Pala. Her parents had both attended the Jeanes School in the Kabete neighborhood of Nairobi. Her father was a teacher and her mother worked in development programs. Both were feminists and interested in creating schools and providing technical training skills to improve their community. Her parents encouraged all of their children, including girls, to acquire an education. One of nine siblings, Pala's oldest brother was Francis Otieno Pala, a co-founder of the National Library Service of Kenya. She began her education at the local Emudiemo School, but after two years studied in Butere, where one of her older sisters was a teacher. The family moved to the Seme Constituency of Maseno, Kisumu County, Kenya. In the 1960s, she graduated from the Butere Girls' High School and took A-Level courses at Limuru Girls' High School, before being selected to attend the University of East Africa (now University of Dar es Salaam). During her studies, she worked in the late 1960s as an intern for a Kenyan children's development program.Graduating in 1970, Pala continued her education, earning a master's degree in education from Harvard University. She returned to Kenya in 1973 and took a post as a junior researcher with the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Nairobi. Receiving a Rockefeller Foundation grant, she returned to Harvard, earning a PhD in anthropology. Her thesis Changes in Economy and Ideology: A Study of Joluo of Kenya, with Special Reference to Women was completed in 1977. It evaluated how land reforms requiring property registration had diminished women's ability to make inheritance decisions over cattle and land. According to scholars Wanjiku Mukabi Kabira, Elizabeth Auma, and Brender Akoth, Pala was one of the pioneering "Kenyan women intellectuals". In 1977, she became one of the founders of the Association of African Women for Research and Development (AAWORD), an organization established to promote women's studies and research on African women by African women. She brought the ideas of the women's liberation movement into policy discussions on empowering women and seeking parity through the use of African social and knowledge structures, rather than using Eurocentric lenses. Around the same time she married a diplomat, Michael G. Okeyo, who was part of the Kenyan delegation to the United Nations.
Career
After her graduation, Pala was hired as a liaison officer for the World Conference on the United Nations Decade for Women and in the 1980s presented lectures to women's groups in New York City. She attended the 1980 World Conference on Women in Copenhagen, Denmark, and with other African feminists introduced Afrocentric ideas on women and the environment. While in New York, she also worked as a consultant to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. As a researcher, she worked for the Population Council, a health initiative for the United Nations University's Center for Policy Studies which focuses on reproductive health, HIV/AIDS, and public health issues facing women, children, and the poor. She was a member of the independent experts panel, which advised the World Food Council on reducing malnutrition and hunger. Returning to Kenya, she resumed her post as a research fellow at the University of Nairobi in the area of development policy.Pala and her husband had three children before returning to New York in 1984 for a year, during which she gave lectures on the challenges women faced in developing countries. She attended the development conference held that year in Bangalore, India, which saw the founding of the Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN) with Pala as one of the founding members from Africa. The organization is a network for feminist academics and activists focused on the Global South. When the family returned to Kenya in 1985, she and other feminists pushed the government, which had no ministry to deal with women's issues, to create a women's department within the Ministry of Social Services. Working with Esther Jonathan Wandeka, the newly appointed head of the department, they pressed the government to support hosting the Third World Conference on Women in Nairobi. Although they faced resistance, she and Johnson secured authorization for the conference. In 1986, she became head of social science research at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology. She worked there for five years to interface the center's research to include socio-economic considerations, before becoming the chief of the Africa Section of the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM).Pala had been involved in the pacifist movement since her school days, attending a peace conference in Sweden in 1976. In the 1990s with turmoil in many African countries, she proposed to the director of UNIFEM that they adopt a traditional African custom to promote peace. During the independence movements, of the 1960s, Julius Nyerere had walked an independence torch from Dar es Salaam to Arusha. The journey and torch became a symbol uniting people on its path to the cause. Similarly, Pala promoted using a torch to symbolize women's commitment to peace. The idea was introduced for the 1995 World Conference on Women hosted in Beijing, China. After the conference, she was able to convince UNIFEM to establish an office in Nairobi and adopt a policy under which in Kenya, the UNIFEM programs were to be headed by African women. After retiring from UNIFEM, Pala focused on grassroots women's organizations, which focused on social change and women's empowerment.
Research
Some of her earliest works examined the negative impacts public policies have had on women. One study examined whether women could qualify for government assistance to improve their use of their lands. Because the policy in the Nyanza Province required that 15 acres of land had to be under cultivation, very few women were able to obtain government aid grants as most title registrations were held by men. Further, because the system of registration favored husbands or sons, women's traditional role in distributing land was subverted and resulted in an overall loss of social status for women.Later works dealt with the rights of African feminists to establish their own priorities based upon their own cultural traditions. Noting that those traditions were not stagnant, as they had been shaped by colonialism, Pala recognized that the global resistance traditions in Black society to subjugation were often used by authorities to dehumanize communities and destroy their socio-economic structures. Pala also cautioned against developing policies and frameworks for African women based on the diasporic experiences of people who had been forced to migrate to the Caribbean, Europe, North America, and South America.
See also
List of peace activists
Selected works
Pala, Achola O. (1978). Women's Access to Land and Their Role in Agriculture and Decision-Making on the Farm: Experience of the Joluo of Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi. OCLC 5575159.
Pala, Achola Okeya (May–June 1980). "The Joluo Equation: Land Reform = Lower Status for Women". Ceres. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1 (75): 37–92. ISSN 0009-0379.
Pala Okeyo, Achola (March 1981). "Reflections on Development Myths". Africa Report. New York, New York: Africa-America Institute. 26 (2): 7–10. ISSN 0001-9836.
Prah, Kwesik; Okeya, Achola Pala (December 1989). "The Role of Social Science in Generating Technologies for the Farming Community in Africa". International Journal of Tropical Insect Science. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press. 10 (6): 777–782. doi:10.1017/S1742758400012534. ISSN 1742-7584. OCLC 7996515182.
Pala, Achola O. (1995). Connecting Across Cultures and Continents: Black Women Speak Out on Identity, Race, and Development. New York, New York: United Nations Development Fund for Women. ISBN 978-0-912917-35-1.
Pala, Achola O. (2005). "16. Definitions of Women and Development: An African Perspective". In Oyèwùmí, Oyèrónké (ed.). African Gender Studies: A Reader (1st ed.). New York, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 299–312. ISBN 978-1-4039-6282-9.
References
Citations
=== Bibliography === | country of citizenship | {
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17
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Achola Pala is a Kenyan anthropologist, sociologist, and women's policy specialist. Born in a small town in western Kenya, Pala completed her education at the University of East Africa and Harvard. She worked as a researcher with the University of Nairobi and later was the head of social science research at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology. Concerned about women's empowerment and the impact of public policies on women, she worked with numerous divisions of the United Nations including UNESCO, UNICEF, the United Nations University, and the World Food Council, before becoming chief of the Africa Section of UNIFEM. She also participated in numerous conferences on women including the 1980, 1985, and 1995 World Conferences on Women. She worked with Esther Jonathan Wandeka to gain governmental support for the 1985 conference held in Nairobi and was instrumental in introducing the peace torch at the 1995 Beijing conference.
Pala was one of the feminist scholars who founded the Association of African Women for Research and Development (AAWORD) in 1977 to promote women's studies and research on African women by African women. She was also a founding member of Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN), created in 1984 to promote cooperation among women academics throughout the Global South. A pioneering intellectual woman of Kenya, she is recognized for encouraging African scholarship. Her research has evaluated the negative impacts public policies have had on women and stressed the importance of allowing women to design policy solutions based their own priorities and cultural traditions. During her tenure as chief of the Africa Section of UNIFEM, she was able to implement a policy which required that in the Kenyan office of the organization, all programs were headed by African women.
Early life and education
Christine Achola Pala was born in Bondo, Kenya, to Agnes (née Polo) and Hosea Pala. Her parents had both attended the Jeanes School in the Kabete neighborhood of Nairobi. Her father was a teacher and her mother worked in development programs. Both were feminists and interested in creating schools and providing technical training skills to improve their community. Her parents encouraged all of their children, including girls, to acquire an education. One of nine siblings, Pala's oldest brother was Francis Otieno Pala, a co-founder of the National Library Service of Kenya. She began her education at the local Emudiemo School, but after two years studied in Butere, where one of her older sisters was a teacher. The family moved to the Seme Constituency of Maseno, Kisumu County, Kenya. In the 1960s, she graduated from the Butere Girls' High School and took A-Level courses at Limuru Girls' High School, before being selected to attend the University of East Africa (now University of Dar es Salaam). During her studies, she worked in the late 1960s as an intern for a Kenyan children's development program.Graduating in 1970, Pala continued her education, earning a master's degree in education from Harvard University. She returned to Kenya in 1973 and took a post as a junior researcher with the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Nairobi. Receiving a Rockefeller Foundation grant, she returned to Harvard, earning a PhD in anthropology. Her thesis Changes in Economy and Ideology: A Study of Joluo of Kenya, with Special Reference to Women was completed in 1977. It evaluated how land reforms requiring property registration had diminished women's ability to make inheritance decisions over cattle and land. According to scholars Wanjiku Mukabi Kabira, Elizabeth Auma, and Brender Akoth, Pala was one of the pioneering "Kenyan women intellectuals". In 1977, she became one of the founders of the Association of African Women for Research and Development (AAWORD), an organization established to promote women's studies and research on African women by African women. She brought the ideas of the women's liberation movement into policy discussions on empowering women and seeking parity through the use of African social and knowledge structures, rather than using Eurocentric lenses. Around the same time she married a diplomat, Michael G. Okeyo, who was part of the Kenyan delegation to the United Nations.
Career
After her graduation, Pala was hired as a liaison officer for the World Conference on the United Nations Decade for Women and in the 1980s presented lectures to women's groups in New York City. She attended the 1980 World Conference on Women in Copenhagen, Denmark, and with other African feminists introduced Afrocentric ideas on women and the environment. While in New York, she also worked as a consultant to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. As a researcher, she worked for the Population Council, a health initiative for the United Nations University's Center for Policy Studies which focuses on reproductive health, HIV/AIDS, and public health issues facing women, children, and the poor. She was a member of the independent experts panel, which advised the World Food Council on reducing malnutrition and hunger. Returning to Kenya, she resumed her post as a research fellow at the University of Nairobi in the area of development policy.Pala and her husband had three children before returning to New York in 1984 for a year, during which she gave lectures on the challenges women faced in developing countries. She attended the development conference held that year in Bangalore, India, which saw the founding of the Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN) with Pala as one of the founding members from Africa. The organization is a network for feminist academics and activists focused on the Global South. When the family returned to Kenya in 1985, she and other feminists pushed the government, which had no ministry to deal with women's issues, to create a women's department within the Ministry of Social Services. Working with Esther Jonathan Wandeka, the newly appointed head of the department, they pressed the government to support hosting the Third World Conference on Women in Nairobi. Although they faced resistance, she and Johnson secured authorization for the conference. In 1986, she became head of social science research at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology. She worked there for five years to interface the center's research to include socio-economic considerations, before becoming the chief of the Africa Section of the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM).Pala had been involved in the pacifist movement since her school days, attending a peace conference in Sweden in 1976. In the 1990s with turmoil in many African countries, she proposed to the director of UNIFEM that they adopt a traditional African custom to promote peace. During the independence movements, of the 1960s, Julius Nyerere had walked an independence torch from Dar es Salaam to Arusha. The journey and torch became a symbol uniting people on its path to the cause. Similarly, Pala promoted using a torch to symbolize women's commitment to peace. The idea was introduced for the 1995 World Conference on Women hosted in Beijing, China. After the conference, she was able to convince UNIFEM to establish an office in Nairobi and adopt a policy under which in Kenya, the UNIFEM programs were to be headed by African women. After retiring from UNIFEM, Pala focused on grassroots women's organizations, which focused on social change and women's empowerment.
Research
Some of her earliest works examined the negative impacts public policies have had on women. One study examined whether women could qualify for government assistance to improve their use of their lands. Because the policy in the Nyanza Province required that 15 acres of land had to be under cultivation, very few women were able to obtain government aid grants as most title registrations were held by men. Further, because the system of registration favored husbands or sons, women's traditional role in distributing land was subverted and resulted in an overall loss of social status for women.Later works dealt with the rights of African feminists to establish their own priorities based upon their own cultural traditions. Noting that those traditions were not stagnant, as they had been shaped by colonialism, Pala recognized that the global resistance traditions in Black society to subjugation were often used by authorities to dehumanize communities and destroy their socio-economic structures. Pala also cautioned against developing policies and frameworks for African women based on the diasporic experiences of people who had been forced to migrate to the Caribbean, Europe, North America, and South America.
See also
List of peace activists
Selected works
Pala, Achola O. (1978). Women's Access to Land and Their Role in Agriculture and Decision-Making on the Farm: Experience of the Joluo of Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi. OCLC 5575159.
Pala, Achola Okeya (May–June 1980). "The Joluo Equation: Land Reform = Lower Status for Women". Ceres. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1 (75): 37–92. ISSN 0009-0379.
Pala Okeyo, Achola (March 1981). "Reflections on Development Myths". Africa Report. New York, New York: Africa-America Institute. 26 (2): 7–10. ISSN 0001-9836.
Prah, Kwesik; Okeya, Achola Pala (December 1989). "The Role of Social Science in Generating Technologies for the Farming Community in Africa". International Journal of Tropical Insect Science. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press. 10 (6): 777–782. doi:10.1017/S1742758400012534. ISSN 1742-7584. OCLC 7996515182.
Pala, Achola O. (1995). Connecting Across Cultures and Continents: Black Women Speak Out on Identity, Race, and Development. New York, New York: United Nations Development Fund for Women. ISBN 978-0-912917-35-1.
Pala, Achola O. (2005). "16. Definitions of Women and Development: An African Perspective". In Oyèwùmí, Oyèrónké (ed.). African Gender Studies: A Reader (1st ed.). New York, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 299–312. ISBN 978-1-4039-6282-9.
References
Citations
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Achola Pala is a Kenyan anthropologist, sociologist, and women's policy specialist. Born in a small town in western Kenya, Pala completed her education at the University of East Africa and Harvard. She worked as a researcher with the University of Nairobi and later was the head of social science research at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology. Concerned about women's empowerment and the impact of public policies on women, she worked with numerous divisions of the United Nations including UNESCO, UNICEF, the United Nations University, and the World Food Council, before becoming chief of the Africa Section of UNIFEM. She also participated in numerous conferences on women including the 1980, 1985, and 1995 World Conferences on Women. She worked with Esther Jonathan Wandeka to gain governmental support for the 1985 conference held in Nairobi and was instrumental in introducing the peace torch at the 1995 Beijing conference.
