texts stringlengths 40 104k | questions stringlengths 3 63 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|
Elektron may refer to:
Elektron (alloy), a magnesium alloy
Elektron (company), a musical instrument company
Elektron (ISS), a Russian oxygen generator
Elektron (resin) or amber, a fossilised resin
Elektron (satellite), a series of four Soviet particle physics satellites
See also
Electron, a subatomic particle
Electron (disambiguation)
Tron (disambiguation) | title | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"Elektron"
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Vidovice is a village in the municipality of Orašje, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 1,678.
== References == | country | {
"answer_start": [
53
],
"text": [
"Bosnia and Herzegovina"
]
} |
Vidovice is a village in the municipality of Orašje, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 1,678.
== References == | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
14
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"text": [
"village"
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Vidovice is a village in the municipality of Orašje, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 1,678.
== References == | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Vidovice"
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Vidovice is a village in the municipality of Orašje, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 1,678.
== References == | official name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Vidovice"
]
} |
Kadalpalam is a 1969 Malayalam language film directed by K. S. Sethumadhavan, written by K. T. Mohammed and produced by M. O. Joseph under Manjilas Films. The film stars Sathyan, Prem Nazir and Jayabharathi with Sheela, Bahadoor and Adoor Bhasi in other prominent roles. The film features original songs composed by Devarajan, cinematography by Melli Irani.The film is an adaptation of the critically acclaimed professional stage play of the same name authored by the renowned dramatist K. T. Mohammed, which is an adaptation of the 1940 Hindi film Prem Nagar. The film revolves around Narayana Kaimal, a successful lawyer, who loses his eyesight and has to rely on his servant Appu. Then after a while he regains his eyesight but pretends to be blind in order to test his children.
The film was released on 25 July 1969. The film was critically well received and was a box office hit. The film won 5 film awards in the inaugural Kerala State Film Awards for Best Dialogues (K. T. Mohammed), Best Actor (Sathyan), for Best Music Director (Devarajan), Best Lyrics (Vayalar Ramavarma), Best Singer (P. Leela) The film is probably best remembered for the performance by Sathyan who received the first ever State Award for Best Actor for his memorable performance in the film. Noted singer S. P. Balasubrahmanyam debuted in Malayalam cinema with this film. The film was remade in Hindi as Zameen Aasmaan (1972).
Plot
The story revolves round the family of Narayana Kaimal, a leading advocate who loses his eyesight. Kaimal is a strict disciplinarian and always tries to impose his thoughts and principles on his children and fellow beings. This creates a conflict with others. Kaimal's elder son Raghu dislikes the obstinate nature of his father leading to constant conflicts between the two. Kaimal's younger son Prabhakaran who is an advocate and daughter Geetha try to obey their father, but at times they only pretend to obey him. Kaimal now sees the world through the eyes of his faithful servant Appu.
Prabhakaran is in love with Sarala, daughter of Kaimal's servant Sreedharan Pillai. Geetha is in love with Murali, the adopted son of Kadeeja, who lives in the neighbourhood. Appu is warned against telling anything about the love affairs to Kaimal. Raghu believes that they lost their mother at very young age only because of the arrogance of their father. Raghu is married to Prashanthi who was his father's choice.
Raghu shows his protest by his rude behavior towards his wife. Kaimal demands to give back the tile factory which he had given to Raghu. But Raghu refuses to part with the factory. Kaimal files a court case against his son.
Geetha marries Murali and Raghu supports them. Kaimal regains his eyesight and is thunderstruck to know about the happenings that took place while he was blind. He decides to pretend to be blind so as to know more about his children. Only Appu is aware that Kaimal is now not blind. Kaimal plots to stop the marriage of Prabhakaran. He offers partnership of the factory to the manager Nanukuttan Nair if he could help conduct the marriage of his son, who is a police inspector, with Sarala. Nair agrees to carry out the crooked plan.
The verdict of the court goes against Kaimal. But Prabhakaran hides this from his father. Prabhakaran does not allow Geetha to meet Kaimal and when Kadeeja come and raises voice for justice, Kaimal hits her. Murali attacks Kaimal and now all come to know that Kaimal is not blind. Prabhakaran comes to know about the crooked plan of his father. All the children turn against Kaimal. Unable to stand the setback and the thought that he had failed in his attempts to control his children with an iron hand he suffers a heart attack and dies.
Cast
Soundtrack
The film had four songs penned by Vayalar Ramavarma and set to tune by Devarajan. S. P. Balasubrahmanyam debuted in Malayalam with this film. It was R. K. Shekhar who recommended S.P. Balasubrahmanyam. to Devarajan. P Leela received the first Kerala State Award for Best Female Singer for Ujjayiniyile Gaayika.
Reception
The Hindu wrote, "Sathyan excelled in his double role. The film dispensed with comic scenes. Deviating from their usual comedy roles, Bahadur and Adoor Bhasi performed character roles in the film. Bahadur's performance as the faithful servant who is under pressure to act against his conscience is considered as one of the best he has essayed. Prem Nazir, Sheela, Jayabharathi and Adoor Bhavani also performed their roles impressively.
Accolades
== References == | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
40
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"text": [
"film"
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Kadalpalam is a 1969 Malayalam language film directed by K. S. Sethumadhavan, written by K. T. Mohammed and produced by M. O. Joseph under Manjilas Films. The film stars Sathyan, Prem Nazir and Jayabharathi with Sheela, Bahadoor and Adoor Bhasi in other prominent roles. The film features original songs composed by Devarajan, cinematography by Melli Irani.The film is an adaptation of the critically acclaimed professional stage play of the same name authored by the renowned dramatist K. T. Mohammed, which is an adaptation of the 1940 Hindi film Prem Nagar. The film revolves around Narayana Kaimal, a successful lawyer, who loses his eyesight and has to rely on his servant Appu. Then after a while he regains his eyesight but pretends to be blind in order to test his children.
The film was released on 25 July 1969. The film was critically well received and was a box office hit. The film won 5 film awards in the inaugural Kerala State Film Awards for Best Dialogues (K. T. Mohammed), Best Actor (Sathyan), for Best Music Director (Devarajan), Best Lyrics (Vayalar Ramavarma), Best Singer (P. Leela) The film is probably best remembered for the performance by Sathyan who received the first ever State Award for Best Actor for his memorable performance in the film. Noted singer S. P. Balasubrahmanyam debuted in Malayalam cinema with this film. The film was remade in Hindi as Zameen Aasmaan (1972).
Plot
The story revolves round the family of Narayana Kaimal, a leading advocate who loses his eyesight. Kaimal is a strict disciplinarian and always tries to impose his thoughts and principles on his children and fellow beings. This creates a conflict with others. Kaimal's elder son Raghu dislikes the obstinate nature of his father leading to constant conflicts between the two. Kaimal's younger son Prabhakaran who is an advocate and daughter Geetha try to obey their father, but at times they only pretend to obey him. Kaimal now sees the world through the eyes of his faithful servant Appu.
Prabhakaran is in love with Sarala, daughter of Kaimal's servant Sreedharan Pillai. Geetha is in love with Murali, the adopted son of Kadeeja, who lives in the neighbourhood. Appu is warned against telling anything about the love affairs to Kaimal. Raghu believes that they lost their mother at very young age only because of the arrogance of their father. Raghu is married to Prashanthi who was his father's choice.
Raghu shows his protest by his rude behavior towards his wife. Kaimal demands to give back the tile factory which he had given to Raghu. But Raghu refuses to part with the factory. Kaimal files a court case against his son.
Geetha marries Murali and Raghu supports them. Kaimal regains his eyesight and is thunderstruck to know about the happenings that took place while he was blind. He decides to pretend to be blind so as to know more about his children. Only Appu is aware that Kaimal is now not blind. Kaimal plots to stop the marriage of Prabhakaran. He offers partnership of the factory to the manager Nanukuttan Nair if he could help conduct the marriage of his son, who is a police inspector, with Sarala. Nair agrees to carry out the crooked plan.
The verdict of the court goes against Kaimal. But Prabhakaran hides this from his father. Prabhakaran does not allow Geetha to meet Kaimal and when Kadeeja come and raises voice for justice, Kaimal hits her. Murali attacks Kaimal and now all come to know that Kaimal is not blind. Prabhakaran comes to know about the crooked plan of his father. All the children turn against Kaimal. Unable to stand the setback and the thought that he had failed in his attempts to control his children with an iron hand he suffers a heart attack and dies.
Cast
Soundtrack
The film had four songs penned by Vayalar Ramavarma and set to tune by Devarajan. S. P. Balasubrahmanyam debuted in Malayalam with this film. It was R. K. Shekhar who recommended S.P. Balasubrahmanyam. to Devarajan. P Leela received the first Kerala State Award for Best Female Singer for Ujjayiniyile Gaayika.
Reception
The Hindu wrote, "Sathyan excelled in his double role. The film dispensed with comic scenes. Deviating from their usual comedy roles, Bahadur and Adoor Bhasi performed character roles in the film. Bahadur's performance as the faithful servant who is under pressure to act against his conscience is considered as one of the best he has essayed. Prem Nazir, Sheela, Jayabharathi and Adoor Bhavani also performed their roles impressively.
Accolades
== References == | director | {
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"K. S. Sethumadhavan"
]
} |
Kadalpalam is a 1969 Malayalam language film directed by K. S. Sethumadhavan, written by K. T. Mohammed and produced by M. O. Joseph under Manjilas Films. The film stars Sathyan, Prem Nazir and Jayabharathi with Sheela, Bahadoor and Adoor Bhasi in other prominent roles. The film features original songs composed by Devarajan, cinematography by Melli Irani.The film is an adaptation of the critically acclaimed professional stage play of the same name authored by the renowned dramatist K. T. Mohammed, which is an adaptation of the 1940 Hindi film Prem Nagar. The film revolves around Narayana Kaimal, a successful lawyer, who loses his eyesight and has to rely on his servant Appu. Then after a while he regains his eyesight but pretends to be blind in order to test his children.
The film was released on 25 July 1969. The film was critically well received and was a box office hit. The film won 5 film awards in the inaugural Kerala State Film Awards for Best Dialogues (K. T. Mohammed), Best Actor (Sathyan), for Best Music Director (Devarajan), Best Lyrics (Vayalar Ramavarma), Best Singer (P. Leela) The film is probably best remembered for the performance by Sathyan who received the first ever State Award for Best Actor for his memorable performance in the film. Noted singer S. P. Balasubrahmanyam debuted in Malayalam cinema with this film. The film was remade in Hindi as Zameen Aasmaan (1972).
Plot
The story revolves round the family of Narayana Kaimal, a leading advocate who loses his eyesight. Kaimal is a strict disciplinarian and always tries to impose his thoughts and principles on his children and fellow beings. This creates a conflict with others. Kaimal's elder son Raghu dislikes the obstinate nature of his father leading to constant conflicts between the two. Kaimal's younger son Prabhakaran who is an advocate and daughter Geetha try to obey their father, but at times they only pretend to obey him. Kaimal now sees the world through the eyes of his faithful servant Appu.
Prabhakaran is in love with Sarala, daughter of Kaimal's servant Sreedharan Pillai. Geetha is in love with Murali, the adopted son of Kadeeja, who lives in the neighbourhood. Appu is warned against telling anything about the love affairs to Kaimal. Raghu believes that they lost their mother at very young age only because of the arrogance of their father. Raghu is married to Prashanthi who was his father's choice.
Raghu shows his protest by his rude behavior towards his wife. Kaimal demands to give back the tile factory which he had given to Raghu. But Raghu refuses to part with the factory. Kaimal files a court case against his son.
Geetha marries Murali and Raghu supports them. Kaimal regains his eyesight and is thunderstruck to know about the happenings that took place while he was blind. He decides to pretend to be blind so as to know more about his children. Only Appu is aware that Kaimal is now not blind. Kaimal plots to stop the marriage of Prabhakaran. He offers partnership of the factory to the manager Nanukuttan Nair if he could help conduct the marriage of his son, who is a police inspector, with Sarala. Nair agrees to carry out the crooked plan.
The verdict of the court goes against Kaimal. But Prabhakaran hides this from his father. Prabhakaran does not allow Geetha to meet Kaimal and when Kadeeja come and raises voice for justice, Kaimal hits her. Murali attacks Kaimal and now all come to know that Kaimal is not blind. Prabhakaran comes to know about the crooked plan of his father. All the children turn against Kaimal. Unable to stand the setback and the thought that he had failed in his attempts to control his children with an iron hand he suffers a heart attack and dies.
Cast
Soundtrack
The film had four songs penned by Vayalar Ramavarma and set to tune by Devarajan. S. P. Balasubrahmanyam debuted in Malayalam with this film. It was R. K. Shekhar who recommended S.P. Balasubrahmanyam. to Devarajan. P Leela received the first Kerala State Award for Best Female Singer for Ujjayiniyile Gaayika.
Reception
The Hindu wrote, "Sathyan excelled in his double role. The film dispensed with comic scenes. Deviating from their usual comedy roles, Bahadur and Adoor Bhasi performed character roles in the film. Bahadur's performance as the faithful servant who is under pressure to act against his conscience is considered as one of the best he has essayed. Prem Nazir, Sheela, Jayabharathi and Adoor Bhavani also performed their roles impressively.
Accolades
== References == | cast member | {
"answer_start": [
212
],
"text": [
"Sheela"
]
} |
Kadalpalam is a 1969 Malayalam language film directed by K. S. Sethumadhavan, written by K. T. Mohammed and produced by M. O. Joseph under Manjilas Films. The film stars Sathyan, Prem Nazir and Jayabharathi with Sheela, Bahadoor and Adoor Bhasi in other prominent roles. The film features original songs composed by Devarajan, cinematography by Melli Irani.The film is an adaptation of the critically acclaimed professional stage play of the same name authored by the renowned dramatist K. T. Mohammed, which is an adaptation of the 1940 Hindi film Prem Nagar. The film revolves around Narayana Kaimal, a successful lawyer, who loses his eyesight and has to rely on his servant Appu. Then after a while he regains his eyesight but pretends to be blind in order to test his children.
The film was released on 25 July 1969. The film was critically well received and was a box office hit. The film won 5 film awards in the inaugural Kerala State Film Awards for Best Dialogues (K. T. Mohammed), Best Actor (Sathyan), for Best Music Director (Devarajan), Best Lyrics (Vayalar Ramavarma), Best Singer (P. Leela) The film is probably best remembered for the performance by Sathyan who received the first ever State Award for Best Actor for his memorable performance in the film. Noted singer S. P. Balasubrahmanyam debuted in Malayalam cinema with this film. The film was remade in Hindi as Zameen Aasmaan (1972).
Plot
The story revolves round the family of Narayana Kaimal, a leading advocate who loses his eyesight. Kaimal is a strict disciplinarian and always tries to impose his thoughts and principles on his children and fellow beings. This creates a conflict with others. Kaimal's elder son Raghu dislikes the obstinate nature of his father leading to constant conflicts between the two. Kaimal's younger son Prabhakaran who is an advocate and daughter Geetha try to obey their father, but at times they only pretend to obey him. Kaimal now sees the world through the eyes of his faithful servant Appu.
Prabhakaran is in love with Sarala, daughter of Kaimal's servant Sreedharan Pillai. Geetha is in love with Murali, the adopted son of Kadeeja, who lives in the neighbourhood. Appu is warned against telling anything about the love affairs to Kaimal. Raghu believes that they lost their mother at very young age only because of the arrogance of their father. Raghu is married to Prashanthi who was his father's choice.
Raghu shows his protest by his rude behavior towards his wife. Kaimal demands to give back the tile factory which he had given to Raghu. But Raghu refuses to part with the factory. Kaimal files a court case against his son.
Geetha marries Murali and Raghu supports them. Kaimal regains his eyesight and is thunderstruck to know about the happenings that took place while he was blind. He decides to pretend to be blind so as to know more about his children. Only Appu is aware that Kaimal is now not blind. Kaimal plots to stop the marriage of Prabhakaran. He offers partnership of the factory to the manager Nanukuttan Nair if he could help conduct the marriage of his son, who is a police inspector, with Sarala. Nair agrees to carry out the crooked plan.
The verdict of the court goes against Kaimal. But Prabhakaran hides this from his father. Prabhakaran does not allow Geetha to meet Kaimal and when Kadeeja come and raises voice for justice, Kaimal hits her. Murali attacks Kaimal and now all come to know that Kaimal is not blind. Prabhakaran comes to know about the crooked plan of his father. All the children turn against Kaimal. Unable to stand the setback and the thought that he had failed in his attempts to control his children with an iron hand he suffers a heart attack and dies.
Cast
Soundtrack
The film had four songs penned by Vayalar Ramavarma and set to tune by Devarajan. S. P. Balasubrahmanyam debuted in Malayalam with this film. It was R. K. Shekhar who recommended S.P. Balasubrahmanyam. to Devarajan. P Leela received the first Kerala State Award for Best Female Singer for Ujjayiniyile Gaayika.
Reception
The Hindu wrote, "Sathyan excelled in his double role. The film dispensed with comic scenes. Deviating from their usual comedy roles, Bahadur and Adoor Bhasi performed character roles in the film. Bahadur's performance as the faithful servant who is under pressure to act against his conscience is considered as one of the best he has essayed. Prem Nazir, Sheela, Jayabharathi and Adoor Bhavani also performed their roles impressively.
Accolades
== References == | original language of film or TV show | {
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"Malayalam"
]
} |
Karaçepiş is a village in the İvrindi district of Balıkesir province in Turkey.
== References == | country | {
"answer_start": [
72
],
"text": [
"Turkey"
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} |
Karaçepiş is a village in the İvrindi district of Balıkesir province in Turkey.
== References == | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"village"
]
} |
Karaçepiş is a village in the İvrindi district of Balıkesir province in Turkey.
== References == | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
30
],
"text": [
"İvrindi"
]
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Shift work is an employment practice designed to make use of, or provide service across, all 24 hours of the clock each day of the week (often abbreviated as 24/7). The practice typically sees the day divided into shifts, set periods of time during which different groups of workers perform their duties. The term "shift work" includes both long-term night shifts and work schedules in which employees change or rotate shifts.In medicine and epidemiology, shift work is considered a risk factor for some health problems in some individuals, as disruption to circadian rhythms may increase the probability of developing cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, diabetes, altered body composition and obesity, among other conditions.
History
The shift work system in modern industrial manufacturing originated in the late 18th century.
In 1867, Karl Marx wrote on the shift work system in Capital, Volume 1:
Capitalist production therefore drives, by its inherent nature, towards the appropriation of labour throughout the whole of the 24 hours in the day. But since it is physically impossible to exploit the same individual labour-power constantly, during the night as well as the day, capital has to overcome this physical obstacle. An alternation becomes necessary, between the labour-powers used up by day and those used up by night ... It is well known that this shift-system, this alternation of two sets of workers, predominated in the full-blooded springtime of the English cotton industry, and that at the present time it still flourishes, among other places, in the cotton-spinning factories of the Moscow gubernia. This 24-hour process of production exists today as a system in many of the as yet 'free' branches of industry in Great Britain, in the blast-furnaces, forges, rolling mills and other metallurgical establishments of England, Wales and Scotland.
The Cromford Mill, starting from 1772, ran day and night with two twelve-hour shifts.
Health effects
Shift work increases the risk for the development of many disorders. Shift work sleep disorder is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia, excessive sleepiness, or both. Shift work is considered essential for the diagnosis. The risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 is increased in shift workers, especially men. People working rotating shifts are more vulnerable than others.Women whose work involves night shifts have a 48% increased risk of developing breast cancer. This may be due to alterations in circadian rhythm: melatonin, a known tumor suppressor, is generally produced at night and late shifts may disrupt its production. The WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer listed "shift work that involves circadian disruption" as probably carcinogenic. Shift work may also increase the risk of other types of cancer. Working rotating shift work regularly during a two-year interval has been associated with a 9% increased the risk of early menopause compared to women who work no rotating shift work. The increased risk among rotating night shift workers was 25% among women predisposed to earlier menopause. Early menopause can lead to a host of other problems later in life. A recent study, found that women who worked rotating night shifts for more than six years, eleven percent experienced a shortened lifespan. Women who worked rotating night shifts for more than 15 years also experienced a 25 percent higher risk of death due to lung cancer.
Shift work also increases the risk of developing cluster headaches, heart attacks, fatigue, stress, sexual dysfunction, depression, dementia, obesity, metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and reproductive disorders.
Shift work also can worsen chronic diseases, including sleep disorders, digestive diseases, heart disease, hypertension, epilepsy, mental disorders, substance abuse, asthma, and any health conditions that are treated with medications affected by the circadian cycle. Artificial lighting may additionally contribute to disturbed homeostasis. Shift work may also increase a person's risk of smoking.The health consequences of shift work may depend on chronotype, that is, being a day person or a night person, and what shift a worker is assigned to. When individual chronotype is opposite of shift timing (day person working night shift), there is a greater risk of circadian rhythms disruption. Nighttime workers sleep an average of 1–4 hours less than daytime workers.Different shift schedules will have different impacts on the health of a shift worker. The way the shift pattern is designed affects how shift workers sleep, eat and take holidays. Some shift patterns can exacerbate fatigue by limiting rest, increasing stress, overworking staff or disrupting their time off.
Muscle health is also compromised by shift work: altered sleep and eating times, changes to appetite-regulating hormones and total energy expenditure, increased snacking and binge drinking, and reduced protein intake can contribute to negative protein balance, increases in insulin resistance and increases in body fat, resulting in weight gain and more long-term health challenges.
Compared with the day shift, injuries and accidents have been estimated to increase by 15% on evening shifts and 28% on night shifts. Longer shifts are also associated with more injuries and accidents: 10-hour shifts had 13% more and 12-hour shifts had 28% more than 8-hour shifts. Other studies have shown a link between fatigue and workplace injuries and accidents. Workers with sleep deprivation are far more likely to be injured or involved in an accident. Breaks reduce accident risks.One study suggests that, for those working a night shift (such as 23:00 to 07:00), it may be advantageous to sleep in the evening (14:00 to 22:00) rather than the morning (08:00 to 16:00). The study's evening sleep subjects had 37% fewer episodes of attentional impairment than the morning sleepers.There are four major determinants of cognitive performance and alertness in healthy shift-workers: circadian phase, sleep inertia, acute sleep deprivation and chronic sleep deficit.
The circadian phase is relatively fixed in humans; attempting to shift it so that an individual is alert during the circadian bathyphase is difficult. Sleep during the day is shorter and less consolidated than night-time sleep. Before a night shift, workers generally sleep less than before a day shift.
The effects of sleep inertia wear off after 2–4 hours of wakefulness, such that most workers who wake up in the morning and go to work suffer some degree of sleep inertia at the beginning of their shift. The relative effects of sleep inertia vs. the other factors are hard to quantify; however, the benefits of napping appear to outweigh the cost associated with sleep inertia.
Acute sleep deprivation occurs during long shifts with no breaks, as well as during night shifts when the worker sleeps in the morning and is awake during the afternoon, prior to the work shift. A night shift worker with poor daytime sleep may be awake for more than 18 hours by the end of his shift. The effects of acute sleep deprivation can be compared to impairment due to alcohol intoxication, with 19 hours of wakefulness corresponding to a BAC of 0.05%, and 24 hours of wakefulness corresponding to a BAC of 0.10%. Much of the effect of acute sleep deprivation can be countered by napping, with longer naps giving more benefit than shorter naps. Some industries, specifically the fire service, have traditionally allowed workers to sleep while on duty, between calls for service. In one study of EMS providers, 24-hour shifts were not associated with a higher frequency of negative safety outcomes when compared to shorter shifts.
Chronic sleep deficit occurs when a worker sleeps for fewer hours than is necessary over multiple days or weeks. The loss of two hours of nightly sleep for a week causes an impairment similar to those seen after 24 hours of wakefulness. After two weeks of such deficit, the lapses in performance are similar to those seen after 48 hours of continual wakefulness. The number of shifts worked in a month by EMS providers was positively correlated with the frequency of reported errors and adverse events.
Sleep assessment during shift work
A cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between several sleep assessment criteria and different shift work schedules (3-day, 6-day, 9-day and 21-day shift) and a control group of day shift work in Korean firefighters. The results found that all shift work groups exhibited significant decreased total sleep time (TST) and decreased sleep efficiency in the night shift but efficiency increased in the rest day. Between-group analysis of the different shift work groups revealed that day shift sleep efficiency was significantly higher in the 6-day shift while night shift sleep efficiency was significantly lower in the 21-day shift in comparison to other shift groups (p < 0.05). Overall, night shift sleep quality was worse in shift workers than those who just worked the day shift, whereas 6-day shift provided better sleep quality compared to the 21-day shift.
Safety and regulation
Shift work has been shown to negatively affect workers, and has been classified as a specific disorder (shift work sleep disorder). Circadian disruption by working at night causes symptoms like excessive sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances. Shift work sleep disorder also creates a greater risk for human error at work. Shift work disrupts cognitive ability and flexibility and impairs attention, motivation, decision making, speech, vigilance, and overall performance.In order to mitigate the negative effects of shift work on safety and health, many countries have enacted regulations on shift work. The European Union, in its directive 2003/88/EC, has established a 48-hour limit on working time (including overtime) per week; a minimum rest period of 11 consecutive hours per 24-hour period; and a minimum uninterrupted rest period of 24 hours of mandated rest per week (which is in addition to the 11 hours of daily rest). The EU directive also limits night work involving "special hazards or heavy physical or mental strain" to an average of eight hours in any 24-hour period. The EU directive allows for limited derogations from the regulation, and special provisions allow longer working hours for transportation and offshore workers, fishing vessel workers, and doctors in training (see also medical resident work hours).
Aircraft traffic flight controllers and pilots
For fewer operational errors, the FAA goal calls for Flight Controllers to be on duty for 5 to 6 hours per shift, with the remaining shift time devoted to meals and breaks. For aircraft pilots, the actual time at the controls (flight time) is limited to 8 or 9 hours, depending on the time of day.
Industrial disasters
Fatigue due to shift work has contributed to several industrial disasters, including the Three Mile Island accident, the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster and the Chernobyl disaster. The Alaska Oil Spill Commission's final report on the Exxon Valdez oil spill disaster found that it was "conceivable" that excessive work hours contributed to crew fatigue, which in turn contributed to the vessel's running aground.
Prevention
Management practices
The practices and policies put in place by managers of round-the-clock or 24/7 operations can significantly influence shift worker alertness (and hence safety) and performance.Air traffic controllers typically work an 8-hour day, 5 days per week. Research has shown that when controllers remain "in position" for more than two hours, even at low traffic levels, performance can deteriorate rapidly, so they are typically placed "in position" for 30-minute intervals (with 30 minutes between intervals).
These practices and policies can include selecting an appropriate shift schedule or rota and using an employee scheduling software to maintain it, setting the length of shifts, managing overtime, increasing lighting levels, providing shift worker lifestyle training, retirement compensation based on salary in the last few years of employment (which can encourage excessive overtime among older workers who may be less able to obtain adequate sleep), or screening and hiring of new shift workers that assesses adaptability to a shift work schedule. Mandating a minimum of 10 hours between shifts is an effective strategy to encourage adequate sleep for workers. Allowing frequent breaks and scheduling 8- or 10-hour shifts instead of 12-hour shifts can also minimize fatigue and help to mitigate the negative health effects of shift work.
Multiple factors need to be considered when developing optimal shift work schedules, including shift timing, length, frequency and length of breaks during shifts, shift succession, worker commute time, as well as the mental and physical stress of the job. Even though studies support 12-hour shifts are associated with increased occupational injuries and accident (higher rates with subsequent, successive shifts), a synthesis of evidence cites the importance of all factors when considering the safety of a shift.Shift work was once characteristic primarily of the manufacturing industry, where it has a clear effect of increasing the use that can be made of capital equipment and allows for up to three times the production compared to just a day shift. It contrasts with the use of overtime to increase production at the margin. Both approaches incur higher wage costs. Although 2nd-shift worker efficiency levels are typically 3–5% below 1st shift, and 3rd shift 4–6% below 2nd shift, the productivity level, i.e. cost per employee, is often 25% to 40% lower on 2nd and 3rd shifts due to fixed costs which are "paid" by the first shift.
