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Fat cell invasion in long-term denervated skeletal muscle. There are several differences between red and white muscles submitted to different experimental conditions, especially following denervation: a) denervation atrophy is more pronounced in red than white muscles; b) the size of the fibers in the red muscles does not vary between different parts of the muscle before and after denervation, when compared to white muscles; c) the regional difference in the white muscles initially more pronounced after denervation than red muscle; d) red muscle fibers and fibers of the deep white muscle present degenerative changes such as disordered myofibrils and sarcolemmal folds after long-term denervation; e) myotube-like fibers with central nuclei occur in the red muscle more rapidly than white after denervation. Denervation of skeletal muscles causes, in addition to fibers atrophy, loss of fibers with subsequent regeneration, but the extent of fat cell percentage invasion is currently unknown. The present article describes a quantitative study on fat cell invasion percentage in red m. soleus and white m. extensor digitorum longus (EDL) rat muscles at 7 weeks for up to 32 weeks postdenervation. The results indicate that the percentage of fat cells increase after denervation and it is steeper than the age-related fat invasion in normal muscles. The fat percentage invasion is more pronounced in red compared with white muscle. All experimental groups present a statistically significant difference as regard fat cell percentage invasion.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Q: Create folder and make ES File Explorer add icon of my app I want to associate folder with my application, like WhatsApp and Viber does. I tried to create folder File folder = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/MyAppName"); folder.mkdir(); But that MyAppName folder is not associated with my app and ES File Explorer can't recognize "what app created the folder?", I want ES File Explorer add the icon of my app to the folder. What is the way that some apps use for create folders and let ES File Explorer recognize the folders? A: All folders on Android are normal folders, ES File Explorer not uses any recognition system, people associates folders and every association is sent to ES File Explorer's database and majority of associations wins and finnaly folder is assigned with icon.	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
The early life of Charles Darwin in Shrewsbury, England; the death of his mother and his early interests; attending Edinburgh University to study medicine; a lack of interest in a medical career gives the young Charles plenty of time to explore the natural world; Darwin’s first scientific discoveries and his friendship with Robert Grant; membership of the Plinian Society; frienship with a freed black slave and learning taxidermy skills. The composition of Jupiter including its core, three layers of hydrogen and lower armosphere; an explanation of metallic hydrogen and helium rain; how the lower atmosphere is made up of three different cloud layers; an explanation of the planet’s high pressure zones and low pressure belts; primordial heat inside Jupiter and the extensive jovian magnetic field; auroras, rings and weather on Jupiter. In this science article we examine Venus; how its atmosphere was similar to Earth’s 4 billion years ago; features of its atmosphere including its huge atmospheric pressure and sweltering heat; features of the planetary surface including continents, shield volcanoes, impact craters, mountains, lava flows and ‘pancake domes'; the planet’s magnetic field and how it differs from Earth’s magnetic field An explanation of the pollination, seed dispersal by water and gravity, germination and growth of the common coconut or Cocos nucifera; how people use the common coconut and reasons for its amazingly wide dispersal; how the coconut fruit is actually a ‘dry drupe’ and has some things in common with peaches and other fleshy fruits; how the male and female flowers develop inside a sheathe. A description of planet Mercury including its slow rotation around its axis and short orbit around the Sun. An explanation of the planet’s atmosphere, elliptical orbit, magnetic field and the apparent motion of the Sun across the mercurian sky; a description of long mercurian nights and days. The main features of the planetary surface are explained which include some impact craters and impact basins. Reasons why our hunter gatherer ancestors originally evolved a sense of taste; the five senses of taste explained; how our taste receptors are housed in our taste buds; a description of what taste buds are and how our taste receptors work; the four different types of papillae and where they are located on our tongues; the taste buds of some other organisms including catfish, cows, ducks and cats. Reasons for the evolution of eyesight during the period known as the Cambrian explosion; how the evolution of eyesight resulted in organisms becoming either prey or predators. An explanation of how eyesight evolved through eight simple steps; recessed light sensitive cells, the pin hole eye including a description of the eye of the nautilus mollusc; the spherical lens with greater refractive powers. The conditions required for nuclear fusion to occur in the core of the Sun; the requirements for extreme pressure, extreme heat and the presence of hydrogen. How the process of nuclear fusion takes place; the state of plasma that exists in the core of the Sun and how protons fuse together to produce helium atoms; the state of hydrostatic equilibrium; the Sun as it will be in 4.5 billion years time. The evolution, growth, pollination and seed dispersal of the Coco de Mer palm tree; how the Coco de Mer evolved over millions of years in the tropical rainforests of the Seychelles; discovery of the palm tree; the unusual way in which the Coco de Mer nut germinates; how nuts become infertile and how they reach the Maldives on ocean currents; the evolutionary pressures to grow bigger and bigger seeds. This science blog examines the differences between constrictor snakes and venomous snakes; how the two different types of snake kill their prey in different ways. Using Homer as an example, we explore negative reactions to snakes and try to counter these negative reactions. We looks at some reasons why snakes have a place in any eco system and what would happen if there were fewer snakes. A practical science resource for use in school classrooms, homeschooling, homework projects and by learners of English as a foreign language. Suitable for students of school age and for adult learners of English as a foreign language. Great for interactive whiteboards and teacher led discussions. Also improves literacy skills! All articles written by an educator teaching in England.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
visiting accept: aVisitor aVisitor visitTask: self	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
<?php /** * This file is part of the Nette Framework (https://nette.org) * Copyright (c) 2004 David Grudl (https://davidgrudl.com) / declare(strict_types=1); namespace Nette; if (false) { /* @deprecated use Nette\Bootstrap\Configurator */ class Configurator { } } elseif (!class_exists(Configurator::class)) { class_alias(Bootstrap\Configurator::class, Configurator::class); }	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
Sunday, September 30, 2007 Demolition Update I'm back from the old mall and the eastern wing is gone! The mall now exists as it did when it was first built in 1968. I had the great fortune today of speaking with the gentleman who is overseeing the demolition and he shared with my father and I a ton of information about the site and process of taking it apart. He told us that his is a first demolition he and his firm have done, which is pretty cool considering the scope of this job. I noticed a few things today. Looking through the south entrance of the old Hecht Co. building, you can see directly into the mall and the bench and planters outside of the interior entrance are still there! Also, the risers around the center court fountain also appear to still be standing. Hopefully by next weekend I will have a nice addition to my photo collection, but more on that later.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Biorhythms and possible central regulation of magnesium status, phototherapy, darkness therapy and chronopathological forms of magnesium depletion. Biological clock and magnesium status are linked. Central magnesium regulation may be hypothetized. Balanced magnesium status is requested to obtain efficiency of suprachiasmatic nuclei and of pineal gland. Conventional bright light therapy appears as a speedy and efficient antidepressant medication useful for the treatment of various types of depression, and of non migrainous headaches also. Although decrease in melatonin production seems accessory, increases of serotonergy and perhaps of Reactive Oxygen Species constitute the main mechanisms of action. Chromatotherapy emphazizes the effects of short exposure to specific colors. Although the increased production of melatonin constitutes the best marker of darkness, it is only an accessory mechanism of its action. The psycholeptic sedative effects of darkness, like those of magnesium, rely on direct membraneous and oxidant actions, neural mediated effects (i.e. stimulation of inhibitory neuromodulators such as GABA and taurine), and on antagonism of neuroactive gases (CO and NO). Darkness therapyper se, partial substitutive therapy with melatonin and with their mimicking agents (Mg, L-Tryptophan,Taurine) apply to all the chronopathological forms of magnesium depletion with decreased production of melatonin: sleep disorders, migraine, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, some forms of asthma and of sudden infant death syndrome. Further research should assess the importance of the chronopathological forms of magnesium depletion in the physiopathology of these disorders.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Long hours at work increases risk of heart attacks People who regularly work 10- to 12-hour days increase their risk of a heart attack by two-thirds, research has found. The findings, published in the European Heart Journal, also showed those who work three to four hours’ overtime a day run a 60% higher risk of heart attack. According to researchers, the increased risk may be caused by workers having less time to rest and relax. Or it may be due to the greater stress associated with working longer hours. Employees who regularly work overtime are also less likely to take time off, even when ill, the BBC has reported. Dr John Challenor, of the Society of Occupational Medicine, said: “In many ways, it confirms what we as occupational health doctors already know – that work-life balance plays a vital role in wellbeing. Employers and patients need to be aware of all the risk factors for coronary heart disease and should consider overtime as one factor that may lead to a number of medical conditions.”	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Sleeping money: investigating the huge surpluses of social health insurance in China. The spreading of social health insurance (SHI) worldwide poses challenges for fledging public administrators. Inefficiency, misuse and even corruption threaten the stewardship of those newly established health funds. This article examines a tricky situation faced by China's largest SHI program: the basic health insurance (BHI) scheme for urban employees. BHI accumulated a 406 billion yuan surplus by 2009, although the reimbursement level was still low. Using a provincial level panel database, we find that the huge BHI surpluses are related to the (temporarily) decreasing dependency ratio, the steady growth of average wages, the extension of BHI coverage, and progress in social insurance agency building. The financial situations of local governments and risk pooling level also matter. Besides, medical savings accounts result in about one third of BHI surpluses. Although these findings are not causal, lessons drawn from this study can help to improve the governance and performance of SHI programs in developing countries.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Swim with the Dolphins Cruise Quote & Book Swimming with dolphins in the warm waters of The Bay of Islands is truly a once in a lifetime opportunity! View marine mammals and swim with wild dolphins, onboard Explore NZ's purpose built 14.6 metre catamaran, Discovery III. In the Bay of Islands Maritime Park you will encounter both bottlenose and common dolphin. You also see a variety of whale species including: Orca (killer whales), Brydes, Pilot, Minke, Sei, Humpback, and very rarely the Blue Whale. You also encounter blue penguins, gannets, various sea birds and the New Zealand fur seal. A short briefing is given before a swim takes place when passengers are given the option of wetsuits & snorkelling gear and instructed on how to behave while interacting with the dolphins. Experience this unique opportunity of swimming with dolphins in The Bay of Islands on your next New Zealand holiday. Additional Info Please note: There is no guarantee of swimming with dolphins. Explore Group Limited operates with a Department of Conservation permit however, for the protection of Dolphins and other marine mammals, interaction with them is governed by the Marine Mammal Protection Act. If the conditions of the Act are not met or the sea conditions are not safe then some trips will be viewing only. If dolphins or whales are not seen, a non-transferable voucher will be given to come again for free, this is not a money back offer.Please bring: swimming gear, sunscreen and a cameraChildren: Aged 5-15 years are at the child rate. Children 0-4 are not catered for.Operated By: Explore Group Limited - Dolpin Discoveries	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
With a week-and-a-half to go until the Iowa caucuses, former Democratic presidential candidate Marianne Williamson says she’s supporting tech entrepreneur Andrew Yang in the contest that kicks off the presidential nominating calendar. "I'm lending my support to Andrew in Iowa, hopefully to help him get past the early primaries & remind us not to take ourselves too seriously. We need that this year. We need to lighten up on a personal level, because the moment is so serious on a political level," Williamson announced in a series of Instagram posts. But the best-selling spiritual author made it clear that she’s not officially “endorsing anyone” in the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination race at this time and is just supporting Yang through Iowa’s Feb. 3 caucuses. "I am not endorsing anyone at this time. I support all the progressive candidates," she emphasized in a statement to Fox News. Williamson went on to say that she will appear with Yang in the first caucus state "because I know the institutional obstructions to his candidacy and I want to see him continue in the race past Iowa." On Instagram, she also touted Sens. Bernie Sanders of Vermont and Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts – saying that she admires both of the progressive standard-bearers in the nomination race. But she said that unlike Yang, “right now they don’t need my help.” WILLIAMSON DROPS OUT OF DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL RACE But she highlighted that "Andrew’s personality is like a tuning fork realigning us with something we need to retrieve, taking us back to a more innocent time, making us remember to chuckle." Yang took to Twitter to thank Williamson, writing that he has “learned a lot from Marianne and continue to do so. She answers questions that many of us haven’t even thought to ask. Very grateful for her friendship and support in this important time.” Yang, once the longest of longs-shots for the nomination, soared to middle-tier status last year in the polls and in campaign fundraising, thanks in part to his push for a universal basic income that would pay all adult Americans $1,000 per month. Williamson, who faced an extreme uphill climb to win the nomination, preached the politics of love and proposed creating a Department of Peace. She dropped her bid for the White House earlier this month.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a digital broadcasting system, and more particularly to a digital broadcasting system and a data processing method. 2. Discussion of the Related Art The Vestigial Sideband (VSB) transmission mode, which is adopted as the standard for digital broadcasting in North America and the Republic of Korea, is a system using a single carrier method. Therefore, the receiving performance of the digital broadcast receiving system may be deteriorated in a poor channel environment. Particularly, since resistance to changes in channels and noise is more highly required when using portable and/or mobile broadcast receivers, the receiving performance may be even more deteriorated when transmitting mobile service data by the VSB transmission mode.	{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the storage and retrieval of data on magnetic tape, and more particularly, to a tape drive for automatic insertion, registration and ejection of a tape cartridge of the type having dual hub driven reels and a tape access door on a forward end which pivots about an axis perpendicular to a rigid mount plate of the cartridge. 2. Description of the Related Art Magnetic tape has long been used as a storage media for audio, video and computer information. Tape cartridges have been used extensively because they provide a convenient way to house and support a length of magnetic tape for engagement by a transducer in a tape drive while protecting the tape upon removal of the cartridge. Tape cartridges with dual reels are widely used because they eliminate the need to thread a leader outside the cartridge or utilize an endless loop single reel arrangement. Examples of dual reel tape cartridges that have been extensively commercialized are the Phillips cassette used for audio recording, the VHS cassette used for video recording, and the DC600 data cartridge used for back-up storage of computer data files stored on hard disk drives. The latter data cartridge is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,692,255 of Von Behren assigned to Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Corporation. An improved magnetic tape cartridge particularly well suited for high capacity computer data storage is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,294,072 of Don G. East, et al. assigned to International Business Machines Corporation. That cartridge includes dual hub driven reels which lock upon disengagement with drive clutch assemblies and a pivoting tape access door with a pseudo-head for improved tape tension control. This eliminates the need to fully rewind the tape before reading or writing data which delays access to data with cartridges such as those embodying the invention of the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,692,255. It would be desirable to provide a tape drive that utilizes the improved magnetic tape cartridge of the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,294,072. Preferably such a tape drive should include an automatic loader mechanism for fast and reliable insertion, registration and ejection of the improved magnetic tape cartridge. The loader mechanism must also be capable of opening the tape access door and registering a transducer with the tape. It is critical that the loader mechanism accurately register the tape cartridge at unique datum locations to provide repeatability in reading and writing multi-track data recorded at high densities and to enable exchange of data between different drives. The automatic loader mechanism must not be unduly complex in order to minimize failures and reduce manufacturing costs. It must also preferably be small enough to fit within the industry standard and five and one-quarter inch form factor for peripheral storage devices. No prior art tape drive has heretofore been developed with a cartridge loader mechanism adapted to achieve these objectives with the improved magnetic tape cartridge of the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,294,072.	{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }
/****************************************************************************** * most_balanced_minimum_cuts.h * * * Source of KaHIP -- Karlsruhe High Quality Partitioning. * Christian Schulz <christian.schulz.phone@gmail.com> ****************************************************************************/ #ifndef MOST_BALANCED_MINIMUM_CUTS_SBD5CS #define MOST_BALANCED_MINIMUM_CUTS_SBD5CS #include "data_structure/graph_access.h" #include "partition_config.h" class most_balanced_minimum_cuts { public: most_balanced_minimum_cuts(); virtual ~most_balanced_minimum_cuts(); void compute_good_balanced_min_cut( graph_access & residualGraph, const PartitionConfig & config, NodeWeight & perfect_rhs_weight, std::vector< NodeID > & new_rhs_node ); private: void build_internal_scc_graph( graph_access & residualGraph, std::vector<int> & components, int comp_count, graph_access & scc_graph); void compute_new_rhs( graph_access & scc_graph, const PartitionConfig & config, std::vector< NodeWeight > & comp_weights, int comp_of_s, int comp_of_t, NodeWeight optimal_rhs_weight, std::vector<int> & comp_for_rhs); }; #endif / end of include guard: MOST_BALANCED_MINIMUM_CUTS_SBD5CS */	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
Q: PHP/MySQL Insert into Database not working I tried everything I could to fix the link of code but everything I tried gave me a white screen I know that this line of code is the only code is the only one that has a syntax error and the rest of the code is 100% fine. I am trying to insert name, email, password from a Form using $_POST and with md5 hashing for the password. $link = connect to mySQL Database $query="INSERT INTO 'users' ('name', 'email', 'password') VALUES( '".mysqli_real_escape_string($link, $_POST['name'])"', '".mysqli_real_escape_string($link, $_POST['email'])."', '".md5(md5($_POST['email']).$_POST['password'])."')"; A: Why don't you make it simple instead? Something like: $name = mysqli_real_escape_string($link, $_POST['name']); $mail = mysqli_real_escape_string($link, $_POST['email']); $pass = md5(md5($_POST['email']).$_POST['password']); $query="INSERT INTO `users` (`name`, `email`, `password`) VALUES('$name','$mail', '$pass')";	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Q: Using find command but getting the error "paths must precede expression" I'm trying to use the find command, but get "paths must exceed expression:name" I've looked at the answers given here previously and added quotes around my expression, but it still is giving me the same error. My $SUB path is /home/year/sessions/subjects/MRI find $SUB $ -name 'first.tgz' -o name 'second.tgz' $ -exec cp {} ./$SUBJECT1 \; Is my path-to-file incorrect? Thanks in advance A: The correct command is: find $SUB $ -name 'first.tgz' -o -name 'second.tgz' $ -exec cp {} ./$SUBJECT1 \;	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Biologically active proteins including those as therapeutics are typically labile molecules exhibiting short shelf-lives, particularly when formulated in aqueous solutions. In addition, many biologically active peptides and proteins have limited solubility, or become aggregated during recombinant productions, requiring complex solubilization and refolding procedures. Various chemical polymers can be attached to such proteins to modify their properties. Of particular interest are hydrophilic polymers that have flexible conformations and are well hydrated in aqueous solutions. A frequently used polymer is polyethylene glycol (PEG). These polymers tend to have large hydrodynamic radii relative to their molecular weight (Kubetzko, S., et al. (2005) Mol Pharmacol, 68: 1439-54), and can result in enhanced pharmacokinetic properties. Depending on the points of attachment, the polymers tend to have limited interactions with the protein that they have been attached to such that the polymer-modified protein retains its relevant functions. However, the chemical conjugation of polymers to proteins requires complex multi-step processes. Typically, the protein component needs to be produced and purified prior to the chemical conjugation step. In addition, the conjugation step can result in the formation of heterogeneous product mixtures that need to be separated, leading to significant product loss. Alternatively, such mixtures can be used as the final pharmaceutical product, but are difficult to standardize. Some examples are currently marketed PEGylated Interferon-alpha products that are used as mixtures (Wang, B. L., et al. (1998) J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol, 30: 503-9; Dhalluin, C., et al. (2005) Bioconjug Chem, 16: 504-17). Such mixtures are difficult to reproducibly manufacture and characterize as they contain isomers with reduced or no therapeutic activity. Albumin and immunoglobulin fragments such as Fc regions have been used to conjugate other biologically active proteins, with unpredictable outcomes with respect to increases in half-life or immunogenicity. Unfortunately, the Fc domain does not fold efficiently during recombinant expression and tends to form insoluble precipitates known as inclusion bodies. These inclusion bodies must be solubilized and functional protein must be renatured. This is a time-consuming, inefficient, and expensive process that requires additional manufacturing steps and often complex purification procedures. Thus, there remains a significant need for compositions and methods that would improve the biological, pharmacological, safety, and/or pharmaceutical properties of a biologically active protein.	{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }
All Saints Church, Leigh All Saints Church was built around 1250 at Leigh, north Wiltshire, England, and was originally on a site half a mile to the north of its current location. In 1896, the nave, porch and bell tower were moved from their original location and a new church was built. The chancel and the east gable of the old nave remain in the old churchyard as All Saints Chancel. Moving the church, 1896 By the early 1890s, the church had fallen into significant disrepair and the path leading to it was so wet that during winter it was practically inaccessible. The architect C.E. Ponting urged that the church should be restored and the approach improved. However, the Archdeacon of Bristol, Hemming Robeson, reported that it was "quite impossible to repair the church on its present site and at the same time secure its practical utility. I myself suggested...to rebuild the nave as far as possible, stone for stone, in a more convenient position." This bold course was adopted. Mr. Charles T. Stevens offered to give a site and authorisation was obtained to take down and re-erect the nave, porch and tower at a cost not to exceed 1300 pounds. This was accomplished by carefully marking each stone and each piece of timber to correspond with drawings which had been made to ensure their correct positions and transporting them by hand to be rebuilt at the current site. The porch The porch was built in the late fourteenth century and the original roof, the door with its handmade nails and a niche with a pedestal for a figure can all still be seen. Also, probably a stoup for holy water. The nave The walls of the nave are thirteenth century but the massive wooden beams of the roof were unique to a Parish Church with a gothic character. The principle trusses of the roof are of collar form with the moulded braces pierced with openings of quatrefoil shape. Everywhere on the beams and bosses in the main part of the nave are carved heads and figures of Jacobean detail. At the East end of the nave, the roof has an oak boarded and panelled ceiling which probably dates back to the fifteenth century and was re-fixed in 1638 when the whole roof was re-built. The bosses are extremely rich and delicate in detail. Standing beneath this ceiling and looking west down the Nave, the text that can be seen on the lower part of the bell tower reads: Colossians Chap III, Vers 16; Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom; teaching and admonishing one another in psalms and hymns, singing with grace in your hearts to the Lord. The inscriptions Moving the church to a more accessible site is commemorated by inscriptions carved on the south wood moulding: Rebuilt here 1896 M.J. Milling Vicar. E. Manners R. Bolton Ch. Wardens. C.E. Ponting Architect. W. Light and J. Smith Builders. On one of the south purlins: I.T. I.L. C.W. 1783 On the collar of the east truss is carved the commemoration: John Waldron and John Painter Chappel Wardens 1717 and 18. John Flux Painter. The present roof was built in 1638 and this is recorded by a carving in the North side wood moulding: W.T. T.W. H.N. Carpenters (with a fleur de lys between each initial) continuing: Blanchadin Wake: John Waldron Church Wardens 1638. Other features There is an eighteenth-century pulpit and sounding board. The windows are fourteenth and fifteenth century and in one window in the north side of the nave a fragment of the original glass can be seen. Some of the pews near the pulpit are thought to be seventeenth century. Near the door is the font, with its history recorded on a brass plate at the base of the stem. The Rev. M.J. Milling discovered the font being used as a cheese press at an inn in Ashton Keynes and was told that it had previously been used as a cattle trough. Presumably it had been removed from the church and deliberately desecrated at the time of the Parliamentary Commonwealth when infant baptism was forbidden. In 1897, the stem was discovered forming the base of the north-east post of the tower and the whole font was restored to its proper use. The font ewer was given in memory of D.A. Bird, G. Price, V. Ody, and R. Godwin, who gave their lives in World War II 1939-1945. The chalice is dated 1596, in the reign of Elizabeth I, and the George I silver paten by Thomas Teasle was made in 1723. There was also a pewter flagon and plate for bringing the wine and bread to the altar. The flagon is inscribed "Richard Selby and John Tucker / Chapel Wardens 1776". The bells There are three bells. The largest is inscribed "Henry Neale Made Mee: 1627 GH:ESQVYER:EH:". The middle bell is inscribed "Ave Maria: Gracia Plena" and although no date is inscribed it is thought to have been made in Bristol about 1450. The third bell is inscribed "John Parker & John Waldron Ch. Wardens A R 1729". The chancel All Saints Chancel (the original church) is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is a redundant church in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. It was declared redundant on 1 February 1977, and was vested in the Trust on 24 October 1978. The chancel is entered through a finely moulded thirteenth century doorway which has a hood-mould resting on a human head and a beast's head. Inside, on the South wall there is a late thirteenth century window having three stepped lancet lights under one arch. On the wall of the chancel are 17th-century texts painted on the walls and framed in designs of clouds and scrolls. The inside sill is carried down a sedilia and in the east jamb there is a piscina for washing communion vessels. In 1983 the texts were re-lettered in their original style and we can see the similarity to the decoration of the Colossians text in the Church. See also List of churches preserved by the Churches Conservation Trust in South West England References External links Category:Church of England church buildings in Wiltshire Category:14th-century church buildings in England Category:Grade II* listed churches in Wiltshire	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Charlie West Charlie West (born August 31, 1946 in Big Spring, Texas) is a former safety who played for three National Football League teams. He played in Super Bowl IV as a member of the Minnesota Vikings. He also still holds the UTEP career record of 19 interceptions, including a school record four in one game. Today, he presently lives near New York City and coaches the Carmel High School football team in New York serving as the defensive coordinator. Charlie West returned kicks and punts for the Minnesota Vikings, and still holds the team's record for longest punt return. On November 3, 1968, playing the Washington Redskins, West returned a Mike Bragg punt 98 yards for a touchdown. References UTEP vs. NMSU rivalry: Players on both sides hold fast to vivid memories Category:1946 births Category:Living people Category:People from Big Spring, Texas Category:American football defensive backs Category:UTEP Miners football players Category:Minnesota Vikings players Category:Detroit Lions players Category:Denver Broncos players Category:New England Patriots coaches	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jeju International Airport is crowded with tourists. Jeju residents are protesting the government's project to build a new airport, saying the overwhelming number of tourists are already causing too many problems on the island. / Yonhap Residents complain about excessive No. of visitors, oppose new airport By Jung Min-ho Every year, about 15 million tourists visit Jeju Island, home to only 660,000 people. Over the past decade, the island has turned into Korea's tourism hub with many luxury hotels and resorts, thanks to an increasing number of visitors from overseas and other parts of the country. But the island's commercial success has come at a steep cost. An overwhelming amount of garbage and noise has become a part of Jeju life. Traffic jams have become more common. Jeju's underground water has recently been found to be "in danger of being exhausted." Now, the government is planning to build a new airport in southern Jeju, which it thinks will triple the number of tourists to 45 million by 2035. Since the government announced the plan two years ago, thousands of Jeju residents have opposed it, saying their island is already suffering from an overwhelming number of tourists and more visitors will destroy the beauty that attracted them in the first place. "We are opposed to the plan for the future of Jeju Island, which is now at stake," Kang Won-bo, director of the protesters' group, told The Korea Times. "Its once-pristine environment has been seriously damaged after it became popular with outsiders. There is more trash and traffic jams." "In addition to such obvious harm, Jeju residents have to deal with the stress from many people and noise, which is everywhere. Many miss how it used to be." According to Kang, many Jeju residents were "glad" when the Chinese government banned the sale of group tour packages to Korea last year following the deployment of a U.S. anti-missile system here. Over the past few months, protesters' have raised their voices against the airport plan, holding rallies across the island and in Seoul. Faced with the fierce opposition, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport suspended the plan and said it will reexamine Jeju's Seogwipo to determine whether the city is a proper site for airport construction. One of the biggest misconceptions about Jeju's tourism boom is that it earns Jeju residents a lot of money, Kang said. "Many commercial facilities on the island are owned by foreigners or major companies. They make a lot of money, while many of Jeju's small business owners make only a fraction of the money tourists spend here," he said. For example, many Chinese tourists, which account for 80 percent of all foreign visitors to Jeju, come to the island in groups through Chinese travel agencies and eat in the restaurants owned by Chinese residents. "Jeju natives complain that they have been forced out of businesses because of foreigners and major hotel chains. Meanwhile, they all share the cost of mass tourism. I think that's unfair," Kang said. Protesters have also accused the ministry of failing to communicate with them from the beginning. The ministry denied the allegation, saying it collected their opinions and communicated with them through several briefing sessions before the project announcement. The ministry also said Jeju International Airport is already too crowded and, as demand will continue to increase, safety risks will rise too. According to estimates, the number of current users is 30 million, which is 4 million more than it was designed to handle. "Due to an increasing number of aircraft at the airport, a plane crash could have happened Sept. 29," the ministry said. "To ensure safety and convenience for users, building another airport is essential." The ministry said it is open to dialogue with Jeju residents. But if the opposition continues even after objective examinations and discussions, the ministry said it will take the issue to court. When it comes to the issue of mass tourism, Jeju is hardly alone. Around the world, famous places such as Venice and Barcelona are also suffering from a massive influx of visitors.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Q: pandas remove records conditionally based on records count of groups I have a dataframe like this import pandas as pd import numpy as np raw_data = {'Country':['UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK','UK'], 'Product':['A','A','A','A','B','B','B','B','B','B','B','B','C','C','C','D','D','D','D','D','D'], 'Week': [1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,1,2,3,4,5,6], 'val': [5,4,3,1,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,5,5,5,5,6,7,8,9,10] } df2 = pd.DataFrame(raw_data, columns = ['Country','Product','Week', 'val']) print(df2) and mapping dataframe mapping = pd.DataFrame({'Product':['A','C'],'Product1':['B','D']}, columns = ['Product','Product1']) and i wanted to compare products as per mapping. product A data should match with product B data.. the logic is product A number of records is 4 so product B records also should be 4 and those 4 records should be from the week number before and after form last week number of product A and including the last week number. so before 1 week of week number 4 i.e. 3rd week and after 2 weeks of week number 4 i.e 5,6 and week 4 data. similarly product C number of records is 3 so product D records also should be 3 and those records before and after last week number of product C. so product c last week number 3 so product D records will be week number 2,3,4. wanted data frame will be like below i wanted to remove those yellow records A: Define the following function selecting rows from df, for products from the current row in mapping: def selRows(row, df): rows_1 = df[df.Product == row.Product] nr_1 = rows_1.index.size lastWk_1 = rows_1.Week.iat[-1] rows_2 = df[df.Product.eq(row.Product1) & df.Week.ge(lastWk_1 - 1)].iloc[:nr_1] return pd.concat([rows_1, rows_2]) Then call it the following way: result = pd.concat([ selRows(row, grp) for _, grp in df2.groupby(['Country']) for _, row in mapping.iterrows() ]) The list comprehension above creates a list on DataFrames - results of calls of selRows on: each group of rows from df2, for consecutive countries (the outer loop), each row from mapping (the inner loop). Then concat concatenates all of them into a single DataFrame.	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
5 Things I Like About Street Fighter V!! It goes without saying, E3 was an amazing week of surprises but what really kept my attention for the remainder of the event was the hands on game play that I witnessed for the upcoming current gen brawler Street Fighter V. It was apparent that no other fighting game dare show their faces at the E3 convention center on opening day! Despite being eager to see what other developers had to offer on the fighting game front, the message was clear, big daddy was in the house. With 3 days of Street Fighter V exhibitions that showcased some of the worlds best players discovering what the latest saga in the Street Fighter series had to offer, I came away with an amazing appreciation for what looks to be a game that I will be spending a great deal of time with between this and next year. So, what exactly has me so excited about this title that I’m already giving it praises before I’ve even had a chance to get my hands on the game?! Well…let me count the ways. 1. A Stun Bar Sounds crazy, I know, but for the first time in my fighting game experience, I’ll have a bar that represents just how much damage me and my opponent are receiving before we go into the dreaded stun state and I can’t help but be some what elated at having this feature available. Having such a small feature is going to be a big deal when it comes to monitoring the amount of stun you receive and create against the different move sets. It adds a nice element of urgency as you’ll need to manage much more then your meter and energy bar to avoid losing a match and it’s something I look forward to experiencing myself when I can finally play the game. 2. The Current Gen Graphics While both Killer Instinct and Mortal Kombat have exhibited some amazing feats in character detail, Street Fighter 5 seems to have delivered on what I’ve been waiting to see in video games since I first witnessed the amazing photo realism of CG many years ago. Watching the game play beautifully rendered in real time is a sight to behold and for the first time in a long time, I finally felt like we have reached the level of realism that was expected back when the Playstation 3 and Xbox 360 first made their way into gaming house holds. Animations have a feeling of fullness even for the light attacks. Moves despite looking a bit sluggish, have a realistic weight to them. It may take some getting used to coming from Street Fighter IV but I’m very pleased with what the developers have managed to create using the Unreal Engine 4. 3. Smaller Combos, Bigger Damage! The barrier for entry is looking a lot more promising for this version of Street Fighter V. On several occasions, I watched a few hits convert into some hefty damage something that was pretty difficult to do in the previous version of SF. Gone is the Ultra mechanic that was thought to be an unnecessary comeback factor by many within the SF community. If you want to take back a round, you’re going to have to make some good decisions and execute your best combos to create big damage. 4. It’s A Little More Stylish SFV is definitely experimenting a great deal with the combat engine. Veteran characters such as Ryu have been given a nice target combo(command combo) adding a little more flare to his basic fighting style one I felt was greatly needed in his latest incarnation. Looking at just how much the new M. Bison has changed, tells me that this direction is something that many fans and new comers can look forward to and choosing a favorite is going to be more of a task than ever before. 5. V-Skills For Vendetta The latest mechanic offers so much more when it comes to character variety. Ryu’s ability to parry and increase his damage output, returning Street Fighter Alpha character Birdie’s ability to eat food to increase his V-gauge as well as gain guard breaking attacks, these additions give Street Fighter V its’ much needed identity and I’m curious to see what developers have in store for the rest of the incoming cast. So there you have it, five things I like about Street Fighter V. There is no doubting the series that brought many of us back to what we loved about fighting games has returned again to make a statement and so far it’s a good sign that the godfather of fighting games is here to stay.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Bitcoin is on the road to increasing its capacity – but it’s not there yet. Despite the claim bitcoin has been upgraded to support Segregated Witness-style transactions, there are more steps that need to occur before its distributed network can process additional data. In fact, due to the complexities of keeping bitcoin’s distributed network in unison, the change might not take hold until late August. The timeline That said, with BIP 91 activated, bitcoin is now headed down a path toward that possible outcome. In context, this means that BIP 148, a proposal that seeks to upgrade the network to SegWit using different code, is no longer likely (though it’s still possible). As such, one avenue that would find bitcoin splitting into two blockchains has been diminished, though it would be wrong to say it has been eliminated entirely – even in the short term. Rather, SegWit now needs to follow a timeline designed to give miners and node operators ample time to upgrade their software, one that must also operate within the larger constraints of bitcoin’s design. Here’s a best-case scenario of how this might unfold: As illustrated above, miners must now signal support for SegWit until the code achieves “lock in” and “activation,” two separate milestones with unique requirements. Short-term complications Still, things could go awry. For example, it’s possible that bitcoin’s miners could stop signaling support for SegWit ahead of the BIP 141 “lock in” deadline (although they’d risk having their blocks rejected by the network, losing the rewards). While all nodes appear to be signaling correctly, it’s hard to know exactly who is running the software – this means that miners could fail to reject a block that wasn’t signaling for SegWit, continue adding new blocks on top of that block, and ultimately, produce an alternative chain. Adding to the argument is that miner support for the idea has notably wavered in the past, with some asserting it’s largely the threat that users could push through a change that could lead to a split that has kept miners in check. Litecoin’s attempts at integrating SegWit adds context to this theory. As much as 75% of litecoin’s mining hashrate, for instance, was signaling for SegWit in April, meaning it reached the necessary threshold to lock in SegWit. But miner support dropped off soon after. This sparked protocol creator Charlie Lee and other litecoin users to threaten to code an alternative user-activated soft fork (UASF) proposal. Shortly thereafter, a roundtable was held that united major miners, at which time they agreed to signal support for SegWit. Should similar psychology come into play here, the idea is that (after averting a UASF on bitcoin on August 1), miner support for SegWit may wane, though the economic stakes here are arguably higher. Long-term complications But even if SegWit passes, that still only enacts one-half of the Segwit2x proposal. An informal agreement among businesses and miners reached in May, the goal of the initiative was to push the capabilities of the software even further (some would argue too far beyond what should be advocated by prudent development). As developer Jeff Garzik put forward in an interview this weekend, he still plans to help push forward an effort that would seek to upgrade the block size to 2MB, and to enact the upgrade via a process known as a hard fork. The argument against that approach is that research in this area is still underdeveloped, though Garzik has argued SegWit could fail to introduce the capacity changes promised by those who have championed its integration. This determination (as well as the acrimony Garzik’s outlook has caused in the developer community that argue this claim and others he’s made are false) could make a split later in the year more likely. And it’s quite possible this chart will become more complex as this date approaches and different groups attempt to influence the outcome. Disclosure: CoinDesk is a subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, which acted as organizer for the Segwit2x proposal. Old compass image via Shutterstock	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Q: Format/interpretation of NOAA Elevation Data I've downloaded the all10g data from https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/gltiles.html and also the globedocumentationmanual.pdf from the "The Globe Project Report" link on that page. The only relevant format info I see there is on pages#82 (the 90th page) through 85. Are there any other relevant pages in that manual I'm overlooking, or, better yet, some other more comprehensive description of the data format elsewhere? As far as pages#82-85 is concerned... Firstly, the 16-bit little-endian stuff is no problem at all. As best I can determine, the data is organized as follows: +--------------------------------------------+ \| <-- 10800 cols for 90deg longitude --> \| ^ \| = 30 arcsec per col resolution \| \| 4800rows \| ^ \| \| for 40deg lat, \| and 4800/40 or 6000/50 is also \| \| \| or 6000 for 50 \| = 30 arcsec per row resolution \| \| v +--------------------------------------v-----+ Is this correct? Or are we talking about some other kind of projection (e.g., mercator) of the Earth's surface onto a plane rectangular grid? And am I correct in assuming that the 10800 longitude cols, even at high latitudes, is simply a waste of space (presumably for simplicity/consistency of format)? Also, exactly how do you stitch the tiles together at their boundaries? For example, if you wanted to represent 0-to-90 degrees in one-degree intervals, you'd need 91 points, not 90, in order to cover both the 0 and the 90 boundary points. So the page#83 "Table 3. Tile Definitions", e.g., A10G min lat=50 max=90 min lon=-180 max=-90 presumably isn't covering both the 50 and 90 lat min/max boundary points. So which one? Or what, exactly? Aside: while rummaging through the open data sites for elevation data, I also came across https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/product_search/?keyword=Elevation&view=cards&sort=title (then choose NASADEM_HGT v001), which seems to be in this pretty-widely-used netcdf (or variants like netcdf4) format, which I hadn't heard of before. Its format seems to be somewhat discussed at, e.g., https://www.researchgate.net/post/Extracting_data_from_a_netCDF_file (and several similar), but I haven't been able to google a nice, concise, meant-for-programmers discussion. Can you point me to one? Thanks. E d i t -------------- In response to @gerrit's reply below, I already looked over the netcdf format info, as best I could, and will maybe eventually study it more carefully. But that will clearly take lots more time (at least for me) than just dealing with the NOAA format, as discussed above. My programming is in C, and I've already pretty much dealt with that format, as illustrated by the gif below, created directly from the f10g file, just as a test. The temporary test colors are /* --- colorkey --- / int colorkey[99] = { 0256 + 4, /* sea surface and below is 4=blue / 100256 + 11, /* up to 100m is 11=green / 250256 + 5, /* up to 250m is yellow / 500256 + 10, /* 500 maroon / 1000256 + 2, /* 1000 red / 2500256 + 8, /* 2500 gray / 10000256 + 9, /* rest silver / -1 }; The eventual goal, which really isn't that much more complicated, is to generate a gif animation, where each successive frame shows what happens when sea level rises, say, another foot. In any case, a quick glance at the gif suggests that my naive interpretation of the data's lat,lon grid is, in all likelihood, generally more-or-less correct. And I probably don't need anything more accurate/precise for the intended purpose. But it would be nice (and I'd still like) to have more thorough documentation than what's cited above. Anybody have that info, or just a link to it would be great. Thanks. E d i t # 2 ------------------ Just to illustrate the intended use, below's an animation, focusing on the Florida region of the f10g tile. Each successive frame raises sea level (actually, lowers the elevation of each land pixel, leaving ocean unchanged) by one meter. The first frame is raw data, and there are 30 frames in all, and then repeat. Of course, one meter times 30 is kind of extreme, but the NOAA data's in meters, so I don't immediately have any finer vertical resolution available. And it's just a prototype illustration (but I know where I'm buying my retirement home:). The colortable/colorkey is also different than the first gif above, with light_green-->dark_green for the first twelve meters, and then yellow up to 100 meters, as follows int colorkey2[99] = { 0256 + 0, /* sea surface and below is 0=blue / 1256 + 1, /* 1-12 meters are shades of green / 2256 + 2, /* " / 3256 + 3, /* " / 4256 + 4, /* " / 5256 + 5, /* " / 6256 + 6, /* " / 7256 + 7, /* " / 8256 + 8, /* " / 9256 + 9, /* " / 10256 + 10, /* " / 11256 + 11, /* " / 12256 + 12, /* " / 100256 + 13, /* yellow up to 100 meters / 500256 + 14, /* red 500 / 99999256 + 15, /* silver higher */ A: If you can find a NetCDF file, I would recommend using it. NetCDF is a very common self-documenting format with libraries widely available for any language that is suitable for scientific data analysis. Global elevation data is commonly used and easily available. I've used the NOAA ETOPO dataset, available as NetCDF or geotiff. If you are using Python, I would recommend using xarray, but the lower level netCDF4 is also quite good. There is also interactive software to visualise NetCDF, such as panoply.	