Pala was one of the feminist scholars who founded the Association of African Women for Research and Development (AAWORD) in 1977 to promote women's studies and research on African women by African women. She was also a founding member of Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN), created in 1984 to promote cooperation among women academics throughout the Global South. A pioneering intellectual woman of Kenya, she is recognized for encouraging African scholarship. Her research has evaluated the negative impacts public policies have had on women and stressed the importance of allowing women to design policy solutions based their own priorities and cultural traditions. During her tenure as chief of the Africa Section of UNIFEM, she was able to implement a policy which required that in the Kenyan office of the organization, all programs were headed by African women.
Early life and education
Christine Achola Pala was born in Bondo, Kenya, to Agnes (née Polo) and Hosea Pala. Her parents had both attended the Jeanes School in the Kabete neighborhood of Nairobi. Her father was a teacher and her mother worked in development programs. Both were feminists and interested in creating schools and providing technical training skills to improve their community. Her parents encouraged all of their children, including girls, to acquire an education. One of nine siblings, Pala's oldest brother was Francis Otieno Pala, a co-founder of the National Library Service of Kenya. She began her education at the local Emudiemo School, but after two years studied in Butere, where one of her older sisters was a teacher. The family moved to the Seme Constituency of Maseno, Kisumu County, Kenya. In the 1960s, she graduated from the Butere Girls' High School and took A-Level courses at Limuru Girls' High School, before being selected to attend the University of East Africa (now University of Dar es Salaam). During her studies, she worked in the late 1960s as an intern for a Kenyan children's development program.Graduating in 1970, Pala continued her education, earning a master's degree in education from Harvard University. She returned to Kenya in 1973 and took a post as a junior researcher with the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Nairobi. Receiving a Rockefeller Foundation grant, she returned to Harvard, earning a PhD in anthropology. Her thesis Changes in Economy and Ideology: A Study of Joluo of Kenya, with Special Reference to Women was completed in 1977. It evaluated how land reforms requiring property registration had diminished women's ability to make inheritance decisions over cattle and land. According to scholars Wanjiku Mukabi Kabira, Elizabeth Auma, and Brender Akoth, Pala was one of the pioneering "Kenyan women intellectuals". In 1977, she became one of the founders of the Association of African Women for Research and Development (AAWORD), an organization established to promote women's studies and research on African women by African women. She brought the ideas of the women's liberation movement into policy discussions on empowering women and seeking parity through the use of African social and knowledge structures, rather than using Eurocentric lenses. Around the same time she married a diplomat, Michael G. Okeyo, who was part of the Kenyan delegation to the United Nations.
Career
After her graduation, Pala was hired as a liaison officer for the World Conference on the United Nations Decade for Women and in the 1980s presented lectures to women's groups in New York City. She attended the 1980 World Conference on Women in Copenhagen, Denmark, and with other African feminists introduced Afrocentric ideas on women and the environment. While in New York, she also worked as a consultant to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. As a researcher, she worked for the Population Council, a health initiative for the United Nations University's Center for Policy Studies which focuses on reproductive health, HIV/AIDS, and public health issues facing women, children, and the poor. She was a member of the independent experts panel, which advised the World Food Council on reducing malnutrition and hunger. Returning to Kenya, she resumed her post as a research fellow at the University of Nairobi in the area of development policy.Pala and her husband had three children before returning to New York in 1984 for a year, during which she gave lectures on the challenges women faced in developing countries. She attended the development conference held that year in Bangalore, India, which saw the founding of the Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN) with Pala as one of the founding members from Africa. The organization is a network for feminist academics and activists focused on the Global South. When the family returned to Kenya in 1985, she and other feminists pushed the government, which had no ministry to deal with women's issues, to create a women's department within the Ministry of Social Services. Working with Esther Jonathan Wandeka, the newly appointed head of the department, they pressed the government to support hosting the Third World Conference on Women in Nairobi. Although they faced resistance, she and Johnson secured authorization for the conference. In 1986, she became head of social science research at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology. She worked there for five years to interface the center's research to include socio-economic considerations, before becoming the chief of the Africa Section of the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM).Pala had been involved in the pacifist movement since her school days, attending a peace conference in Sweden in 1976. In the 1990s with turmoil in many African countries, she proposed to the director of UNIFEM that they adopt a traditional African custom to promote peace. During the independence movements, of the 1960s, Julius Nyerere had walked an independence torch from Dar es Salaam to Arusha. The journey and torch became a symbol uniting people on its path to the cause. Similarly, Pala promoted using a torch to symbolize women's commitment to peace. The idea was introduced for the 1995 World Conference on Women hosted in Beijing, China. After the conference, she was able to convince UNIFEM to establish an office in Nairobi and adopt a policy under which in Kenya, the UNIFEM programs were to be headed by African women. After retiring from UNIFEM, Pala focused on grassroots women's organizations, which focused on social change and women's empowerment.
Research
Some of her earliest works examined the negative impacts public policies have had on women. One study examined whether women could qualify for government assistance to improve their use of their lands. Because the policy in the Nyanza Province required that 15 acres of land had to be under cultivation, very few women were able to obtain government aid grants as most title registrations were held by men. Further, because the system of registration favored husbands or sons, women's traditional role in distributing land was subverted and resulted in an overall loss of social status for women.Later works dealt with the rights of African feminists to establish their own priorities based upon their own cultural traditions. Noting that those traditions were not stagnant, as they had been shaped by colonialism, Pala recognized that the global resistance traditions in Black society to subjugation were often used by authorities to dehumanize communities and destroy their socio-economic structures. Pala also cautioned against developing policies and frameworks for African women based on the diasporic experiences of people who had been forced to migrate to the Caribbean, Europe, North America, and South America.
See also
List of peace activists
Selected works
Pala, Achola O. (1978). Women's Access to Land and Their Role in Agriculture and Decision-Making on the Farm: Experience of the Joluo of Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi. OCLC 5575159.
Pala, Achola Okeya (May–June 1980). "The Joluo Equation: Land Reform = Lower Status for Women". Ceres. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1 (75): 37–92. ISSN 0009-0379.
Pala Okeyo, Achola (March 1981). "Reflections on Development Myths". Africa Report. New York, New York: Africa-America Institute. 26 (2): 7–10. ISSN 0001-9836.
Prah, Kwesik; Okeya, Achola Pala (December 1989). "The Role of Social Science in Generating Technologies for the Farming Community in Africa". International Journal of Tropical Insect Science. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press. 10 (6): 777–782. doi:10.1017/S1742758400012534. ISSN 1742-7584. OCLC 7996515182.
Pala, Achola O. (1995). Connecting Across Cultures and Continents: Black Women Speak Out on Identity, Race, and Development. New York, New York: United Nations Development Fund for Women. ISBN 978-0-912917-35-1.
Pala, Achola O. (2005). "16. Definitions of Women and Development: An African Perspective". In Oyèwùmí, Oyèrónké (ed.). African Gender Studies: A Reader (1st ed.). New York, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 299–312. ISBN 978-1-4039-6282-9.
References
Citations
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The Espinazo del Diablo (Devil's Backbone) is a region of the Sierra Madre Occidental in the states of Sinaloa and Durango in northwestern Mexico. The region is known its natural beauty and biodiversity, including rare cloud forests, and for a stretch tortuous mountain highway (part of Mexican Federal Highway 40) also called the Espinazo del Diablo.
Geography
The Espinazo del Diablo is on the western slope of the Sierra Madre Occidental. The Sierra rises from the Pacific coastal plain of Sinaloa state, ascending from 200 to 3000 meters elevation eastwards into Durango. It is in Concordia Municipality of Sinaloa, and Pueblo Nuevo and San Dimas municipalities of Durango.
Climate
The climate ranges from warm-sub-humid at lower elevations to semi-warm sub-humid at middle elevations to temperate sub-humid at the highest elevations. The orientation of the mountains to the prevailing winds creates some higher-rainfall areas at middle elevations.
Flora
At lower elevations the predominant vegetation is low dry deciduous forest. The dominant trees are species of Ipomoea, Lysiloma, and Bursera, along with thorny scrub and Opuntia and Stenocereus cactus. In canyons and other areas with greater moisture there are taller trees, including Brosimum alicastrum, Ceiba pentandra, and species of Ficus.Oak (Quercus) forests are predominant above 900 meters elevation. Typical trees include Quercus castanea, Q. jonesii, Q. fulva, Q. glaucescens, and Q. tuberculata. Patches of pine forest are interspersed with the oaks at 1200 meters elevation, and forest of oaks and pines is common above 1600 meters elevation.Cloud forest, also known as mesophyllous montane forest, is found in humid ravines and glens 1,900 and 2,200 meters elevation, interspersed among the upper oak and pine–oak forests. Cloud forests are found in only a few locations in the Sierra Madre Occidental, and are home to distinctive communities of plants and animals. Typical cloud forest trees include oyamel (Abies religiosa), Arbutus glandulosa, Clethra lanata, Magnolia tarahumara, Tilia sp., Trema micrantha, and Ostrya virginiana. The trees are abundantly covered in epiphytes, including lichens, ferns, and bromeliads.Pine forest is predominant between 2,400 and 3,000 meters elevation. The most common pines are Pinus douglasiana, P. herrerae, P. leiophylla, P. lumholtzii, and P. oocarpa, together with Abies religiosa, Arbutus xalapensis, and Styrax argenteus.
Fauna
229 species of birds have been recorded in the region, including 43 species which are endemic to Mexico. Limited-range species observed in the region include the tufted jay (Cyanocorax dickeyi), eared quetzal (Euptilotis neoxenus), and thick-billed parrot (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha). The imperial woodpecker (Campephilus imperialis) had been observed in the region, but is now believed to be extinct.
Highway
Mexican Federal Highway 40 passes through the Espinazo del Diablo as it crosses the Sierra between Durango on the Mexican Plateau and Mazatlán on the Pacific coast. The road is narrow and full of tight curves and steep drop-offs. Frequent fog and seasonal ice present additional hazards. The drive typically takes 7 or 8 hours. The road offers magnificent scenery, including a vista at 2,440 meters elevation flanked by two steep ravines at kilometer 168, and a summit at 2,744 meters at the crest of the Sierra.In 2013 a section of Mexican Federal Highway 40D, a toll highway, was completed parallel to the old highway. The new highway is wider and straighter, with 115 bridges and 61 tunnels, and offers a faster route across the mountains.
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The Espinazo del Diablo (Devil's Backbone) is a region of the Sierra Madre Occidental in the states of Sinaloa and Durango in northwestern Mexico. The region is known its natural beauty and biodiversity, including rare cloud forests, and for a stretch tortuous mountain highway (part of Mexican Federal Highway 40) also called the Espinazo del Diablo.
Geography
The Espinazo del Diablo is on the western slope of the Sierra Madre Occidental. The Sierra rises from the Pacific coastal plain of Sinaloa state, ascending from 200 to 3000 meters elevation eastwards into Durango. It is in Concordia Municipality of Sinaloa, and Pueblo Nuevo and San Dimas municipalities of Durango.
Climate
The climate ranges from warm-sub-humid at lower elevations to semi-warm sub-humid at middle elevations to temperate sub-humid at the highest elevations. The orientation of the mountains to the prevailing winds creates some higher-rainfall areas at middle elevations.
Flora
At lower elevations the predominant vegetation is low dry deciduous forest. The dominant trees are species of Ipomoea, Lysiloma, and Bursera, along with thorny scrub and Opuntia and Stenocereus cactus. In canyons and other areas with greater moisture there are taller trees, including Brosimum alicastrum, Ceiba pentandra, and species of Ficus.Oak (Quercus) forests are predominant above 900 meters elevation. Typical trees include Quercus castanea, Q. jonesii, Q. fulva, Q. glaucescens, and Q. tuberculata. Patches of pine forest are interspersed with the oaks at 1200 meters elevation, and forest of oaks and pines is common above 1600 meters elevation.Cloud forest, also known as mesophyllous montane forest, is found in humid ravines and glens 1,900 and 2,200 meters elevation, interspersed among the upper oak and pine–oak forests. Cloud forests are found in only a few locations in the Sierra Madre Occidental, and are home to distinctive communities of plants and animals. Typical cloud forest trees include oyamel (Abies religiosa), Arbutus glandulosa, Clethra lanata, Magnolia tarahumara, Tilia sp., Trema micrantha, and Ostrya virginiana. The trees are abundantly covered in epiphytes, including lichens, ferns, and bromeliads.Pine forest is predominant between 2,400 and 3,000 meters elevation. The most common pines are Pinus douglasiana, P. herrerae, P. leiophylla, P. lumholtzii, and P. oocarpa, together with Abies religiosa, Arbutus xalapensis, and Styrax argenteus.
Fauna
229 species of birds have been recorded in the region, including 43 species which are endemic to Mexico. Limited-range species observed in the region include the tufted jay (Cyanocorax dickeyi), eared quetzal (Euptilotis neoxenus), and thick-billed parrot (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha). The imperial woodpecker (Campephilus imperialis) had been observed in the region, but is now believed to be extinct.
Highway
Mexican Federal Highway 40 passes through the Espinazo del Diablo as it crosses the Sierra between Durango on the Mexican Plateau and Mazatlán on the Pacific coast. The road is narrow and full of tight curves and steep drop-offs. Frequent fog and seasonal ice present additional hazards. The drive typically takes 7 or 8 hours. The road offers magnificent scenery, including a vista at 2,440 meters elevation flanked by two steep ravines at kilometer 168, and a summit at 2,744 meters at the crest of the Sierra.In 2013 a section of Mexican Federal Highway 40D, a toll highway, was completed parallel to the old highway. The new highway is wider and straighter, with 115 bridges and 61 tunnels, and offers a faster route across the mountains.
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The Espinazo del Diablo (Devil's Backbone) is a region of the Sierra Madre Occidental in the states of Sinaloa and Durango in northwestern Mexico. The region is known its natural beauty and biodiversity, including rare cloud forests, and for a stretch tortuous mountain highway (part of Mexican Federal Highway 40) also called the Espinazo del Diablo.
Geography
The Espinazo del Diablo is on the western slope of the Sierra Madre Occidental. The Sierra rises from the Pacific coastal plain of Sinaloa state, ascending from 200 to 3000 meters elevation eastwards into Durango. It is in Concordia Municipality of Sinaloa, and Pueblo Nuevo and San Dimas municipalities of Durango.
Climate
The climate ranges from warm-sub-humid at lower elevations to semi-warm sub-humid at middle elevations to temperate sub-humid at the highest elevations. The orientation of the mountains to the prevailing winds creates some higher-rainfall areas at middle elevations.