Shift system
The 42-hour work-week allows for the most even distribution of work time. A 3:1 ratio of work days to days off is most effective for eight-hour shifts, and a 2:2 ratio of work days to days off is most effective for twelve-hour shifts. Eight-hour shifts and twelve-hour shifts are common in manufacturing and health care. Twelve-hour shifts are also used with a very slow rotation in the petroleum industry. Twenty-four-hour shifts are common in health care and emergency services.
Shift schedule and shift plan
The shift plan or rota is the central component of a shift schedule. The schedule includes considerations of shift overlap, shift change times and alignment with the clock, vacation, training, shift differentials, holidays, etc., whereas the shift plan determines the sequence of work and free days within a shift system.
Rotation of shifts can be fast, in which a worker changes shifts more than once a week, or slow, in which a worker changes shifts less than once a week. Rotation can also be forward, when a subsequent shift starts later, or backward, when a subsequent shift starts earlier. Evidence supports forward rotating shifts are more adaptable for shift workers' circadian physiology.One main concern of shift workers is knowing their schedule more than two weeks at a time. Shift work is stressful. When on a rotating or ever changing shift, workers have to worry about daycare, personal appointments, and running their households. Many already work more than an eight-hour shift. Some evidence suggests giving employees schedules more than a month in advance would give proper notice and allow planning, their stress level would be reduced.
Management
Though shift work itself remains necessary in many occupations, employers can alleviate some of the negative health consequences of shift work. The United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends employers avoid quick shift changes and any rotating shift schedules should rotate forward. Employers should also attempt to minimize the number of consecutive night shifts, long work shifts and overtime work. A poor work environment can exacerbate the strain of shift work. Adequate lighting, clean air, proper heat and air conditioning, and reduced noise can all make shift work more bearable for workers.Good sleep hygiene is recommended. This includes blocking out noise and light during sleep, maintaining a regular, predictable sleep routine, avoiding heavy foods and alcohol before sleep, and sleeping in a comfortable, cool environment. Alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption and heavy meals in the few hours before sleep can worsen shift work sleep disorders. Exercise in the three hours before sleep can make it difficult to fall asleep.Free online training programs are available to educate workers and managers about the risks associated with shift work and strategies they can use to prevent these.
Scheduling
Algorithmic scheduling of shift work can lead to what has been colloquially termed as "clopening" where the shift-worker has to work the closing shift of one day and the opening shift of the next day back-to-back resulting in short rest periods between shifts and fatigue. Co-opting employees to fill the shift roster helps to ensure that the human costs are taken into account in a way which is hard for an algorithm to do as it would involve knowing the constraints and considerations of each individual shift worker and assigning a cost metric to each of those factors. Shift based hiring which is a recruitment concept that hires people for individual shifts, rather than hiring employees before scheduling them into shifts enables shift workers to indicate their preferences and availability for unfilled shifts through a shift-bidding mechanism. Through this process, the shift hours are evened out by human-driven market mechanism rather than an algorithmic process. This openness can lead to work hours that are tailored to an individual's lifestyle and schedule while ensuring that shifts are optimally filled, in contrast to the generally poor human outcomes of fatigue, stress, estrangement with friends and family and health problems that have been reported with algorithm-based scheduling of work-shifts.Mental (cognitive) fatigue due to inadequate sleep an/or disturbances of circadian rhythms is a common contributor to accidents and untoward incidents. While the this risk cannot be eliminated, it can be managed through personal and administrative controls. This type of management is conducted through a Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS). One method used within an FRMS is objective fatigue modeling to predict periods of high risk within a 24-hour shift plan. Modeling is accomplished with tools such as the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST) and the FAID Quantum Software Missing income is also a large part of shift worker. Several companies run twenty-four hour shifts. Most of the work is done during the day. When the work dries up, it usually is the second and third shift workers who pay the price. They are told to punch out early or use paid time off if they have any to make up the difference in their paychecks. That practice costs the average worker $92.00 a month.
Medications
Melatonin may increase sleep length during both daytime and nighttime sleep in people who work night shifts. Zopiclone has also been investigated as a potential treatment, but it is unclear if it is effective in increasing daytime sleep time in shift workers. There are, however, no reports of adverse effects.Modafinil and R-modafinil are useful to improve alertness and reduce sleepiness in shift workers. Modafinil has a low risk of abuse compared to other similar agents. However, 10% more participants reported adverse effects (nausea and headache) while taking modafinil. In post-marketing surveillance, modafinil was associated with Stevens–Johnson syndrome. The European Medicines Agency withdrew the license for modafinil for shift workers for the European market because it judged that the benefits did not outweigh the adverse effects.Using caffeine and naps before night shifts can decrease sleepiness. Caffeine has also been shown to reduce errors made by shift workers.
Epidemiology
According to data from the National Health Interview Survey and the Occupational Health Supplement, 27% of all U.S. workers in 2015 worked an alternative shift (not a regular day shift) and 7% frequently worked a night shift. Prevalence rates were higher for workers aged 18–29 compared to other ages. Those with an education level beyond high school had a lower prevalence rate of alternative shifts compared to workers with less education. Among all occupations, protective service occupations had the highest prevalence of working an alternative shift (54%).One of the ways in which working alternative shifts can impair health is through decreasing sleep opportunities. Among all workers, those who usually worked the night shift had a much higher prevalence of short sleep duration (44.0%, representing approximately 2.2 million night shift workers) than those who worked the day shift (28.8%, representing approximately 28.3 million day shift workers). An especially high prevalence of short sleep duration was reported by night shift workers in the transportation and warehousing (69.7%) and health-care and social assistance (52.3%) industries.
Industries
It is estimated that 15-20% of workers in industrialized countries are employed in shift work. Shift work is common in the transportation sector as well. Some of the earliest instances appeared with the railroads, where freight trains have clear tracks to run on at night.
Shift work is also the norm in fields related to public protection and healthcare, such as law enforcement, emergency medical services, firefighting, security and hospitals. Shift work is a contributing factor in many cases of medical errors. Shift work has often been common in the armed forces. Military personnel, pilots, and others that regularly change time zones while performing shift work experience jet lag and consequently suffer sleep disorders.Those in the field of meteorology, such as the National Weather Service and private forecasting companies, also use shift work, as constant monitoring of the weather is necessary. Much of the Internet services and telecommunication industry relies on shift work to maintain worldwide operations and uptime.
Service industries now increasingly operate on some shift system; for example a restaurant or convenience store will normally be open on most days for much longer than a working day.
There are many industries requiring 24/7 coverage that employ workers on a shift basis, including:
Caregiver
Direct support professional
Customer service including call centers
Data center and IT Operations
Death care (medical examiner or coroner)
Emergency services
Police
Firefighting
Emergency medical services
Entertainment
Casino workers
Health care
Funeral workers
Hospitality
Logistics & transportation
Railways
Ship Crew
Manufacturing
Flight Test
Military
Mining
Public utilities
Nuclear power
Fossil fuel
Solar, wind, and hydro power
Retail
Telecommunications
Television
Radio broadcasting
Security
Weather
See also
Effects of overtime
Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool
Gantt chart
Occupational Cancer
Sleep
Split shift
References
Further reading
Pati, A.K., Chandrawanshi, A. & Reinberg, A. (2001) 'Shift work: consequences and management'. Current Science, 81(1), 32–52.
Knutsson, Anders; Jonsson, BjornG.; Akerstedt, Torbjorn; Orth-Gomer, Kristina (July 1986). "Increased risk of ischaemic heart disease in shift workers". The Lancet. 328 (8498): 89–92. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91619-3. PMID 2873389. S2CID 21921096.
Burr, Douglas Scott (2009) 'The Schedule Book', 'ISBN 978-1-4392-2674-2'.
Miller, James C. (2013) 'Fundamentals of Shiftwork Scheduling, 3rd Edition: Fixing Stupid', Smashwords.
Cooper, Brian (1983), Transformation of a Valley: The Derbyshire Derwent (New, Scarthin 1997 Reprint ed.), London: Heinemann, ISBN 0-907758-17-7
External links
Shift work and health, Issue Briefing, Institute for Work & Health, April 2010.
Scientific Symposium on the Health Effects of Shift Work, Toronto, 12 April 2010, hosted by the Occupational Cancer Research Centre and the Institute for Work & Health (IWH).
CDC - Work Schedules: Shift Work and Long Work Hours - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
Three-hour night shift system, For a crew of three on a small boat at sea
Working Time Society, a global research society addressing questions of working time and shift-work with biannual symposia.
Consensus papers regarding Health, ... and Shiftwork (2019) of the ICOH-Scientific Committee on Shiftwork and Working Time and the Working Time Society | issue | {
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Shift work is an employment practice designed to make use of, or provide service across, all 24 hours of the clock each day of the week (often abbreviated as 24/7). The practice typically sees the day divided into shifts, set periods of time during which different groups of workers perform their duties. The term "shift work" includes both long-term night shifts and work schedules in which employees change or rotate shifts.In medicine and epidemiology, shift work is considered a risk factor for some health problems in some individuals, as disruption to circadian rhythms may increase the probability of developing cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, diabetes, altered body composition and obesity, among other conditions.
History
The shift work system in modern industrial manufacturing originated in the late 18th century.
In 1867, Karl Marx wrote on the shift work system in Capital, Volume 1:
Capitalist production therefore drives, by its inherent nature, towards the appropriation of labour throughout the whole of the 24 hours in the day. But since it is physically impossible to exploit the same individual labour-power constantly, during the night as well as the day, capital has to overcome this physical obstacle. An alternation becomes necessary, between the labour-powers used up by day and those used up by night ... It is well known that this shift-system, this alternation of two sets of workers, predominated in the full-blooded springtime of the English cotton industry, and that at the present time it still flourishes, among other places, in the cotton-spinning factories of the Moscow gubernia. This 24-hour process of production exists today as a system in many of the as yet 'free' branches of industry in Great Britain, in the blast-furnaces, forges, rolling mills and other metallurgical establishments of England, Wales and Scotland.
The Cromford Mill, starting from 1772, ran day and night with two twelve-hour shifts.
Health effects
Shift work increases the risk for the development of many disorders. Shift work sleep disorder is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia, excessive sleepiness, or both. Shift work is considered essential for the diagnosis. The risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 is increased in shift workers, especially men. People working rotating shifts are more vulnerable than others.Women whose work involves night shifts have a 48% increased risk of developing breast cancer. This may be due to alterations in circadian rhythm: melatonin, a known tumor suppressor, is generally produced at night and late shifts may disrupt its production. The WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer listed "shift work that involves circadian disruption" as probably carcinogenic. Shift work may also increase the risk of other types of cancer. Working rotating shift work regularly during a two-year interval has been associated with a 9% increased the risk of early menopause compared to women who work no rotating shift work. The increased risk among rotating night shift workers was 25% among women predisposed to earlier menopause. Early menopause can lead to a host of other problems later in life. A recent study, found that women who worked rotating night shifts for more than six years, eleven percent experienced a shortened lifespan. Women who worked rotating night shifts for more than 15 years also experienced a 25 percent higher risk of death due to lung cancer.
Shift work also increases the risk of developing cluster headaches, heart attacks, fatigue, stress, sexual dysfunction, depression, dementia, obesity, metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and reproductive disorders.
Shift work also can worsen chronic diseases, including sleep disorders, digestive diseases, heart disease, hypertension, epilepsy, mental disorders, substance abuse, asthma, and any health conditions that are treated with medications affected by the circadian cycle. Artificial lighting may additionally contribute to disturbed homeostasis. Shift work may also increase a person's risk of smoking.The health consequences of shift work may depend on chronotype, that is, being a day person or a night person, and what shift a worker is assigned to. When individual chronotype is opposite of shift timing (day person working night shift), there is a greater risk of circadian rhythms disruption. Nighttime workers sleep an average of 1–4 hours less than daytime workers.Different shift schedules will have different impacts on the health of a shift worker. The way the shift pattern is designed affects how shift workers sleep, eat and take holidays. Some shift patterns can exacerbate fatigue by limiting rest, increasing stress, overworking staff or disrupting their time off.
Muscle health is also compromised by shift work: altered sleep and eating times, changes to appetite-regulating hormones and total energy expenditure, increased snacking and binge drinking, and reduced protein intake can contribute to negative protein balance, increases in insulin resistance and increases in body fat, resulting in weight gain and more long-term health challenges.
Compared with the day shift, injuries and accidents have been estimated to increase by 15% on evening shifts and 28% on night shifts. Longer shifts are also associated with more injuries and accidents: 10-hour shifts had 13% more and 12-hour shifts had 28% more than 8-hour shifts. Other studies have shown a link between fatigue and workplace injuries and accidents. Workers with sleep deprivation are far more likely to be injured or involved in an accident. Breaks reduce accident risks.One study suggests that, for those working a night shift (such as 23:00 to 07:00), it may be advantageous to sleep in the evening (14:00 to 22:00) rather than the morning (08:00 to 16:00). The study's evening sleep subjects had 37% fewer episodes of attentional impairment than the morning sleepers.There are four major determinants of cognitive performance and alertness in healthy shift-workers: circadian phase, sleep inertia, acute sleep deprivation and chronic sleep deficit.
The circadian phase is relatively fixed in humans; attempting to shift it so that an individual is alert during the circadian bathyphase is difficult. Sleep during the day is shorter and less consolidated than night-time sleep. Before a night shift, workers generally sleep less than before a day shift.
The effects of sleep inertia wear off after 2–4 hours of wakefulness, such that most workers who wake up in the morning and go to work suffer some degree of sleep inertia at the beginning of their shift. The relative effects of sleep inertia vs. the other factors are hard to quantify; however, the benefits of napping appear to outweigh the cost associated with sleep inertia.
Acute sleep deprivation occurs during long shifts with no breaks, as well as during night shifts when the worker sleeps in the morning and is awake during the afternoon, prior to the work shift. A night shift worker with poor daytime sleep may be awake for more than 18 hours by the end of his shift. The effects of acute sleep deprivation can be compared to impairment due to alcohol intoxication, with 19 hours of wakefulness corresponding to a BAC of 0.05%, and 24 hours of wakefulness corresponding to a BAC of 0.10%. Much of the effect of acute sleep deprivation can be countered by napping, with longer naps giving more benefit than shorter naps. Some industries, specifically the fire service, have traditionally allowed workers to sleep while on duty, between calls for service. In one study of EMS providers, 24-hour shifts were not associated with a higher frequency of negative safety outcomes when compared to shorter shifts.
Chronic sleep deficit occurs when a worker sleeps for fewer hours than is necessary over multiple days or weeks. The loss of two hours of nightly sleep for a week causes an impairment similar to those seen after 24 hours of wakefulness. After two weeks of such deficit, the lapses in performance are similar to those seen after 48 hours of continual wakefulness. The number of shifts worked in a month by EMS providers was positively correlated with the frequency of reported errors and adverse events.
Sleep assessment during shift work
A cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between several sleep assessment criteria and different shift work schedules (3-day, 6-day, 9-day and 21-day shift) and a control group of day shift work in Korean firefighters. The results found that all shift work groups exhibited significant decreased total sleep time (TST) and decreased sleep efficiency in the night shift but efficiency increased in the rest day. Between-group analysis of the different shift work groups revealed that day shift sleep efficiency was significantly higher in the 6-day shift while night shift sleep efficiency was significantly lower in the 21-day shift in comparison to other shift groups (p < 0.05). Overall, night shift sleep quality was worse in shift workers than those who just worked the day shift, whereas 6-day shift provided better sleep quality compared to the 21-day shift.
Safety and regulation
Shift work has been shown to negatively affect workers, and has been classified as a specific disorder (shift work sleep disorder). Circadian disruption by working at night causes symptoms like excessive sleepiness at work and sleep disturbances. Shift work sleep disorder also creates a greater risk for human error at work. Shift work disrupts cognitive ability and flexibility and impairs attention, motivation, decision making, speech, vigilance, and overall performance.In order to mitigate the negative effects of shift work on safety and health, many countries have enacted regulations on shift work. The European Union, in its directive 2003/88/EC, has established a 48-hour limit on working time (including overtime) per week; a minimum rest period of 11 consecutive hours per 24-hour period; and a minimum uninterrupted rest period of 24 hours of mandated rest per week (which is in addition to the 11 hours of daily rest). The EU directive also limits night work involving "special hazards or heavy physical or mental strain" to an average of eight hours in any 24-hour period. The EU directive allows for limited derogations from the regulation, and special provisions allow longer working hours for transportation and offshore workers, fishing vessel workers, and doctors in training (see also medical resident work hours).
Aircraft traffic flight controllers and pilots
For fewer operational errors, the FAA goal calls for Flight Controllers to be on duty for 5 to 6 hours per shift, with the remaining shift time devoted to meals and breaks. For aircraft pilots, the actual time at the controls (flight time) is limited to 8 or 9 hours, depending on the time of day.
Industrial disasters
Fatigue due to shift work has contributed to several industrial disasters, including the Three Mile Island accident, the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster and the Chernobyl disaster. The Alaska Oil Spill Commission's final report on the Exxon Valdez oil spill disaster found that it was "conceivable" that excessive work hours contributed to crew fatigue, which in turn contributed to the vessel's running aground.
Prevention
Management practices
The practices and policies put in place by managers of round-the-clock or 24/7 operations can significantly influence shift worker alertness (and hence safety) and performance.Air traffic controllers typically work an 8-hour day, 5 days per week. Research has shown that when controllers remain "in position" for more than two hours, even at low traffic levels, performance can deteriorate rapidly, so they are typically placed "in position" for 30-minute intervals (with 30 minutes between intervals).
These practices and policies can include selecting an appropriate shift schedule or rota and using an employee scheduling software to maintain it, setting the length of shifts, managing overtime, increasing lighting levels, providing shift worker lifestyle training, retirement compensation based on salary in the last few years of employment (which can encourage excessive overtime among older workers who may be less able to obtain adequate sleep), or screening and hiring of new shift workers that assesses adaptability to a shift work schedule. Mandating a minimum of 10 hours between shifts is an effective strategy to encourage adequate sleep for workers. Allowing frequent breaks and scheduling 8- or 10-hour shifts instead of 12-hour shifts can also minimize fatigue and help to mitigate the negative health effects of shift work.
Multiple factors need to be considered when developing optimal shift work schedules, including shift timing, length, frequency and length of breaks during shifts, shift succession, worker commute time, as well as the mental and physical stress of the job. Even though studies support 12-hour shifts are associated with increased occupational injuries and accident (higher rates with subsequent, successive shifts), a synthesis of evidence cites the importance of all factors when considering the safety of a shift.Shift work was once characteristic primarily of the manufacturing industry, where it has a clear effect of increasing the use that can be made of capital equipment and allows for up to three times the production compared to just a day shift. It contrasts with the use of overtime to increase production at the margin. Both approaches incur higher wage costs. Although 2nd-shift worker efficiency levels are typically 3–5% below 1st shift, and 3rd shift 4–6% below 2nd shift, the productivity level, i.e. cost per employee, is often 25% to 40% lower on 2nd and 3rd shifts due to fixed costs which are "paid" by the first shift.
Shift system
The 42-hour work-week allows for the most even distribution of work time. A 3:1 ratio of work days to days off is most effective for eight-hour shifts, and a 2:2 ratio of work days to days off is most effective for twelve-hour shifts. Eight-hour shifts and twelve-hour shifts are common in manufacturing and health care. Twelve-hour shifts are also used with a very slow rotation in the petroleum industry. Twenty-four-hour shifts are common in health care and emergency services.
Shift schedule and shift plan
The shift plan or rota is the central component of a shift schedule. The schedule includes considerations of shift overlap, shift change times and alignment with the clock, vacation, training, shift differentials, holidays, etc., whereas the shift plan determines the sequence of work and free days within a shift system.
Rotation of shifts can be fast, in which a worker changes shifts more than once a week, or slow, in which a worker changes shifts less than once a week. Rotation can also be forward, when a subsequent shift starts later, or backward, when a subsequent shift starts earlier. Evidence supports forward rotating shifts are more adaptable for shift workers' circadian physiology.One main concern of shift workers is knowing their schedule more than two weeks at a time. Shift work is stressful. When on a rotating or ever changing shift, workers have to worry about daycare, personal appointments, and running their households. Many already work more than an eight-hour shift. Some evidence suggests giving employees schedules more than a month in advance would give proper notice and allow planning, their stress level would be reduced.
Management
Though shift work itself remains necessary in many occupations, employers can alleviate some of the negative health consequences of shift work. The United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends employers avoid quick shift changes and any rotating shift schedules should rotate forward. Employers should also attempt to minimize the number of consecutive night shifts, long work shifts and overtime work. A poor work environment can exacerbate the strain of shift work. Adequate lighting, clean air, proper heat and air conditioning, and reduced noise can all make shift work more bearable for workers.Good sleep hygiene is recommended. This includes blocking out noise and light during sleep, maintaining a regular, predictable sleep routine, avoiding heavy foods and alcohol before sleep, and sleeping in a comfortable, cool environment. Alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption and heavy meals in the few hours before sleep can worsen shift work sleep disorders. Exercise in the three hours before sleep can make it difficult to fall asleep.Free online training programs are available to educate workers and managers about the risks associated with shift work and strategies they can use to prevent these.
Scheduling
Algorithmic scheduling of shift work can lead to what has been colloquially termed as "clopening" where the shift-worker has to work the closing shift of one day and the opening shift of the next day back-to-back resulting in short rest periods between shifts and fatigue. Co-opting employees to fill the shift roster helps to ensure that the human costs are taken into account in a way which is hard for an algorithm to do as it would involve knowing the constraints and considerations of each individual shift worker and assigning a cost metric to each of those factors. Shift based hiring which is a recruitment concept that hires people for individual shifts, rather than hiring employees before scheduling them into shifts enables shift workers to indicate their preferences and availability for unfilled shifts through a shift-bidding mechanism. Through this process, the shift hours are evened out by human-driven market mechanism rather than an algorithmic process. This openness can lead to work hours that are tailored to an individual's lifestyle and schedule while ensuring that shifts are optimally filled, in contrast to the generally poor human outcomes of fatigue, stress, estrangement with friends and family and health problems that have been reported with algorithm-based scheduling of work-shifts.Mental (cognitive) fatigue due to inadequate sleep an/or disturbances of circadian rhythms is a common contributor to accidents and untoward incidents. While the this risk cannot be eliminated, it can be managed through personal and administrative controls. This type of management is conducted through a Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS). One method used within an FRMS is objective fatigue modeling to predict periods of high risk within a 24-hour shift plan. Modeling is accomplished with tools such as the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST) and the FAID Quantum Software Missing income is also a large part of shift worker. Several companies run twenty-four hour shifts. Most of the work is done during the day. When the work dries up, it usually is the second and third shift workers who pay the price. They are told to punch out early or use paid time off if they have any to make up the difference in their paychecks. That practice costs the average worker $92.00 a month.
Medications
Melatonin may increase sleep length during both daytime and nighttime sleep in people who work night shifts. Zopiclone has also been investigated as a potential treatment, but it is unclear if it is effective in increasing daytime sleep time in shift workers. There are, however, no reports of adverse effects.Modafinil and R-modafinil are useful to improve alertness and reduce sleepiness in shift workers. Modafinil has a low risk of abuse compared to other similar agents. However, 10% more participants reported adverse effects (nausea and headache) while taking modafinil. In post-marketing surveillance, modafinil was associated with Stevens–Johnson syndrome. The European Medicines Agency withdrew the license for modafinil for shift workers for the European market because it judged that the benefits did not outweigh the adverse effects.Using caffeine and naps before night shifts can decrease sleepiness. Caffeine has also been shown to reduce errors made by shift workers.
Epidemiology
According to data from the National Health Interview Survey and the Occupational Health Supplement, 27% of all U.S. workers in 2015 worked an alternative shift (not a regular day shift) and 7% frequently worked a night shift. Prevalence rates were higher for workers aged 18–29 compared to other ages. Those with an education level beyond high school had a lower prevalence rate of alternative shifts compared to workers with less education. Among all occupations, protective service occupations had the highest prevalence of working an alternative shift (54%).One of the ways in which working alternative shifts can impair health is through decreasing sleep opportunities. Among all workers, those who usually worked the night shift had a much higher prevalence of short sleep duration (44.0%, representing approximately 2.2 million night shift workers) than those who worked the day shift (28.8%, representing approximately 28.3 million day shift workers). An especially high prevalence of short sleep duration was reported by night shift workers in the transportation and warehousing (69.7%) and health-care and social assistance (52.3%) industries.
Industries
It is estimated that 15-20% of workers in industrialized countries are employed in shift work. Shift work is common in the transportation sector as well. Some of the earliest instances appeared with the railroads, where freight trains have clear tracks to run on at night.
Shift work is also the norm in fields related to public protection and healthcare, such as law enforcement, emergency medical services, firefighting, security and hospitals. Shift work is a contributing factor in many cases of medical errors. Shift work has often been common in the armed forces. Military personnel, pilots, and others that regularly change time zones while performing shift work experience jet lag and consequently suffer sleep disorders.Those in the field of meteorology, such as the National Weather Service and private forecasting companies, also use shift work, as constant monitoring of the weather is necessary. Much of the Internet services and telecommunication industry relies on shift work to maintain worldwide operations and uptime.
Service industries now increasingly operate on some shift system; for example a restaurant or convenience store will normally be open on most days for much longer than a working day.
There are many industries requiring 24/7 coverage that employ workers on a shift basis, including:
Caregiver
Direct support professional
Customer service including call centers
Data center and IT Operations
Death care (medical examiner or coroner)
Emergency services
Police
Firefighting
Emergency medical services
Entertainment
Casino workers
Health care
Funeral workers
Hospitality
Logistics & transportation
Railways
Ship Crew
Manufacturing
Flight Test
Military
Mining
Public utilities
Nuclear power
Fossil fuel
Solar, wind, and hydro power
Retail
Telecommunications
Television
Radio broadcasting
Security
Weather
See also
Effects of overtime
Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool
Gantt chart
Occupational Cancer
Sleep
Split shift
References
Further reading
Pati, A.K., Chandrawanshi, A. & Reinberg, A. (2001) 'Shift work: consequences and management'. Current Science, 81(1), 32–52.
Knutsson, Anders; Jonsson, BjornG.; Akerstedt, Torbjorn; Orth-Gomer, Kristina (July 1986). "Increased risk of ischaemic heart disease in shift workers". The Lancet. 328 (8498): 89–92. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91619-3. PMID 2873389. S2CID 21921096.
Burr, Douglas Scott (2009) 'The Schedule Book', 'ISBN 978-1-4392-2674-2'.
Miller, James C. (2013) 'Fundamentals of Shiftwork Scheduling, 3rd Edition: Fixing Stupid', Smashwords.
Cooper, Brian (1983), Transformation of a Valley: The Derbyshire Derwent (New, Scarthin 1997 Reprint ed.), London: Heinemann, ISBN 0-907758-17-7
External links
Shift work and health, Issue Briefing, Institute for Work & Health, April 2010.
Scientific Symposium on the Health Effects of Shift Work, Toronto, 12 April 2010, hosted by the Occupational Cancer Research Centre and the Institute for Work & Health (IWH).
CDC - Work Schedules: Shift Work and Long Work Hours - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
Three-hour night shift system, For a crew of three on a small boat at sea
Working Time Society, a global research society addressing questions of working time and shift-work with biannual symposia.
Consensus papers regarding Health, ... and Shiftwork (2019) of the ICOH-Scientific Committee on Shiftwork and Working Time and the Working Time Society | title | {
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The Helen Lookingbill Site is a prehistoric campsite in the Absaroka Mountains of Fremont County, Wyoming. Occupied over 12,500 years, the site has yielded more than 125,000 artifacts, including a large quantity of Early Plains Archaic side-notched points. The site has been assessed as a tool production location.The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 30, 2013.
References
External links
Helen Lookingbill Site at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
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]
} |
Humfrey Gifford (fl. 1580), was an English poet. In 1580 he published A Posie of Gilloflowers containing 46 poems, a selection of verse translations of Italian riddles and nine prose translations from Italian. A new edition was printed in 1875, edited by Alexander Balloch Grosart.Grosart describes his reference copy of A Posie (now in the British Library) as a "unique exemplar". His edition is itself a rarity - only 40 copies were printed. However, a second copy of the original was discovered in 1930 and a further edition of A Posie was edited by F. J. Harvey Darton in 1933 - this time 500 copies were printed. More recently two of Gifford's poems were included in The Penguin Book of Elizabethan Verse.Little is known of Gifford's life. In the Introduction to his Complete Poems, Grosart comments: "Our researches have been wide and persistent and warmly seconded by many fellow book-lovers. The result is sadly disproportionate to the expenditure." He places the Gifford family in Devon, and associates Humfrey with the Poultry Compter - a prison in Cheapside in the City of London - whether as an official or as an inmate is not clear.