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Hizbul Mujahideen terrorist Mannan Wani. \| Photo Credit: Facebook New Delhi: In a shocking development a condolence meeting for killed Hizbul Mujahideen terrorist Mannan Wani was organised in Aligarh Muslim University by Kashmiri students studying in the varsity. AMU research scholar turned Hizbul Mujahideen commander Wani was gunned down by security forces yesterday. The university administration suspended 3 students after they were found to be inciting fellow students for a prayer meeting to be held later. Four students have been given show cause notice. As soon as the news of Mannan's death reached AMU, some students declared him a martyr and tried to read namaz-e-janaza, which lead to a spat with senior students from the campus. “Hizbul Mujahideen terrorist Manan Wani who was killed in Handwara encounter today was once a student at AMU, he was rusticated from the University. AMU has nothing to do with him now. Few students tried to hold a gathering today over his death, 3 students suspended,” AMU registrar Abdul Hamid told ANI. Wani was studying Applied Geology at the university and left the campus earlier this year to join the terrorist outfit. Later, his photograph holding AK-47 assault rifle surfaced on social media. Today a PhD scholar chose death over life & was killed in an encounter. His death is entirely our loss as we are losing young educated boys everyday. 1/2 — Mehbooba Mufti (@MehboobaMufti) October 11, 2018 After the news of Wani’s death spread in the valley separatist leaders tweeted in support of the terrorist. Former Chief Minister Mehbooba Mufti urged India to hold dialogue with all the stakeholders to bring peace in the valley. Alas! heard the tragic news of #MananWani’s Martyrdom and of his associates! Deeply pained that we lost a budding intellectual and writer like him,fighting for the of cause of self-determination.JRL appeals to people to observe a complete #Shutdown tomorrow to pay homage to him — Mirwaiz Umar Farooq (@MirwaizKashmir) October 11, 2018 Calling Wani a martyr separatist leader and founder of All Parties Hurriyat Conference Mirwaiz Umar Farooq appealed the people of the valley to observe a complete shutdown today to pay homage to him.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Produced by Chris Curnow and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net "It is due to Messrs. Blackie to say that no firm of publishers turns out this class of literature with more finish. We refer not only to the novel tinting of the illustrations and the richness of the covers, but more particularly to the solidity of the binding, a matter of great importance in boys' books."--_The Academy._ BLACKIE & SON'S BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. _The New Season's Books._ BY G. A. HENTY. THE LION OF THE NORTH: A TALE OF GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS AND THE WARS OF RELIGION. THROUGH THE FRAY: A STORY OF THE LUDDITE RIOTS. FOR NAME AND FAME: OR, THROUGH AFGHAN PASSES. THE DRAGON AND THE RAVEN: OR, THE DAYS OF KING ALFRED. BY G. MANVILLE FENN. BROWNSMITH'S BOY. PATIENCE WINS: OR, WAR IN THE WORKS. A NEW EDITION OF GULLIVER'S TRAVELS WITH 100 ILLUSTRATIONS BY GORDON BROWNE. BY PROFESSOR A. J. CHURCH. TWO THOUSAND YEARS AGO: OR, THE ADVENTURES OF A ROMAN BOY. BY HARRY COLLINGWOOD. THE CONGO ROVERS: A TALE OF THE SLAVE SQUADRON. BY HENRY FRITH. THE SEARCH FOR THE TALISMAN: A STORY OF LABRADOR. BY MRS. R. H. READ. SILVER MILL: A TALE OF THE DON VALLEY. BY EMMA LESLIE. GYTHA'S MESSAGE: A TALE OF SAXON ENGLAND. BY MISS M. A. PAULL. MY MISTRESS THE QUEEN. BY MRS. AUSTIN. MARIE'S HOME: OR, A GLIMPSE OF THE PAST. BY J. C. HUTCHESON. THE PENANG PIRATE AND THE LOST PINNACE. BY THOMAS ARCHER. LITTLE TOTTIE, AND TWO OTHER STORIES. FAMOUS DISCOVERIES BY SEA AND LAND. STIRRING EVENTS IN HISTORY. New Eighteenpenny Books. A TERRIBLE COWARD. By G. MANVILLE FENN. YARNS ON THE BEACH. By G. A. HENTY. THE PEDLAR AND HIS DOG. By MARY C. ROWSELL. TOM FINCH'S MONKEY, and other Yarns. By J. C. HUTCHESON. MISS GRANTLEY'S GIRLS, and the Stories She Told Them. By THOMAS ARCHER. Also, New Books in the Shilling, Sixpenny, and Fourpenny Series By JULIA GODDARD, ANNIE S. SWAN, DARLEY DALE, GREGSON GOW, EMMA LESLIE, and other favourite Authors. BY PROFESSOR CHURCH. TWO THOUSAND YEARS AGO: Or, The Adventures of a Roman Boy. By Professor A. J. CHURCH, Author of "Stories from the Classics." With 12 full-page Illustrations by ADRIEN MARIE, in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, olivine edges, 6_s._ Prof. Church has in this story sought to revivify that most interesting period, the last days of the Roman Republic. Scarcely recovered from the effects of her long struggle for supremacy in Italy, and from the evils of the terrible strife of the nobles against the people, Rome was engaged in suppressing the revolt of Spartacus and the slaves and the insurrection of Sertorius, while at the same time she was waging war with Mithradates, king of Pontus. Meanwhile the pirates held almost undisputed possession of the Mediterranean Sea, till Pompey eventually put them down in B.C. 67. The hero of the story, Lucius Marius, is a young Roman who, through the influence of Cicero, obtains an official appointment in Sicily. He has a very chequered career, being now a captive in the hands of Spartacus, again an officer on board a vessel detailed for the suppression of the pirates, and anon a captive once more, on a pirate ship. He escapes to Tarsus, gets a position under Deiotarus, tetrarch of Galatia, is taken prisoner in the war with Mithradates, and detained by the latter in Pontus for a number of years. There is thus plenty of scope for the narration of stirring adventure and exciting episode. While boys will follow with the deepest interest the career of Lucius, they will gain a clear insight into the history and life of the ancient Roman world. THE UNIVERSE: OR THE INFINITELY GREAT AND THE INFINITELY LITTLE. A Sketch of Contrasts in Creation, and Marvels revealed and explained by Natural Science. By F. A. POUCHET, M.D. Illustrated by 273 Engravings on wood. 8th Edition, medium 8vo, cloth elegant, gilt edges, 7_s._ 6_d._; morocco antique, 16_s._ "We can honestly commend this work, which is admirably, as it is copiously illustrated."--_Times._ "As interesting as the most exciting romance, and a great deal more likely to be remembered to good purpose."--_Standard._ "Scarcely any book in French or in English is so likely to stimulate in the young an interest in the physical phenomena."--_Fortnightly Review._ CHEEP AND CHATTER: Or, LESSONS FROM FIELD AND TREE. By ALICE BANKS. With 54 Character Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE. Small 4to, cloth, handsome design on cover, 3_s._ 6_d._; gilt edges, 4_s._ About a dozen highly dramatic sketches or little stories, the actors in which are birds, beasts, and insects. They are instructive, suited to the capacities of young people, and very amusing. The character drawings, with which the book is profusely illustrated, are delightfully funny. "The real charm of the volume lies in the illustrations. Every one is a success. With birds and mice and insects the artist is equally at home; but his birds above all are inimitable."--_Academy._ "This is a very pleasing book for the young. The morals of the stories are very sound, and by no means obtrusive."--_Daily News._ BY G. A. HENTY. "Surely Mr. Henty should understand boys' tastes better than any man living."--_The Times._ THE LION OF THE NORTH: A Tale of Gustavus Adolphus and the Wars of Religion. By G. A. HENTY. With 12 full-page Illustrations by JOHN SCHOeNBERG, in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, olivine edges, 6s. In this story Mr. Henty gives the history of the first part of the Thirty Years' War, a struggle unprecedented in length, in the fury with which it was carried on, and in the terrible destruction and ruin which it caused. The issue had its importance, which has extended to the present day, as it established religious freedom in Germany. The army of the chivalrous King of Sweden, the prop and maintenance of the Protestant cause, was largely composed of Scotchmen, and among these was the hero of the story. In such a time of war and turmoil there was an opportunity for unlimited adventure. But the chief interest of the tale turns on the great struggle between Gustavus and his chief opponents Wallenstein, Tilly, and Pappenheim. The story terminates shortly after the murder of Wallenstein. WITH CLIVE IN INDIA: Or the Beginnings of an Empire. By G. A. HENTY, author of "Facing Death," "Under Drake's Flag," "By Sheer Pluck," &c. With 12 full-page Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, olivine edges, 6_s_. The period between the landing of Clive as a young writer in India and the close of his career was critical and eventful in the extreme. At its commencement the English were traders existing on sufferance of the native princes. At its close they were masters of Bengal and of the greater part of Southern India. The author has given a full and accurate account of the historical events of that stirring time, and battles and sieges follow each other in rapid succession, while he combines with his narrative a tale of daring and adventure which gives a lifelike interest to the volume. "In this book Mr. Henty has contrived to exceed himself in stirring adventures and thrilling situations, while the realities are preserved. The pictures are by Mr. Gordon Browne, who may be congratulated on their success in adding to the interest of the book."--_Saturday Review._ "Among writers of stories of adventure for boys Mr. Henty stands in the very first rank, and Mr. Gordon Browne occupies a similar place with his pencil.... Those who know something about India will be the most ready to thank Mr. Henty for giving them this instructive volume to place in the hands of their children."--_Academy._ "He has taken a period of Indian History of the most vital importance, and he has shown by what means the work was accomplished. He has embroidered on the historical facts a story which of itself is deeply interesting. Young people assuredly will be delighted with the volume as a whole."--_Scotsman._ BY G. A. HENTY. "Mr. Henty as a boy's story-teller stands in the very foremost rank."--_Glasgow Herald._ THROUGH THE FRAY: A Story of the Luddite Riots. By G. A. HENTY. With 12 full-page Illustrations by H. M. PAGET, in blank and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, olivine edges, 6_s_. The author in this story has followed the lines which he worked out so successfully in "_Facing Death_." As in that story he shows that there are victories to be won in peaceful fields, and that steadfastness and tenacity are virtues which tell in the long run. The story is laid in Yorkshire at the commencement of the present century, when the high price of food caused by the war and the introduction of machinery drove the working-classes to desperation and caused them to band themselves in that wide-spread organization known as the Luddite Society. There is an abundance of adventure in the tale, but its chief interest lies in the character of the hero, and the manner in which by a combination of circumstances he is put on trial for his life, but at last comes victorious "through the fray." TRUE TO THE OLD FLAG: A Tale of the American War of Independence. By G. A. HENTY. With 12 full-page Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, olivine edges, 6_s._ Owing to the unsuccessful termination of the war between Great Britain and her American colonies, the subject is one which English writers have for the most part avoided. In the present volume the author has gone to the accounts of English officers who took part in the conflict, and lads will find that in no war in which British soldiers have been engaged did they behave with greater courage and good conduct. The historical portion of the book being accompanied with numerous thrilling adventures with the redskins on the shores of Lake Huron, a story of exciting interest is interwoven with the general narrative and carried through the book. "Mr. Henty undoubtedly possesses the secret of writing eminently successful historical tales: and those older than the lads whom the author addresses in his preface, may read with pleasure a story which combines with the personal adventures of the youthful hero, an accurate and interesting account of the American War of Independence."--_Academy._ "Mr. G. A. Henty's extensive personal experience of adventures and moving incidents by flood and field, combined with a gift of picturesque narrative, make his books always welcome visitors in the home circle."--_Daily News._ "Very superior in every way. The book is almost unique in its class in having illustrative maps."--_Saturday Review._ BY G. A. HENTY. "Mr. Henty's books never fail to interest boy readers."--_Academy._ IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE: A Story of Wallace and Bruce. By G. A. HENTY. With 12 full-page Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, olivine edges, 6_s._ In this story the author relates the stirring tale of the Scottish War of Independence and of the exploits of Wallace and Bruce. The extraordinary valour and personal prowess of these historical characters rival the deeds of the mythical heroes of chivalry Roland and Arthur, and indeed at one time Wallace was ranked with these legendary personages. The researches of modern historians have shown, however, that he was a living, breathing man--and a valiant champion. The hero of the tale fought under both Wallace and Bruce, and while the strictest historical accuracy has been maintained with respect to public events, the work is full of "hairbreadth 'scapes" and wild adventure. "Mr. Henty has broken new ground as an historical novelist. His tale of the days of Wallace and Bruce is full of stirring action, and will commend itself to boys."--_Athenaeum._ "It is written in the author's best style. Full of the wildest and most remarkable achievements, it is a tale of great interest, which a boy, once he has begun it, will not willingly put on one side."--_The Schoolmaster._ "Scarcely anywhere have we seen in prose a more lucid and spirit-stirring description of Bannockburn than the one with which the author fittingly closes his volume."--_Dumfries Standard._ UNDER DRAKE'S FLAG. A Tale of the Spanish Main. By G. A. HENTY. Illustrated by 12 full-page Pictures by GORDON BROWNE in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, olivine edges, 6_s._ A story of the days when England and Spain struggled for the supremacy of the sea, and England carried off the palm. The heroes sail as lads with Drake in the expedition in which the Pacific Ocean was first seen by an Englishman from a tree-top on the Isthmus of Panama, and in his great voyage of circumnavigation. The historical portion of the story is absolutely to be relied upon, but this, although very useful to lads, will perhaps be less attractive than the great variety of exciting adventure through which the young adventurers pass in the course of their voyages. "A stirring book of Drake's time, and just such a book as the youth of this maritime country are likely to prize highly."--_Daily Telegraph._ "Ned in the coils of the boa-constrictor is a wonderful picture. A boy must be hard to please if he wishes for anything more exciting."--_Pall Mall Gazette._ "It is well illustrated, and is a real good story really well told."--_Punch._ "A book of adventure, where the hero meets with experience enough one would think to turn his hair gray."--_Harper's Monthly Magazine._ BY G. A. HENTY. "Among writers of stories of adventure for boys Mr. Henty stands in the very first rank."--_Academy._ FOR NAME AND FAME: Or, Through Afghan Passes. By G. A. HENTY. With 8 full-page Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE, in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 5_s._ At a moment when Afghanistan is again the centre of interest, this story of the last war in that country is especially appropriate. The hero is apprenticed to a Yarmouth smacksman whose boat is run down in the North Sea by a ship bound for the East. After being wrecked and going through many stirring adventures among the Malays, he finds his way to Calcutta, and enlists there in a regiment on the point of going north to join the army forming at the mouths of the Afghan passes. He accompanies the force under General Roberts to the Peiwar Kotal, is wounded, taken prisoner and carried to Cabul, he is present at the massacre of the mission, and at the subsequent fights round Cabul. He is then transferred to Candahar, and takes part in the battle of Maiwand, and the final defeat of the army of Ayoub Khan. THE DRAGON AND THE RAVEN: Or, The Days of King Alfred. By G. A. HENTY. With 8 full-page Illustrations by C. J. STANILAND, R.I., in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 5_s._ In this story the author gives an account of the desperate struggle between Saxon and Dane for supremacy in England, and presents a vivid picture of the misery and ruin to which the country was reduced by the ravages of the sea-wolves. The historical incidents of the struggle, as related by contemporary writers, are faithfully adhered to. The hero of the story, a young Saxon thane, takes part in all the battles fought by King Alfred, and the incidents in his career are unusually varied and exciting. He is driven from his home, takes to the sea and resists the Danes in their own element, and being pursued by them up the Seine, is present at the long and desperate siege of Paris. YARNS ON THE BEACH. By G. A. HENTY. With 2 full-page Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 1_s._ 6_d._ These "yarns" of manly prowess and bold adventure are attractive because of their liveliness, and the change from one tale of adventure to another provides something to suit different moods or varying tastes. It is a capital book for a young reader, or a reader who retains a youthful fancy and a fresh appreciation, and seeks diversion from study or work. BY G. A. HENTY. "Mr. Henty is one of the best of story-tellers for young people."--_Spectator._ ST. GEORGE FOR ENGLAND: A Tale of Cressy and Poitiers. By G. A. HENTY. With 8 full-page Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 5_s._ No portion of English history is more crowded with great events than that of the reign of Edward III. Cressy and Poitiers laid France prostrate at the feet of England; the Spanish fleet was dispersed and destroyed. Europe was ravaged by the dreadful plague known as the Black Death, and France was the scene of the terrible peasant rising called the Jacquerie. All these stirring events are treated by the author in _St. George for England._ The hero of the story, although of good family, begins life as a London apprentice, but after countless adventures and perils, becomes by valour and good conduct the squire, and at last the trusted friend of the Black Prince. "Mr. Henty, as a boy's story teller stands in the very foremost rank. With plenty of scope to work upon he has done his work well, producing a strong story at once instructive and entertaining."-- _Glasgow Herald._ "A story of very great interest for boys. In his own forcible style the author has endeavoured to show that determination and enthusiasm can accomplish marvellous results; that courage is generally accompanied by magnanimity and gentleness, and that if not in itself the highest of virtues, it is the parent of nearly all the others, since but few of them can be practised without it."--_Pall Mall Gazette._ "Mr. Henty has developed for himself a type of historical novel for boys which bids fair to supplement, on their behalf, the historical labours of Sir Walter Scott in the land of fiction."--_Standard._ BY SHEER PLUCK: A Tale of the Ashanti War. By G. A. HENTY. With 8 full-page Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 5_s._ The Ashanti Campaign seems but an event of yesterday, but it happened when the generation now rising up were too young to have made themselves acquainted with its incidents. The author has woven, in a tale of thrilling interest, all the details of the campaign, of which he was himself a witness. His hero, after many exciting adventures in the interior, finds himself at Coomassie just before the outbreak of the war, is detained a prisoner by the king, is sent down with the army which invaded the British Protectorate, escapes, and accompanies the English expedition on their march to Coomassie. "Mr. Henty keeps up his reputation as a writer of boys' stories. 'By Sheer Pluck' will be eagerly read."--_Athenaeum._ "No one could have done the work better than he has done it. The lad must be very difficult to satisfy who is not satisfied with this."--_Scotsman._ "The book is one which will not only sustain, but add to Mr. Henty's reputation. The illustrations are particularly good."--_Standard._ "Written with a simple directness, force, and purity of style worthy of Defoe. Morally, the book is everything that could be desired, setting before the boys a bright and bracing ideal of the English gentleman."--_Christian Leader._ BY G. A. HENTY. "The brightest of all the living writers whose office it is to enchant the boys."--_Christian Leader._ FACING DEATH: Or the Hero of the Vaughan Pit. A Tale of the Coal Mines. By G. A. HENTY. With 8 full-page Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 5_s._ "Facing Death" is a story with a purpose. It is intended to show that a lad who makes up his mind firmly and resolutely that he will rise in life, and who is prepared to face toil and ridicule and hardship to carry out his determination, is sure to succeed. The hero of the story, though only a colliery lad, is a character that boys will delight in. He is a typical British boy, dogged, earnest, generous, and though "shamefaced" to a degree, is ready to face death in the discharge of duty. His is a character for imitation by boys in every station. "The tale is well written and well illustrated, and there is much reality in the characters."--_Athenaeum._ "If any father, godfather, clergyman, or schoolmaster is on the look-out for a good book to give as a present to a boy who is worth his salt, this is the book we would recommend."--_Standard._ BY GEORGE MANVILLE FENN. NAT THE NATURALIST: Or a Boy's Adventures in the Eastern Seas. By G. MANVILLE FENN, author of "The Golden Magnet," "In the King's Name," &c. Illustrated by 8 full-page Pictures by GORDON BROWNE in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 5_s._ This is a pleasant story of a lad who, though he is brought up in a strictly quiet fashion by an aunt, has a great desire to go abroad to seek specimens in natural history, and has that desire gratified by an uncle who comes home from distant lands, whence he brings a beautiful collection. The boy Nat and his uncle Dick go on a voyage to the remoter islands of the Eastern seas, and their adventures there are told in a truthful and vastly interesting fashion, which will at once attract and maintain the earnest attention of young readers. The descriptions of Mr. Ebony, their black comrade, and of the scenes of savage life, are full of genuine humour. "Mr. Fenn has hit upon a capital idea. This is among the best of the boys' books of the season."--_The Times._ "We can conceive of no more attractive present for a young naturalist."--_Land and Water._ "This sort of book encourages independence of character, develops resource, and teaches a boy to keep his eyes open."--_Saturday Review._ "The late Lord Palmerston used to say that one use of war was to teach geography: such books as this teach it in a more harmless and cheaper way."--_Athenaeum._ "One of the best issues, if not absolutely the best, of Defoe's work which has ever appeared."--_The Standard._ THE LIFE AND SURPRISING ADVENTURES OF ROBINSON CRUSOE. BY DANIEL DEFOE. Beautifully Printed, and Illustrated by above 100 Pictures Designed by Gordon Browne. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, olivine edges, 6_s._ There have been countless editions of "Robinson Crusoe," and they have mostly been imperfect, inasmuch as they have been so largely altered from the original text that the language in many instances has not been that of Defoe but of his revisers. The present volume has been carefully printed from the original edition, and all obsolete or little known terms and obscure phrases are explained in brief foot-notes. The "Editing" is not a corruption or pretended improvement of Defoe's great work. "The best edition I have come across for years. If you know a boy who has not a 'Robinson Crusoe,' just glance at any one of the hundred illustrations in this edition and you will go no further afield in search of a present for that fortunate youth."--_Truth._ "Of the many editions of Defoe's immortal story that have passed through our hands in recent years, we are inclined to rank this the most desirable as a present for a good boy. Gordon Browne's illustrations satisfy the high expectation we had formed from his work of last year."--_The Academy._ "One may be pardoned for growing enthusiastic over the ideal edition which Messrs. Blackie have published this season. Well printed, handsomely bound, and beautifully illustrated, the volume may well become the standard edition of Defoe's evergreen work."--_Edinburgh Courant._ BY HARRY COLLINGWOOD. "Mr. G. A. Henty has found a formidable rival in Mr. Collingwood."--_Academy._ THE CONGO ROVERS: A Tale of the Slave Squadron. By HARRY COLLINGWOOD. With 8 full-page Illustrations by J. SCHOeNBERG, in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 5_s_. The scene of this tale is laid on the west coast of Africa, and in the lower reaches of the Congo; the characteristic scenery of the great river being delineated with wonderful accuracy and completeness of detail. The hero of the story--a midshipman on board one of the ships of the slave squadron--after being effectually laughed out of his boyish vanity, develops into a lad possessed of a large share of sound common sense, the exercise of which enables him to render much valuable service to his superior officers in unmasking a most daring and successful ruse on the part of the slavers. There is the true flavour of salt water, the true scent of the sea-breeze in every page, while not a single expression or suggestion is to be found throughout the book to which the most fastidious reader could object. THE PIRATE ISLAND: A Story of the South Pacific. By HARRY COLLINGWOOD. Illustrated by 8 full-page Pictures by C. J. STANILAND and J. R. WELLS, in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 5_s._ This story details the adventures of a lad who was found in his infancy on board a wreck, and is adopted by, and brought up as, a fisherman. By a deed of true gallantry his whole destiny is changed, and, going to sea, he forms one of a party who, after being burned out of their ship in the South Pacific, and experiencing great hardship and suffering in their boats, are picked up by a pirate brig and taken to the "Pirate Island." After many thrilling adventures, they ultimately succeed in effecting their escape. The story depicts both the Christian and the manly virtues in such colours as will cause them to be admired--and therefore imitated. "A capital story of the sea; indeed in our opinion the author is superior in some respects as a marine novelist to the better known Mr. Clarke Russell."--_The Times._ "The best of these books.... The events are described with minuteness and care. The result is a very amusing book."--_Saturday Review._ "Told in the most vivid and graphic language. The youthful hero plays just the distinguished part which youthful readers will recognize with the most thorough satisfaction. It would be difficult to find a move thoroughly delightful gift-book."--_Guardian._ "One of the best boys' books we have seen for a considerable time; there is thrown in just a dash of the modern novel, which will doubtless go far to make the book a favourite."--_Glasgow Herald._ GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. A NEW EDITION, beautifully printed, and illustrated by more than 100 pictures from designs by GORDON BROWNE. In crown 8vo, cloth elegant, olivine edges, 5_s._ The wonderful travels of Gulliver "into several remote regions of the world" are still as fresh and entertaining as when they were first presented to the public more than a hundred and fifty years ago. In this edition the text has been judiciously curtailed by the omission of several passages quite unsuited for the perusal of the young or for family reading; and foot-notes to the text have been added to explain and throw light on those allusions, references, obsolete words, &c., which a young reader would not understand. The numerous vivacious and amusing illustrations by Gordon Browne greatly add to the attractions of the narrative. BY GEORGE MANVILLE FENN. "Mr. Manville Fenn may be regarded as the successor in boyhood's affections of Captain Mayne Reid."--_Academy._ BROWNSMITH'S BOY. By GEORGE MANVILLE FENN. With 12 full-page Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE, in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, olivine edges, 6_s._ The career of Grant Denison ("Brownsmith's Boy") embraces for the most part the home adventures of an orphan, who, having formed the acquaintance of an eccentric old gardener, accepts his offer of a home and finds that there is plenty of romance in a garden, and much excitement even in a journey now and then to town. In a half-savage lad he finds a friend who shows his love and fidelity principally by pretending to be an enemy. This boy, however, is always staunch, and saves his companion from many a peril, and in more than one fierce fight aids him against the cruel oppression of older lads. In "Brownsmith's Boy" there is abundance of excitement and trouble within four walls. BUNYIP LAND: The Story of a Wild Journey in New Guinea. By G. MANVILLE FENN. With 12 full-page Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, olivine edges, 6_s._ "Bunyip Land" is the story of Joseph Carstairs, son of an eminent botanist, who, in his search for new plants for the London nurserymen, ventures into the interior of New Guinea. Years pass away, and Professor Carstairs does not return; and though he is supposed to be dead, his young wife and son, who live at a station in Australia, refuse to believe this to be the case; and as soon as he is old enough young Joe goes in search of his father, accompanied by Jimmy, a native black. They journey into the interior, which Jimmy believes to be full of the native demons or bunyips, as he calls them, hence the title Bunyip Land. Their adventures are many and exciting, but after numerous perils they discover the professor a prisoner among the blacks, and bring him home in triumph. "Mr. Fenn deserves the thanks of everybody for the two books 'Bunyip Land,' and 'Menhardoc,' that he contributes for the gratification of 'our boys' during the coming holidays, and we may venture to promise that a quiet week may be reckoned on whilst the youngsters have such fascinating literature provided for their evenings' amusement."--_Spectator._ "'Bunyip Land' and 'The Golden Magnet,' are two of the best tales of adventure produced by any living writer, combining, as they do, the inventiveness of Jules Verne, and the solidity of character and earnestness of spirit which have made the English victorious in so many fields of labour and research."--_Daily Chronicle._ BY GEORGE MANVILLE FENN. "There is a freshness, a buoyancy, a heartiness about Mr. Fenn's writings."--_Standard._ THE GOLDEN MAGNET: A Tale of the Land of the Incas. By G. MANVILLE FENN. With 12 full-page pictures by GORDON BROWNE, in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, olivine edges, 6_s._ The tale is of a romantic lad, who leaves home to seek his fortune in South America by endeavouring to discover some of that treasure which legends declare was ages ago hidden to preserve it from the Spanish invaders. He is accompanied by a faithful companion, who, in the capacity both of comrade and henchman, does true service, and shows the dogged courage of the English lad during the strange adventures which befall them. "Told with admirable force and strength. Few men other than Mr. Fenn have the capacity for telling such stories as this, and we do not remember to have seen one of his productions which has exceeded it in merit."--_Scotsman._ "There could be no more welcome present for a boy. There is not a dull page in the book, and many will be read with breathless interest."--_Journal of Education._ IN THE KING'S NAME: Or the Cruise of the _Kestrel_. By G. MANVILLE FENN. Illustrated by 12 full-page Pictures by GORDON BROWNE, in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, olivine edges, 6_s._ "In the King's Name" is a spirited story of the Jacobite times, concerning the adventures of Hilary Leigh, a young naval officer in the preventive service off the coast of Sussex, on board the _Kestrel_. Leigh is taken prisoner by the adherents of the Pretender, amongst whom is an early friend and patron who desires to spare the lad's life, but will not release him. The narrative is full of exciting and often humorous incident. "Mr. Manville Fenn has already won a foremost place among writers of stories for boys. 'In the King's Name,' is, we are inclined to think, the best of all his productions in this field."--_Daily News._ "Told with the freshness and verve which characterize all Mr. Fenn's writings and put him in the front rank of writers for boys."--_Standard._ A TERRIBLE COWARD. By G. MANVILLE FENN. With 2 full-page Illustrations in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 1_s._ 6_d._ The tale of a lad who never bounced, bragged, or bullied, and who, from his unwillingness to risk his life in foolhardy tricks and dangerous frolics, won for himself the distinction in the Cornish village where he lived of being called a "terrible coward." When the time came, however, that put the most venturesome to the test, the coward was found to be the one who went to the front, and distanced all by his cool unflinching English courage. BY GEORGE MANVILLE FENN. "No one can find his way to the hearts of lads more readily than Mr. Fenn."--_Nottingham Guardian._ PATIENCE WINS: Or, War in the Works. By G. MANVILLE FENN. With 8 full-page Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE, in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 5_s._ This is a graphic narrative of factory life in the Black country. The hero, Cob, and his three uncles, engineers, machinists, and inventors, go down to Arrowfield to set up "a works." They find, however, that the workmen, through prejudice and ignorance, are determined to have no new-fangled machinery. But Cob and his uncles are of the genuine kind that never know defeat, and war is declared. The workmen attack and the masters defend the works by night and by day, in spite of which the machinery is destroyed, the workshops almost blown up, and endless attempts made to do injury. After a series of narrow escapes and stirring encounters, in which both sides get worsted in turn, the workmen by degrees find that no malice is borne against them, and at last admiration takes the place of hatred. A great business is built up, and its foundation is laid on the good-will of the men. MENHARDOC: A Story of Cornish Nets and Mines. By G. MANVILLE FENN. With 8 full-page Illustrations by C. J. STANILAND, R.I., in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 5_s._ The scene of this story of boyish aspiration and adventure is laid among the granite piles and tors of Cornwall. Here amongst the hardy, honest fishermen and miners the two sons of Mr. Temple meet with Will Marion, the nephew of a retired purser of the Royal Navy and owner of several fishing-boats. The London boys are inducted into the secrets of fishing in the great bay, they learn how to catch mackerel, pollack, and conger with the line, and are present at the hauling of the nets, although not without incurring many serious risks. There is a good deal of quaint character throughout, and the sketches of Cornish life and local colouring are based upon experience in the bay, whose fishing village is called here Menhardoc. This is a thoroughly English story of phases of life but little touched upon in boys' literature up to the present time. "They are real living boys, with the virtues and faults which generally characterize the transition stage between boyhood and manhood. The Cornish fishermen are drawn from life, they are racy of the soil, salt with the sea-water, and they stand out from the pages in their jerseys and sea-boots all sprinkled with silvery pilchard scales.... Those who buy it as a Christmas gift for their juvenile relatives will find it a pleasant companion for their own idle hours when the boys have done with it."--_Spectator._ "Mr. Fenn has written many books in his time; he has not often written one which for genuine merit as a story for young people will exceed this."--_Scotsman._ "A description of Will Marion's descent into a flooded mine is excellent. Josh is a delightfully amusing character. We may cordially praise the illustrations."--_Saturday Review._ BY ASCOTT R. HOPE. STORIES OF OLD RENOWN. Tales of Knights and Heroes. By ASCOTT R. HOPE. With nearly 100 Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, olivine edges, 5_s._ "The stories are admirably chosen. It is a book to be coveted by all young readers."--_Scotsman._ "One of the beat, if not the best, boys' book of the season."--_Truth._ THE WIGWAM AND THE WAR-PATH: Stories of the Red Indians. By ASCOTT R. HOPE. With 8 full-page Pictures by GORDON BROWNE, in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 5_s._ "The Wigwam and the War-path" consists of stories of Red Indians which are none the less romantic for being true. They are taken from the actual records of those who have been made prisoners by the red men or have lived among them, joining in their expeditions and taking part in their semi-savage but often picturesque and adventurous life. "Mr. Hope's volume is notably good: it gives a very vivid picture of life among the Indians."--_Spectator._ "All the stories are told well, in simple spirited language and with a fulness of detail that makes them instructive as well as interesting."--_Journal of Education._ BY HENRY FRITH. THE SEARCH FOR THE TALISMAN: A Story of Labrador. By HENRY FRITH. With 6 full-page Illustrations by JOHN SCHOeNBERG, in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 3_s._ 6_d._ A stirring tale of adventure in Labrador. Four youths and two elder relatives proceed in search of a "talisman" left by the father of two of the young explorers when an officer in the Hudson's Bay Company's service. They get blown out of their course, and are obliged to anchor in an almost ice-locked bay. On an exploring expedition they are separated, and various adventures result until they unite again and land amongst the Esquimaux. After suffering many vicissitudes they succeed in recovering the talisman, with which they return to England. JACK O' LANTHORN. A Tale of Adventure. By HENRY FRITH. With 4 full-page Illustrations in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 2_s._ 6_d._ This is a story of the days when George the Third was king, and when "Jack the Painter" was trying to set fire to the shipping in Government dockyards. The hero gets into certain scrapes, and at the sea-coast makes the acquaintance of Jack o' Lanthorn, the keeper of a light-ship. The lad and a companion drifting out to sea in an open boat, discover in a singular manner the approach of the Spanish fleet, and Jack accompanies the hero of the tale to report what they have seen. Seized by a press-gang they are taken off to sea, and eventually take part in the defence of Gibraltar. "'Jack o' Lanthorn' will hold its own with the best works of Mr. Henty and Mr. Manville Fenn."--_Morning Advertiser._ "The narrative is crushed full of stirring incident, and is sure to be a prime favourite with our boys."--_Christian Leader._ BY LEWIS HOUGH. DR. JOLLIFFE'S BOYS: A Tale of Weston School. By LEWIS HOUGH. With 6 full-page Pictures in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 3_s._ 6_d._ A story of school life which will be read with genuine interest, especially as it exposes some of the dangers which may beset lads who are ill instructed at home or have been thrown among unscrupulous companions. The descriptions of the characters of the boys at Dr. Jolliffe's are vivid and truthful. The narrative throughout is bright, easy, and lighted by touches of humour. "Young people who appreciate 'Tom Brown's School-days' will find this story a worthy companion to that fascinating book. There is the same manliness of tone, truthfulness of outline, avoidance of exaggeration and caricature, and healthy morality as characterized the masterpiece of Mr. Hughes."--_Newcastle Journal._ BY JOHN C. HUTCHESON. "Mr. Hutcheson bids fair to take a prominent place among our best writers of boys' books."--_The Academy._ THE WRECK OF THE NANCY BELL; Or, Cast Away on Kerguelen Land, By JOHN C. HUTCHESON. Illustrated by 6 full-page Pictures in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 3_s._ 6_d._ This is a book after a boy's own heart. The story narrates the eventful voyage of a vessel on her way from the port of London to New Zealand, and the haps and mishaps that befell her, culminating in the wreck of the ill-fated _Nancy Bell_ on Kerguelen Land. There is no lack of incident. From the opening chapter, with the cowardly steward's alarm of "a ghost in the cabin" to the end of the story, which details the rescue of the shipwrecked passengers, one engrossing narrative holds the attention of the reader, until he reaches the final page. "A full circumstantial narrative such as boys delight in. The ship so sadly destined to wreck on Kerguelen Land is manned by a very life-like party, passengers and crew. The life in the Antarctic Iceland is well treated."--_Athenaeum._ PICKED UP AT SEA: Or the Gold Miners of Minturne Creek, and other Stories. By JOHN C. HUTCHESON. With 6 full-page Pictures in tints. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 3_s._ 6_d._ The story of a young English lad, rescued in mid Atlantic from a watery grave, and taken out west by a party of gold-diggers to the wild regions of the Black Hills in Dakota. Here, after warring with the elements during months of unceasing toil in their search for the riches of the earth, and having the result of their indefatigable labour well-nigh torn from their grasp when on the verge of victory, success at last rewards the efforts of the adventurous band. "This is the first appearance of the author as a writer of books for boys, and the success is so marked that it may well encourage him to further efforts. The description of mining life in the Far-west is true and accurate."--_Standard._ "A capital book; full of startling incident, clever dialogue, admirable descriptions of sky and water in all their aspects, and plenty of fun."--_Sheffield Independent._ TOM FINCH'S MONKEY, And other Yarns. By JOHN C. HUTCHESON. With 2 full-page Illustrations in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 1_s._ 6_d._ This is a collection of sea-stories. "Tom Finch's Monkey" is about a gallant lieutenant and his pet chimpanzee, and will make many boys laugh; while the escape of "The Cranky Jane" will excite their deepest interest; and as for "Jim Newman's Yarn," the real story of the great sea-serpent, it will fairly enchant them. Grave and gay alike, these yarns are suited to almost any taste. BY MRS. R. H. READ. SILVER MILL: A Tale of the Don Valley. By Mrs. R. H. READ. With 6 full-page Illustrations by JOHN SCHOeNBERG, in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 3_s._ 6_d._ The story of a girl and boy. The chief interest centres around Ruth, who is supposed to be the orphan child of a working-man, but who eventually turns out to be the daughter of the cynical, though essentially kind-hearted, owner of Silver Mill. In tracing the character of Ruth as she develops from an impulsive girl to noble womanhood, the author has drawn a picture at once pleasing and suggestive. DORA: Or a Girl without a Home. By Mrs. R. H. READ. With 6 full-page Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 3_s._ 6_d._ The story of a friendless orphan girl, who is placed as pupil-teacher at the school in which she was educated, but is suddenly removed by hard and selfish relatives, who employ her as a menial as well as a governess. Through a series of exciting adventures she makes discoveries respecting a large property which is restored to its rightful owners, and at the same time she secures her escape from her persecutors. The character of Dora is a very sweet one, and the interest of the story is so sustained that it can scarcely fail to please the reader. "One of the most pleasing stories for young people that we have met with of late years. There is in it a freshness, simplicity, and naturalness very engaging."--_Harper's Magazine._ "It is no slight thing, in an age of rubbish, to get a story so pure and healthy."--_The Academy._ "The heroine is a beautiful character, well conceived and well portrayed. The tale is a fascinating one."--_Schoolmistress._ "Mrs. Read has succeeded in writing an exciting tale. The character of Dora is one which every girl would do well to imitate."--_The Schoolmaster._ OUR DOLLY: Her Words and Ways. By Mrs. R. H. READ. With many Woodcuts, and a Frontispiece in colours. Cr. 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ A story for children, showing the growth and development of character in a little girl, and describing the surroundings of the family and a series of entertaining small adventures suitable for very juvenile readers. "Prettily told and prettily illustrated."--_Guardian._ "Sure to be a great favourite with young children."--_School Guardian._ "The little London child will read with a longing heart the story of _Our Dolly_."--_School Board Chronicle._ FAIRY FANCY: What she Heard and what she Saw. By Mrs. R. H. READ. With many Woodcut Illustrations in the text, and a Frontispiece printed in colours. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 2_s._ The tale is designed to show the influence of character even among little children, and the narrative is such as to awaken and sustain the interest of the younger readers. "The authoress has very great insight into child nature, and a sound healthy tone pervades the book."--_Glasgow Herald._ "All is pleasant, nice reading, with a little knowledge of natural history and other matters gently introduced and divested of dryness."--_Practical Teacher._ BY F. BAYFORD HARRISON. BROTHERS IN ARMS: A Story of the Crusades. By F. BAYFORD HARRISON. With 4 full-page Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE, in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ 6_d._ A story which, while it provides exciting incidents and vivid descriptions, will be of real value to the young reader because of its containing accurate historical information on the subject of the Crusades and the doings of Richard the Lion-heart and his army in the Holy Land. There are few tales which comprise within so brief a compass, such picturesque representations of life in that olden time, and such stirring and well-told adventures. "Full of striking incident, is very fairly illustrated, and may safely be chosen as sure to prove interesting to young people of both sexes."--_Guardian._ "Will delight all boyish readers. It is a most thrilling tale."--_The Record._ "One of the best accounts of the Crusades it has been our privilege to read. The book cannot fail to interest boys."--_Schoolmistress._ BY JOHN C. HUTCHESON. THE PENANG PIRATE And THE LOST PINNACE. By JOHN C. HUTCHESON. With 3 full-page Illustrations in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ The first story in this volume deals not with a fictional creation of the past, but with the real pirates of the present who infest the Malayan Archipelago and the great water-high ways of the East. In it the reader will discover how a party of Malayan freebooters were caught in their own toils and "hoist with their own petard," and how the gallant ship _Hankow Lin_ voyaged from the Canton river through the straits of Sunda. In the second tale the adventures of a party of blue-jackets belonging to one of the pinnaces of the East African squadron are narrated. Both stories are founded on fact, and abound in sensational episode and stirring incident. BY MARY C. ROWSELL. TRAITOR OR PATRIOT? A Tale of the Rye-House Plot. By C. J. STANILAND. With 6 full-page Pictures by C. O. MURRAY and C. J. STANILAND, R.I. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 3_s._ 6_d._ A romantic tale of the later days of the reign of Charles II. The main theme of the story is the conspiracy for the assassination of the king and the Duke of York, which was to be effected on the return of the brothers from Newmarket to London. The hero of the story, Lawrence Lee, a young farmer, accidentally learns the truth, and thereupon starts on horseback for Newmarket to warn the king. After a series of adventures, the young man succeeds in his loyal enterprise, and duly receives his reward for his conspicuous share in the frustration of the "Rye-House Plot." "The writer has made a careful study of the times, and tells her tale with some vivacity."--_Spectator._ "Here the Rye-House Plot serves as the ground work for a romantic love episode, whose true characters are life like beings, not dry sticks as in many historical tales."--_Graphic._ "The character of the heroine, Ruth, is singularly pretty and attractive: we thank the author for so charming a creation."--_Bristol Mercury._ THE PEDLAR AND HIS DOG. By MARY C. ROWSELL. With 2 Illustrations by GEORGE CRUIKSHANK, in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 1_s._ 6_d._ A story of English life in the time of Good Queen Bess. Accompanying John Pennycuick and his dog Shock in their wanderings, we get a pleasant view of rural England, quiet and peaceful then, as it is now, and of London with its quaint old streets and houses. Juvenile readers who admire the historical and legendary, when introduced into a narrative that is light and sparkling, are sure to appreciate this book. BY ELIZABETH J. LYSAGHT. BROTHER AND SISTER: Or the Trials of the Moore Family. By ELIZABETH J. LYSAGHT. With 6 full-page Illustrations. Cr. 8vo, cloth extra, 3_s._ 6_d._ An interesting story for young people, showing by the narrative of the vicissitudes and struggles of a family which has "come down in the world," and of the brave endeavours of its two younger members, how the pressure of adversity is mitigated by domestic affection, mutual confidence, and hopeful honest effort. "A pretty story, and well told. The plot is cleverly constructed, and the moral is excellent."--_Athenaeum._ "A charming story, admirably adapted for young people."--_Society._ BY MRS. EMMA RAYMOND PITMAN. "Mrs. Pitman's works are all to be prized for their ennobling character--pure, elevating, interesting, and intellectual."--_Christian Union._ GARNERED SHEAVES. A Tale for Boys. By Mrs. E. R. PITMAN. With 4 full-page Illustrations in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 3_s._ 6_d._ This is a tale showing by incidents from life the wide difference between the honourable, upright youth, and one who is clever and cunning, but dishonest. "This book is of unusual merit. It breathes out good thoughts in earnest and true tones that speak to the heart, with that force which a story does when well told. It would grace any child's library."--_Schoolmistress._ LIFE'S DAILY MINISTRY. A Story of Everyday Service for Others. By Mrs. E. R. PITMAN. With 4 full-page Illustrations in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 3_s._ 6_d._ A story of self-sacrifice and of some touching experiences of life, showing that true honour and happiness are to be found in serving others. "Full of stirring interest, genuine pictures of real life, and pervaded by a broad and active sympathy for the true, beautiful, and good."--_Christian Commonwealth._ FLORENCE GODFREY'S FAITH. A Story of Australian Life. By Mrs. E. R. PITMAN. With 4 full-page Illustrations in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 3_s._ 6_d._ "This is a clever, and what is better still, a good book, written with a freshness and power which win the reader's sympathies, and carry the story along unflaggingly to the close."--_Christian Globe._ MY GOVERNESS LIFE: Or Earning my Living. By Mrs. E. R. PITMAN. With 4 full-page Illustrations in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 3_s._ 6_d._ "Told in the author's usual winsome style, which holds the reader spell-bound from first to last."