Flora
At lower elevations the predominant vegetation is low dry deciduous forest. The dominant trees are species of Ipomoea, Lysiloma, and Bursera, along with thorny scrub and Opuntia and Stenocereus cactus. In canyons and other areas with greater moisture there are taller trees, including Brosimum alicastrum, Ceiba pentandra, and species of Ficus.Oak (Quercus) forests are predominant above 900 meters elevation. Typical trees include Quercus castanea, Q. jonesii, Q. fulva, Q. glaucescens, and Q. tuberculata. Patches of pine forest are interspersed with the oaks at 1200 meters elevation, and forest of oaks and pines is common above 1600 meters elevation.Cloud forest, also known as mesophyllous montane forest, is found in humid ravines and glens 1,900 and 2,200 meters elevation, interspersed among the upper oak and pine–oak forests. Cloud forests are found in only a few locations in the Sierra Madre Occidental, and are home to distinctive communities of plants and animals. Typical cloud forest trees include oyamel (Abies religiosa), Arbutus glandulosa, Clethra lanata, Magnolia tarahumara, Tilia sp., Trema micrantha, and Ostrya virginiana. The trees are abundantly covered in epiphytes, including lichens, ferns, and bromeliads.Pine forest is predominant between 2,400 and 3,000 meters elevation. The most common pines are Pinus douglasiana, P. herrerae, P. leiophylla, P. lumholtzii, and P. oocarpa, together with Abies religiosa, Arbutus xalapensis, and Styrax argenteus.
Fauna
229 species of birds have been recorded in the region, including 43 species which are endemic to Mexico. Limited-range species observed in the region include the tufted jay (Cyanocorax dickeyi), eared quetzal (Euptilotis neoxenus), and thick-billed parrot (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha). The imperial woodpecker (Campephilus imperialis) had been observed in the region, but is now believed to be extinct.
Highway
Mexican Federal Highway 40 passes through the Espinazo del Diablo as it crosses the Sierra between Durango on the Mexican Plateau and Mazatlán on the Pacific coast. The road is narrow and full of tight curves and steep drop-offs. Frequent fog and seasonal ice present additional hazards. The drive typically takes 7 or 8 hours. The road offers magnificent scenery, including a vista at 2,440 meters elevation flanked by two steep ravines at kilometer 168, and a summit at 2,744 meters at the crest of the Sierra.In 2013 a section of Mexican Federal Highway 40D, a toll highway, was completed parallel to the old highway. The new highway is wider and straighter, with 115 bridges and 61 tunnels, and offers a faster route across the mountains.
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The Espinazo del Diablo (Devil's Backbone) is a region of the Sierra Madre Occidental in the states of Sinaloa and Durango in northwestern Mexico. The region is known its natural beauty and biodiversity, including rare cloud forests, and for a stretch tortuous mountain highway (part of Mexican Federal Highway 40) also called the Espinazo del Diablo.
Geography
The Espinazo del Diablo is on the western slope of the Sierra Madre Occidental. The Sierra rises from the Pacific coastal plain of Sinaloa state, ascending from 200 to 3000 meters elevation eastwards into Durango. It is in Concordia Municipality of Sinaloa, and Pueblo Nuevo and San Dimas municipalities of Durango.
Climate
The climate ranges from warm-sub-humid at lower elevations to semi-warm sub-humid at middle elevations to temperate sub-humid at the highest elevations. The orientation of the mountains to the prevailing winds creates some higher-rainfall areas at middle elevations.
Flora
At lower elevations the predominant vegetation is low dry deciduous forest. The dominant trees are species of Ipomoea, Lysiloma, and Bursera, along with thorny scrub and Opuntia and Stenocereus cactus. In canyons and other areas with greater moisture there are taller trees, including Brosimum alicastrum, Ceiba pentandra, and species of Ficus.Oak (Quercus) forests are predominant above 900 meters elevation. Typical trees include Quercus castanea, Q. jonesii, Q. fulva, Q. glaucescens, and Q. tuberculata. Patches of pine forest are interspersed with the oaks at 1200 meters elevation, and forest of oaks and pines is common above 1600 meters elevation.Cloud forest, also known as mesophyllous montane forest, is found in humid ravines and glens 1,900 and 2,200 meters elevation, interspersed among the upper oak and pine–oak forests. Cloud forests are found in only a few locations in the Sierra Madre Occidental, and are home to distinctive communities of plants and animals. Typical cloud forest trees include oyamel (Abies religiosa), Arbutus glandulosa, Clethra lanata, Magnolia tarahumara, Tilia sp., Trema micrantha, and Ostrya virginiana. The trees are abundantly covered in epiphytes, including lichens, ferns, and bromeliads.Pine forest is predominant between 2,400 and 3,000 meters elevation. The most common pines are Pinus douglasiana, P. herrerae, P. leiophylla, P. lumholtzii, and P. oocarpa, together with Abies religiosa, Arbutus xalapensis, and Styrax argenteus.
Fauna
229 species of birds have been recorded in the region, including 43 species which are endemic to Mexico. Limited-range species observed in the region include the tufted jay (Cyanocorax dickeyi), eared quetzal (Euptilotis neoxenus), and thick-billed parrot (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha). The imperial woodpecker (Campephilus imperialis) had been observed in the region, but is now believed to be extinct.
Highway
Mexican Federal Highway 40 passes through the Espinazo del Diablo as it crosses the Sierra between Durango on the Mexican Plateau and Mazatlán on the Pacific coast. The road is narrow and full of tight curves and steep drop-offs. Frequent fog and seasonal ice present additional hazards. The drive typically takes 7 or 8 hours. The road offers magnificent scenery, including a vista at 2,440 meters elevation flanked by two steep ravines at kilometer 168, and a summit at 2,744 meters at the crest of the Sierra.In 2013 a section of Mexican Federal Highway 40D, a toll highway, was completed parallel to the old highway. The new highway is wider and straighter, with 115 bridges and 61 tunnels, and offers a faster route across the mountains.
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Mark Thomas Maybury (born December 13, 1964) is an American computer scientist and administrator who is currently the Chief Technology Officer of Stanley Black & Decker. Previously he was
at the MITRE Corporation, joining them in 1987, and serving as Executive Director from 1998-2010. A former Air Force officer, he was also the Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force, Washington, D.C., from 2010 to 2013, where he was scientific adviser to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and Secretary of the U.S. Air Force, providing assessments on a wide range of scientific and technical issues affecting the Air Force mission.Maybury has been an editor or co-author of 10 books and 60 refereed publications. He is an IEEE Fellow and has been awarded several U.S. patents.
Education
Maybury received his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics from College of the Holy Cross (Fenwick Scholar, valedictorian) in 1986, a master's degree in computer speech and language processing from Cambridge University, England (Rotary Scholar) in 1987, a Masters of Business Administration from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1989, and a doctoral degree in artificial intelligence, also from Cambridge University in 1991.
References
Sources
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Mark Thomas Maybury (born December 13, 1964) is an American computer scientist and administrator who is currently the Chief Technology Officer of Stanley Black & Decker. Previously he was
at the MITRE Corporation, joining them in 1987, and serving as Executive Director from 1998-2010. A former Air Force officer, he was also the Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force, Washington, D.C., from 2010 to 2013, where he was scientific adviser to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and Secretary of the U.S. Air Force, providing assessments on a wide range of scientific and technical issues affecting the Air Force mission.Maybury has been an editor or co-author of 10 books and 60 refereed publications. He is an IEEE Fellow and has been awarded several U.S. patents.
Education
Maybury received his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics from College of the Holy Cross (Fenwick Scholar, valedictorian) in 1986, a master's degree in computer speech and language processing from Cambridge University, England (Rotary Scholar) in 1987, a Masters of Business Administration from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1989, and a doctoral degree in artificial intelligence, also from Cambridge University in 1991.
References
Sources
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Mark Thomas Maybury (born December 13, 1964) is an American computer scientist and administrator who is currently the Chief Technology Officer of Stanley Black & Decker. Previously he was
at the MITRE Corporation, joining them in 1987, and serving as Executive Director from 1998-2010. A former Air Force officer, he was also the Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force, Washington, D.C., from 2010 to 2013, where he was scientific adviser to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and Secretary of the U.S. Air Force, providing assessments on a wide range of scientific and technical issues affecting the Air Force mission.Maybury has been an editor or co-author of 10 books and 60 refereed publications. He is an IEEE Fellow and has been awarded several U.S. patents.
Education
Maybury received his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics from College of the Holy Cross (Fenwick Scholar, valedictorian) in 1986, a master's degree in computer speech and language processing from Cambridge University, England (Rotary Scholar) in 1987, a Masters of Business Administration from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1989, and a doctoral degree in artificial intelligence, also from Cambridge University in 1991.
References
Sources
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Mark Thomas Maybury (born December 13, 1964) is an American computer scientist and administrator who is currently the Chief Technology Officer of Stanley Black & Decker. Previously he was
at the MITRE Corporation, joining them in 1987, and serving as Executive Director from 1998-2010. A former Air Force officer, he was also the Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force, Washington, D.C., from 2010 to 2013, where he was scientific adviser to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and Secretary of the U.S. Air Force, providing assessments on a wide range of scientific and technical issues affecting the Air Force mission.Maybury has been an editor or co-author of 10 books and 60 refereed publications. He is an IEEE Fellow and has been awarded several U.S. patents.
Education
Maybury received his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics from College of the Holy Cross (Fenwick Scholar, valedictorian) in 1986, a master's degree in computer speech and language processing from Cambridge University, England (Rotary Scholar) in 1987, a Masters of Business Administration from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1989, and a doctoral degree in artificial intelligence, also from Cambridge University in 1991.
References
Sources
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The meridian 116° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, Australasia, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
The 116th meridian east forms a great circle with the 64th meridian west.
From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 116th meridian east passes through:
See also
115th meridian east
117th meridian east
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Otto Spoerri (1933–2008) was a Swiss accountant who happened upon one of the most powerful positions in Hollywood.Spoerri, who started as a temporary accountant at The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences inherited the two sensitive roles of distributing tickets to The Oscars and making the seating arrangements.
Spoerri, who retired in 2002, died at his home in Switzerland after suffering a stroke.
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Blind Arvella Gray (January 28, 1906 - September 7, 1980) was an American blues, folk and gospel singer and guitarist.Gray was born James Dixon, in Somerville, Texas. He spent the latter part of his life performing and busking folk, blues and gospel music at Chicago's Maxwell Street flea market and at rapid-transit depots. In the 1960s, he recorded two singles for his own Gray label, including "Freedom Rider" backed with "Freedom Bus."
Gray's only album, The Singing Drifter (1973), was reissued on the Conjuroo record label in 2005. The reissue was produced by Cary Baker, who wrote the liner notes for the original vinyl LP, released by Birch Records.
Gray died in Chicago, Illinois, in September 1980, at the age of 74.
References
External links
Illustrated Blind Arvella Gray discography | place of birth | {
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Blind Arvella Gray (January 28, 1906 - September 7, 1980) was an American blues, folk and gospel singer and guitarist.Gray was born James Dixon, in Somerville, Texas. He spent the latter part of his life performing and busking folk, blues and gospel music at Chicago's Maxwell Street flea market and at rapid-transit depots. In the 1960s, he recorded two singles for his own Gray label, including "Freedom Rider" backed with "Freedom Bus."
Gray's only album, The Singing Drifter (1973), was reissued on the Conjuroo record label in 2005. The reissue was produced by Cary Baker, who wrote the liner notes for the original vinyl LP, released by Birch Records.
Gray died in Chicago, Illinois, in September 1980, at the age of 74.
References
External links
Illustrated Blind Arvella Gray discography | place of death | {
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Blind Arvella Gray (January 28, 1906 - September 7, 1980) was an American blues, folk and gospel singer and guitarist.Gray was born James Dixon, in Somerville, Texas. He spent the latter part of his life performing and busking folk, blues and gospel music at Chicago's Maxwell Street flea market and at rapid-transit depots. In the 1960s, he recorded two singles for his own Gray label, including "Freedom Rider" backed with "Freedom Bus."
Gray's only album, The Singing Drifter (1973), was reissued on the Conjuroo record label in 2005. The reissue was produced by Cary Baker, who wrote the liner notes for the original vinyl LP, released by Birch Records.
Gray died in Chicago, Illinois, in September 1980, at the age of 74.
References
External links
Illustrated Blind Arvella Gray discography | occupation | {
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} |
Blind Arvella Gray (January 28, 1906 - September 7, 1980) was an American blues, folk and gospel singer and guitarist.Gray was born James Dixon, in Somerville, Texas. He spent the latter part of his life performing and busking folk, blues and gospel music at Chicago's Maxwell Street flea market and at rapid-transit depots. In the 1960s, he recorded two singles for his own Gray label, including "Freedom Rider" backed with "Freedom Bus."
Gray's only album, The Singing Drifter (1973), was reissued on the Conjuroo record label in 2005. The reissue was produced by Cary Baker, who wrote the liner notes for the original vinyl LP, released by Birch Records.
Gray died in Chicago, Illinois, in September 1980, at the age of 74.
References
External links
Illustrated Blind Arvella Gray discography | family name | {
"answer_start": [
14
],
"text": [
"Gray"
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} |
Blind Arvella Gray (January 28, 1906 - September 7, 1980) was an American blues, folk and gospel singer and guitarist.Gray was born James Dixon, in Somerville, Texas. He spent the latter part of his life performing and busking folk, blues and gospel music at Chicago's Maxwell Street flea market and at rapid-transit depots. In the 1960s, he recorded two singles for his own Gray label, including "Freedom Rider" backed with "Freedom Bus."
Gray's only album, The Singing Drifter (1973), was reissued on the Conjuroo record label in 2005. The reissue was produced by Cary Baker, who wrote the liner notes for the original vinyl LP, released by Birch Records.
Gray died in Chicago, Illinois, in September 1980, at the age of 74.
References
External links
Illustrated Blind Arvella Gray discography | instrument | {
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Randia can refer to :
Randia (bird), a monotypic genus of bird containing a single species, Randia pseudozosterops, also known as Rand's warbler
Randia (plant), a genus of plants of the family Rubiaceaer/India, a subreddit on the social site Reddit.
See also
Randhia, a village and former princely state in Kathiawar, Gujarat, India | taxon rank | {
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50
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"text": [
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Randia can refer to :
Randia (bird), a monotypic genus of bird containing a single species, Randia pseudozosterops, also known as Rand's warbler
Randia (plant), a genus of plants of the family Rubiaceaer/India, a subreddit on the social site Reddit.
See also
Randhia, a village and former princely state in Kathiawar, Gujarat, India | parent taxon | {
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194
],
"text": [
"Rubiaceae"
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} |
Randia can refer to :
Randia (bird), a monotypic genus of bird containing a single species, Randia pseudozosterops, also known as Rand's warbler
Randia (plant), a genus of plants of the family Rubiaceaer/India, a subreddit on the social site Reddit.
See also
Randhia, a village and former princely state in Kathiawar, Gujarat, India | taxon name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Randia"
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} |
Randia can refer to :
Randia (bird), a monotypic genus of bird containing a single species, Randia pseudozosterops, also known as Rand's warbler
Randia (plant), a genus of plants of the family Rubiaceaer/India, a subreddit on the social site Reddit.
See also
Randhia, a village and former princely state in Kathiawar, Gujarat, India | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Randia"
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} |
Randia can refer to :
Randia (bird), a monotypic genus of bird containing a single species, Randia pseudozosterops, also known as Rand's warbler
Randia (plant), a genus of plants of the family Rubiaceaer/India, a subreddit on the social site Reddit.