== References == | family name | {
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"Gifford"
]
} |
Cassini may refer to:
People
Cassini (surname)
Oleg Cassini (1913–2006), American fashion designerCassini family:Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), Italian mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer
Jacques Cassini (1677–1756), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico Cassini
César-François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques Cassini
Jean-Dominique, comte de Cassini (1748–1845), French astronomer, son of César-François Cassini de Thury
Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist and naturalist, son of Jean-Dominique de Cassini
Planetary science
Cassini's laws on the motion of the Moon
Cassini Division, a gap in the rings of Saturn
Cassini–Huygens, the space mission to examine Saturn and its moons, of which the Cassini orbiter was a part
Cassini (Martian crater)
Cassini (lunar crater)
24101 Cassini, an asteroid
24102 Jacquescassini, another asteroid
Cassini Regio, the dark region of the moon Iapetus
Other uses
Cassini, South Australia
Cassini oval, a mathematical curve described by Giovanni Cassini
Cassini projection, in map making
Cassini Glacier, in Antarctica
Cassini periodical cicadas, two species of insect
French cruiser Cassini, French Navy cruiser
See also
Casini, a surname | named after | {
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"Giovanni Domenico Cassini"
]
} |
Cassini may refer to:
People
Cassini (surname)
Oleg Cassini (1913–2006), American fashion designerCassini family:Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), Italian mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer
Jacques Cassini (1677–1756), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico Cassini
César-François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques Cassini
Jean-Dominique, comte de Cassini (1748–1845), French astronomer, son of César-François Cassini de Thury
Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist and naturalist, son of Jean-Dominique de Cassini
Planetary science
Cassini's laws on the motion of the Moon
Cassini Division, a gap in the rings of Saturn
Cassini–Huygens, the space mission to examine Saturn and its moons, of which the Cassini orbiter was a part
Cassini (Martian crater)
Cassini (lunar crater)
24101 Cassini, an asteroid
24102 Jacquescassini, another asteroid
Cassini Regio, the dark region of the moon Iapetus
Other uses
Cassini, South Australia
Cassini oval, a mathematical curve described by Giovanni Cassini
Cassini projection, in map making
Cassini Glacier, in Antarctica
Cassini periodical cicadas, two species of insect
French cruiser Cassini, French Navy cruiser
See also
Casini, a surname | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
855
],
"text": [
"Cassini (lunar crater)"
]
} |
Cassini may refer to:
People
Cassini (surname)
Oleg Cassini (1913–2006), American fashion designerCassini family:Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), Italian mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer
Jacques Cassini (1677–1756), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico Cassini
César-François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques Cassini
Jean-Dominique, comte de Cassini (1748–1845), French astronomer, son of César-François Cassini de Thury
Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist and naturalist, son of Jean-Dominique de Cassini
Planetary science
Cassini's laws on the motion of the Moon
Cassini Division, a gap in the rings of Saturn
Cassini–Huygens, the space mission to examine Saturn and its moons, of which the Cassini orbiter was a part
Cassini (Martian crater)
Cassini (lunar crater)
24101 Cassini, an asteroid
24102 Jacquescassini, another asteroid
Cassini Regio, the dark region of the moon Iapetus
Other uses
Cassini, South Australia
Cassini oval, a mathematical curve described by Giovanni Cassini
Cassini projection, in map making
Cassini Glacier, in Antarctica
Cassini periodical cicadas, two species of insect
French cruiser Cassini, French Navy cruiser
See also
Casini, a surname | located on astronomical body | {
"answer_start": [
670
],
"text": [
"Moon"
]
} |
Cassini may refer to:
People
Cassini (surname)
Oleg Cassini (1913–2006), American fashion designerCassini family:Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), Italian mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer
Jacques Cassini (1677–1756), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico Cassini
César-François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques Cassini
Jean-Dominique, comte de Cassini (1748–1845), French astronomer, son of César-François Cassini de Thury
Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist and naturalist, son of Jean-Dominique de Cassini
Planetary science
Cassini's laws on the motion of the Moon
Cassini Division, a gap in the rings of Saturn
Cassini–Huygens, the space mission to examine Saturn and its moons, of which the Cassini orbiter was a part
Cassini (Martian crater)
Cassini (lunar crater)
24101 Cassini, an asteroid
24102 Jacquescassini, another asteroid
Cassini Regio, the dark region of the moon Iapetus
Other uses
Cassini, South Australia
Cassini oval, a mathematical curve described by Giovanni Cassini
Cassini projection, in map making
Cassini Glacier, in Antarctica
Cassini periodical cicadas, two species of insect
French cruiser Cassini, French Navy cruiser
See also
Casini, a surname | different from | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Cassini"
]
} |
Cassini may refer to:
People
Cassini (surname)
Oleg Cassini (1913–2006), American fashion designerCassini family:Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), Italian mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer
Jacques Cassini (1677–1756), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico Cassini
César-François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques Cassini
Jean-Dominique, comte de Cassini (1748–1845), French astronomer, son of César-François Cassini de Thury
Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist and naturalist, son of Jean-Dominique de Cassini
Planetary science
Cassini's laws on the motion of the Moon
Cassini Division, a gap in the rings of Saturn
Cassini–Huygens, the space mission to examine Saturn and its moons, of which the Cassini orbiter was a part
Cassini (Martian crater)
Cassini (lunar crater)
24101 Cassini, an asteroid
24102 Jacquescassini, another asteroid
Cassini Regio, the dark region of the moon Iapetus
Other uses
Cassini, South Australia
Cassini oval, a mathematical curve described by Giovanni Cassini
Cassini projection, in map making
Cassini Glacier, in Antarctica
Cassini periodical cicadas, two species of insect
French cruiser Cassini, French Navy cruiser
See also
Casini, a surname | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
811
],
"text": [
"orbiter"
]
} |
Cassini may refer to:
People
Cassini (surname)
Oleg Cassini (1913–2006), American fashion designerCassini family:Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), Italian mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer
Jacques Cassini (1677–1756), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico Cassini
César-François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques Cassini
Jean-Dominique, comte de Cassini (1748–1845), French astronomer, son of César-François Cassini de Thury
Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist and naturalist, son of Jean-Dominique de Cassini
Planetary science
Cassini's laws on the motion of the Moon
Cassini Division, a gap in the rings of Saturn
Cassini–Huygens, the space mission to examine Saturn and its moons, of which the Cassini orbiter was a part
Cassini (Martian crater)
Cassini (lunar crater)
24101 Cassini, an asteroid
24102 Jacquescassini, another asteroid
Cassini Regio, the dark region of the moon Iapetus
Other uses
Cassini, South Australia
Cassini oval, a mathematical curve described by Giovanni Cassini
Cassini projection, in map making
Cassini Glacier, in Antarctica
Cassini periodical cicadas, two species of insect
French cruiser Cassini, French Navy cruiser
See also
Casini, a surname | connects with | {
"answer_start": [
730
],
"text": [
"Huygens"
]
} |
Cassini may refer to:
People
Cassini (surname)
Oleg Cassini (1913–2006), American fashion designerCassini family:Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), Italian mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer
Jacques Cassini (1677–1756), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico Cassini
César-François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques Cassini
Jean-Dominique, comte de Cassini (1748–1845), French astronomer, son of César-François Cassini de Thury
Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist and naturalist, son of Jean-Dominique de Cassini
Planetary science
Cassini's laws on the motion of the Moon
Cassini Division, a gap in the rings of Saturn
Cassini–Huygens, the space mission to examine Saturn and its moons, of which the Cassini orbiter was a part
Cassini (Martian crater)
Cassini (lunar crater)
24101 Cassini, an asteroid
24102 Jacquescassini, another asteroid
Cassini Regio, the dark region of the moon Iapetus
Other uses
Cassini, South Australia
Cassini oval, a mathematical curve described by Giovanni Cassini
Cassini projection, in map making
Cassini Glacier, in Antarctica
Cassini periodical cicadas, two species of insect
French cruiser Cassini, French Navy cruiser
See also
Casini, a surname | depicts | {
"answer_start": [
670
],
"text": [
"Moon"
]
} |
Cassini may refer to:
People
Cassini (surname)
Oleg Cassini (1913–2006), American fashion designerCassini family:Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), Italian mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer
Jacques Cassini (1677–1756), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico Cassini
César-François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques Cassini
Jean-Dominique, comte de Cassini (1748–1845), French astronomer, son of César-François Cassini de Thury
Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist and naturalist, son of Jean-Dominique de Cassini
Planetary science
Cassini's laws on the motion of the Moon
Cassini Division, a gap in the rings of Saturn
Cassini–Huygens, the space mission to examine Saturn and its moons, of which the Cassini orbiter was a part
Cassini (Martian crater)
Cassini (lunar crater)
24101 Cassini, an asteroid
24102 Jacquescassini, another asteroid
Cassini Regio, the dark region of the moon Iapetus
Other uses
Cassini, South Australia
Cassini oval, a mathematical curve described by Giovanni Cassini
Cassini projection, in map making
Cassini Glacier, in Antarctica
Cassini periodical cicadas, two species of insect
French cruiser Cassini, French Navy cruiser
See also
Casini, a surname | main subject | {
"answer_start": [
670
],
"text": [
"Moon"
]
} |
Cassini may refer to:
People
Cassini (surname)
Oleg Cassini (1913–2006), American fashion designerCassini family:Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), Italian mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer
Jacques Cassini (1677–1756), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico Cassini
César-François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques Cassini
Jean-Dominique, comte de Cassini (1748–1845), French astronomer, son of César-François Cassini de Thury
Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist and naturalist, son of Jean-Dominique de Cassini
Planetary science
Cassini's laws on the motion of the Moon
Cassini Division, a gap in the rings of Saturn
Cassini–Huygens, the space mission to examine Saturn and its moons, of which the Cassini orbiter was a part
Cassini (Martian crater)
Cassini (lunar crater)
24101 Cassini, an asteroid
24102 Jacquescassini, another asteroid
Cassini Regio, the dark region of the moon Iapetus
Other uses
Cassini, South Australia
Cassini oval, a mathematical curve described by Giovanni Cassini
Cassini projection, in map making
Cassini Glacier, in Antarctica
Cassini periodical cicadas, two species of insect
French cruiser Cassini, French Navy cruiser
See also
Casini, a surname | title | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Cassini"
]
} |
Cassini may refer to:
People
Cassini (surname)
Oleg Cassini (1913–2006), American fashion designerCassini family:Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), Italian mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer
Jacques Cassini (1677–1756), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico Cassini
César-François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques Cassini
Jean-Dominique, comte de Cassini (1748–1845), French astronomer, son of César-François Cassini de Thury
Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist and naturalist, son of Jean-Dominique de Cassini
Planetary science
Cassini's laws on the motion of the Moon
Cassini Division, a gap in the rings of Saturn
Cassini–Huygens, the space mission to examine Saturn and its moons, of which the Cassini orbiter was a part
Cassini (Martian crater)
Cassini (lunar crater)
24101 Cassini, an asteroid
24102 Jacquescassini, another asteroid
Cassini Regio, the dark region of the moon Iapetus
Other uses
Cassini, South Australia
Cassini oval, a mathematical curve described by Giovanni Cassini
Cassini projection, in map making
Cassini Glacier, in Antarctica
Cassini periodical cicadas, two species of insect
French cruiser Cassini, French Navy cruiser
See also
Casini, a surname | country | {
"answer_start": [
1022
],
"text": [
"Australia"
]
} |
Cassini may refer to:
People
Cassini (surname)
Oleg Cassini (1913–2006), American fashion designerCassini family:Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), Italian mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer
Jacques Cassini (1677–1756), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico Cassini
César-François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques Cassini
Jean-Dominique, comte de Cassini (1748–1845), French astronomer, son of César-François Cassini de Thury
Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist and naturalist, son of Jean-Dominique de Cassini
Planetary science
Cassini's laws on the motion of the Moon
Cassini Division, a gap in the rings of Saturn
Cassini–Huygens, the space mission to examine Saturn and its moons, of which the Cassini orbiter was a part
Cassini (Martian crater)
Cassini (lunar crater)
24101 Cassini, an asteroid
24102 Jacquescassini, another asteroid
Cassini Regio, the dark region of the moon Iapetus
Other uses
Cassini, South Australia
Cassini oval, a mathematical curve described by Giovanni Cassini
Cassini projection, in map making
Cassini Glacier, in Antarctica
Cassini periodical cicadas, two species of insect
French cruiser Cassini, French Navy cruiser
See also
Casini, a surname | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
1016
],
"text": [
"South Australia"
]
} |
Cassini may refer to:
People
Cassini (surname)
Oleg Cassini (1913–2006), American fashion designerCassini family:Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), Italian mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer
Jacques Cassini (1677–1756), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico Cassini
César-François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques Cassini
Jean-Dominique, comte de Cassini (1748–1845), French astronomer, son of César-François Cassini de Thury
Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist and naturalist, son of Jean-Dominique de Cassini
Planetary science
Cassini's laws on the motion of the Moon
Cassini Division, a gap in the rings of Saturn
Cassini–Huygens, the space mission to examine Saturn and its moons, of which the Cassini orbiter was a part
Cassini (Martian crater)
Cassini (lunar crater)
24101 Cassini, an asteroid
24102 Jacquescassini, another asteroid
Cassini Regio, the dark region of the moon Iapetus
Other uses
Cassini, South Australia
Cassini oval, a mathematical curve described by Giovanni Cassini
Cassini projection, in map making
Cassini Glacier, in Antarctica
Cassini periodical cicadas, two species of insect
French cruiser Cassini, French Navy cruiser
See also
Casini, a surname | population | {
"answer_start": [
540
],
"text": [
"81"
]
} |
Cassini may refer to:
People
Cassini (surname)
Oleg Cassini (1913–2006), American fashion designerCassini family:Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), Italian mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer
Jacques Cassini (1677–1756), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico Cassini
César-François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques Cassini
Jean-Dominique, comte de Cassini (1748–1845), French astronomer, son of César-François Cassini de Thury
Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist and naturalist, son of Jean-Dominique de Cassini
Planetary science
Cassini's laws on the motion of the Moon
Cassini Division, a gap in the rings of Saturn
Cassini–Huygens, the space mission to examine Saturn and its moons, of which the Cassini orbiter was a part
Cassini (Martian crater)
Cassini (lunar crater)
24101 Cassini, an asteroid
24102 Jacquescassini, another asteroid
Cassini Regio, the dark region of the moon Iapetus
Other uses
Cassini, South Australia
Cassini oval, a mathematical curve described by Giovanni Cassini
Cassini projection, in map making
Cassini Glacier, in Antarctica
Cassini periodical cicadas, two species of insect
French cruiser Cassini, French Navy cruiser
See also
Casini, a surname | male population | {
"answer_start": [
439
],
"text": [
"45"
]
} |
Cassini may refer to:
People
Cassini (surname)
Oleg Cassini (1913–2006), American fashion designerCassini family:Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712), Italian mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer
Jacques Cassini (1677–1756), French astronomer, son of Giovanni Domenico Cassini
César-François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), French astronomer and cartographer, son of Jacques Cassini
Jean-Dominique, comte de Cassini (1748–1845), French astronomer, son of César-François Cassini de Thury
Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist and naturalist, son of Jean-Dominique de Cassini
Planetary science
Cassini's laws on the motion of the Moon
Cassini Division, a gap in the rings of Saturn
Cassini–Huygens, the space mission to examine Saturn and its moons, of which the Cassini orbiter was a part
Cassini (Martian crater)
Cassini (lunar crater)
24101 Cassini, an asteroid
24102 Jacquescassini, another asteroid
Cassini Regio, the dark region of the moon Iapetus
Other uses
Cassini, South Australia
Cassini oval, a mathematical curve described by Giovanni Cassini
Cassini projection, in map making
Cassini Glacier, in Antarctica
Cassini periodical cicadas, two species of insect
French cruiser Cassini, French Navy cruiser
See also
Casini, a surname | native label | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Cassini"
]
} |
Escaped Chasm is a 2019 adventure game developed by Undertale artist Temmie Chang. It was released on her birthday on the independent video game site, Itch.io, as freeware and marks her debut as a video game developer. The game is loosely based on Chang's short film, Dwellers of the Mountain's Forest, and is the first installment of her series, The Dwellers Universe.The game received praise from players for her video game debut and Fox's musical score. It has a 4.7 star rating with a nearly thousand reviews, making it the second highest rated RPG Maker game on itch.io behind Lonely Wolf Treat. An indirect sequel, Dweller's Empty Path, with Game Boy-style graphics, was released on July 10, 2020.
Plot
The story follows an unnamed lonely girl, who creates drawings of monsters and lives alone in her house with her dying pet snake, Melody. Without her parents, she decides to explore every rooms inside the house and starts writing a diary. On the second day, she meets a strange man with a demonic appearance named Zera, who warns her that the house is slowly descending into chaos. Escaped Chasm has four different endings, which players can get depending on what choices they make in-game:
On the third day, the unnamed girl tries to leave the house, only to be warned by Zera. The option to leave again is left available, however, and choosing to leave results in the bad ending, which shows the girl slowly shattering and falling still, before returning the player to the title screen.
On the fourth and last day, three endings occur:
If the player enters every room in the house, and does not pick up the "Familiar Doll" item before entering the parents' room, the room will instead appear as a black void inhabited by a being called Sei, who turns around and jumpscares the player, before the game returns to the title screen.
If she takes the doll before she reaches her parent's room, and then goes to her room after Zera appears, he tells her to make a decision to go to another world, or refuse.
If she decides to go, Zera accepts and opens the portal to the other world. She then walks through the portal and changes into a form reminiscent of the monsters depicted in her drawings.
If she refuses, Zera leaves, and the girl is left alone to die in her house, apologizing to her parents for not being as strong as they thought she was.
Developments
Chang developed the character sprites and tile design for the game in only five months, alongside her friend Toby Fox and James Roach, whom she has worked together with on previous works, like Homestuck and Hiveswap. She also worked alongside RPG Maker programmer Archeia, who she worked together with for two games as a bitmap font programmer using the RPG Maker game engine.
References
External links
Official website on Itch.io | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
134
],
"text": [
"video game"
]
} |
Escaped Chasm is a 2019 adventure game developed by Undertale artist Temmie Chang. It was released on her birthday on the independent video game site, Itch.io, as freeware and marks her debut as a video game developer. The game is loosely based on Chang's short film, Dwellers of the Mountain's Forest, and is the first installment of her series, The Dwellers Universe.The game received praise from players for her video game debut and Fox's musical score. It has a 4.7 star rating with a nearly thousand reviews, making it the second highest rated RPG Maker game on itch.io behind Lonely Wolf Treat. An indirect sequel, Dweller's Empty Path, with Game Boy-style graphics, was released on July 10, 2020.
Plot
The story follows an unnamed lonely girl, who creates drawings of monsters and lives alone in her house with her dying pet snake, Melody. Without her parents, she decides to explore every rooms inside the house and starts writing a diary. On the second day, she meets a strange man with a demonic appearance named Zera, who warns her that the house is slowly descending into chaos. Escaped Chasm has four different endings, which players can get depending on what choices they make in-game:
On the third day, the unnamed girl tries to leave the house, only to be warned by Zera. The option to leave again is left available, however, and choosing to leave results in the bad ending, which shows the girl slowly shattering and falling still, before returning the player to the title screen.
On the fourth and last day, three endings occur:
If the player enters every room in the house, and does not pick up the "Familiar Doll" item before entering the parents' room, the room will instead appear as a black void inhabited by a being called Sei, who turns around and jumpscares the player, before the game returns to the title screen.
If she takes the doll before she reaches her parent's room, and then goes to her room after Zera appears, he tells her to make a decision to go to another world, or refuse.
If she decides to go, Zera accepts and opens the portal to the other world. She then walks through the portal and changes into a form reminiscent of the monsters depicted in her drawings.
If she refuses, Zera leaves, and the girl is left alone to die in her house, apologizing to her parents for not being as strong as they thought she was.
Developments
Chang developed the character sprites and tile design for the game in only five months, alongside her friend Toby Fox and James Roach, whom she has worked together with on previous works, like Homestuck and Hiveswap. She also worked alongside RPG Maker programmer Archeia, who she worked together with for two games as a bitmap font programmer using the RPG Maker game engine.
References
External links
Official website on Itch.io | developer | {
"answer_start": [
69
],
"text": [
"Temmie Chang"
]
} |
Escaped Chasm is a 2019 adventure game developed by Undertale artist Temmie Chang. It was released on her birthday on the independent video game site, Itch.io, as freeware and marks her debut as a video game developer. The game is loosely based on Chang's short film, Dwellers of the Mountain's Forest, and is the first installment of her series, The Dwellers Universe.The game received praise from players for her video game debut and Fox's musical score. It has a 4.7 star rating with a nearly thousand reviews, making it the second highest rated RPG Maker game on itch.io behind Lonely Wolf Treat. An indirect sequel, Dweller's Empty Path, with Game Boy-style graphics, was released on July 10, 2020.
Plot
The story follows an unnamed lonely girl, who creates drawings of monsters and lives alone in her house with her dying pet snake, Melody. Without her parents, she decides to explore every rooms inside the house and starts writing a diary. On the second day, she meets a strange man with a demonic appearance named Zera, who warns her that the house is slowly descending into chaos. Escaped Chasm has four different endings, which players can get depending on what choices they make in-game:
On the third day, the unnamed girl tries to leave the house, only to be warned by Zera. The option to leave again is left available, however, and choosing to leave results in the bad ending, which shows the girl slowly shattering and falling still, before returning the player to the title screen.
On the fourth and last day, three endings occur:
If the player enters every room in the house, and does not pick up the "Familiar Doll" item before entering the parents' room, the room will instead appear as a black void inhabited by a being called Sei, who turns around and jumpscares the player, before the game returns to the title screen.
If she takes the doll before she reaches her parent's room, and then goes to her room after Zera appears, he tells her to make a decision to go to another world, or refuse.
If she decides to go, Zera accepts and opens the portal to the other world. She then walks through the portal and changes into a form reminiscent of the monsters depicted in her drawings.
If she refuses, Zera leaves, and the girl is left alone to die in her house, apologizing to her parents for not being as strong as they thought she was.
Developments
Chang developed the character sprites and tile design for the game in only five months, alongside her friend Toby Fox and James Roach, whom she has worked together with on previous works, like Homestuck and Hiveswap. She also worked alongside RPG Maker programmer Archeia, who she worked together with for two games as a bitmap font programmer using the RPG Maker game engine.
References
External links
Official website on Itch.io | copyright license | {
"answer_start": [
163
],
"text": [
"freeware"
]
} |
Escaped Chasm is a 2019 adventure game developed by Undertale artist Temmie Chang. It was released on her birthday on the independent video game site, Itch.io, as freeware and marks her debut as a video game developer. The game is loosely based on Chang's short film, Dwellers of the Mountain's Forest, and is the first installment of her series, The Dwellers Universe.The game received praise from players for her video game debut and Fox's musical score. It has a 4.7 star rating with a nearly thousand reviews, making it the second highest rated RPG Maker game on itch.io behind Lonely Wolf Treat. An indirect sequel, Dweller's Empty Path, with Game Boy-style graphics, was released on July 10, 2020.
Plot
The story follows an unnamed lonely girl, who creates drawings of monsters and lives alone in her house with her dying pet snake, Melody. Without her parents, she decides to explore every rooms inside the house and starts writing a diary. On the second day, she meets a strange man with a demonic appearance named Zera, who warns her that the house is slowly descending into chaos. Escaped Chasm has four different endings, which players can get depending on what choices they make in-game:
On the third day, the unnamed girl tries to leave the house, only to be warned by Zera. The option to leave again is left available, however, and choosing to leave results in the bad ending, which shows the girl slowly shattering and falling still, before returning the player to the title screen.
On the fourth and last day, three endings occur:
If the player enters every room in the house, and does not pick up the "Familiar Doll" item before entering the parents' room, the room will instead appear as a black void inhabited by a being called Sei, who turns around and jumpscares the player, before the game returns to the title screen.
If she takes the doll before she reaches her parent's room, and then goes to her room after Zera appears, he tells her to make a decision to go to another world, or refuse.
If she decides to go, Zera accepts and opens the portal to the other world. She then walks through the portal and changes into a form reminiscent of the monsters depicted in her drawings.
If she refuses, Zera leaves, and the girl is left alone to die in her house, apologizing to her parents for not being as strong as they thought she was.
Developments
Chang developed the character sprites and tile design for the game in only five months, alongside her friend Toby Fox and James Roach, whom she has worked together with on previous works, like Homestuck and Hiveswap. She also worked alongside RPG Maker programmer Archeia, who she worked together with for two games as a bitmap font programmer using the RPG Maker game engine.
References
External links
Official website on Itch.io | distributed by | {
"answer_start": [
567
],
"text": [
"itch.io"
]
} |
Christell Jazmín Rodriguez Carrillo (born January 2, 1998 in Talcahuano) is a Chilean child singer. She became known in the popular Chilean TV Show called "Rojo Fama Contrafama" imitating to the young singer Maria Jose Quintanilla in a contest. She has recorded three albums since then. She was nominated for the Grammy Latino by her second record production.
Biography
Only daughter of Christian Rodriguez and Myriam Carrillo, both members of the musical Christian group "Misterio Musical Evangelística Piedra Viva", Christell grew up with music around her. As her mother says "Christell from a very young age felt interest for the music, beginning not only singing, but playing some instruments and dancing". At the age of two, Christell took part in a festival of tambourines and percussion. Her father comments that "In the tambourine goes her rhythmic base and the times to enter to a song". Then and until years later, Christell continued accompanying her parents in musical presentations at their church playing the tambourine. At the age of four she took part in a children's festival with an original song called "Mom told a story". That same year she collaborated in a Christian dance group.
Her artistic career began at the age of 5, on July 1, 2003, when she competed in a contest made by the TV show "Rojo Fama Contrafama" in one of their galas. This gala was in the city Talcahuano and its purpose was to find the "double" of Maria Jose Quintanilla (member of the TV show "Rojo Fama Contrafama"), that is, another girl who could sing or resembles to the young singer who was known for her Mexican repertory. Christell sang the popular song "Mexico Lindo y Querido" and captured the hearts of the audience winning the contest. The five-year-old singer captures the heart of the nation.
Christell went on the show "Rojo...", singing popular Mexican songs which were also in Maria Jose Quintanilla's album. At five years old she sang songs like La Bikina, La Mochila Azul, Cielito Lindo, among others. After a few months and after an agreement with the Warner Music Group, the young singer recorded an album, and in November of that year, she launched her first album which in one day sold more than eight thousand copies. After a week she reached platinum and then eight platinum discs.
"Mueve el Ombligo" (Move your navel) was the hit single from the album, which reached top1 on national radios for weeks becoming "the summer hit". The song was so popular that today it is a classic.
After this success she recorded two more albums, and even though the sale phenomenon from the first one was not repeated, both albums were successful, reaching five and two platinum discs respectively.
In 2005 Christell began a tour in Mexico, Puerto Rico and on the Latin communities of the USA, like Miami and Los Angeles, where she launched a special-edition-album with her greatest hits. During this tour the young singer earned a gold disc for more than 50,000 copies sold in Mexica. In November Christell was nominated to the Grammy Latino by her second album "La Fiesta Continua" at seven years old.In 2006 she took part in the TV show "La Movida del Festival" of Channel 13, (Chile) as a "Commentator" of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival. Her role was to give her opinion and point of view on this festival. This way, at eight years old, Christell became the youngest person ever on commenting the biggest Latin American Festival.
Due to her success, Doce Company signed a contract with her manager to create a cartoon with Christell's image becoming the first artist in Chile to have a cartoon. The project included a clothing line, toys, school and selfcare products and a cartoon TV series, everything carrying the cartoon image of the young singer.
After a disagreement between the parents of the singer and her manager, the entire project was canceled and only a few products and clothes were on sale for a while since the agency could not cancel them. The parents claimed they canceled the contract because the manager agency had plans for the young singer that had not been discussed with them with the intention of taking monetary advantage. In the end they signed a contract with Multimusica Company.