--_Christian Union._ "A beautiful and instructive story.... Mrs. Pitman never fails to interest her readers."--_The Rock._ FAMOUS DISCOVERIES BY SEA AND LAND. With 4 full-page Illustrations in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 2_s._ 6_d._ Narratives, chiefly, of the stirring times when the great achievement of Columbus had shown that beyond the Atlantic there were new worlds and new oceans to discover and explore--stories of bold adventure and heroic effort which, while strictly historical, are invested with all the charm of romance. STIRRING EVENTS IN HISTORY. With 4 full-page Illustrations by JOHN SCHOeNBERG. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 2_s._ 6_d._ In history there are some events which stand out as eminently notable, either from their importance, their intrinsic interest, or the greatness of the men or women concerned in them. In this work a number of these events have been gathered together and thrown into the form of short narratives. The incidents have been drawn from times and countries wide apart, the aim having been to give variety rather than a finished view of any definite period--to present the young reader with a series of historical pictures which, while instructive in themselves, may induce a taste for further reading in the same direction. STORIES OF THE SEA IN FORMER DAYS: Narratives of Wreck and Rescue. With 4 full-page Illustrations by FRANK FELLER. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ 6_d._ While no attempt is made in "Stories of the Sea" to paint the sailor's life in glowing colours, or invest it with a glamour of romance, the narratives selected are full of such thrilling incidents of peril, suffering, and shipwreck, as are always deeply interesting to the young reader. "Next to an original sea-tale of sustained interest come well-sketched collections of maritime disaster and suffering which awaken the sympathies by the realism of fact. 'Stories of the Sea,' are a very good specimen of the kind, and some of the chapters which are pleasantly written are altogether fresh to us."--_The Times._ "Many boys will appreciate this book, as the adventures of impossible boy pirates are not equal in interest to much of the simple truth here told."--_Athenaeum._ ADVENTURES IN FIELD, FLOOD, & FOREST: Stories of Danger and Daring. With 4 full-page Illustrations by FRANK FELLER. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ 6_d._ Incidents of daring, hardship, and danger have ever had, and doubtless always will have a powerful fascination for the youthful mind, and these narratives of real personal experience in "Field, Flood, and Forest," while in no sense fictitious, will be found quite as exciting and more truly interesting than the most cunningly devised fables. "One of the series of books for young people which Messrs. Blackie excel in producing. The editor has beyond all question succeeded admirably. The present book cannot fail to be read with interest and advantage."--_Academy._ "All admirably told. It will be counted one of the best of the story-books that Christmas produces."--_Scotsman._ BY THOMAS ARCHER. LITTLE TOTTIE, And Two Other Stories. By THOMAS ARCHER. With 3 full-page Illustrations by J. J. PROCTOR. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ A thrilling-little drama of real life, of child life, of the life of a poor neighbourhood with sordid surroundings, and perhaps fuller of suggestion than many more pretentious tales. It stirs the emotions by representing actual scenes and possible people, with the peculiarities and habits that belong to them and make them easily recognized. MISS GRANTLEY'S GIRLS, And the Stories She Told Them. By THOMAS ARCHER. With 2 Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE. Cr. 8vo, cloth ex., 1_s._ 6_d._ The stories that Miss Grantley tells to her girls, during pleasant evenings after school, are such as are likely to prove attractive to the girls in other schools. They are small romances of real life with a good deal of genuine pathos and exciting incident in them, and are eminently suited for family reading or for tales to tell out of school as Miss Grantley told them. BY ROSA MULHOLLAND. HETTY GRAY; Or Nobody's Bairn. By ROSA MULHOLLAND. With 4 full-page Illustrations in black and tint. Cr. 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ 6_d._ "Hetty Gray" is the story of a girl who, having been found as an infant by a villager, is brought up by his wife, and is a kind of general pet, till an accident causes a rich widow to adopt her. On the death of her adoptive mother Hetty, who is left unprovided for, is taken by the widow's relatives to be educated with a view to her gaining her livelihood as a governess, an event which is prevented by a rather remarkable discovery. "A pleasantly told story for girls, with a happy ending."--_Athenaeum._ "A charming story for young folks. Hetty is a delightful creature--piquant, tender, and true--and her varying fortunes are perfectly realistic."--_World._ FOUR LITTLE MISCHIEFS. By ROSA MULHOLLAND. With 3 full-page Pictures in colours. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ The history of Kitty, Jock, Bunko, and Ba, who, after successfully weathering the mumps in their London nursery, are sent to the country to recruit. The book is full of innocent fun, and abounds in attractive and instructive incident. "Will be read with absorbing interest by the youngsters."--_Land and Water._ "A charming bright story about real children."--_Watchman._ BY KATE WOOD. WINNIE'S SECRET: A Story of Faith and Patience. By KATE WOOD. With 4 full-page Pictures in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ 6_d._ Tells the story of two orphan girls, who, at an early age, are left in a miserable den of London to struggle for a living. The vicissitudes of the little sisters are narrated with touching sympathy, at times sad enough, but relieved by flashes of fun and gleams of genuine humour. "A very pretty tale, with great variety of incident and subtle character study, written precisely in the style that is surest to win the hearts of young folks."--_Pictorial World._ "One of the best story books we have read. Girls will be charmed with the tale."--_Schoolmaster._ A WAIF OF THE SEA: Or, the Lost Found. By KATE WOOD. With 4 full-page Illustrations in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ 6_d._ "A Waif of the Sea" deals very pathetically with the sorrows and trials of children, and of mothers who are separated from their children. The narrative is full of human interest, and the lives and struggles of the people of a poor London neighbourhood are well portrayed. "Little Birdie is a beautiful child-character, with whom no one can come in contact without feeling purer and fresher for life's work."--_Glasgow News._ "This is a very touching and pretty tale of town and country, full of pathos and interest, embodied in a narrative which never flags, and told in a style which deserves the highest praise for its lucid and natural ease."--_Edinburgh Courant._ BY ESME STUART. MISS FENWICK'S FAILURES: Or "Peggy Pepper-Pot." A Story. By ESME STUART, author of "Isabeau's Hero," &c. With 4 full-page Illustrations in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ 6_d._ A pleasing narration of the failures of Peggy Fenwick, who, before her sixteenth birthday, had to assume the responsible position of head of her father's house. The story abounds in capitally told domestic adventures; and while it has an excellent moral purpose, it is brimful of fun and never flags in interest. "Instead of drawing a heroine of romance Esme Stuart may be commended for producing a girl far more true to real life, who will put no nonsense into young heads."--_Graphic._ "There is not a dull page in it; while it is so graphically written and abounds in such touches of genuine humour and innocent fun that when we reach the end of the book we wish it were longer."--_Freeman._ BY EMMA LESLIE. GYTHA'S MESSAGE: A Tale of Saxon England. By EMMA LESLIE, author of "Glaucia the Greek Slave," &c. With 4 full-page Pictures by C. J. STANILAND, R.I. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ 6_d._ This is a story of the time of "Harold, the last of the Saxon Kings." The scene is laid mostly within the house of a Saxon Thane, where Gytha is a little slave girl. Though mainly a domestic tale, we yet get a glimpse of the stirring events taking place in the country at that period. We hear of the death of the "Confessor," the election of Harold, his fight with the Danes and defeat at Hastings; and the picture is presented to us of England subsiding into peace under the sway of the Conqueror. A good deal is learned of Saxon manners and customs, and both boys and girls will delight to read of the home life of Hilda and Gytha, and of the brave deeds of the impulsive Gurth and the faithful Leofric. BY M. A. PAULL. MY MISTRESS THE QUEEN. By Miss M. A. PAULL, author of "I, Benjamin Holbeck," &c. With 4 full-page Illustrations by C. T. GARLAND, in black and tint. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ 6_d._ This is an historical tale. "My Mistress the Queen" is Mary, daughter of James II., into whose service the narrator, a girl of 16, enters just before the marriage of Mary to William III. The descriptions are graphic, and the views of historic personages and of manners at the courts of Charles II. and William III. accurate and life-like. The language is simple, and imitative of the quaint quiet style of that period. BY MRS. AUSTIN. MARIE'S HOME: Or, A Glimpse of the Past. By Mrs. AUSTIN. With 3 full-page Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ This story introduces the reader to the pleasant home of an English maiden, to whom, on her fifteenth birthday, is given the diary of her great-grandmother and namesake Marie Hamilton. This record of an early life, spent partly in the same old English home and partly amid stirring scenes of the French revolution, teaches the younger Marie just such lessons of unselfish love as are of value at her age. BY DARLEY DALE. THE FAMILY FAILING. By DARLEY DALE, author of "Little Bricks," &c. With 4 full-page Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth elegant, 2_s._ 6_d._ This is a lively and amusing account of a family, the members of which while they lived in affluence were remarkable for their discontent, but who, after the loss of fortune has compelled them to seek a more humble home in Jersey, become less selfish, and develop very excellent traits of character under the pressure of comparative adversity. Their escapades and narrow escapes from serious dangers form an exciting part of the narrative, which contains many pleasant episodes of life in the Channel Islands. "This is a cheery tale. The lesson is Content, and very nicely the story is told."--_Tablet._ "This is at once an amusing and an interesting story, and a capital lesson on the value of contentedness."--_Aberdeen Journal._ BY CHARLES PEARCE. THE BALL OF FORTUNE; Or Ned Somerset's Inheritance. By CHARLES PEARCE. With 4 full-page Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ 6_d._ A story of plot and character dealing with some out of the many scenes of London life, and founded on the strange bequest left by a sea captain, and the endeavours of some unscrupulous persons to obtain possession of it before the discovery of the true heir in the person of a neglected street Arab. The story is lively and attractive, and the incidents move so quickly that the attention of the reader is sustained throughout. "A capital story for boys. It is very simply and brightly written. There is plenty of incident, and the interest is sustained throughout."--_Journal of Education._ "It is a bright genial story, which boys will thoroughly enjoy.... We have seen few better stories for boys this season."--_Birmingham Daily Post._ "The most exciting of them all."--_The Times._ BY ALICE CORKRAN. ADVENTURES OF MRS. WISHING-TO-BE. By ALICE CORKRAN, author of "Latheby Towers," &c. With 3 full-page Pictures in colours. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ The strange adventures of a very young lady, showing how she met with the wonderful people of nursery legend and the manner of her introduction to them. A tale for the Little Ones. "Simply a charming book for little girls."--_Saturday Review._ "Written just in the style and spirit to win the hearts of children."--_Daily News._ "Well worth buying for the frontispiece alone."--_Times._ BY GREGSON GOW. NEW LIGHT THROUGH OLD WINDOWS. A Series of Stories illustrating Fables of AEsop. By GREGSON GOW. With 3 Pictures in colours. Cloth extra, 2_s._ Stories designed to bring before the young mind, in a new and entertaining form, some of the shreds of wit and wisdom which have come down to us from ancient times in the guise of fables. Although amusement has been a chief end aimed at, most of the tales will be found to suggest some important truth, or teach some sound lesson in practical morality. "Agreeable reading for the young."--_Athenaeum._ "The most delightfully-written little stories one can easily find in the literature of the season. Well constructed and brightly told."--_Glasgow Herald._ DOWN AND UP AGAIN: Being some Account of the Felton Family, and the Odd People they Met. By GREGSON GOW. With 2 Illustrations in colours. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 1_s._ 6_d._ A story of city life, in which, though the chief aim is to amuse through the recital of interesting events and the exhibition of original and humorous character, the reader may see something of the spirit in which misfortune should be met, find an illustration of the maxim that "Heaven helps those who help themselves," and receive an impulse towards kindliness of deed and charity of thought. "Very neatly told, with some fairly dramatic incidents, and calculated altogether to please young boys."--_Scotsman._ "The story is simply but remarkably well told. Though intended for young people it might with advantage be perused by many older readers."--_Northern Chronicle._ TROUBLES AND TRIUMPHS OF LITTLE TIM. A City Story. By _Gregson Gow_. With 2 Illustrations in colours. Crown 8vo, cloth extra. 1_s._ 6_d._ "Strong in character and full of incident, and the narrative all through is interesting and touching."--_Edinburgh Daily Review._ "An unmistakable undercurrent of sympathy with the struggles of the poor, and an ability to describe their feelings under various circumstances, eminently characteristic of Dickens, are marked features in Mr. Gow's story."--_North British Mail._ A LITTLE ADVENTURER. By GREGSON GOW. With Coloured Frontispiece, square 16mo, cloth extra, 1_s._ MAGNA CHARTA STORIES: Or Struggles for Freedom in the Olden Time. Each Story written by an Eminent Author, and the whole edited by ARTHUR GILMAN, A.M. With 12 full-page Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ These stories of heroic deed in the cause of national liberty, from Marathon and Thermopylae to the times of King Alfred and the _Magna Charta_, are designed to stimulate a love of history, and add to the inspiration of freedom, which should be the heritage of every boy and girl. "Light and graceful in its style, with moral inspiration streaming from each tale of the olden days, this is a book which will exercise an educational influence at every fireside to which it comes."--_Christian Leader._ "A book of special excellence, which ought to be in the hands of all boys. It is as readable as it is instructive, and as elevating as it is readable."--_Educational News._ THE WINGS OF COURAGE, AND THE CLOUD-SPINNER. Translated from the French of GEORGE SAND, by Mrs. CORKRAN. With 2 coloured Illustrations. Crown 8vo; cloth extra, 2_s._ These stories are among the most attractive of the many tales which the great French novelist wrote for her grandchildren. They are full of fancy, of vivid description, and of a keen appreciation of the best way to arouse the interest of juvenile readers. The romantic manner in which they are told lends to them the kind of enchantment which thoughtful children deeply appreciate. "Mrs. Corkran has earned our gratitude by translating into readable English these two charming little stories."--_Athenaeum._ "The finest of all these books beyond question is the 'Wings of Courage,' which ranks with the writings of Erckmann-Chatrian for finish, beauty, and naturalness. The whole story is delightful."--_Dundee Advertiser._ NAUGHTY MISS BUNNY: Her Tricks and Troubles. A Story for Little Children. By CLARA MULHOLLAND. With 3 Illustrations in colours. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ This is a book which will amuse quite little folks, as a story of the wayward tricks of a spoiled child, and the scrapes into which they lead her. The story consists of small incidents such as please small listeners, who will be interested not only in Miss Bunny's naughtiness, but in her reformation. "This naughty child is positively delightful. Papas should not omit 'Naughty Miss Bunny' from their list of juvenile presents."--_Land and Water._ BOX OF STORIES. Packed for Young Folk by _Horace Happyman_. A Series of interesting Tales for the Young. With 2 Illustrations printed in colours. Crown 8vo, 192 pp., cloth extra, 1_s._ 6_d._ WARNER'S CHASE: Or the Gentle Heart. By ANNIE S. SWAN. With 3 Illustrations printed in colours. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2_s._ "Warner's Chase" is a domestic story, in which we see the failure of an essentially self-seeking and self-assertive nature to secure happiness to itself, or bestow it upon others, and the triumph of gentleness, love, and unselfish service, in the person of a feeble girl, over the coldness and indifference of a heart contracted and hardened by a life-long pursuit of gain. "Is a good book for boys and girls. There is nothing sentimental and no sickly goodyism in it, but a tone of quiet and true religion that keeps its own place."--_Perth Advertiser._ "In Milly Warren, the heroine, who softens the hard heart of her rich uncle, and thus unwittingly restores the family fortunes, we have a fine ideal of real womanly goodness."--_Schoolmaster._ INTO THE HAVEN. By ANNIE S. SWAN. With 2 Illustrations printed in colours. Crown 8vo, 192 pp., cloth extra, 1_s._ 6_d._ "No story more attractive ... by reason of its breezy freshness and unforced pathos, as well as for the wholesome practical lessons it conveys."--_Christian Leader._ MADGE'S MISTAKE. A Recollection of Girlhood. By ANNIE E. ARMSTRONG. With 2 coloured Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 1_s._ 6_d._ This is a lively, interesting little story, the characters are well marked, and the plot, although simple, is so well worked out as to lead the reader, young or old, on to the last word. "Will please the eye and the fancy of girls, for its illustrations are as excellent as its letterpress."--_Academy._ "We cannot speak too highly of this delightful little tale. It is charmingly written, and abounds in interesting and laughable incidents."--_Bristol Times._ THE PATRIOT MARTYR: And other Narratives of Female Heroism in Peace and War. With 2 Coloured Illustrations. 192 pp., cloth extra, 1_s._ 6_d._ "It should be read with interest by every girl who loves to learn what her sex can accomplish in times of difficulty and danger."--_Bristol Times._ THE HAPPY LAD. A Story of Peasant Life in Norway. From the Norwegian of Bjoernstjerne Bjoernson. With Frontispiece in colours. Crown 8vo, 192 pp., cloth extra, 1_s._ 6_d._ "This pretty story has a freshness and natural eloquence about it such as are seldom met with in our home made tales. It seems to carry us back to some of the love stories of the Bible."--_Aberdeen Free Press._ THE SHILLING SERIES OF BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. Square 16mo, neatly bound in cloth extra. Each book contains 128 pages and a coloured Illustration. "The whole of the set will be found admirably adapted for the use of the young. The books, well printed and elegantly bound in cloth, are a marvel of cheapness."--_Journal of Education._ "They are unusually good, and are calculated to produce sound, wholesome, moral effects."--_Glasgow Herald._ OLIVE MOUNT. By ANNIE S. FENN. A bright and sparkling story about a family of boys and girls left, through the death of both parents, to the charge of their eldest brother. For a time the children fairly run riot in the pleasant country-side at Olive Mount; till the wholesome discipline of sorrow and the gentle influence of Miss Orpen their governess, lead them to find enjoyment in doing what is right. A LITTLE ADVENTURER. By GREGSON GOW. Tells how little Tommy Treffit started off to search for his father in Australia. How he hid himself on board a vessel bound for Madeira, and how, after many adventures, he at last found his father, not in Australia, but safe at home. TOM WATKINS' MISTAKE. By EMMA LESLIE. Tom Watkins, having given way to the temptation to commit acts of petty pilfering in the carpenter's shop where he is apprenticed, ultimately suffers the consequences of his wrong-doing, and not only learns that honesty is the best policy, but comes to see the sinfulness of his conduct. TWO LITTLE BROTHERS. By HARRIET M. CAPES. This is a pleasant account of some of the incidents which befel two little brothers, whose home was in a seaside village. It tells of their adventures on the shore and of the wonderful sights they saw during a trip to London, and how a kind father taught them to practise at all times self-control and courtesy. THREE LITTLE ONES: Their Haps and Mishaps. By CORA LANGTON. A simple tale of home life. Children are sure to love and admire bright Mabel, affectionate Eddie, and sad little Lucy, while the story of Mabel's sin and Lucy's sorrow will teach them truthfulness and obedience. THE NEW BOY AT MERRITON. By JULIA GODDARD. "A story of English school life. It is an attempt to teach a somewhat higher code of honour than that which prevails among the general run of schoolboys, and the lesson makes a very good story."--_School Board Chronicle._ THE BLIND BOY OF DRESDEN. "This is a family story of great pathos. It does not obtrusively dictate its lesson, but it quietly introduces, and leaves it within the heart."--_Aberdeen Journal._ JON OF ICELAND: A True Story. "'Jon of Iceland' is a sturdy, well-educated young Icelander, who becomes a successful teacher. It gives children a clear idea of the chief physical features of the island, and of the simple and manly character of its inhabitants."--_School Guardian._ STORIES FROM SHAKESPEARE. "The stories are told in such a way that young people having read them will desire to study the works of Shakespeare in their original form."--_The Schoolmistress._ EVERY MAN IN HIS PLACE. The Story of a City Boy and a Forest Boy. "This is the history of the son of a wealthy Hamburg merchant, who wished to follow in the steps of Robinson Crusoe. He was put to the test, and became convinced in the end that it is better to live the life of a wealthy merchant in a great city than to endure hardship by choice."--_School Board Chronicle._ FIRESIDE FAIRIES and FLOWER FANCIES: STORIES FOR GIRLS. "Nine stories are included, all for girls, encouraging them to try and do their duty. Young servants would find this book very interesting."--_The Schoolmistress._ TO THE SEA IN SHIPS: STORIES OF SUFFERING AND SAVING AT SEA. "_To the Sea in Ships_ records several noted disasters at sea, such as the foundering of the _London_ and the wreck of the _Atlantic_. It also contains narratives of successful rescues. This is a capital book for boys."--_School Guardian._ JACK'S VICTORY: AND OTHER STORIES ABOUT DOGS. "Every boy, and some girls, take great delight in reading about dogs. Well, Jack was a dog; a famous and wonderful one, too. He became leader of a team in Greenland, and some rare exploits he took part in. Besides 'Jack's Victory' there are ten other stories about dogs in this volume."--_The Schoolmistress._ THE STORY OF A KING, TOLD BY ONE OF HIS SOLDIERS. "This book recounts the boyhood and reign of Charles XII. of Sweden. The wars in which he was engaged and the extraordinary victories he won are well described, and equally so are the misfortunes which latterly came on him and his kingdom through his uncontrollable wilfulness."--_Aberdeen Journal._ LITTLE DANIEL: A Story of a Flood on the Rhine. "A simple and touching story of a flood on the Rhine, told as well as George Eliot so graphically wrote of _The Mill on the Floss_."--_Governess._ PRINCE ALEXIS: A Tale of Old Russia. This is a legend wrought into a story, rendering a fiction of Life in Russia, something more than a hundred years ago; a state of things which, as the author says, "is now impossible, and will soon become incredible." SASHA THE SERF: And other Stories of Russian Life. The stories in the volume comprise:--The Life of Sasha, a poor boy who saved the life of his lord, and finally rose to wealth and gained his freedom,--Incidents of remarkable personal bravery in the Russian army, &c. &c. TRUE STORIES OF FOREIGN HISTORY. A Series of Interesting Tales. The book contains stories--How Quentin Matsys the Antwerp smith became a great painter,--The rise and fall of Jean Ango the fisherman of Dieppe,--The heroism of Casabianca the little French midshipman, &c. &c. THE SIXPENNY SERIES FOR CHILDREN. Neatly bound in cloth extra. Each book contains 64 pages and a Coloured Illustration. NEW VOLUMES. WILD MARSH MARIGOLDS. By DARLEY DALE. FANNY'S KING. By DARLEY DALE. KITTY'S COUSIN. By HANNAH B. MACKENZIE. CLEARED AT LAST. By JULIA GODDARD. LITTLE DOLLY FORBES. By ANNIE S. FENN. A YEAR WITH NELLIE. By ANNIE S. FENN. * * * * * THE LITTLE BROWN BIRD: a Story of Industry. THE MAID OF DOMREMY: and other Tales. LITTLE ERIC: a Story of Honesty. UNCLE BEN THE WHALER: and other Stories. THE PALACE OF LUXURY: and other Stories. THE CHARCOAL-BURNER: or, Kindness Repaid. WILLY BLACK: a Story of Doing Right. THE HORSE AND HIS WAYS: Stories of Man and his best Friend. THE SHOEMAKER'S PRESENT: a Legendary Story. LIGHTS TO WALK BY: Stories for the Young. THE LITTLE MERCHANT: and other Stories. NICHOLINA: a Story about an Iceberg. "The whole of the set will be found admirably adapted for the use of the young."--_Schoolmaster._ "A very praiseworthy series of Prize Books. Most of the stories are designed to enforce some important moral lesson, such as honesty, industry, kindness, helpfulness, &c."--_School Guardian._ A SERIES OF FOURPENNY REWARD BOOKS. _Each 64 Pages, 18mo, Illustrated, in Picture Boards._ NEW VOLUMES. HOLIDAYS AT SUNNYCROFT. By ANNIE S. SWAN. WORTHY OF TRUST. By H. B. MACKENZIE. MAUDIE AND BERTIE. By GREGSON GOW. PHIL FOSTER. By J. LOCKHART. * * * * * BRAVE AND TRUE. By GREGSON GOW. POOR TOM OLLIVER. By JULIA GODDARD. THE CHILDREN AND THE WATER-LILY. By JULIA GODDARD. JOHNNIE TUPPER'S TEMPTATION. By GREGSON GOW. FRITZ'S EXPERIMENT. By LETITIA M'CLINTOCK. CLIMBING THE HILL. By ANNIE S. SWAN. A YEAR AT COVERLEY. By ANNIE S. SWAN. LUCY'S CHRISTMAS-BOX; or, How Georgie found his Cousin. * * These little books have been specially written with the aim of * inculcating some sound moral, such as obedience to parents, love for brothers and sisters, kindness to animals, perseverance and diligence leading to success, &c. &c. "Any one who wishes to send a dainty packet of story-books to a household blessed with little children will find in these exactly what he wants. They are issued with the prettiest of all the coloured covers we have yet seen."--_Christian Leader._ "We have seldom seen any series of children's stories of so high-class a character placed so prettily within the reach of even the humblest purchaser."--_Newcastle Journal._ VERE FOSTER'S WATER-COLOR DRAWING-BOOKS. _The Times_ says:--"We can strongly recommend the series to young students." PAINTING FOR BEGINNERS. FIRST STAGE. Teaching the use of ONE COLOR. Ten Facsimiles of Original Studies in Sepia by J. CALLOW, and numerous Illustrations in pencil. With full Instructions in easy language. 4to, cloth elegant, 2_s._ 6_d._ "Sound little books, teaching the elements of 'washing' with much clearness by means of plain directions and well-executed plates."--_Academy._ PAINTING FOR BEGINNERS. SECOND STAGE. Teaching the use of SEVEN COLORS. Twenty Facsimiles of Original Drawings by J. CALLOW, and many Illustrations in pencil. With full Instructions in easy language. 4to, cloth elegant, 4_s._ "The rules are so clear and simple that they cannot fail to be understood even by those who have no previous knowledge of drawing. The letterpress of the book is as good as the illustrations are beautiful."--_Birmingham Gazette._ SIMPLE LESSONS IN FLOWER PAINTING. Eight Facsimiles of Original Water-Color Drawings, and numerous Outline Drawings of Flowers, after various artists. With Instructions for Drawing and Painting. 4to, cloth elegant, 3_s._ "Everything necessary for acquiring the art of flower painting is here: the _facsimiles_ of water-color drawings are very beautiful."--_Graphic._ "Such excellent books, so carefully written and studied, cannot fail to have great advantage in the creation and fostering of a taste for art."--_Scotsman._ SIMPLE LESSONS IN LANDSCAPE PAINTING. Eight Facsimiles of Original Water-Color Drawings, and Thirty Vignettes, after various artists. With full Instructions by an experienced Master. 4to, cloth elegant, 3_s._ "As a work of art in the book line we have seldom seen its equal; and it could not fail to be a delightful present, affording a great amount of pleasurable amusement and instruction, to young people."--_St. James's Gazette._ SIMPLE LESSONS IN MARINE PAINTING. Twelve Facsimiles of Original Water-Color Sketches. By EDWARD DUNCAN. With numerous Illustrations in pencil, and Practical Lessons by an experienced Master. 4to, cloth elegant, 3_s._ "The book must prove of great value to students. Nothing could be prettier or more charming than the marine sketches here presented."--_Graphic._ STUDIES OF TREES, In Pencil and in Water-Colors. By J. NEEDHAM. A Series of Eighteen Examples in Colours, and Thirty-three Drawings in pencil. With descriptions of the Trees, and full Instructions for Drawing and Painting. First Series, cloth elegant, 5_s._; Second Series, cloth elegant, 5_s._ "Charmingly printed and illustrated by chromo-lithography--in which the art of drawing foliage is very pithily but neatly set forth. The letterpress descriptions are remarkably well written."--_Pictorial World._ "We commend them most heartily to all persons of taste who may be wanting to cultivate the great accomplishment of Water-color Drawing, or who want a gift-book for a lad or girl taking up the study."--_Schoolmaster._ ADVANCED STUDIES IN FLOWER PAINTING. By ADA HANBURY. A Series of Twelve beautifully finished Examples in Colors, and numerous Outlines in pencil. With full Instructions for Painting, and a description of each plant by BLANCHE HANBURY. 4to, cloth elegant, 7_s._ 6_d._ "Apart from its educational value in art training this is a lovely book: we have seen nothing to equal the coloured plates."--_Sheffield Independent._ "The handsomest and most instructive volume of the series yet produced."--_Daily Chronicle._ "Coloured sketches of flowers which it is literally no exaggeration to term exquisite."--_Knowledge._ ILLUMINATING. Nine examples in Colors and Gold of ancient Illuminating of the best periods, with numerous Illustrations in Outline, Historical Notes and full descriptions and instructions by Rev. W. J. LOFTIE, B.A., F.S.A. In Four Parts 4to, 1_s._ each; or one volume, cloth elegant, 6_s._ EASY STUDIES IN WATER-COLOR PAINTING. By R. P. LEITCH and J. CALLOW. A Series of Nine Pictures executed in Neutral Tints. With full Instructions for drawing each subject, and for sketching from Nature. 4to, cloth elegant, 6_s._ SKETCHES IN WATER-COLORS. By T. M. RICHARDSON, R. P. LEITCH, J. A. HOUSTON, T. L. ROWBOTHAM, E. DUNCAN, and J. NEEDHAM. A Series of Nine Pictures executed in Colors. With full Instructions for drawing each subject, by an experienced Teacher. 4to, cl. eleg., 6_s._ "To those who wish to become proficient in the art of water-color painting no better instructor could be recommended than these two series."--_Newcastle Chronicle._ BOOKS FOR YOUNG READERS _Classified according to Price._ ELEGANTLY BOUND IN EXTRA CLOTH. Books at 7s. 6d. The Universe; or The Infinitely Great and Infinitely Little. By F. A. POUCHET, M.D. Advanced Studies in Flower Painting. Books at 6s. The Lion of the North. By G. A. HENTY. Through the Fray. By G. A. HENTY. In Freedom's Cause. By G. A. HENTY. With Clive in India. By G. A. HENTY. True to the Old Flag. By G. A. HENTY. Under Drake's Flag. By G. A. HENTY. Two Thousand Years Ago. By Prof. A. J. CHURCH. Brownsmith's Boy. By G. M. FENN. Bunyip Land. By G. MANVILLE FENN. The Golden Magnet. By G. M. FENN. In the King's Name. By G. M. FENN. Robinson Crusoe. Over 100 Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE. Lessons in the Art of Illuminating. Easy Studies in Water-Colors. Sketches in Water-Colors. Books at 5s. Gulliver's Travels. Over 100 Illustrations by GORDON BROWNE. For Name and Fame. By G. A. HENTY. The Dragon and the Raven. By G. A HENTY. St. George for England. By G. A. HENTY. By Sheer Pluck. By G. A. HENTY. Facing Death. By G. A. HENTY. The Congo Rovers. By H. COLLINGWOOD. The Pirate Island. By H. COLLINGWOOD. Patience Wins. By G. M. FENN. Menhardoc. By G. MANVILLE FENN. Nat the Naturalist. By G. M. FENN. Wigwam and War-Path. By ASCOTT R. HOPE. Stories of Old Renown. By A. R. HOPE. Studies of Trees in Pencil and Water-Colors. Two Series. Book at 4s. Painting for Beginners, 2nd Stage. Books at 3s. 6d. Search for the Talisman. By H. FRITH. Silver Mill. By Mrs. R. H. READ. The Wreck of the Nancy Bell. By J. C. HUTCHESON. Picked up at Sea. By J. C. HUTCHESON. Dr. Jolliffe's Boys. By LEWIS HOUGH. Traitor or Patriot? By M. C. ROWSELL. Brother and Sister. By Mrs. LYSAGHT. Dora. By Mrs. R. H. READ. Cheep and Chatter. By ALICE BANKS. Garnered Sheaves. By Mrs. PITMAN. Life's Daily Ministry. By Mrs. PITMAN. Florence Godfrey's Faith. By DO. My Governess Life. By Mrs. PITMAN. Books at 3s. Simple Lessons in Flower Painting. Simple Lessons in Marine Painting. Simple Lessons in Landscape Painting. Books at 2s. 6d. Gytha's Message. By EMMA LESLIE. My Mistress the Queen. By M. A. PAULL. Brothers in Arms. By F. B. HARRISON. Winnie's Secret. By KATE WOOD. Miss Fenwick's Failures. By ESME STUART. Jack o' Lanthorn. By HENRY FRITH. A Waif of the Sea. By KATE WOOD. Hetty Gray. By ROSA MULHOLLAND. The Ball of Fortune. By CHAS. PEARCE. The Family Failing. By DARLEY DALE. Famous Discoveries. Stirring Events in History. Stories of the Sea in Former Days. Adventures in Field, Flood, and Forest. Painting for Beginners, 1st Stage. Books at 2s. The Penang Pirate. By J. C. HUTCHESON. Little Tottie. By THOMAS ARCHER. Marie's Home. By Mrs. AUSTIN. Warner's Chase. By ANNIE S. SWAN. The Wings of Courage. By GEORGE SAND. Four Little Mischiefs. By ROSA MULHOLLAND. Mrs. Wishing-to-be. By ALICE CORKRAN. Magna Charta Stories. New Light through Old Windows. By GREGSON GOW. Our Dolly. By Mrs. R. H. READ. Fairy Fancy. By Mrs. R. H. READ. Naughty Miss Bunny. By CLARA MULHOLLAND. Books at 1s. 6d. A Terrible Coward. By G. M. FENN. Yarns on the Beach. By G. A. HENTY. Miss Grantley's Girls. By T. ARCHER. The Pedlar and his Dog. By MARY C. ROWSELL. Tom Finch's Monkey. By J. C. HUTCHESON. Down and Up Again. By GREGSON GOW. Little Tim. By GREGSON GOW. Madge's Mistake. By ANNIE E. ARMSTRONG. The Happy Lad. By BJOeRNSON. Into the Haven. By ANNIE S. SWAN. Box of Stories. Packed by HORACE HAPPYMAN. The Patriot Martyr: and other Narratives of Female Heroism. Books at 1s. A Little Adventurer. Olive Mount. Two Little Brothers. Three Little Ones: their Haps and Mishaps. Tom Watkins' Mistake. The New Boy at Merriton. The Blind Boy of Dresden and his Sister. Jon of Iceland: A True Story. Stories from Shakespeare. Every Man in His Place. Fireside Fairies and Flower Fancies. To the Sea in Ships. Little Daniel: a Story of a Flood on the Rhine. Jack's Victory: Stories about Dogs. The Story of a King: told by one of his Soldiers. Prince Alexis, or "Beauty and the Beast." Sasha the Serf: Stories of Russian Life. True Stories of Foreign History. Also, the SIXPENNY SERIES, 18 Books, and the _Fourpenny Series_, 12 Books. See List at pages 35 and 36. LONDON: BLACKIE & SON, 49 OLD BAILEY, E.C.; GLASGOW, EDINBURGH, AND DUBLIN. End of Project Gutenberg's Blackie & Sons Catalogue - 1886, by Various ***	{ "pile_set_name": "Gutenberg (PG-19)" }
Dejan Stojanović Dejan Stojanović (, ; born 11 March 1959) is a Serbian poet, writer, essayist, philosopher, businessman, and former journalist. His poetry is characterized by a recognizable system of thought and poetic devices, bordering on philosophy, and, overall, it has a highly reflective tone. According to the critic Petar V. Arbutina, "Stojanović belongs to the small and autochthonous circle of poets who have been the main creative and artistic force of the Serbian poetry in the last several decades." Early life Dejan Stojanović was born on 11 March 1959 in Peć, Autonomous District of Kosovo and Metohija, PR Serbia, FPR Yugoslavia. In 1972, he moved with his family to Sutomore, near Bar, Montenegro, where he completed his secondary education. He attended the University of Pristina at Kosovo. While he was predominantly interested in philosophy and the arts during his youth, he earned a degree in law. Writing background Poetry He began to write poetry in the late seventies and kept his work private for three to four years, after which he published his poems in literary magazines in the former Yugoslavia. Serbian magazines in which his work was published include Stremljenja (English translation: Trends) and Jedinstvo (English translation: Unity) in Priština, and Gradina in Niš. By 1983, he became a member of a literary club (Karagač) in his hometown of Peć. During this time, he was named as the secretary and later promoted to president of the club. In this role, he conducted interviews with some local artists from Kosovo. In his early adulthood, Stojanović developed a philosophical system of ideas that dealt primarily with metaphysical questions and the structure of the Universe. He wrote several hundred pages in his notebooks exploring these ideas, along with essays on language and literature. In 1999, these manuscripts, along with his library of more than a thousand books (carefully chosen for years), were lost due to fire shortly after the war in Kosovo ended. His books, along with his manuscripts, were held temporarily in his brother's office in the center of downtown Peć. Publishing In 1990, Stojanović established a private publishing firm known as Metoh (English translation: the church's land). While the organization was located in Peć, the firm planned to publish a literary magazine in Kosovo. The firm's staff included writers from Belgrade, one of whom was Alek Vukadinović, a Serbian poet who supported Stojanović's plan to publish a magazine. While Stojanović's first book of poetry, Krugovanje (English translation: Circling) was ready for publication in 1983, it was not published until 1993. During those ten years, several poems that were initially planned for inclusion in the book had been replaced by newer poems, which had been written between 1983 and 1986. The last poem in the book had actually been written in Chicago, in 1991. Journalism In early 1990, Stojanović joined the writing staff of Serbian magazine, Pogledi (English translation: Viewpoints). At this time, he began a series of interviews with several Serbian writers in Belgrade, including Momo Kapor, Alek Vukadinović, and Nikola Milošević. During his second visit to Paris in May and June 1990, he interviewed Ljuba Popović, Petar Omčikus, Miloš Šobajić, and Jacques Claude Villard. In December 1990, he went to the US as a foreign correspondent, planning to stay six months to a year. During this time, he conducted interviews with prominent American writers, including Nobel Laureate Saul Bellow, Charles Simic, and Steve Tesich. He did not return to his homeland in summer 1991, when the Yugoslav Wars started in the former Yugoslavia, and has been living in Chicago since 1990. In honor of his series of interviews published in Conversations, published in 1999 by Književna reč of Belgrade, Stojanović received the Rastko Petrović Award, presented by the Association of Writers of Serbia. Style Stojanović’s poetry collections are characterized by sequences of compact, dense poems, simple yet complex in carefully organized overall structure, and that is why some more visibly than others appear as long poems. This is especially characteristic of the books, The Sign and its Children, The Shape, and The Creator (Znak I njegova deca, Oblik, Tvoritelj ), in which, with a relatively small number of words repeated in different contexts, Stojanović built his own poetic cosmogony. For that reason, writer and critic, David Kecman, described him as a cosmosophist. In his poems, he covers the smallest and the largest topics with equal attention, often juxtaposing them to the level of paradox and absurdity, gradually building new perspectives and meanings that are not only poetic either in origin or in purpose. Some themes and preoccupations, be they stones or galaxies, are present in all of his books and it can be said that his poetry books are, in themselves, long poems and that all of them serve as ingredients of a hyper-poetry book that is still in the making. He used many poetic forms never used before in Serbian poetry and also created some new forms. "If elegance is represented by simplicity, then these are some of the most elegant verses imaginable," Branko Mikasinovich stated. Published works The majority of Stojanović's poems, initially written in Serbian and compiled into six volumes of poetry, have been translated into English and a selection of his poems has been translated into French. Poetry (1993) Krugovanje: 1978–1987; English translation: Circling: 1978–1987, Pub: Narodna knjiga, Alpha University, Belgrade (1998) Krugovanje – 2nd edition; English translation: Circling: 1978–1987 – 2nd edition, Pub: Narodna knjiga, Alpha University, Belgrade (1999) Sunce sebe gleda; English translation: The Sun Watches the Sun, Pub: Književna reč, Belgrade (2000) Znak i njegova deca; English translation: The Sign and its Children, Pub: Prosveta, Belgrade (2000) Oblik; English translation: The Shape, Pub: Gramatik, Podgorica; republished in English by New Avenue Books (14 July 2012) (2000) Tvoritelj, English translation: The Creator, Pub: Narodna knjiga, Alpha University, Belgrade (2000) Krugovanje – 3rd edition; English translation: Circling – 3rd edition, Pub: Narodna knjiga, Alpha University, Belgrade (2007) Ples vremena; English translation: Dance of Time, Pub: Konras, Belgrade Interviews (1999) Conversations, Pub: Književna reč, Belgrade English translations from Serbian (21 May 2012) Circling: 1978-1987, Pub: New Avenue Books. ASIN B0089VHNCA (ebook) (13 June 2012) The Sun Watches the Sun, Pub: New Avenue Books. ASIN B008BCY988 (ebook) (17 June 2012) The Creator, Pub: New Avenue Books. ASIN B008CCH646 (ebook) (11 July 2012) The Sign and Its Children, Pub: New Avenue Books. ASIN B008KFP1WY (ebook) (14 July 2012) The Shape, Pub: New Avenue Books. ASIN B008LGAFUK (ebook) References External links Category:1959 births Category:Living people Category:American people of Serbian descent Category:Serbian journalists Category:Serbian emigrants to the United States Category:Kosovo Serbs Category:Serbs of Montenegro Category:Montenegrin writers Category:Montenegrin poets Category:Serbian poets Category:Writers from Chicago Category:20th-century Serbian philosophers Category:Articles containing Serbian-language text Category:People from Peć	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Q: Splice array of objects by max-length There's an array of objects like var a =[ {type: 't1', value: 'x1'}, {type: 't1', value: 'x2'}, {type: 't1', value: 'x3'}, {type: 't1', value: 'x4'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x5'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x1'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x2'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x3'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x4'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x5'}] How to slice/splice/filter this array to make it return say first 3 items of type t1 and first 4 items of t2? A: You can use filter() and then slice(). Pass 0 and number of items to slice() as parameters var a =[ {type: 't1', value: 'x1'}, {type: 't1', value: 'x2'}, {type: 't1', value: 'x3'}, {type: 't1', value: 'x4'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x5'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x1'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x2'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x3'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x4'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x5'}] function items(type,num){ return a.filter(x => x.type === type).slice(0,num); } console.log(items('t1',3)); console.log(items('t2',4)); A: Use filter followed by slice: const a = [ {type: 't1', value: 'x1'}, {type: 't1', value: 'x2'}, {type: 't1', value: 'x3'}, {type: 't1', value: 'x4'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x5'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x1'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x2'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x3'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x4'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x5'} ]; const t1 = a.filter(x => x.type === 't1').slice(0, 3); const t2 = a.filter(x => x.type === 't2').slice(0, 4); console.log(t1); console.log(t2); Or use reduce: const a = [ {type: 't1', value: 'x1'}, {type: 't1', value: 'x2'}, {type: 't1', value: 'x3'}, {type: 't1', value: 'x4'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x5'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x1'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x2'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x3'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x4'}, {type: 't2', value: 'x5'} ]; const getByType = (arr, prop, num) => arr.reduce(([out, i], x) => (match = x.type === prop, [ match && i < num ? [...out, x] : out, match ? i + 1 : i ]), [[], 0])[0]; console.log(getByType(a, 't1', 3)); console.log(getByType(a, 't2', 4));	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Categories EVENTS LSE Student Union: Can we have a resolution on Christianity-phobia, Atheism-phobia and Judaism-phobia too? I ask that the LSE Student Union hold another Emergency meeting to issue a resolution on Judaism-phobia, Christianity-phobia and Atheism-phobia. If criticising Islam is racist and discriminatory, well why not the criticism of Judaism, Christianity, or Atheism? I feel left out and to be honest – slightly offended… Here’s what the resolution on Christianity-phobia would look like. [This is the SU’s original resolution; I have just exchanged the two terms. The comments in brackets are my own]. No to racism – no to Christianityphobia! Union notes 1. The rise of Christianityphobia in the United Kingdom and world-wide 2. The rise of the extreme right in Europe [including Islamism, which is a far-Right movement] 3. The Christianityphobic offences internationally 4. Recent Christianityphobic incidents at LSE. [The Jesus and Mo cartoon will suffice as evidence] Union believes 1. In the right to criticise religion, 2. In freedom of speech and thought, 3. It has a responsibility to protect its members from hate crime and hate speech, 4. Debate on religious matters should not be limited by what may be offensive to any particular religion, but the deliberate and persistent targeting of one religious group about any issue with the intent or effect of being Christianity-phobic (as defined below) will not be tolerated. 5. That Christianity-phobia is a form of anti-Christian racism. Union resolves 1. To define Christianity-phobia as “a form of racism expressed through the hatred or fear of Christianity, Christians, or Christian culture, and the stereotyping, demonisation or harassment of Christians, including but not limited to portraying Christian as barbarians or terrorists, or attacking the Bible as a manual of hatred”, 2. To take a firm stance against all Christianity-phobic incidents at LSE and conduct internal investigations if and when they occur. 3. To publicly oppose actions on campus that are Christianity-phobic based on the aforementioned definition, 4. To ensure that all Christianity-phobic incidents aimed at or perpetrated by LSE students either verbal, physical or online are dealt with swiftly and effectively in conjunction with the School, 5. To work with the Pro-Director for Teaching and Learning and Deans to address Christianity-phobic and other forms of racism on campus and methods to alleviate it, 6. To ensure that this definition is used to promote and enhance legitimate debate regarding the morality and legitimacy of international conflicts and oppose illegitimate acts of on campus. To be completely fair we should note that the Jesus and Mo author has also made jokes about Hinduism and Mormons. And atheists! Mind you, the LSE committee, despite almost all of them describing themselves as atheists, don’t seem so encouraging to the idea that atheists should be allowed to organize on campus. Here’s a Tweet from the 17th of January from their anti-Racism officer Sherelle Davids: “As an atheist myself, I have concluded an atheist society is an unnecessary concept and goes against everything I understand atheism to be.” So much for the idea of providing “safe spaces” for people to interact with like-minded individuals. If that is coming from the one person on campus who should be most keyed in to the idea of supporting people who might face bigotry then what hope is there for the rest of them? Out of the approx. 