See also
Randhia, a village and former princely state in Kathiawar, Gujarat, India | different from | {
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Randia can refer to :
Randia (bird), a monotypic genus of bird containing a single species, Randia pseudozosterops, also known as Rand's warbler
Randia (plant), a genus of plants of the family Rubiaceaer/India, a subreddit on the social site Reddit.
See also
Randhia, a village and former princely state in Kathiawar, Gujarat, India | ADW taxon ID | {
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Morpho helenor, the Helenor blue morpho or common blue morpho, is a Neotropical butterfly found throughout Central and South America from Mexico to Argentina. It is a species group that may or may not be several species. Many subspecies have been described.
Biology
The larvae of subspecies Morpho helenor achillaena have been recorded as feeding on Genipa americana, Inga, Machaerium oblongifolium and Platymiscium.
Subspecies
Listed alphabetically:
M. h. achillaena (Hübner, [1823])
M. h. achillides C. & R. Felder, 1867
M. h. anakreon Fruhstorfer, 1910
M. h. charapensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. coelestis Butler, 1866
M. h. cortone Fruhstorfer, 1913
M. h. corydon Guenée, 1859
M. h. guerrerensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. helenor (Cramer, 1776)
M. h. insularis Fruhstorfer, 1912
M. h. leontius C. & R. Felder, 1867
M. h. macrophthalmus Fruhstorfer, 1913
M. h. maculata Röber, 1903
M. h. marajoensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. marinita Butler, 1872
M. h. montezuma Guenée, 1859
M. h. narcissus Staudinger, 1887
M. h. octavia Bates, 1864
M. h. papirius Hopffer, 1874
M. h. peleides Kollar, 1850 now also described in Morpho peleides
M. h. peleus Röber, 1903
M. h. pindarus Fruhstorfer, 1910
M. h. popilius Hopffer, 1874
M. h. rugitaeniatus Fruhstorfer, 1907
M. h. telamon Röber, 1903
M. h. theodorus Fruhstorfer, 1907
M. h. tucupita Le Moult, 1925
M. h. ululina Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. violaceus Fruhstorfer, 1912
M. h. zonaras Fruhstorfer, 1912
Gallery
Morpho helenor helenor
References
Le Moult (E.) & Réal (P.) (1962-1963). Les Morpho d'Amérique du Sud et Centrale, Editions du cabinet entomologique E. Le Moult, Paris.
Smart, Paul (1976). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World in Color. London, Salamander: Encyclopedie des papillons. Lausanne, Elsevier Sequoia (French language edition). ISBN 9780948427046 ISBN 0600313816 page 237 fig. 6 as hyacinthus (Mexico), fig. 8 as montezuma Guen, underside (Honduras), page 237 fig. 10 as achillaena f. violacea Fruhstorfer, underside (Brazil), fig. 11 as achillaena f. violacea Fruhstorfer, upperside (Brazil)
External links
"Morpho Fabricius, 1807" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Butterflies of America Images of type and other specimens.
Taxonomy Browser Upperside and underside photographs. | taxon rank | {
"answer_start": [
167
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"species"
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Morpho helenor, the Helenor blue morpho or common blue morpho, is a Neotropical butterfly found throughout Central and South America from Mexico to Argentina. It is a species group that may or may not be several species. Many subspecies have been described.
Biology
The larvae of subspecies Morpho helenor achillaena have been recorded as feeding on Genipa americana, Inga, Machaerium oblongifolium and Platymiscium.
Subspecies
Listed alphabetically:
M. h. achillaena (Hübner, [1823])
M. h. achillides C. & R. Felder, 1867
M. h. anakreon Fruhstorfer, 1910
M. h. charapensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. coelestis Butler, 1866
M. h. cortone Fruhstorfer, 1913
M. h. corydon Guenée, 1859
M. h. guerrerensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. helenor (Cramer, 1776)
M. h. insularis Fruhstorfer, 1912
M. h. leontius C. & R. Felder, 1867
M. h. macrophthalmus Fruhstorfer, 1913
M. h. maculata Röber, 1903
M. h. marajoensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. marinita Butler, 1872
M. h. montezuma Guenée, 1859
M. h. narcissus Staudinger, 1887
M. h. octavia Bates, 1864
M. h. papirius Hopffer, 1874
M. h. peleides Kollar, 1850 now also described in Morpho peleides
M. h. peleus Röber, 1903
M. h. pindarus Fruhstorfer, 1910
M. h. popilius Hopffer, 1874
M. h. rugitaeniatus Fruhstorfer, 1907
M. h. telamon Röber, 1903
M. h. theodorus Fruhstorfer, 1907
M. h. tucupita Le Moult, 1925
M. h. ululina Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. violaceus Fruhstorfer, 1912
M. h. zonaras Fruhstorfer, 1912
Gallery
Morpho helenor helenor
References
Le Moult (E.) & Réal (P.) (1962-1963). Les Morpho d'Amérique du Sud et Centrale, Editions du cabinet entomologique E. Le Moult, Paris.
Smart, Paul (1976). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World in Color. London, Salamander: Encyclopedie des papillons. Lausanne, Elsevier Sequoia (French language edition). ISBN 9780948427046 ISBN 0600313816 page 237 fig. 6 as hyacinthus (Mexico), fig. 8 as montezuma Guen, underside (Honduras), page 237 fig. 10 as achillaena f. violacea Fruhstorfer, underside (Brazil), fig. 11 as achillaena f. violacea Fruhstorfer, upperside (Brazil)
External links
"Morpho Fabricius, 1807" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Butterflies of America Images of type and other specimens.
Taxonomy Browser Upperside and underside photographs. | parent taxon | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Morpho"
]
} |
Morpho helenor, the Helenor blue morpho or common blue morpho, is a Neotropical butterfly found throughout Central and South America from Mexico to Argentina. It is a species group that may or may not be several species. Many subspecies have been described.
Biology
The larvae of subspecies Morpho helenor achillaena have been recorded as feeding on Genipa americana, Inga, Machaerium oblongifolium and Platymiscium.
Subspecies
Listed alphabetically:
M. h. achillaena (Hübner, [1823])
M. h. achillides C. & R. Felder, 1867
M. h. anakreon Fruhstorfer, 1910
M. h. charapensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. coelestis Butler, 1866
M. h. cortone Fruhstorfer, 1913
M. h. corydon Guenée, 1859
M. h. guerrerensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. helenor (Cramer, 1776)
M. h. insularis Fruhstorfer, 1912
M. h. leontius C. & R. Felder, 1867
M. h. macrophthalmus Fruhstorfer, 1913
M. h. maculata Röber, 1903
M. h. marajoensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. marinita Butler, 1872
M. h. montezuma Guenée, 1859
M. h. narcissus Staudinger, 1887
M. h. octavia Bates, 1864
M. h. papirius Hopffer, 1874
M. h. peleides Kollar, 1850 now also described in Morpho peleides
M. h. peleus Röber, 1903
M. h. pindarus Fruhstorfer, 1910
M. h. popilius Hopffer, 1874
M. h. rugitaeniatus Fruhstorfer, 1907
M. h. telamon Röber, 1903
M. h. theodorus Fruhstorfer, 1907
M. h. tucupita Le Moult, 1925
M. h. ululina Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. violaceus Fruhstorfer, 1912
M. h. zonaras Fruhstorfer, 1912
Gallery
Morpho helenor helenor
References
Le Moult (E.) & Réal (P.) (1962-1963). Les Morpho d'Amérique du Sud et Centrale, Editions du cabinet entomologique E. Le Moult, Paris.
Smart, Paul (1976). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World in Color. London, Salamander: Encyclopedie des papillons. Lausanne, Elsevier Sequoia (French language edition). ISBN 9780948427046 ISBN 0600313816 page 237 fig. 6 as hyacinthus (Mexico), fig. 8 as montezuma Guen, underside (Honduras), page 237 fig. 10 as achillaena f. violacea Fruhstorfer, underside (Brazil), fig. 11 as achillaena f. violacea Fruhstorfer, upperside (Brazil)
External links
"Morpho Fabricius, 1807" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Butterflies of America Images of type and other specimens.
Taxonomy Browser Upperside and underside photographs. | taxon name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Morpho helenor"
]
} |
Morpho helenor, the Helenor blue morpho or common blue morpho, is a Neotropical butterfly found throughout Central and South America from Mexico to Argentina. It is a species group that may or may not be several species. Many subspecies have been described.
Biology
The larvae of subspecies Morpho helenor achillaena have been recorded as feeding on Genipa americana, Inga, Machaerium oblongifolium and Platymiscium.
Subspecies
Listed alphabetically:
M. h. achillaena (Hübner, [1823])
M. h. achillides C. & R. Felder, 1867
M. h. anakreon Fruhstorfer, 1910
M. h. charapensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. coelestis Butler, 1866
M. h. cortone Fruhstorfer, 1913
M. h. corydon Guenée, 1859
M. h. guerrerensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. helenor (Cramer, 1776)
M. h. insularis Fruhstorfer, 1912
M. h. leontius C. & R. Felder, 1867
M. h. macrophthalmus Fruhstorfer, 1913
M. h. maculata Röber, 1903
M. h. marajoensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. marinita Butler, 1872
M. h. montezuma Guenée, 1859
M. h. narcissus Staudinger, 1887
M. h. octavia Bates, 1864
M. h. papirius Hopffer, 1874
M. h. peleides Kollar, 1850 now also described in Morpho peleides
M. h. peleus Röber, 1903
M. h. pindarus Fruhstorfer, 1910
M. h. popilius Hopffer, 1874
M. h. rugitaeniatus Fruhstorfer, 1907
M. h. telamon Röber, 1903
M. h. theodorus Fruhstorfer, 1907
M. h. tucupita Le Moult, 1925
M. h. ululina Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. violaceus Fruhstorfer, 1912
M. h. zonaras Fruhstorfer, 1912
Gallery
Morpho helenor helenor
References
Le Moult (E.) & Réal (P.) (1962-1963). Les Morpho d'Amérique du Sud et Centrale, Editions du cabinet entomologique E. Le Moult, Paris.
Smart, Paul (1976). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World in Color. London, Salamander: Encyclopedie des papillons. Lausanne, Elsevier Sequoia (French language edition). ISBN 9780948427046 ISBN 0600313816 page 237 fig. 6 as hyacinthus (Mexico), fig. 8 as montezuma Guen, underside (Honduras), page 237 fig. 10 as achillaena f. violacea Fruhstorfer, underside (Brazil), fig. 11 as achillaena f. violacea Fruhstorfer, upperside (Brazil)
External links
"Morpho Fabricius, 1807" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Butterflies of America Images of type and other specimens.
Taxonomy Browser Upperside and underside photographs. | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Morpho helenor"
]
} |
Morpho helenor, the Helenor blue morpho or common blue morpho, is a Neotropical butterfly found throughout Central and South America from Mexico to Argentina. It is a species group that may or may not be several species. Many subspecies have been described.
Biology
The larvae of subspecies Morpho helenor achillaena have been recorded as feeding on Genipa americana, Inga, Machaerium oblongifolium and Platymiscium.
Subspecies
Listed alphabetically:
M. h. achillaena (Hübner, [1823])
M. h. achillides C. & R. Felder, 1867
M. h. anakreon Fruhstorfer, 1910
M. h. charapensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. coelestis Butler, 1866
M. h. cortone Fruhstorfer, 1913
M. h. corydon Guenée, 1859
M. h. guerrerensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. helenor (Cramer, 1776)
M. h. insularis Fruhstorfer, 1912
M. h. leontius C. & R. Felder, 1867
M. h. macrophthalmus Fruhstorfer, 1913
M. h. maculata Röber, 1903
M. h. marajoensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. marinita Butler, 1872
M. h. montezuma Guenée, 1859
M. h. narcissus Staudinger, 1887
M. h. octavia Bates, 1864
M. h. papirius Hopffer, 1874
M. h. peleides Kollar, 1850 now also described in Morpho peleides
M. h. peleus Röber, 1903
M. h. pindarus Fruhstorfer, 1910
M. h. popilius Hopffer, 1874
M. h. rugitaeniatus Fruhstorfer, 1907
M. h. telamon Röber, 1903
M. h. theodorus Fruhstorfer, 1907
M. h. tucupita Le Moult, 1925
M. h. ululina Le Moult & Réal, 1962
M. h. violaceus Fruhstorfer, 1912
M. h. zonaras Fruhstorfer, 1912
Gallery
Morpho helenor helenor
References
Le Moult (E.) & Réal (P.) (1962-1963). Les Morpho d'Amérique du Sud et Centrale, Editions du cabinet entomologique E. Le Moult, Paris.
Smart, Paul (1976). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World in Color. London, Salamander: Encyclopedie des papillons. Lausanne, Elsevier Sequoia (French language edition). ISBN 9780948427046 ISBN 0600313816 page 237 fig. 6 as hyacinthus (Mexico), fig. 8 as montezuma Guen, underside (Honduras), page 237 fig. 10 as achillaena f. violacea Fruhstorfer, underside (Brazil), fig. 11 as achillaena f. violacea Fruhstorfer, upperside (Brazil)
External links
"Morpho Fabricius, 1807" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Butterflies of America Images of type and other specimens.
Taxonomy Browser Upperside and underside photographs. | Commons gallery | {
"answer_start": [
0
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"text": [
"Morpho helenor"
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Sanssouci Park is a large park surrounding Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam, Germany, built under Frederick the Great in the mid-1700s. Following the terracing of the vineyard and the completion of the palace, the surroundings were included in the structure. A Baroque flower garden with lawns, flower beds, hedges and trees was created. In the hedge quarter 3,000 fruit trees were planted. The greenhouses of the numerous nurseries contained oranges, melons, peaches and bananas. The goddesses Flora and Pomona, who decorate the entrance obelisk at the eastern park exit, were placed there to highlight the connection of a flower, fruit and vegetable garden. Along with the Sanssouci Palace and other neaby palaces and parks, Sanssouci Park was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1990 for its unique architectural unity and testimony to 18th and 19th century landscaping in Europe.
Overview
With the expansion of the site after the creation of more buildings, a 2.5 km long straight main avenue was built. It began in the east at the 1748 obelisk and over the years was extended all the way to the New Palace, which marks its end in the west. In 1764 the picture gallery was constructed, followed by the New Chambers in 1774. They flank the palace and open the alley up to rondels with the fountains, surrounded by marble statues. From there paths lead in a star pattern between tall hedges to further parts of the gardens.
In his organisation of the park, Frederick continued what he had begun in Neuruppin and Rheinsberg. During his stay as Crown Prince in Neuruppin, where he was commander of a regiment from 1732 to 1735, he ordered that a flower, fruit and vegetable garden be laid out in the grounds of his abode. He already deviated here from the classical organisation of baroque gardens, which concerned themselves purely with the model represented by Versailles, by combining the beautiful and the useful. He also followed this principle in Rheinsberg. Apart from the transformation of the palace, which Frederick received as a present from his father Frederick William I in 1734, he ordered the establishment of fruit and vegetable garden areas enclosed by hedges. In addition the central avenue and a larger intersecting avenue did not lead directly to the palace, as was usual in French parks of the era, but took off from the south wing and at a right angle to the building.