After an almost two-year-long pause (2006–2007), Christell re-appeared on 2008 as a ten-year-old actress on the Chilean TV channel Chilevision doing live theatre in the Theatre in Chilevision. In November of that year, she sang on the First Christian Music Festival.
Since then, Christell has appeared in many TV shows like "Animal Nocturno"(2008), "Theatre in Chilevision"(2008–2009), "La Movida del Festival"(2010), "Viva La Mañana"(2010), "Acoso Textual"(2010), "Calle 7"(2011), "Buenos dias a Todos"(2011).
Christell has not recorded a new album since her third one in 2004 at 7 years old, but she says her career has not stopped since she has kept singing, making concerts, composing new songs, playing different instruments and appearing on different TV shows where she is invited.
Discography
Albums
Singles
Covers
Other products
Tours
During 2005 she made trips to Mexico, the United States and Puerto Rico to promote her career where an album was launched with the greatest hits of her first two albums.
Other important steps during her visit to Mexico was taking part in TV programmes such as " In Family with Chabelo". Christell also visited radio and TV studios, gave interviews to the press and took part in the children's show Sonric'slandia. During this tour she received as gold disc for more than 50,000 copies sold in Mexico.
Videography
Awards
Grammy Latino
At seven years old Christell became the youngest singer to be nominated to a Grammy (this award (Latin and Anglo Grammy) had never nominated a child in any of its categories).
Calama incident
During the summer of 2004, on February 21, while Christell was giving a show in Calama city, she began to feel stomach discomfort and her father asked her for one more song to calm the people (who were hooting for the show to continue). This situation was recorded by Andrea Espinoza, who went to the show with her daughter. She said she felt very bad to see the girl singing while she was sick and that was the reason why she had decided to publicize the video.
The exhibition of the tape unleashed all kinds of reactions, including the possibility of exploitation by the father. The father of the artist recognized he had committed a mistake and said: "It was my mistake on not having measured how sick she was feeling... I've should have listened to my wife who told me that Christell shouldn't act".
Christell was taken to Calama's medical center that morning where "they did a stable diagnosis to her. In the evening she was good and energetic as always and she did want to sing. Then she started feeling bad again, but it was during the show and we take her again to the clinic ". He added: " It was a mistake to ask Christell for another song, but I did it because I couldn't handle the situation neither the pressure of the audience. It wasn't to ask her, but to give her an idea to get out of the situation, it was a mistake not to be able to handle the pressure of the people. I do not want to be seen as an exploiter for this".
TVN the TV show Rojo Fama Contrafama and particularly Rafael Araneda (the entertainer of the TV show) clarified they did not know of the situation, and though they had a conversation with the parents of little girl after the incident, Araneda clarified that the girl never had a saturated agenda and assured that singing is only a game for her, and that her parents have never forced her to go on the stage. [TVN] and the program (Rojo Fama Contrafama) which was read by Rafael Araneda in the program where they clarify they always protected the integrity of the little girl:
"In the presentation to the press of the new season of "Rojo Fama Contrafama", a position of the tvshow was requested opposite to Christell Rodríguez's private artistic performances, in the opportunity it was said that the topic would be approached in the tvshow ... today after knowing the video that shows to the evidently sick girl and being incited to continue with the show organized in Calama city, we demonstrate our more absolute rejection, to actions of this kind that commit an outrage against the fundamental rights of the girl".
"For our part we have the most absolute conviction that the relation that Christell has had with the tvshow Rojo Fama Contrafama adjusts completely to the law that recognizes the artistic activities of the young girl. In Christell's concrete case it is necessary to emphasize that her participation in the tvshow has been designed in such a way of respecting and protecting the own needs of her age ... ".
After the case was investigated by the National Service of Minors (SENAME), they concluded there was no intent of exploitation of any kind. The topic was closed and Christell continued with her normal activities and her artistic career.
References
External links
Christell videos in Youtube | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
62
],
"text": [
"Talcahuano"
]
} |
Christell Jazmín Rodriguez Carrillo (born January 2, 1998 in Talcahuano) is a Chilean child singer. She became known in the popular Chilean TV Show called "Rojo Fama Contrafama" imitating to the young singer Maria Jose Quintanilla in a contest. She has recorded three albums since then. She was nominated for the Grammy Latino by her second record production.
Biography
Only daughter of Christian Rodriguez and Myriam Carrillo, both members of the musical Christian group "Misterio Musical Evangelística Piedra Viva", Christell grew up with music around her. As her mother says "Christell from a very young age felt interest for the music, beginning not only singing, but playing some instruments and dancing". At the age of two, Christell took part in a festival of tambourines and percussion. Her father comments that "In the tambourine goes her rhythmic base and the times to enter to a song". Then and until years later, Christell continued accompanying her parents in musical presentations at their church playing the tambourine. At the age of four she took part in a children's festival with an original song called "Mom told a story". That same year she collaborated in a Christian dance group.
Her artistic career began at the age of 5, on July 1, 2003, when she competed in a contest made by the TV show "Rojo Fama Contrafama" in one of their galas. This gala was in the city Talcahuano and its purpose was to find the "double" of Maria Jose Quintanilla (member of the TV show "Rojo Fama Contrafama"), that is, another girl who could sing or resembles to the young singer who was known for her Mexican repertory. Christell sang the popular song "Mexico Lindo y Querido" and captured the hearts of the audience winning the contest. The five-year-old singer captures the heart of the nation.
Christell went on the show "Rojo...", singing popular Mexican songs which were also in Maria Jose Quintanilla's album. At five years old she sang songs like La Bikina, La Mochila Azul, Cielito Lindo, among others. After a few months and after an agreement with the Warner Music Group, the young singer recorded an album, and in November of that year, she launched her first album which in one day sold more than eight thousand copies. After a week she reached platinum and then eight platinum discs.
"Mueve el Ombligo" (Move your navel) was the hit single from the album, which reached top1 on national radios for weeks becoming "the summer hit". The song was so popular that today it is a classic.
After this success she recorded two more albums, and even though the sale phenomenon from the first one was not repeated, both albums were successful, reaching five and two platinum discs respectively.
In 2005 Christell began a tour in Mexico, Puerto Rico and on the Latin communities of the USA, like Miami and Los Angeles, where she launched a special-edition-album with her greatest hits. During this tour the young singer earned a gold disc for more than 50,000 copies sold in Mexica. In November Christell was nominated to the Grammy Latino by her second album "La Fiesta Continua" at seven years old.In 2006 she took part in the TV show "La Movida del Festival" of Channel 13, (Chile) as a "Commentator" of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival. Her role was to give her opinion and point of view on this festival. This way, at eight years old, Christell became the youngest person ever on commenting the biggest Latin American Festival.
Due to her success, Doce Company signed a contract with her manager to create a cartoon with Christell's image becoming the first artist in Chile to have a cartoon. The project included a clothing line, toys, school and selfcare products and a cartoon TV series, everything carrying the cartoon image of the young singer.
After a disagreement between the parents of the singer and her manager, the entire project was canceled and only a few products and clothes were on sale for a while since the agency could not cancel them. The parents claimed they canceled the contract because the manager agency had plans for the young singer that had not been discussed with them with the intention of taking monetary advantage. In the end they signed a contract with Multimusica Company.
After an almost two-year-long pause (2006–2007), Christell re-appeared on 2008 as a ten-year-old actress on the Chilean TV channel Chilevision doing live theatre in the Theatre in Chilevision. In November of that year, she sang on the First Christian Music Festival.
Since then, Christell has appeared in many TV shows like "Animal Nocturno"(2008), "Theatre in Chilevision"(2008–2009), "La Movida del Festival"(2010), "Viva La Mañana"(2010), "Acoso Textual"(2010), "Calle 7"(2011), "Buenos dias a Todos"(2011).
Christell has not recorded a new album since her third one in 2004 at 7 years old, but she says her career has not stopped since she has kept singing, making concerts, composing new songs, playing different instruments and appearing on different TV shows where she is invited.
Discography
Albums
Singles
Covers
Other products
Tours
During 2005 she made trips to Mexico, the United States and Puerto Rico to promote her career where an album was launched with the greatest hits of her first two albums.
Other important steps during her visit to Mexico was taking part in TV programmes such as " In Family with Chabelo". Christell also visited radio and TV studios, gave interviews to the press and took part in the children's show Sonric'slandia. During this tour she received as gold disc for more than 50,000 copies sold in Mexico.
Videography
Awards
Grammy Latino
At seven years old Christell became the youngest singer to be nominated to a Grammy (this award (Latin and Anglo Grammy) had never nominated a child in any of its categories).
Calama incident
During the summer of 2004, on February 21, while Christell was giving a show in Calama city, she began to feel stomach discomfort and her father asked her for one more song to calm the people (who were hooting for the show to continue). This situation was recorded by Andrea Espinoza, who went to the show with her daughter. She said she felt very bad to see the girl singing while she was sick and that was the reason why she had decided to publicize the video.
The exhibition of the tape unleashed all kinds of reactions, including the possibility of exploitation by the father. The father of the artist recognized he had committed a mistake and said: "It was my mistake on not having measured how sick she was feeling... I've should have listened to my wife who told me that Christell shouldn't act".
Christell was taken to Calama's medical center that morning where "they did a stable diagnosis to her. In the evening she was good and energetic as always and she did want to sing. Then she started feeling bad again, but it was during the show and we take her again to the clinic ". He added: " It was a mistake to ask Christell for another song, but I did it because I couldn't handle the situation neither the pressure of the audience. It wasn't to ask her, but to give her an idea to get out of the situation, it was a mistake not to be able to handle the pressure of the people. I do not want to be seen as an exploiter for this".
TVN the TV show Rojo Fama Contrafama and particularly Rafael Araneda (the entertainer of the TV show) clarified they did not know of the situation, and though they had a conversation with the parents of little girl after the incident, Araneda clarified that the girl never had a saturated agenda and assured that singing is only a game for her, and that her parents have never forced her to go on the stage. [TVN] and the program (Rojo Fama Contrafama) which was read by Rafael Araneda in the program where they clarify they always protected the integrity of the little girl:
"In the presentation to the press of the new season of "Rojo Fama Contrafama", a position of the tvshow was requested opposite to Christell Rodríguez's private artistic performances, in the opportunity it was said that the topic would be approached in the tvshow ... today after knowing the video that shows to the evidently sick girl and being incited to continue with the show organized in Calama city, we demonstrate our more absolute rejection, to actions of this kind that commit an outrage against the fundamental rights of the girl".
"For our part we have the most absolute conviction that the relation that Christell has had with the tvshow Rojo Fama Contrafama adjusts completely to the law that recognizes the artistic activities of the young girl. In Christell's concrete case it is necessary to emphasize that her participation in the tvshow has been designed in such a way of respecting and protecting the own needs of her age ... ".
After the case was investigated by the National Service of Minors (SENAME), they concluded there was no intent of exploitation of any kind. The topic was closed and Christell continued with her normal activities and her artistic career.
References
External links
Christell videos in Youtube | country of citizenship | {
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"Chile"
]
} |
Christell Jazmín Rodriguez Carrillo (born January 2, 1998 in Talcahuano) is a Chilean child singer. She became known in the popular Chilean TV Show called "Rojo Fama Contrafama" imitating to the young singer Maria Jose Quintanilla in a contest. She has recorded three albums since then. She was nominated for the Grammy Latino by her second record production.
Biography
Only daughter of Christian Rodriguez and Myriam Carrillo, both members of the musical Christian group "Misterio Musical Evangelística Piedra Viva", Christell grew up with music around her. As her mother says "Christell from a very young age felt interest for the music, beginning not only singing, but playing some instruments and dancing". At the age of two, Christell took part in a festival of tambourines and percussion. Her father comments that "In the tambourine goes her rhythmic base and the times to enter to a song". Then and until years later, Christell continued accompanying her parents in musical presentations at their church playing the tambourine. At the age of four she took part in a children's festival with an original song called "Mom told a story". That same year she collaborated in a Christian dance group.
Her artistic career began at the age of 5, on July 1, 2003, when she competed in a contest made by the TV show "Rojo Fama Contrafama" in one of their galas. This gala was in the city Talcahuano and its purpose was to find the "double" of Maria Jose Quintanilla (member of the TV show "Rojo Fama Contrafama"), that is, another girl who could sing or resembles to the young singer who was known for her Mexican repertory. Christell sang the popular song "Mexico Lindo y Querido" and captured the hearts of the audience winning the contest. The five-year-old singer captures the heart of the nation.
Christell went on the show "Rojo...", singing popular Mexican songs which were also in Maria Jose Quintanilla's album. At five years old she sang songs like La Bikina, La Mochila Azul, Cielito Lindo, among others. After a few months and after an agreement with the Warner Music Group, the young singer recorded an album, and in November of that year, she launched her first album which in one day sold more than eight thousand copies. After a week she reached platinum and then eight platinum discs.
"Mueve el Ombligo" (Move your navel) was the hit single from the album, which reached top1 on national radios for weeks becoming "the summer hit". The song was so popular that today it is a classic.
After this success she recorded two more albums, and even though the sale phenomenon from the first one was not repeated, both albums were successful, reaching five and two platinum discs respectively.
In 2005 Christell began a tour in Mexico, Puerto Rico and on the Latin communities of the USA, like Miami and Los Angeles, where she launched a special-edition-album with her greatest hits. During this tour the young singer earned a gold disc for more than 50,000 copies sold in Mexica. In November Christell was nominated to the Grammy Latino by her second album "La Fiesta Continua" at seven years old.In 2006 she took part in the TV show "La Movida del Festival" of Channel 13, (Chile) as a "Commentator" of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival. Her role was to give her opinion and point of view on this festival. This way, at eight years old, Christell became the youngest person ever on commenting the biggest Latin American Festival.
Due to her success, Doce Company signed a contract with her manager to create a cartoon with Christell's image becoming the first artist in Chile to have a cartoon. The project included a clothing line, toys, school and selfcare products and a cartoon TV series, everything carrying the cartoon image of the young singer.
After a disagreement between the parents of the singer and her manager, the entire project was canceled and only a few products and clothes were on sale for a while since the agency could not cancel them. The parents claimed they canceled the contract because the manager agency had plans for the young singer that had not been discussed with them with the intention of taking monetary advantage. In the end they signed a contract with Multimusica Company.
After an almost two-year-long pause (2006–2007), Christell re-appeared on 2008 as a ten-year-old actress on the Chilean TV channel Chilevision doing live theatre in the Theatre in Chilevision. In November of that year, she sang on the First Christian Music Festival.
Since then, Christell has appeared in many TV shows like "Animal Nocturno"(2008), "Theatre in Chilevision"(2008–2009), "La Movida del Festival"(2010), "Viva La Mañana"(2010), "Acoso Textual"(2010), "Calle 7"(2011), "Buenos dias a Todos"(2011).
Christell has not recorded a new album since her third one in 2004 at 7 years old, but she says her career has not stopped since she has kept singing, making concerts, composing new songs, playing different instruments and appearing on different TV shows where she is invited.
Discography
Albums
Singles
Covers
Other products
Tours
During 2005 she made trips to Mexico, the United States and Puerto Rico to promote her career where an album was launched with the greatest hits of her first two albums.
Other important steps during her visit to Mexico was taking part in TV programmes such as " In Family with Chabelo". Christell also visited radio and TV studios, gave interviews to the press and took part in the children's show Sonric'slandia. During this tour she received as gold disc for more than 50,000 copies sold in Mexico.
Videography
Awards
Grammy Latino
At seven years old Christell became the youngest singer to be nominated to a Grammy (this award (Latin and Anglo Grammy) had never nominated a child in any of its categories).
Calama incident
During the summer of 2004, on February 21, while Christell was giving a show in Calama city, she began to feel stomach discomfort and her father asked her for one more song to calm the people (who were hooting for the show to continue). This situation was recorded by Andrea Espinoza, who went to the show with her daughter. She said she felt very bad to see the girl singing while she was sick and that was the reason why she had decided to publicize the video.
The exhibition of the tape unleashed all kinds of reactions, including the possibility of exploitation by the father. The father of the artist recognized he had committed a mistake and said: "It was my mistake on not having measured how sick she was feeling... I've should have listened to my wife who told me that Christell shouldn't act".
Christell was taken to Calama's medical center that morning where "they did a stable diagnosis to her. In the evening she was good and energetic as always and she did want to sing. Then she started feeling bad again, but it was during the show and we take her again to the clinic ". He added: " It was a mistake to ask Christell for another song, but I did it because I couldn't handle the situation neither the pressure of the audience. It wasn't to ask her, but to give her an idea to get out of the situation, it was a mistake not to be able to handle the pressure of the people. I do not want to be seen as an exploiter for this".
TVN the TV show Rojo Fama Contrafama and particularly Rafael Araneda (the entertainer of the TV show) clarified they did not know of the situation, and though they had a conversation with the parents of little girl after the incident, Araneda clarified that the girl never had a saturated agenda and assured that singing is only a game for her, and that her parents have never forced her to go on the stage. [TVN] and the program (Rojo Fama Contrafama) which was read by Rafael Araneda in the program where they clarify they always protected the integrity of the little girl:
"In the presentation to the press of the new season of "Rojo Fama Contrafama", a position of the tvshow was requested opposite to Christell Rodríguez's private artistic performances, in the opportunity it was said that the topic would be approached in the tvshow ... today after knowing the video that shows to the evidently sick girl and being incited to continue with the show organized in Calama city, we demonstrate our more absolute rejection, to actions of this kind that commit an outrage against the fundamental rights of the girl".
"For our part we have the most absolute conviction that the relation that Christell has had with the tvshow Rojo Fama Contrafama adjusts completely to the law that recognizes the artistic activities of the young girl. In Christell's concrete case it is necessary to emphasize that her participation in the tvshow has been designed in such a way of respecting and protecting the own needs of her age ... ".
After the case was investigated by the National Service of Minors (SENAME), they concluded there was no intent of exploitation of any kind. The topic was closed and Christell continued with her normal activities and her artistic career.
References
External links
Christell videos in Youtube | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
93
],
"text": [
"singer"
]
} |
Christell Jazmín Rodriguez Carrillo (born January 2, 1998 in Talcahuano) is a Chilean child singer. She became known in the popular Chilean TV Show called "Rojo Fama Contrafama" imitating to the young singer Maria Jose Quintanilla in a contest. She has recorded three albums since then. She was nominated for the Grammy Latino by her second record production.
Biography
Only daughter of Christian Rodriguez and Myriam Carrillo, both members of the musical Christian group "Misterio Musical Evangelística Piedra Viva", Christell grew up with music around her. As her mother says "Christell from a very young age felt interest for the music, beginning not only singing, but playing some instruments and dancing". At the age of two, Christell took part in a festival of tambourines and percussion. Her father comments that "In the tambourine goes her rhythmic base and the times to enter to a song". Then and until years later, Christell continued accompanying her parents in musical presentations at their church playing the tambourine. At the age of four she took part in a children's festival with an original song called "Mom told a story". That same year she collaborated in a Christian dance group.
Her artistic career began at the age of 5, on July 1, 2003, when she competed in a contest made by the TV show "Rojo Fama Contrafama" in one of their galas. This gala was in the city Talcahuano and its purpose was to find the "double" of Maria Jose Quintanilla (member of the TV show "Rojo Fama Contrafama"), that is, another girl who could sing or resembles to the young singer who was known for her Mexican repertory. Christell sang the popular song "Mexico Lindo y Querido" and captured the hearts of the audience winning the contest. The five-year-old singer captures the heart of the nation.
Christell went on the show "Rojo...", singing popular Mexican songs which were also in Maria Jose Quintanilla's album. At five years old she sang songs like La Bikina, La Mochila Azul, Cielito Lindo, among others. After a few months and after an agreement with the Warner Music Group, the young singer recorded an album, and in November of that year, she launched her first album which in one day sold more than eight thousand copies. After a week she reached platinum and then eight platinum discs.
"Mueve el Ombligo" (Move your navel) was the hit single from the album, which reached top1 on national radios for weeks becoming "the summer hit". The song was so popular that today it is a classic.
After this success she recorded two more albums, and even though the sale phenomenon from the first one was not repeated, both albums were successful, reaching five and two platinum discs respectively.
In 2005 Christell began a tour in Mexico, Puerto Rico and on the Latin communities of the USA, like Miami and Los Angeles, where she launched a special-edition-album with her greatest hits. During this tour the young singer earned a gold disc for more than 50,000 copies sold in Mexica. In November Christell was nominated to the Grammy Latino by her second album "La Fiesta Continua" at seven years old.In 2006 she took part in the TV show "La Movida del Festival" of Channel 13, (Chile) as a "Commentator" of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival. Her role was to give her opinion and point of view on this festival. This way, at eight years old, Christell became the youngest person ever on commenting the biggest Latin American Festival.
Due to her success, Doce Company signed a contract with her manager to create a cartoon with Christell's image becoming the first artist in Chile to have a cartoon. The project included a clothing line, toys, school and selfcare products and a cartoon TV series, everything carrying the cartoon image of the young singer.
After a disagreement between the parents of the singer and her manager, the entire project was canceled and only a few products and clothes were on sale for a while since the agency could not cancel them. The parents claimed they canceled the contract because the manager agency had plans for the young singer that had not been discussed with them with the intention of taking monetary advantage. In the end they signed a contract with Multimusica Company.
After an almost two-year-long pause (2006–2007), Christell re-appeared on 2008 as a ten-year-old actress on the Chilean TV channel Chilevision doing live theatre in the Theatre in Chilevision. In November of that year, she sang on the First Christian Music Festival.
Since then, Christell has appeared in many TV shows like "Animal Nocturno"(2008), "Theatre in Chilevision"(2008–2009), "La Movida del Festival"(2010), "Viva La Mañana"(2010), "Acoso Textual"(2010), "Calle 7"(2011), "Buenos dias a Todos"(2011).
Christell has not recorded a new album since her third one in 2004 at 7 years old, but she says her career has not stopped since she has kept singing, making concerts, composing new songs, playing different instruments and appearing on different TV shows where she is invited.
Discography
Albums
Singles
Covers
Other products
Tours
During 2005 she made trips to Mexico, the United States and Puerto Rico to promote her career where an album was launched with the greatest hits of her first two albums.
Other important steps during her visit to Mexico was taking part in TV programmes such as " In Family with Chabelo". Christell also visited radio and TV studios, gave interviews to the press and took part in the children's show Sonric'slandia. During this tour she received as gold disc for more than 50,000 copies sold in Mexico.
Videography
Awards
Grammy Latino
At seven years old Christell became the youngest singer to be nominated to a Grammy (this award (Latin and Anglo Grammy) had never nominated a child in any of its categories).
Calama incident
During the summer of 2004, on February 21, while Christell was giving a show in Calama city, she began to feel stomach discomfort and her father asked her for one more song to calm the people (who were hooting for the show to continue). This situation was recorded by Andrea Espinoza, who went to the show with her daughter. She said she felt very bad to see the girl singing while she was sick and that was the reason why she had decided to publicize the video.
The exhibition of the tape unleashed all kinds of reactions, including the possibility of exploitation by the father. The father of the artist recognized he had committed a mistake and said: "It was my mistake on not having measured how sick she was feeling... I've should have listened to my wife who told me that Christell shouldn't act".
Christell was taken to Calama's medical center that morning where "they did a stable diagnosis to her. In the evening she was good and energetic as always and she did want to sing. Then she started feeling bad again, but it was during the show and we take her again to the clinic ". He added: " It was a mistake to ask Christell for another song, but I did it because I couldn't handle the situation neither the pressure of the audience. It wasn't to ask her, but to give her an idea to get out of the situation, it was a mistake not to be able to handle the pressure of the people. I do not want to be seen as an exploiter for this".
TVN the TV show Rojo Fama Contrafama and particularly Rafael Araneda (the entertainer of the TV show) clarified they did not know of the situation, and though they had a conversation with the parents of little girl after the incident, Araneda clarified that the girl never had a saturated agenda and assured that singing is only a game for her, and that her parents have never forced her to go on the stage. [TVN] and the program (Rojo Fama Contrafama) which was read by Rafael Araneda in the program where they clarify they always protected the integrity of the little girl:
"In the presentation to the press of the new season of "Rojo Fama Contrafama", a position of the tvshow was requested opposite to Christell Rodríguez's private artistic performances, in the opportunity it was said that the topic would be approached in the tvshow ... today after knowing the video that shows to the evidently sick girl and being incited to continue with the show organized in Calama city, we demonstrate our more absolute rejection, to actions of this kind that commit an outrage against the fundamental rights of the girl".
"For our part we have the most absolute conviction that the relation that Christell has had with the tvshow Rojo Fama Contrafama adjusts completely to the law that recognizes the artistic activities of the young girl. In Christell's concrete case it is necessary to emphasize that her participation in the tvshow has been designed in such a way of respecting and protecting the own needs of her age ... ".
After the case was investigated by the National Service of Minors (SENAME), they concluded there was no intent of exploitation of any kind. The topic was closed and Christell continued with her normal activities and her artistic career.
References
External links
Christell videos in Youtube | record label | {
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Christell Jazmín Rodriguez Carrillo (born January 2, 1998 in Talcahuano) is a Chilean child singer. She became known in the popular Chilean TV Show called "Rojo Fama Contrafama" imitating to the young singer Maria Jose Quintanilla in a contest. She has recorded three albums since then. She was nominated for the Grammy Latino by her second record production.
Biography
Only daughter of Christian Rodriguez and Myriam Carrillo, both members of the musical Christian group "Misterio Musical Evangelística Piedra Viva", Christell grew up with music around her. As her mother says "Christell from a very young age felt interest for the music, beginning not only singing, but playing some instruments and dancing". At the age of two, Christell took part in a festival of tambourines and percussion. Her father comments that "In the tambourine goes her rhythmic base and the times to enter to a song". Then and until years later, Christell continued accompanying her parents in musical presentations at their church playing the tambourine. At the age of four she took part in a children's festival with an original song called "Mom told a story". That same year she collaborated in a Christian dance group.
Her artistic career began at the age of 5, on July 1, 2003, when she competed in a contest made by the TV show "Rojo Fama Contrafama" in one of their galas. This gala was in the city Talcahuano and its purpose was to find the "double" of Maria Jose Quintanilla (member of the TV show "Rojo Fama Contrafama"), that is, another girl who could sing or resembles to the young singer who was known for her Mexican repertory. Christell sang the popular song "Mexico Lindo y Querido" and captured the hearts of the audience winning the contest. The five-year-old singer captures the heart of the nation.
Christell went on the show "Rojo...", singing popular Mexican songs which were also in Maria Jose Quintanilla's album. At five years old she sang songs like La Bikina, La Mochila Azul, Cielito Lindo, among others. After a few months and after an agreement with the Warner Music Group, the young singer recorded an album, and in November of that year, she launched her first album which in one day sold more than eight thousand copies. After a week she reached platinum and then eight platinum discs.
"Mueve el Ombligo" (Move your navel) was the hit single from the album, which reached top1 on national radios for weeks becoming "the summer hit". The song was so popular that today it is a classic.
After this success she recorded two more albums, and even though the sale phenomenon from the first one was not repeated, both albums were successful, reaching five and two platinum discs respectively.
In 2005 Christell began a tour in Mexico, Puerto Rico and on the Latin communities of the USA, like Miami and Los Angeles, where she launched a special-edition-album with her greatest hits. During this tour the young singer earned a gold disc for more than 50,000 copies sold in Mexica. In November Christell was nominated to the Grammy Latino by her second album "La Fiesta Continua" at seven years old.In 2006 she took part in the TV show "La Movida del Festival" of Channel 13, (Chile) as a "Commentator" of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival. Her role was to give her opinion and point of view on this festival. This way, at eight years old, Christell became the youngest person ever on commenting the biggest Latin American Festival.
Due to her success, Doce Company signed a contract with her manager to create a cartoon with Christell's image becoming the first artist in Chile to have a cartoon. The project included a clothing line, toys, school and selfcare products and a cartoon TV series, everything carrying the cartoon image of the young singer.
After a disagreement between the parents of the singer and her manager, the entire project was canceled and only a few products and clothes were on sale for a while since the agency could not cancel them. The parents claimed they canceled the contract because the manager agency had plans for the young singer that had not been discussed with them with the intention of taking monetary advantage. In the end they signed a contract with Multimusica Company.
After an almost two-year-long pause (2006–2007), Christell re-appeared on 2008 as a ten-year-old actress on the Chilean TV channel Chilevision doing live theatre in the Theatre in Chilevision. In November of that year, she sang on the First Christian Music Festival.