20 candidates running for student union positions last year, seven complaints were made regarding campaigning. Out of these 7, FOUR complaints were about Sherelle Davids the LSE SU Anti-Racism Officer. Here are my two favourite: Complaint five: “One of the campaigners for Sherelle Davids shouted that the candidate she was supporting was the best as ‘she [Sherelle] was not racist’.” (Her team actually accused the fellow Anti-Racism candidate of racism). Complaint six: “It is alleged that Sherelle Davids campaign team were accusing a fellow campaigner of institutional racism in his professional capacity as a police officer.” According to this girl, everyone is a racist. Everyone. Even the chairs and tables would probably be accused of racism. (especially if the chairs and tables were atheists.) Nice agenda Maryam, but you should have sub-clauses for the prodestants, anglicans, catholics, greek orthodox, lutherans, jehovah’s witnesses, wesleyists and plymouth brethren. Then when we have free-speech exceptions to that lot, there are the hindus, jews, buddhists, shintoists, druids and I’m sure that there are still worshippers of mithras, zeus, oh and all the egyptian gods, oh and of course all those african ones and the nordic ones. Just hope you don’t leave anyone out, that presumably would be racist in itself from the dictionary according to LSE. PS and I completely forgot the most important one, the flying spaghetti monster, sorry FSM. I started a Reformed* Dionysian cult for Halloween once… anyone complaining about drunken, disorderly or promiscuous behavior is attacking my religion. Racists! You don’t actually have to believe in any gods, just like to party. Or get drunk. Or have sex just for fun, preferably with a stranger. If you buy someone else a drink and/or flirt with strangers, you’re a missionary. So;if a non-muslim points to the Q’uran saying “you shall kill the unbelievers where you find them” you are a racist, but if a Muslim parrots the same quote he is legitimately following his faith by quoting from a sacred, unassailable source? That’s what it looks like. In fact if said muslim then carries out a murder according to his old book, it would then be racist to mention it. Of course, pointing out the same passage (in meaning) in the christian bible is perfectly ok. Well it is until Maryam’s agenda gets passed. Actually, while they are at this changing definition business, could they vote on getting pi to equal 3. I think any pretense of a “Cinderella Test” isn’t going to work here at least for the student unions. In the hurt game there are some groups that are expected to rise above everything, while others need rise above nothing. Atheists and Humanists are “expected” to be members of the new white privilege and as such don’t enjoy the franchise of offense or being a favored class of a protected group. We can claim offense until the cows come home. We may even engage on “direct action” but it will not work for us. We are bad mean white males (especially* the middle eastern girls like Namazie! Those are the worst). And that makes us the problem that needs to be shut up. However… In all seriousness, I think using the Cinderalla Test and claiming legitimate offense (and there is some to be had here) is effective but only in demonstrating to external legal authorities that Atheists are indeed being discriminated against as Atheists. If it is an actionable offense to question or challenge any given religion, then not only are LSE and UCL violating core elements of academic freedom but are also likely engaging in viewpoint discrimination against a Atheist as a member of a distinguishable class. And I suspect that that is, itself, actionable in a court – as opposed to a politicized echo chamber of student union politics. The genuine atheist is essentially a disbeliever of religious dogma. Here are some of the christian dogma that the genuine atheist does not believe:1. That a couple hundred years ago there was a wise old man called God who lived way up in the sky in a place called Heaven.2. That this old man got up one morning without anything to do and decided to make human beings out of dust.2. That this old man came down on earth and impregnated a young Palestinian woman named Mary. He named his son Jesus.3. That there is life after death. If you praise this old man during your life, when you die he will send you to Heaven where you will be served by young virgins called angels.4. That if you disobey him during your life, when you die he will send you to a place call Hell where you will burn forever. Atheism Corner Atheism currently generates a lot of headlines, mainly due to the charismatic and vocal nature of its main proponents, men such as Richard Dawkins and the late Christopher Hitchens. The atheist stance in some ways can be explained as a natural response to the fundamentalism and superstition which has dogged the steps of many healthy religions. But a fundamentalist approach to life is an attempt to find security, and is a trait of many minds, not only the devout. In a world where nature always has suprises for the intellect, there can be very little security which is not short lived, but the effort is made in spite of all the evidence, as shown by the famous atheist Sam Harris, who states: “The link between belief and behavior raises the stakes considerably. Some propositions are so dangerous that it may be ethical to kill people for believing them. This may seem an extraordinary claim, but it merely enunciates an ordinary fact about the world in which we live.” (..Sam Harris, The End of Faith) Atheism has a role in forcing religions to account for themselves to the modern intellect, something easily done once rid of superstition and dogma. There are many individuals who consider themselves atheists because no satisfactory explanation of religion, spirituality, or divinity has ever been presented to them. The awkward fact, as shown by Harris, and the equally zealous Richard Dawkins is that the fundamentalist demands their certainty be adopted by others, so while supposedly rallying troops to fight against fundamentalism on one front, they are quite prepared to kill for it on another. For, at present, the loudest voices speaking on behalf of atheism trot out a crude nineteenth century positivism, a rewarmed (but far more conservative) version of Symes’ freethought. Meanwhile, the atheist Left seems entirely silent. Where, for instance, are the interventions from progressives as the Global Atheist Convention conducts a session lauding Hitchens’ career under the title ‘A Life Well Lived’? Will anyone point out that the author of God is Not Great devoted his well-lived life to apologetics for a military campaign that led to the deaths of perhaps a million people? For progressives, should the devastation of Iraq not matter at least as much as Hichens’ reputation as a witty conversationalist? (..Jeff Sparrow, The Weaponsation of Atheism, Counterpunch) As the stunning nanotechnology within biology is uncovered, as the vastness of the Universe opens up in astronomy, and as the subatomic world takes on beauty, strangeness and charm in the world of physics, the world makes a far more marvellous impact on the mind than even the most fervent evangelist of the past could have hoped to achieve. Some of the main platforms of atheism are easily dismissed – such as the idea that the backwards facing retina is an aberration [The Willing Pupil] or that complexity can have arisen by chance in a Universe only fourteen billion years old [To Be or Not To Be]. It can also be shown that far from being an irrelevant question of personal choice, materialism actually has a destructive effect on the genetics, and on the mirror neurons within the brain. The late Christopher Hitchens provides the most obvious example, a celebrity atheist as famous for boosting wars as for baiting clerics. Liberal admirers often mentally separated the atheistic Hitchens from the political Hitchens but in reality the two personas were inseparable. When, notoriously, he lauded Bush’s cluster bombs, he did so – typically – by combining his two passions. ‘Those steel pellets will go straight through somebody,’ he chuckled, ‘and out the other side and through somebody else. So they won’t be able to say, “Ah, I was bearing a Koran over my heart and guess what, the missile stopped halfway through.” No way, ’cause it’ll go straight through that as well. They’ll be dead, in other words.’ (..Jeff Sparrow) Further articles showing the natural emergence of concepts of divinity in all ages and societies, the inseperable link between creative genius and spirituality, the beneficial biological effects of spiritual disciplines on the cortex and in reducing age-related brain shrinkage, on serotonin and telomerase production, and on the brain in general, and the incontrovertible link between spiritual practices and evolution, are listed on the Spirituality and the Brain page. To Be or Not To Be The Willing Pupil After Atheism Darwinism’s Little Problem: Eugenics Scientific Proof of God! Why Not? Materialism Damages Mirror Neurons The Dawkins Delusion Why Materialism is Failing as a Worldview Do Atheists Have a Soul? Cern, The Pope, and Bitter Atheism Alien and Earthly Rubbish I Met a Superstitious Fanatic! An excellent critique of the new athism, or the gnu atheism (I also don’t know what the difference is) and its puzzling idea of adopting ten commandments proposed by Dawkins, is provided by Theodore Dalrymple in the esteemed City Journal: The thinness of the new atheism is evident in its approach to our civilization, which until recently was religious to its core. To regret religion is, in fact, to regret our civilization and its monuments, its achievements, and its legacy. And in my own view, the absence of religious faith, provided that such faith is not murderously intolerant, can have a deleterious effect upon human character and personality. If you empty the world of purpose, make it one of brute fact alone, you empty it (for many people, at any rate) of reasons for gratitude, and a sense of gratitude is necessary for both happiness and decency. For what can soon, and all too easily, replace gratitude is a sense of entitlement. Without gratitude, it is hard to appreciate, or be satisfied with, what you have: and life will become an existential shopping spree that no product satisfies. While Jeff Sparrow in Australia finds the aggression of the militant atheists counterproductive, especially if their hope is for any kind of better world: It would be hard to better this conclusion about the role of religion in aiding mental stability and even survival for those who face suffering on Earth: If, then, you wanted to understand the role of religion in Iraq or Afghanistan, simply assessing the truth claims in the Koran does not get you very far – indeed, in some ways, it’s almost a category error. Islam, like all religions, functions on many different levels. It offers, for instance, meaning to people subjected to death and suffering often inflicted by the advanced countries of the West. It provides charity where no social services exist; it gives voice to nationalist resistance in nations where the secular Left was widely discredited by its Stalinism. And it does many other things besides. But his overall conclusion is better and more concise than anything I could think up: That doesn’t mean that leftwing atheists should hide their views about God. It’s simply that say that we’re far more likely to win people from religion by working alongside them against the forces of oppression in this world – and thus showing them in practice that religious consolations aren’t necessary – rather than by dismissing them as dupes and stooges. If religion is a social phenomenon, it will persist so long as social conditions render it necessary. That’s why the defeat of the atheist Right, and the revival of an atheist Left, matters so much. Denouncing God is easy. What’s harder – and much more important – is creating a world that no longer has need of Him. Like this:Like Loading… 4 Responses to Atheism Corner Brandon says: December 3, 2011 at 01:52 You sir or ma’am are amazing. This site has so many articles and I have just touched the tip of the iceberg. You have increased my faith so much and you have flawlessly defended all faiths. I pray that you receive the most high Gods blessing. I am not sure if this site is still being updated but I hope it is and it seems that way. Peace and Blessings! Reply iain carstairs says: December 3, 2011 at 07:30 It sure is! I also had an interview with the Flying Spaghetti Monster – it’s surprising, as he has a lot to say about the need for internalising spiritual symbols. I hope I can do justice to the excitement when I post what he had to say. I’m working on another post about the Greek gods, and every day seems to bring some new development in neuroscience. So I think there’ll be no shortage of posts – hopefully you can read faster than I write. Many thanks for your kind comments! The genuine atheist is essentially a disbeliever of religious dogma. Here are some of the Christian Dogma that the genuine atheist does not believe: 1. That a couple hundred years ago there was a wise old man called God who lived way up in the sky in a place called Heaven. 2. That this old man got up one morning without anything to do and decided to make human beings out of dust. 3. That this old man came down on earth and impregnated a young Palestinian woman named Mary. He named his son Jesus. 4. That there is life after death. If you praise this old man during your life, when you die he will send you to Heaven where you will be served by young virgins called angels. 5. That if you disobey him during your life, when you die he will send you to a place call Hell where you will burn forever.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Le mansplaining à l’ère de l’urgence climatique…	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
The objective of these analyses is to identify interacting influences of family relationships and conditions that enter into the child's early experience. Of special interest are the mutual contributions of mother and child to relationships that damage or facilitate the child's development. Outcomes of children with early secure and insecure attachments were significantly modified by the other coexisting stressful or nonstressful relationships. In stressed contexts of maternal psychopathology and losses of significant persons, secure attachment was not a sufficient buffer against the child's later development of affective problems. Losses of significant persons had a main effect on children's subsequent depressed affect and disruptive behavior. When relationships between severely depressed mothers and their young children were characterized by very high mutual investment and dependence on each other, children were more likely to exhibit depressed affect in later years.	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Q: Random Number Generator I need to write a program in Java to generate random numbers within the range [0,1] using the formula: Xi = (aXi-1 + b) mod m assuming any fixed int values of a, b & m and X0 = 0.5 (ie i=0) How do I go about doing this? i tried doing this but it's obviously wrong: int a = 25173, b = 13849, m = 32768; double X_[i]; for (int i = 1; i<100; i++) X_[i] = (a(X_[i]-1) + b) % m; double X_[0] = 0.5; double double = new double(); System.out.println [new double]; A: Here are some hints: int a, d, m, x; Multiplication is and mod is %. update Okay, I'll give you a little more of a hint. You only need one X, you don't need all these arrays; since you're only using integers you don't need any floats or doublts. The important line of code will be x = (a * x + b) % m ; You don't need another x there because the x on the right hand side of the = is the OLD x, or xi-1; the one on the left side will be your "new" x, or xi. Now, from there, you need to write the Java wrapper that will let you make that a method, which means writing a class. A: Sounds like homework... so I won't give you a solution in code. Anyways you need a linear congruential generator. HINT: You need to write that mathematical formula as a function. Steps: Make a class. Add the required state as member to the class. Make a function within the class. Have it take input as necessary. Write the formula for the congruential generator in Java (look up math operations in Java). Return the result. My Java is rusty, so I can't say I'm sure about this but these are probably errors: int a = 25173, b = 13849, m = 32768; double X_[i];//You need to define a constant array or use perhaps a list, you can't use i without defining it for (int i = 1; i<100; i++) X_[i] = (a*(X_[i]-1) + b) % m; double X_[0] = 0.5; double double = new double(); //You can't name a variable double, also types like double, don't need to be newed (I think) System.out.println [new double]; //println uses () not [], in Java I think all functions need to use (), its not implied	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Filed 7/31/19 CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT DIVISION ONE L’CHAIM HOUSE, INC. et al., Plaintiffs and Appellants, A152975 v. DIVISION OF LABOR STANDARDS (Sonoma County ENFORCEMENT, Super. Ct. No. SCV-259820) Defendant and Respondent. Plaintiffs L’Chaim House, Inc. and its owner, Cary Kopstein (collectively, L’Chaim), operate residential care homes for seniors. L’Chaim was cited for wage and hour violations by defendant Division of Labor Standards Enforcement (DLSE). After an unsuccessful administrative appeal, L’Chaim initiated this action by filing a petition for a writ of administrative mandamus under Code of Civil Procedure section 1094.5, which the trial court denied. On appeal, L’Chaim claims that under the applicable Industrial Welfare Commission (IWC) wage order, it may require its employees to work “on-duty” meal periods that, unlike periods when employees are “relieved of all duty,” do not need to be at least 30 minutes long. (IWC wage order No. 5-2001 (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 8, § 11050) (hereafter Wage Order No. 5), subd. (11)(A), (E).) We hold that, to the contrary, L’Chaim must provide meal periods of at least 30 minutes, regardless of whether they are on-duty or off-duty, under Wage Order No. 5 and the applicable statutory law. We therefore affirm. 1 I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND Because this appeal presents a pure question of law, we need not discuss the underlying facts in detail. Briefly, in February 2016, the DLSE issued wage and penalty citations to L’Chaim, which operates two 24-hour residential care homes in San Rafael for seniors. The citations were for, among other things, failing to provide 30-minute meal periods under Wage Order No. 5, which governs the public housekeeping industry. A hearing officer affirmed the citations, which included a total of approximately $89,000 in premium-pay and penalty assessments under Labor Code sections 226.7 and 558 for failure to provide 30-minute meal periods to employees. 1 In December 2016, L’Chaim filed the instant action, challenging only the conclusion that it failed to provide meal periods as required. The following September, the trial court denied the writ petition. It concluded that even though L’Chaim was authorized to provide on-duty, as opposed to off-duty, meal periods to its employees, those meal periods still had to be at least 30 minutes long. II. DISCUSSION A. The Standard of Review and Governing Law. A writ of administrative mandamus may be sought on the basis that the agency engaged in a “prejudicial abuse of discretion. Abuse of discretion is established if the [agency] has not proceeded in the manner required by law.” (Code Civ. Proc., § 1094.5, subd. (b).) “Generally, whether an agency has proceeded lawfully is a legal question that the trial court and appellate court both review de novo.” (Stewart Enterprises, Inc. v. City of Oakland (2016) 248 Cal.App.4th 410, 420.) We agree with the parties that L’Chaim’s sole claim—that the on-duty meal breaks authorized by subdivision 11(E) of Wage Order No. 5 do not need to be least 30 minutes long—presents an issue of statutory 1 All further statutory references are to the Labor Code unless otherwise noted. 2 interpretation that we review de novo. (See Robertson v. Health Net of California, Inc. (2005) 132 Cal.App.4th 1419, 1425.) “We apply the usual rules of statutory interpretation to the Labor Code, beginning with and focusing on the text as the best indicator of legislative purpose. [Citation.] ‘[I]n light of the remedial nature of the legislative enactments authorizing the regulation of wages, hours[,] and working conditions for the protection and benefit of employees, the statutory provisions are to be liberally construed with an eye to promoting such protection.’ ” (Brinker Restaurant Corp. v. Superior Court (2012) 53 Cal.4th 1004, 1026–1027 (Brinker).) Similarly, when, as here, “a wage order’s validity and application are conceded and the question is only one of interpretation, the usual rules of statutory interpretation apply,” and the wage order “must be interpreted in the manner that best effectuates [the] . . . intent [to protect workers].” (Id. at p. 1027.) “To the extent a wage order and a statute overlap, we will seek to harmonize them, as we would with any two statutes.” (Ibid.) Wage Order No. 5, subdivision 11(A) provides, “No employer shall employ any person for a work period of more than five (5) hours without a meal period of not less than 30 minutes, except that when a work period of not more than six (6) hours will complete the day’s work the meal period may be waived by mutual consent of the employer and the employee. Unless the employee is relieved of all duty during a 30 minute meal period, the meal period shall be considered an ‘on duty’ meal period and counted as time worked. An ‘on duty’ meal period shall be permitted only when the nature of the work prevents an employee from being relieved of all duty and when by written agreement between the parties an on-the-job paid meal period is agreed to. The written agreement shall state that the employee may, in writing, revoke the agreement at any time.” Subdivision 11(E) of Wage Order No. 5 creates an exception for “employees of 24 hour residential care facilities for the elderly,” which the DLSE concedes applies to L’Chaim’s employees. Under that provision, such employees “may be required to work on-duty meal periods without penalty when necessary to meet regulatory or approved 3 program standards and one of the following two conditions is met: [¶] (1) [¶] (a) The residential care employee[] eats with residents during residents’ meals and the employer provides the same meal at no charge to the employee; or [¶] (b) The employee is in sole charge of the resident(s) and, on the day shift, the employer provides a meal at no charge to the employee.” (Wage Order No. 5, subd. 11(E).) In 1999, the Legislature regulated meal periods for the first time by passing section 512, which “made meal periods a statutory as well as a wage order obligation.” (Brinker, supra, 53 Cal.4th at pp. 1036–1037.) Before that, “an employer’s meal periods were governed solely by the language of the IWC’s wage orders.” (Id. at p. 1034.) “The declared intent in enacting section 512,” which was done in response to the IWC’s “weakening of employee protections” in certain wage orders, “was not to revise existing meal period rules but to codify them in part.” (Id. at pp. 1037–1038.) Under the statute, “[a]n employer shall not employ an employee for a work period of more than five hours per day without providing the employee with a meal period of not less than 30 minutes, except that if the total work period per day of the employee is no more than six hours, the meal period may be waived by mutual consent of both the employer and employee.” (§ 512, subd. (a).) 2 B. The On-duty Meal Periods Authorized by Subdivision 11(E) Must Be at Least 30 Minutes Long. L’Chaim’s claim that it does not have to provide on-duty meal periods that are 30 minutes long rests on a fundamental misreading of subdivision 11 of Wage Order No. 5. As noted above, subdivision 11(A) states that “[u]nless the employee is relieved of all duty during a 30 minute meal period, the meal period shall be considered an ‘on duty’ meal period and counted as time worked.” L’Chaim interprets this language to “contemplate[] instances where an employee’s meal period may be less than 30 minutes,” in which case subdivision 11(A) “does not extend the meal period until a full 2 Effective January 1, 2019, the word “shall” was substituted for “may” (Stats. 2018, ch. 48, § 1), but the quoted language has otherwise remained the same since 1999. (See Stats. 1999, ch. 134, § 6; Brinker, supra, 53 Cal.4th at p. 1037, fn. 16.) 4 uninterrupted 30 minutes is realized” or “require a tolling of the 30-minute meal period while the employee carries out some of his or her duties.” We do not follow this reasoning. If an employee is entitled to an off-duty meal period of 30 minutes, yet work obligations intrude on a portion of that time, the off-duty period is converted to an on- duty period—no matter how small the portion of the period that work intruded upon— and the employee is paid for the entire period. There is no suggestion that once work interrupts an employee’s meal period, the period simply ends even if 30 minutes have not yet passed. Thus, we cannot agree with L’Chaim that the trial court’s determination that its employees are entitled to an on-duty meal period of at least 30 minutes equates to an “imputation of a 30-minute uninterrupted meal period into an ‘on-duty’ meal period.” The court’s order says no such thing. Instead, it merely concludes that an employee subject to subdivision 11(E) is still entitled to a 30-minute meal period even though that meal period may be on-duty instead of off-duty. What L’Chaim misunderstands is that an on-duty meal period is not the functional equivalent of no meal period at all. On-duty meal periods are an intermediate category requiring more of employees than off-duty meal periods but less of employees than their normal work. Recognizing this, the trial court stated that even if L’Chaim’s employees were not entitled to “an uninterrupted meal period,” they “may at least be afforded 30[] minutes of limited duty enabling them to eat their meal in relative peace.” L’Chaim attacks the notion that its “employees may be given ‘limited duty’ while on a meal break” as creating “several absurd consequences.” According to L’Chaim, because employees do not clock out for on-duty meal periods, there is no way to track the length of those periods. In addition, “the creation of a new ‘limited duty’ requirement to [Wage Order No. 5, subdivision 11(E)] would force employers to delineate which tasks an employee is expected to perform during his or her on-duty meal period,” which L’Chaim claims “would be difficult and even potentially dangerous for the residents.” But any such practical challenges are inherent in providing “on-duty meal periods” at all, not just periods of a particular length. Moreover, the question presented here is 5 whether an on-duty meal period must be at least 30 minutes long, not how courts might evaluate the adequacy of the period under different factual scenarios. Thus, while we do not address what constitutes an acceptable on-duty meal period in the context of this case, what we can say is that employees of 24-hour residential care facilities for seniors are unambiguously entitled to “on-duty meal periods” under subdivision 11(E). L’Chaim’s interpretation would effectively read that requirement out of Wage Order No. 5. L’Chaim also seizes on broad language in an appellate decision and a DLSE opinion letter that it claims supports its position. In Palacio v. Jan & Gail’s Care Homes, Inc. (2015) 242 Cal.App.4th 1133 (Palacio), the Fifth District Court of Appeal considered the interplay between subdivisions 11(A) and 11(E). Subdivision 11(A) is a general provision that allows employers and employees to agree that meal periods will be on-duty and to revoke these voluntary agreements at any time. (Palacio, at p. 1139.) Subdivision 11(E), in contrast, “enables employers to require employees to work on-duty meal periods, provided certain conditions are met.” (Ibid.) The Palacio employer required its employees to work on-duty meal periods under subdivision 11(E) and to sign agreements waiving their right to off-duty meal periods. Palacio held that the employer “was not obligated to comply with subdivision 11(A)” by including a provision in the agreements giving the employees the right to revoke them. (Palacio, at pp. 1140–1141.) Similarly, in an October 17, 2016 opinion letter, the DLSE responded to the question “whether a meal period waiver is required to be signed by employees exempt from duty free meal periods under [subdivision 11(E)]” by reference to Palacio. The letter characterized Palacio as holding that the right-to-revoke language is not required in such a waiver “because if a care home meets the requirements of [subdivision] 11(E) it does not also need to comply with [subdivision] 11(A).” L’Chaim argues that the statements in Palacio and the DLSE opinion letter establish that an employer whose employees are covered by Wage Order No. 5, subdivision 11(E) are exempt from complying with any part of subdivision 11(A), including the requirement that meal periods be at least 30 minutes long. We would have to read these statements wholly divorced from their context to accept L’Chaim’s 6 interpretation, and we decline to do so. Subdivision 11(E) creates an exception to subdivision 11(A) by authorizing an employer to mandate on-duty meal periods without the need to reach a revocable waiver agreement with its employees, and Palacio addressed only the portion of subdivision 11(A) that subdivision 11(E) purports to affect, the portion governing waivers of off-duty meal periods. (See Palacio, supra, 242 Cal.App.4th at p. 1139.) It is axiomatic that “ ‘cases are not authority for propositions not considered.’ ” (City of Bellflower v. Cohen (2016) 245 Cal.App.4th 438, 452.) The only reasonable reading of Palacio’s statement is that if a care home meets the requirements of subdivision 11(E) it does not also need to comply with the portion of subdivision 11(A) governing waivers of off-duty meal periods, not subdivision 11(A) as a whole. Finally, even if any doubt remained, we agree with the DLSE that section 512 compels the same conclusion. Under that statute, which L’Chaim does not address in its briefing, an employer is prohibited from “employ[ing] an employee for a work period of more than five hours per day without providing the employee with a meal period of not less than 30 minutes,” unless the employee works no more than six hours in a day and agrees to waive the meal period. (§ 512, subd. (a).) Although section 512 contains exceptions for workers in several industries, none of them apply here. And although the IWC has broad authority to “adopt or amend working condition orders with respect to . . . meal periods . . . for any workers in California consistent with the health and welfare of those workers,” at all relevant times—including when subdivision 11(E) was added to Wage Order No. 5—that authority has been specifically limited “as provided in Section 512.” (§ 516, subd. (a); see Gerard v. Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center (2018) 6 Cal.5th 443, 454–455 [post-2000, IWC cannot “deviate from the meal period requirements of section 512”]; Official Notice, Amends. to §§ 3, 11, 12 of Wage Order No. 5 (Oct. 29, 2001).) Thus, absent a waiver, the statute’s plain terms required L’Chaim to provide “a meal period”—whether off-duty or on-duty—of at least 30 minutes any time an employee worked at least five hours. 7 III. DISPOSITION The judgment is affirmed. Respondent is awarded its costs on appeal. 8 _________________________ Humes, P. J. WE CONCUR: _________________________ Margulies, J. _________________________ Banke, J. L’Chaim House et al. v. Department of Labor Standards Enforcement A152975 9 CONCURRENCE OF BANKE, J. Although I concur in the majority’s opinion, I write separately to emphasize what an exceptionally poor vehicle this case is to discuss the parameters of a lawful “on-duty” meal period and to underscore the narrowness of our holding. First, the employer never raised, until well after the eleventh hour, any exception to the general rule that employees must be provided unpaid, 30-minute “off-duty” meal periods every five hours. 1 (See Gerard, supra, 6 Cal.5th at p. 446 [“Labor Code generally provides that employees who work more than five hours must be provided with a 30-minute meal period”].) The employer raised no exception during the months-long audit, and the citation issued by the Division of Labor Standards Enforcement (DLSE) alleged violations of the general rule, i.e., failing to provide 30-minute “off-duty” meal periods. The employer invoked no exception in response, and instead, requested a hearing. The DLSE then tried the case as one where employees were entitled to, but not provided with, uninterrupted 30-minute “off-duty” meal periods, during which they were free to leave the premises. (See Brinker Restaurant Corp. v. Superior Court (2012) 53 Cal.4th 1004, 1035–1040 (Brinker).) The DLSE thus made a well-focused evidentiary presentation that, during the audit period, the employer had no meal period policies at all, 1 DLSE wage order No. 5-2001 (Wage Order No. 5) provides three exceptions. The first, set forth in subdivision (11)(A), applies when “the nature of the work prevents an employee from being relieved of all duty,” the employee agrees in writing to “on-the- job” paid meal periods, and the agreement specifies the employee can revoke the agreement at anytime. (See, e.g., Lubin v. The Wackenhut Corp. (2016) 5 Cal.App.5th 926, 942–943 (Lubin) [discussing the “nature of the work exception”].) The second exception, set forth in Wage Order No. 5, subdivision (11)(D), applies to health care workers who work longer than an eight-hour shift and allows these employees to “waive” their “right to one of their two meal periods,” if they do so in writing and the employee can revoke the waiver on one day’s notice. (See, e.g., Gerard v. Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center (2018) 6 Cal.5th 443 (Gerard) [upholding waiver exception].) The third exception, set forth in Wage Order No. 5, subdivision (11)(E), and the exception at issue here, applies to employees of certain 24 hour residential care facilities, including for seniors, and has a number of requirements as discussed in subsequent paragraphs. (See, e.g., Palacio v. Jan & Gail’s Care Homes, Inc. (2015) 242 Cal.App.4th 1133, 1138–1141 (Palacio) [discussing 24 hour residential care facility exception].) 1 employees did not have uninterrupted half hour meal periods, and employees were not free to leave the premises during meal periods. The employer’s defense was not that any exception to the general rule applied. Rather, the employer maintained employees could, in fact, take 30-minute “off-duty” meal periods and the fact they did not avail themselves of the opportunity could not, under Brinker, subject the employer to liability. Accordingly, the employer focused its evidentiary presentation on trying to undermine the testimony of the two employees who had been called as DLSE witnesses, by calling three other employees who claimed they had ample time to eat and rest, and they could have departed the premises had they desired or needed to do so. In other words, the employer’s defense—that, in fact, employees could take uninterrupted 30-minute “off- duty” meal periods—was wholly inconsistent with the invocation of any exception to the general rule. It was not until a month after the hearing had concluded and the matter submitted for decision, that the employer first raised the 24 hour residential care facility exception, citing to Palacio (which had been decided more than nine months earlier). In a letter to the hearing officer, the employer asked to “re-open[]” the “evidence.” After the employer sent a second such letter, the DLSE opposed the request to reopen as being too late and not warranted by the evidence. Given this chronology of events, the DLSE agreed at oral argument the judgment could theoretically be affirmed on the ground of forfeiture. Second, since this case was prosecuted and tried as a straightforward “Brinker” case—i.e., that the employees were entitled to, but not provided with, uninterrupted, 30- minute “off-duty” meal periods, during which they were free to leave the premises—and was defended against as such, the employer made no affirmative showing that the 24 hour residential care facility exception applied. (See Lubin, supra, 5 Cal.App.5th at p. 943 [“burden is on the employer to plead and prove facts justifying on-duty meal periods”].) Nor did the hearing officer grant the employer’s belated request to reopen the hearing to present additional evidence. As a consequence, the evidence does not 2 conclusively establish that this exception even applies, let alone suffice for any discussion about the particulars of a lawful “on-duty” meal period under this exception. The employer belatedly urged in the administrative proceedings, and has maintained in these administrative mandamus proceedings, that the record establishes the 24 hour residential care facility exception applies because employees could, without charge, eat the same food they prepared for residents and some employees did so. However, this exception has additional substantive requirements, the first of which is that “on-duty” meal periods are “necessary to meet regulatory or approved program standards.” (Wage Order No. 5, subd. (11)(E).) This threshold requirement is directly at odds, however, with the defense the employer presented—that employees could, in fact, take uninterrupted, 30-minute “off-duty” meal periods. 2 The 24 hour residential care facility exception further requires an employer to establish that one of two additional conditions is met. (Wage Order No. 5, subd. (11)(E).) The first condition an employer can choose to meet can, itself, be met in one of two ways: (a) if the “employees [sic] eats with residents during residents’ meals and the employer provides the same meal at no charge to the employee,” or (b) the employee “is in sole charge of the resident(s)” and “on the day shift, the employer provides a meal at no charge to the employee.” (Id., subd. (11)(E)(1)(a) & (b).) The second condition an employer can choose to meet is providing employees, “except for the night shift,” the “right to have an off-duty meal period” not more than once every two weeks “upon 30 days’ notice.” (Id., subd. (11)(E)(2).) Because the employer made no evidentiary showing as to the applicability of this exception, it did not identify which of these two 2 Although the employer defended on the ground employees could, in fact, take 30-minute “off-duty” meal periods, it did not dispute that only one employee worked the night shift at each of the two small homes (five to six residents) and that the senior residents could not be left unattended—thus, alluding to regulatory controls. That was not the case, however, as to employees on the day shift. At least two employees worked that shift, and often the owner, herself, assisted in the care of residents. The employer therefore maintained these employees could, if they wanted, take an uninterrupted, 30- minute meal period and leave the premises. 3 additional conditions it supposedly met. For example, there is no evidence employees were required to eat with residents during residents’ meals, as required by subdivision (11)(E)(1)(a). There is no evidence any employee on the night shift (the only shift where an employee was in “sole charge” of the residents) understood that “on the day shift” that employee would be provided a meal at no charge, as required by subdivision (11)(E)(1)(b). And there is no evidence employees were aware they had the right to an “off-duty” meal period, not more than once every two weeks, with 30 days notice. (Id., subd. (11)(E)(2).) Accordingly, as the DLSE also agreed at oral argument, given the abysmal state of the evidence as to whether the 24 hour residential care facility exception even applies, the judgment could theoretically also be affirmed on this ground. 3 Third, the absence of a developed evidentiary record makes examination of the nature of lawful “on-duty” meal periods under the 24 hour residential care facility exception virtually impossible. We can point to Brinker as indicating “on-duty” meal periods must, like “off-duty” meal periods, be 30 minutes in length. (Brinker, supra, 53 Cal.4th at p. 1035 [“An on-duty meal period is one in which an employee is not ‘relieved of all duty’ for the entire 30-minute period.”].) But this says next to nothing about the nature of a lawful “on-duty” meal period under any exception to the general rule and, particularly, the 24 hour residential care facility exception. By definition, an employee who “may be [lawfully] required to work on-duty meal periods” (Wage Order No. 5, subd. (11)(E)) continues to have some duties during the meal period and, thus, does not have either an uninterrupted meal period or the unfettered right to leave the premises. Accordingly, in contrast to unpaid, uninterrupted 30-minute, “off-duty” meal periods, during which employees are free to leave the premises—and 3 The hearing officer did not discuss the multiple requirements of the 24 hour residential care facility exception or the evidence pertaining thereto. Rather, concluding a paid “on-duty” meal period must, like an unpaid “off-duty” meal period, be 30 minutes in length (without further discussion or elaboration), the hearing officer pointed to the testimony of the two employees called by the DLSE that they had only 10 to 15 minutes to eat before turning their full attention to other chores, and on the basis of that testimony concluded the employer had not provided adequate meal periods. 4 which are easily measured by “punching in and punching out”—the adequacy of lawful “on-duty” meal periods is not easily evaluated. 4 The very nature of the 24 hour residential care facility exception is illustrative. This exception can apply, for example, as discussed above, where “the residential care employees [sic] eats with residents during the residents’ meals and the employer provides the same meal at no charge to the employee.” (Wage Order No. 5, subd. (11)(E)(1)(a).) This envisions, then, communal dining of employee(s) and residents. Given the nature of 24 hour residential care for seniors, it is inevitable that during such communal meals some residents will need assistance, which could range from pouring a glass of water, to helping to cut food, to escorting a resident to and from the bathroom. If these sorts of duties do not unduly impinge on the opportunity of employees to eat a nutritious meal without being rushed over the course of a half hour, it certainly seems the employees will have been afforded adequate lawful “on-duty” meal periods. On the other hand, if 4 The few DLSE opinion letters addressing “on-duty” meal periods also make clear that, by definition, employees will continue to have some duties during such meal periods and whether an “on-duty” meal period is adequate is a highly fact specific inquiry. (E.g., Dept. Industrial Relations, DLSE Opn. Letter No. 1994.09.28 (Sept. 28, 1994) [“Examples of situations where the nature of the work would require an on-duty lunch would be situations where the employee is the only person employed in the establishment and closing the business would work an undue hardship on the employer; or the continuous operation of machinery requiring monitoring is essential to the business of the employer. In both of these cases, however, it would be necessary to establish that the employee has adequate time to eat while on the job.”]; see The 2002 Update of the DLSE Enforcement Policies and Interpretations Manual (Revised) (Apr. 2017), § 45.2.5 [describing “On-Duty Meal Period” as follows: “Even if all of the circumstances exist to allow an on-duty meal period, the employee must be provided with the opportunity to eat his or her meal while performing the duties required.”]; DLSE Memorandum dated Dec. 23, 1999, p. 8 [“Even though the employee is required to work during the on-duty meal period, the employee must be given the opportunity, while working if necessary, to eat his or her meal. That is what cannot be waived, if the work period exceeds six hours, and if an on-duty meal period has been properly established.”].) In fact, the DLSE has not identified, nor has our research disclosed, any regulatory advisement or other publication actually stating lawful “on-duty” meal periods must be 30 minutes in length, let alone, discussing how the adequacy of such meal periods should be assessed. 5 employees feel pressured to eat meals as quickly as possible and to jump up as soon as they swallow their final bite and turn their full attention to whatever work awaits them, then it would seem the employees have not been afforded adequate “on-duty” meal periods. (See Brinker, supra, 53 Cal.4th at p. 1040 [employer may not, by pressuring employees, “undermine” formal policy of adequate breaks].) And what of an unexpected event during communal dining—for example, a resident suffers a choking or medical emergency requiring the immediate and undivided attention of one or more of the employees? How such an event, which may occur only rarely, impacts the overall adequacy of lawful “on-duty” meal periods in a 24 hour residential facility for seniors is a challenging question. It is also one we cannot, and do not, answer here; rather, it is posed to illustrate the complexity of, and extreme factual specificity of, what will constitute an adequate 30-minute “on-duty” meal period in any particular context. 5 Thus, while the DLSE urged us, at oral argument, to affirm on the ground paid “on-duty” meal periods must be 30 minutes in length and in light of the evidence some employees felt they had to rush through meal periods and return their full attention to 5 There are concomitant record keeping questions. For example, must employees record minutes spent assisting senior residents, for example, in getting a cup of tea, or in cutting their food? This would seem to be unduly burdensome and unreasonable. What about time spent attending to a more unexpected event, like a choking? Again, the point in raising these questions is to underscore that determining the adequacy of lawful half hour “on-duty” meal periods and the sufficiency of records documenting such, is an entirely different, and far more complex, inquiry than that in a case where the general rule applies and employees are entitled to unpaid, uninterrupted 30-minute “off-duty” meal periods during which they are free to leave the premises. It also bears noting that the 24 hour residential care facility exception pertaining to meal periods set forth in Wage Order No. 5, subdivision (11)(E) does not include the “start over” language that appears in the rest period provisions that may, under certain circumstances, apply to such facilities under Wage Order No. 5, subdivision (12)(C), and which states “[a]nother rest period shall be authorized and permitted by the employer when an employee is affirmatively required to interrupt his/her break to respond to the needs of residents.” (See Lab. Code, § 887, subd. (c) [specifying emergency ambulance employees shall remain on call during meal and rest periods, but if employee receives a communication that requires a response, that meal or rest period “shall not be counted towards the meal and rest periods the employee is entitled to” during his or her shift].) 6 work as quickly as possible, it also acknowledged that what constitutes an adequate “on- duty” meal period depends on the particular context and the specific facts, and that this case is not one in which we can bring any further illumination to that complex question. 7 Trial Court: Sonoma County Superior Court Trial Judge: Hon. Rene A. Chouteau Counsel for Plaintiffs and Appellants: Marie Trimble Holvick, Gordon Rees Scully Mansukhani, LLP Sara A. Moore, Gordon Rees Scully Mansukhani, LLP Counsel for Defendant and Respondent: David M. Balter, Division of Labor Standards Enforcement Patricia M. Kelly, Division of Labor Standards Enforcement L’Chaim House et al. v. Department of Labor Standards Enforcement A152975 1	{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }
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Q: AFTER INSERT Trigger not firing I have the below trigger code, which is working for UPDATE, but not INSERT (we get no errors) CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[tr_ClientHistoryTUPEEmployee] ON [dbo].t_HR_TUPEEmployee] AFTER INSERT, UPDATE AS DECLARE @Username int, @Inserted bit, @Deleted bit SELECT @Inserted = 0, @Deleted = 0 DECLARE @fieldId int SELECT @fieldId = FieldID FROM t_ClientHistoryFieldConstants WHERE Descn = 'TUPE Start Date' IF @fieldId IS NULL SET @fieldId = 9999 -- Improper value if field id not found IF EXISTS ( SELECT TOP 1 1 INSERTED ) SET @Inserted = 1 IF EXISTS ( SELECT TOP 1 1 DELETED ) SET @Deleted = 1 --Get username IF CHARINDEX('_',SUSER_SNAME()) = 0 BEGIN SET @Username = CAST(SUSER_SID(SUSER_SNAME()) AS int) END ELSE BEGIN SET @Username = SUBSTRING(SUSER_SNAME(),1,CHARINDEX('_',SUSER_SNAME()) - 1) END IF ( @Username = 1 and SUSER_SNAME()='sa' ) SET @Username = -2 IF ( @Inserted = 1 and @Deleted = 0 ) -- only insert BEGIN INSERT t_ClientHistory (ClientID, FieldID, OldValue, NewValue, ChangeDate, ChangedBy) SELECT ClientID, @fieldId , '', convert(varchar,TUPEStartDate,103) , GetDate(), @Username FROM INSERTED END ELSE IF ( @Inserted = 1 and @Deleted = 1 ) -- update BEGIN INSERT t_ClientHistory (ClientID, FieldID, OldValue, NewValue, ChangeDate, ChangedBy) SELECT DEL.ClientID, @fieldId , IsNull(convert(varchar,DEL.TUPEStartDate,103),'(No Start Date)'), IsNull(convert(varchar,INS.TUPEStartDate,103),'(No Start Date)'), GetDate(), @Username FROM DELETED DEL INNER JOIN INSERTED INS ON ( INS.TUPEID = DEL.TUPEID ) WHERE IsNull( INS.TUPEStartDate,'1900-01-01') != IsNull( DEL.TUPEStartDate,'1900-01-01') END what could I have done here - it compiles ok...no errors A: your delete will be always true IF EXISTS ( SELECT TOP 1 1 DELETED ) SET @Deleted = 1 so this wont work IF ( @Inserted = 1 and @Deleted = 0 ) -- only insert You could use return statements like below --check for updated if exists(select 1 from inserted ) and exists (select from deleted) begin return; end --check for inserted if exists(select 1 from inserted) begin return; end --check for deleted if exists(select 1 from deleted) begin return; end	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Q: .htaccess to load specific index file when url not exist I am updating urls of a project and have this old url: http://www.example.com/phones/index.php This folder phones doesnt exists anymore but I want to catch the old traffic and when someone visits this url I want .htaccess file to load file store.php which is located in the root directory How can I do this with htaccess file so the url in the address bar to stay http://www.example.com/phones/index.php but to load store.php file, Thank you in advance ! A: You can use this code in your DOCUMENT_ROOT/.htaccess file: RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/$1 !-d RewriteRule ^([^/]+)/index\.php$ store.php [L,NC]	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Q: Normal subgroup question/example Give an example(s) of a group $G$ and $H\leq G$ (i.e., $H$ is a subgroup of $G$) where $H$ is not normal in $G$. What about $S_3$ and $\langle(1\;2)\rangle=\{(1),(1\;2)\}$? [Since $(1\;2\;3)(1\;2)(1\;3\;2)=(2\;3)\not\in\langle(1\;2)\rangle$] Does this work? Any other ideas? A: It is not rare to see examples of subgroups of a given group, which are not normal subgroups. I'll give you one from finite groups. Consider this finite group of order $8$, call it $G$. Then $2\in G$ and $H=\{0,1\}$ is a subgroup of $G$. But $H$ is not normal, since $$2H=\{2,4\}\ne\{2,3\}=H2.$$	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
After receiving SO MANY suggestions for Rep. Royce’s report card, coupled with Royce’s recent email to constituents supporting the expansion of the border wall, we have decided to provide him with feedback (regarding his performance during the first 100 days under the current administration) in the form of a large scale, visual, photo-worthy “Border Wall of Shame.” Constituents can contribute to the wall by using the brick template (comments section below) to record their feedback for Royce in a few large colorful words (e.g., “No Town Hall,” “No position on AHCA,” “Calls police on constituents”). We will have copies of the bricks available at the Hundred Days of Action Picnic on 4/30. If you cannot make the picnic or this rally, email your scanned brick to action@indivisibleca39.org. Immediately following this rally at 4:30, in partnership with the Christian Community Development Association, Orange County Immigration Roundtable, Camino Immigration Services, and Solidarity NGO, Indivisible CA39 will be co-sponsoring a Prayer Vigil in support of our immigrant neighbors.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