Frederick invested heavily in the fountain system of Sanssouci Park, as water features were a firm component of baroque gardens. But the Neptune Grotto, finished in 1757 in the eastern part of the park, was used just as little for its intended function as the fountain facilities. Atop the Ruinenberg, roughly six hundred metres away, was a water basin from which no water could arrive into the park and because of the "fountaineers"' lack of expertise the project failed.
It did not succeed until steam power was employed one hundred years later, and thus the purpose of the water reservoir was finally fulfilled. In October 1842 an 81.4 horsepower steam engine built by August Borsig started working and made the water jet of the Great Fountain below the vineyard terraces rise to a height of 38 metres. A pumping station on the Havelbucht was especially built for this machine. It was commissioned by Frederick William IV and built by Ludwig Persius between 1841 and 1843, in the then fashionable Moorish Revival architectural style to look like "a Turkish Mosque with a minaret as a chimney".Many years earlier, Frederick William III had acquired an area which bordered Sanssouci Park to the south and given it to his son Frederick William IV for Christmas in 1825. There Karl Friedrich Schinkel and Ludwig Persius built Charlottenhof Palace on the site of a former farm house and Peter Joseph Lenné was commissioned with the garden design. With the baroque flower and fruit and vegetable gardens from the Frederician era in mind, the garden architect converted the flat and partly swampy grounds into an open landscape park. Broad meadows created visual avenues between Charlottenhof, the Roman Baths and the New Palace with the Temple of Friendship developed from the time of Frederick the Great. Casually placed groups of bushes and trees and a moat that was broadened into a pond at its southeastern end beautify the large park. Lenné used the materials excavated to create the pond to construct a gentle hilly area landscape where the paths meet in the shape of stars at the high points.
Buildings in Sanssouci Park
Built under Frederick the Great:
Sanssouci
Picture Gallery
New Chambers
Neptune Grotto
Chinese House
New Palace
Temple of Friendship
Antique Temple
Obelisk entrance and the ObeliskBuilt under Frederick William IV:
Roman Baths
Church of Peace with the neighbouring group of buildingsIn the neighbouring area of Sanssouci:
Ensemble of artistic ruins on the Ruinenberg
Belvedere on the Klausberg
Dragon House
Orangery Palace or the New Orangery on the Klausberg
Charlottenhof Palace
Kaiserbahnhof at Potsdam Park Sanssouci railway station
Points of interest
Botanischer Garten Potsdam, a botanical garden established in 1950
Green Gate, Potsdam, the main entrance to the park
Historic Mill of Sanssouci
Sources
Paul Sigel, Silke Dähmlow, Frank Seehausen und Lucas Elmenhorst, Architekturführer Potsdam - Architectural Guide, Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-496-01325-7.
See also
Sights of Potsdam
References
External links
Media related to Sanssouci at Wikimedia Commons
Images from Park Sanssouci | country | {
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Sanssouci Park is a large park surrounding Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam, Germany, built under Frederick the Great in the mid-1700s. Following the terracing of the vineyard and the completion of the palace, the surroundings were included in the structure. A Baroque flower garden with lawns, flower beds, hedges and trees was created. In the hedge quarter 3,000 fruit trees were planted. The greenhouses of the numerous nurseries contained oranges, melons, peaches and bananas. The goddesses Flora and Pomona, who decorate the entrance obelisk at the eastern park exit, were placed there to highlight the connection of a flower, fruit and vegetable garden. Along with the Sanssouci Palace and other neaby palaces and parks, Sanssouci Park was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1990 for its unique architectural unity and testimony to 18th and 19th century landscaping in Europe.
Overview
With the expansion of the site after the creation of more buildings, a 2.5 km long straight main avenue was built. It began in the east at the 1748 obelisk and over the years was extended all the way to the New Palace, which marks its end in the west. In 1764 the picture gallery was constructed, followed by the New Chambers in 1774. They flank the palace and open the alley up to rondels with the fountains, surrounded by marble statues. From there paths lead in a star pattern between tall hedges to further parts of the gardens.
In his organisation of the park, Frederick continued what he had begun in Neuruppin and Rheinsberg. During his stay as Crown Prince in Neuruppin, where he was commander of a regiment from 1732 to 1735, he ordered that a flower, fruit and vegetable garden be laid out in the grounds of his abode. He already deviated here from the classical organisation of baroque gardens, which concerned themselves purely with the model represented by Versailles, by combining the beautiful and the useful. He also followed this principle in Rheinsberg. Apart from the transformation of the palace, which Frederick received as a present from his father Frederick William I in 1734, he ordered the establishment of fruit and vegetable garden areas enclosed by hedges. In addition the central avenue and a larger intersecting avenue did not lead directly to the palace, as was usual in French parks of the era, but took off from the south wing and at a right angle to the building.
Frederick invested heavily in the fountain system of Sanssouci Park, as water features were a firm component of baroque gardens. But the Neptune Grotto, finished in 1757 in the eastern part of the park, was used just as little for its intended function as the fountain facilities. Atop the Ruinenberg, roughly six hundred metres away, was a water basin from which no water could arrive into the park and because of the "fountaineers"' lack of expertise the project failed.
It did not succeed until steam power was employed one hundred years later, and thus the purpose of the water reservoir was finally fulfilled. In October 1842 an 81.4 horsepower steam engine built by August Borsig started working and made the water jet of the Great Fountain below the vineyard terraces rise to a height of 38 metres. A pumping station on the Havelbucht was especially built for this machine. It was commissioned by Frederick William IV and built by Ludwig Persius between 1841 and 1843, in the then fashionable Moorish Revival architectural style to look like "a Turkish Mosque with a minaret as a chimney".Many years earlier, Frederick William III had acquired an area which bordered Sanssouci Park to the south and given it to his son Frederick William IV for Christmas in 1825. There Karl Friedrich Schinkel and Ludwig Persius built Charlottenhof Palace on the site of a former farm house and Peter Joseph Lenné was commissioned with the garden design. With the baroque flower and fruit and vegetable gardens from the Frederician era in mind, the garden architect converted the flat and partly swampy grounds into an open landscape park. Broad meadows created visual avenues between Charlottenhof, the Roman Baths and the New Palace with the Temple of Friendship developed from the time of Frederick the Great. Casually placed groups of bushes and trees and a moat that was broadened into a pond at its southeastern end beautify the large park. Lenné used the materials excavated to create the pond to construct a gentle hilly area landscape where the paths meet in the shape of stars at the high points.
Buildings in Sanssouci Park
Built under Frederick the Great:
Sanssouci
Picture Gallery
New Chambers
Neptune Grotto
Chinese House
New Palace
Temple of Friendship
Antique Temple
Obelisk entrance and the ObeliskBuilt under Frederick William IV:
Roman Baths
Church of Peace with the neighbouring group of buildingsIn the neighbouring area of Sanssouci:
Ensemble of artistic ruins on the Ruinenberg
Belvedere on the Klausberg
Dragon House
Orangery Palace or the New Orangery on the Klausberg
Charlottenhof Palace
Kaiserbahnhof at Potsdam Park Sanssouci railway station
Points of interest
Botanischer Garten Potsdam, a botanical garden established in 1950
Green Gate, Potsdam, the main entrance to the park
Historic Mill of Sanssouci
Sources
Paul Sigel, Silke Dähmlow, Frank Seehausen und Lucas Elmenhorst, Architekturführer Potsdam - Architectural Guide, Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-496-01325-7.
See also
Sights of Potsdam
References
External links
Media related to Sanssouci at Wikimedia Commons
Images from Park Sanssouci | instance of | {
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Sanssouci Park is a large park surrounding Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam, Germany, built under Frederick the Great in the mid-1700s. Following the terracing of the vineyard and the completion of the palace, the surroundings were included in the structure. A Baroque flower garden with lawns, flower beds, hedges and trees was created. In the hedge quarter 3,000 fruit trees were planted. The greenhouses of the numerous nurseries contained oranges, melons, peaches and bananas. The goddesses Flora and Pomona, who decorate the entrance obelisk at the eastern park exit, were placed there to highlight the connection of a flower, fruit and vegetable garden. Along with the Sanssouci Palace and other neaby palaces and parks, Sanssouci Park was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1990 for its unique architectural unity and testimony to 18th and 19th century landscaping in Europe.
Overview
With the expansion of the site after the creation of more buildings, a 2.5 km long straight main avenue was built. It began in the east at the 1748 obelisk and over the years was extended all the way to the New Palace, which marks its end in the west. In 1764 the picture gallery was constructed, followed by the New Chambers in 1774. They flank the palace and open the alley up to rondels with the fountains, surrounded by marble statues. From there paths lead in a star pattern between tall hedges to further parts of the gardens.
In his organisation of the park, Frederick continued what he had begun in Neuruppin and Rheinsberg. During his stay as Crown Prince in Neuruppin, where he was commander of a regiment from 1732 to 1735, he ordered that a flower, fruit and vegetable garden be laid out in the grounds of his abode. He already deviated here from the classical organisation of baroque gardens, which concerned themselves purely with the model represented by Versailles, by combining the beautiful and the useful. He also followed this principle in Rheinsberg. Apart from the transformation of the palace, which Frederick received as a present from his father Frederick William I in 1734, he ordered the establishment of fruit and vegetable garden areas enclosed by hedges. In addition the central avenue and a larger intersecting avenue did not lead directly to the palace, as was usual in French parks of the era, but took off from the south wing and at a right angle to the building.
Frederick invested heavily in the fountain system of Sanssouci Park, as water features were a firm component of baroque gardens. But the Neptune Grotto, finished in 1757 in the eastern part of the park, was used just as little for its intended function as the fountain facilities. Atop the Ruinenberg, roughly six hundred metres away, was a water basin from which no water could arrive into the park and because of the "fountaineers"' lack of expertise the project failed.
It did not succeed until steam power was employed one hundred years later, and thus the purpose of the water reservoir was finally fulfilled. In October 1842 an 81.4 horsepower steam engine built by August Borsig started working and made the water jet of the Great Fountain below the vineyard terraces rise to a height of 38 metres. A pumping station on the Havelbucht was especially built for this machine. It was commissioned by Frederick William IV and built by Ludwig Persius between 1841 and 1843, in the then fashionable Moorish Revival architectural style to look like "a Turkish Mosque with a minaret as a chimney".Many years earlier, Frederick William III had acquired an area which bordered Sanssouci Park to the south and given it to his son Frederick William IV for Christmas in 1825. There Karl Friedrich Schinkel and Ludwig Persius built Charlottenhof Palace on the site of a former farm house and Peter Joseph Lenné was commissioned with the garden design. With the baroque flower and fruit and vegetable gardens from the Frederician era in mind, the garden architect converted the flat and partly swampy grounds into an open landscape park. Broad meadows created visual avenues between Charlottenhof, the Roman Baths and the New Palace with the Temple of Friendship developed from the time of Frederick the Great. Casually placed groups of bushes and trees and a moat that was broadened into a pond at its southeastern end beautify the large park. Lenné used the materials excavated to create the pond to construct a gentle hilly area landscape where the paths meet in the shape of stars at the high points.
Buildings in Sanssouci Park
Built under Frederick the Great:
Sanssouci
Picture Gallery
New Chambers
Neptune Grotto
Chinese House
New Palace
Temple of Friendship
Antique Temple
Obelisk entrance and the ObeliskBuilt under Frederick William IV:
Roman Baths
Church of Peace with the neighbouring group of buildingsIn the neighbouring area of Sanssouci:
Ensemble of artistic ruins on the Ruinenberg
Belvedere on the Klausberg
Dragon House
Orangery Palace or the New Orangery on the Klausberg
Charlottenhof Palace
Kaiserbahnhof at Potsdam Park Sanssouci railway station
Points of interest
Botanischer Garten Potsdam, a botanical garden established in 1950
Green Gate, Potsdam, the main entrance to the park
Historic Mill of Sanssouci
Sources
Paul Sigel, Silke Dähmlow, Frank Seehausen und Lucas Elmenhorst, Architekturführer Potsdam - Architectural Guide, Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-496-01325-7.
See also
Sights of Potsdam
References
External links
Media related to Sanssouci at Wikimedia Commons
Images from Park Sanssouci | Commons category | {
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Sanssouci Park is a large park surrounding Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam, Germany, built under Frederick the Great in the mid-1700s. Following the terracing of the vineyard and the completion of the palace, the surroundings were included in the structure. A Baroque flower garden with lawns, flower beds, hedges and trees was created. In the hedge quarter 3,000 fruit trees were planted. The greenhouses of the numerous nurseries contained oranges, melons, peaches and bananas. The goddesses Flora and Pomona, who decorate the entrance obelisk at the eastern park exit, were placed there to highlight the connection of a flower, fruit and vegetable garden. Along with the Sanssouci Palace and other neaby palaces and parks, Sanssouci Park was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1990 for its unique architectural unity and testimony to 18th and 19th century landscaping in Europe.
Overview
With the expansion of the site after the creation of more buildings, a 2.5 km long straight main avenue was built. It began in the east at the 1748 obelisk and over the years was extended all the way to the New Palace, which marks its end in the west. In 1764 the picture gallery was constructed, followed by the New Chambers in 1774. They flank the palace and open the alley up to rondels with the fountains, surrounded by marble statues. From there paths lead in a star pattern between tall hedges to further parts of the gardens.
In his organisation of the park, Frederick continued what he had begun in Neuruppin and Rheinsberg. During his stay as Crown Prince in Neuruppin, where he was commander of a regiment from 1732 to 1735, he ordered that a flower, fruit and vegetable garden be laid out in the grounds of his abode. He already deviated here from the classical organisation of baroque gardens, which concerned themselves purely with the model represented by Versailles, by combining the beautiful and the useful. He also followed this principle in Rheinsberg. Apart from the transformation of the palace, which Frederick received as a present from his father Frederick William I in 1734, he ordered the establishment of fruit and vegetable garden areas enclosed by hedges. In addition the central avenue and a larger intersecting avenue did not lead directly to the palace, as was usual in French parks of the era, but took off from the south wing and at a right angle to the building.
Frederick invested heavily in the fountain system of Sanssouci Park, as water features were a firm component of baroque gardens. But the Neptune Grotto, finished in 1757 in the eastern part of the park, was used just as little for its intended function as the fountain facilities. Atop the Ruinenberg, roughly six hundred metres away, was a water basin from which no water could arrive into the park and because of the "fountaineers"' lack of expertise the project failed.