Since then, Christell has appeared in many TV shows like "Animal Nocturno"(2008), "Theatre in Chilevision"(2008–2009), "La Movida del Festival"(2010), "Viva La Mañana"(2010), "Acoso Textual"(2010), "Calle 7"(2011), "Buenos dias a Todos"(2011).
Christell has not recorded a new album since her third one in 2004 at 7 years old, but she says her career has not stopped since she has kept singing, making concerts, composing new songs, playing different instruments and appearing on different TV shows where she is invited.
Discography
Albums
Singles
Covers
Other products
Tours
During 2005 she made trips to Mexico, the United States and Puerto Rico to promote her career where an album was launched with the greatest hits of her first two albums.
Other important steps during her visit to Mexico was taking part in TV programmes such as " In Family with Chabelo". Christell also visited radio and TV studios, gave interviews to the press and took part in the children's show Sonric'slandia. During this tour she received as gold disc for more than 50,000 copies sold in Mexico.
Videography
Awards
Grammy Latino
At seven years old Christell became the youngest singer to be nominated to a Grammy (this award (Latin and Anglo Grammy) had never nominated a child in any of its categories).
Calama incident
During the summer of 2004, on February 21, while Christell was giving a show in Calama city, she began to feel stomach discomfort and her father asked her for one more song to calm the people (who were hooting for the show to continue). This situation was recorded by Andrea Espinoza, who went to the show with her daughter. She said she felt very bad to see the girl singing while she was sick and that was the reason why she had decided to publicize the video.
The exhibition of the tape unleashed all kinds of reactions, including the possibility of exploitation by the father. The father of the artist recognized he had committed a mistake and said: "It was my mistake on not having measured how sick she was feeling... I've should have listened to my wife who told me that Christell shouldn't act".
Christell was taken to Calama's medical center that morning where "they did a stable diagnosis to her. In the evening she was good and energetic as always and she did want to sing. Then she started feeling bad again, but it was during the show and we take her again to the clinic ". He added: " It was a mistake to ask Christell for another song, but I did it because I couldn't handle the situation neither the pressure of the audience. It wasn't to ask her, but to give her an idea to get out of the situation, it was a mistake not to be able to handle the pressure of the people. I do not want to be seen as an exploiter for this".
TVN the TV show Rojo Fama Contrafama and particularly Rafael Araneda (the entertainer of the TV show) clarified they did not know of the situation, and though they had a conversation with the parents of little girl after the incident, Araneda clarified that the girl never had a saturated agenda and assured that singing is only a game for her, and that her parents have never forced her to go on the stage. [TVN] and the program (Rojo Fama Contrafama) which was read by Rafael Araneda in the program where they clarify they always protected the integrity of the little girl:
"In the presentation to the press of the new season of "Rojo Fama Contrafama", a position of the tvshow was requested opposite to Christell Rodríguez's private artistic performances, in the opportunity it was said that the topic would be approached in the tvshow ... today after knowing the video that shows to the evidently sick girl and being incited to continue with the show organized in Calama city, we demonstrate our more absolute rejection, to actions of this kind that commit an outrage against the fundamental rights of the girl".
"For our part we have the most absolute conviction that the relation that Christell has had with the tvshow Rojo Fama Contrafama adjusts completely to the law that recognizes the artistic activities of the young girl. In Christell's concrete case it is necessary to emphasize that her participation in the tvshow has been designed in such a way of respecting and protecting the own needs of her age ... ".
After the case was investigated by the National Service of Minors (SENAME), they concluded there was no intent of exploitation of any kind. The topic was closed and Christell continued with her normal activities and her artistic career.
References
External links
Christell videos in Youtube | pseudonym | {
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Christell Jazmín Rodriguez Carrillo (born January 2, 1998 in Talcahuano) is a Chilean child singer. She became known in the popular Chilean TV Show called "Rojo Fama Contrafama" imitating to the young singer Maria Jose Quintanilla in a contest. She has recorded three albums since then. She was nominated for the Grammy Latino by her second record production.
Biography
Only daughter of Christian Rodriguez and Myriam Carrillo, both members of the musical Christian group "Misterio Musical Evangelística Piedra Viva", Christell grew up with music around her. As her mother says "Christell from a very young age felt interest for the music, beginning not only singing, but playing some instruments and dancing". At the age of two, Christell took part in a festival of tambourines and percussion. Her father comments that "In the tambourine goes her rhythmic base and the times to enter to a song". Then and until years later, Christell continued accompanying her parents in musical presentations at their church playing the tambourine. At the age of four she took part in a children's festival with an original song called "Mom told a story". That same year she collaborated in a Christian dance group.
Her artistic career began at the age of 5, on July 1, 2003, when she competed in a contest made by the TV show "Rojo Fama Contrafama" in one of their galas. This gala was in the city Talcahuano and its purpose was to find the "double" of Maria Jose Quintanilla (member of the TV show "Rojo Fama Contrafama"), that is, another girl who could sing or resembles to the young singer who was known for her Mexican repertory. Christell sang the popular song "Mexico Lindo y Querido" and captured the hearts of the audience winning the contest. The five-year-old singer captures the heart of the nation.
Christell went on the show "Rojo...", singing popular Mexican songs which were also in Maria Jose Quintanilla's album. At five years old she sang songs like La Bikina, La Mochila Azul, Cielito Lindo, among others. After a few months and after an agreement with the Warner Music Group, the young singer recorded an album, and in November of that year, she launched her first album which in one day sold more than eight thousand copies. After a week she reached platinum and then eight platinum discs.
"Mueve el Ombligo" (Move your navel) was the hit single from the album, which reached top1 on national radios for weeks becoming "the summer hit". The song was so popular that today it is a classic.
After this success she recorded two more albums, and even though the sale phenomenon from the first one was not repeated, both albums were successful, reaching five and two platinum discs respectively.
In 2005 Christell began a tour in Mexico, Puerto Rico and on the Latin communities of the USA, like Miami and Los Angeles, where she launched a special-edition-album with her greatest hits. During this tour the young singer earned a gold disc for more than 50,000 copies sold in Mexica. In November Christell was nominated to the Grammy Latino by her second album "La Fiesta Continua" at seven years old.In 2006 she took part in the TV show "La Movida del Festival" of Channel 13, (Chile) as a "Commentator" of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival. Her role was to give her opinion and point of view on this festival. This way, at eight years old, Christell became the youngest person ever on commenting the biggest Latin American Festival.
Due to her success, Doce Company signed a contract with her manager to create a cartoon with Christell's image becoming the first artist in Chile to have a cartoon. The project included a clothing line, toys, school and selfcare products and a cartoon TV series, everything carrying the cartoon image of the young singer.
After a disagreement between the parents of the singer and her manager, the entire project was canceled and only a few products and clothes were on sale for a while since the agency could not cancel them. The parents claimed they canceled the contract because the manager agency had plans for the young singer that had not been discussed with them with the intention of taking monetary advantage. In the end they signed a contract with Multimusica Company.
After an almost two-year-long pause (2006–2007), Christell re-appeared on 2008 as a ten-year-old actress on the Chilean TV channel Chilevision doing live theatre in the Theatre in Chilevision. In November of that year, she sang on the First Christian Music Festival.
Since then, Christell has appeared in many TV shows like "Animal Nocturno"(2008), "Theatre in Chilevision"(2008–2009), "La Movida del Festival"(2010), "Viva La Mañana"(2010), "Acoso Textual"(2010), "Calle 7"(2011), "Buenos dias a Todos"(2011).
Christell has not recorded a new album since her third one in 2004 at 7 years old, but she says her career has not stopped since she has kept singing, making concerts, composing new songs, playing different instruments and appearing on different TV shows where she is invited.
Discography
Albums
Singles
Covers
Other products
Tours
During 2005 she made trips to Mexico, the United States and Puerto Rico to promote her career where an album was launched with the greatest hits of her first two albums.
Other important steps during her visit to Mexico was taking part in TV programmes such as " In Family with Chabelo". Christell also visited radio and TV studios, gave interviews to the press and took part in the children's show Sonric'slandia. During this tour she received as gold disc for more than 50,000 copies sold in Mexico.
Videography
Awards
Grammy Latino
At seven years old Christell became the youngest singer to be nominated to a Grammy (this award (Latin and Anglo Grammy) had never nominated a child in any of its categories).
Calama incident
During the summer of 2004, on February 21, while Christell was giving a show in Calama city, she began to feel stomach discomfort and her father asked her for one more song to calm the people (who were hooting for the show to continue). This situation was recorded by Andrea Espinoza, who went to the show with her daughter. She said she felt very bad to see the girl singing while she was sick and that was the reason why she had decided to publicize the video.
The exhibition of the tape unleashed all kinds of reactions, including the possibility of exploitation by the father. The father of the artist recognized he had committed a mistake and said: "It was my mistake on not having measured how sick she was feeling... I've should have listened to my wife who told me that Christell shouldn't act".
Christell was taken to Calama's medical center that morning where "they did a stable diagnosis to her. In the evening she was good and energetic as always and she did want to sing. Then she started feeling bad again, but it was during the show and we take her again to the clinic ". He added: " It was a mistake to ask Christell for another song, but I did it because I couldn't handle the situation neither the pressure of the audience. It wasn't to ask her, but to give her an idea to get out of the situation, it was a mistake not to be able to handle the pressure of the people. I do not want to be seen as an exploiter for this".
TVN the TV show Rojo Fama Contrafama and particularly Rafael Araneda (the entertainer of the TV show) clarified they did not know of the situation, and though they had a conversation with the parents of little girl after the incident, Araneda clarified that the girl never had a saturated agenda and assured that singing is only a game for her, and that her parents have never forced her to go on the stage. [TVN] and the program (Rojo Fama Contrafama) which was read by Rafael Araneda in the program where they clarify they always protected the integrity of the little girl:
"In the presentation to the press of the new season of "Rojo Fama Contrafama", a position of the tvshow was requested opposite to Christell Rodríguez's private artistic performances, in the opportunity it was said that the topic would be approached in the tvshow ... today after knowing the video that shows to the evidently sick girl and being incited to continue with the show organized in Calama city, we demonstrate our more absolute rejection, to actions of this kind that commit an outrage against the fundamental rights of the girl".
"For our part we have the most absolute conviction that the relation that Christell has had with the tvshow Rojo Fama Contrafama adjusts completely to the law that recognizes the artistic activities of the young girl. In Christell's concrete case it is necessary to emphasize that her participation in the tvshow has been designed in such a way of respecting and protecting the own needs of her age ... ".
After the case was investigated by the National Service of Minors (SENAME), they concluded there was no intent of exploitation of any kind. The topic was closed and Christell continued with her normal activities and her artistic career.
References
External links
Christell videos in Youtube | Genius artist ID | {
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The Mataroa River is a river of New Zealand. It is a tributary of the Northland Region's Whakapara River, which it meets close to the settlement of Opuawhanga.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
"Place name detail: Mataroa River". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board. Retrieved 12 July 2009. | country | {
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The Mataroa River is a river of New Zealand. It is a tributary of the Northland Region's Whakapara River, which it meets close to the settlement of Opuawhanga.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
"Place name detail: Mataroa River". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board. Retrieved 12 July 2009. | instance of | {
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23
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"river"
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The Mataroa River is a river of New Zealand. It is a tributary of the Northland Region's Whakapara River, which it meets close to the settlement of Opuawhanga.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
"Place name detail: Mataroa River". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board. Retrieved 12 July 2009. | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
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70
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"text": [
"Northland Region"
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The Mataroa River is a river of New Zealand. It is a tributary of the Northland Region's Whakapara River, which it meets close to the settlement of Opuawhanga.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
"Place name detail: Mataroa River". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board. Retrieved 12 July 2009. | mouth of the watercourse | {
"answer_start": [
89
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"text": [
"Whakapara River"
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Masashi Kawakami (川上 雅史, Kawakami Masashi) (born February 23, 1972 in Tochigi) is a retired boxer from Japan, who competed for his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.
Japan sent four boxers to the Barcelona Games. Kawakami competed in the Men's Welterweight (– 67 kg) division. He was defeated in his first match by Great Britain's Adrian Dodson after the referee stopped the contest in the third round.
References
Profile | country of citizenship | {
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Masashi Kawakami (川上 雅史, Kawakami Masashi) (born February 23, 1972 in Tochigi) is a retired boxer from Japan, who competed for his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.
Japan sent four boxers to the Barcelona Games. Kawakami competed in the Men's Welterweight (– 67 kg) division. He was defeated in his first match by Great Britain's Adrian Dodson after the referee stopped the contest in the third round.
References
Profile | occupation | {
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"boxer"
]
} |
Masashi Kawakami (川上 雅史, Kawakami Masashi) (born February 23, 1972 in Tochigi) is a retired boxer from Japan, who competed for his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.
Japan sent four boxers to the Barcelona Games. Kawakami competed in the Men's Welterweight (– 67 kg) division. He was defeated in his first match by Great Britain's Adrian Dodson after the referee stopped the contest in the third round.
References
Profile | family name | {
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8
],
"text": [
"Kawakami"
]
} |
Masashi Kawakami (川上 雅史, Kawakami Masashi) (born February 23, 1972 in Tochigi) is a retired boxer from Japan, who competed for his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.
Japan sent four boxers to the Barcelona Games. Kawakami competed in the Men's Welterweight (– 67 kg) division. He was defeated in his first match by Great Britain's Adrian Dodson after the referee stopped the contest in the third round.
References
Profile | given name | {
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0
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"Masashi"
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} |
Masashi Kawakami (川上 雅史, Kawakami Masashi) (born February 23, 1972 in Tochigi) is a retired boxer from Japan, who competed for his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.
Japan sent four boxers to the Barcelona Games. Kawakami competed in the Men's Welterweight (– 67 kg) division. He was defeated in his first match by Great Britain's Adrian Dodson after the referee stopped the contest in the third round.
References
Profile | participant in | {
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153
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"text": [
"1992 Summer Olympics"
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Sir Graham Vick (30 December 1953 – 17 July 2021) was an English opera director known for his experimental and revisionist stagings of traditional and modern operas. He worked in many of the world's leading opera houses and was artistic director of the Birmingham Opera Company.
Life and career
Vick was born on 30 December 1953 in Birkenhead, the youngest son of Arnold and Muriel (née Hynes) Vick. He studied at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester. At age 24, he directed a production of Gustav Holst's Savitri for the Scottish Opera, and became the company's director of productions in 1984. From 1994 to 2000, Vick was director of productions at Glyndebourne Opera.In 1987, he founded the Birmingham Opera Company and remained its artistic director. Vick's productions with Birmingham Opera included the first UK production of Othello to feature a black tenor in the title role in 2009, and the 2012 world premiere of Karlheinz Stockhausen's notoriously difficult Mittwoch aus Licht.Vick died from complications arising from COVID-19 on 17 July 2021, aged 67.
Honours and awards
In 2005, the National Portrait Gallery, London acquired a portrait of Vick by the photographer Lorentz Gullachsen. Vick was awarded as Knight of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, as Honorary Professor of Music at the University of Birmingham, and as International Chair of Opera at the Royal Northern College of Music. He was also awarded Honorary Membership of the Royal Philharmonic Society in 2016. Vick was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to music and the regions.
Recordings
Many of Vick's productions can be seen on DVD including Lulu (Glyndebourne, 2004) Warner Music Vision B000189L10, and Falstaff (Covent Garden, 2001) Opus Arte B00005NUP8.
References
Sources
Millington, Barry, "Vick, Graham" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
Jasper Rees, 'La traviata: A Nuremberg-style display of synchronised chair-swivelling', The Daily Telegraph, 25 October 2007 [1]
Edward Rothstein, 'In New Hall, Echoes of Glyndebourne Old', New York Times, 4 June 1994 [2]
Martin Bernheimer, 'Living Dangerously' (Profile of Graham Vick), Opera News, June 2000 [3]
Hamilton, Mary. (1990). A-Z of Opera. New York, Oxford, Sydney: Facts On File. p. 212. ISBN 0-8160-2340-9.
Sadie, Stanley and John Tyrrell. (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Vol. 26, p. 530. ISBN 0-333-60800-3.
Warrack, John, and Ewan West. (1996 3rd ed.). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 538. ISBN 0-19-280028-0.
External links
Birmingham Opera Company biography Archived 27 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Graham Vick discography at Discogs
Graham Vick at IMDb
Portraits of Graham Vick at the National Portrait Gallery, London | place of birth | {
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Sir Graham Vick (30 December 1953 – 17 July 2021) was an English opera director known for his experimental and revisionist stagings of traditional and modern operas. He worked in many of the world's leading opera houses and was artistic director of the Birmingham Opera Company.
Life and career
Vick was born on 30 December 1953 in Birkenhead, the youngest son of Arnold and Muriel (née Hynes) Vick. He studied at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester. At age 24, he directed a production of Gustav Holst's Savitri for the Scottish Opera, and became the company's director of productions in 1984. From 1994 to 2000, Vick was director of productions at Glyndebourne Opera.In 1987, he founded the Birmingham Opera Company and remained its artistic director. Vick's productions with Birmingham Opera included the first UK production of Othello to feature a black tenor in the title role in 2009, and the 2012 world premiere of Karlheinz Stockhausen's notoriously difficult Mittwoch aus Licht.Vick died from complications arising from COVID-19 on 17 July 2021, aged 67.
Honours and awards
In 2005, the National Portrait Gallery, London acquired a portrait of Vick by the photographer Lorentz Gullachsen. Vick was awarded as Knight of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, as Honorary Professor of Music at the University of Birmingham, and as International Chair of Opera at the Royal Northern College of Music. He was also awarded Honorary Membership of the Royal Philharmonic Society in 2016. Vick was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to music and the regions.
Recordings
Many of Vick's productions can be seen on DVD including Lulu (Glyndebourne, 2004) Warner Music Vision B000189L10, and Falstaff (Covent Garden, 2001) Opus Arte B00005NUP8.
References
Sources
Millington, Barry, "Vick, Graham" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
Jasper Rees, 'La traviata: A Nuremberg-style display of synchronised chair-swivelling', The Daily Telegraph, 25 October 2007 [1]
Edward Rothstein, 'In New Hall, Echoes of Glyndebourne Old', New York Times, 4 June 1994 [2]
Martin Bernheimer, 'Living Dangerously' (Profile of Graham Vick), Opera News, June 2000 [3]
Hamilton, Mary. (1990). A-Z of Opera. New York, Oxford, Sydney: Facts On File. p. 212. ISBN 0-8160-2340-9.
Sadie, Stanley and John Tyrrell. (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Vol. 26, p. 530. ISBN 0-333-60800-3.
Warrack, John, and Ewan West. (1996 3rd ed.). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 538. ISBN 0-19-280028-0.
External links
Birmingham Opera Company biography Archived 27 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Graham Vick discography at Discogs
Graham Vick at IMDb
Portraits of Graham Vick at the National Portrait Gallery, London | place of death | {
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Sir Graham Vick (30 December 1953 – 17 July 2021) was an English opera director known for his experimental and revisionist stagings of traditional and modern operas. He worked in many of the world's leading opera houses and was artistic director of the Birmingham Opera Company.
Life and career
Vick was born on 30 December 1953 in Birkenhead, the youngest son of Arnold and Muriel (née Hynes) Vick. He studied at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester. At age 24, he directed a production of Gustav Holst's Savitri for the Scottish Opera, and became the company's director of productions in 1984. From 1994 to 2000, Vick was director of productions at Glyndebourne Opera.In 1987, he founded the Birmingham Opera Company and remained its artistic director. Vick's productions with Birmingham Opera included the first UK production of Othello to feature a black tenor in the title role in 2009, and the 2012 world premiere of Karlheinz Stockhausen's notoriously difficult Mittwoch aus Licht.Vick died from complications arising from COVID-19 on 17 July 2021, aged 67.
Honours and awards
In 2005, the National Portrait Gallery, London acquired a portrait of Vick by the photographer Lorentz Gullachsen. Vick was awarded as Knight of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, as Honorary Professor of Music at the University of Birmingham, and as International Chair of Opera at the Royal Northern College of Music. He was also awarded Honorary Membership of the Royal Philharmonic Society in 2016. Vick was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to music and the regions.
Recordings
Many of Vick's productions can be seen on DVD including Lulu (Glyndebourne, 2004) Warner Music Vision B000189L10, and Falstaff (Covent Garden, 2001) Opus Arte B00005NUP8.
References
Sources
Millington, Barry, "Vick, Graham" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
Jasper Rees, 'La traviata: A Nuremberg-style display of synchronised chair-swivelling', The Daily Telegraph, 25 October 2007 [1]
Edward Rothstein, 'In New Hall, Echoes of Glyndebourne Old', New York Times, 4 June 1994 [2]
Martin Bernheimer, 'Living Dangerously' (Profile of Graham Vick), Opera News, June 2000 [3]
Hamilton, Mary. (1990). A-Z of Opera. New York, Oxford, Sydney: Facts On File. p. 212. ISBN 0-8160-2340-9.
Sadie, Stanley and John Tyrrell. (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Vol. 26, p. 530. ISBN 0-333-60800-3.
Warrack, John, and Ewan West. (1996 3rd ed.). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 538. ISBN 0-19-280028-0.
External links
Birmingham Opera Company biography Archived 27 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Graham Vick discography at Discogs
Graham Vick at IMDb
Portraits of Graham Vick at the National Portrait Gallery, London | educated at | {
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Sir Graham Vick (30 December 1953 – 17 July 2021) was an English opera director known for his experimental and revisionist stagings of traditional and modern operas. He worked in many of the world's leading opera houses and was artistic director of the Birmingham Opera Company.
Life and career
Vick was born on 30 December 1953 in Birkenhead, the youngest son of Arnold and Muriel (née Hynes) Vick. He studied at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester. At age 24, he directed a production of Gustav Holst's Savitri for the Scottish Opera, and became the company's director of productions in 1984. From 1994 to 2000, Vick was director of productions at Glyndebourne Opera.In 1987, he founded the Birmingham Opera Company and remained its artistic director. Vick's productions with Birmingham Opera included the first UK production of Othello to feature a black tenor in the title role in 2009, and the 2012 world premiere of Karlheinz Stockhausen's notoriously difficult Mittwoch aus Licht.Vick died from complications arising from COVID-19 on 17 July 2021, aged 67.
Honours and awards
In 2005, the National Portrait Gallery, London acquired a portrait of Vick by the photographer Lorentz Gullachsen. Vick was awarded as Knight of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, as Honorary Professor of Music at the University of Birmingham, and as International Chair of Opera at the Royal Northern College of Music. He was also awarded Honorary Membership of the Royal Philharmonic Society in 2016. Vick was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to music and the regions.
Recordings
Many of Vick's productions can be seen on DVD including Lulu (Glyndebourne, 2004) Warner Music Vision B000189L10, and Falstaff (Covent Garden, 2001) Opus Arte B00005NUP8.
References
Sources
Millington, Barry, "Vick, Graham" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
Jasper Rees, 'La traviata: A Nuremberg-style display of synchronised chair-swivelling', The Daily Telegraph, 25 October 2007 [1]
Edward Rothstein, 'In New Hall, Echoes of Glyndebourne Old', New York Times, 4 June 1994 [2]
Martin Bernheimer, 'Living Dangerously' (Profile of Graham Vick), Opera News, June 2000 [3]
Hamilton, Mary. (1990). A-Z of Opera. New York, Oxford, Sydney: Facts On File. p. 212. ISBN 0-8160-2340-9.
Sadie, Stanley and John Tyrrell. (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Vol. 26, p. 530. ISBN 0-333-60800-3.
Warrack, John, and Ewan West. (1996 3rd ed.). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 538. ISBN 0-19-280028-0.
External links
Birmingham Opera Company biography Archived 27 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Graham Vick discography at Discogs
Graham Vick at IMDb
Portraits of Graham Vick at the National Portrait Gallery, London | occupation | {
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Sir Graham Vick (30 December 1953 – 17 July 2021) was an English opera director known for his experimental and revisionist stagings of traditional and modern operas. He worked in many of the world's leading opera houses and was artistic director of the Birmingham Opera Company.
Life and career
Vick was born on 30 December 1953 in Birkenhead, the youngest son of Arnold and Muriel (née Hynes) Vick. He studied at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester. At age 24, he directed a production of Gustav Holst's Savitri for the Scottish Opera, and became the company's director of productions in 1984. From 1994 to 2000, Vick was director of productions at Glyndebourne Opera.In 1987, he founded the Birmingham Opera Company and remained its artistic director. Vick's productions with Birmingham Opera included the first UK production of Othello to feature a black tenor in the title role in 2009, and the 2012 world premiere of Karlheinz Stockhausen's notoriously difficult Mittwoch aus Licht.Vick died from complications arising from COVID-19 on 17 July 2021, aged 67.
Honours and awards
In 2005, the National Portrait Gallery, London acquired a portrait of Vick by the photographer Lorentz Gullachsen. Vick was awarded as Knight of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, as Honorary Professor of Music at the University of Birmingham, and as International Chair of Opera at the Royal Northern College of Music. He was also awarded Honorary Membership of the Royal Philharmonic Society in 2016. Vick was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to music and the regions.
Recordings
Many of Vick's productions can be seen on DVD including Lulu (Glyndebourne, 2004) Warner Music Vision B000189L10, and Falstaff (Covent Garden, 2001) Opus Arte B00005NUP8.
References
Sources
Millington, Barry, "Vick, Graham" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
Jasper Rees, 'La traviata: A Nuremberg-style display of synchronised chair-swivelling', The Daily Telegraph, 25 October 2007 [1]
Edward Rothstein, 'In New Hall, Echoes of Glyndebourne Old', New York Times, 4 June 1994 [2]
Martin Bernheimer, 'Living Dangerously' (Profile of Graham Vick), Opera News, June 2000 [3]
Hamilton, Mary. (1990). A-Z of Opera. New York, Oxford, Sydney: Facts On File. p. 212. ISBN 0-8160-2340-9.
Sadie, Stanley and John Tyrrell. (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Vol. 26, p. 530. ISBN 0-333-60800-3.
Warrack, John, and Ewan West. (1996 3rd ed.). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 538. ISBN 0-19-280028-0.
External links
Birmingham Opera Company biography Archived 27 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Graham Vick discography at Discogs
Graham Vick at IMDb
Portraits of Graham Vick at the National Portrait Gallery, London | award received | {
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Sir Graham Vick (30 December 1953 – 17 July 2021) was an English opera director known for his experimental and revisionist stagings of traditional and modern operas. He worked in many of the world's leading opera houses and was artistic director of the Birmingham Opera Company.
Life and career
Vick was born on 30 December 1953 in Birkenhead, the youngest son of Arnold and Muriel (née Hynes) Vick. He studied at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester. At age 24, he directed a production of Gustav Holst's Savitri for the Scottish Opera, and became the company's director of productions in 1984. From 1994 to 2000, Vick was director of productions at Glyndebourne Opera.In 1987, he founded the Birmingham Opera Company and remained its artistic director. Vick's productions with Birmingham Opera included the first UK production of Othello to feature a black tenor in the title role in 2009, and the 2012 world premiere of Karlheinz Stockhausen's notoriously difficult Mittwoch aus Licht.Vick died from complications arising from COVID-19 on 17 July 2021, aged 67.
Honours and awards
In 2005, the National Portrait Gallery, London acquired a portrait of Vick by the photographer Lorentz Gullachsen. Vick was awarded as Knight of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, as Honorary Professor of Music at the University of Birmingham, and as International Chair of Opera at the Royal Northern College of Music. He was also awarded Honorary Membership of the Royal Philharmonic Society in 2016. Vick was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to music and the regions.
Recordings
Many of Vick's productions can be seen on DVD including Lulu (Glyndebourne, 2004) Warner Music Vision B000189L10, and Falstaff (Covent Garden, 2001) Opus Arte B00005NUP8.
References
Sources
Millington, Barry, "Vick, Graham" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
Jasper Rees, 'La traviata: A Nuremberg-style display of synchronised chair-swivelling', The Daily Telegraph, 25 October 2007 [1]
Edward Rothstein, 'In New Hall, Echoes of Glyndebourne Old', New York Times, 4 June 1994 [2]
Martin Bernheimer, 'Living Dangerously' (Profile of Graham Vick), Opera News, June 2000 [3]
Hamilton, Mary. (1990). A-Z of Opera. New York, Oxford, Sydney: Facts On File. p. 212. ISBN 0-8160-2340-9.