the harvey girls (she´s reminding me of miss monroe somehow in this pic) with mickey rooney,recording "i wish i were in love again" at the palace,1951.a break during rehearsals the diva with the icomparable spencer tracy behind the scenes on judgment at nuremberg in hollywood.the 2 had been friends since the late 1930s in culver city and the intervening 25 years had brought both them to rarefied pinnacles of respect in their industry....great film,and some of the gretest actors giving singularlyx great performances.montgomery clift made me cry...and judy had almost the same effect... costume test for lily mars relaxing on the set-the harvey girls the tramp __________________"sleep brings no rest to me i only sail a wilder sea a darker wave" -emily bronte- Thanks for all your posts somnambule and ladystardust,And for posting photos ...with comments!!!!Illustrated by Richard Amsel, for "A star is born", I believe..It will gives some colours to this thread(personal scan) copyright Richard Amsel i agree!!i think she´s very underrated,not as a singer or performer but as an actress.i think she´s not really appreciated because she played in light musicals most of the time.but that doesn´t necessarily mean she couldn´t act or wasn´t capable of playing dramatic parts (she has prooved she could at least twice..a star is born,judgment of nuremberg and as i personally think also in a child is waiting.the funny thing is,normally i hate musicals.i really hate them,but i love watching her musical-films just because she brings so much freshness,pureness,energy and natural talent on the screen that i find it comforting watching her.and if you just think that she could exude so much wholesomeness despite her immense problems on the set and in real life it makes her work even more stunning (reminiscences of marily monroe are apparent).she should have gotten the oscar for a star is born,many people in hollywood at that time thought so too.ok,she wasn´t as elegant or sophisticated as other actresses at that time,or a perfect beauty.she always had great inferiority complexes because of that.but so what?does that lessen her immense talent?she could be a psycho-monster,certainly.with all the pills she took everybody would have become a wreck.but that doesn´t mean that a person has a bad character or personality.i admire her for the way she fought and struggled. the 4-star rating of this thread was exactly what i expected.i just felt like i had to defend her a little bit.she´s certainly worth it. she never pretended to be more than she was. a quote from the book: judgment at nuremberg a scene from judgment at nuremberg singing her heart and soul out (unfortunately there´s no description given for this pic) __________________"sleep brings no rest to me i only sail a wilder sea a darker wave" -emily bronte- oh thanks so much,lady stardust and jackie oh.good to see another judy-fan here.love love love the life cover btw.!!i´ve always thought that this clownesque (does this word even exist???) side and her tramp role are the most sincere sides of her image...reminds me a little bit of giulietta masina even though her clown was different,sadder and more heartbreaking whereas judy´s is a more entertaining version imo.she really wanted to make people laugh. this is the only contemporary pic i have of judy: (source:picture show annual 1950) ---------------------------------------- and studio portrait,presenting lily mars,1943 portrait by roberto gari that now graces the loppy of the palace theatre frank sinatra joins judy and van johnson at the mocambo 1943 mr and mrs vincente minelli omn their wedding day,june 15,1945 hedda hopper,david rose, an judy 1941 i wish i could have heard that judy with barron polan,friend and confidant,1943 judy with friend and manager carleton alsop 1949 __________________"sleep brings no rest to me i only sail a wilder sea a darker wave" -emily bronte-	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Q: HTTP Response in Android - NetworkOnMainThreadException I want to check the HTTP response of a certain URL before loading into a webview. I only want to load webview if http response code is 200. This is a workaround for intercepting http errors. I have below: HttpGet httpRequest = new HttpGet( "http://example.com"); HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpRequest); int code = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); But I encountered the following error: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo android.os.NetworkOnMainThreadException How to fix it? Or any workaround to interept http errors in webview? Thanks A: android.os.NetworkOnMainThreadException occurs whenever you try to make long running tasks/process on Main UI Thread directly. To resolve this issue, cover your webservice call inside AsyncTask. FYI, AsyncTask in android known as Painless Threading which means developer don't need to bother about Thread management. So Go and implement web API call or any long running tasks using AsyncTask, there are plenty of examples available on the web. Update: I only want to load webview if http response code is 200. => Based on your requirement, I would say include your code inside doInBackground() method and return status code value, Which you can check inside onPostExecute(). Now here you are getting status code value 200/201 then you can load WebView. A: class HTTPRequest extends AsyncTask<int, Void, void> { protected int doInBackground() { try { HttpGet httpRequest = new HttpGet( "http://example.com"); HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpRequest); int code = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); return code; } catch (Exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } } protected void onPostExecute(int code) { // TODO: check this.exception // retrieve your 'code' here } }	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR = ${PODS_CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR}/Crashlytics FRAMEWORK_SEARCH_PATHS = $(inherited) "${PODS_ROOT}/Crashlytics/iOS" "${PODS_ROOT}/Fabric/iOS" GCC_PREPROCESSOR_DEFINITIONS = $(inherited) COCOAPODS=1 OTHER_LDFLAGS = $(inherited) -l"c++" -l"z" -framework "Security" -framework "SystemConfiguration" -framework "UIKit" PODS_BUILD_DIR = ${BUILD_DIR} PODS_CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR = ${PODS_BUILD_DIR}/$(CONFIGURATION)$(EFFECTIVE_PLATFORM_NAME) PODS_ROOT = ${SRCROOT} PODS_TARGET_SRCROOT = ${PODS_ROOT}/Crashlytics PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = org.cocoapods.${PRODUCT_NAME:rfc1034identifier} SKIP_INSTALL = YES USE_RECURSIVE_SCRIPT_INPUTS_IN_SCRIPT_PHASES = YES	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
How are Freelancer profiles ranked in search results? If you do not enter a keyword, the Freelancer profiles in each Category are ranked by Elance Level. When you enter a keyword, our search engine first identifies the Freelancer profiles that match, then ranks the results by relevance and Level. If two or more profiles appear to have identical relevance to your search, then the Freelancer profiles with a higher Elance "reputation score" are ranked higher in the search results. The following factors determine the match and ranking process: Match A Match is determined by the presence of relevant skills and keywords within the Freelancer’s profile and within the Freelancer's Job History. The Skills and Keyword sections of the profiles have priority during the matching process. For example, if you search for the term "ajax", a Freelancer with the word "ajax" listed as a Skill will rank higher than a Freelancer that mentions Ajax experience in the profile, but does not list "ajax" as a Skill. In addition, a Freelancer that has completed "ajax" projects on Elance and has received Feedback for the work performed is ranked higher in the matching process. Reputation A member's Reputation on Elance magnifies the Match score and therefore determines the order in which profiles are displayed. Reputation is based on relevant and current performance and activity indicators. These indicators include the number of jobs completed, the quality of Feedback received (6 mos only) and the amounts earned (6 mos only). In addition, our system gives weight to Reputation factors such as verified credentials and the number of violations recorded. Repeat activity - such as working with Clients on follow-up projects and earnings generated by repeat work - also contribute toward a higher Reputation score (and ultimately, higher ranking during keyword search). If you would like more information on how to search for a Freelancer, click here.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Q: Как сделать анимацию вращения круга в звезде? Как сделать анимацию вращения круга в звезде? <svg> <polygon fill-rule="evenodd" stroke="black" points="150,0 121,90 198,35 102,35 179,90"/> <circle r="15" cx="150" cy="50" fill="none" stroke="red" stroke-width="4"/> </svg> A: Круг надо разбить на сегменты, иначе не будет видно вращения stroke-dasharray="3 2" и применить правило transform-origin: center center; transform-box: fill-box; Чтобы не искать центр вращения #circ { stroke:crimson; stroke-width:6; stroke-dasharray:3 2; transform-origin: center center; transform-box: fill-box; animation: rotate_disk 2s linear forwards infinite; } @keyframes rotate_disk { 100% { transform: rotateZ(360deg); } } <svg> <polygon fill-rule="evenodd" stroke="black" points="150,0 121,90 198,35 102,35 179,90"/> <circle id="circ" r="15" cx="150" cy="50" fill="none"> </circle> </svg> Update Более подробно о transform-box: fill-box с примерами в этом топике Как заставить SVG фигуру кружиться вокруг середины блока? A: На вопрос уже дан ответ, этот топик для души А вы заметили, что вместо звезды на шапке появилось сердце? Добавлю анимацию звезды на старое место, для этого с картинки убираем иконку Берем звезду из предыдущего ответа и с помощью команд transform="scale(0.35) translate(56 175)" уменьшаем и позиционируем звезду. <svg height="70vh"> <image xlink:href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/cHM2F.png" width="147px" height="137px" /> <g transform="scale(0.35) translate(56 175)"> <polygon id="star" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke="none" fill="crimson" points="150,0 121,90 198,35 102,35 179,90"/> <circle id="circ" r="15" cx="150" cy="50" fill="none"/> </g> </svg> Добавляем анимацию вращения: #star { transform-origin: center center; transform-box:fill-box; animation: rotate_star 10s linear forwards infinite; } @keyframes rotate_star { 100% {transform: rotateZ(360deg);} } <svg height="100vh"> <image xlink:href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/cHM2F.png" width="147px" height="137px" /> <g transform="scale(0.35) translate(57 176)"> <circle id="circ" r="50" cx="150" cy="45" fill="none"stroke-width="8" stroke="gold"/> <polygon id="star" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke="none" fill="crimson" points="150,0 121,90 198,35 102,35 179,90"/> </g> </svg> A: Второе очевидное решение - двигать stroke-dashoffset: <svg id="test" viewBox=-300,-300,600,600 > <circle stroke-dasharray="31.415 31.415" r=100 stroke=red stroke-width=30 fill=none > <animate attributeName="stroke-dashoffset" from="0" to="-62.83" dur="1s" repeatCount="indefinite" /> </circle> </svg>	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Using Models with React Introducing React Axiom November 16, 2016 edits reflect API changes since the original publishing of this article. At some point in a React application, describing state changes for application data becomes difficult at individual component levels and calls for a clean abstraction between business logic and presentational components. Redux is certainly an option at this point, but suppose the tradeoffs that Redux provides are unfavorable? React Axiom is a lightweight (~12kb) way to use models with the React component tree. A basic React Axiom model looks like the following: class ListItemModel extends ReactAxiom.Model { static defaultState() { return { id: null, description: '', completed: false }; } } Model stores the argument object in this.state and automatically creates getter and setter functions: getId , setId , hasId for the id property, getDescription , setDescription , hasDescription for the description property, and isCompleted , setCompleted , hasCompleted for the completed property (note: this is different due to the completed property being a boolean). Defining a method of the same name on the class overwrites the getter or setter: class ListItemModel extends ReactAxiom.Model { static defaultState() { return { id: null, description: '', completed: false }; } getDescription() { return this.state.description.toLowerCase(); } } When a React Axiom model is passed into a component, the component listens to state changes within the model and updates itself. The following is an example of a React component using a model passed as listItem below: class ListItemComponent extends React.Component { render() { const { listItem } = this.props; return ( <li> {listItem.getDescription()} {listItem.isCompleted() ? null : this.renderButton()} </li> ); } renderButton() { const { listItem } = this.props; return ( <button onClick={() => listItem.setCompleted(true)}> complete </button> ); } } Notice how the component calls setCompleted on the listItem model to update state. To put everything together: const listItem = new ListItemModel({ id: '1', description: 'Teach mom how to use Slack' }); const ListItemSubscriber = ReactAxiom.subscribe(ListItemComponent); ReactDOM.render( <ListItemSubscriber listItem={listItem} />, document.getElementById('app') ); The higher order subscribe function wraps the ListItemComponent and returns a new ListItemSubscriber component. The ListItemSubscriber component will then subscribe to the listItem model and update itself if state changes. In the specific above example, clicking on the complete button will cause the button to disappear. Getting Complex with References State changes in React Axiom models occur through mutations. As a result, this design allows references to other objects, arrays, and models to operate fairly well in state. The following example adds a dependencies field to ListItemModel and some additional logic to complete a list item. class ListItemComponent extends ReactAxiom.Model { static defaultState() { return { id: null, description: '', completed: false, dependencies: [], }; } complete() { this.getDependencies().forEach(dependency => { dependency.complete(); }); this.setCompleted(true); } } To recursively render list items, the ListItemComponent component can render the ListItemSubscriber component for each dependency: class ListItemComponent extends React.Component { render() { const { listItem } = this.props; return ( <li> {listItem.getDescription()} {listItem.isCompleted() ? null : this.renderButton()} <ul> {this.renderDependencies()} </ul> </li> ); } renderButton() { const { listItem } = this.props; return ( <button onClick={() => listItem.complete()}> complete </button> ); } renderDependencies() { const { listItem } = this.props; return listItem.getDependencies().map(dependency => ( <ListItemSubscriber listItem={dependency} /> )); } } const ListItemSubscriber = ReactAxiom.subscribe(ListItemComponent); Now, clicking on a complete button will mutate that model’s completed state value and all of its dependencies’ completed state value. In addition, any component that subscribed to any of the mutated list items will update and render the correct state. Use with Server Rendering One particular drawback with React Axiom is that the data store requires model names to be passed as part of the transferrable data. This is fine for server-to-client data transfer, however it is less flexible in terms of snapshotting and persisting state to a local storage should the model names change in any way. The following is an example of serializing and parsing models and model data with the React Axiom Store : const listItem1 = new ListItemModel({ id: '1', description: 'Teach mom how to use Slack' }); const listItem2 = new ListItemModel({ id: '2', description: 'Meditate', dependencies: [listItem1] }); ReactAxiom.Store.setModelRefs([ListItemModel]); const serverStore = new ReactAxiom.Store({ title: 'Things to do', createdAt: Date.now(), listItems: [listItem1, listItem2] }); const json = serverStore.stringify(); // Transfer the data to the client // to hydrate the client store, and // reinitialize the application. ReactAxiom.Store.setModelRefs([ListItemModel]); const clientStore = new ReactAxiom.Store(); clientStore.parse(json); Notice how listItem2 contains a reference to listItem1 on the server store. By passing in classes to initialize the client store, it is able to rebuild this reference from the provided JSON string. In other words, listItem2.getDependences()[0] === listItem1 on clientStore . When to Use Models Like any design, there are tradeoffs. Redux, for example, requires plain objects to describe changes in the system and pure functions to describe the logic for handling those changes (what a lot of developers refer to as “boilerplate”) but gains a more flexible data store. React Axiom requires models to describe the changes in the system and describe the logic for handling those changes, but gains the following advantages: Organizing and stubbing business logic becomes easier. Interfaces between views, models, and data become more flexible. Writing semantic and transparent code becomes easier. For someone new to the React ecosystem, React Axiom might make a little bit more sense than Redux, but like any framework or design that is opinionated, only use it if solves a particular problem or fits the situation. What is Next? React Axiom is still in its infancy stage. I welcome any help to make this design paradigm a robust solution for large scale applications for the JavaScript community. Please feel free to get involved by checking out the GitHub repository or contacting me on Twitter. 🙏🏽	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Welcome to NC Engineering NC Engineering is a diversified manufacturing firm producing a wide range of machinery for the agricultural and construction industries. Since 1975 we have been committed to quality products at affordable prices, winning numerous awards for design and innovation through our policy of continuous research and development. NC Engineering (Hamiltonsbawn) Ltd has received support from Invest NI under the European Union’s Investment for Growth and Jobs Programme. The project, recorded on... Translate NC Engineering NC Engineering is a diversified manufacturing firm producing a wide range of machinery for the agricultural and construction industries. Since 1975 we have been committed to quality products at affordable prices, winning numerous awards for design and innovation through our policy of continuous research and development.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Q: Char array in c & pointer addition My instructors give me the following function. So don't blame me for ambiguity lol void step_step_step(char first, char second, char third) { if (third[3] == second[2] + 8 && second[2] == first[1] + 8) printf("8: Illinois\n"); else printf("8: ERROR\n"); } I try to call the function in the this way: char p8_1 = (char) malloc(sizeof(char)11); char p8_2 = (char) malloc(sizeof(char)11); char p8_3 = (char) malloc(sizeof(char)11); p8_1[9] = 'u'; p8_2[2] = p8_1[9]; p8_2[10] = p8_1[9]; p8_3[3] = p8_2[10]; step_step_step(p8_1, p8_2, p8_3); And it keeps printing error. What am I doing wrong here? I don't understand why that doesn't work when my other solution does: p8_2[2] = p8_1[1] + 8; p8_3[3] = p8_2[2] + 8; step_step_step(p8_1, p8_2, p8_3); A: Possible operator precedence bug: Change to: if ((third[3] == second[2] + 8) && (second[2] == first[1] + 8)) The wiki article on 'Order of operations' tells more about the evaluation precedence. If you can't explain to someone in the blink of an eye, in which order some expression will be evaluated - you should use enough parentheses that it won't matter (because no order precedence to care of) or that it's instantly obvious how the clauses are separated. EDIT: A closer look makes me realize something fishy is going on. You're not incrementing any pointers. If you were, you would do something like if ((third[3] == second[2 + 8]) && (second[2] == first[1 + 8])) A: You believe the if condition should pass, since all the elements you are intending to check is initialized to 'u'. In your code, this is true for p8_3[3], p8_2[10], p8_2[2], and p8_1[9]. Then, there is the call: step_step_step(p8_1, p8_2, p8_3); As third takes the p8_3 value, indexing its 3rd element is fine, and it has value 'u'. However, second[2] has the value 'u', and then 8 is added to it before the == comparison. This results in the == to result in a false evaluation. The && is short-circuited, and the else case of the if is taken. If short-circuiting had not taken place, the right side expression of the && would compare second[2] with first[1] + 8. As first[1] is uninitialized, this would have resulted in undefined behavior. The indexing operator ptr[index] behaves like (ptr + index). So, the expression: second[2] + 8 translates into: (second + 2) + 8 which is definitely NOT the same as *(second + 2 + 8).	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Q: Get number of days between two entries with mongodb I would like to get number of days between my two last entries with mongoDb grouped by number of days. Here is my table : ------------------------------------------------- \| mac address \| date \| ------------------------------------------------- \| aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff \| 2016-11-15 \| \| aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff \| 2016-11-19 \| \| aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff \| 2016-11-20 \| \| ff:ee:dd:cc:bb:aa \| 2016-11-19 \| \| ff:ee:dd:cc:bb:aa \| 2016-11-28 \| \| aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa \| 2016-11-21 \| \| bb:bb:bb:bb:bb:bb \| 2016-11-22 \| \| bb:bb:bb:bb:bb:bb \| 2016-11-25 \| \| cc:cc:cc:cc:cc:cc \| 2016-11-20 \| \| cc:cc:cc:cc:cc:cc \| 2016-11-23 \| ------------------------------------------------- And here what I want to get : ------------------------------------------------- \| Number of days \| count \| ------------------------------------------------- \| 1 day \| 1 \| \| 2-7 days \| 2 \| \| 8-30 days \| 1 \| \| > 30 days \| 0 \| ------------------------------------------------- Is there any possibility to do it in one request using mongodb ? Thanks a lot. A: you can do it in a single query with something like this db.date.aggregate([ { $sort:{ date:-1 } }, { $group:{ _id:"$mac", date:{ $push:"$date" } } }, { $project:{ _id:"$mac", laps:{ $subtract:[ { $arrayElemAt:[ "$date", 0 ] }, { $arrayElemAt:[ "$date", 1 ] } ] } } }, { "$group":{ "_id":null, "1_day":{ "$sum":{ "$cond":[ { "$lte":[ "$laps", (1000 60 60 * 24) ] }, 1, 0 ] } }, "2_7days":{ "$sum":{ "$cond":[ { $and:[ { "$gt":[ "$laps", (1000 60 60 * 242) ] }, { "$lte":[ "$laps", (1000 60 * 60 * 247) ] }, ] }, 1, 0 ] } }, "8_30days":{ "$sum":{ "$cond":[ { $and:[ { "$gt":[ "$laps", (1000 60 * 60 * 248) ] }, { "$lte":[ "$laps", (1000 60 * 60 * 2430) ] }, ] }, 1, 0 ] } }, "30+days":{ "$sum":{ "$cond":[ { "$gte":[ "$laps", (1000 60 * 60 * 24*30) ] }, 1, 0 ] } } } } ]) it will return somthing like this: { "_id":null, "1_day":1, "2_7days":3, "8_30days":0, "30+days":0 } you may need to adjust bounds to better fit your needs try it online: mongoplayground.net/p/JqolUAp2lfk	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <item android:color="@color/b4" android:state_checked="false" android:state_focused="false" android:state_pressed="false" /> <item android:color="@color/c1" android:state_checked="true" android:state_focused="false" android:state_pressed="false" /> <item android:color="@color/c1" android:state_checked="false" android:state_focused="true" android:state_pressed="false" /> <item android:color="@color/b4" android:state_checked="true" android:state_focused="true" android:state_pressed="false" /> </selector>	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
Status of antioxidant systems in human carcinoma of uterine cervix. Lipid peroxides, glutathione content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were estimated in patients who had carcinoma of the uterine cervix, and the values were compared with those of normal. The results showed a remarkable reduction in glutathione content and in the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in neoplastic tissue in stages II, III and IV (P < 0.001) whereas the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were significantly lower in stage III and IV patients than that of normal controls. The tissue level of lipid peroxides and the activity of glutathione-S-transferase were found to be significantly higher than that of normals from stage II onwards. These observations suggested the impaired antioxidant status in carcinoma of the uterine cervix.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Find us on Magicka: Wizard Wars Celebrates a Year of Severely Tested Friendships Paradox Interactive and Paradox North today celebrated the one-year anniversary of Magicka: Wizard Wars, the game where bad spelling is finally punishable by death. Released in Early Access one year ago today, Magicka: Wizard Wars now has a community of close to 1 million registered users, all of whom (along with anyone else brave enough to play) will receive the gift of a special Imp skin for their helpful in-game monstrosities. In addition, all players who supported Magicka: Wizard Wars early on with the purchase of a Founder’s Pack will receive color versions of the Imp skin to match their Founder Robes in the near future. There will also be a special gift for all players who participated in the Alpha. Since the game’s debut in 2013, the community has grown significantly, closing in on 1 million players, and the following milestones have been achieved (measured both by magic and science): 25,000 matches of Magicka: Wizard Wars now played on an average day (average of 17 matches per minute) Over 300 items now available via in-game store (almost one new item per day since the game’s public release) Over 1,400 bugs annihilated thanks to player feedback, not including updates made for game balance “The Wizard Wars community never ceases to amaze us, and it’s not just because they can shoot fiery death beams on command,” grins David Nisshagen, Game Director. “When we launched last year, we wanted to give the Magicka fans a game as fun and unique as the original, but with balanced PvP and a stronger game engine. Now, after one full year of weekly updates, there’s a new match of Wizard Wars starting every five seconds. Every added feature, robe, map, or Magick since we launched is better than the last, thanks to the constant improvements our players have helped us make. I know you can’t see our faces through those mysterious wizard robes, but believe me when I say we’re all beaming with grateful pride right now.” Players who log in to Magicka: Wizard Wars between October 15th and 22nd, 2014, will receive a special anniversary Imp skin, available from the in-game store for only one crown. Magicka: Wizard Wars, which is free to download and play immediately in Early Access, is a spellcasting action player-versus-player (PvP) game where two teams of four wizards each go head-to-head utilizing the celebrated spellcasting system – and the chaotic friendly fire – of Magicka. Warring Wizards combine elements to attack, defend, and generate total confusion in hundreds of ways as they battle it out to become the last Wizard standing.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
/// Copyright (c) 2012 Ecma International. All rights reserved. /** * @path ch15/15.4/15.4.4/15.4.4.19/15.4.4.19-1-10.js * @description Array.prototype.map - applied to the Math object */ function testcase() { function callbackfn(val, idx, obj) { return ('[object Math]' === Object.prototype.toString.call(obj)); } try { Math.length = 1; Math[0] = 1; var testResult = Array.prototype.map.call(Math, callbackfn); return testResult[0] === true; } finally { delete Math[0]; delete Math.length; } } runTestCase(testcase);	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
Current constraints in blood glucose monitoring and insulin delivery technologies limit the ability of most individuals with type 1 diabetes to safely achieve and maintain recommended glucose and hemoglobin A~1c~ (HbA~1c~) targets. Severe hypoglycemia (SH) remains a common side effect of intensive treatment and a major barrier to achieving normoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. Several prior studies have evaluated factors associated with an increased risk of SH. In a study of 1,190 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, Craig et al. ([@B1]) reported that younger age, male sex, longer duration of diabetes, and intensive insulin therapy (≥3 injections/day) were associated with an increased risk of SH. In a study of 60 individuals, mainly adults, with insulin-dependent diabetes, Gold et al. ([@B2]) reported that the occurrence of SH was associated with prior SH, hypoglycemia unawareness, older age, and autonomic dysfunction. In the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) ([@B3]), an analysis of the first 424 intensively treated subjects found that predictors of SH in the intensive group included prior SH, longer duration of diabetes, higher baseline HbA~1c~, lower recent HbA~1c~, and higher baseline insulin doses. A later analysis of all 1,441 subjects found that a higher SH rate in both treatment groups occurred in subjects with prior SH, longer duration of diabetes, absent residual C-peptide secretion, younger age (adolescents compared with adults), and higher baseline insulin doses; the rate was higher in females than males in the conventional group but not in the intensive group and higher in those with lower baseline HbA~1c~ in the conventional group but not the intensive group ([@B4]). Recurrent episodes of mild hypoglycemia appear to cause defects in counterregulatory hormone responses to subsequent hypoglycemia placing patients with type 1 diabetes at increased risk of severe hypoglycemia. This sequence of events has been termed hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure. The evidence supporting the development of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure was initially demonstrated in clinical research center--based hypoglycemic clamp studies, and a relationship between the risk of SH and antecedent biochemical hypoglycemia in the free living condition also has been reported ([@B5]). The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group recently reported the results of a 6-month randomized clinical trial and a 6-month extension study that evaluated the effectiveness of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in 451 intensively treated type 1 diabetes subjects who had baseline HbA~1c~ levels both within and above the target range ([@B6]--[@B11]). These studies provided a large dataset to evaluate the association of clinical and demographic factors with the development of SH. In addition, longitudinal CGM glucose data were available to evaluate the relationship between biochemical hypoglycemia detected by CGM and subsequent SH. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS {#s5} =========================== The study protocol and clinical characteristics of enrolled subjects have been described in detail ([@B7]--[@B9]). Major eligibility criteria included age ≥8 years, type 1 diabetes for at least 1 year, use of either an insulin pump or multiple (at least three) daily insulin injections, and HbA~1c~ level \<10.0%. Prior SH was not an exclusion and 8% of subjects in both treatment groups self-reported at least one SH event in the 6 months prior to study entry. The study consisted of a 6-month randomized trial in which subjects were randomized to either a control group that used standard home blood glucose monitoring or a CGM group that used one of the following three CGM devices: the FreeStyle Navigator (Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc., Alameda, CA), the MiniMed Paradigm REAL-Time Insulin Pump and Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (Medtronic MiniMed, Inc., Northridge, CA), or the DexCom SEVEN (DexCom, Inc., San Diego, CA). The randomized trial was followed by a 6-month extension study in which CGM was initiated in the control group and continued in the CGM group. Analysis was limited to 436 (97%) of 451 randomized subjects who completed 12 months of follow-up. The 15 subjects with incomplete follow-up included one subject who was believed to be factitiously producing SH by intentional insulin overdose and 14 others who did not experience SH before dropping out of the study. SH was defined as an event that required assistance from another person to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions ([@B3]). The proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association of baseline demographic and clinical factors with the occurrence of SH events in univariate models. Factors in the univariate models with a P value \< 0.20 were included in an initial multivariate model and then a backward elimination procedure was used to remove variables with a P value \> 0.05. However, because of multiple statistical comparisons, only P values \< 0.01 were considered significant. A forward selection process resulted in a similar model. To avoid colinearity in the model building, only one baseline CGM measure of hypoglycemia (percentage of values ≤70 mg/dL) was included in the models. Results were similar for the highly correlated hypoglycemic area under the curve (AUC) and the low blood glucose index (LBGI) ([@B12]) calculated from CGM data (data not shown). CGM measures of glycemic variation such as SD, coefficient of variation (defined as SD divided by the mean glucose), and the absolute rate of change ([@B13]) were also confounded with percentage of CGM values ≤70 mg/dL and were excluded from the models. Subjects with missing values for covariates were excluded from the corresponding univariate models. For the multivariate models, missing values were treated as a separate category for discrete covariates, and an indicator for missing values was added to the model for continuous covariates. The SH rates in the control group and CGM group during their first 6 months of usage were compared using a Wilcoxon rank sum test. A paired signed rank test was used to compare the SH rate of the CGM group between the first and second 6 months. A repeated-measures logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to compare the SH rate between days with and without CGM use. A second analysis evaluated the association of four CGM hypoglycemia indices (% ≤70 mg/dL, hypoglycemic AUC, LBGI, and at least 30 consecutive min ≤54 mg/dL) during 1 day with the occurrence of SH on the following day using repeated-measures logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for correlated data. Inclusion in this analysis was limited to those subjects who had at least one SH event for which there was at least 12 h of CGM glucose data available from the preceding day. When an additional hypoglycemic event occurred within 3 days after a prior hypoglycemic event, the event was not considered as a new event and was not counted (N = 1). Operating characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, false alarm rate, and positive predictive value \[PPV\]) are given for various cut points for the four CGM hypoglycemic indices. RESULTS {#s6} ======= One or more SH events occurred in 54 (12%) of the 436 subjects; 36 (8%) subjects experienced one event, 13 (3%) subjects had two events, 4 (0.9%) subjects had three events, and 1 (0.2%) subject had four events. The overall incidence rate of SH was 17.9 events per 100 person-years, being 21.3 in the 160 subjects ≥25 years of age, 16.0 in the 138 subjects 15--24 years of age, and 15.9 in the 138 subjects 8--14 years of age. The rate was 21.5 in the first 6 months of use by the CGM group and 15.0 during the 6 months of CGM use in the control group (which followed the 6-month randomized trial) (P = 0.56). Within the CGM group, there was a trend toward less SH during the second 6 months compared with the first 6 months (8.0 vs. 21.5 events per 100 person-years, respectively; P = 0.02). The clinical characteristics of the 436 subjects are shown in [Supplementary Table 1](http://care.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/dc10-1111/-/DC1) according to whether or not an SH event occurred during the study. In a univariate analysis, SH was more likely to occur in subjects who had experienced SH in the 6 months prior to study entry (P \< 0.001), and there were suggestive trends for more frequent SH in adults (P = 0.06), females (P = 0.05), subjects with higher scores on the Hypoglycemia Fear Questionnaire (P = 0.02), those with a higher percentage of baseline CGM values ≤70 mg/dL (P = 0.02), and those who had higher glucose variability as assessed with the coefficient of variation (P = 0.08). In general, these factors also were associated with previous SH; consequently, in multivariate analysis only SH during the prior 6 months (hazard ratio \[HR\] 6.2 \[95% CI 3.4--11.6\]; P \< 0.001) and female sex (2.3 \[1.3--4.1\]; P = 0.006) ([Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}) were independent predictors of SH during the study. Although the associations of SH during the prior 6 months and female sex with the occurrence of SH were highly statistically significant, the PPV for each was low (42 and 15%, respectively). The occurrence of SH was not associated with baseline HbA~1c~ level. SH occurred in similar proportions of subjects who used an insulin pump and those who used multiple daily injections of insulin. ###### Proportional hazards models of baseline factors predictive of SH (N = 436 subjects who completed the 52-week visit)[\\](#t1n7){ref-type="table-fn"} N \% SH[‡](#t1n3){ref-type="table-fn"} Univariate Initial multivariate[\](#t1n1){ref-type="table-fn"} Final multivariate[†](#t1n2){ref-type="table-fn"} ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- -------------------------------------- ------------ ------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------- ----- ------------- ------------------------------------- ----- ------------- --------- Overall 436 12 Age (years) 0.06[§](#t1n4){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.29[§](#t1n4){ref-type="table-fn"} 8--14 138 10 1.0 1.0 15--24 138 12 1.2 (0.6--2.5) 0.8 (0.4--1.7) ≥25 160 14 1.4 (0.7--2.8) 1.0 (0.5--2.0) Sex 0.05 0.02 0.006 Male 199 9 1.0 1.0 1.0 Female 237 15 1.8 (1.0--3.1) 2.2 (1.2--4.1) 2.3 (1.3--4.1) n* SH events in 6 months prior to study \<0.001 \<0.001 \<0.001 None 400 10 1.0 1.0 1.0 ≥1 36 42 5.0 (2.8--9.2) 5.5 (2.8--10.6) 6.2 (3.4--11.6) Fingersticks per day\\|\\| 0.65[§](#t1n4){ref-type="table-fn"} ≤5 135 17 1.0 6--8 179 8 0.5 (0.2-- 0.9) ≥9 69 13 0.8 (0.4--1.7) Insulin delivery 0.70 Injections 80 14 1.0 Pump 356 12 0.9 (0.5--1.7) HbA~1c~ (%) 0.32[§](#t1n4){ref-type="table-fn"} \<7.0 127 13 1.0 7.0 to \<8.0 197 14 1.1 (0.6--2.1) ≥8.0 112 9 0.7 (0.3--1.5) Hypo Fear Score[¶](#t1n5){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.02[§](#t1n4){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.46[§](#t1n4){ref-type="table-fn"} \<20 151 8 1.0 1.0 20 to \<30 96 15 1.9 (0.9--4.2) 1.5 (0.7--3.3) ≥30 184 15 2.0 (1.0--3.9) 1.4 (0.7--2.9) \% CGM values ≤70 mg/dL (%)[\#](#t1n6){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.02[§](#t1n4){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.75[§](#t1n4){ref-type="table-fn"} None 25 8 1.0 1.0 \<5 207 9 1.2 (0.3--5.0) 0.9 (0.2--3.8) 5 to \<15 160 16 2.1 (0.5--8.9) 1.2 (0.2--5.6) ≥15 44 16 2.1 (0.4-- 10.2) 1.3 (0.2--8.3) Glucose coefficient of variation (%)[††](#t1n8){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.08[§](#t1n4){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.54[§](#t1n4){ref-type="table-fn"} \<35 116 7 1.0 1.0 35 to \<40 115 13 2.0 (0.8--4.6) 1.9 (0.8--4.5) 40 to \<45 88 16 2.5 (1.0--5.9) 2.4 (0.9--6.2) ≥45 117 15 2.2 (0.9--5.0) 1.5 (0.5--4.3) \Factors with P* value ≤ 0.20 in univariate model are included in the initial multivariate model. †Factors with P value ≤ 0.05 in the initial multivariate model are kept in the final multivariate model. ‡Percentage of subjects with at least one SH event during the study. §P value calculated as a continuous variable. Categories are for display purposes in this table. \\|\\|Self-reported number of home glucose meter tests per day. Data collected after study initialization and are therefore missing for 53 subjects. ¶Hypoglycemia Fear Questionnaire ([@B20]) consists of 15 5-point Likert scale items, with scores scaled to a 0--100 range. Higher score denotes more fear of hypoglycemia. Missing for five subjects. \#CGM data based on blinded use at baseline for approximately 1 week prior to randomization. Results were similar for hypoglycemic AUC and LBGI ([@B12]) (data not shown). \\Diabetes duration was not associated with SH. Data not shown because this factor was highly confounded with age. ††Coefficient of variation is the SD divided by the mean glucose from the CGM expressed as a percentage. The second analysis evaluated the predictive value of CGM-measured hypoglycemia during 1 day with the occurrence of SH on the following day. During the full 12 months of follow-up of the CGM group and the last 6 months of follow-up of the control group (the time period during which CGM was used), 48 SH events occurred in 40 subjects. For 31 of the 48 events (65%), CGM was used on the day of the event, which was comparable with a usage rate of 71% on the 11,994 days without an SH event (P = 0.40). For 27 of the 48 events (N = 24 subjects), a sensor was used on the day prior to the event (for at least 12 h). Median percentage of time with glucose levels ≤70 mg/dL was 3% during the 24 h of the calendar day prior to SH compared with 2% of the time on other days (P \< 0.001). Although this association was strong statistically, the PPV was extremely low (∼5%), and the false alarm rate was extremely high (∼95%) even when 30% or more of the glucose values were ≤70 mg/dL on the day prior to a SH event ([Table 2](#T2){ref-type="table"}). Findings were similar for hypoglycemic AUC (0.2 on the day prior to SH vs. 0.1 on other days, P = 0.002) and LBGI (1.1 vs. 0.8, P = 0.003), with PPVs being low and false-positive rates being high for each ([Supplementary Table 2](http://care.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/dc10-1111/-/DC1)). Results also were similar when assessing the predictive value of 30 consecutive min below 54 mg/dL ([Supplementary Table 2](http://care.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/dc10-1111/-/DC1)). Median glucose was 131 mg/dL on the day prior to an SH event and 141 mg/dL on other days (P = 0.86). ###### Sensitivity, specificity, false alarm rates, and PPV of CGM-measured hypoglycemia on 1 day for the occurrence of SH on the following day CGM glucose readings ≤70 mg/dL on prior day (%) n of days Sensitivity[\](#t2n1){ref-type="table-fn"} Specificity[†](#t2n2){ref-type="table-fn"} False alarm[‡](#t2n3){ref-type="table-fn"} PPV[§](#t2n4){ref-type="table-fn"} ------------------------------------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ ------- ------ 0 2,009 1,999 10 \>0 3,286 3,269 17 63% 38% 99.5% 0.5% ≤5 3,292 3,278 14 \>5 2,003 1,990 13 48% 62% 99.4% 0.7% ≤15 4,613 4,596 17 \>15 682 672 10 37% 87% 98.5% 1.5% ≤30 5,184 5,162 22 \>30 111 106 5 19% 98% 95.5% 4.5% All 5,295 5,268 27 \Sensitivity, Proportion of true SH events where the CGM indices correctly predicted the prior days as positive. †Specificity, Proportion of days without SH where the CGM indices correctly predicted the prior days as negative. ‡False alarm, Proportion of days with CGM indices predicted as positive where there were no SH in the following days. §PPV, Proportion of days with CGM indices predicted as positive where there were SH events in the following days (this is 100% minus the false alarm rate). CONCLUSIONS {#s7} =========== We found the rate of occurrence of SH during the study to be most strongly associated with a history of SH in the 6 months prior to entry into the study. In addition, the rate was higher in females than males. Both of these findings are consistent with prior findings in the DCCT ([@B3],[@B4]). As in our study, multivariate analyses conducted on the DCCT data did not identify a predictive model with high sensitivity ([@B3]). The incidence rate of SH in this study (17.9 events per 100 person-years) was similar to that of the conventional therapy group in the DCCT (18.7 events per 100 person-years), but significantly lower than the rate in the intensive treatment group (61.2 events per 100 person-years) in the DCCT ([Supplementary Fig. 1](http://care.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/dc10-1111/-/DC1)) ([@B4]). A similar SH rate was found in the Sensor-Augmented Pump Therapy for A1c Reduction (STAR) 3 trial (∼13 events per 100 person-years in both the CGM group and control group) ([@B14]). Our results need to be viewed in the context of the study participants who were well-versed in self-management, were receiving intensive insulin management with either an insulin pump or multiple daily injections of insulin, and were performing frequent home blood glucose monitoring. We also found that CGM-measured hypoglycemia occurred more often on days prior to SH than on other days. However, although the statistical association was strong, the predictive value of biochemical hypoglycemia for subsequent SH was very low. This is because on any given day, SH is a rare event (\<1% probability). This probability increases eightfold when more than 30% of CGM values the day prior are in the hypoglycemic range, but there is still less than a 5% chance of SH on the following day. Thus, if a CGM were programmed to sound a warning whenever 30% of values over a 24-h period were ≤70 mg/dL, more than 95% of alarms would be false. The four CGM measures of hypoglycemia studied here (% ≤70 mg/dL, AUC, LBGI, and ≤54 mg/dL for at least 30 consecutive min) are all highly correlated, and results were similar regardless which was used. One possibility to in part explain the low predictive value could be that subjects modified their diabetes management based on the presence of CGM-measured hypoglycemia, and this reduced their risk of an SH event on the next day. Evidence against this explanation, however, is that during the randomized trial phase of the study, the SH rate in the CGM group was similar to that in the control group ([@B8],[@B9]). Another possible factor contributing to the low PPV is measurement error from CGM. Studies of CGM accuracy have shown that the median error during hypoglycemia ranges from 13 to 24 mg/dL ([@B15],[@B16]) so that some episodes of true biochemical hypoglycemia are missed by CGM, and some CGM readings in the hypoglycemic range occur when the true glucose concentration is \>70 mg/dL. Kovatchev et al. ([@B17]) studied 96 adults with insulin-dependent diabetes and found that history of SH and LBGI calculated from 1 month of home glucose meter data accounted for 40% of the variance of SH episodes over the following 6 months. In another study of 85 adults with type 1 diabetes, Kovatchev et al. ([@B18]) reported that LBGI values from home glucose meter data were significantly higher in the 24 h prior to and immediately following an SH episode compared with other days in the same subjects. Cox et al. ([@B19]) reported that LBGI was predictive of SH with a sensitivity rate of 58--60% among 100 adults with type 1 diabetes, but did not report the false-positive rate. Our results with CGM data were similar to these studies in that hypoglycemic indices were significantly higher on the day prior to an SH event and that over 50% of SH events could be predicted from these measures depending on the threshold used. However, our data also show a very large false alarm rate (≥95%) when these indices are used to predict SH events. The SH rates in these previous studies, ranging from 192 to 803 events per 100 person-years ([@B17]--[@B19]), were much larger than that observed in the current study (17.9 events per 100 person-years) and in the DCCT. In conclusion, the ability to predict the likelihood that SH will occur in the near future remains elusive. The strongest predictor is the occurrence of prior SH. Although biochemical hypoglycemia substantially increases the risk of the occurrence of SH on the next day, SH only occurs in about 1 in 20 days after preceding biochemical hypoglycemia, and thus this is a poor predictor. Supplementary Material ====================== ###### Supplementary Data Clinical trial reg. no. NCT00406133, clinicaltrials.gov. This article contains Supplementary Data online at <http://care.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/dc10-1111/-/DC1>. \*Members of the writing committee are listed in [APPENDIX]{.smallcaps}, and a full group listing is available in the [Supplementary Data](http://care.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/dc10-1111/-/DC1) online. The study funding was provided by JDRF (grant numbers 22-2006-1107, 22-2006-1117, 22-2006-1112, 22-2006-1123, and 01-2006-8031). Continuous glucose monitors and sensors were purchased at a bulk discount price from DexCom, Inc. (San Diego, CA), Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. (Northridge, CA), and Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. (Alameda, CA). Home glucose meters and test strips were provided to the study by LifeScan, Inc. and Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. The companies had no involvement in the design, conduct, or analysis of the trial or the manuscript preparation. Below is a listing of relationships of the investigators with companies that make products relevant to the manuscript. Research funds where listed below were provided to the legal entity that employs the individual and not directly to the individual. B.B. reports having received consulting fees, honoraria, travel reimbursement, and research funds from Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. and grant support from DexCom, Inc. B.A.B. reports having received grant support and serving on the Medical Advisory Board for Medtronic MiniMed, Inc., grant support and a speaker honorarium from Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc., and grant support from DexCom, Inc. C.K. reports having received consulting fees from Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. L.L. reports having received consulting fees and a speaker honorarium from Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc., and consulting fees and research funding from Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. W.V.T. reports having received consulting fees from Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. S.W. reports having received research support, a speaker honorarium and travel reimbursement from Medtronic MiniMed, Inc., and a speaker honorarium from Animas Corp/LifeScan, Inc. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported. The study was designed and conducted by the investigators. The writing group collectively wrote the manuscript and vouches for the data. The investigators had complete autonomy to analyze and report the trial results. There were no agreements concerning confidentiality of the data between JDRF, the authors, or their institutions. The Jaeb Center for Health Research had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. R.F.-S. researched data, contributed to discussion, wrote the manuscript, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. J.C. contributed to discussion, wrote the manuscript, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. R.W.B. contributed to discussion and reviewed and edited the manuscript. B.B. researched data, contributed to discussion, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. B.A.B. researched data, contributed to discussion, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. H.P.C. researched data, contributed to discussion, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. L.L. researched data, contributed to discussion, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. J.M.L. researched data, contributed to discussion, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. C.K. contributed to discussion and reviewed and edited the manuscript. N.M. researched data, contributed to discussion, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. K.J.R. researched data, contributed to discussion, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. W.V.T. researched data, contributed to discussion, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. S.W. researched data, contributed to discussion, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. D.M.W. researched data, contributed to discussion, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. H.W. researched data, contributed to discussion, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. D.X. contributed to discussion and reviewed and edited the manuscript. The JDRF CGM Study Group would like to recognize the efforts of the subjects and their families and thanks them for their participation. Co-authors: Rosanna Fiallo-Scharer, MD^1^; Jing Cheng, MS^2^. Additional authors (in alphabetical order): Roy W. Beck, MD, PHD^2^; Bruce A. Buckingham, MD^3^; H. Peter Chase, MD^1^; Craig Kollman, PHD^2^; Lori Laffel, MD, MPH^4^; Jean M. Lawrence, SCD, MPH, MSSA^5^; Nelly Mauras, MD^6^; William V. Tamborlane, MD^7^; Darrell M. Wilson, MD^3^; Howard Wolpert, MD^4^, of the JDRF Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group. ^1^Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, Colorado; the ^2^Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida; ^3^Stanford University, Stanford, California; the ^4^Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts; ^5^Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, California; the ^6^Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; and ^7^Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Additional writing committee members include Bruce Bode, MD^1^; Katrina J. Ruedy, MSPH^2^; Stuart Weinzimer, MD^3^; Dongyuan Xing, MPH^2^. ^1^Atlanta Diabetes Associates, Atlanta, Georgia; the ^2^Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida; and ^3^Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }
Oxidative stress in stable cystic fibrosis patients: do we need higher antioxidant plasma levels? Oxidative stress plays an important role in cystic fibrosis (CF). However, there is a lack of validated biomarkers of oxidative damage that correlate with the antioxidant needs of patients with CF. To investigate oxidative stress in stable pediatric CF patients and evaluate if vitamin supplementation may be tailored to individual needs and oxidative status. Lipid-adducts 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE-L) and malonaldehyde (MDA-L) (chromolipids) were elevated in the majority of patients despite normal plasma vitamin E, A and C. HNE-L and MDA-L increased with age, while plasma vitamins decreased. The most relevant correlation was identified between vitamin C and chromolipids. Patients with pancreatic insufficiency (PI) showed significantly higher plasma chromolipids despite no differences in plasma vitamins. The majority of patients showed elevated plasma chromolipids that increased with age. Antioxidant vitamin reference ranges provide incomplete information on the redox status. CF patients with PI showed excessive oxidative stress damage.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Ennio Morricone OST Veruschka Deluxe Gatefold Edition Ennio Morricone’s famous soundtrack composed for the 1971 Franco Rubartelli documentary “Veruschka, Poesia di una Donna” about the legendary VERUSCHKA the world’s first supermodel, a real 60’s/70’s icon, who appeared in several cult movies including Blow Up, Salome and Coleur Chai. In Rubartelli’s movie we follow the beautiful model in a shockingly surreal journey through the rural countryside of Italy on a downward spiral of self-discovery that leads her through so many whacked out head trips; heavily dark and sad with some of the most stunning psychedelic eye candy you can find from the freak out era of filmmaking, perfectly tuned with one of Ennio Morricone’s best scores. A true one kind of experience.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Salty1 wrote:Personally I have no problem with attending renewal classes, I enjoy hearing about any changes in the law from other peoples perspective and hanging out with like minded people for a few hours. Eliminating the need for the class doesn't mean that instructors can't still offer it. Call it a "Refresher Course" if you will. There will be some who will take it for exactly the reasons you state. BTW, this is the same reason that even some very experienced shooters take a Basic Pistol course. They've may have been shooting for years or even decades, but they want to refresh themselves on the basics. Personally, I think it's a great idea. RX8er wrote:I support the idea of no class for renewal. Where I think the bill falls down is somehow making sure that at each renewal, the CHL holder is up to speed on any changes to the law. That was my concern but Sec. 411.185.c of the proposal specifically requires the director to produce an informational form describing the law and requires license holder to acknowledge the form. I am still mulling this one over. NRA Lifetime Member I was addicted to the hokey-pokey, but I turned myself around. Purplehood wrote:I think that renewal "classes" should be an online review of current laws related to the CHL and an e-signature affirming that you have read them. That is what Ohio does. Attorney General publishes a "Concealed Carry Handbook". The CHL affirms under penalty of perjury that they have downloaded and reviewed the current pamphlet as part of the application. It'll never work. It's FAR too reasonable and requires people to exhibit a modicum of personal responsibility. I am not a lawyer. This is NOT legal advice.!Nothing tempers idealism quite like the cold bath of reality.... SQLGeek Keith B wrote:I am an instructor and believe there are enough people out there that do not stay up to date with law changes and need to be updated and let know about them. I would not mind seeing some type of online test with a larger question pool and random questions being chosen from the pool; that would at least require them to study the laws. As for shooting, there are a lot that come through that haven't shot in 5 years (last CHL proficiency). I think there still needs to be that portion. Some of our worst students on the range are the renewals. I was thinking about the instructors who might say, "but how will the students get the latest info on the laws?" . . . then I remembered all of the threads here about grossly uninformed instructors, and how some of their more scrupulous students noticed their own incompetence and sought supplemental info online that eventually led them to our little community here. No matter what renewal mechanism we come up with, there's going to be a licensed subset of uninformed out there. VMI77 wrote: Purplehood wrote:I think that renewal "classes" should be an online review of current laws related to the CHL and an e-signature affirming that you have read them. I could go for that too. This isn't objectionable to me. RoyGBiv wrote: Jumping Frog wrote: Purplehood wrote:I think that renewal "classes" should be an online review of current laws related to the CHL and an e-signature affirming that you have read them. That is what Ohio does. Attorney General publishes a "Concealed Carry Handbook". The CHL affirms under penalty of perjury that they have downloaded and reviewed the current pamphlet as part of the application. It'll never work. It's FAR too reasonable and requires people to exhibit a modicum of personal responsibility. I'd even be willing to buy a $5 handbook with the new laws at the time of renewal. . . or it could be added to the current fee. Keith B wrote:I am an instructor and believe there are enough people out there that do not stay up to date with law changes and need to be updated and let know about them. I would not mind seeing some type of online test with a larger question pool and random questions being chosen from the pool; that would at least require them to study the laws. As for shooting, there are a lot that come through that haven't shot in 5 years (last CHL proficiency). I think there still needs to be that portion. Some of our worst students on the range are the renewals. Keith, is this because they have bad attitudes, because they don't know (or pay attention to) range rules or because they are lousy shots? I got a lot out of my original class. Like others have said, however, it was just a starting point for me. I showed me all that I didn't understand and I've been studying ever since. I'm certain that I will get a lot out of my renewal course, too. On the other hand, I don't think that making people take the course necessarily helps with retaining knowledge on the Texas CHL related laws. Those that want to, will. Those for whom the class is simply a checkmark on the sheet probably won't. Most people that take the classes apparently have enough interest that they have retained sufficient information to keep themselves out of trouble. On balance, I wonder exactly want percentage of them actually put themselves in situations (by carrying most of the time) where it makes any difference. I don't know for sure, but unlike lowering the number of hours, deleting the renewal class entirely probably will have a negative impact on reciprocity. Any states that require our law to be equal to or more stringent than their law may cancel reciprocity with Texas. I don't know for sure, but unlike lowering the number of hours, deleting the renewal class entirely probably will have a negative impact on reciprocity. Any states that require our law to be equal to or more stringent than their law may cancel reciprocity with Texas. Chas. That's what I was going to ask. After this question was asked and answered in the other thread regarding the reduction in class time, it seemed like it might be relevant in this thread about the deletion of renewals. I am not and have never been a LEO. My avatar is in honor of my friend, Dallas Police Sargent Michael Smith, who was murdered along with four other officers in Dallas on 7.7.2016.NRA Patriot-Endowment Lifetime Member---------------------------------------------Si vis pacem, para bellum The_Busy_Mom wrote:Hmmmm....... That's one that I have to give some more thought to. If you go off the thought that CHL class is for education about the law (simplistic, I know), then you put a CHL license in the same category as a driver's license. You don't have to take a class to renew your driver's license, just get another picture and pay your fee when it expires. The argument is that you didn't have to take a class to get your driver license to begin with, so you wouldn't need a class to renew. The same cannot be (currently) said for CHL license. You have to have the class time to get the license, so I would say that some sort of renewal class would be needed. I would bet most of the people on this forum don't know about new laws that affect driver licenses (age restrictions being the big one that I can think of right off the top of my head). People who are responsible for conceal carrying a firearm should be up to speed on changing legislation. The most efficient way to do this is through a renewal class. I understand that ignorance of the law is no excuse. I'm just not really sure how I feel about someone carrying a firearm, basing their actions on information that might be 15 years old. Think about how much has changed since 1995/1996 when the program was enacted. I'll vote after I see some different sides to this coin. TBM Edited: Now that I typed out what I thought, I realize that the current 10 renewal requirement isn't much different than my point of 15 year old information. Critical thinking - it does a mind good. NOTE: Applicants under 25 years of age must also successfully complete a driver education course before applying for their first Texas driver license.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Q: Return all values in a function by entering "ALL" I have a function that lists all of a states zip codes and populations of each zip when a state abbreviation is entered (for example "KY" or "AL"). I want to return all zip codes and populations when "ALL" is entered, but I can't seem to figure out how to do that. I have tried to write in a for loop in the function to achieve this with no success. Here is the function: StatePop1 <- function(StAbb="KY"){ library(rjson) St <- c('AL','AK','AZ','AR','CA','CO','CT','DE','FL','GA','HI','ID','IL','IN','IA','KS','KY','LA','ME','MD','MA','MI','MN','MS','MO','MT','NE','NV','NH','NJ','NM','NY','NC','ND','OH','OK','OR','PA','RI','SC','SD','TN','TX','UT','VT','VA','WA','WV','WI','WY') FI <- c('01','02','04','05','06','08','09','10','12','13','15','16','17','18','19','20','21','22','23','24','25','26','27','28','29','30','31','32','33','34','35','36','37','38','39','40','41','42','44','45','46','47','48','49','50','51','53','54','55','56') FIPS.table <- data.frame(St,FI,stringsAsFactors = FALSE) StAbb <- toupper(StAbb) fips_code <- FIPS.table[FIPS.table$St == StAbb,"FI"] json_file <- paste("http://api.census.gov/data/2010/sf1?get=P0010001&for=zip+code+tabulation+area:&in=state:",fips_code,sep="") json_data <- fromJSON(file=json_file) Pop <- as.data.frame(do.call("rbind", json_data), stringsAsFactors = FALSE) names(Pop) <- c("Population","FIPS","ZipCode") Pop <- Pop[-1,] Pop$Population <- as.numeric(Pop$Population) Pop$ZipCode <- as.character(Pop$ZipCode) Pop$State <- StAbb Pop <- Pop[,c("State","ZipCode","Population")] return(Pop) } Any help would be appreciated. A: You just need to vectorize the input, so it can take any number of states, and if it is 'ALL' then make it the whole state list (which is also builtin as state.abb). I switched to jsonlite because it is faster, but should be the same functionality. StatePop1 <- function(StAbb="KY"){ library(jsonlite) if (length(StAbb) == 1 && StAbb == "ALL") StAbb <- state.abb # check for ALL FI <- c('01','02','04','05','06','08','09','10','12','13','15','16','17','18','19','20','21','22','23','24','25','26','27','28','29','30','31','32','33','34','35','36','37','38','39','40','41','42','44','45','46','47','48','49','50','51','53','54','55','56') FIPS.table <- data.frame(St=state.abb, FI, stringsAsFactors = FALSE) StAbb <- toupper(StAbb) fips_code <- FIPS.table[FIPS.table$St %in% StAbb,"FI"] # change to %in% json_file <- paste("http://api.census.gov/data/2010/sf1?get=P0010001&for=zip+code+tabulation+area:&in=state:",fips_code,sep="") json_data <- lapply(json_file, jsonlite::fromJSON) Pop <- data.frame(do.call(rbind, json_data), stringsAsFactors = FALSE) # dont need as.data.frame names(Pop) <- c("Population","FIPS","ZipCode") Pop <- Pop[-1,] Pop$Population <- as.numeric(Pop$Population) Pop$ZipCode <- as.character(Pop$ZipCode) Pop$State <- FIPS.table[match(Pop$FIPS, FIPS.table$FI), "St"] # match states Pop <- Pop[,c("State","ZipCode","Population")] return(Pop) } ## Example, now passing any of the following should work res <- StatePop1('KY') res <- StatePop1(c('NH','KY')) res <- StatePop1('All')	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
// // MMTrainWorkModel.m // MicroMannage // // Created by 倪望龙 on 2017/3/17. // Copyright © 2017年 xunyijia. All rights reserved. // #import "MMTrainWorkModel.h" @implementation MMTrainWorkModel @end	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
Milbenkäse Milbenkäse ("mite cheese"), called Mellnkase in the local dialect and often known (erroneously) as Spinnenkäse ("spider cheese"), is a German speciality cheese. It is made by flavouring balls of quark (a type of soft cheese) with caraway and salt, allowing them to dry, and then leaving them in a wooden box containing rye flour and cheese mites for about three months. An enzyme in the digestive juices excreted by the mites causes the cheese to ripen. Milbenkäse is said to taste similar to Harzer cheese, but with a bitter note (increasing with age) and a distinctive zesty aftertaste. Mites clinging to the cheese rind are consumed along with the cheese. Historically, the cheese was produced in the Zeitz and Altenburg districts of the Saxony-Anhalt / Thuringia border region; today it is produced exclusively in the village of Würchwitz, in the state of Saxony-Anhalt. The traditional method of making Milbenkäse, which dates back to the Middle Ages, was nearly lost by 1970, with only the elderly Liesbeth Brauer knowing the technique. Local science teacher Helmut Pöschel was taught the proper way to make it and together with his associate, Christian Schmelzer, succeeded in revitalizing the tradition. A Cheese Mite Memorial was later erected at Würchwitz to celebrate the renaissance of Milbenkäse production. Production Quark flavoured with salt and caraway is shaped into small balls, cylinders or wheels, and dried. Then it is placed in a wooden box containing rye flour and inhabited by Tyrophagus casei mites for at least three months. The digestive juices of the mites diffuse into the cheese and cause fermentation; the flour is added because the mites would otherwise simply eat the whole cheese instead of just nibbling away at the crust as is desired. After one month, the cheese rind turns yellow; after three months, reddish brown. Some producers allow the cheese to ripen for up to one year, until it has turned black. Legality Milbenkäse falls into something of a legal grey area: EU Regulation 178/2002 allows the sale of foodstuffs containing living animals if they are "prepared for placing on the market for human consumption". On the other hand, cheese mites or their digestive juices are not explicitly permitted as additives for cheese according to the relevant German food ordinances (Zusatzstoff-Zulassungsverordnung and Käseverordnung). Milbenkäse is produced under a permit by the local food safety office and HACCP compliance of the product is enforced. Similar cheeses Cheese mites are used in cheese maturing elsewhere. The most famous example is probably Mimolette from northeastern France and nearby Belgium. Other French cheeses - mainly from the Massif Central, the French Alps and the Pyrenees - sometimes host cheese mites in their crust more (e.g. old Cantal and Salers) or less (e.g. certain Tomme de Montagne varieties) by accident. But most of these cheeses are semi-hard to hard rennet cheeses, whereas Milbenkäse is a softer sour milk cheese. The Spanish Cabrales cheese of the Asturias region also contains living cheese mites, though they are few in number, inhabit the mould canals, and take no significant part in the maturation of this blue cheese. Another cheese that contains living animals is casu marzu, which contains maggots of the cheese fly. See also German cuisine List of German cheeses List of cheeses References External links This article draws heavily on the corresponding article in the German-language Wikipedia. German language site about mite cheese German language article on mite cheese Category:German cheeses Category:Arachnids as food Category:Cuisine of Saxony-Anhalt Category:Thuringian cuisine	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
February 14, 2007 Simple it may be, but few in federal Washington even seem to notice that the country they came to rule has crumbled around them and fewer still would accept the notion that it might be useful to inquire as to the cause of this disaster. The disaster, of course, is that of the country -- not that of its elite, which still floats like a hovercraft above the roiled waters of America. To be sure, the more traditional faction of this elite has suffered a significant political blow in recent months, but now there is a new elite, headed by a man who hails from the richest county in Georgia, represents some of the wealthiest interests in the country, and still manages to call other people "elitist." This particular form of demagoguery is far from novel. Nixon and Wallace used it freely but then socio-economically they had better credentials for doing so. By 1978, says William Safire, elitism had already "become a standard blast at anyone with an undue regard for excellence as a criterion for the receipt of money or power." The old elite, in its purest form, went to Ivy schools, practiced law or investments, and belonged to the Council on Foreign Relations. The new elite has been raised in the groves of advertising, marketing and focus groups, and is representative not of its legislative districts but of the largest trade associations. Its members speak not American but postmodern Orwellian. Listening to their rhetoric is like being trapped at table 129 -- with a bursting bladder and all the doors locked -- during a never-endng congressional dinner of the Asbestos Manufacturers Association. The members of this new elite may be different, yet by income, attitude and isolation, they are every bit as elitist as those they have expelled. Thus the recent transfer of power was not from elitism to populism, but rather from one elite to another. And it did not happen, contrary to what one might glean from the elite media, as a result of some stunning sagacity on the part of the new crowd, but mostly due to the compounding ignorance, insularity and ineffectiveness of the old. This old elite particularly prided itself in its wisdom and intelligence, but its greatest true skill was the successful circumnavigation of collective guilt. No embarrassment was too great, no crisis too unnecessary, no expense too inexplicable, and no war too unjustified, that it became ashamed. Instead, its members would rise as one to pronounce it not the time for blame, but rather for moving forward together into the future. Everyone would nod their heads and the foxes would renovate the chicken house once more. Psychologically impervious to either misfortune or fact, this elite never felt any need for rigorous self-examination. When things got truly out of hand, as when a president was assassinated, a blue ribbon investigation would be called, producing a ritual of introspection that, almost without exception, came to conclusions that were faulty, incomplete or deliberately deceptive. When members of the elite faltered -- a Kissinger, Helms, McNamara, Abrams and so forth -- their peers moved quickly to protect, rehabilitate and restore them to the pantheon of the wise. Given that more than ten percent of the Council on Foreign Relations -- a sort of Elks Club for the tenured elite -- is composed of journalists, it is not surprising to find the latter often serving as EMTs, reviving some beloved source suffering a momentary attack of imperfection. This service was not, of course, provided to all. For example, surgeons general from the lesser ethnic groups could not expect rehabilitation, nor could individuals whose misdeeds were personal rather than merely an abrogation of the Constitution. All this was carried out with a numbing smugness. Like the Cromwell described in A Man for All Seasons, the prototypical member of the old elite possesses "a self conceit that can cradle gross crimes in the name of effective action." But now, without doubt, the party is over. To be sure, the elite does not admit this any more than it admits it exists at all, but to those like myself born on the cusp of the Second World War there is no point to the pretense. We remember the victories and the celebrations of them; we remember men standing motionless for the national anthem in baseball stadiums with fedoras held over their hearts; the jobs waiting for you when you graduated from college; politicians who were revered; newscasters who were trusted; and music that dripped syrup over our spirits and made them sweet and sticky. We remember when there was a right and wrong and who belonged with each. We remember a time when those in power lied and were actually able to fool us. We remember what a real myth is like. Now, among the young or the ethnic, you can't raise a majority that is proud of this country. Most Americans believe we are on the wrong track. We hate our politicians, ignore our moral voices, and distrust our media. We have destroyed the natural habitats of the southern white pine and of the northern black human. We have created the nation's first downwardly mobile generation, reduced their parent's income, and removed the jobs of each to distant lands. We have sold our downtowns to foreign companies and sold our environment to domestic ones. We have created rapacious oligopolies of defense and medicine, frittered away public revenues and watched indifferently as the slain, the homeless and the miserable pile up. Perhaps most telling, we are no longer able to admire, but only to gawk. Many of the symbols of America remain, but they have become crude -- desperately or commercially imitative of something that is no longer there. We still stand for the Star Spangled Banner, but we no longer know what to do while on our feet. We still subscribe to the morning paper but it reads like stale beer. And we still vote, but expect ever less in return. Turning on others An awfulness has come over us. We have become obsessed with what we should ignore and ignore what we should honor. We seem to have lost capacity for either grace or decency. Something profound has happened and yet we are not even talking about it. The media won't tell us because it is largely servile towards, or owned by, those who have profited from the debacle. Instead, it daily aggravates our tendency to salve our discouragement by turning on others even more helpless than ourselves. The assault on the poor, minorities and immigrants is not an accident. It is what people do when they're not told what's really wrong, when the media won't let them in on the secret. It's one of power's oldest tricks: to deflect blame downward so the victims fight among themselves. Nor is the destruction of social programs at every level mere happenstance. With the collapse of America's post-war empire, the country's elite has become increasingly concerned with getting more for itself while getting us to accept less. Hence the New York City budget that cut 24% from social services and added 7% to the police. It is, after all, cheaper to shoot or bury them then it is to sustain them. As Latin American countries have found, the children can live on the streets and the wealthy can hire guards to stand in front of their walled homes and life can be very pleasant as long as you are behind the wall and don't really think about it too much. There is not among the elite, old or new, even any particular loyalty to this country. More and more, its business is elsewhere; and it is shamelessly willing to use political power to further that business. It seeks a playing field of greatly weakened countries in which stateless corporations and their managers are accountable to no one. The pledge of allegiance has been replaced by trade agreements. The House Speaker talks of America; his wife works abroad. Thus not only does the American elite lack any sense of guilt for what has happened, it is, like a hit and run driver, leaving the scene of the accident. More and more, those who run this country have the character of wealthy, isolated strangers -- armed but afraid, intrusive yet indifferent, personally profligate but politically penurious, priggish in rhetoric yet corrupt in action. No longer does even national myth connect them with the greater mass of America. Nor, any longer, does politics separate them from each other; Republicans and Democrats have become, rather than choices, degrees of the same thing. Hi, I'm America and I'm a recovering country It is long overdue time to admit such things -- and to force our leaders and the media to admit them as well. One of the less observed utilities of the 1960s was serving as a group intervention, interrupting the self-justified intoxication of the elite consensus. This intervention provided the intellectual, moral and psychological framework for much that happened. We need such intervention now. We need to speak the truth. To admit freely that America has crashed. To tell the story of how America's own elite helped to bring it down. And to argue that, by consequence, they have lost their license to lead. We further need to commence the sort of inquiry that disasters demand, an investigation into the death of American substance and of the American spirit. Before such an inquiry we might bring such evidence as: The Vietnam War, the first great public disaster of the post-WWII best and brightest. The destruction of the America city, beginning with the subsidized suburbanization of the fifties, continuing through the economic abandonment of downtowns in the 70s and 80s, and ending with the Reagan-Bush-Clinton withdrawal of urban aid. Three decades of mob politics during which the country's elite snuggled up to its intelligence agencies, which in turn made numerous deleterious pacts with criminals, freebooters and drug lords. The drug war, now more dangerous to black US males than was serving in Vietnam. A barbaric, unconstitutional, and counterproductive battle that has placed large sections of our cities under para-military occupation and has corrupted our political life -- from police precincts to governors' mansions. The failure to exercise ecological wisdom before large numbers of human lives were endangered, species damaged or destroyed, and lands ruined. The development of the corporate state in which the government is increasingly reduced to serving ever more powerful oligopolies. The conversion of medicine from a public service to a corporate exploitive enterprise. .The encouragement of economic desertion. Through such means as NAFTA and GATT, America has hastened the emigration of its own commercial base. The failure to halt the growing monopolization of information and ideas in the American media. The retreat from common responsibility for the problems of the nation's less fortunate. The nomination of Bill Clinton, a president picked, managed and bankrolled by America's elite. This final error devastated the Democratic Party and made possible last November's right-wing coup. In each of these instances, the plans were drawn, sold and executed by those who considered themselves among the nation's smartest men and women. And in each case, the nation paid a fearful price. In the end we have been left with a country devoid of confidence, a nation beset by fears, short on jobs, bereft of joy, disputatious, sniveling, without compassion, internationally impotent, domestically catatonic -- in a word, shattered. While other generations of leaders have failed the country, none has managed to do quite so much damage. The first step in recovery is to reveal how this came about, and by whose hand, and then to tell them to be off.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Q: Can't include STL header files with Android NDK r5 I've got a very simplistic application: #include <vector> void android_main(struct android_app* state) { } When I build it, I get the following error: test/jni/main.c:14:18: error: vector: No such file or directory How the hell do I include STL header files? I've found stlport, and I can see the header files exist in it's directory, but how do include them? Edit: My Application.mk file has the following line: APP_STL := stlport_static A: test/jni/main.c:14:18: error: vector: No such file or directory You're compiling with a C compiler, probably. Change the extension to *.cpp and check that a C++ compiler is invoked in the tool-chain. A: Read the documentation in $NDKROOT/docs. Specifically CPLUSPLUSSUPPORT.html. The default C++ library supports only a very limited set of features. The c++ library can be changed with the APP_STL variable in your Application.mk.	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Sigma Patent for 8mm f/1.8 Fisheye MFT Lens Sigma has filed a new patent in Japan. The new patent refers to a bright 8mm f/1.8 Fisheye designed for Micro Four Thirds cameras. A bright ultra wide-angle prime such as Sigma 8mm f/1.8 will be great for users of Micro Four Thirds system. However we have to underline that this is only the patent application. So don’t expect the product become available on the market in the near future.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Hottest technology and news Category: News What You Must Learn About Gangstar Vegas? Gangstar Vegas is an online multiplayer game available on both on-device app store and users can download the game according to the supported device. You might know that game is based on the gangster theme, in which users have to fight against various enemies for instance zombies, mafia member and other several opponents according to the requirement of the mission. In this game, gamers have to complete the mission in order to earn in-game resources, which help the players to survive in the virtual world with ease. There are lots more innovate elements added in the game, which encourage the gamers to spend their spare time on the Gangstar Vegas platform. The main of the users in the game is to guide the character to walk on the uncharted path and resolve the problem conveniently by fabricating flexible tactics. However, there are some players who find it hard to challenge the hassles in the game and end up losing their interest in the game. Premium Currency Manual In this game, users have to fight with the several enemies in order to earn cash and diamonds if you want more resource by trying Gangstar Vegas Hack, which support the gamers to purchase a variety of stuff in the game. Firstly, the weapons in the Gangstar Vegas are the important items, which are required to overcome the hard part of the game. Secondly, the armor, it helps to enhance the lifeline of the character. Thirdly, movie bucks that you can attain by watching the advertisement offered in the game. It helps the users to unwind the chest in order to gain a huge amount of in-game resources in the form of cash, premium diamonds and lastly rare items. Finally, the most interesting element is to rob the people of the city in the game in order to earn money. So, utilize these ways and dominate the game with ease.… New Firefox Runs Like a Rabbit New version releases of browsers aren’t getting the buzz that they had to buy, however, Firefox Quantum can be an exclusion. The most recent variant of the Mozilla Foundation’s browser, released Tuesday, is all about performance. Firefox is twice as fast since it was a year past, Mozilla maintained. “We have an improved balance of memory to performance compared to the rest of the browsers,” said Firefox Vicepresident for Product Nick Nguyen. “We use 30 percent less memory, and the reason for that is that we could devote the range of procedures Firefox uses in your pc dependent on the hardware which you have,” he told TechNewsWorld. Along with declaring Quantum’s release, Mozilla on Tuesday said it’d made google-its default search provider in america and Canada. Revenues from this partnership should reap Mozilla. Mozilla’s release of Quantum had been a defensive move, ” he told TechNewsWorld. “It is to stop further erosion of the Firefox user base, that has brought a solid hit over the previous couple of years.” Quantum could do more for Mozilla than simply prevent Firefox defections, claimed Charles King, principal analyst in pundit. “Quantum generally seems to be designed to attract former users, who mostly abandoned Mozilla to get Google Chrome, back to Firefox,” he told TechNewsWorld. “Quantum’s advent also coincides in everything seems like increasing disaffection among both users of Google Chrome and Micro Soft Edge,” King added. “Put simply, there could not be much better time for Mozilla to introduce a spiffy new browser. ” Tough Browser Market Even with operation advantages, Quantum will find it tough to catch browser share in leader Chrome, that owned about 47 percent of their desktop market as of a month, based on numbers out of NetMarketShare. With 6.53 percentage of the current market, Firefox was a distant third, supporting Microsoft Internet Explorer with 12.52 percent. “The new Firefox Quantum is considerably faster, which was a major issue for the older Firefox,” said Greg Sterling, vice president of insight and strategy to the localsearch Association.…	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
The role of neopterin as a monitor of cellular immune activation in transplantation, inflammatory, infectious, and malignant diseases. The accumulated knowledge about the organization and function of the human immune system contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of most diverse disorders and is opening new avenues for therapeutic regimens. To gain further insight into the complex interactions within the components of the immune system, it has become increasingly necessary to develop rapid and simple methods to monitor the status of the immune system in patients. The determination of neopterin concentrations in human body fluids allows to investigate sensitively the cell-mediated immune status to be investigated with considerable sensitivity. In recent years it was shown that production and release of neopterin is inducible in human monocytes/macrophages by interferon gamma. Increased neopterin levels indicate endogenous formation of gamma interferon, and monitoring of neopterin levels therefore permits the activation status of the cell-mediated immune system to be examined. Neopterin concentrations in serum and in urine increase in parallel to the clinical course of infections with viruses, intracellular bacteria, and parasites. In patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection neopterin concentration in serum and urine is a significant predictor of disease progression, the statistical power being similar to CD4+ T-cell numbers. In patients with autoimmune disorders, neopterin levels correlate with the extent and the activity of the disease. Neopterin concentrations are also sensitive indicators of immunological complications in allograft recipients. In certain malignant diseases neopterin concentrations correlate with the stage of the disease and bear prognostic information. Results of neopterin measurements agree with the important role that the cellular immune system plays in these disorders.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Take 8% of your gross income, and that’s your tax cut. Take 1.5% of the equity in your house and that’s the additional tax to pay. This gives you roughly (and I mean rough) the order of magnitude of how closing the loophole in the income tax regime affects you. Feedback from the beach BBQs so far this summer tells me people want some idea of how TOP’s flagship policy – making New Zealand fair again – affects them. While I’ve said 80% of people will be either better off or insignificantly affected, self-interest is hard for many to resist. There are very good reasons for why I don’t want to be precise. The final shape of any package depends on so many variables – will we have minimum thresholds for asset values included or not (I favour none, I love the fact GST is so clean)? Will the income tax cuts apply across-the-board or be skewed towards those on lower incomes (my preference)? What minimum taxable income on assets will be imposed? What does the time profile of the transition to full implementation look like (remember there is no intention to “collapse” house prices)? And so on – the questions are endless. And well they might be until the final form is known. And that has to be negotiated with the government of the day. The above are some very crude rules of thumb to work out what such a closing of the tax loophole might mean for you. This is how I can simplify it. Most people have an average income tax rate of about 24%. For those people you can expect a cut in your average tax rate of about one third – around 8% of your declared income. As I’ve said I’d prefer the poor to receive larger tax cuts, but for now lets assume it is proportional across the spectrum. Meanwhile, we can assume the tax collect on your assets is maximum 1.5%. We’ll start by looking at the median household; which earns $76k and has just under $300k in assets ($264k is in housing). They are saving $6k in income tax and paying $4k more. So under our tax plan the median household would be $2,000 better off each and every year; that is $40 a week. This should be no surprise, because like I said, 80% are better off. Now lets look at the top 20%. The top 20% of households earn over $135k and have assets over $815k ($710 of which is in housing). Now wealthy households may not have a high income and vice versa but on average they do. So for households at this 80th percentile of society, their income tax falls by $11k, which is about the same as the extra tax they will pay. Assets tend to become much more significant after this point, so we’d expect the wealthiest 20% to pay more tax, and I’d argue they can afford it. Final example – to ensure you’ve got the principle here, even if the numbers are crude. You earn $100k and you have net equity in the house of $200k. The tax cut is 8% of $100k or $8k and the effect of closing the loophole is to raise tax by 1.5% of $200k or $3k. You are $5k better off each year. Now please, appreciate that these numbers are indicative only but should give you a feel for the nature of this revolt against tax unfairness. If I have no declared income but own a $2m house without debt then my tax rises by $30k. If I’m a pensioner, that could be paid by a rising mortgage to the IRD (an amount that falls each year because your equity in the house drops). If not – well yes – it’s time for me to “rearrange my portfolio”. Now the reason I’d phase in the closing of the loophole, is precisely to give these people – who let’s face it are in the business of investing for capital gains – time to reposition, without house prices collapsing on them. The way I evaluated the package is by simulating a whole lot of various combinations of rates and thresholds. The range of outcomes showed that anywhere between 75% and 90% of people would be left insignificantly affected or better off – so that’s why I talk about 80% in that category, and 20% being caught by the closing of this loophole. So there’s a really rough set of numbers that you can use to think about this. It’s all about fairness and bringing to an end the vast dollops of wealth that people are accumulating through no effort – while merrily shutting more and more people out of the housing market. To me it’s a no-brainer and overdue. You might say – bugger that, I like making money for no effort. Your call of course – but let’s not forget why this is necessary. The tax loophole sees owners of assets (like me) escaping a lot of income tax that would not be possible if all forms of income (as income is identified in the GDP accounts) were taxed equally. The consequence of decades of allowing that anomaly to persist includes (a) Housing is stupidly unaffordable now, rents chew way too much of family income and in short – those of us that own property, increase our wealth at the expense of those who do not. Nobody in his or her right mind should see that as okay. Of course there will be some of those who are benefitting greatly from this, and who don’t give a stuff about others. They would not vote TOP. But those of us who actually care about New Zealand, and not just ourselves – do see the need for change. (b) Businesses are starved of investment capital because you and I don’t save and invest nearly enough. We don’t need to, I get richer and richer just by owning property, no effort required – yippee. Pity about the grandkids trying to get on the gravy train. (c) If businesses don’t get normal access to capital they don’t expand and create jobs to their potential. They certainly can’t afford to pay higher wages. While average per hour wage rates in New Zealand have risen about 1% pa above inflation over the last 20 years, the median wage rise is less – and of course allowing for fiscal drag (tax bracket creep) and the rise in housing costs, disposable incomes have been stagnant for many. (d) inequality keeps rising – I’m okay Jack, I’ll buy another house or two and then let’s pull up the ladder behind us. (e) We keep falling over ourselves to make it easier and easier for foreign companies to invest here. We give them tax breaks, subsidies and all manner of privileges – so gagging for their capital we have become, given we don’t save much ourselves nor invest those meagre savings productively. So the problems are obvious, the cure is straightforward. But are we up for it? Hopefully some numbers might help you clarify for yourself whether you are prepared to make New Zealand fair again – and as a result see greater prosperity for all.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one # or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file # distributed with this work for additional information # regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file # to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance # with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at # # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, # software distributed under the License is distributed on an # "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY # KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the # specific language governing permissions and limitations # under the License. from aliyunsdkcore.request import RpcRequest from aliyunsdkdrds.endpoint import endpoint_data class DescribeDrdsComponentsRequest(RpcRequest): def __init__(self): RpcRequest.__init__(self, 'Drds', '2019-01-23', 'DescribeDrdsComponents','Drds') self.set_method('POST') if hasattr(self, "endpoint_map"): setattr(self, "endpoint_map", endpoint_data.getEndpointMap()) if hasattr(self, "endpoint_regional"): setattr(self, "endpoint_regional", endpoint_data.getEndpointRegional()) def get_CommodityCode(self): return self.get_query_params().get('CommodityCode') def set_CommodityCode(self,CommodityCode): self.add_query_param('CommodityCode',CommodityCode)	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
There are many luxury elements in packaging that make can make a package stand out, none of which are as widespread and obvious as neodymium magnetic closures commonly seen in custom luxury packaging .This magnet closure is commonly seen even beyond packaging and is seen in other products bumper magnets and toys. As the demand for luxury packaging has increased, so has the use of the magnets within packaging. The advantages of magnets are what really make the use their usage a clear choice for most packaging designers for packaging clasps and closures. The magnetic closure makes for a super sleek closure that is virtually invisible but rarely goes unappreciated. It is also relatively easy to add and structurally superior to other options like metal hinges and velcro clasps. Magnetic closures also have the unique ability to be extremely reliable after nearly endless actuations. So how exactly are magnetic closures implemented in to packaging? Magnets are commonly one of two shapes, round or rectangular and includes a portion that is the actual magnet and its counterpart which is typically made of steel. The steel portion is cheaper and attracted to the magnet . These components come in a variety of forms but commonly these magnets have similar dimensions as a penny WHICH only measure a few centimeters in diameter and only a few millimeters in thickness. Typically the thickness will match the thickness of the chipboard so that magnet fits flush within the chipboard. During manufacturing the placement of these magnets is indicated in the v so that recesses can be cut in the chipboard to allow for the magnets to sit within the chipboard. The box is then wrapped, which covers those magnets. Because the magnets are the correct size they go relatively unnoticed within. The ability for the magnet to remain unseen is a major design capability that has been heavily exploited for high end packaging across all industries. On top of that these magnetic closures have proven to be more reliable than other types of closures like metal latches or velcro seals. The magnet most importantly leaves a lasting impression on consumers. The streamline look and satisfying click is what really why brands choose to pay a premium for a sleek and memorable packaging experience that truly elevates a packaging experience.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
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Introduction ============ The use of bicycles by children is a common and desirable activity in Canadian society. Several types of bicycle helmet legislation for young people have recently been adopted in various Canadian jurisdictions in an attempt to make bicycling a safer activity. In this paper, we examine bicycle helmet use and bicycling-related injury across population subgroups defined socially, economically and geographically in order to identify sub-population patterns and describe possible unfair and remediable differences, namely inequities that might exist and require attention. There is a significant amount of existing literature related to the use and effectiveness of bicycle helmets and bicycle helmet legislation, including three relevant Cochrane Collaboration systematic reviews \[[@B1]-[@B3]\]. The literature is roughly divided into two types. First, there are studies that examine the relationship between helmets and injuries (see for example \[[@B1],[@B2],[@B4]-[@B9]\], and second, studies that examine helmet use itself including the many determinants of helmet use or non-use and the interventions associated with encouragement of the use of helmets (see for example \[[@B3],[@B10]-[@B14]\]. There has been limited previous work that has examined the distribution of bicycling-related injury or helmet use. Bicycle and transportation safety education appears to be more successful with children under the age of 12 than with adolescents or young adults \[[@B15]-[@B17]\], there is some evidence suggesting the occurrence of sex and racial differences in helmet use \[[@B16],[@B18]\] as well as evidence linking helmet nonuse and bicycling-related injury with lower socioeconomic status \[[@B17]-[@B23]\]. There remains a need for further research into group differences in bicycle helmet use and bicycle-related injury among young people to identify vulnerable population sub-groups beyond, and in addition to, those divided by sex, age and socioeconomic status and particularly youth in different social and geographic contexts. The aim of our study was to identify sub-population patterns and possible inequities associated with bicycling, bicycle helmet use and bicycling-relating injury in young Canadians in order to better understand the health protection or health risk profile for these behaviours. Using data from Cycle 6 (2009/10) of the Canadian Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Survey (HBSC), we addressed two study objectives: (1) To examine national patterns of bicycle and bicycle helmet use among Canadian youth by age, sex, school grade, socioeconomic status, number of years in Canada and urban--rural geographic location, and (2) To examine the point prevalence of bicycling-related injury and the association between these injury estimates and the same socio-demographic characteristics of Canadian youth. Methods ======= Data source ----------- The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study is a cross-national survey conducted in collaboration with the World Health Organization. The 6^th^ cycle of the HBSC was undertaken in Canada in the 2009/10 school-year with 26,078 young Canadians, mostly aged 11 to 15, from 436 schools in 8 provinces and the 3 territories (all but Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick participated). The national sample was stratified by province/territory, type of school board (public vs. separate), urban--rural geographic status, school population size, and language of instruction (French vs. English) with standardized population weights generated to account for the over- or under-sampling in specific regions. Young people were not included in the survey if they were home schooled, attended private school, attended school on First Nations reserves, were incarcerated or did not provide informed consent (explicit or implicit, as per local school board protocol). The national study protocol was approved by the Queen's University General Research Ethics Board. Response rates were 11/13 (84.6%) at the province/territorial level, 436/765 (57.0%) at the level of schools, and 26,078/33,868 (77.0%) at the individual student level. Variables for analysis ---------------------- ### Bicycle and bicycle helmet Use Question \#86 of the survey asked: During the past 12 months, how often did you wear a helmet when you rode a bicycle? The response options were: I did not ride a bicycle; Never; Sometimes; Most of the time; and Always. Students who responded that they did not ride a bicycle were identified as non-riders. All other students were considered riders. Among riders, consistency in wearing a bike helmet (Never, Sometimes, Most of the time, and Always) was also reported. We collapsed the "sometimes" and "most of the time" categories into one category that we labeled inconsistent helmet use. ### Youth Sub-groups Demographic items were recorded for each student including sex (male/female), age (in years), school grade (\<8, 8--9, 10+), years in Canada (lifetime/born in Canada, immigrant \>5 years, immigrant ≤ 5 years); socio-economic status (self-perceived below average, average or above average) \[[@B24]\] and urban--rural status by population size of the students' school's census subdivision (rural = \< 1000; small town = 1000--29,999; medium urban centre ≥ 30,000-99,999 and large urban centre ≥100,000). These urban--rural groupings are based on Statistics Canada suggested approach and cut-offs \[[@B25]\]. The grade categories roughly divide the students by younger (elementary), middle (equivalent to junior high school ages) and older (high school levels). ### Injury Experiences with bicycling-related injuries were derived from a question that asked whether participants had one or more injuries during the past 12 months that required treatment by a doctor or nurse. If injured, the students were then asked to think of their one most serious injury and then, what they were doing when the injury occurred. One of the response options to this follow-up question was bicycling/cycling. In this way we were able to identify a specific subset of bicycling-related injuries. Due to the lack of specificity of the available items, we were not able to specify further the exact type of bicycling-related injury that occurred. Approach to analysis -------------------- Bicycle ridership and bicycle helmet use were profiled using conventional descriptive statistics for population subgroups defined by age, sex, school grade, socioeconomic status, number of years in Canada and urban--rural geographic location. Poisson regression analyses, using the SAS Procedure PROC GLIMMIX which considered the weighted and multi-level (clustered) nature of the HBSC sampling design, were conducted to relate age, sex, urban--rural geographic location, socioeconomic status and number of years in Canada to reports of bicycle-related injury. Relative risks and associated 95% confidence intervals (with inflation for clustering) were estimated. All data analyses were conducted using SAS (version 9.3). We did not analyze injury by helmet use because the specific focus of this project was to profile bicycling and bicycling-related injury outcomes by different population subgroups, not to determine associations between injuries and use of helmets. Results ======= Of the overall sample of 26,078 students, 74% (95% CI ±0.53) of them reported riding a bike in the last 12 months. A description of the overall study sample and bicycle ridership by sex, age, school grade, socioeconomic status, urban--rural geographic location and number of years in Canada is provided in Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}. Independent factors associated with bicycle ridership include being male, a younger student, more affluent, and from a small town. ###### A description of the overall study sample and the bicycle ridership\[[@B1]\] Sub-group Overall sample Bicycle ridership ------------------------- -------------------- ---------------------------- Sex: Boys 12 815 (49.2) 10 