It did not succeed until steam power was employed one hundred years later, and thus the purpose of the water reservoir was finally fulfilled. In October 1842 an 81.4 horsepower steam engine built by August Borsig started working and made the water jet of the Great Fountain below the vineyard terraces rise to a height of 38 metres. A pumping station on the Havelbucht was especially built for this machine. It was commissioned by Frederick William IV and built by Ludwig Persius between 1841 and 1843, in the then fashionable Moorish Revival architectural style to look like "a Turkish Mosque with a minaret as a chimney".Many years earlier, Frederick William III had acquired an area which bordered Sanssouci Park to the south and given it to his son Frederick William IV for Christmas in 1825. There Karl Friedrich Schinkel and Ludwig Persius built Charlottenhof Palace on the site of a former farm house and Peter Joseph Lenné was commissioned with the garden design. With the baroque flower and fruit and vegetable gardens from the Frederician era in mind, the garden architect converted the flat and partly swampy grounds into an open landscape park. Broad meadows created visual avenues between Charlottenhof, the Roman Baths and the New Palace with the Temple of Friendship developed from the time of Frederick the Great. Casually placed groups of bushes and trees and a moat that was broadened into a pond at its southeastern end beautify the large park. Lenné used the materials excavated to create the pond to construct a gentle hilly area landscape where the paths meet in the shape of stars at the high points.
Buildings in Sanssouci Park
Built under Frederick the Great:
Sanssouci
Picture Gallery
New Chambers
Neptune Grotto
Chinese House
New Palace
Temple of Friendship
Antique Temple
Obelisk entrance and the ObeliskBuilt under Frederick William IV:
Roman Baths
Church of Peace with the neighbouring group of buildingsIn the neighbouring area of Sanssouci:
Ensemble of artistic ruins on the Ruinenberg
Belvedere on the Klausberg
Dragon House
Orangery Palace or the New Orangery on the Klausberg
Charlottenhof Palace
Kaiserbahnhof at Potsdam Park Sanssouci railway station
Points of interest
Botanischer Garten Potsdam, a botanical garden established in 1950
Green Gate, Potsdam, the main entrance to the park
Historic Mill of Sanssouci
Sources
Paul Sigel, Silke Dähmlow, Frank Seehausen und Lucas Elmenhorst, Architekturführer Potsdam - Architectural Guide, Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-496-01325-7.
See also
Sights of Potsdam
References
External links
Media related to Sanssouci at Wikimedia Commons
Images from Park Sanssouci | has part(s) | {
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Sanssouci Park is a large park surrounding Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam, Germany, built under Frederick the Great in the mid-1700s. Following the terracing of the vineyard and the completion of the palace, the surroundings were included in the structure. A Baroque flower garden with lawns, flower beds, hedges and trees was created. In the hedge quarter 3,000 fruit trees were planted. The greenhouses of the numerous nurseries contained oranges, melons, peaches and bananas. The goddesses Flora and Pomona, who decorate the entrance obelisk at the eastern park exit, were placed there to highlight the connection of a flower, fruit and vegetable garden. Along with the Sanssouci Palace and other neaby palaces and parks, Sanssouci Park was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1990 for its unique architectural unity and testimony to 18th and 19th century landscaping in Europe.
Overview
With the expansion of the site after the creation of more buildings, a 2.5 km long straight main avenue was built. It began in the east at the 1748 obelisk and over the years was extended all the way to the New Palace, which marks its end in the west. In 1764 the picture gallery was constructed, followed by the New Chambers in 1774. They flank the palace and open the alley up to rondels with the fountains, surrounded by marble statues. From there paths lead in a star pattern between tall hedges to further parts of the gardens.
In his organisation of the park, Frederick continued what he had begun in Neuruppin and Rheinsberg. During his stay as Crown Prince in Neuruppin, where he was commander of a regiment from 1732 to 1735, he ordered that a flower, fruit and vegetable garden be laid out in the grounds of his abode. He already deviated here from the classical organisation of baroque gardens, which concerned themselves purely with the model represented by Versailles, by combining the beautiful and the useful. He also followed this principle in Rheinsberg. Apart from the transformation of the palace, which Frederick received as a present from his father Frederick William I in 1734, he ordered the establishment of fruit and vegetable garden areas enclosed by hedges. In addition the central avenue and a larger intersecting avenue did not lead directly to the palace, as was usual in French parks of the era, but took off from the south wing and at a right angle to the building.
Frederick invested heavily in the fountain system of Sanssouci Park, as water features were a firm component of baroque gardens. But the Neptune Grotto, finished in 1757 in the eastern part of the park, was used just as little for its intended function as the fountain facilities. Atop the Ruinenberg, roughly six hundred metres away, was a water basin from which no water could arrive into the park and because of the "fountaineers"' lack of expertise the project failed.
It did not succeed until steam power was employed one hundred years later, and thus the purpose of the water reservoir was finally fulfilled. In October 1842 an 81.4 horsepower steam engine built by August Borsig started working and made the water jet of the Great Fountain below the vineyard terraces rise to a height of 38 metres. A pumping station on the Havelbucht was especially built for this machine. It was commissioned by Frederick William IV and built by Ludwig Persius between 1841 and 1843, in the then fashionable Moorish Revival architectural style to look like "a Turkish Mosque with a minaret as a chimney".Many years earlier, Frederick William III had acquired an area which bordered Sanssouci Park to the south and given it to his son Frederick William IV for Christmas in 1825. There Karl Friedrich Schinkel and Ludwig Persius built Charlottenhof Palace on the site of a former farm house and Peter Joseph Lenné was commissioned with the garden design. With the baroque flower and fruit and vegetable gardens from the Frederician era in mind, the garden architect converted the flat and partly swampy grounds into an open landscape park. Broad meadows created visual avenues between Charlottenhof, the Roman Baths and the New Palace with the Temple of Friendship developed from the time of Frederick the Great. Casually placed groups of bushes and trees and a moat that was broadened into a pond at its southeastern end beautify the large park. Lenné used the materials excavated to create the pond to construct a gentle hilly area landscape where the paths meet in the shape of stars at the high points.
Buildings in Sanssouci Park
Built under Frederick the Great:
Sanssouci
Picture Gallery
New Chambers
Neptune Grotto
Chinese House
New Palace
Temple of Friendship
Antique Temple
Obelisk entrance and the ObeliskBuilt under Frederick William IV:
Roman Baths
Church of Peace with the neighbouring group of buildingsIn the neighbouring area of Sanssouci:
Ensemble of artistic ruins on the Ruinenberg
Belvedere on the Klausberg
Dragon House
Orangery Palace or the New Orangery on the Klausberg
Charlottenhof Palace
Kaiserbahnhof at Potsdam Park Sanssouci railway station
Points of interest
Botanischer Garten Potsdam, a botanical garden established in 1950
Green Gate, Potsdam, the main entrance to the park
Historic Mill of Sanssouci
Sources
Paul Sigel, Silke Dähmlow, Frank Seehausen und Lucas Elmenhorst, Architekturführer Potsdam - Architectural Guide, Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-496-01325-7.
See also
Sights of Potsdam
References
External links
Media related to Sanssouci at Wikimedia Commons
Images from Park Sanssouci | elevation above sea level | {
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Daniel James Woodards (18 November 1886 – 14 December 1964) was an English footballer who played as a wing half for West Ham United until his retirement from football in 1921.
Playing career
Woodards was born in East Ham, England and started his football career playing with local sides in East London. He joined West Ham in 1905 but did not make an appearance for them until 1907 in a game in the Southern League against Brighton. He spent the 1908–09 season at Hastings & St Leonards United where he made at least 16 appearances, scoring 7 goals in all competitions but returned to West Ham in 1909 who he would go onto play for in the Second Division after World War I. He finished playing in 1921 having made 197 appearances in all competitions for West Ham, scoring three goals
Later career
Woodards returned to West Ham to work as a groundsman at Upton Park. He was the only person in the ground when, in August 1944, a Luftwaffe V1 landed on the pitch, exploding and causing damage to the playing area. West Ham were forced to play away from Upton Park, winning nine consecutive matches. After hard work by Woodards the pitch was restored and West Ham returned there to play their home games, losing 1–0 to Tottenham Hotspur on their return.Woodards died in 1964.
== References == | place of birth | {
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Daniel James Woodards (18 November 1886 – 14 December 1964) was an English footballer who played as a wing half for West Ham United until his retirement from football in 1921.
Playing career
Woodards was born in East Ham, England and started his football career playing with local sides in East London. He joined West Ham in 1905 but did not make an appearance for them until 1907 in a game in the Southern League against Brighton. He spent the 1908–09 season at Hastings & St Leonards United where he made at least 16 appearances, scoring 7 goals in all competitions but returned to West Ham in 1909 who he would go onto play for in the Second Division after World War I. He finished playing in 1921 having made 197 appearances in all competitions for West Ham, scoring three goals
Later career
Woodards returned to West Ham to work as a groundsman at Upton Park. He was the only person in the ground when, in August 1944, a Luftwaffe V1 landed on the pitch, exploding and causing damage to the playing area. West Ham were forced to play away from Upton Park, winning nine consecutive matches. After hard work by Woodards the pitch was restored and West Ham returned there to play their home games, losing 1–0 to Tottenham Hotspur on their return.Woodards died in 1964.
== References == | position played on team / speciality | {
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Daniel James Woodards (18 November 1886 – 14 December 1964) was an English footballer who played as a wing half for West Ham United until his retirement from football in 1921.
Playing career
Woodards was born in East Ham, England and started his football career playing with local sides in East London. He joined West Ham in 1905 but did not make an appearance for them until 1907 in a game in the Southern League against Brighton. He spent the 1908–09 season at Hastings & St Leonards United where he made at least 16 appearances, scoring 7 goals in all competitions but returned to West Ham in 1909 who he would go onto play for in the Second Division after World War I. He finished playing in 1921 having made 197 appearances in all competitions for West Ham, scoring three goals
Later career
Woodards returned to West Ham to work as a groundsman at Upton Park. He was the only person in the ground when, in August 1944, a Luftwaffe V1 landed on the pitch, exploding and causing damage to the playing area. West Ham were forced to play away from Upton Park, winning nine consecutive matches. After hard work by Woodards the pitch was restored and West Ham returned there to play their home games, losing 1–0 to Tottenham Hotspur on their return.Woodards died in 1964.
== References == | given name | {
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Daniel James Woodards (18 November 1886 – 14 December 1964) was an English footballer who played as a wing half for West Ham United until his retirement from football in 1921.
Playing career
Woodards was born in East Ham, England and started his football career playing with local sides in East London. He joined West Ham in 1905 but did not make an appearance for them until 1907 in a game in the Southern League against Brighton. He spent the 1908–09 season at Hastings & St Leonards United where he made at least 16 appearances, scoring 7 goals in all competitions but returned to West Ham in 1909 who he would go onto play for in the Second Division after World War I. He finished playing in 1921 having made 197 appearances in all competitions for West Ham, scoring three goals
Later career
Woodards returned to West Ham to work as a groundsman at Upton Park. He was the only person in the ground when, in August 1944, a Luftwaffe V1 landed on the pitch, exploding and causing damage to the playing area. West Ham were forced to play away from Upton Park, winning nine consecutive matches. After hard work by Woodards the pitch was restored and West Ham returned there to play their home games, losing 1–0 to Tottenham Hotspur on their return.Woodards died in 1964.
== References == | languages spoken, written or signed | {
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Wataru Karashima (辛島 航, born October 18, 1990, in Fukuoka, Fukuoka) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball.
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference (Minors)
NPB.com | place of birth | {
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50
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Wataru Karashima (辛島 航, born October 18, 1990, in Fukuoka, Fukuoka) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball.
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference (Minors)
NPB.com | country of citizenship | {
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Wataru Karashima (辛島 航, born October 18, 1990, in Fukuoka, Fukuoka) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball.
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference (Minors)
NPB.com | member of sports team | {
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120
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Wataru Karashima (辛島 航, born October 18, 1990, in Fukuoka, Fukuoka) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball.
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference (Minors)
NPB.com | Commons category | {
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Wataru Karashima (辛島 航, born October 18, 1990, in Fukuoka, Fukuoka) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball.
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference (Minors)
NPB.com | position played on team / speciality | {
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104
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Wataru Karashima (辛島 航, born October 18, 1990, in Fukuoka, Fukuoka) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball.
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference (Minors)
NPB.com | sport | {
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Wataru Karashima (辛島 航, born October 18, 1990, in Fukuoka, Fukuoka) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball.
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference (Minors)
NPB.com | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Wataru"
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} |
Wataru Karashima (辛島 航, born October 18, 1990, in Fukuoka, Fukuoka) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball.
External links
Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference (Minors)
NPB.com | country for sport | {
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Goeku Ueekata Chōsei (越来 親方 朝誠, 23 December 1621–1 May 1695) also known by his Chinese style name Shō Mizai (向 美材), was a bureaucrat of the Ryukyu Kingdom.Goeku was born to an aristocrat family called Shō-uji Wakugawa Dunchi (向氏湧川殿内), later became the eighth head of this family. He was also a descendant of King Shō Sen'i.King Shō Tei dispatched a gratitude envoy for his accession to Edo, Japan in 1671. Prince Kin Chōkō (金武 朝興, also known by Shō Ki 尚 熙) and he was appointed as Envoy (正使, seishi) and Deputy Envoy (副使, fukushi) respectively. They sailed back in the next year.He served as a member of Sanshikan from 1675 to 1683.
== References == | position held | {
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Goeku Ueekata Chōsei (越来 親方 朝誠, 23 December 1621–1 May 1695) also known by his Chinese style name Shō Mizai (向 美材), was a bureaucrat of the Ryukyu Kingdom.Goeku was born to an aristocrat family called Shō-uji Wakugawa Dunchi (向氏湧川殿内), later became the eighth head of this family. He was also a descendant of King Shō Sen'i.King Shō Tei dispatched a gratitude envoy for his accession to Edo, Japan in 1671. Prince Kin Chōkō (金武 朝興, also known by Shō Ki 尚 熙) and he was appointed as Envoy (正使, seishi) and Deputy Envoy (副使, fukushi) respectively. They sailed back in the next year.He served as a member of Sanshikan from 1675 to 1683.