Sadie, Stanley and John Tyrrell. (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Vol. 26, p. 530. ISBN 0-333-60800-3.
Warrack, John, and Ewan West. (1996 3rd ed.). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 538. ISBN 0-19-280028-0.
External links
Birmingham Opera Company biography Archived 27 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Graham Vick discography at Discogs
Graham Vick at IMDb
Portraits of Graham Vick at the National Portrait Gallery, London | Commons category | {
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Sir Graham Vick (30 December 1953 – 17 July 2021) was an English opera director known for his experimental and revisionist stagings of traditional and modern operas. He worked in many of the world's leading opera houses and was artistic director of the Birmingham Opera Company.
Life and career
Vick was born on 30 December 1953 in Birkenhead, the youngest son of Arnold and Muriel (née Hynes) Vick. He studied at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester. At age 24, he directed a production of Gustav Holst's Savitri for the Scottish Opera, and became the company's director of productions in 1984. From 1994 to 2000, Vick was director of productions at Glyndebourne Opera.In 1987, he founded the Birmingham Opera Company and remained its artistic director. Vick's productions with Birmingham Opera included the first UK production of Othello to feature a black tenor in the title role in 2009, and the 2012 world premiere of Karlheinz Stockhausen's notoriously difficult Mittwoch aus Licht.Vick died from complications arising from COVID-19 on 17 July 2021, aged 67.
Honours and awards
In 2005, the National Portrait Gallery, London acquired a portrait of Vick by the photographer Lorentz Gullachsen. Vick was awarded as Knight of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, as Honorary Professor of Music at the University of Birmingham, and as International Chair of Opera at the Royal Northern College of Music. He was also awarded Honorary Membership of the Royal Philharmonic Society in 2016. Vick was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to music and the regions.
Recordings
Many of Vick's productions can be seen on DVD including Lulu (Glyndebourne, 2004) Warner Music Vision B000189L10, and Falstaff (Covent Garden, 2001) Opus Arte B00005NUP8.
References
Sources
Millington, Barry, "Vick, Graham" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
Jasper Rees, 'La traviata: A Nuremberg-style display of synchronised chair-swivelling', The Daily Telegraph, 25 October 2007 [1]
Edward Rothstein, 'In New Hall, Echoes of Glyndebourne Old', New York Times, 4 June 1994 [2]
Martin Bernheimer, 'Living Dangerously' (Profile of Graham Vick), Opera News, June 2000 [3]
Hamilton, Mary. (1990). A-Z of Opera. New York, Oxford, Sydney: Facts On File. p. 212. ISBN 0-8160-2340-9.
Sadie, Stanley and John Tyrrell. (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Vol. 26, p. 530. ISBN 0-333-60800-3.
Warrack, John, and Ewan West. (1996 3rd ed.). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 538. ISBN 0-19-280028-0.
External links
Birmingham Opera Company biography Archived 27 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Graham Vick discography at Discogs
Graham Vick at IMDb
Portraits of Graham Vick at the National Portrait Gallery, London | family name | {
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Sir Graham Vick (30 December 1953 – 17 July 2021) was an English opera director known for his experimental and revisionist stagings of traditional and modern operas. He worked in many of the world's leading opera houses and was artistic director of the Birmingham Opera Company.
Life and career
Vick was born on 30 December 1953 in Birkenhead, the youngest son of Arnold and Muriel (née Hynes) Vick. He studied at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester. At age 24, he directed a production of Gustav Holst's Savitri for the Scottish Opera, and became the company's director of productions in 1984. From 1994 to 2000, Vick was director of productions at Glyndebourne Opera.In 1987, he founded the Birmingham Opera Company and remained its artistic director. Vick's productions with Birmingham Opera included the first UK production of Othello to feature a black tenor in the title role in 2009, and the 2012 world premiere of Karlheinz Stockhausen's notoriously difficult Mittwoch aus Licht.Vick died from complications arising from COVID-19 on 17 July 2021, aged 67.
Honours and awards
In 2005, the National Portrait Gallery, London acquired a portrait of Vick by the photographer Lorentz Gullachsen. Vick was awarded as Knight of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, as Honorary Professor of Music at the University of Birmingham, and as International Chair of Opera at the Royal Northern College of Music. He was also awarded Honorary Membership of the Royal Philharmonic Society in 2016. Vick was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to music and the regions.
Recordings
Many of Vick's productions can be seen on DVD including Lulu (Glyndebourne, 2004) Warner Music Vision B000189L10, and Falstaff (Covent Garden, 2001) Opus Arte B00005NUP8.
References
Sources
Millington, Barry, "Vick, Graham" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
Jasper Rees, 'La traviata: A Nuremberg-style display of synchronised chair-swivelling', The Daily Telegraph, 25 October 2007 [1]
Edward Rothstein, 'In New Hall, Echoes of Glyndebourne Old', New York Times, 4 June 1994 [2]
Martin Bernheimer, 'Living Dangerously' (Profile of Graham Vick), Opera News, June 2000 [3]
Hamilton, Mary. (1990). A-Z of Opera. New York, Oxford, Sydney: Facts On File. p. 212. ISBN 0-8160-2340-9.
Sadie, Stanley and John Tyrrell. (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Vol. 26, p. 530. ISBN 0-333-60800-3.
Warrack, John, and Ewan West. (1996 3rd ed.). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 538. ISBN 0-19-280028-0.
External links
Birmingham Opera Company biography Archived 27 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Graham Vick discography at Discogs
Graham Vick at IMDb
Portraits of Graham Vick at the National Portrait Gallery, London | given name | {
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Sir Graham Vick (30 December 1953 – 17 July 2021) was an English opera director known for his experimental and revisionist stagings of traditional and modern operas. He worked in many of the world's leading opera houses and was artistic director of the Birmingham Opera Company.
Life and career
Vick was born on 30 December 1953 in Birkenhead, the youngest son of Arnold and Muriel (née Hynes) Vick. He studied at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester. At age 24, he directed a production of Gustav Holst's Savitri for the Scottish Opera, and became the company's director of productions in 1984. From 1994 to 2000, Vick was director of productions at Glyndebourne Opera.In 1987, he founded the Birmingham Opera Company and remained its artistic director. Vick's productions with Birmingham Opera included the first UK production of Othello to feature a black tenor in the title role in 2009, and the 2012 world premiere of Karlheinz Stockhausen's notoriously difficult Mittwoch aus Licht.Vick died from complications arising from COVID-19 on 17 July 2021, aged 67.
Honours and awards
In 2005, the National Portrait Gallery, London acquired a portrait of Vick by the photographer Lorentz Gullachsen. Vick was awarded as Knight of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, as Honorary Professor of Music at the University of Birmingham, and as International Chair of Opera at the Royal Northern College of Music. He was also awarded Honorary Membership of the Royal Philharmonic Society in 2016. Vick was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to music and the regions.
Recordings
Many of Vick's productions can be seen on DVD including Lulu (Glyndebourne, 2004) Warner Music Vision B000189L10, and Falstaff (Covent Garden, 2001) Opus Arte B00005NUP8.
References
Sources
Millington, Barry, "Vick, Graham" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
Jasper Rees, 'La traviata: A Nuremberg-style display of synchronised chair-swivelling', The Daily Telegraph, 25 October 2007 [1]
Edward Rothstein, 'In New Hall, Echoes of Glyndebourne Old', New York Times, 4 June 1994 [2]
Martin Bernheimer, 'Living Dangerously' (Profile of Graham Vick), Opera News, June 2000 [3]
Hamilton, Mary. (1990). A-Z of Opera. New York, Oxford, Sydney: Facts On File. p. 212. ISBN 0-8160-2340-9.
Sadie, Stanley and John Tyrrell. (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Vol. 26, p. 530. ISBN 0-333-60800-3.
Warrack, John, and Ewan West. (1996 3rd ed.). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 538. ISBN 0-19-280028-0.
External links
Birmingham Opera Company biography Archived 27 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Graham Vick discography at Discogs
Graham Vick at IMDb
Portraits of Graham Vick at the National Portrait Gallery, London | languages spoken, written or signed | {
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Rachel Harnisch (born 1 August 1973) is a Swiss operatic soprano.
Life
Born in Brig, Harnisch studied at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg with Beata Heuer-Christen. In 2000, she made her debut as Pamina (The Magic Flute) at the Stadttheater Bern under the direction of Miguel Gomez-Martinez and at the Zürich Opera House with Franz Welser-Möst. Further engagements took her to the Grand Théâtre de Genève, to Zurich and to Santiago de Chile.
In 2004, she was Fiordiligi in Così fan tutte in Ferrara under the direction of Claudio Abbado. In Modena and Reggio nell'Emilia, she sang Micaela in Carmen, also in Bern and Avenches. She made her debut in Paris at the Opéra Bastille as Pamina, directed by Robert Wilson and under the musical direction of Jiří Kout. In 2006, she sang her first Contessa in Le nozze di Figaro in Verona. In 2007, she made her debut at the Deutsche Oper Berlin as Pamina, followed by her first Amor in Orfeo ed Euridice conducted by Leopold Hager in 2008 and Clémence in Kaija Saariaho's L'amour de loin) in Antwerp and Ghent in 2009. In 2011, she sang Blanche Dialogues des Carmélites at the Deutsche Oper Berlin.In 2012, she sang Hélène d'Egmont in the world premiere of Gaetano Donizetti's Le duc d'Albe at the Vlaamse Opera in Antwerp and Ghent. The work, unfinished by Donizetti, was completed by the contemporary composer Giorgio Battistelli who was present at the premiere.As a concert singer, Harnisch sang Luigi Nono's Prometeo-Suite, Tippetts A Child of Our Time, Schumanns Szenen aus Goethes Faust, Mendelssohn's Elijah and A Midsummer Night's Dream, Debussy's Le Martyre de Saint Sébastien, Haydn's the Creation and the Caecilien-Messe, Händel's Messiah, Bach's St John Passion, Mahler's Symphony No. 2 and Symphony No. 4, Pergolesis Stabat Mater, Haydn's L’isola disabitata, Mozart's Requiem and Great Mass in C minor, K. 427, Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, Brahms' Ein deutsches Requiem and Poulenc's Gloria with conductors like Claudio Abbado, Kent Nagano and Nikolaus Harnoncourt.With Lieder recitals - together with Irwin Gage, Maurizio Pollini, Cedric Pescia and Jan Philip Schulze - she has performed in Zurich, Geneva, Bochum, Berlin, Bern, Florence, Perugia, Rome and at the Lucerne Festival.
Recordings
Requiem KV 626. Universal Music, 1999
Matthäuspassion. Musik-Forschung-Verlag, 2000
Die Schöpfung. Musik-Forschung-Verlag, 2000
Stabat mater. Universal Music, 2009
Fidelio. Universal Music, 2011
Further reading
Andreas Kotte, ed. (2005). "Rachel Harnisch". Theaterlexikon der Schweiz (TLS) / Dictionnaire du théâtre en Suisse (DTS) / Dizionario Teatrale Svizzero / Lexicon da teater svizzer [Theater Dictionary of Switzerland]. Vol. 2. Zürich: Chronos. p. 796. ISBN 978-3-0340-0715-3. LCCN 2007423414. OCLC 62309181.
References
External links
Literature by and about Rachel Harnisch in the German National Library catalogue
Rachel Harnisch discography at Discogs
Rachel Harnisch Homepage | place of birth | {
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Rachel Harnisch (born 1 August 1973) is a Swiss operatic soprano.
Life
Born in Brig, Harnisch studied at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg with Beata Heuer-Christen. In 2000, she made her debut as Pamina (The Magic Flute) at the Stadttheater Bern under the direction of Miguel Gomez-Martinez and at the Zürich Opera House with Franz Welser-Möst. Further engagements took her to the Grand Théâtre de Genève, to Zurich and to Santiago de Chile.
In 2004, she was Fiordiligi in Così fan tutte in Ferrara under the direction of Claudio Abbado. In Modena and Reggio nell'Emilia, she sang Micaela in Carmen, also in Bern and Avenches. She made her debut in Paris at the Opéra Bastille as Pamina, directed by Robert Wilson and under the musical direction of Jiří Kout. In 2006, she sang her first Contessa in Le nozze di Figaro in Verona. In 2007, she made her debut at the Deutsche Oper Berlin as Pamina, followed by her first Amor in Orfeo ed Euridice conducted by Leopold Hager in 2008 and Clémence in Kaija Saariaho's L'amour de loin) in Antwerp and Ghent in 2009. In 2011, she sang Blanche Dialogues des Carmélites at the Deutsche Oper Berlin.In 2012, she sang Hélène d'Egmont in the world premiere of Gaetano Donizetti's Le duc d'Albe at the Vlaamse Opera in Antwerp and Ghent. The work, unfinished by Donizetti, was completed by the contemporary composer Giorgio Battistelli who was present at the premiere.As a concert singer, Harnisch sang Luigi Nono's Prometeo-Suite, Tippetts A Child of Our Time, Schumanns Szenen aus Goethes Faust, Mendelssohn's Elijah and A Midsummer Night's Dream, Debussy's Le Martyre de Saint Sébastien, Haydn's the Creation and the Caecilien-Messe, Händel's Messiah, Bach's St John Passion, Mahler's Symphony No. 2 and Symphony No. 4, Pergolesis Stabat Mater, Haydn's L’isola disabitata, Mozart's Requiem and Great Mass in C minor, K. 427, Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, Brahms' Ein deutsches Requiem and Poulenc's Gloria with conductors like Claudio Abbado, Kent Nagano and Nikolaus Harnoncourt.With Lieder recitals - together with Irwin Gage, Maurizio Pollini, Cedric Pescia and Jan Philip Schulze - she has performed in Zurich, Geneva, Bochum, Berlin, Bern, Florence, Perugia, Rome and at the Lucerne Festival.
Recordings
Requiem KV 626. Universal Music, 1999
Matthäuspassion. Musik-Forschung-Verlag, 2000
Die Schöpfung. Musik-Forschung-Verlag, 2000
Stabat mater. Universal Music, 2009
Fidelio. Universal Music, 2011
Further reading
Andreas Kotte, ed. (2005). "Rachel Harnisch". Theaterlexikon der Schweiz (TLS) / Dictionnaire du théâtre en Suisse (DTS) / Dizionario Teatrale Svizzero / Lexicon da teater svizzer [Theater Dictionary of Switzerland]. Vol. 2. Zürich: Chronos. p. 796. ISBN 978-3-0340-0715-3. LCCN 2007423414. OCLC 62309181.
References
External links
Literature by and about Rachel Harnisch in the German National Library catalogue
Rachel Harnisch discography at Discogs
Rachel Harnisch Homepage | country of citizenship | {
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Rachel Harnisch (born 1 August 1973) is a Swiss operatic soprano.
Life
Born in Brig, Harnisch studied at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg with Beata Heuer-Christen. In 2000, she made her debut as Pamina (The Magic Flute) at the Stadttheater Bern under the direction of Miguel Gomez-Martinez and at the Zürich Opera House with Franz Welser-Möst. Further engagements took her to the Grand Théâtre de Genève, to Zurich and to Santiago de Chile.
In 2004, she was Fiordiligi in Così fan tutte in Ferrara under the direction of Claudio Abbado. In Modena and Reggio nell'Emilia, she sang Micaela in Carmen, also in Bern and Avenches. She made her debut in Paris at the Opéra Bastille as Pamina, directed by Robert Wilson and under the musical direction of Jiří Kout. In 2006, she sang her first Contessa in Le nozze di Figaro in Verona. In 2007, she made her debut at the Deutsche Oper Berlin as Pamina, followed by her first Amor in Orfeo ed Euridice conducted by Leopold Hager in 2008 and Clémence in Kaija Saariaho's L'amour de loin) in Antwerp and Ghent in 2009. In 2011, she sang Blanche Dialogues des Carmélites at the Deutsche Oper Berlin.In 2012, she sang Hélène d'Egmont in the world premiere of Gaetano Donizetti's Le duc d'Albe at the Vlaamse Opera in Antwerp and Ghent. The work, unfinished by Donizetti, was completed by the contemporary composer Giorgio Battistelli who was present at the premiere.As a concert singer, Harnisch sang Luigi Nono's Prometeo-Suite, Tippetts A Child of Our Time, Schumanns Szenen aus Goethes Faust, Mendelssohn's Elijah and A Midsummer Night's Dream, Debussy's Le Martyre de Saint Sébastien, Haydn's the Creation and the Caecilien-Messe, Händel's Messiah, Bach's St John Passion, Mahler's Symphony No. 2 and Symphony No. 4, Pergolesis Stabat Mater, Haydn's L’isola disabitata, Mozart's Requiem and Great Mass in C minor, K. 427, Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, Brahms' Ein deutsches Requiem and Poulenc's Gloria with conductors like Claudio Abbado, Kent Nagano and Nikolaus Harnoncourt.With Lieder recitals - together with Irwin Gage, Maurizio Pollini, Cedric Pescia and Jan Philip Schulze - she has performed in Zurich, Geneva, Bochum, Berlin, Bern, Florence, Perugia, Rome and at the Lucerne Festival.
Recordings
Requiem KV 626. Universal Music, 1999
Matthäuspassion. Musik-Forschung-Verlag, 2000
Die Schöpfung. Musik-Forschung-Verlag, 2000
Stabat mater. Universal Music, 2009
Fidelio. Universal Music, 2011
Further reading
Andreas Kotte, ed. (2005). "Rachel Harnisch". Theaterlexikon der Schweiz (TLS) / Dictionnaire du théâtre en Suisse (DTS) / Dizionario Teatrale Svizzero / Lexicon da teater svizzer [Theater Dictionary of Switzerland]. Vol. 2. Zürich: Chronos. p. 796. ISBN 978-3-0340-0715-3. LCCN 2007423414. OCLC 62309181.
References
External links
Literature by and about Rachel Harnisch in the German National Library catalogue
Rachel Harnisch discography at Discogs
Rachel Harnisch Homepage | instance of | {
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Rachel Harnisch (born 1 August 1973) is a Swiss operatic soprano.
Life
Born in Brig, Harnisch studied at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg with Beata Heuer-Christen. In 2000, she made her debut as Pamina (The Magic Flute) at the Stadttheater Bern under the direction of Miguel Gomez-Martinez and at the Zürich Opera House with Franz Welser-Möst. Further engagements took her to the Grand Théâtre de Genève, to Zurich and to Santiago de Chile.
In 2004, she was Fiordiligi in Così fan tutte in Ferrara under the direction of Claudio Abbado. In Modena and Reggio nell'Emilia, she sang Micaela in Carmen, also in Bern and Avenches. She made her debut in Paris at the Opéra Bastille as Pamina, directed by Robert Wilson and under the musical direction of Jiří Kout. In 2006, she sang her first Contessa in Le nozze di Figaro in Verona. In 2007, she made her debut at the Deutsche Oper Berlin as Pamina, followed by her first Amor in Orfeo ed Euridice conducted by Leopold Hager in 2008 and Clémence in Kaija Saariaho's L'amour de loin) in Antwerp and Ghent in 2009. In 2011, she sang Blanche Dialogues des Carmélites at the Deutsche Oper Berlin.In 2012, she sang Hélène d'Egmont in the world premiere of Gaetano Donizetti's Le duc d'Albe at the Vlaamse Opera in Antwerp and Ghent. The work, unfinished by Donizetti, was completed by the contemporary composer Giorgio Battistelli who was present at the premiere.As a concert singer, Harnisch sang Luigi Nono's Prometeo-Suite, Tippetts A Child of Our Time, Schumanns Szenen aus Goethes Faust, Mendelssohn's Elijah and A Midsummer Night's Dream, Debussy's Le Martyre de Saint Sébastien, Haydn's the Creation and the Caecilien-Messe, Händel's Messiah, Bach's St John Passion, Mahler's Symphony No. 2 and Symphony No. 4, Pergolesis Stabat Mater, Haydn's L’isola disabitata, Mozart's Requiem and Great Mass in C minor, K. 427, Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, Brahms' Ein deutsches Requiem and Poulenc's Gloria with conductors like Claudio Abbado, Kent Nagano and Nikolaus Harnoncourt.With Lieder recitals - together with Irwin Gage, Maurizio Pollini, Cedric Pescia and Jan Philip Schulze - she has performed in Zurich, Geneva, Bochum, Berlin, Bern, Florence, Perugia, Rome and at the Lucerne Festival.
Recordings
Requiem KV 626. Universal Music, 1999
Matthäuspassion. Musik-Forschung-Verlag, 2000
Die Schöpfung. Musik-Forschung-Verlag, 2000
Stabat mater. Universal Music, 2009
Fidelio. Universal Music, 2011
Further reading
Andreas Kotte, ed. (2005). "Rachel Harnisch". Theaterlexikon der Schweiz (TLS) / Dictionnaire du théâtre en Suisse (DTS) / Dizionario Teatrale Svizzero / Lexicon da teater svizzer [Theater Dictionary of Switzerland]. Vol. 2. Zürich: Chronos. p. 796. ISBN 978-3-0340-0715-3. LCCN 2007423414. OCLC 62309181.
References
External links
Literature by and about Rachel Harnisch in the German National Library catalogue
Rachel Harnisch discography at Discogs
Rachel Harnisch Homepage | voice type | {
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Rachel Harnisch (born 1 August 1973) is a Swiss operatic soprano.
Life
Born in Brig, Harnisch studied at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg with Beata Heuer-Christen. In 2000, she made her debut as Pamina (The Magic Flute) at the Stadttheater Bern under the direction of Miguel Gomez-Martinez and at the Zürich Opera House with Franz Welser-Möst. Further engagements took her to the Grand Théâtre de Genève, to Zurich and to Santiago de Chile.
In 2004, she was Fiordiligi in Così fan tutte in Ferrara under the direction of Claudio Abbado. In Modena and Reggio nell'Emilia, she sang Micaela in Carmen, also in Bern and Avenches. She made her debut in Paris at the Opéra Bastille as Pamina, directed by Robert Wilson and under the musical direction of Jiří Kout. In 2006, she sang her first Contessa in Le nozze di Figaro in Verona. In 2007, she made her debut at the Deutsche Oper Berlin as Pamina, followed by her first Amor in Orfeo ed Euridice conducted by Leopold Hager in 2008 and Clémence in Kaija Saariaho's L'amour de loin) in Antwerp and Ghent in 2009. In 2011, she sang Blanche Dialogues des Carmélites at the Deutsche Oper Berlin.In 2012, she sang Hélène d'Egmont in the world premiere of Gaetano Donizetti's Le duc d'Albe at the Vlaamse Opera in Antwerp and Ghent. The work, unfinished by Donizetti, was completed by the contemporary composer Giorgio Battistelli who was present at the premiere.As a concert singer, Harnisch sang Luigi Nono's Prometeo-Suite, Tippetts A Child of Our Time, Schumanns Szenen aus Goethes Faust, Mendelssohn's Elijah and A Midsummer Night's Dream, Debussy's Le Martyre de Saint Sébastien, Haydn's the Creation and the Caecilien-Messe, Händel's Messiah, Bach's St John Passion, Mahler's Symphony No. 2 and Symphony No. 4, Pergolesis Stabat Mater, Haydn's L’isola disabitata, Mozart's Requiem and Great Mass in C minor, K. 427, Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, Brahms' Ein deutsches Requiem and Poulenc's Gloria with conductors like Claudio Abbado, Kent Nagano and Nikolaus Harnoncourt.With Lieder recitals - together with Irwin Gage, Maurizio Pollini, Cedric Pescia and Jan Philip Schulze - she has performed in Zurich, Geneva, Bochum, Berlin, Bern, Florence, Perugia, Rome and at the Lucerne Festival.
Recordings
Requiem KV 626. Universal Music, 1999
Matthäuspassion. Musik-Forschung-Verlag, 2000
Die Schöpfung. Musik-Forschung-Verlag, 2000
Stabat mater. Universal Music, 2009
Fidelio. Universal Music, 2011
Further reading
Andreas Kotte, ed. (2005). "Rachel Harnisch". Theaterlexikon der Schweiz (TLS) / Dictionnaire du théâtre en Suisse (DTS) / Dizionario Teatrale Svizzero / Lexicon da teater svizzer [Theater Dictionary of Switzerland]. Vol. 2. Zürich: Chronos. p. 796. ISBN 978-3-0340-0715-3. LCCN 2007423414. OCLC 62309181.
References
External links
Literature by and about Rachel Harnisch in the German National Library catalogue
Rachel Harnisch discography at Discogs
Rachel Harnisch Homepage | family name | {
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Rachel Harnisch (born 1 August 1973) is a Swiss operatic soprano.
Life
Born in Brig, Harnisch studied at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg with Beata Heuer-Christen. In 2000, she made her debut as Pamina (The Magic Flute) at the Stadttheater Bern under the direction of Miguel Gomez-Martinez and at the Zürich Opera House with Franz Welser-Möst. Further engagements took her to the Grand Théâtre de Genève, to Zurich and to Santiago de Chile.
In 2004, she was Fiordiligi in Così fan tutte in Ferrara under the direction of Claudio Abbado. In Modena and Reggio nell'Emilia, she sang Micaela in Carmen, also in Bern and Avenches. She made her debut in Paris at the Opéra Bastille as Pamina, directed by Robert Wilson and under the musical direction of Jiří Kout. In 2006, she sang her first Contessa in Le nozze di Figaro in Verona. In 2007, she made her debut at the Deutsche Oper Berlin as Pamina, followed by her first Amor in Orfeo ed Euridice conducted by Leopold Hager in 2008 and Clémence in Kaija Saariaho's L'amour de loin) in Antwerp and Ghent in 2009. In 2011, she sang Blanche Dialogues des Carmélites at the Deutsche Oper Berlin.In 2012, she sang Hélène d'Egmont in the world premiere of Gaetano Donizetti's Le duc d'Albe at the Vlaamse Opera in Antwerp and Ghent. The work, unfinished by Donizetti, was completed by the contemporary composer Giorgio Battistelli who was present at the premiere.As a concert singer, Harnisch sang Luigi Nono's Prometeo-Suite, Tippetts A Child of Our Time, Schumanns Szenen aus Goethes Faust, Mendelssohn's Elijah and A Midsummer Night's Dream, Debussy's Le Martyre de Saint Sébastien, Haydn's the Creation and the Caecilien-Messe, Händel's Messiah, Bach's St John Passion, Mahler's Symphony No. 2 and Symphony No. 4, Pergolesis Stabat Mater, Haydn's L’isola disabitata, Mozart's Requiem and Great Mass in C minor, K. 427, Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, Brahms' Ein deutsches Requiem and Poulenc's Gloria with conductors like Claudio Abbado, Kent Nagano and Nikolaus Harnoncourt.With Lieder recitals - together with Irwin Gage, Maurizio Pollini, Cedric Pescia and Jan Philip Schulze - she has performed in Zurich, Geneva, Bochum, Berlin, Bern, Florence, Perugia, Rome and at the Lucerne Festival.
Recordings
Requiem KV 626. Universal Music, 1999
Matthäuspassion. Musik-Forschung-Verlag, 2000
Die Schöpfung. Musik-Forschung-Verlag, 2000
Stabat mater. Universal Music, 2009
Fidelio. Universal Music, 2011
Further reading
Andreas Kotte, ed. (2005). "Rachel Harnisch". Theaterlexikon der Schweiz (TLS) / Dictionnaire du théâtre en Suisse (DTS) / Dizionario Teatrale Svizzero / Lexicon da teater svizzer [Theater Dictionary of Switzerland]. Vol. 2. Zürich: Chronos. p. 796. ISBN 978-3-0340-0715-3. LCCN 2007423414. OCLC 62309181.
References
External links
Literature by and about Rachel Harnisch in the German National Library catalogue
Rachel Harnisch discography at Discogs
Rachel Harnisch Homepage | given name | {
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Ab Konaru (Persian: اب كنارو, also Romanized as Āb Konārū) is a village in Juyom Rural District, Juyom District, Larestan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54, in 12 families.
== References == | country | {
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Ab Konaru (Persian: اب كنارو, also Romanized as Āb Konārū) is a village in Juyom Rural District, Juyom District, Larestan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54, in 12 families.
== References == | instance of | {
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Ab Konaru (Persian: اب كنارو, also Romanized as Āb Konārū) is a village in Juyom Rural District, Juyom District, Larestan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54, in 12 families.
== References == | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
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Anna Vladimirovna Litvinova (Russian: Анна Владимировна Литвинова; 1 May 1983 – 22 January 2013) was a Russian fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Miss Universe - Russia 2006 beauty contest and represented Russia at Miss Universe 2006 contest, where she finished in the top 20.Later she moved to Moscow and started a modelling career. There she helped aspiring models to find work abroad. She died in January 2013 after suffering from cancer for one year.
Biography
Early life
Litvinova was born and raised in Novokuznetsk. In 2003, she completed her graduations from Kuzbass State Pedagogical Academy, where she studied at the Faculty of Foreign Languages.
Career
In 2003 Litvinova won the title of the most beautiful woman in the "Miss Kuzbass", and entered the top five on the All-Russian competition of beauty, with the title of "Miss Grace." She became the first runner-up in "Miss Siberia" contest. In 2006 she won Miss Universe - Russia contest and then went to Los Angeles to represent Russia in Miss Universe. She did not win, but finished in the Top 20.After winning the regional beauty competition of Novokuznetsk, she went to Moscow and started a modelling career. In Moscow she worked as a manager, she was organizing competitions and helping models to find work abroad. There she worked as second degree designer too. About her life in Moscow, Litvinova said "Moscow is a very large, noisy, bustling city. But I got used to it and loved it."
Death
Litvinova was diagnosed with melanoma about a year prior to her death. She was taken for treatment to a clinic in Germany but died on 22 January 2013 at the age of 29.
Awards
Here is a list of titles and awards Litvinova won in her career.
References
External links
Anna Litvinova at IMDb | place of birth | {
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Anna Vladimirovna Litvinova (Russian: Анна Владимировна Литвинова; 1 May 1983 – 22 January 2013) was a Russian fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Miss Universe - Russia 2006 beauty contest and represented Russia at Miss Universe 2006 contest, where she finished in the top 20.Later she moved to Moscow and started a modelling career. There she helped aspiring models to find work abroad. She died in January 2013 after suffering from cancer for one year.
Biography
Early life
Litvinova was born and raised in Novokuznetsk. In 2003, she completed her graduations from Kuzbass State Pedagogical Academy, where she studied at the Faculty of Foreign Languages.
Career
In 2003 Litvinova won the title of the most beautiful woman in the "Miss Kuzbass", and entered the top five on the All-Russian competition of beauty, with the title of "Miss Grace." She became the first runner-up in "Miss Siberia" contest. In 2006 she won Miss Universe - Russia contest and then went to Los Angeles to represent Russia in Miss Universe. She did not win, but finished in the Top 20.After winning the regional beauty competition of Novokuznetsk, she went to Moscow and started a modelling career. In Moscow she worked as a manager, she was organizing competitions and helping models to find work abroad. There she worked as second degree designer too. About her life in Moscow, Litvinova said "Moscow is a very large, noisy, bustling city. But I got used to it and loved it."
Death
Litvinova was diagnosed with melanoma about a year prior to her death. She was taken for treatment to a clinic in Germany but died on 22 January 2013 at the age of 29.
Awards
Here is a list of titles and awards Litvinova won in her career.
References
External links
Anna Litvinova at IMDb | place of death | {
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Anna Vladimirovna Litvinova (Russian: Анна Владимировна Литвинова; 1 May 1983 – 22 January 2013) was a Russian fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Miss Universe - Russia 2006 beauty contest and represented Russia at Miss Universe 2006 contest, where she finished in the top 20.Later she moved to Moscow and started a modelling career. There she helped aspiring models to find work abroad. She died in January 2013 after suffering from cancer for one year.
Biography
Early life
Litvinova was born and raised in Novokuznetsk. In 2003, she completed her graduations from Kuzbass State Pedagogical Academy, where she studied at the Faculty of Foreign Languages.
Career
In 2003 Litvinova won the title of the most beautiful woman in the "Miss Kuzbass", and entered the top five on the All-Russian competition of beauty, with the title of "Miss Grace." She became the first runner-up in "Miss Siberia" contest. In 2006 she won Miss Universe - Russia contest and then went to Los Angeles to represent Russia in Miss Universe. She did not win, but finished in the Top 20.After winning the regional beauty competition of Novokuznetsk, she went to Moscow and started a modelling career. In Moscow she worked as a manager, she was organizing competitions and helping models to find work abroad. There she worked as second degree designer too. About her life in Moscow, Litvinova said "Moscow is a very large, noisy, bustling city. But I got used to it and loved it."
Death
Litvinova was diagnosed with melanoma about a year prior to her death. She was taken for treatment to a clinic in Germany but died on 22 January 2013 at the age of 29.
Awards
Here is a list of titles and awards Litvinova won in her career.
References
External links
Anna Litvinova at IMDb | country of citizenship | {
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Anna Vladimirovna Litvinova (Russian: Анна Владимировна Литвинова; 1 May 1983 – 22 January 2013) was a Russian fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Miss Universe - Russia 2006 beauty contest and represented Russia at Miss Universe 2006 contest, where she finished in the top 20.Later she moved to Moscow and started a modelling career. There she helped aspiring models to find work abroad. She died in January 2013 after suffering from cancer for one year.
Biography
Early life
Litvinova was born and raised in Novokuznetsk. In 2003, she completed her graduations from Kuzbass State Pedagogical Academy, where she studied at the Faculty of Foreign Languages.
Career
In 2003 Litvinova won the title of the most beautiful woman in the "Miss Kuzbass", and entered the top five on the All-Russian competition of beauty, with the title of "Miss Grace." She became the first runner-up in "Miss Siberia" contest. In 2006 she won Miss Universe - Russia contest and then went to Los Angeles to represent Russia in Miss Universe. She did not win, but finished in the Top 20.After winning the regional beauty competition of Novokuznetsk, she went to Moscow and started a modelling career. In Moscow she worked as a manager, she was organizing competitions and helping models to find work abroad. There she worked as second degree designer too. About her life in Moscow, Litvinova said "Moscow is a very large, noisy, bustling city. But I got used to it and loved it."
Death
Litvinova was diagnosed with melanoma about a year prior to her death. She was taken for treatment to a clinic in Germany but died on 22 January 2013 at the age of 29.
Awards
Here is a list of titles and awards Litvinova won in her career.
References
External links
Anna Litvinova at IMDb | native language | {
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Anna Vladimirovna Litvinova (Russian: Анна Владимировна Литвинова; 1 May 1983 – 22 January 2013) was a Russian fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Miss Universe - Russia 2006 beauty contest and represented Russia at Miss Universe 2006 contest, where she finished in the top 20.Later she moved to Moscow and started a modelling career. There she helped aspiring models to find work abroad. She died in January 2013 after suffering from cancer for one year.
Biography
Early life
Litvinova was born and raised in Novokuznetsk. In 2003, she completed her graduations from Kuzbass State Pedagogical Academy, where she studied at the Faculty of Foreign Languages.
Career
In 2003 Litvinova won the title of the most beautiful woman in the "Miss Kuzbass", and entered the top five on the All-Russian competition of beauty, with the title of "Miss Grace." She became the first runner-up in "Miss Siberia" contest. In 2006 she won Miss Universe - Russia contest and then went to Los Angeles to represent Russia in Miss Universe. She did not win, but finished in the Top 20.After winning the regional beauty competition of Novokuznetsk, she went to Moscow and started a modelling career. In Moscow she worked as a manager, she was organizing competitions and helping models to find work abroad. There she worked as second degree designer too. About her life in Moscow, Litvinova said "Moscow is a very large, noisy, bustling city. But I got used to it and loved it."
Death
Litvinova was diagnosed with melanoma about a year prior to her death. She was taken for treatment to a clinic in Germany but died on 22 January 2013 at the age of 29.
Awards
Here is a list of titles and awards Litvinova won in her career.
References
External links
Anna Litvinova at IMDb | occupation | {
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Anna Vladimirovna Litvinova (Russian: Анна Владимировна Литвинова; 1 May 1983 – 22 January 2013) was a Russian fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Miss Universe - Russia 2006 beauty contest and represented Russia at Miss Universe 2006 contest, where she finished in the top 20.Later she moved to Moscow and started a modelling career. There she helped aspiring models to find work abroad. She died in January 2013 after suffering from cancer for one year.
Biography
Early life
Litvinova was born and raised in Novokuznetsk. In 2003, she completed her graduations from Kuzbass State Pedagogical Academy, where she studied at the Faculty of Foreign Languages.
Career
In 2003 Litvinova won the title of the most beautiful woman in the "Miss Kuzbass", and entered the top five on the All-Russian competition of beauty, with the title of "Miss Grace." She became the first runner-up in "Miss Siberia" contest. In 2006 she won Miss Universe - Russia contest and then went to Los Angeles to represent Russia in Miss Universe. She did not win, but finished in the Top 20.After winning the regional beauty competition of Novokuznetsk, she went to Moscow and started a modelling career. In Moscow she worked as a manager, she was organizing competitions and helping models to find work abroad. There she worked as second degree designer too. About her life in Moscow, Litvinova said "Moscow is a very large, noisy, bustling city. But I got used to it and loved it."
Death
Litvinova was diagnosed with melanoma about a year prior to her death. She was taken for treatment to a clinic in Germany but died on 22 January 2013 at the age of 29.
Awards
Here is a list of titles and awards Litvinova won in her career.
References
External links
Anna Litvinova at IMDb | place of burial | {
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"Novokuznetsk"
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} |
Anna Vladimirovna Litvinova (Russian: Анна Владимировна Литвинова; 1 May 1983 – 22 January 2013) was a Russian fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Miss Universe - Russia 2006 beauty contest and represented Russia at Miss Universe 2006 contest, where she finished in the top 20.Later she moved to Moscow and started a modelling career. There she helped aspiring models to find work abroad. She died in January 2013 after suffering from cancer for one year.
Biography
Early life
Litvinova was born and raised in Novokuznetsk. In 2003, she completed her graduations from Kuzbass State Pedagogical Academy, where she studied at the Faculty of Foreign Languages.
Career
In 2003 Litvinova won the title of the most beautiful woman in the "Miss Kuzbass", and entered the top five on the All-Russian competition of beauty, with the title of "Miss Grace." She became the first runner-up in "Miss Siberia" contest. In 2006 she won Miss Universe - Russia contest and then went to Los Angeles to represent Russia in Miss Universe. She did not win, but finished in the Top 20.After winning the regional beauty competition of Novokuznetsk, she went to Moscow and started a modelling career. In Moscow she worked as a manager, she was organizing competitions and helping models to find work abroad. There she worked as second degree designer too. About her life in Moscow, Litvinova said "Moscow is a very large, noisy, bustling city. But I got used to it and loved it."
Death
Litvinova was diagnosed with melanoma about a year prior to her death. She was taken for treatment to a clinic in Germany but died on 22 January 2013 at the age of 29.
Awards
Here is a list of titles and awards Litvinova won in her career.
References
External links
Anna Litvinova at IMDb | cause of death | {
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Anna Vladimirovna Litvinova (Russian: Анна Владимировна Литвинова; 1 May 1983 – 22 January 2013) was a Russian fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Miss Universe - Russia 2006 beauty contest and represented Russia at Miss Universe 2006 contest, where she finished in the top 20.Later she moved to Moscow and started a modelling career. There she helped aspiring models to find work abroad. She died in January 2013 after suffering from cancer for one year.
Biography
Early life
Litvinova was born and raised in Novokuznetsk. In 2003, she completed her graduations from Kuzbass State Pedagogical Academy, where she studied at the Faculty of Foreign Languages.
Career
In 2003 Litvinova won the title of the most beautiful woman in the "Miss Kuzbass", and entered the top five on the All-Russian competition of beauty, with the title of "Miss Grace." She became the first runner-up in "Miss Siberia" contest. In 2006 she won Miss Universe - Russia contest and then went to Los Angeles to represent Russia in Miss Universe. She did not win, but finished in the Top 20.After winning the regional beauty competition of Novokuznetsk, she went to Moscow and started a modelling career. In Moscow she worked as a manager, she was organizing competitions and helping models to find work abroad. There she worked as second degree designer too. About her life in Moscow, Litvinova said "Moscow is a very large, noisy, bustling city. But I got used to it and loved it."
Death
Litvinova was diagnosed with melanoma about a year prior to her death. She was taken for treatment to a clinic in Germany but died on 22 January 2013 at the age of 29.
Awards
Here is a list of titles and awards Litvinova won in her career.
References
External links
Anna Litvinova at IMDb | given name | {
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Anna Vladimirovna Litvinova (Russian: Анна Владимировна Литвинова; 1 May 1983 – 22 January 2013) was a Russian fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Miss Universe - Russia 2006 beauty contest and represented Russia at Miss Universe 2006 contest, where she finished in the top 20.Later she moved to Moscow and started a modelling career. There she helped aspiring models to find work abroad. She died in January 2013 after suffering from cancer for one year.
Biography
Early life
Litvinova was born and raised in Novokuznetsk. In 2003, she completed her graduations from Kuzbass State Pedagogical Academy, where she studied at the Faculty of Foreign Languages.
Career
In 2003 Litvinova won the title of the most beautiful woman in the "Miss Kuzbass", and entered the top five on the All-Russian competition of beauty, with the title of "Miss Grace." She became the first runner-up in "Miss Siberia" contest. In 2006 she won Miss Universe - Russia contest and then went to Los Angeles to represent Russia in Miss Universe. She did not win, but finished in the Top 20.After winning the regional beauty competition of Novokuznetsk, she went to Moscow and started a modelling career. In Moscow she worked as a manager, she was organizing competitions and helping models to find work abroad. There she worked as second degree designer too. About her life in Moscow, Litvinova said "Moscow is a very large, noisy, bustling city. But I got used to it and loved it."
Death
Litvinova was diagnosed with melanoma about a year prior to her death. She was taken for treatment to a clinic in Germany but died on 22 January 2013 at the age of 29.
Awards
Here is a list of titles and awards Litvinova won in her career.
References
External links
Anna Litvinova at IMDb | languages spoken, written or signed | {
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"Russian"
]
} |
Sri. Channavajjala Mallikarjuna Prasad, better known as C. M. Prasad, is an Indian born physician/psychiatrist in the Greater Washington Metropolis of the United States. He was born on 14 May 1948.
Education
C.M. Prasad acquired a bachelor's degree from Andhra Christian College, Guntur, Andhra University in 1968. It is from Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda that he graduated with a master's degree in Pharmacology in 1972. He pursued postgraduate research work at the University of Bombay and obtained his PhD in Pharmacology in 1977. He started as a research scientist at the University of Texas Medical Center in Houston in 1978. He taught and carried out research in Pharmacology at the University of Houston, TX in 1979. His research during 1978-1982 addressed studies into the mechanisms of neuronal and neurohumoral transmission. He obtained his Medical degree in 1984 at Medical School in Juarez, Mexico. That was followed by Psychiatry training in St. Elizabeths hospital in Washington DC during 1984–88, and then a year of neurology in Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York 1988–89. For his research as a Psychiatrist Dr. Prasad delved into topics of basal ganglia mineralization in schizophrenic patients.
Career
He has certifications in the area of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine. Dr. Prasad is actively involved in geriatric psychiatry, pain management, Prison Psychiatry and Electro Convulsive Therapy to name a few. Prasad is a long-standing member of several medical societies and professional organizations such as American Psychiatric Association, Washington Psychiatric Society, American Board of Addiction medicine, American Board of Physician Specialists, American Board of Psychiatric Medicine, American Board of Pain Management, American Association of Physicians of India Origin, National Association of certified Hypnotherapists. As of 2011 he retired from St. Elizabeths Hospital
affiliation, the DC government staff psychiatrist position he held for over 20 years. Currently, he is an independent consultant Psychiatrist in Private practice in the area hospitals such as United Medical Center in Washington, DC, Virginia Hospital Center in Arlington and at the Alexandria, Fairfax, and Fair Oaks INOVA Hospitals in Northern Virginia. He is also the Medical Director in a Neighbors' Cosejo a nonprofit organization for the benefit of Homeless Hispanic population in need of services for mental health, alcohol/substance abuse, rehabilitation and affordable housing in Washington, DC.
Awards
He received PARVASI award for his achievements in the field of medicine at national and international levels by Lt. Governor of Pondicherry Sardar Dr. Iqbal Singh at an event held in Hotel Le Meridian of New Delhi.
He has been elected to the status of a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association in December 2011.
He is a recipient of the Global organization of People of India Origin (GOPIO) award in 2007 for outstanding professional presentation on mental health issues facing India and unswerving and undaunted support for the vision and mission of GOPIO.
On 14 December 2010 he was honored by the "Maryland India Business Round Table"(MIBRT) with the "MIBRT award for excellence in Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Practice & Counseling Service of the year".
He received the honor from Honorable Ben Cardin, Maryland Senator, in recognition of his commitment and services in providing Medical, Psychiatric and Counseling in the Washington DC metro area.
On 26 May 2011 he received Maryland Governor's Citation in recognition of leadership in promoting business, trade and job growth in Maryland.
He has been recognized in House of Representatives Congressional Record on 6 September 2018 for his exceptional contributions to the international medicalcommunity.
Publications
Casanova, MF; Prasad, CM; Waldman, I; Illowsky, B; Stein, B; Weinberger, DR; Kleinman, JB (1990). "No difference in basal ganglia mineralization between schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients: A quantitative computerized tomographic study". Biological Psychiatry. 27 (2): 138–42. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(90)90643-g. PMID 2294977. S2CID 24301613.
Prasad, CM; Pardo, L; Rigor, BM; Dafny, N (1985). "Dose effects of halothane on sensory evoked responses obtained from the cortex, reticular formation and central gray". The International Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (1–2): 91–100. doi:10.3109/00207458509149138. PMID 4019066.
Tadepalli, AS; Prasad, CM (1982). "Depression of reflex vagal bradycardia by a central action of phentolamine in the spinal cat". Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie. 257 (1): 77–86. PMID 7114972.
Prasad, CM; Adamski, SW; Svensjö, E; Grega, GJ (1982). "Pharmacological modification of the edema produced by combined infusions of prostaglandin E1 and bradykinin in canine forelimbs". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 220 (2): 293–8. PMID 6173476.
Amelang, E; Prasad, CM; Raymond, RM; Grega, GJ (1981). "Interactions among inflammatory mediators on edema formation in the canine forelimb". Circulation Research. 49 (2): 298–306. doi:10.1161/01.res.49.2.298. PMID 7249267.
Prasad, CM; Nair, KG; Sheth, UK (1980). "Reversal of digoxin induced cardiac arrhythmias by nickel chloride". Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology. 27 (2): 405–8. PMID 7367757.
Prasad, CM; Shah, DS; Gulati, OD (1973). "Some factors affecting the neuron blocking action of guanethidine, xylocholine, bretylium and debrisoquin". Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 23 (6): 805–11. doi:10.1254/jjp.23.805. PMID 4544694.
References
External links
Aapiusa.org | place of birth | {
"answer_start": [
281
],
"text": [
"Guntur"
]
} |
Sri. Channavajjala Mallikarjuna Prasad, better known as C. M. Prasad, is an Indian born physician/psychiatrist in the Greater Washington Metropolis of the United States. He was born on 14 May 1948.
Education
C.M. Prasad acquired a bachelor's degree from Andhra Christian College, Guntur, Andhra University in 1968. It is from Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda that he graduated with a master's degree in Pharmacology in 1972. He pursued postgraduate research work at the University of Bombay and obtained his PhD in Pharmacology in 1977. He started as a research scientist at the University of Texas Medical Center in Houston in 1978. He taught and carried out research in Pharmacology at the University of Houston, TX in 1979. His research during 1978-1982 addressed studies into the mechanisms of neuronal and neurohumoral transmission. He obtained his Medical degree in 1984 at Medical School in Juarez, Mexico. That was followed by Psychiatry training in St. Elizabeths hospital in Washington DC during 1984–88, and then a year of neurology in Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York 1988–89. For his research as a Psychiatrist Dr. Prasad delved into topics of basal ganglia mineralization in schizophrenic patients.
Career
He has certifications in the area of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine. Dr. Prasad is actively involved in geriatric psychiatry, pain management, Prison Psychiatry and Electro Convulsive Therapy to name a few. Prasad is a long-standing member of several medical societies and professional organizations such as American Psychiatric Association, Washington Psychiatric Society, American Board of Addiction medicine, American Board of Physician Specialists, American Board of Psychiatric Medicine, American Board of Pain Management, American Association of Physicians of India Origin, National Association of certified Hypnotherapists. As of 2011 he retired from St. Elizabeths Hospital
affiliation, the DC government staff psychiatrist position he held for over 20 years. Currently, he is an independent consultant Psychiatrist in Private practice in the area hospitals such as United Medical Center in Washington, DC, Virginia Hospital Center in Arlington and at the Alexandria, Fairfax, and Fair Oaks INOVA Hospitals in Northern Virginia. He is also the Medical Director in a Neighbors' Cosejo a nonprofit organization for the benefit of Homeless Hispanic population in need of services for mental health, alcohol/substance abuse, rehabilitation and affordable housing in Washington, DC.
Awards
He received PARVASI award for his achievements in the field of medicine at national and international levels by Lt. Governor of Pondicherry Sardar Dr. Iqbal Singh at an event held in Hotel Le Meridian of New Delhi.
He has been elected to the status of a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association in December 2011.
He is a recipient of the Global organization of People of India Origin (GOPIO) award in 2007 for outstanding professional presentation on mental health issues facing India and unswerving and undaunted support for the vision and mission of GOPIO.
On 14 December 2010 he was honored by the "Maryland India Business Round Table"(MIBRT) with the "MIBRT award for excellence in Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Practice & Counseling Service of the year".
He received the honor from Honorable Ben Cardin, Maryland Senator, in recognition of his commitment and services in providing Medical, Psychiatric and Counseling in the Washington DC metro area.
On 26 May 2011 he received Maryland Governor's Citation in recognition of leadership in promoting business, trade and job growth in Maryland.
He has been recognized in House of Representatives Congressional Record on 6 September 2018 for his exceptional contributions to the international medicalcommunity.
Publications
Casanova, MF; Prasad, CM; Waldman, I; Illowsky, B; Stein, B; Weinberger, DR; Kleinman, JB (1990). "No difference in basal ganglia mineralization between schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients: A quantitative computerized tomographic study". Biological Psychiatry. 27 (2): 138–42. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(90)90643-g. PMID 2294977. S2CID 24301613.
Prasad, CM; Pardo, L; Rigor, BM; Dafny, N (1985). "Dose effects of halothane on sensory evoked responses obtained from the cortex, reticular formation and central gray". The International Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (1–2): 91–100. doi:10.3109/00207458509149138. PMID 4019066.
Tadepalli, AS; Prasad, CM (1982). "Depression of reflex vagal bradycardia by a central action of phentolamine in the spinal cat". Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie. 257 (1): 77–86. PMID 7114972.
Prasad, CM; Adamski, SW; Svensjö, E; Grega, GJ (1982). "Pharmacological modification of the edema produced by combined infusions of prostaglandin E1 and bradykinin in canine forelimbs". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 220 (2): 293–8. PMID 6173476.
Amelang, E; Prasad, CM; Raymond, RM; Grega, GJ (1981). "Interactions among inflammatory mediators on edema formation in the canine forelimb". Circulation Research. 49 (2): 298–306. doi:10.1161/01.res.49.2.298. PMID 7249267.
Prasad, CM; Nair, KG; Sheth, UK (1980). "Reversal of digoxin induced cardiac arrhythmias by nickel chloride". Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology. 27 (2): 405–8. PMID 7367757.
Prasad, CM; Shah, DS; Gulati, OD (1973). "Some factors affecting the neuron blocking action of guanethidine, xylocholine, bretylium and debrisoquin". Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 23 (6): 805–11. doi:10.1254/jjp.23.805. PMID 4544694.
References
External links
Aapiusa.org | country of citizenship | {
"answer_start": [
76
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"text": [
"India"
]
} |
Sri. Channavajjala Mallikarjuna Prasad, better known as C. M. Prasad, is an Indian born physician/psychiatrist in the Greater Washington Metropolis of the United States. He was born on 14 May 1948.
Education
C.M. Prasad acquired a bachelor's degree from Andhra Christian College, Guntur, Andhra University in 1968. It is from Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda that he graduated with a master's degree in Pharmacology in 1972. He pursued postgraduate research work at the University of Bombay and obtained his PhD in Pharmacology in 1977. He started as a research scientist at the University of Texas Medical Center in Houston in 1978. He taught and carried out research in Pharmacology at the University of Houston, TX in 1979. His research during 1978-1982 addressed studies into the mechanisms of neuronal and neurohumoral transmission. He obtained his Medical degree in 1984 at Medical School in Juarez, Mexico. That was followed by Psychiatry training in St. Elizabeths hospital in Washington DC during 1984–88, and then a year of neurology in Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York 1988–89. For his research as a Psychiatrist Dr. Prasad delved into topics of basal ganglia mineralization in schizophrenic patients.
Career
He has certifications in the area of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine. Dr. Prasad is actively involved in geriatric psychiatry, pain management, Prison Psychiatry and Electro Convulsive Therapy to name a few. Prasad is a long-standing member of several medical societies and professional organizations such as American Psychiatric Association, Washington Psychiatric Society, American Board of Addiction medicine, American Board of Physician Specialists, American Board of Psychiatric Medicine, American Board of Pain Management, American Association of Physicians of India Origin, National Association of certified Hypnotherapists. As of 2011 he retired from St. Elizabeths Hospital
affiliation, the DC government staff psychiatrist position he held for over 20 years. Currently, he is an independent consultant Psychiatrist in Private practice in the area hospitals such as United Medical Center in Washington, DC, Virginia Hospital Center in Arlington and at the Alexandria, Fairfax, and Fair Oaks INOVA Hospitals in Northern Virginia. He is also the Medical Director in a Neighbors' Cosejo a nonprofit organization for the benefit of Homeless Hispanic population in need of services for mental health, alcohol/substance abuse, rehabilitation and affordable housing in Washington, DC.
Awards
He received PARVASI award for his achievements in the field of medicine at national and international levels by Lt. Governor of Pondicherry Sardar Dr. Iqbal Singh at an event held in Hotel Le Meridian of New Delhi.
He has been elected to the status of a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association in December 2011.
He is a recipient of the Global organization of People of India Origin (GOPIO) award in 2007 for outstanding professional presentation on mental health issues facing India and unswerving and undaunted support for the vision and mission of GOPIO.
On 14 December 2010 he was honored by the "Maryland India Business Round Table"(MIBRT) with the "MIBRT award for excellence in Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Practice & Counseling Service of the year".
He received the honor from Honorable Ben Cardin, Maryland Senator, in recognition of his commitment and services in providing Medical, Psychiatric and Counseling in the Washington DC metro area.
On 26 May 2011 he received Maryland Governor's Citation in recognition of leadership in promoting business, trade and job growth in Maryland.
He has been recognized in House of Representatives Congressional Record on 6 September 2018 for his exceptional contributions to the international medicalcommunity.
Publications
Casanova, MF; Prasad, CM; Waldman, I; Illowsky, B; Stein, B; Weinberger, DR; Kleinman, JB (1990). "No difference in basal ganglia mineralization between schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients: A quantitative computerized tomographic study". Biological Psychiatry. 27 (2): 138–42. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(90)90643-g. PMID 2294977. S2CID 24301613.
Prasad, CM; Pardo, L; Rigor, BM; Dafny, N (1985). "Dose effects of halothane on sensory evoked responses obtained from the cortex, reticular formation and central gray". The International Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (1–2): 91–100. doi:10.3109/00207458509149138. PMID 4019066.
Tadepalli, AS; Prasad, CM (1982). "Depression of reflex vagal bradycardia by a central action of phentolamine in the spinal cat". Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie. 257 (1): 77–86. PMID 7114972.
Prasad, CM; Adamski, SW; Svensjö, E; Grega, GJ (1982). "Pharmacological modification of the edema produced by combined infusions of prostaglandin E1 and bradykinin in canine forelimbs". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 220 (2): 293–8. PMID 6173476.
Amelang, E; Prasad, CM; Raymond, RM; Grega, GJ (1981). "Interactions among inflammatory mediators on edema formation in the canine forelimb". Circulation Research. 49 (2): 298–306. doi:10.1161/01.res.49.2.298. PMID 7249267.
Prasad, CM; Nair, KG; Sheth, UK (1980). "Reversal of digoxin induced cardiac arrhythmias by nickel chloride". Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology. 27 (2): 405–8. PMID 7367757.