== References == | family | {
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Skottorp Castle (Swedish: Skottorps slott) is situated in the province of Halland, southern Sweden. | country | {
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Skottorp Castle (Swedish: Skottorps slott) is situated in the province of Halland, southern Sweden. | Commons category | {
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Komissarov (Komissaroff, Komissarow, Russian: Комиссаров, or Komissarova (feminine; Russian: Комиссарова), is a Slavic surname, which may refer to:
Aleksandr Pavlovich Komissarov (born 1950), Russian professional football coach
Daniel Semyonovich Komissarov (1907–2008), Russian Iranologist and distinguished professor of Persian literature
Vilen Naumovich Komissarov (1924–2005) Russian linguist, translator, and professor
Maria Komissarova, (born 1990) Russian freestyle skier
Oksana Komissarova, (born 1964) Russian swimmer | different from | {
"answer_start": [
0
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"text": [
"Komissarov"
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} |
Komissarov (Komissaroff, Komissarow, Russian: Комиссаров, or Komissarova (feminine; Russian: Комиссарова), is a Slavic surname, which may refer to:
Aleksandr Pavlovich Komissarov (born 1950), Russian professional football coach
Daniel Semyonovich Komissarov (1907–2008), Russian Iranologist and distinguished professor of Persian literature
Vilen Naumovich Komissarov (1924–2005) Russian linguist, translator, and professor
Maria Komissarova, (born 1990) Russian freestyle skier
Oksana Komissarova, (born 1964) Russian swimmer | language of work or name | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"Russian"
]
} |
Komissarov (Komissaroff, Komissarow, Russian: Комиссаров, or Komissarova (feminine; Russian: Комиссарова), is a Slavic surname, which may refer to:
Aleksandr Pavlovich Komissarov (born 1950), Russian professional football coach
Daniel Semyonovich Komissarov (1907–2008), Russian Iranologist and distinguished professor of Persian literature
Vilen Naumovich Komissarov (1924–2005) Russian linguist, translator, and professor
Maria Komissarova, (born 1990) Russian freestyle skier
Oksana Komissarova, (born 1964) Russian swimmer | said to be the same as | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Komissarov"
]
} |
Komissarov (Komissaroff, Komissarow, Russian: Комиссаров, or Komissarova (feminine; Russian: Комиссарова), is a Slavic surname, which may refer to:
Aleksandr Pavlovich Komissarov (born 1950), Russian professional football coach
Daniel Semyonovich Komissarov (1907–2008), Russian Iranologist and distinguished professor of Persian literature
Vilen Naumovich Komissarov (1924–2005) Russian linguist, translator, and professor
Maria Komissarova, (born 1990) Russian freestyle skier
Oksana Komissarova, (born 1964) Russian swimmer | native label | {
"answer_start": [
46
],
"text": [
"Комиссаров"
]
} |
Komissarov (Komissaroff, Komissarow, Russian: Комиссаров, or Komissarova (feminine; Russian: Комиссарова), is a Slavic surname, which may refer to:
Aleksandr Pavlovich Komissarov (born 1950), Russian professional football coach
Daniel Semyonovich Komissarov (1907–2008), Russian Iranologist and distinguished professor of Persian literature
Vilen Naumovich Komissarov (1924–2005) Russian linguist, translator, and professor
Maria Komissarova, (born 1990) Russian freestyle skier
Oksana Komissarova, (born 1964) Russian swimmer | country | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"Russia"
]
} |
Dorset Park is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the western part of the district of Scarborough. The neighbourhood is bordered by Highway 401 to the north, Midland Avenue to the east, Lawrence Avenue to the south, and Birchmount Road to the west. Kennedy Road runs along the neighbourhood's centre north and south and Ellesmere Road runs along the centre east and west. The area south of Lawrence Avenue, north of the hydro corridor, is known as McGregor Park and is often included as part of Dorset Park.
The business district of Scarborough is carried right through the heart of Dorset Park along Kennedy Road from Highway 401 to Lawrence Avenue. The business district along Kennedy Road is a 3.5 kilometre stretch of the road with nothing but stores, businesses and high rise buildings. Kennedy Commons, a large strip mall, is located on Kennedy Road, between Highway 401 and Ellesmere Road.
History
The area was formerly farmland, with the majority of the housing built in the 1950s. Among the landmarks are Pizza Nova, founded in 1963.
Education
One public school board operates schools in Dorset Park, the secular Toronto District School Board (TDSB). Public elementary schools operated by TDSB include:
General Crerar Public School
Dorset Park Public School
Ellesmere-Statton Public School is a elementary school located on Ellesmere Road between Birchmount and Kennedy Roads. This school is a merger of two schools, Ellesmere Junior Public School (founded in 1953, replacing S.S No. 4 that opened in the 1840s) and Wendell Statton Senior Public School (built in 1972 and opened in September 1973). Both buildings are connected to each other and the school has a diverse population of 640 students. It is named after long time Scarborough educator Wendell W. Statton, who was a principal of Ellesmere P.S.
Glamorgan Public Junior School.TDSB also operates one secondary school, Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute.
Schooling for students residing in Dorset Park is also provided by the public school boards, the Toronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB), and Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir (CSCM), Conseil scolaire Viamonde (CSM). CSCM and TCDSB are separate school boards, the former being French first language separate school board, whereas CSV is a French-first language secular school board.
See also
List of neighborhoods in Scarborough
External links
City of Toronto profile | country | {
"answer_start": [
52
],
"text": [
"Canada"
]
} |
Dorset Park is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the western part of the district of Scarborough. The neighbourhood is bordered by Highway 401 to the north, Midland Avenue to the east, Lawrence Avenue to the south, and Birchmount Road to the west. Kennedy Road runs along the neighbourhood's centre north and south and Ellesmere Road runs along the centre east and west. The area south of Lawrence Avenue, north of the hydro corridor, is known as McGregor Park and is often included as part of Dorset Park.
The business district of Scarborough is carried right through the heart of Dorset Park along Kennedy Road from Highway 401 to Lawrence Avenue. The business district along Kennedy Road is a 3.5 kilometre stretch of the road with nothing but stores, businesses and high rise buildings. Kennedy Commons, a large strip mall, is located on Kennedy Road, between Highway 401 and Ellesmere Road.
History
The area was formerly farmland, with the majority of the housing built in the 1950s. Among the landmarks are Pizza Nova, founded in 1963.
Education
One public school board operates schools in Dorset Park, the secular Toronto District School Board (TDSB). Public elementary schools operated by TDSB include:
General Crerar Public School
Dorset Park Public School
Ellesmere-Statton Public School is a elementary school located on Ellesmere Road between Birchmount and Kennedy Roads. This school is a merger of two schools, Ellesmere Junior Public School (founded in 1953, replacing S.S No. 4 that opened in the 1840s) and Wendell Statton Senior Public School (built in 1972 and opened in September 1973). Both buildings are connected to each other and the school has a diverse population of 640 students. It is named after long time Scarborough educator Wendell W. Statton, who was a principal of Ellesmere P.S.
Glamorgan Public Junior School.TDSB also operates one secondary school, Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute.
Schooling for students residing in Dorset Park is also provided by the public school boards, the Toronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB), and Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir (CSCM), Conseil scolaire Viamonde (CSM). CSCM and TCDSB are separate school boards, the former being French first language separate school board, whereas CSV is a French-first language secular school board.
See also
List of neighborhoods in Scarborough
External links
City of Toronto profile | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
2369
],
"text": [
"neighborhood"
]
} |
Dorset Park is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the western part of the district of Scarborough. The neighbourhood is bordered by Highway 401 to the north, Midland Avenue to the east, Lawrence Avenue to the south, and Birchmount Road to the west. Kennedy Road runs along the neighbourhood's centre north and south and Ellesmere Road runs along the centre east and west. The area south of Lawrence Avenue, north of the hydro corridor, is known as McGregor Park and is often included as part of Dorset Park.
The business district of Scarborough is carried right through the heart of Dorset Park along Kennedy Road from Highway 401 to Lawrence Avenue. The business district along Kennedy Road is a 3.5 kilometre stretch of the road with nothing but stores, businesses and high rise buildings. Kennedy Commons, a large strip mall, is located on Kennedy Road, between Highway 401 and Ellesmere Road.
History
The area was formerly farmland, with the majority of the housing built in the 1950s. Among the landmarks are Pizza Nova, founded in 1963.
Education
One public school board operates schools in Dorset Park, the secular Toronto District School Board (TDSB). Public elementary schools operated by TDSB include:
General Crerar Public School
Dorset Park Public School
Ellesmere-Statton Public School is a elementary school located on Ellesmere Road between Birchmount and Kennedy Roads. This school is a merger of two schools, Ellesmere Junior Public School (founded in 1953, replacing S.S No. 4 that opened in the 1840s) and Wendell Statton Senior Public School (built in 1972 and opened in September 1973). Both buildings are connected to each other and the school has a diverse population of 640 students. It is named after long time Scarborough educator Wendell W. Statton, who was a principal of Ellesmere P.S.
Glamorgan Public Junior School.TDSB also operates one secondary school, Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute.
Schooling for students residing in Dorset Park is also provided by the public school boards, the Toronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB), and Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir (CSCM), Conseil scolaire Viamonde (CSM). CSCM and TCDSB are separate school boards, the former being French first language separate school board, whereas CSV is a French-first language secular school board.
See also
List of neighborhoods in Scarborough
External links
City of Toronto profile | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
113
],
"text": [
"Scarborough"
]
} |
Dorset Park is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the western part of the district of Scarborough. The neighbourhood is bordered by Highway 401 to the north, Midland Avenue to the east, Lawrence Avenue to the south, and Birchmount Road to the west. Kennedy Road runs along the neighbourhood's centre north and south and Ellesmere Road runs along the centre east and west. The area south of Lawrence Avenue, north of the hydro corridor, is known as McGregor Park and is often included as part of Dorset Park.
The business district of Scarborough is carried right through the heart of Dorset Park along Kennedy Road from Highway 401 to Lawrence Avenue. The business district along Kennedy Road is a 3.5 kilometre stretch of the road with nothing but stores, businesses and high rise buildings. Kennedy Commons, a large strip mall, is located on Kennedy Road, between Highway 401 and Ellesmere Road.
History
The area was formerly farmland, with the majority of the housing built in the 1950s. Among the landmarks are Pizza Nova, founded in 1963.
Education
One public school board operates schools in Dorset Park, the secular Toronto District School Board (TDSB). Public elementary schools operated by TDSB include:
General Crerar Public School
Dorset Park Public School
Ellesmere-Statton Public School is a elementary school located on Ellesmere Road between Birchmount and Kennedy Roads. This school is a merger of two schools, Ellesmere Junior Public School (founded in 1953, replacing S.S No. 4 that opened in the 1840s) and Wendell Statton Senior Public School (built in 1972 and opened in September 1973). Both buildings are connected to each other and the school has a diverse population of 640 students. It is named after long time Scarborough educator Wendell W. Statton, who was a principal of Ellesmere P.S.
Glamorgan Public Junior School.TDSB also operates one secondary school, Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute.
Schooling for students residing in Dorset Park is also provided by the public school boards, the Toronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB), and Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir (CSCM), Conseil scolaire Viamonde (CSM). CSCM and TCDSB are separate school boards, the former being French first language separate school board, whereas CSV is a French-first language secular school board.
See also
List of neighborhoods in Scarborough
External links
City of Toronto profile | elevation above sea level | {
"answer_start": [
167
],
"text": [
"40"
]
} |
Sam Cavanagh is an Australian radio producer.
Cavanagh is currently the executive producer of The Hamish & Andy Show.
Career
Cavanagh and Hamish Blake have been friends since age 15.
Personal life
Cavanagh and partner Katie "Monty" Dimond are parents to three children.
Awards
2007: Best Show Producer, Australian Commercial Radio Awards
2008: Best Show Producer, Australian Commercial Radio Awards
2009: Best Show Producer, Australian Commercial Radio Awards
References
External links
Meet Hamish & Andy's producer | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
30
],
"text": [
"radio producer"
]
} |
Sam Cavanagh is an Australian radio producer.
Cavanagh is currently the executive producer of The Hamish & Andy Show.
Career
Cavanagh and Hamish Blake have been friends since age 15.
Personal life
Cavanagh and partner Katie "Monty" Dimond are parents to three children.
Awards
2007: Best Show Producer, Australian Commercial Radio Awards
2008: Best Show Producer, Australian Commercial Radio Awards
2009: Best Show Producer, Australian Commercial Radio Awards
References
External links
Meet Hamish & Andy's producer | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Sam"
]
} |
The 1986 Togolese coup d'état attempt was a coup attempt that occurred in the West African country of Togo on 23 September 1986. The coup attempt consisted of a group of some 70 armed dissidents crossed into capital Lomé from Ghana in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the government of President General Gnassingbé Eyadéma.
The coup attempt
According to radio reports, at about 20:00 UTC, the rebels entered Lomé (located on the border with Ghana) in about 30–40 trucks. They headed straight for a military camp in where Eyadéma resided, and opened fire with automatic weapons and rocket launchers.The rebels also attacked the radio station and the governing RPT party headquarters.A radio report said the rebel attack was repulsed by a counterattack led by Eyadema himself. The crushing of the coup attempt involved Togolese Armed Forces troops and warplanes. At least 14 or 13 people were killed in an all-night street battle, and 19 of the rebels were captured. 6 civilians also were killed, state-run radio reported.The West German Foreign Ministry officials said in Bonn that their citizen, a businessman, was killed in the fighting. They described the battle as an apparent bid to topple the government.
Aftermath
The Ghana–Togo border was closed. People were ordered off the streets, and an indefinite curfew was imposed on Lomé.Following the requested of Eyadéma for military help of France, the French Defence Ministry said on 26 September that it was sending warplanes and troops to Togo. The ministry said the troops were being sent in line with a 1963 agreement with Togo.Eyadéma was re-elected unopposed at the 21 December 1986 presidential election, and continued to rule the country until his death on 5 February 2005.
References
Notes
Bibliography
Wurster, Patrick F.A. (2005). "Togo: Eyadema, Gnassingbe, Life and Era of President of Togo". In Kevin Shillington (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History. Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 1566–1568. ISBN 1135456704.
Kuranga, David Oladipupo (2012). The Power of Interdependence: Lessons from Africa. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-01993-6. | country | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"Togo"
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} |
The 1986 Togolese coup d'état attempt was a coup attempt that occurred in the West African country of Togo on 23 September 1986. The coup attempt consisted of a group of some 70 armed dissidents crossed into capital Lomé from Ghana in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the government of President General Gnassingbé Eyadéma.
The coup attempt
According to radio reports, at about 20:00 UTC, the rebels entered Lomé (located on the border with Ghana) in about 30–40 trucks. They headed straight for a military camp in where Eyadéma resided, and opened fire with automatic weapons and rocket launchers.The rebels also attacked the radio station and the governing RPT party headquarters.A radio report said the rebel attack was repulsed by a counterattack led by Eyadema himself. The crushing of the coup attempt involved Togolese Armed Forces troops and warplanes. At least 14 or 13 people were killed in an all-night street battle, and 19 of the rebels were captured. 6 civilians also were killed, state-run radio reported.The West German Foreign Ministry officials said in Bonn that their citizen, a businessman, was killed in the fighting. They described the battle as an apparent bid to topple the government.
Aftermath
The Ghana–Togo border was closed. People were ordered off the streets, and an indefinite curfew was imposed on Lomé.Following the requested of Eyadéma for military help of France, the French Defence Ministry said on 26 September that it was sending warplanes and troops to Togo. The ministry said the troops were being sent in line with a 1963 agreement with Togo.Eyadéma was re-elected unopposed at the 21 December 1986 presidential election, and continued to rule the country until his death on 5 February 2005.
References
Notes
Bibliography
Wurster, Patrick F.A. (2005). "Togo: Eyadema, Gnassingbe, Life and Era of President of Togo". In Kevin Shillington (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History. Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 1566–1568. ISBN 1135456704.
Kuranga, David Oladipupo (2012). The Power of Interdependence: Lessons from Africa. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-01993-6. | location | {
"answer_start": [
216
],
"text": [
"Lomé"
]
} |
Peter Biggs was the senior special effects technician for the movie Who Framed Roger Rabbit and a number of Hollywood films during the 1980s.
Filmography
A Kiss Before Dying (1991) – Special effects technician
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) – Senior special effects
Labyrinth (1986) – Special effects technician
Supergirl (1984) – Special effects technician
Krull (1983) – Special effects technician
Superman (1978) – Special effects technician
2001 Space Odyssey (1965)
References
"Peter Biggs". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Baseline & All Movie Guide. 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-10-19. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
External links
Peter Biggs at IMDb | family name | {
"answer_start": [
6
],
"text": [
"Biggs"
]
} |
Peter Biggs was the senior special effects technician for the movie Who Framed Roger Rabbit and a number of Hollywood films during the 1980s.
Filmography
A Kiss Before Dying (1991) – Special effects technician
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) – Senior special effects
Labyrinth (1986) – Special effects technician
Supergirl (1984) – Special effects technician
Krull (1983) – Special effects technician
Superman (1978) – Special effects technician
2001 Space Odyssey (1965)
References
"Peter Biggs". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Baseline & All Movie Guide. 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-10-19. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
External links
Peter Biggs at IMDb | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Peter"
]
} |
Anolis confusus, the Cabo Cruz trunk anole, is a species of lizard in the family Dactyloidae. The species is found in Cuba.
== References == | taxon rank | {
"answer_start": [
49
],
"text": [
"species"
]
} |
Anolis confusus, the Cabo Cruz trunk anole, is a species of lizard in the family Dactyloidae. The species is found in Cuba.
== References == | parent taxon | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Anolis"
]
} |
Anolis confusus, the Cabo Cruz trunk anole, is a species of lizard in the family Dactyloidae. The species is found in Cuba.
== References == | taxon name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Anolis confusus"
]
} |
Katteni-Shiyagare (勝手にしやがれ) is a swing/jazz band with punk influences, formed in 1997, with its major label debut on Epic Records Japan in 2004. They are perhaps best known in the US for the opening theme to the Japanese series Kemonozume, "Auvers Blue" as well as the first opening to the anime Gallery Fake, "Ragtime". They also performed a cover of Cole Porter's "You'd Be So Nice to Come Home To" with fellow Sony Music Japan artist Mika Nakashima, which was released on the Katteni-Shiyagare tribute album and also included with her single Eien no Uta.
Members
Kazu "Kazz" Tanaka (田中和) (trumpet)
Shinobu Fukushima (福島忍) (trombone and vocals)
Shōhei Mutō (武藤昭平) (drums and lead vocals)
Masaki Urano (浦野正樹) (double bass)
Takeshi Taura (田浦健) (tenor saxophone)
Sei Iijima (飯島誓) (baritone saxophone)
Junichirō Saitō (斉藤淳一郎) (piano)
External links
Official site
Interview with the band | genre | {
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"jazz"
]
} |
Mount Combs (73°29′S 79°9′W) is an isolated mountain rising above the ice surface at the base of Rydberg Peninsula, Palmer Land. It was discovered by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (1947–48) under Finn Ronne, who named it for Representative J.M. Combs of Beaumont, Texas, who did much to gain support for the expedition.
References
This article incorporates public domain material from "Combs, Mount". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
44
],
"text": [
"mountain"
]
} |
The Christchurch Railway Cycleway follows the Main North railway in Christchurch. The route currently extends from Kilmarnock Street (Riccarton) in the south, through Fendalton and Papanui to Tuckers Road (Northcote) in the north. The northernmost section, from Northcote Road to Tuckers Road, was completed in early 2010. When this section was finished, the pathway was about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long.
Route
Existing path
The path follows the route of the Main North Line, which is operational. It is essentially flat, varying in width from 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in) wide to 3.5 metres (11 ft) wide depending on the available corridor. A description of the route can be found in a Christchurch City Council publication.Despite its commonly used name, the pathway is a shared pedestrian/cycle facility. It connects a number of schools (e.g. Papanui High School, Waimairi School, Christchurch Girls' High School) and local shopping centres (Papanui, Strowan) and provides an off-road commuter connection from the northern suburbs to Riccarton and the central city.
Intersection control
The core section of the pathway (from Harewood Road to Matai Street) was constructed in the late 1990s / early 2000s. Of the five road crossings, three (Fendalton Road, Wairakei Road and Glandovey Road) were considered to require traffic signal control. One of the crossing points (Blighs Road) has since been retrofitted with traffic signals. The 2010 extension to Tuckers Road also included the creation of a signalised crossing at Northcote Road.
The signalised crossings feature bicycle detectors on the pathway well in advance of the intersections, so that riders receive a green signal as they arrive at the crossings.
Proposed path extensions
A pathway extension to the north (from Tuckers Road to Main North Road) is under design and was in the 2009–19 Long Term Plan prior to the Canterbury earthquakes. A feasibility study commissioned by Christchurch City Council also covered an extension to the suburb of Belfast, and possible links to the proposed Northern Arterial Highway Corridor.South, there are plans in the next decade to continue the pathway along the railway line through Riccarton across Riccarton Road and on to Blenheim Road and the Christchurch railway station. Longer-term, the current city transport strategic plan envisages linking this corridor with others along the railway lines to the west and southeast.
References
External links
Christchurch City Council cycling website | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
683
],
"text": [
"Christchurch City"
]
} |
The Christchurch Railway Cycleway follows the Main North railway in Christchurch. The route currently extends from Kilmarnock Street (Riccarton) in the south, through Fendalton and Papanui to Tuckers Road (Northcote) in the north. The northernmost section, from Northcote Road to Tuckers Road, was completed in early 2010. When this section was finished, the pathway was about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long.
Route
Existing path
The path follows the route of the Main North Line, which is operational. It is essentially flat, varying in width from 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in) wide to 3.5 metres (11 ft) wide depending on the available corridor. A description of the route can be found in a Christchurch City Council publication.Despite its commonly used name, the pathway is a shared pedestrian/cycle facility. It connects a number of schools (e.g. Papanui High School, Waimairi School, Christchurch Girls' High School) and local shopping centres (Papanui, Strowan) and provides an off-road commuter connection from the northern suburbs to Riccarton and the central city.
Intersection control
The core section of the pathway (from Harewood Road to Matai Street) was constructed in the late 1990s / early 2000s. Of the five road crossings, three (Fendalton Road, Wairakei Road and Glandovey Road) were considered to require traffic signal control. One of the crossing points (Blighs Road) has since been retrofitted with traffic signals. The 2010 extension to Tuckers Road also included the creation of a signalised crossing at Northcote Road.
The signalised crossings feature bicycle detectors on the pathway well in advance of the intersections, so that riders receive a green signal as they arrive at the crossings.
Proposed path extensions
A pathway extension to the north (from Tuckers Road to Main North Road) is under design and was in the 2009–19 Long Term Plan prior to the Canterbury earthquakes. A feasibility study commissioned by Christchurch City Council also covered an extension to the suburb of Belfast, and possible links to the proposed Northern Arterial Highway Corridor.South, there are plans in the next decade to continue the pathway along the railway line through Riccarton across Riccarton Road and on to Blenheim Road and the Christchurch railway station. Longer-term, the current city transport strategic plan envisages linking this corridor with others along the railway lines to the west and southeast.
References
External links
Christchurch City Council cycling website | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Christchurch Railway Cycleway"
]
} |
The Christchurch Railway Cycleway follows the Main North railway in Christchurch. The route currently extends from Kilmarnock Street (Riccarton) in the south, through Fendalton and Papanui to Tuckers Road (Northcote) in the north. The northernmost section, from Northcote Road to Tuckers Road, was completed in early 2010. When this section was finished, the pathway was about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long.
Route
Existing path
The path follows the route of the Main North Line, which is operational. It is essentially flat, varying in width from 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in) wide to 3.5 metres (11 ft) wide depending on the available corridor. A description of the route can be found in a Christchurch City Council publication.Despite its commonly used name, the pathway is a shared pedestrian/cycle facility. It connects a number of schools (e.g. Papanui High School, Waimairi School, Christchurch Girls' High School) and local shopping centres (Papanui, Strowan) and provides an off-road commuter connection from the northern suburbs to Riccarton and the central city.
Intersection control
The core section of the pathway (from Harewood Road to Matai Street) was constructed in the late 1990s / early 2000s. Of the five road crossings, three (Fendalton Road, Wairakei Road and Glandovey Road) were considered to require traffic signal control. One of the crossing points (Blighs Road) has since been retrofitted with traffic signals. The 2010 extension to Tuckers Road also included the creation of a signalised crossing at Northcote Road.
The signalised crossings feature bicycle detectors on the pathway well in advance of the intersections, so that riders receive a green signal as they arrive at the crossings.
Proposed path extensions
A pathway extension to the north (from Tuckers Road to Main North Road) is under design and was in the 2009–19 Long Term Plan prior to the Canterbury earthquakes. A feasibility study commissioned by Christchurch City Council also covered an extension to the suburb of Belfast, and possible links to the proposed Northern Arterial Highway Corridor.South, there are plans in the next decade to continue the pathway along the railway line through Riccarton across Riccarton Road and on to Blenheim Road and the Christchurch railway station. Longer-term, the current city transport strategic plan envisages linking this corridor with others along the railway lines to the west and southeast.
References
External links
Christchurch City Council cycling website | length | {
"answer_start": [
377
],
"text": [
"6"
]
} |
Suez University is an Egyptian public university established by the presidential decree no 193 in 2012 to transfer Suez Canal University branch in Suez to an independent university. Suez University is the first university established by a presidential decree after the January 25 revolution in Egypt.
Centers
Center of Excellence for Energy and Water
Public Service Center for Human Development and Performance Development
Center for Scientific Consultation, Training and Environmental monitoring
Center for Community Service and Environmental Development
Public Service Center for Engineering and Environment
Public Service Center for Technological Consultation, Research and Training
Public Service Center for Trade and Economic Consultation
References
Official website
External links
Suez Suez Governorate | country | {
"answer_start": [
22
],
"text": [
"Egypt"
]
} |
Suez University is an Egyptian public university established by the presidential decree no 193 in 2012 to transfer Suez Canal University branch in Suez to an independent university. Suez University is the first university established by a presidential decree after the January 25 revolution in Egypt.
Centers
Center of Excellence for Energy and Water
Public Service Center for Human Development and Performance Development
Center for Scientific Consultation, Training and Environmental monitoring
Center for Community Service and Environmental Development
Public Service Center for Engineering and Environment
Public Service Center for Technological Consultation, Research and Training
Public Service Center for Trade and Economic Consultation
References
Official website
External links
Suez Suez Governorate | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"university"
]
} |
Suez University is an Egyptian public university established by the presidential decree no 193 in 2012 to transfer Suez Canal University branch in Suez to an independent university. Suez University is the first university established by a presidential decree after the January 25 revolution in Egypt.
Centers
Center of Excellence for Energy and Water
Public Service Center for Human Development and Performance Development
Center for Scientific Consultation, Training and Environmental monitoring
Center for Community Service and Environmental Development
Public Service Center for Engineering and Environment
Public Service Center for Technological Consultation, Research and Training
Public Service Center for Trade and Economic Consultation
References
Official website
External links
Suez Suez Governorate | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Suez"
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} |
Dafnoudi (Greek: Δαφνούδι) a village in Serres regional unit of Central Macedonia, Greece, located 22 km east of the city of Serres, at a short distance from the southwest slopes of the mountain Menoikio. Since 2011 administrative reform it is a municipal unit of the municipality of Emmanouil Pappas and has a population of 443 inhabitants. Until 1928 it was named “Nouska”.
History
Antiquity
About 1000 m. west of Dafnoudi - at the "Paliochori" site - the location of a Roman settlement has been identified, based on the surface pottery. From the same place comes also the epitaph of a Thracian (2nd century AD).
Furthermore, on the hill "Kailias", located a few kilometers northeast of Dafnoudi, near the administrative boundaries with the village of Agios Christoforos, there are remnants (walls and foundations of buildings) of an ancient fortified settlement. On the slopes of the nearby hills were discovered tombs and fragments of Roman-era vases.
This is probably the place where another tomb of a Thracian (1st century AD), formerly found in the surrounding area by a resident of Agios Christoforos, probably comes from.
== References == | country | {
"answer_start": [
83
],
"text": [
"Greece"
]
} |
Dafnoudi (Greek: Δαφνούδι) a village in Serres regional unit of Central Macedonia, Greece, located 22 km east of the city of Serres, at a short distance from the southwest slopes of the mountain Menoikio. Since 2011 administrative reform it is a municipal unit of the municipality of Emmanouil Pappas and has a population of 443 inhabitants. Until 1928 it was named “Nouska”.
History
Antiquity
About 1000 m. west of Dafnoudi - at the "Paliochori" site - the location of a Roman settlement has been identified, based on the surface pottery. From the same place comes also the epitaph of a Thracian (2nd century AD).
Furthermore, on the hill "Kailias", located a few kilometers northeast of Dafnoudi, near the administrative boundaries with the village of Agios Christoforos, there are remnants (walls and foundations of buildings) of an ancient fortified settlement. On the slopes of the nearby hills were discovered tombs and fragments of Roman-era vases.
This is probably the place where another tomb of a Thracian (1st century AD), formerly found in the surrounding area by a resident of Agios Christoforos, probably comes from.
== References == | population | {
"answer_start": [
326
],
"text": [
"443"
]
} |
Elektron may refer to:
Elektron (alloy), a magnesium alloy
Elektron (company), a musical instrument company
Elektron (ISS), a Russian oxygen generator
Elektron (resin) or amber, a fossilised resin
Elektron (satellite), a series of four Soviet particle physics satellites
See also
Electron, a subatomic particle
Electron (disambiguation)
Tron (disambiguation) | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Elektron"
]
} |
Elektron may refer to:
Elektron (alloy), a magnesium alloy
Elektron (company), a musical instrument company
Elektron (ISS), a Russian oxygen generator
Elektron (resin) or amber, a fossilised resin
Elektron (satellite), a series of four Soviet particle physics satellites
See also
Electron, a subatomic particle
Electron (disambiguation)
Tron (disambiguation) | said to be the same as | {
"answer_start": [
339
],
"text": [
"Tron"
]
} |
Elektron may refer to:
Elektron (alloy), a magnesium alloy
Elektron (company), a musical instrument company
Elektron (ISS), a Russian oxygen generator
Elektron (resin) or amber, a fossilised resin
Elektron (satellite), a series of four Soviet particle physics satellites
See also
Electron, a subatomic particle
Electron (disambiguation)
Tron (disambiguation) | different from | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"amber"
]
} |
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