Prasad, CM; Shah, DS; Gulati, OD (1973). "Some factors affecting the neuron blocking action of guanethidine, xylocholine, bretylium and debrisoquin". Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 23 (6): 805–11. doi:10.1254/jjp.23.805. PMID 4544694.
References
External links
Aapiusa.org | educated at | {
"answer_start": [
289
],
"text": [
"Andhra University"
]
} |
Sri. Channavajjala Mallikarjuna Prasad, better known as C. M. Prasad, is an Indian born physician/psychiatrist in the Greater Washington Metropolis of the United States. He was born on 14 May 1948.
Education
C.M. Prasad acquired a bachelor's degree from Andhra Christian College, Guntur, Andhra University in 1968. It is from Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda that he graduated with a master's degree in Pharmacology in 1972. He pursued postgraduate research work at the University of Bombay and obtained his PhD in Pharmacology in 1977. He started as a research scientist at the University of Texas Medical Center in Houston in 1978. He taught and carried out research in Pharmacology at the University of Houston, TX in 1979. His research during 1978-1982 addressed studies into the mechanisms of neuronal and neurohumoral transmission. He obtained his Medical degree in 1984 at Medical School in Juarez, Mexico. That was followed by Psychiatry training in St. Elizabeths hospital in Washington DC during 1984–88, and then a year of neurology in Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York 1988–89. For his research as a Psychiatrist Dr. Prasad delved into topics of basal ganglia mineralization in schizophrenic patients.
Career
He has certifications in the area of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine. Dr. Prasad is actively involved in geriatric psychiatry, pain management, Prison Psychiatry and Electro Convulsive Therapy to name a few. Prasad is a long-standing member of several medical societies and professional organizations such as American Psychiatric Association, Washington Psychiatric Society, American Board of Addiction medicine, American Board of Physician Specialists, American Board of Psychiatric Medicine, American Board of Pain Management, American Association of Physicians of India Origin, National Association of certified Hypnotherapists. As of 2011 he retired from St. Elizabeths Hospital
affiliation, the DC government staff psychiatrist position he held for over 20 years. Currently, he is an independent consultant Psychiatrist in Private practice in the area hospitals such as United Medical Center in Washington, DC, Virginia Hospital Center in Arlington and at the Alexandria, Fairfax, and Fair Oaks INOVA Hospitals in Northern Virginia. He is also the Medical Director in a Neighbors' Cosejo a nonprofit organization for the benefit of Homeless Hispanic population in need of services for mental health, alcohol/substance abuse, rehabilitation and affordable housing in Washington, DC.
Awards
He received PARVASI award for his achievements in the field of medicine at national and international levels by Lt. Governor of Pondicherry Sardar Dr. Iqbal Singh at an event held in Hotel Le Meridian of New Delhi.
He has been elected to the status of a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association in December 2011.
He is a recipient of the Global organization of People of India Origin (GOPIO) award in 2007 for outstanding professional presentation on mental health issues facing India and unswerving and undaunted support for the vision and mission of GOPIO.
On 14 December 2010 he was honored by the "Maryland India Business Round Table"(MIBRT) with the "MIBRT award for excellence in Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Practice & Counseling Service of the year".
He received the honor from Honorable Ben Cardin, Maryland Senator, in recognition of his commitment and services in providing Medical, Psychiatric and Counseling in the Washington DC metro area.
On 26 May 2011 he received Maryland Governor's Citation in recognition of leadership in promoting business, trade and job growth in Maryland.
He has been recognized in House of Representatives Congressional Record on 6 September 2018 for his exceptional contributions to the international medicalcommunity.
Publications
Casanova, MF; Prasad, CM; Waldman, I; Illowsky, B; Stein, B; Weinberger, DR; Kleinman, JB (1990). "No difference in basal ganglia mineralization between schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients: A quantitative computerized tomographic study". Biological Psychiatry. 27 (2): 138–42. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(90)90643-g. PMID 2294977. S2CID 24301613.
Prasad, CM; Pardo, L; Rigor, BM; Dafny, N (1985). "Dose effects of halothane on sensory evoked responses obtained from the cortex, reticular formation and central gray". The International Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (1–2): 91–100. doi:10.3109/00207458509149138. PMID 4019066.
Tadepalli, AS; Prasad, CM (1982). "Depression of reflex vagal bradycardia by a central action of phentolamine in the spinal cat". Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie. 257 (1): 77–86. PMID 7114972.
Prasad, CM; Adamski, SW; Svensjö, E; Grega, GJ (1982). "Pharmacological modification of the edema produced by combined infusions of prostaglandin E1 and bradykinin in canine forelimbs". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 220 (2): 293–8. PMID 6173476.
Amelang, E; Prasad, CM; Raymond, RM; Grega, GJ (1981). "Interactions among inflammatory mediators on edema formation in the canine forelimb". Circulation Research. 49 (2): 298–306. doi:10.1161/01.res.49.2.298. PMID 7249267.
Prasad, CM; Nair, KG; Sheth, UK (1980). "Reversal of digoxin induced cardiac arrhythmias by nickel chloride". Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology. 27 (2): 405–8. PMID 7367757.
Prasad, CM; Shah, DS; Gulati, OD (1973). "Some factors affecting the neuron blocking action of guanethidine, xylocholine, bretylium and debrisoquin". Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 23 (6): 805–11. doi:10.1254/jjp.23.805. PMID 4544694.
References
External links
Aapiusa.org | occupation | {
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"psychiatrist"
]
} |
Sri. Channavajjala Mallikarjuna Prasad, better known as C. M. Prasad, is an Indian born physician/psychiatrist in the Greater Washington Metropolis of the United States. He was born on 14 May 1948.
Education
C.M. Prasad acquired a bachelor's degree from Andhra Christian College, Guntur, Andhra University in 1968. It is from Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda that he graduated with a master's degree in Pharmacology in 1972. He pursued postgraduate research work at the University of Bombay and obtained his PhD in Pharmacology in 1977. He started as a research scientist at the University of Texas Medical Center in Houston in 1978. He taught and carried out research in Pharmacology at the University of Houston, TX in 1979. His research during 1978-1982 addressed studies into the mechanisms of neuronal and neurohumoral transmission. He obtained his Medical degree in 1984 at Medical School in Juarez, Mexico. That was followed by Psychiatry training in St. Elizabeths hospital in Washington DC during 1984–88, and then a year of neurology in Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York 1988–89. For his research as a Psychiatrist Dr. Prasad delved into topics of basal ganglia mineralization in schizophrenic patients.
Career
He has certifications in the area of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine. Dr. Prasad is actively involved in geriatric psychiatry, pain management, Prison Psychiatry and Electro Convulsive Therapy to name a few. Prasad is a long-standing member of several medical societies and professional organizations such as American Psychiatric Association, Washington Psychiatric Society, American Board of Addiction medicine, American Board of Physician Specialists, American Board of Psychiatric Medicine, American Board of Pain Management, American Association of Physicians of India Origin, National Association of certified Hypnotherapists. As of 2011 he retired from St. Elizabeths Hospital
affiliation, the DC government staff psychiatrist position he held for over 20 years. Currently, he is an independent consultant Psychiatrist in Private practice in the area hospitals such as United Medical Center in Washington, DC, Virginia Hospital Center in Arlington and at the Alexandria, Fairfax, and Fair Oaks INOVA Hospitals in Northern Virginia. He is also the Medical Director in a Neighbors' Cosejo a nonprofit organization for the benefit of Homeless Hispanic population in need of services for mental health, alcohol/substance abuse, rehabilitation and affordable housing in Washington, DC.
Awards
He received PARVASI award for his achievements in the field of medicine at national and international levels by Lt. Governor of Pondicherry Sardar Dr. Iqbal Singh at an event held in Hotel Le Meridian of New Delhi.
He has been elected to the status of a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association in December 2011.
He is a recipient of the Global organization of People of India Origin (GOPIO) award in 2007 for outstanding professional presentation on mental health issues facing India and unswerving and undaunted support for the vision and mission of GOPIO.
On 14 December 2010 he was honored by the "Maryland India Business Round Table"(MIBRT) with the "MIBRT award for excellence in Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Practice & Counseling Service of the year".
He received the honor from Honorable Ben Cardin, Maryland Senator, in recognition of his commitment and services in providing Medical, Psychiatric and Counseling in the Washington DC metro area.
On 26 May 2011 he received Maryland Governor's Citation in recognition of leadership in promoting business, trade and job growth in Maryland.
He has been recognized in House of Representatives Congressional Record on 6 September 2018 for his exceptional contributions to the international medicalcommunity.
Publications
Casanova, MF; Prasad, CM; Waldman, I; Illowsky, B; Stein, B; Weinberger, DR; Kleinman, JB (1990). "No difference in basal ganglia mineralization between schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients: A quantitative computerized tomographic study". Biological Psychiatry. 27 (2): 138–42. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(90)90643-g. PMID 2294977. S2CID 24301613.
Prasad, CM; Pardo, L; Rigor, BM; Dafny, N (1985). "Dose effects of halothane on sensory evoked responses obtained from the cortex, reticular formation and central gray". The International Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (1–2): 91–100. doi:10.3109/00207458509149138. PMID 4019066.
Tadepalli, AS; Prasad, CM (1982). "Depression of reflex vagal bradycardia by a central action of phentolamine in the spinal cat". Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie. 257 (1): 77–86. PMID 7114972.
Prasad, CM; Adamski, SW; Svensjö, E; Grega, GJ (1982). "Pharmacological modification of the edema produced by combined infusions of prostaglandin E1 and bradykinin in canine forelimbs". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 220 (2): 293–8. PMID 6173476.
Amelang, E; Prasad, CM; Raymond, RM; Grega, GJ (1981). "Interactions among inflammatory mediators on edema formation in the canine forelimb". Circulation Research. 49 (2): 298–306. doi:10.1161/01.res.49.2.298. PMID 7249267.
Prasad, CM; Nair, KG; Sheth, UK (1980). "Reversal of digoxin induced cardiac arrhythmias by nickel chloride". Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology. 27 (2): 405–8. PMID 7367757.
Prasad, CM; Shah, DS; Gulati, OD (1973). "Some factors affecting the neuron blocking action of guanethidine, xylocholine, bretylium and debrisoquin". Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 23 (6): 805–11. doi:10.1254/jjp.23.805. PMID 4544694.
References
External links
Aapiusa.org | given name | {
"answer_start": [
56
],
"text": [
"C."
]
} |
The 1977 season was the original Tampa Bay Rowdies third season of existence, and their third season in the North American Soccer League, the top division of soccer in the United States and Canada at that time.
Overview
The year would see the Rowdies host friendlies against teams from the Soviet Union, Italy and China. The team also took part in the preseason Tournament of Champions, finishing as runners-up. In the NASL season, the Rowdies finished with 131 points and a record of 14–12, which placed them third in the Eastern Division of the Atlantic Conference. The point total qualified them for the playoffs. They lost in the first round of the playoffs to the Cosmos, 3–0. For the second consecutive season Tampa Bay lost in the playoffs to the eventual champion. For the third consecutive season South African striker, Derek Smethurst lead the club in scoring with 19 goals.
Club
Roster
Team management
Eddie Firmani began the season as head coach, but abruptly resigned on June 3, a few days after a 4–2 victory over the Cosmos. The club’s record was 7–3 at the time. Team captain, Len Glover, who had been sidelined with an injury at the time, served as interim coach for one match, a loss to Rochester on June 5. Retired former Rowdies captain, John Boyle, was hired on June 9. Under Boyle the Rowdies record was 7–8, and though Tampa Bay made the playoffs, Boyle resigned to accept a position as the team’s permanent European scout after the season. For his part, Firmani re-immerged as the Cosmos coach (just as several of his former players had predicted in early June), and ultimately eliminated Tampa Bay, 3–0, in the first round of the 1977 playoffs.
George W. Strawbridge, Jr., owner
Beau Rodgers, general manager
Eddie Firmani, head coach (resigned June 3)
Len Glover, head coach (interim)
John Boyle, head coach (hired June 9)
Ken Shields, trainer
Francisco Marcos, public relations director
Alfredo Beronda, equipment manager
Honors
Four Rowdies received individual honors following the 1977 NASL season.
NASL All-Star, First Team: Derek Smethurst
NASL All-Star, Second Team: Arsène Auguste
NASL All-Star, Second Team: Rodney Marsh
NASL All-Star, Second Team: Steve Wegerle
Competitions
Tournament of Champions
The inaugural Tournament of Champions was a friendly two-day tournament hosted by the Cosmos at Giants Stadium on April 2 and 3. Four teams participated: the Cosmos, Tampa Bay, Toronto Metros-Croatia and Victory SC of Haiti. In the opening match the Rowdies and Metros-Croatia played to a scoreless draw, before Tampa Bay won using the NASL’s new shoot-out tiebreaker, 2–1. This put the Rowdies into the finals vs. the Cosmos the following day. The Rowdies lost the match, 2–1, and were runners-up. Their lone goal came from Wes McLeod with an assist by Farrukh Quraishi.
Series results
Other friendlies
Tampa Bay hosted three international friendlies in 1977. The first was a, 1–0, losing effort on March 5 versus FC Zenit Leningrad. A crowd of more than 41,000 attended the preseason match. The second international was midseason match-up versus A.S. Roma on June 14. They drew with the Italians, 1–1. Adrian Alston scored for the Rowdies on 30-yard free kick. The third was played on October 13, and pitted the Rowdies against the Chinese National Team. Boris Bandov scored for Tampa Bay in the, 2–1, loss.The Rowdies also played a postseason friendly versus the Dallas Tornado in Tulsa, Oklahoma five days after the match against China. The game was meant to serve as a test balloon to see if Tulsa would support soccer. Tampa Bay won, 1–0, on an early second half goal by Mark Lindsay. The game drew 11,147 fans. Team Hawaii owner and potato chip magnate, Ward Lay soon moved his club, redubbing them the Tulsa Roughnecks.
Results
North American Soccer League season
The Rowdies finished the regular season with 131 points placing them in 3rd place in the Eastern Division of the Atlantic Conference, and 7th out of 18 teams in the league overall. After a 7–3 start to the season, which put them at the top of the league standings, Tampa Bay limped home with a 7–9 record the rest of the way for a record of 14–12. The team’s midseason slump coincided exactly with Eddie Firmani’s abrupt resignation as head coach. The club averaged 19,491 fans per game, with three matches surpassing 21,000, one reaching 33,000 and still another topping 45,000.
Regular-season standings
W = Wins, L = Losses, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, BP = Bonus Points, Pts= point system
6 points for a win, 0 points for a loss, 1 point for each regulation goal scored up to three per game.
-League Premiers (most points). -Other playoff teams.
Regular season results
Playoff results
Statistics
Season scoring
GP = Games Played, G = Goals (worth 2 points), A = Assists (worth 1 point), Pts = Points
Season goalkeeping
Note: GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals against average; W = Wins; L = Losses
Player movement
In
Out
See also
1977 North American Soccer League season
1977 in American soccer
Tampa Bay Rowdies (1975–1993)
References
1977 Rowdies results | country | {
"answer_start": [
190
],
"text": [
"Canada"
]
} |
The 1977 season was the original Tampa Bay Rowdies third season of existence, and their third season in the North American Soccer League, the top division of soccer in the United States and Canada at that time.
Overview
The year would see the Rowdies host friendlies against teams from the Soviet Union, Italy and China. The team also took part in the preseason Tournament of Champions, finishing as runners-up. In the NASL season, the Rowdies finished with 131 points and a record of 14–12, which placed them third in the Eastern Division of the Atlantic Conference. The point total qualified them for the playoffs. They lost in the first round of the playoffs to the Cosmos, 3–0. For the second consecutive season Tampa Bay lost in the playoffs to the eventual champion. For the third consecutive season South African striker, Derek Smethurst lead the club in scoring with 19 goals.
Club
Roster
Team management
Eddie Firmani began the season as head coach, but abruptly resigned on June 3, a few days after a 4–2 victory over the Cosmos. The club’s record was 7–3 at the time. Team captain, Len Glover, who had been sidelined with an injury at the time, served as interim coach for one match, a loss to Rochester on June 5. Retired former Rowdies captain, John Boyle, was hired on June 9. Under Boyle the Rowdies record was 7–8, and though Tampa Bay made the playoffs, Boyle resigned to accept a position as the team’s permanent European scout after the season. For his part, Firmani re-immerged as the Cosmos coach (just as several of his former players had predicted in early June), and ultimately eliminated Tampa Bay, 3–0, in the first round of the 1977 playoffs.
George W. Strawbridge, Jr., owner
Beau Rodgers, general manager
Eddie Firmani, head coach (resigned June 3)
Len Glover, head coach (interim)
John Boyle, head coach (hired June 9)
Ken Shields, trainer
Francisco Marcos, public relations director
Alfredo Beronda, equipment manager
Honors
Four Rowdies received individual honors following the 1977 NASL season.
NASL All-Star, First Team: Derek Smethurst
NASL All-Star, Second Team: Arsène Auguste
NASL All-Star, Second Team: Rodney Marsh
NASL All-Star, Second Team: Steve Wegerle
Competitions
Tournament of Champions
The inaugural Tournament of Champions was a friendly two-day tournament hosted by the Cosmos at Giants Stadium on April 2 and 3. Four teams participated: the Cosmos, Tampa Bay, Toronto Metros-Croatia and Victory SC of Haiti. In the opening match the Rowdies and Metros-Croatia played to a scoreless draw, before Tampa Bay won using the NASL’s new shoot-out tiebreaker, 2–1. This put the Rowdies into the finals vs. the Cosmos the following day. The Rowdies lost the match, 2–1, and were runners-up. Their lone goal came from Wes McLeod with an assist by Farrukh Quraishi.
Series results
Other friendlies
Tampa Bay hosted three international friendlies in 1977. The first was a, 1–0, losing effort on March 5 versus FC Zenit Leningrad. A crowd of more than 41,000 attended the preseason match. The second international was midseason match-up versus A.S. Roma on June 14. They drew with the Italians, 1–1. Adrian Alston scored for the Rowdies on 30-yard free kick. The third was played on October 13, and pitted the Rowdies against the Chinese National Team. Boris Bandov scored for Tampa Bay in the, 2–1, loss.The Rowdies also played a postseason friendly versus the Dallas Tornado in Tulsa, Oklahoma five days after the match against China. The game was meant to serve as a test balloon to see if Tulsa would support soccer. Tampa Bay won, 1–0, on an early second half goal by Mark Lindsay. The game drew 11,147 fans. Team Hawaii owner and potato chip magnate, Ward Lay soon moved his club, redubbing them the Tulsa Roughnecks.
Results
North American Soccer League season
The Rowdies finished the regular season with 131 points placing them in 3rd place in the Eastern Division of the Atlantic Conference, and 7th out of 18 teams in the league overall. After a 7–3 start to the season, which put them at the top of the league standings, Tampa Bay limped home with a 7–9 record the rest of the way for a record of 14–12. The team’s midseason slump coincided exactly with Eddie Firmani’s abrupt resignation as head coach. The club averaged 19,491 fans per game, with three matches surpassing 21,000, one reaching 33,000 and still another topping 45,000.
Regular-season standings
W = Wins, L = Losses, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, BP = Bonus Points, Pts= point system
6 points for a win, 0 points for a loss, 1 point for each regulation goal scored up to three per game.
-League Premiers (most points). -Other playoff teams.
Regular season results
Playoff results
Statistics
Season scoring
GP = Games Played, G = Goals (worth 2 points), A = Assists (worth 1 point), Pts = Points
Season goalkeeping
Note: GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals against average; W = Wins; L = Losses
Player movement
In
Out
See also
1977 North American Soccer League season
1977 in American soccer
Tampa Bay Rowdies (1975–1993)
References
1977 Rowdies results | season of club or team | {
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33
],
"text": [
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The Saskatoon Wild Oats RFC is a Canadian rugby club based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The Wild Oats Rugby Club was founded in 1973. The club has won multiple provincial titles in the Saskatchewan Rugby Union. The Wild Oats Rugby Club also has a successful women's team.
Notable players
Canada
The following players have represented Canada at full international level.
Hubert Buydens
Nanyak Dala
Kayla Mack
External links
Official Website
Official Facebook Site
== References == | country | {
"answer_start": [
288
],
"text": [
"Canada"
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} |
William Lovell Hull was a Canadian Christian minister.
Hull was born to W. F. Hull and Annie Lovell. He was educated at Kelvin High School. He married Lillian Pachal of Winnipeg on 6 November 1916. After working in Winnipeg for some years, and being ordained to the ministry, he moved to Jerusalem in 1935 having received a "call from God" during a service at Zion Apostolic Church.
The Reverend Hull devoted the next twenty-seven years to missionary work in Jerusalem. In 1947, Hull significantly influenced Justice Ivan C. Rand (1884–1969), the Canadian member of the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine, to understand and positively support the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, which was among the factors in the creation of the State of Israel.
In 1962, Hull was the spiritual counselor to Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann during Eichmann's trial in Israel and following his conviction and death sentence. He attended Eichmann's execution. Hull returned to Canada later that year and wrote The Struggle for a Soul about his experiences with Eichmann.
The Reverend Hull retired to Simcoe, Ontario, Canada in 1963. He died September 1, 1992 and was interred with his wife, in Oakwood Cemetery, Simcoe.
Sources
https://es.findagrave.com/memorial/73951751/william-lovell-hull
http://www.kelvinhistory.org/Hall%20of%20Fame/?id=66
https://www.worldcat.org/title/struggle-for-a-soul/oclc/561109771
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000413898
https://www.jpost.com/premium/the-reverend-the-justice-and-the-mass-murderer
http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/hull_wl.shtml
https://www.cjpme.org/fs_173
http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,896195,00.html
https://www.thetelegram.com/opinion/local-perspectives/letter-balfour-declaration-no-cause-for-celebration-157861/
https://collections.vhec.org/Detail/objects/2362
Works
The Fall and Rise of Israel The Story of the Jewish People During the time of their Dispersal and Regathering, Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing Co., 1953
The Struggle for a Soul The Untold Story of a Minister's Final Effort to Convert Adolf Eichmann, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1963 | Find a Grave memorial ID | {
"answer_start": [
1271
],
"text": [
"73951751"
]
} |
William Lovell Hull was a Canadian Christian minister.
Hull was born to W. F. Hull and Annie Lovell. He was educated at Kelvin High School. He married Lillian Pachal of Winnipeg on 6 November 1916. After working in Winnipeg for some years, and being ordained to the ministry, he moved to Jerusalem in 1935 having received a "call from God" during a service at Zion Apostolic Church.
The Reverend Hull devoted the next twenty-seven years to missionary work in Jerusalem. In 1947, Hull significantly influenced Justice Ivan C. Rand (1884–1969), the Canadian member of the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine, to understand and positively support the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, which was among the factors in the creation of the State of Israel.
In 1962, Hull was the spiritual counselor to Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann during Eichmann's trial in Israel and following his conviction and death sentence. He attended Eichmann's execution. Hull returned to Canada later that year and wrote The Struggle for a Soul about his experiences with Eichmann.
The Reverend Hull retired to Simcoe, Ontario, Canada in 1963. He died September 1, 1992 and was interred with his wife, in Oakwood Cemetery, Simcoe.
Sources
https://es.findagrave.com/memorial/73951751/william-lovell-hull
http://www.kelvinhistory.org/Hall%20of%20Fame/?id=66
https://www.worldcat.org/title/struggle-for-a-soul/oclc/561109771
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000413898
https://www.jpost.com/premium/the-reverend-the-justice-and-the-mass-murderer
http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/hull_wl.shtml
https://www.cjpme.org/fs_173
http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,896195,00.html
https://www.thetelegram.com/opinion/local-perspectives/letter-balfour-declaration-no-cause-for-celebration-157861/
https://collections.vhec.org/Detail/objects/2362
Works
The Fall and Rise of Israel The Story of the Jewish People During the time of their Dispersal and Regathering, Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing Co., 1953
The Struggle for a Soul The Untold Story of a Minister's Final Effort to Convert Adolf Eichmann, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1963 | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
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The Ingá River is a river of Paraíba state in northeastern Brazil.
See also
List of rivers of Paraíba
References
Brazilian Ministry of Transport | country | {
"answer_start": [
59
],
"text": [
"Brazil"
]
} |
The Ingá River is a river of Paraíba state in northeastern Brazil.
See also
List of rivers of Paraíba
References
Brazilian Ministry of Transport | instance of | {
"answer_start": [
20
],
"text": [
"river"
]
} |
The Ingá River is a river of Paraíba state in northeastern Brazil.
See also
List of rivers of Paraíba
References
Brazilian Ministry of Transport | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"Paraíba"
]
} |
Tolidostena fusei is a beetle in the genus Tolidostena of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Tokeji.
== References == | parent taxon | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Tolidostena"
]
} |
Tolidostena fusei is a beetle in the genus Tolidostena of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Tokeji.
== References == | taxon name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Tolidostena fusei"
]
} |
Vyšné Nemecké (Hungarian: Felsőnémeti, Ukrainian: Ви́шнє Німе́цьке) is a small village in the Sobrance District, Košice Region, right on the Slovak side of the main international road border with Ukraine, opposite the city of Uzhhorod. As of 2011 it had 245 inhabitants.
References
External links
http://en.e-obce.sk/obec/vysnenemecke/vysne-nemecke.html
http://www.vysnenemecke.sk | located in the administrative territorial entity | {
"answer_start": [
94
],
"text": [
"Sobrance District"
]
} |
Vyšné Nemecké (Hungarian: Felsőnémeti, Ukrainian: Ви́шнє Німе́цьке) is a small village in the Sobrance District, Košice Region, right on the Slovak side of the main international road border with Ukraine, opposite the city of Uzhhorod. As of 2011 it had 245 inhabitants.
References
External links
http://en.e-obce.sk/obec/vysnenemecke/vysne-nemecke.html
http://www.vysnenemecke.sk | Commons category | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Vyšné Nemecké"
]
} |
Vyšné Nemecké (Hungarian: Felsőnémeti, Ukrainian: Ви́шнє Німе́цьке) is a small village in the Sobrance District, Košice Region, right on the Slovak side of the main international road border with Ukraine, opposite the city of Uzhhorod. As of 2011 it had 245 inhabitants.
References
External links
http://en.e-obce.sk/obec/vysnenemecke/vysne-nemecke.html
http://www.vysnenemecke.sk | official name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Vyšné Nemecké"
]
} |
Vyšné Nemecké (Hungarian: Felsőnémeti, Ukrainian: Ви́шнє Німе́цьке) is a small village in the Sobrance District, Košice Region, right on the Slovak side of the main international road border with Ukraine, opposite the city of Uzhhorod. As of 2011 it had 245 inhabitants.
References
External links
http://en.e-obce.sk/obec/vysnenemecke/vysne-nemecke.html
http://www.vysnenemecke.sk | native label | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Vyšné Nemecké"
]
} |
Kim Brown may refer to:
Kim Brown (The Unit), a fictional character on the CBS television series The Unit
Kim Brown (musician) (1945–2011), British-born Finland-based musician with The Renegades
Kimberly J. Brown (born 1984), American actress | country of citizenship | {
"answer_start": [
154
],
"text": [
"Finland"
]
} |
Kim Brown may refer to:
Kim Brown (The Unit), a fictional character on the CBS television series The Unit
Kim Brown (musician) (1945–2011), British-born Finland-based musician with The Renegades
Kimberly J. Brown (born 1984), American actress | member of | {
"answer_start": [
182
],
"text": [
"The Renegades"
]
} |
Kim Brown may refer to:
Kim Brown (The Unit), a fictional character on the CBS television series The Unit
Kim Brown (musician) (1945–2011), British-born Finland-based musician with The Renegades
Kimberly J. Brown (born 1984), American actress | residence | {
"answer_start": [
154
],
"text": [
"Finland"
]
} |
Kim Brown may refer to:
Kim Brown (The Unit), a fictional character on the CBS television series The Unit
Kim Brown (musician) (1945–2011), British-born Finland-based musician with The Renegades
Kimberly J. Brown (born 1984), American actress | family name | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Brown"
]
} |
Kim Brown may refer to:
Kim Brown (The Unit), a fictional character on the CBS television series The Unit
Kim Brown (musician) (1945–2011), British-born Finland-based musician with The Renegades
Kimberly J. Brown (born 1984), American actress | given name | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Kim"
]
} |
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