085 (52.0) (row % 78.7) Girls 13 254 (50.8) 9322 (48.0) (row % 70.3) Age: Mean (SD) 13.3 (1.6) 13.3 (1.6) Range in years 9 to 19 10 to 19 Grade level: \< 8 10 370 (39.8) 8180 (42.2) (row % 78.9) 8-9 10 661 (40.9) 7708 (39.8) (row % 72.3) ≥ 10 5047 (19.3) 3521 (18.1) (row % 69.8) Socio-Economic status: Above average 13 998 (56.9) 10 817 (58.0) (row % 77.3) Average 8276 (33.6) 6176 (33.1) (row % 74.6) Below average 2339 (9.5) 1652 (8.9) (row % 70.6) Urban--rural Location: Large Urban Centre 8589 (32.9) 6161 (31.7) (row % 71.7) Medium Urban Centre 5739 (22.0) 4174 (21.5) (row % 72.7) Small Town 10 767 (41.3) 8329 (42.9) (row % 77.4) Rural 983 (3.8) 746 (3.8) (row % 75.9) Years in Canada: Lifetime (born in Can.) 18 466 (71.5) 13 855 (72.0) (row % 75.0) Immigrant \> 5 yrs 6143 (23.8) 4642 (24.1) (row % 75.6) Immigrant ≤ 5 yrs 1212 (4.7) 750 (3.9) (row 61.9) ^1^. Totals in each cell may not add exactly to corresponding "n" as the number of responses varies slightly by survey question. Among the 19,410 students who reported that they rode bicycles, we examined patterns of bicycle helmet use. Overall, 43% (95%CI ±0.6%) of riders reported never wearing a helmet, 32% (95%CI ±0.6%) inconsistently wore a helmet and 26% (95%CI ±0.5%) reported always wearing a helmet while riding a bicycle in the past 12 months. Table [2](#T2){ref-type="table"} provides a breakdown of helmet use patterns by sex, age, school grade, socioeconomic status, urban--rural geographic location and years in Canada. Independent factors associated with always wearing a helmet include being a younger student, above average socioeconomically, and from a medium sized urban area. ###### Helmet use patterns among bicyclists by sub-group\[[@B2]\] Sub-group Never wears a helmet, (count and row %) Inconsistently wears a helmet (count and row %) Always wears a helmet, (count and row %) --------------------------- --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- Sex: Boys (n= 10085) 4394 (43.6) 3102 (30.8) 2589 (25.7) Girls (n= 9322) 3871 (41.5) 3019 (32.4) 2432 (26.1) Age: Mean (SD) 13.9 (1.5) 13.1 (1.5) 12.5 (1.4) Range in years 10 to 18 10 to 19 10 to 17 Grade level: \< 8 (n= 8178) 2139 (26.2) 2852 (34.9) 3187 (39.0) 8-9 (n= 7708) 3794 (49.2) 2462 (32.0) 1452 (18.8) ≥ 10 (n= 3522) 2332 (66.2) 809 (23.0) 381 (10.8) Socio-Economic status: Above average (n=10818) 4378 (40.5) 3501 (32.4) 2939 (27.2) Average (n= 6176) 2785 (45.1) 1917 (31.0) 1474 (23.9) Below average (n= 1653) 811 (49.1) 467 (28.3) 375 (22.7) Urban--rural Location: Large Urban (n= 6161) 2597 (42.2) 1980 (32.1) 1584 (25.7) Medium Urban (n= 4174) 1605 (38.5) 1345 (32.2) 1224 (29.3) Small Town (n= 8329) 3714 (44.6) 2539 (30.5) 2076 (24.9) Rural (n= 745) 349 (46.8) 257 (34.5) 139 (18.7) Years in Canada: Born in Can. (n= 13,855) 5987 (43.2) 4255 (30.7) 3613 (26.1) Immigrant \> 5y (n= 4642) 1883 (40.6) 1544 (33.3) 1215 (26.2) Immigrant ≤ 5y (n= 750) 331 (44.1) 275 (36.7) 144 (19.2) ^2^. Totals in each cell may not add exactly to corresponding "n" as the number of responses varies slightly for each survey question. Among only the reported cyclists, we also examined the prevalence of bicycling-related injury and the association between the experience of an injury and a student's demographic characteristics (age, sex, school grade, socioeconomic status, number of years in Canada and urban--rural geographic location). Percentages of students in each subgroup reporting a medically treated bicycle-related injury ranged from a high of 6.9% (among boys or new immigrant students) to a low of 3.4% among girls. Table [3](#T3){ref-type="table"} provides the crude and adjusted relative risk for bicycling-related injury for levels of the different demographic characteristics. ###### Results of multiple logistic regression analysis examining direct effects of specific socio- demographic characteristics on risks for bicycling-related injury Socio-demographic characteristic Crude relative risk Adjusted relative risk -------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------- ------ ---------------- ---------- ------------------- Sex Female 310 3.4 1.00 1.00 Male 671 6.9 2.13 \[1.85-2.46\] 2.02 \[1.78-2.30\] Age ≥ 15 yrs 429 6.4 1.00 1.00 13-14 yrs 362 4.9 0.77 \[0.66-0.90\] 0.77 \[0.66-0.90\] \< 13 yrs 188 4.0 0.62 \[0.53-0.78\] 0.62 \[0.51-0.76\] Socioeconomic Status Above Average 542 5.1 1.00 Average 314 5.2 1.01 \[0.88--1.16\] Below Average 84 5.2 0.99 \[0.79-1.25\] Urban--rural Geographic Location Large urban 307 5.1 1.00 Medium urban 189 4.7 1.01 \[0.79-1.30\] Small Town 442 5.5 1.10 \[0.89-1.37\] Rural 42 5.9 1.21 \[0.79-1.85\] Years in Canada Born in Canada 654 4.9 1.00 1.00 Immigrant \> 5 yrs 267 5.9 1.23 \[1.06-1.42\] 1.14 \[0.98-1.32\] Immigrant ≤ 5 yrs 50 6.9 1.43 \[1.07-1.93\] 1.35 \[1.00-1.82\] ^3^. Estimated using multi-level procedures; students nested within schools, and SAS PROC GLIMMIX Procedure. ^4^. Model was adjusted for sex, age group, socio-economic status, urban--rural geographic status, and years in Canada. We have calculated adjusted relative risk estimates only for those variables that were included in the final regression model. Adjusting for all other demographic characteristics, boys had a 2.02-fold increase (95% CI: 1.78-2.30) in the relative risk of bicycle-related injury relative to girls, while new immigrants a 1.35-fold increase (95%CI: 1.00-1.82) in the relative risk compared to those students born in Canada. Being younger was protective against bicycling-related injury. Although not statistically significant, students from small towns and rural settings showed slightly higher risk for bicycle-related injury relative to their peers from more urban settings. We found no statistically significant relationship between risk of bicycling-related injury and socioeconomic status. Discussion ========== We have estimated that about three-quarters of all young Canadians between the ages of 11 and 15 years ride bicycles. Given what is known about the potential risks for injury while cycling \[[@B7]-[@B21]\] and the protective effects of bicycle helmets \[[@B7],[@B8],[@B10]-[@B14]\] one would ideally see high rates of bicycle helmet use in all Canadian youth. Unfortunately, our estimates indicate that currently only about a quarter of young Canadian cyclists wear a bicycle helmet all of the time. Indeed, 43% of the cyclists in our study reported that they never wore a helmet. These aggregate trends are concerning, and when bicycle helmet uptake patterns are examined within specific socio-demographic groups of riders there also appear to be distinct, and potentially troubling, patterns. It seems quite clear that helmet use is less frequent among older students. Two-thirds of bicycle riders (66.2%) in grade ten or higher reported never wearing a helmet, compared to 26.2% in students grade 8 or lower. In many Canadian jurisdictions, there are helmet laws requiring use in younger riders and there has been a gradual shift towards increased use in the younger population over time \[[@B9],[@B11],[@B13]\]. There is also a social trend towards non-compliance as children age and take responsibility for their own health behaviours \[[@B15]\]. Helmet use patterns also appear to vary by sex, SES and geographic location indicating a possible association between the non-use of helmets and male sex, lower SES and more rural locations. We do encourage caution in the interpretation of these unadjusted point prevalence estimates however. In addition to bicycle ridership and associated helmet use, the estimated relative risk of bicycling-related injury was also modeled for the 26,078 students in the study sample. Adjusting for all other factors, age, sex and immigration status were all independent predictors of the risk of injury. Indeed, new immigrants had a 1.35-fold increase in risk and male students a two-fold increase in risk for bicycling-related injuries than students in the comparison groups. While not strongly statistically significant, bicycling-related injury does appear to be more likely among youth in rural and small town areas as well. When taken in the context of existing literature, these findings are not entirely unexpected, but they do point to the importance of disaggregated analyses especially if research is to be used to informed public health intervention. Health inequities are differences in health that are judged to be unfair and remediable \[[@B26]-[@B28]\]. Over the past twenty years, there has been a notable increase in attention and scholarship around health equity and inequity in Canada and globally. In the past five years, there have been many key publications such as "Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health" \[[@B29]\], Integrating Social Determinants of Health and Health Equity Into Canadian Public Health Practice \[[@B30]\]; Reducing Health Inequalities- A challenge for our times \[[@B31]\], the Chief Public Health Officer's Report for Canada in 2008 \[[@B32]\] and Promoting Action on Equity Issues: A Knowledge-to-Action Handbook \[[@B33]\]. Striving for health equity means supporting all people to reach their full health potential and not be disadvantaged because of specific socio-demographic factors that influence their health and health behaviours. The fact that certain subgroups of populations are at greater apparent risks for bicycling-related injury is concerning, and particularly if these differences are unfair and remediable, they should be highlighted for attention and intervention. Canadian youth who are male, students who are older adolescents and students who are new immigrants to Canada are more at risk for bicycling-related injury. An aggregated analysis examining mean levels of risk, or overall health behaviours in young people as a homogenous group, would mask these differences. Of specific concern in this equity analysis are systemic factors that might exist as barriers to safe cycling for specific groups. While previous research indicates that older male students may, as a matter of choice, engage in higher risk activities that put them at greater risk for injury \[[@B16]\], this is not likely a similar pattern for new immigrant students. In this case, immigrant young people may be at greater risk as a result of transitions across different cycling environments and "safety cultures" for themselves and their families \[[@B34]\], or inadequate preparation or access to appropriate resources to support their safe cycling in Canada \[[@B35]\]. Previously, interventions to encourage bicycle helmets have tended towards whole population-level approaches including legislation, enforceable by law, requiring that all young people under the age of 18 years wear helmets. Two recent systematic reviews of bicycle helmet legislation for the reduction of bicycling-related head injury indicate that these approaches are useful \[[@B1],[@B2]\]. There have also been non-legislative interventions aimed at the general public or broad groups of young people \[[@B3]\] and interventions to increase helmet uptake among lower income Canadians, for example \[[@B17],[@B18],[@B23]\]. In our review of the literature, we did not find examples of interventions catering specifically to male students or the older adolescent and young adult population specifically. These kinds of targeted interventions may be warranted. Also, from a policy perspective, there is a need to understand more about the mechanisms underpinning differences in bicycling-related outcomes so that interventions can be appropriately designed and evaluated. For example, are boys more likely to sustain bicycling related injuries because of the risk-taking behaviours they undertake that are different from girls? Is it just that they spend more time cycling than female youth? Or is it that they are somehow differentially impacted by environmental or policy factors? Have certain immigrant students been socialized within different bicycling cultures than Canadian-born students? If so, how do these possible differences influence their injury risk or their uptake of protective measures such as helmets? Are bicycling-related injuries more common in young people with older, less expensive bicycles or newer, perhaps more expensive ones? Answering these kinds of questions can inform targeted interventions to address root causes of potential inequities. The most striking of the injury results from this study relates to the sex differences in estimated risk of bicycling-related injury (boys were 2.02 times more likely than girls to report an injury). Studies of gender equity, and the development of gender equity theory, tools and methodologies have a long history \[[@B36]-[@B38]\]. The Canadian government mandates sex and gender-based analysis (SGBA) and supports efforts across Ministries with policy frameworks and tools to address this form of inequity. This material could be more effectively engaged with in current public health and epidemiological research. For example, scholars of gender-based analyses have articulated the process of standardizing the assessment of health outcomes by gender \[[@B37]\] and this may be a helpful model for how disaggregation by various sub-groups could be realized more comprehensively across research and practice settings. In the spring of 2012, the Ministry of Health and Long-term Care of Ontario updated their Health Equity Impact Assessment Tool (HEIA) \[[@B39]\]. This is a good example of a government tool and concerted initiative to support health across populations. The HEIA is underpinned by equity theory and health impact assessment methodologies \[[@B40]-[@B42]\]. The aim of the tool is to support health equity and reduce avoidable health disparities between population groups. What we find helpful about this tool is the explicit list of population sub-groups that might be considered in a health equity analysis. Table [4](#T4){ref-type="table"} is an adaptation of this list. While the sub-groups that are necessary to consider may differ on a case-by-case basis, further disseminating this kind of sub-population breakdown may better inform disaggregated analyses and support health equity research. ###### Examples of population subgroups that can be considered in disaggregated analyses (Adapted from Ministry of Health and long-term care Ontario, Health Equity Impact Assessment tool, 2012) Sub-population group Examples ------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Aboriginal peoples First Nations, Inuit, Métis Age-related groups Children, youth, seniors Disability communities Physical, deaf, deafened or hard of hearing, visual, intellectual/developmental, learning, mental illness, addictions/substance use, etc.) Ethno-racial communities Racial/racialized or cultural minorities, immigrants and refugees Francophone or other linguistic groups New immigrant francophones, deaf communities using sign language Homeless populations living on the street, marginally or under-housed Low income Unemployed, underemployed, single parents Religious/faith communities Muslim, Christian, Jewish Populations as defined by geographic characteristics Rural/remote, inner-urban, geographic or social isolation, under-serviced areas Sex/gender Male, female, women, men, trans, transsexual, transgendered, two-spirited Sexual orientation Heterosexual, lesbian, gay, bisexual Other Depending of the health issue or outcome of interest, other population subgroups may apply. This study had a number of strengths. These included the survey and sample itself. The survey has been administered in four year cycles over 24 years in Canada (the 2009--2010 response rate was 75%) and it has been developed and honed by a strong and experienced international team (for a complete list of HBSC publications please see: <http://www.hbsc.org/publications/>). With an overall sample of more than 26,000 young people, sub-population group sizes remained sufficiently large to support analyses. Injury prevention and the health and health equity of children and youth clear priorities in Canada today and so the study has an important focus. The study also has several limitations. As in other population health surveys, HBSC relies on accurate self-report data from children. Considerable efforts have been made over decades internationally to maximize validity and reliability of the survey items \[[@B24]\], however, some misclassification and non-response is inevitable especially for factors that are inherently difficult to quantify such as socioeconomic status. There is a possibility that non-responders varied significantly from responders and this could have biased our estimations of prevalence and, in reducing the size and heterogeneity of the sample, minimized our power to detect effects. In addition, we do not have any information about the frequency or context of bicycle usage or the specific types or frequency of bicycle-related injuries over the past 12 months. We also were not able to assess potential differences related to some of the HEIA population subgroups such as students with disabilities, students from different religious or faith communities, students from different racial or ethnic groups and students with different sexual orientations. Given our growing understanding of the social determinants of health equity \[[@B29],[@B31],[@B42]\], these kinds of analyses may have been helpful. In summary, bicycling is a popular activity among Canadian youth and the health behaviours and possible risks associated with bicycling are not equally distributed across the Canadian youth population. More than 5% of young cyclists will experience a medically-treated bicycle-related injury each year in Canada. Injuries are more than twice as common among male students than female, and a third more common among new immigrants than non-immigrants. These differences are concerning. This study highlights the importance of considering disaggregated analyses when studying health behaviours, health outcomes and health equity in Canadian youth. These kinds of analyses can inform prevention interventions that, for bicycling-related injury for example, could be especially sensitive to gender, age, and socioeconomic differences. Beyond bicycles, there is evident value across health and health behavior topics, in analyzing and reporting data that are disaggregated by specific population subgroups. These kinds of analyses may help point to troubling disparities that may represent underlying, systemic inequities requiring targeted intervention and our continued public health efforts. Competing interests =================== The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors' contributions ====================== CD led the overall conduct of the study and preparation of the manuscript. MT, PW, WT, and SM represented the funders and contributed to the design of the study, the interpretation of findings and the review and editing of the final manuscript. WP led the analysis and made important contributions to the interpretation of findings and the writing of the final manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements ================ HBSC is coordinated internationally by Dr. Candace Currie, University of St. Andrews, Scotland. HBSC in Canada is directed by Dr. John Freeman and Dr. William Pickett, and coordinated by Mr. Matthew King, Queen's University. In 2010, data collection efforts were supported by national and territorial partners from the Joint Consortium for School Health. We thank Dr. Ian Janssen and Mr. Andrei Rosu for collection of geographic information integral to this analysis. Financial support for this study was provided by the Public Health Agency of Canada and Health Canada as well as operating grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Heart and Stroke Foundation (CIHR Grant MOP 97962; CIHR/HSF Grant PCR 101415), the CIHR Team in Child and Youth Injury Prevention and support from the Injury Section, Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division of the Public Health Agency of Canada (Contract 4500267124). CD was supported by an Emerging Researcher Award from the Population Health Improvement Research Network of Ontario. Alyssa Parpia helped format this manuscript for publication.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }
#ifndef BOOST_BIND_STORAGE_HPP_INCLUDED #define BOOST_BIND_STORAGE_HPP_INCLUDED // MS compatible compilers support #pragma once #if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1020) # pragma once #endif // // bind/storage.hpp // // boost/bind.hpp support header, optimized storage // // Copyright (c) 2006 Peter Dimov // // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. // See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at // http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt // // See http://www.boost.org/libs/bind/bind.html for documentation. // #include <boost/config.hpp> #include <boost/bind/arg.hpp> #ifdef BOOST_MSVC # pragma warning(push) # pragma warning(disable: 4512) // assignment operator could not be generated #endif namespace boost { namespace _bi { // 1 template<class A1> struct storage1 { explicit storage1( A1 a1 ): a1_( a1 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { BOOST_BIND_VISIT_EACH(v, a1_, 0); } A1 a1_; }; #if !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION ) && !defined( __BORLANDC__ ) template<int I> struct storage1< boost::arg<I> > { explicit storage1( boost::arg<I> ) {} template<class V> void accept(V &) const { } static boost::arg<I> a1_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; template<int I> struct storage1< boost::arg<I> () () > { explicit storage1( boost::arg<I> () () ) {} template<class V> void accept(V &) const { } static boost::arg<I> a1_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; #endif // 2 template<class A1, class A2> struct storage2: public storage1<A1> { typedef storage1<A1> inherited; storage2( A1 a1, A2 a2 ): storage1<A1>( a1 ), a2_( a2 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); BOOST_BIND_VISIT_EACH(v, a2_, 0); } A2 a2_; }; #if !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION ) template<class A1, int I> struct storage2< A1, boost::arg<I> >: public storage1<A1> { typedef storage1<A1> inherited; storage2( A1 a1, boost::arg<I> ): storage1<A1>( a1 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a2_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; template<class A1, int I> struct storage2< A1, boost::arg<I> () () >: public storage1<A1> { typedef storage1<A1> inherited; storage2( A1 a1, boost::arg<I> () () ): storage1<A1>( a1 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a2_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; #endif // 3 template<class A1, class A2, class A3> struct storage3: public storage2< A1, A2 > { typedef storage2<A1, A2> inherited; storage3( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3 ): storage2<A1, A2>( a1, a2 ), a3_( a3 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); BOOST_BIND_VISIT_EACH(v, a3_, 0); } A3 a3_; }; #if !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION ) template<class A1, class A2, int I> struct storage3< A1, A2, boost::arg<I> >: public storage2< A1, A2 > { typedef storage2<A1, A2> inherited; storage3( A1 a1, A2 a2, boost::arg<I> ): storage2<A1, A2>( a1, a2 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a3_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; template<class A1, class A2, int I> struct storage3< A1, A2, boost::arg<I> () () >: public storage2< A1, A2 > { typedef storage2<A1, A2> inherited; storage3( A1 a1, A2 a2, boost::arg<I> () () ): storage2<A1, A2>( a1, a2 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a3_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; #endif // 4 template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4> struct storage4: public storage3< A1, A2, A3 > { typedef storage3<A1, A2, A3> inherited; storage4( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4 ): storage3<A1, A2, A3>( a1, a2, a3 ), a4_( a4 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); BOOST_BIND_VISIT_EACH(v, a4_, 0); } A4 a4_; }; #if !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION ) template<class A1, class A2, class A3, int I> struct storage4< A1, A2, A3, boost::arg<I> >: public storage3< A1, A2, A3 > { typedef storage3<A1, A2, A3> inherited; storage4( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, boost::arg<I> ): storage3<A1, A2, A3>( a1, a2, a3 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a4_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; template<class A1, class A2, class A3, int I> struct storage4< A1, A2, A3, boost::arg<I> () () >: public storage3< A1, A2, A3 > { typedef storage3<A1, A2, A3> inherited; storage4( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, boost::arg<I> () () ): storage3<A1, A2, A3>( a1, a2, a3 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a4_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; #endif // 5 template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5> struct storage5: public storage4< A1, A2, A3, A4 > { typedef storage4<A1, A2, A3, A4> inherited; storage5( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5 ): storage4<A1, A2, A3, A4>( a1, a2, a3, a4 ), a5_( a5 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); BOOST_BIND_VISIT_EACH(v, a5_, 0); } A5 a5_; }; #if !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION ) template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, int I> struct storage5< A1, A2, A3, A4, boost::arg<I> >: public storage4< A1, A2, A3, A4 > { typedef storage4<A1, A2, A3, A4> inherited; storage5( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, boost::arg<I> ): storage4<A1, A2, A3, A4>( a1, a2, a3, a4 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a5_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, int I> struct storage5< A1, A2, A3, A4, boost::arg<I> () () >: public storage4< A1, A2, A3, A4 > { typedef storage4<A1, A2, A3, A4> inherited; storage5( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, boost::arg<I> () () ): storage4<A1, A2, A3, A4>( a1, a2, a3, a4 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a5_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; #endif // 6 template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6> struct storage6: public storage5< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 > { typedef storage5<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5> inherited; storage6( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6 ): storage5<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5>( a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 ), a6_( a6 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); BOOST_BIND_VISIT_EACH(v, a6_, 0); } A6 a6_; }; #if !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION ) template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, int I> struct storage6< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, boost::arg<I> >: public storage5< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 > { typedef storage5<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5> inherited; storage6( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, boost::arg<I> ): storage5<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5>( a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a6_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, int I> struct storage6< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, boost::arg<I> () () >: public storage5< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 > { typedef storage5<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5> inherited; storage6( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, boost::arg<I> () () ): storage5<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5>( a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a6_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; #endif // 7 template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7> struct storage7: public storage6< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 > { typedef storage6<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6> inherited; storage7( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7 ): storage6<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6>( a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 ), a7_( a7 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); BOOST_BIND_VISIT_EACH(v, a7_, 0); } A7 a7_; }; #if !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION ) template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, int I> struct storage7< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, boost::arg<I> >: public storage6< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 > { typedef storage6<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6> inherited; storage7( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, boost::arg<I> ): storage6<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6>( a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a7_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, int I> struct storage7< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, boost::arg<I> () () >: public storage6< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 > { typedef storage6<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6> inherited; storage7( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, boost::arg<I> () () ): storage6<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6>( a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a7_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; #endif // 8 template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8> struct storage8: public storage7< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7 > { typedef storage7<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7> inherited; storage8( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8 ): storage7<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7>( a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7 ), a8_( a8 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); BOOST_BIND_VISIT_EACH(v, a8_, 0); } A8 a8_; }; #if !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION ) template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, int I> struct storage8< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, boost::arg<I> >: public storage7< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7 > { typedef storage7<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7> inherited; storage8( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, boost::arg<I> ): storage7<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7>( a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a8_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, int I> struct storage8< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, boost::arg<I> () () >: public storage7< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7 > { typedef storage7<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7> inherited; storage8( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, boost::arg<I> () () ): storage7<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7>( a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a8_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; #endif // 9 template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, class A9> struct storage9: public storage8< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8 > { typedef storage8<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8> inherited; storage9( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8, A9 a9 ): storage8<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8>( a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8 ), a9_( a9 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); BOOST_BIND_VISIT_EACH(v, a9_, 0); } A9 a9_; }; #if !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION ) template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, int I> struct storage9< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, boost::arg<I> >: public storage8< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8 > { typedef storage8<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8> inherited; storage9( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8, boost::arg<I> ): storage8<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8>( a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a9_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; template<class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5, class A6, class A7, class A8, int I> struct storage9< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, boost::arg<I> () () >: public storage8< A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8 > { typedef storage8<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8> inherited; storage9( A1 a1, A2 a2, A3 a3, A4 a4, A5 a5, A6 a6, A7 a7, A8 a8, boost::arg<I> () () ): storage8<A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8>( a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8 ) {} template<class V> void accept(V & v) const { inherited::accept(v); } static boost::arg<I> a9_() { return boost::arg<I>(); } }; #endif } // namespace _bi } // namespace boost #ifdef BOOST_MSVC # pragma warning(default: 4512) // assignment operator could not be generated # pragma warning(pop) #endif #endif // #ifndef BOOST_BIND_STORAGE_HPP_INCLUDED	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a blood lancet device which collects a small amount of blood from a human body, and more particularly, to a safety blood lancet device in which a loading operation in an exposed state of a lancet is not allowed, and a loading state of the lancet can be visually checked from the outside, and also it is possible to previously prevent damage of components due to applying of excessive force, when adjusting a penetration depth of a needle of a lancet. 2. Description of the Related Art A Blood lancet device is primarily used by diabetic patients who are required to regularly check their blood sugar levels, but it is also used in various other fields where the collection of blood samples is required. The blood lancet device is configured so that a lancet including a body and a needle fixed to the body is inserted therein and the needle penetrates the skin to a predetermined depth by applied elastic force. For example, the blood lancet device is disclosed in Korean Patent No. 10-0820523 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,517,978. In case of these patents, if a button is pressed after the lancet is inserted and a sleeve is pulled back, the lancet is shot forward, and the needle penetrates the skin and is then withdrawn in a flash. In the general blood lancet device having the above-mentioned configuration, which was sold in the market, a penetration depth of the needle was uniformly fixed. However, since people's skin may have different thicknesses, and also the collection of blood may be performed at different parts of the body, it was necessary to adjust the penetration depth of the needle to the skin. Therefore, a blood lancet device that could adjust the depth of penetration was developed. Korean Patent No. 10-0820523 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,613,978 show structures of the blood lancet device in detail. In these patents, a user can adjust the penetration depth of the needle to the skin by turning a control tip. However, in the conventional blood lancet device, since loading and shooting operations may be performed even in an exposed state of a lancet, the lancet may be shot due to user's carelessness, and thus a user and other persons may be injured. Also, it is not possible to check whether the lancet is loaded in an unexposed state of the lancet after loading the lancet. Also, in the conventional blood lance device, when a user rotates the control tip in order to adjust the penetration depth of the lancet, components of the device may be damaged or separated from each other if excessive force is applied to the control tip, and also patients who will have blood taken may feel psychological fear due to impact sound generated between the components when loading the lancet. Also, in the conventional blood lance device, since an ultrasonic welding method is employed to manufacture rigid products when assembling the components, it is necessary to prepare separate equipment for ultrasonic welding, and also it is difficult to perform the assembling process while satisfying ultrasonic welding conditions.	{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }
Stand against threat from gay marriage, head of the Catholic church will tell worshippers Churchgoers are to be urged to take a stand against gay marriage by the leader of Roman Catholics in England and Wales. In a letter to be read from 2,500 pulpits during mass this Sunday, the Archbishop of Westminster will warn that David Cameron’s pledge to legalise homosexual marriage would threaten the true meaning of a sacred union. In a significant intervention in the gay marriage debate, the Most Reverend Vincent Nichols will urge the country’s five million Roman Catholics to sign petitions and lobby their MPs about the changes. Controversy: The letter by Reverend Nichols (left) argues marriage between a man and a woman is at the 'foundation of our society'. Lord Carey (right) said no one had the right to redefine the institution The letter warns that plans to extend marriage to same-sex couples would be a ‘profoundly radical step’ that reduces it to a vague commitment between two people. The letter says the roots of marriage lie in human nature and the pattern of complementarity and fertility in the union are affirmed by many other religious traditions. It argues that matrimony is an expression of 'our fundamental humanity' and says: 'Neither the Church nor the State has the power to change this fundamental understanding of marriage itself.' Share this article It continues: 'Its status in law is the prudent fruit of experience, for the good of the spouses and the good of the family. 'In this way, society esteems the married couple as the source and guardians of the next generation. As an institution marriage is at the foundation of our society.' The text, which is co-signed by the RC Archbishop of Southwark, the Most Reverend Peter Smith, argues that marriage between a man and a woman is at the ‘foundation of our society’. In an article for the Daily Mail last month, Lord Carey, the former Archbishop of Canterbury, wrote: ‘Marriage precedes both the state and the church, and neither of these institutions have the right to redefine it in such a fundamental way.’ Backing: The Prime Minister is a strong supporter of plans to legalise same-sex marriage The last time the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church used a pastoral letter to intervene on a political issue, during attempts to inflict quotas on faith schools in 2007, the government climbed down within days. The letter is expected to have a more moderate tone than comments made at the weekend by Keith O’Brien, leader of the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland, who described gay marriage proposals as grotesque. Cardinal O’Brien insisted that the reforms would shame the United Kingdom in the eyes of the world. He said: ‘Since all the legal rights of marriage are already available to homosexual couples, it is clear this proposal is not about rights but rather is an attempt to redefine marriage at the behest of a small minority of activists. ‘If marriage can be redefined so that it no longer means a man and a woman but two men or two women, why stop there? Why not allow three men, or a woman and two men, to constitute a marriage, if they pledge their fidelity to one another?’ The Prime Minister is a strong supporter of plans to legalise same-sex marriage, which are also supported by the Lib Dems, and are set to be formally unveiled later this month. But the proposal has divided the Conservative Party and put Mr Cameron on a collision course with religious leaders. Prime Minister David Cameron’s official spokesman said: 'The Government has made clear its commitment to equality. 'We believe people should have the option of civil marriage, irrespective of sexual orientation.' He also said that the timing of the consultation had been chosen to allow legislation to be taken through Parliament before the general election planned for 2015. But he declined to speculate on the timetable for any Bill, telling reporters: 'We normally set out the timetable for legislation at the time of the Queen’s Speech and we do it session by session. 'We have purposefully set up this consultation with a timetable that would allow us to have that legislation in this Parliament.' Reverend Vincent Nichols' letters warns that plans to extend marriage to same-sex couples would be a 'profoundly radical step' Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg told ITV’s The Agenda: 'I think marriage is defined surely by two people who love each other and want to make a commitment to each other. 'Depriving same-sex couples of that public display in this day and age, I think most people think "Come on, let’s move with the times".' Civil partnerships were introduced for gay couples in 2005 but by law they cannot be referred to as marriages. The clergymen are the latest to denounce the Government’s backing for marriage to include gay couples. In January, the Anglican Archbishop of York, Dr John Sentamu, insisted governments did not have the moral authority to redefine marriage. If the law is changed, Britain will become the seventh European country to recognise same-sex marriage, after the Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Spain, Portugal and Norway. The Catholic archbishops’ letter also appears to challenge Equalities Minister Lynne Featherstone’s remarks last week that the church does not ‘own’ marriage and that the state was entitled to make changes to the institution. ‘The reasons given by our Government for wanting to change the definition of marriage are those of equality and discrimination,’ the letter says. ‘But our present law does not discriminate unjustly when it requires both a man and a woman for marriage. It simply recognises and protects the distinctive nature of marriage. ‘Changing the legal definition of marriage would be a profoundly radical step. Its consequences should be taken seriously now. ‘There would be no recognition of the complementarity of male and female or that marriage is intended for the procreation and education of children. ‘The roots of the institution of marriage lie in our nature. This pattern is affirmed by many other religious traditions – understood as a lifelong commitment between a man and a woman.’ Share or comment on this article: Archbishop of Westminster tells churchgoers to stand against the threat of gay marriage	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Best Western Your Memories Hotel, a modern manufacture with intense elements of memory from the local traditional architecture, it is placed in an extent of 7000 square miles and is surrounded by a unique full garden. All of our apartments allocate big verandas and balconies with views of mountain, sea or our garden. The luxury and comfort of apartments, the space of reception, the splendid swimming-pool, playground, the spaces of focus, the application of traditional Cretan diet, in combination with the qualitative level of services and a friendly-family environment, create the suitable conditions for comfortable and pleasant holidays. We operate all year round and we wait for you, ready to satisfy your highest requirements of recreation and relaxation. By using our own and third-party cookies, we are able to offer you the browsing experience you want, improve our service and provide you with the advertisements that best suit your preferences. If you agree, continue browsing. More information	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
I recently came upon an interesting way to conceptualize the way we interact with reality. It may be useful to refer to the idea of a black box to start with. In this instance we see what inputs come into the black box, and we see what outputs come out, but we are not aware of happens in between. The pivot point lies in the fact that there is a similar flow of information through us. Reality imposes itself onto us (in some part influenced by our past actions) and thus gives us an input. Something happens inside of us and we execute an output. The question lies in what is the difference, and the changes that have occurred between the input and the output. We may observe that sometimes the input is quite similar to the output. Parents that have not processed their traumas/issues often transfer them to their children. Victims of trauma often become perpetrators of it themselves. Break the Cycle. But how do we do that? How do traumatized children not become traumatized parents that continue the suffering? How do we not react with hate when hate is thrown at us? As I discussed in a previous article, I find it helpful to imagine our minds as mirrors, warped by our past, reflecting the inputs we are currently experiencing. Then based on these we (re)act. I am aware that this plays into the issue of free will, however that is a can of worms for another article. For the sake of argument we will simply assume that we have free will and that therefore we can alter what “passes through us” from input to output. The question that is immediately eminent is “How?”. The way that I understand the role and function of the mind is as a control center where various systems report on their progress and you then, based on this data base your output. We can liken this to a commander to whom various platoons are reporting, and he then responds with appropriate order. This, in my understanding, can be imagine as such. Input/Reality > Systems in our unconscious > Outputs of systems in consciousness (what we experience, all of it)> Output/Our actions based on analysis of the contents of our mind. This is of course an extreme simplification. To stretch the analogy of the commander a bit further, we can imagine a scenario where the commander does not like what a platoon is reporting, he ignores it. Now the platoon leader will be alarmed by this response and pipe up, eventually even scream at the commander to open his damn ears. Acknowledgement of the report by the commander immediately informs the platoon leader that his statements have been registered in the ongoing plan. On the other hand it is also possible that the commander only listens to the reports of those platoon leaders that are giving him the news he wants to hear. Maybe he will even do both, actively seek out those bearers of good news, while avoiding those that bring bad, or undesirable news. This is what happens within us. Systems ask for our attention, the more we avoid acknowledging, or focus on specific other more pleasurable “reports” the more we are warping the accuracy of our actions. I would recommend reading Sun Tzu’s Art of war for a more detailed picture, if it is read in the context of relating to our minds in some of its statements. But for a rough picture we can simply say that a commander must listen to all equally, and then base his decisions while keeping all these, undesirable and desirable in mind. A bad commander who goes with the yes men and kills the no men goes the path of Hitler, ruin. So at this point we can return to the original statement “Let it flow”. When we try to look away, curse, or fear our anger, our fear, our anxiety, we inspire it to increase the intensity of its warnings, obviously we are not listening. These systems are often simply warning systems or serve a more concrete purpose. Our anger serves a purpose, so does our anxiety, and so does our fear. As we all know this can lead to a downward spiral. We feel anxious about feeling anxious. We feel angry at ourselves for feeling anger. We are afraid of our fear. So the answer is to simply let these emotions be? To be a rock, by which all these emotions simply float by? I personally don’t find this helpful in my mind. This in itself still implies a resistance, a fear of what is happening. Rather than engaging with it we are simply keeping it at arms length. We are a river, and like this we are pretending to be a rock in the river, unmoved. This attitude however only increases your tolerance, it does not remove the issue, it is a band-aid. For you will break. No matter your force of will, if you are at war with the world and yourself, you can only lose. Then we experience the loss of control even more bitterly and it will crush us as we have build ourselves up as stoic rocks. So what should we do? We cannot look away, we cannot crave, but we cannot simply let it be, flowing through us, without affecting us. We look it straight in the eyes. We don’t just let it pass past us, but through us. Whenever we can we try to add what is at our hearts. When someone act with aggression, we can react (like a leaf in the wind), we can not react (like a rock), or you can act with kindness, taking the input, adding what is inside of you, and making a more beautiful output. We must let it flow through us. Relevant reading: The Robot’s Rebellion by Keith Stanovich The Art Of War by Sun Tzu The Stories of the Buddha and Mara The Mind Illuminated by Jeremy Graves and Matthew Immergut	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
In a secret ballot, only 199 members of the lower house Bundestag parliament voted for Mariana Harder-Kühnel to become one of parliamentary speaker Wolfgang Schäuble's deputies. There were 423 deputies who voted against her and 43 who abstained. The AfD has 92 deputies in the 709-seat chamber. By tradition, the speaker has a deputy from each party, but to date the Bundestag has refused to support any AfD candidate for the post. It was Harder-Kühnel's third attempt, and the sixth by a candidate put forward by the party. The six-member presidium is made up of Hans-Peter Friedrich (CSU), Thomas Oppermann (SPD), Wolfgang Kubicki (FDP), Petra Pau (Left) and Claudia Roth (Greens), headed by Bundestag President Schäuble (formerly CDU). Support actually dipped at the third attempt. Standing for the post in December, Harder-Kühnel had the support of 241 deputies. In the previous vote in November, she gathered 223 ballots from the 654 who voted. Various politicians took to social media to express their views as to why the votes were lacking for the 44-year-old lawyer and Catholic mother of three — an AfD member since 2013 — with strong opinions on gay rights, abortion and foreigners. Alice Weidel, the AfD leader whose anti-EU speech was re-tweeted by Conservative UK politician and Brexiteer Jacob Rees-Mogg For the AfD's Beatrix von Storch, democracy was the loser in the vote: "With the non-election of Harder-Kühnel, the name of the biggest loser is: Democracy," she wrote on Twitter. "Yes, there is no right to be voted in. But there is a duty to provide reasons for voting against. And there are no reasons." Lawyer and leading CDU parliamentarian Michael Grosse-Brömer said it was important to avoid the AfD presenting itself as a victim of bullying by the mainstream parties: "We should not allow the AfD a martyr status and we should make them carry out their responsibilities — rather than giving them the opportunity to moan about not being given a majority." However, Greens spokesman Sven Kindler said Harder-Kühnel's failure was a "good day for democracy and a clear signal against the normalization of right-wing extremism." Kindler's words were mirrored by the SPD's Marja-Liisa Völlers, who wrote: "If a group systematically disregards the decency of our democratic culture, then it also has no entitlement to a Bundestag vice-presidency." jm/msh (epd, dpa, AFP) Each evening at 1830 UTC, DW's editors send out a selection of the day's hard news and quality feature journalism. You can sign up to receive it directly here.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
11TH COURT OF APPEALS EASTLAND, TEXAS JUDGMENT Irma Munguia, * From the County Court at Law No. 2 of Taylor County Trial Court No. 2-470-14. Vs. No. 11-16-00011-CR * December 29, 2017 The State of Texas, * Memorandum Opinion by Wright, C.J. (Panel consists of: Wright, C.J., Willson, J., and Bailey, J.) This court has inspected the record in this cause and concludes that there is no error in the judgment below. Therefore, in accordance with this court’s opinion, the judgment of the trial court is in all things affirmed.	{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }
/* * Copyright (c) 2010-2011, NVIDIA Corporation * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * Neither the name of NVIDIA Corporation nor the * names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products * derived from this software without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. / #include <cugar/basic/cuda/arch.h> #include <cugar/basic/cuda/pointers.h> #include <cugar/basic/functors.h> #include <cugar/basic/algorithms.h> #include <cugar/basic/cuda/scan.h> #include <cugar/basic/utils.h> namespace cugar { namespace cuda { namespace bintree { typedef Radixtree_context::Split_task Split_task; // find the most significant bit smaller than start by which code0 and code1 differ template <typename Integer> CUGAR_FORCEINLINE CUGAR_HOST_DEVICE int32 find_leading_bit_difference( const int32 start_level, const Integer code0, const Integer code1) { int32 level = start_level; while (level >= 0) { const Integer mask = Integer(1u) << level; if ((code0 & mask) != (code1 & mask)) break; --level; } return level; } #define RADIX_TREE_USE_VOLATILE 1 #define RADIX_TREE_USE_FENCE 1 #define RADIX_TREE_USE_ATOMIC_RELEASE 1 #if defined(RADIX_TREE_USE_VOLATILE) #define RADIX_TREE_UNCACHED_LOAD(x) load<LOAD_VOLATILE>(x) #define RADIX_TREE_UNCACHED_STORE(x,v) store<STORE_VOLATILE>(x,v) #else #define RADIX_TREE_UNCACHED_LOAD(x) load<LOAD_CG>(x) #define RADIX_TREE_UNCACHED_STORE(x,v) store<STORE_CG>(x,v) #endif #if defined(RADIX_TREE_USE_FENCE) #define RADIX_TREE_RELEASE_FENCE() __threadfence() #else #define RADIX_TREE_RELEASE_FENCE() #endif #if defined(RADIX_TREE_USE_ATOMIC_RELEASE) #define RADIX_TREE_RELEASE(x,v) atomicExch(x,v) #else #define RADIX_TREE_RELEASE(x,v) RADIX_TREE_UNCACHED_STORE(x,v) #endif // do a single kd-split for all nodes in the input task queue, and generate // a corresponding list of output tasks template <uint32 BLOCK_SIZE, typename Tree, typename Integer> __global__ void split_kernel( const uint32 grid_size, Tree tree, const uint32 max_leaf_size, const uint32 n_nodes, const uint32 n_codes, const Integer codes, int32* flags, Split_task* tasks, uint32* skip_nodes, uint32* out_node_count, uint32* out_leaf_count, uint32* work_counter) { const uint32 LOG_WARP_SIZE = 5; const uint32 WARP_SIZE = 1u << LOG_WARP_SIZE; volatile __shared__ uint32 warp_offset[ BLOCK_SIZE >> LOG_WARP_SIZE ]; const uint32 warp_tid = threadIdx.x & (WARP_SIZE-1); const uint32 warp_id = threadIdx.x >> LOG_WARP_SIZE; uint32 node = 0; uint32 begin = 0; uint32 end = 0; uint32 level = uint32(-1); uint32 parent = uint32(-1); uint32 skip_node = uint32(-1); uint32 split_index = 0; int32 node_flag = -1; bool proper_split = false; bool terminated = false; // keep the entire warp looping until there's some work to do while (__any(!terminated)) { // fetch new tasks for inactive lanes which are done processing their node (i.e. node_flag != 0) const uint32 new_node = cuda::alloc<1>( node_flag != 0, work_counter, warp_tid, warp_offset + warp_id ); if (node_flag != 0) // check if we are done processing the current node { // check whether we are done processing all nodes if (new_node >= n_nodes) terminated = true; // reset the node node = new_node; begin = 0; end = 0; level = uint32(-1); parent = uint32(-1); skip_node = uint32(-1); split_index = 0; node_flag = 0; proper_split = false; } //node_flag = terminated ? 0 : (volatile int32)(flags + node); node_flag = terminated ? 0 : RADIX_TREE_UNCACHED_LOAD(flags + node); if (node_flag != 0) { // fetch this node's description const Split_task in_task = RADIX_TREE_UNCACHED_LOAD( (uint4)tasks + node ); parent = in_task.m_parent; begin = in_task.m_begin; end = in_task.m_end; level = in_task.m_level; split_index = (begin + end)/2; skip_node = RADIX_TREE_UNCACHED_LOAD( skip_nodes + node ); // check whether this is a valid node, needing a proper split if (node_flag == 1) { // check whether the input node really needs to be split if (end - begin > max_leaf_size) { if (level != uint32(-1)) { // adjust the splitting level so as to make sure the split will produce either 2 or 0 children level = find_leading_bit_difference( level, codes[begin], codes[end-1] ); } // check again if there is any chance to make a split, after the level has been adjusted if (level != uint32(-1)) { // find the "partitioning pivot" using a binary search split_index = find_pivot( codes + begin, end - begin, mask_and<Integer>( Integer(1u) << level ) ) - codes; // this shouldn't be needed, but... force a good split if (split_index == begin \|\| split_index == end) split_index = (begin + end)/2; } // mark this as a proper split proper_split = true; } } } #define RADIX_TREE_WRITE_NODE( OUTPUT_INDEX, PARENT, BEGIN, END, LEVEL, SKIP, RELEASE_VALUE ) \ do { \ RADIX_TREE_UNCACHED_STORE( (uint4)tasks + OUTPUT_INDEX, make_uint4( PARENT, BEGIN, END, LEVEL ) ); \ RADIX_TREE_UNCACHED_STORE( skip_nodes + OUTPUT_INDEX, SKIP ); \ RADIX_TREE_RELEASE_FENCE(); \ RADIX_TREE_RELEASE( flags + OUTPUT_INDEX, RELEASE_VALUE ); \ } while (0) // split the node if it contains more than one code const uint32 child_count = (node_flag != 0) && (end - begin > 1u) ? 2u : 0u; // alloc the actual children //const uint32 node_offset = cuda::alloc<2>( child_count, out_node_count, warp_tid, warp_offset + warp_id ); const uint32 node_offset = atomicAdd( out_node_count, child_count ); // write the them out if (child_count == 2) { RADIX_TREE_WRITE_NODE( node_offset+0, node, begin, split_index, level-1, node_offset+1, proper_split ? 1 : -1 ); // mark nodes produced by "virtual" splits with a -1 RADIX_TREE_WRITE_NODE( node_offset+1, node, split_index, end, level-1, skip_node, proper_split ? 1 : -1 ); // mark nodes produced by "virtual" splits with a -1 } const bool generate_leaf = (node_flag == 1) && (proper_split == false); // count how many leaves we need to generate //const uint32 leaf_index = cuda::alloc<1>( generate_leaf, out_leaf_count, warp_tid, warp_offset + warp_id ); const uint32 leaf_index = atomicAdd( out_leaf_count, generate_leaf ? 1u : 0u ); // write out the current node if it's not virtual if (node_flag == 1) { tree.write_node( node, parent, generate_leaf ? false : true, generate_leaf ? false : true, generate_leaf ? leaf_index : node_offset, skip_node, level, begin, end, generate_leaf ? uint32(-1) : split_index ); // make a leaf if necessary if (generate_leaf) tree.write_leaf( leaf_index, node, begin, end ); } } } // do a single kd-split for all nodes in the input task queue, and generate // a corresponding list of output tasks template <typename Tree, typename Integer> void split( Tree tree, const uint32 max_leaf_size, const uint32 n_nodes, const uint32 n_codes, const Integer* codes, int32* flags, Split_task* tasks, uint32* skip_nodes, uint32* out_node_count, uint32* out_leaf_count, uint32* work_counter) { const uint32 BLOCK_SIZE = 128; const size_t max_blocks = cuda::max_active_blocks(split_kernel<BLOCK_SIZE,Tree,Integer>, BLOCK_SIZE, 0); const size_t n_blocks = cugar::min( max_blocks, size_t(n_nodes + BLOCK_SIZE-1) / BLOCK_SIZE ); const size_t grid_size = n_blocks * BLOCK_SIZE; split_kernel<BLOCK_SIZE> <<<n_blocks,BLOCK_SIZE>>> ( grid_size, tree, max_leaf_size, n_nodes, n_codes, codes, flags, tasks, skip_nodes, out_node_count, out_leaf_count, work_counter ); //cudaDeviceSynchronize(); } } // namespace bintree template <typename Tree, typename Integer> void generate_radix_tree( Radixtree_context& context, const uint32 n_codes, const Integer* codes, const uint32 bits, const uint32 max_leaf_size, const bool keep_singletons, Tree& tree) { const uint32 max_nodes = cugar::max( n_codes * 2u - 1u, 1u ); tree.reserve_nodes( max_nodes ); tree.reserve_leaves( cugar::max( n_codes, 1u ) ); // reserve storage for internal queues need_space( context.m_task_queues, max_nodes ); need_space( context.m_skip_nodes, max_nodes ); context.m_counters.resize( 3 ); context.m_counters[0] = 1; // nodes counter context.m_counters[1] = 0; // leaf counter context.m_counters[2] = 0; // work counter context.m_task_queues[0] = Radixtree_context::Split_task( uint32(-1), 0, n_codes, bits-1 ); context.m_skip_nodes[0] = uint32(-1); caching_device_vector<int32> flags( max_nodes, 0u ); flags[0] = 1u; // mark the root node as ready to be split // build the radix tree in a single pass bintree::split( tree.get_context(), max_leaf_size, max_nodes, n_codes, codes, raw_pointer( flags ), raw_pointer( context.m_task_queues ), raw_pointer( context.m_skip_nodes ), raw_pointer( context.m_counters ), raw_pointer( context.m_counters ) + 1, raw_pointer( context.m_counters ) + 2 ); context.m_nodes = context.m_counters[0]; context.m_leaves = context.m_counters[1]; } template <typename Tree_writer, typename Integer> void generate_radix_tree( const uint32 n_codes, const Integer* codes, const uint32 bits, const uint32 max_leaf_size, const bool keep_singletons, Tree_writer& tree) { Radixtree_context context; generate_radix_tree( context, n_codes, codes, bits, max_leaf_size, keep_singletons, tree ); } } // namespace cuda } // namespace cugar	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
Socio-Economic Disparity is Not Linked to Outcome Following Heart Transplantation in New Zealand. Socio-economic deprivation (SED) is emerging as a risk factor for acute graft rejection (AR) and reduced survival of heart transplant (HT) recipients. The study aim was to evaluate any association between SED status of HT recipients and the development of early AR and long-term survival in New Zealand. This was a retrospective cohort study. Over a 30-year period, 329 HT recipients were identified from the Australian and New Zealand Heart Transplant Registry. All patients were divided into two groups according to the 2013 New Zealand Deprivation Index (NZDep2013) Score. Heart transplant recipients with NZDep2013 scores of 1,030 and above that corresponded to the eighth, ninth and tenth NZDep2013 deciles were allocated to the higher SED group and those with NZDep2013 scores below 1,030 to the lower SED group. The incidence of early AR in the higher SED group was 1.158/person-years and in the lower SED group 1.156/person-years. The crude incidence rate ratio was 1.0 (95% CI: 0.71-1.44; p = 0.9997). The prevalence of early AR in the higher SED group was 1.13/person-years and 1.15/person-years in the lower SED group. The crude prevalence rate ratio was 0.98/person-year (95% CI: 0.68-1.41/person-years; p = 0.468). In the higher SED group, mortality was 5.6/100 person-years (95% CI: 4.3-7.4/100 person-years) and 5.2/100 person-years (95% CI: 4.3-6.3/100 person-years) in the lower SED group. The adjusted mortality rate ratio estimate was 1.2 (95% CI: 0.8-1.7; p = 0.426). The higher and lower SED groups had similar survival (p = 0.196). Socio-economic disparity in New Zealand HT recipients has no negative impact on the development of AR or survival.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
On Saturday, January 11, two Fegely Middle School English teachers, Mrs. Mindy Malaski and Mrs. Lisa Norman, took a group of 50 PreAP students to the Illinois Holocaust Museum and Education Center in Skokie, Illinois. But the story doesn’t start there… For the past six years years, all three sixth grade English teachers at Fegely have read the Young Hoosier Book Award Nominee Yellow Star by Jennifer Roy to their classes. This inspiring piece tells the story of a child survivor of the Lodz Ghetto. Each year, students’ interests are piqued by the story of Syvia Perlmutter. And each year, these three teachers try to figure out a way to take the students to the Illinois Holocaust Museum—only to be thwarted by the cost and distance. Unable to figure out a way to take this trip on a school day, two teachers decided to write a PTEF grant to provide this experience for their PreAP classes. The Portage Township Education Foundation (PTEF) hosts an annual grant campaign as a way to support Portage teachers to provide amazing out-of-the-box experiences for their students. We were also wrote a successful grant from the museum to help cover our admission costs, allowing those dollars to return to the PTEF. Our students missed games, practices, and family events to attend. We were blessed by parent and teacher chaperones. In addition to the kindness of parents, Fegely teachers Mrs. Dessa Kelley, Ms. Jenelle Meiss, and Mrs. Natalie Lucas volunteered to chaperone this Saturday trip, too. One of the main draws to this opportunity is that the students get to hear from a survivor. The museum arranged for a survivor to tell her story to our group. Our speaker told her story of living as a hidden child during the Holocaust. She told many stories how she and her mother both survived this time. After she told her story, she made herself available to answer questions from our students. They said, “I still see her doll, her book, and loved hearing her story; it was both powerful and emotional.” She taught us to treasure our belongings, family, and memories, and that we should not take our freedom for granted. Additionally, the museum arranges for student tours to be led by docents who are survivors, descended from survivors, or generally knowledgeable about the Holocaust. Students learned from the artifacts in the museum. They learned from the personal stories from their docent and the survivor. They learned from the questions their peers asked. Our students said, “The trip to the Illinois Holocaust Museum & Education Center was a life changing experience.” Students took away many great ideas from this field trip. Here are some of the best quotes that they brought home with them. “Keep Calm and Carry On.” No matter what is going on you need to keep moving forward. Our message from our survivor story was, “Treasure your freedom.” And overall, the message of the program was “Now it is up to you.” We are in charge of our lives and our destinies. We will never let this happen again. We are hopeful for a bright future. Again, we will be forever grateful for this amazing field trip. In the future, we would love to be able to plan a similar experience for ALL of our sixth grade students.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
The following relates to the imaging arts. It finds particular application in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging using radioisotopes emitting at multiple energies, and will be described with particular reference thereto. However, it also finds application in SPECT imaging using more than one different radiopharmaceutical, and in other types of nuclear imaging, nuclear spectroscopy, radiation therapy, and so forth. In SPECT imaging, one or more radiopharmaceuticals are administered to a subject, a gamma camera detects radioactive emissions from the administered one or more radiopharmaceuticals, and the detections are processed to reconstruct an image of the distribution of the one or more radiopharmaceuticals in the subject. For example, the radiopharmaceutical may include a radioisotope attached to a carrier that concentrates in a target organ or other anatomical feature of a human subject, and the reconstructed image is representative of the target organ or other anatomical feature. The administered radiopharmaceutical dosage is typically relatively low, especially in the case of human imaging subjects, and the radioactive emission detections are analyzed using statistical techniques taking into account factors such as scattering, attenuation, and detector efficiency. If the radiopharmaceutical generates a single emission peak, the scattering, attenuation, detector efficiency, and so forth are readily accounted for using parameters characteristic of the emission energy. However, where the radiopharmaceutical generates different emission peaks (for example, if the radioisotope emits at two or more energies, or if two or more radiopharmaceuticals are used), then accounting for scattering, attenuation, and so forth is difficult. Examples of multiple-peak radiopharmaceuticals include: complexes of In-111, which has main emission peaks at 171 keV and at 245 keV; complexes of Ga-67, which has main emission peaks at 93 keV, 184 keV, and 300 keV; and complexes of Tl-201, which has main emission peaks at 72 keV and 167 keV. Examples of imaging with two or more radiopharmaceuticals at the same time include dual isotope cardiac imaging allowing a stress Tc-99m image to be acquired simultaneously with a rest Tl-201 imaging, or using Tc-99m labeled blood cells to image anatomy while simultaneously using an In-111 complex to image prostate cancer. Reconstruction of SPECT images from radiopharmaceuticals that produce different energy peaks is complicated by the fact that photons emitted at different energies will be scattered differently, attenuated differently, have different gamma camera detection efficiencies, and so forth. In addition, photons emitted from higher energies can be down-scattered and contaminate the projection data acquired in lower energy windows. Typically, for multiple-peak isotopes, the gamma camera acquires or bins photons at different energies in a single projection image set, and the reconstruction employs average or approximate parameter values to account for scattering, attenuation, detector efficiency, and so forth. For example, iterative reconstruction methods typically utilize a single set of projections for comparison to estimated activity maps, even if the projections include photons acquired at different energies. Attenuation, scatter, and other compensations are performed by assuming an average or summed value for specific physical properties. Although the reconstructed images are clinically usable, the averaging or approximation degrades the quantitative accuracy of the image. Moreover, if two or more different radiopharmaceuticals are administered, each targeting a functional or molecular compartment and each emitting photons at different peak energies, then reconstruction of a single projection image set does not provide readily distinguishable imaging of the different functional or molecular compartments.	{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }
Armou Armou () is a village in the Paphos District of Cyprus, located south-east of Mesogi. It has a panoramic view of Paphos. Armou is located 363m above sea level. The area has been inhabited since pre-Christian times, according to the findings now exhibited at the Archaeological Museum of Paphos. The name of the community emerged from its first settler called Armos, while another version speaks of the “armos (joint in Greek)“ because of its location (like a joint joining the mountain and the valley). A third version refers to the “arma (chariot in Greek)” of the goddess Aphrodite, which the goddess used in order to visit these places. Due to the village's location and environment, the village has attracted many Cypriot and foreign residents. Transportation The Tsada Golf Course – Minthis Hills is a 7 km drive from Armou. The Agia Varvara church is the only church in the village. Resources Category:Communities in Paphos District	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sample code for Chapter 5 - "First-class functions" From the book "Fluent Python" by Luciano Ramalho (O'Reilly, 2015) http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920032519.do	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
1 Answer 1 A loose translation: Why does the Torah need to emphasize that a Mamzer is forbidden even after 10 generations? There is an opinion in the Talmud Yerushalmi that a berya, a complete creature can become nullified if it is intermingled among a mixture of more that nine hundred and sixty. If you calculate the percentage of a Mamzer that is left after 10 generations, it is 1/1024 - [Note that a Mamzer can marry a convert or descendant of converts. The child is still a Mamzer. Rambam, Hilchot Issurei Biah 15:7-8] The child of a Mamzer and a non-Mamzerite woman would have 50% Mamzerness. [Halachically the child is completely a Mamzer, but biologically he is only half a Mamzer] A grandson would have twenty-five percent from the father. The third generation will have an eighth. The fourth will have a sixteenth. The fifth will have one thirty-second from the original mamzer. The sixth will have one sixty-fourth. The seventh generation will only have one out of one hundred and twenty-eight. The eighth will have one out of two hundred and fifty-six. The ninth will have one out of five hundred and twelve. The tenth generation will only have one out of one thousand and twenty-four from the original mamzer. Because one might argue that according to the minority opinion in the Talmud Yerushalmi the child my no longer be a Mamzer after 10 generations, the Torah explicitly refutes that claim. I don't see why the same logic can't be used to explain why the Torah mentions 10 generations by a Moavite or Ammonite.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Tuesday, 29 December 2009 It's time for another update on progress! This time we've reached Level 30 after about 19 hours /played. Most of that time was spent running in circles around Ashenvale and Southern Barrens looking for rare mobs - gief SilverDragon! It's not worth just skipping those ones because they give really good xp and sometimes also nice rewards. It's really quiet out there in the world... I miss not being part of a guild at the moment. I notice this especially when we go into one of the cities and the trade channel suddendly springs to life - Oh, there ARE people out there. I'm finding I have mana troubles again at times, especially when I need to heal when there are a few mobs or an elite on us. It's not really a problem, I just need to drink a bit more often. My problem is that [Regrowth] (161 mana, 2 sec cast, 318-360 + hot) doesn't seem very mana efficient and [Healing Touch] (183 mana, 3 sec cast, 502-606) takes juuust too long to cast. I'm considering using [Glyph of Healing Touch] which reduces cast time to 1.5 sec but only heals for 250-300 then, and would cost just short of 140 mana. It's a shame we don't get Nourish until level 80 though. Does anyone have suggestions for healy spells at low level? Apart from respeccing resto for levelling that is :) It's time for another update on progress! This time we've reached Level 30 after about 19 hours /played. Most of that time was spent running in circles around Ashenvale and Southern Barrens looking for rare mobs - gief SilverDragon! It's not worth just skipping those ones because they give really good xp and sometimes also nice rewards. It's really quiet out there in the world... I miss not being part of a guild at the moment. I notice this especially when we go into one of the cities and the trade channel suddendly springs to life - Oh, there ARE people out there. I'm finding I have mana troubles again at times, especially when I need to heal when there are a few mobs or an elite on us. It's not really a problem, I just need to drink a bit more often. My problem is that [Regrowth] (161 mana, 2 sec cast, 318-360 + hot) doesn't seem very mana efficient and [Healing Touch] (183 mana, 3 sec cast, 502-606) takes juuust too long to cast. I'm considering using [Glyph of Healing Touch] which reduces cast time to 1.5 sec but only heals for 250-300 then, and would cost just short of 140 mana. It's a shame we don't get Nourish until level 80 though. Does anyone have suggestions for healy spells at low level? Apart from respeccing resto for levelling that is :)	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
James Lowery James Lowery may refer to: Jamie Lowery (born 1961), former soccer player Anybody Killa (born 1973), rapper James R. Lowery (1884–1956), Alberta politician	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Q: Independence in card deck Suppose you pick three cards, one at a time without replacement, from a pack of 52 cards. Let Hi be the event that the ith card is hearts. How can i prove that H1 and H2 (first being a heart, and second being a heart) are independent or not A: They are dependent. $H_1$ has probability $\dfrac{13}{52} = \dfrac14$ chance of being a heart. If $H_1$ then $H_2$ has probability $\dfrac{12}{51}$, else $H_2$ has probability $\dfrac{13}{51}$.	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Check out our new site Makeup Addiction add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption Where the fuck are redditors finding all the stray kittens?	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Leveron called up to Honduras for international friendly vs. El Salvador August 5, 20131:58 PM PDT NOTE - Match was cancelled on August 6, as a result Johnny Leveron will no longer leave for Honduras on August 12. VANCOUVER, BC – Vancouver Whitecaps FC announced today that centre back Johnny Leveron has been called up by Honduras for their international friendly against El Salvador August 14 in San Pedro Sula, Honduras. The native of Yoro, Honduras, has made 22 international appearances for his country and scored three goals since making his debut in 2010. Honduras will use the upcoming friendly as preparation for the fourth and final round of the CONCACAF World Cup qualifiers, otherwise known as “The Hex,” which begins next month. The top three teams will qualify directly for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, while the fourth-placed side will play a home-and-home series with New Zealand to determine the final entrant. Honduras currently trails third-place Mexico by just one point. Leveron will join the Honduran national squad on August 12 and return on August 15, meaning he will be eligible for selection in Vancouver’s match against Colorado Rapids later in the week. The 23-year-old defender has started all 13 of his appearances with Whitecaps FC in his first season in MLS. He was named to the MLS Team of the Week for Week 22 after a rock-solid performance against Philadelphia Union with the ‘Caps playing down a man for most of the match.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
ARM Discloses Technical Details Of The Next Version Of The ARM Architecture 27 October 2011 First details of ARMv8 architecture released SANTA CLARA, CA, USA – OCT.27, 2011– ARM today disclosed technical details of its new ARMv8 architecture, the first ARM architecture to include a 64-bit instruction set. ARMv8 broadens the ARM architecture to embrace 64-bit processing and extends virtual addressing, building on the rich heritage of the 32-bit ARMv7 architecture upon which market leading cores such as the Cortex™-A9 and Cortex-A15 processors are built. The ARM architecture is unique in its ability to span the full range of electronic devices and equipment, from tiny sensors through to large scale infrastructure equipment. Building on the industry standard 32-bit ARM architecture, the new ARMv8 architecture will expand the reach of ARM processor-based solutions into consumer and enterprise applications where extended virtual addressing and 64-bit data processing are required. The ARMv8 architecture consists of two main execution states, AArch64 and AArch32. The AArch64 execution state introduces a new instruction set, A64 for 64-bit processing. The AArch32 state supports the existing ARM instruction set. The key features of the current ARMv7 architecture, including TrustZone®, virtualization and NEON™ advanced SIMD, are maintained or extended in the ARMv8 architecture. “With our increasingly connected world, the market for 32-bit processing continues to expand and evolve creating new opportunities for 32-bit ARMv7 based processors in embedded, real-time and open application platforms.” said Mike Muller, CTO, ARM. “We believe the ARMv8 architecture is ideally suited to enable the ARM partnership to continue to grow in 32-bit application spaces and bring diverse, innovative and energy-efficient solutions to 64-bit processing markets.” In support of the introduction of the ARMv8 architecture, ARM is working to ensure a robust design ecosystem to support the 64-bit instruction set. The ARM compiler and Fast Models with ARMv8 support have already been made available to key ecosystem partners. Initial support for a range of open source operating systems, applications and third-party tools is already in development. Working together the ARM partnership is collaborating to accelerate development of a 64-bit ecosystem, in many cases as a natural extension to the broad ecosystem in place to support ARMv7 based devices in the market today. "ARM is an important partner for Microsoft," said KD Hallman, general manager, Microsoft Corp. "The evolution of ARM to support a 64-bit architecture is a significant development for ARM and for the ARM ecosystem. We look forward to witnessing this technology's potential to enhance future ARM-based solutions." “The combination of NVIDIA’s leadership in energy-efficient, high-performance processing and the new ARMv8 architecture will enable game-shifting breakthroughs in devices across the full range of computing – from smartphones through to supercomputers,” said Dan Vivoli, senior vice president, NVIDIA. “The current growth trajectory of data centers, driven by the viral explosion of social media and cloud computing, will continue to accelerate. The ability to handle this data increase with energy-efficient solutions is vital,” said Vinay Ravuri, vice president and general manager of AppliedMicro’s Processor Business Unit. “The ARM 64-bit architecture provides the right balance of performance, efficiency and cost to scale to meet these growing demands and we are very excited to be a leading partner in implementing solutions based on the ARMv8 architecture.” The ARMv8 architecture will enable the development of ARM architecture compatible devices that can be designed to maximize the benefits across both 32-bit and 64-bit application areas. This will bring the advantages of energy-efficient 64-bit computing to new applications such as high-end servers and computing, as well as offering backwards compatibility and migration for existing software through a consistent architecture. The ARMv8 architecture specifications describing all aspects of the ARMv8 architecture are available now to partners under license. ARM will disclose processors based on ARMv8 during 2012, with consumer and enterprise prototype systems expected in 2014. About ARM ARM designs the technology that is at the heart of advanced digital products, from wireless, networking and consumer entertainment solutions to imaging, automotive, security and storage devices. ARM's comprehensive product offering includes 32-bit RISC microprocessors, graphics processors, video engines, enabling software, cell libraries, embedded memories, high-speed connectivity products, peripherals and development tools. Combined with comprehensive design services, training, support and maintenance, and the company's broad Partner community, they provide a total system solution that offers a fast, reliable path to market for leading electronics companies.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
To maximize hydrocarbon production, wellbores are routinely steered to desired targets within a formation while being drilled. Accurately delineating the actual path of an existing wellbore, as well as predicting a trajectory that a wellbore being drilled will take, however, has proven difficult. Sensors in the drill string near the bit are used to send positional data uphole. The accuracy of such sensors, however, is affected by adverse conditions encountered downhole. The hydrocarbon recovery industry, therefore, would be receptive to tools that improve the accuracy of determining the location of existing wellbores and the prediction of a trajectory of wellbores during drilling.	{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }
430 So.2d 1016 (1982) Gerald W. WILEY, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY, Defendant-Appellant. No. 82-229. Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Third Circuit. October 22, 1982. Writ Denied January 10, 1983. Dubuisson & Dubuisson, James G. Dubuisson, Opelousas, for defendant-appellant. 1017 Carol J. Aymond, Bunkie, for plaintiffappellee. Before DOMENGEAUX, DOUCET and YELVERTON, JJ. DOUCET, Judge. This is a retaliatory dischargeconflicts of lawcase involving an injured railway worker seeking to invoke state anti-discrimination laws. Can a railroad employee, discharged for filing (and subsequently settling) a claim under the F.E.L.A., maintain a suit for wrongful discharge pursuant to Louisiana Revised Statute 23:1361. That is the issue presented for our consideration. As far as we are aware, this is the first reported case wherein application of the aforesaid wrongful discharge provision of our workmens compensation laws has been asserted. The trial judge summarized the facts giving rise to this suit as follows: "... on May 9, 1979, while in the course and scope of his employment by defendant, Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, plaintiff sustained an injury. As a result of these injuries plaintiff entered into a release with the railroad in consideration of the sum of $10,000.00 being paid to him by his employer. The plaintiff was required to sign a release which expressly stated the plaintiff had resigned from the services of the railroad and that he would not thereafter be employed by that company or any of its affiliated or subsidary companies. On November 20, 1980, the railroad sent a letter to plaintiff which read as follows: "Our records indicate that you hold seniority on the Missouri Pacific Railroad. Your services are needed at this time; therefore, you are requested to contact this office prior to December 1, 1980. If for any reason you are unable to do so, please furnish medical evidence of your inability to do so. If you have not marked up in the allotted time, or given evidence to why you cannot you will be considered absent without proper authority and in violation of proper instructions." At the instigation of defendant, plaintiff was re-employed by the railroad in December of 1980 and thereafter continued to work for the railroad until he was discharged by letter dated May 1, 1981 which read as follows: "Please refer to your letter of March 13, 1980 wherein you relinquished all employment rights with Missouri Pacific Railroad, and agreed to release all claim for back wages, lost time, etc. This letter was signed as a final settlement growing out of a personal injury sustained by you at Luling, Louisiana on May 9, 1979. We are advised that you were erroneously allowed to return to work. This letter is to advise you that you cannot be permitted to work for Missouri Pacific Railroad again in any capacity, due to your final settlement dated March 13, 1980." After trial on the merits, the trial court rendered judgment in favor of plaintiff, Gerald W. Wiley, awarding $21,421.40, representing one year's earnings plus attorney's fees in the sum of $3,500.00, pursuant to La.R.S. 23:1361. From that judgment defendant Missouri Pacific Railroad Company has appealed, specifying the following alleged errors:[1] "1. `The trial judge erred in holding that R.S. 23:1361 applied to a previous assertion of a claim under the Federal Employer's Liability Act. 2. The trial judge erred in holding that plaintiff was discharged from his employment because of having asserted a previous claim under the Federal Employers' Liability Act. 3. The trial judge erred in not holding that the provisions of R.S. 23:1361 are unconstitutional 1018 if applied to previous claims asserted under the Federal Employers' Liability Act on the ground that such provisions would constitute state legislation in a field of law pre-empted by laws passed by the Congress of the United States of America. 4. The trial Judge erred in failing to hold that the provisions of R.S. 23:1361 would be unconstitutional if applied to previous assertion of claims under the Federal Employers' Liability Act on the ground that the Act would then be broader than its title." The historical development of the employment relationship, leading up to the wrongful discharge action, was succinctly summarized in Pugh v. See's Candies, Inc., 116 Cal.App.3d 311,171 Cal.Rptr. 917 (1981), as follows: "The law of the employment relationship has been, and perhaps still is, in the process of continuing evolution. The old law of master and servant, which held sway through the eighteenth century and to some extent beyond, viewed the relationship as primarily one of status rather than of contract. While agreement gave rise to the relationship and might establish certain of its terms, it was "custom and public policy, not the will of the parties, [which] defined the implicit framework of mutual rights and obligations." (Selznick, Law, Society and Industrial Justice (1969) p. 123.) The essence of the relationship as so defined drew its contours from the model of the householdin which, typically, the servant worked, the master had general authority to discipline the servant, and it was the servant's duty to obey. (Id., at pp. 124-125.) At the same time, the master had certain responsibilities for the servant's general welfare. (Id., at p. 128.) The relationship was thus in a sense paternalistic. And it was not terminable at will; rather, there existed a presumption (in the absence of contrary agreement) that employment was for a period of one year. (Id., at p. 125.) With the industrial revolution in the nineteenth century the law of master and servant underwent a gradual remodeling, primarily at the hands of the judiciary. Primary emphasis came to be placed, through contract doctrine, upon the freedom of the parties to define their own relationship. "The emphasis shifted from obligation to freedom of choice." (Id., at p. 131.) The terms of the contract were to be sought in voluntary agreement, express or implied, the employee being presumed to have assented to the rules and working conditions established by the employer. (Ibid.) In light of the generally superior bargaining power of the employer, "the employment contract became [by the end of the nineteenth century] a very special sort of contractin large part a device for guaranteeing to management unilateral power to make rules and exercise discretion." (Ibid.) And management's unilateral power extended, generally, to the term of the relationship as well. The new emphasis brought with it a gradual weakening of the traditional presumption that a general hiring (i.e., one without a specific term) was for a year, and its replacement by the converse presumption that "a general or indefinite hiring is prima facie a hiring at will." (Wood, A Treatise on the Law of Master and Servant (1877) § 134, fn. 49.)3 In California, this presumption is reflected in Labor Code section 2922, which provides: "An employment, having no specified term, may be terminated at the will of either party on notice to the other. Employment for a specified term means an employment for a period greater than one month." The recognized inequality in bargaining power between employer and individual employee undergirded the rise of the labor unions and the institutionalization of collective bargaining.4 And through collective bargaining, unions have placed limitations on the employer's unilateral right of termination. Under most union contracts, employees can only be dismissed for "just cause," and disputes over what constitutes cause for dismissal are 1019 typically decided by arbitrators chosen by the parties.5 Collective bargaining agreements, however, cover only a small fraction of the nation's work force,6 and employees who either do not or (as in the case of managerial employees such as Mr. Pugh) cannot form unions7 are left without that protection. In recent years, there have been established by statute a variety of limitations upon the employer's power of dismissal. Employers are precluded, for example, from terminating employees for a variety of reasons, including union membership or activities, race, sex, age or political affiliation.8 Legislatures in this country have so far refrained, however, from adopting statutes, such as those which exist in most other industrialized countries,9 which would provide more generalized protection to employees against unjust dismissal. And while public employees may enjoy job security through civil service rules10 and due process,11 the legal principles which give rise to these protections are not directly applicable to employees in private industry.12" (Footnotes omitted). Thus, under the traditional rule, an employer could discharge a long-term employee for no cause, bad cause, or any cause whatsoever, without regard to his years of satisfactory performance, or the substantial opportunities he may have foregone to remain in the employer's service. As a result thereof the employee without recourse often suffered the cost and inconvenience of searching for a new job (if available), moving expenses and the costs of relocating a family, and emotional distress from embarrassment and loss of status. Until recently the "at will" doctrine was considered so well established that courts applied the rule without inquiring into its logic. Both legislatures and courts have limited the "employment at will" doctrine in recent years to protect participants in union activity[2], workmen's compensation claimants[3], employees serving on jury duty[4], veterans[5], debtors[6], and informants[7], and prohibit employment practices that discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin[8], or age[9]. Factors which courts have considered in finding rights to job security include special or separate consideration given by the employee for the position, the common law of the job, and the longevity of the employee in the job. In the first instance courts have looked at benefits to the employer, such as surrender of tort claims[10], contributions to the business such as bringing in a special account[11], and the extent of job training. The separate consideration necessary to sustain a permanent employment contract may also have arisen from special reliance by the employee or a demonstration that the employee forfeited something other than services in order to procure the jobe.g.the 1020 sale of a business where the offer of employment constituted an inducement for the change of status[12], relinquishing a good job or turning down another favorable opportunity in return for a promise of job stability[13], uprooting his or her family and moving long distances to accept a job[14], or hard-sell recruiting efforts[15]. Note, Implied Contract Rights to Job Security, 26 Stan.L.Rev. 335 (1974). In other cases courts have looked to the "common law of the job", or established policy of the firm, to determine the parties understanding as to the duration of a job. The firm's policy may be ascertained from handbooks[16], memorandum to employees[17], oral statements, or the job itself may imply a necessary and natural duration[18]. Furthermore, longevity of service may give rise to implied job security inasmuch as pension and health care plans are a form of deferred compensation and the unexpected severance of an elderly employee both leaves the worker in a precarious position and unjustly enriches the employer[19]. Similarly, inclusion in the employment contract of a covenant not to compete may support a claim that the employee would not be dismissed except for good cause. Implied Contract Rights to Job Security, supra. The United States Supreme Court has recognized implied contractual rights to job security as a property right within the meaning of the 14th Amendment. In Perry v. Sindermann, 408 U.S. 593, 92 S.Ct. 2694, 33 L.Ed.2d 570 (1972), a faculty member who had taught in a state college system for 10 years was dismissed without hearing. Although the college did not have a tenure system, the school's faculty guide stated that a teacher's job was secure as long as the teacher's services were satisfactory and he or she was cooperative. At the expiration of Sindermann's 10th one year contract, the Board of Regents of Odessa Junior College voted not to offer him another contract, provided no official statement, no hearing and no appeal. A press release alleged that plaintiff's nonretention was due to insubordination that arose while he was serving as President of the Texas Junior College Teachers Association. The Supreme Court held that the denial of an opportunity to prove an implied contractual right to employment security violated plaintiff's due process rights. Said the Court: [A]bsence of such an explicit contractual provision [tenure] may not always foreclose the possibility that a teacher has a "property" interest in re-employment. For example, the law of contracts in most, if not all, jurisdictions has long employed a process by which agreements, though not formalized in writing, may be "implied."109 Another approach applied by courts to deter unjust dismissals is the implied contractual duty to perform in good faith. In Fortune v. National Cash Register Co., 373 Mass. 96,364 N.E.2d 1251 (1977), the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court held that implicit in the plaintiff's employment contract was a covenant of good faith which limited the employer's power to discharge. Accord: Pugh v. Seas Candies, supra. This court has heretofore recognized, in other contexts, that a contract terminable at will is nevertheless subject to limitation on the exercise of that will, to wit: that such termination not be arbitrary and capricious. 1021 Gautreau v. Southern Farm Casualty Insurance Co., 410 So.2d 815 (La.App. 3rd Cir. 1982) writ granted, La., 414 So.2d 392. In Monge v. Beebe Rubber Co., 114 N.H. 130, 316 A.2d 549 (1974), the New Hampshire Supreme Court imposed a good faith limitation on employer discharge on the grounds that an absolute right to discharge endangered the important public policy of improving labor relations in the state. Related hereto is: Summers, Individual Protection Against Unjust Dismissal: Time For A Statute, 62 Va.L.Rev. 481 (1976); Peck, Unjust Discharges from Employment: A Necessary Change in the Law, 40 Ohio St.L.J. 1 (1979); Employment at Will and the Law of Contracts, 23 Buffalo L.Rev. 211 (1973); The Employee's Emerging Right to Sue for Arbitrary or Unfair Discharge, 6 Emp.Rel.L.J. 422 (1980); Kelsay v. Motorola, Inc.: Tort Action for Retaliatory Discharge upon Filing Workmen's Compensation Claim, 12 John Marshall J.Prac. & Proc. 659 (1979); Protecting the Private Sector At Will Employee Who "Blows the Whistle": A Cause of Action Based Upon Determinants of Public Policy, 1977 Wisc.L.Rev. 777; Feinman, The Development of the Employment at Will Rule, 20 Am.J.Legal Hist. 118 (1976); Non-Statutory Cause of Action for an Employer's Termination of an "At Will" Employment Relationship: A Possible Solution to the Economic Imbalance in the Employer-Employee Relationship, 24 N.Y.L.Sch.L.Rev. 743 (1979); and last but not least, Protecting At Will Employees Against Wrongful Discharge: The Duty to Terminate Only in Good Faith, 93 Harv.L.Rev. 1816 (1980). Louisiana protection from unjust discharge has as its origin La.Civ.Code Art. 2749 which provides: Art. 2749. Liability for dismissal of laborer without cause Art. 2749. If, without any serious ground of complaint, a man should send away a laborer whose services he has hired for a certain time, before that time has expired, he shall be bound to pay to such laborer the whole of the salaries which he would have been entitled to receive, had the full term of his services arrived. However, the article's humane purpose of preventing abusive discharge has at times been thwarted by a narrow, limited construction of the term "hired for a certain time". Under jurisprudence of years past, permanent employment was often equated with employment at will. Thus, an injured worker who asserted his right to workmen's compensation and was discharged often found himself without recourse. In response to this abusive practice of employers, the Louisiana legislature in 1980, with the aid of organized labor, drafted a statute to protect injured workers who seek to avail themselves of our workmen's compensation laws. The enacted statute reads as follows: SUBPART E. UNLAWFUL DISCRIMINATION PROHIBITED [NEW] § 1361. Unlawful discrimination prohibited A. No person, firm or corporation shall refuse to employ any applicant for employment because of such applicant having asserted a claim for workmen's compensation benefits under the provisions of this Chapter or under the law of any state or of the United States. Nothing in this Section shall require a person to employ an applicant who does not meet the qualifications of the position sought. B. No person shall discharge an employee from employment because of said employee having asserted a claim for benefits under the provisions of this Chapter or under the law of any state or of the United States. Nothing in this Chapter shall prohibit an employer from1 discharging an employee who because of injury can no longer perform the duties of his employment. C. Any person who has been denied employment or discharged from employment in violation of the provisions of this Section shall be entitled to recover from the employer or prospective employer who has violated the provisions of this Section a civil penalty which shall be the equivalent of the amount the employee 1022 would have earned but for the discrimination based upon the starting salary of the position sought or the earnings of the employee at the time of the discharge, as the case may be, but not more than one year's earnings, together with a reasonable attorney's fee. Added by Acts 1980, No. 704, § 1. 1 Changed from "form" to "from" on authority of R.S. 24:253. (emphasis ours) Hence, under Louisiana law, an employer must show good cause for discharging an employee engaged for a fixed term. Lanier v. Alenco, 459 F.2d 689 (5th Cir.C.A. 1972); LSA-C.C. Art. 2749. Assertion of a claim for workmen's compensation benefits is not good cause for discharge. LSA-R.S. 23:1361. With regard to appellant's contention that the trial judge erred in finding that plaintiff was discharged for having asserted a claim against his employer, we note the following reasons assigned by the trial judge in his reasons for judgment: "The railroad's letter of May 1, 1981 specifically advised the plaintiff that he could not be permitted to work for the railroad again in any capacity due to his final settlement dated March 13, 1980. The reason plaintiff was discharged was because of his assertion of a claim against the railroad." We cannot say the trial judge's finding on this factual matter is clearly wrong; indeed, it appears to be the only conclusion supportable by the evidence. The only contrary evidence concerning the reasons for plaintiff's discharge is the ipse dixit statement of Mr. Robert L. Cathers, claims agent for the railroad, that plaintiff did not possess the character that defendant desired in its employees. We agree with the trial judge that plaintiff was dismissed for having asserted a claim against his employer. Accordingly, we proceed to address the issue of whether R.S. 23:1361 can be applied under the circumstances presented. Railway employees are covered by the Federal Employers' Liability Act, 45 U.S. C.A. § 51 et seq., which extends to employees any part of whose duties further or substantially affect interstate commerce. As noted by Professors Malone and Johnson: "The expansive definition of the interstate commerce requirement of the FELA and the relative ease with which the requirement of negligence may be established under it have combined to make it virtually certain that an injured railway employee would not even seek benefits under a state compensation act." Malone & Johnson, Workers Compensation § 413 (1980 ed.). The relative ease with which recovery may be had is evidenced in Rogers v. Missouri Pacific Railroad Co., 352 U.S. 500, 77 S.Ct. 443, 1 L.Ed.2d 493 (1957), rehearing denied 353 U.S. 943, 77 S.Ct. 808, 71 L.Ed.2d 764, wherein it was held that the test of a jury case is whether proofs justify with reason conclusion that employer negligence played any part, even the slightest, in producing injury, and it does not matter that, from the evidence, the injury was attributable to employee's contributory negligence, since the statute expressly imposes liability upon the employer to pay damages for injury due in whole or part to the employer's negligence. Thus, under the FELA the employer is stripped of his common law defenses and the injured worker's burden is eased. Inasmuch as the act is remedial in nature, it is afforded a liberal construction. From the foregoing we discern that although entitled a liability act, the standard of proof required to sustain an action is such that the FELA is, at least in part, compensatory in nature. We find the FELA to be within the scope of laws designated in LSA-R.S. 23:1361. Furthermore, we perceive no conflict between state and federal interests. The state interest expressed in R.S. 23:1361 remains the same whether plaintiff's claim be categorized as tort or workmen's compensationprotecting the assertion of legal right from retaliatory repercussion. On the other hand, no federal policy is interfered with by affording railroad employees the protection of R.S. 23:1361. Clearly, Louisiana is free to accord its workers greater protection from discrimination. 1023 We find Andrews v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co., 406 U.S. 320, 92 S.Ct. 1562, 32 L.Ed.2d 95 (1972), relied upon by appellant, to be inapposite. Andrews held that where the only source of a railroad employee's right not to be discharged was a collective bargaining agreement between the railroad and union, the plaintiff-employee who had not pursued his administrative remedy under the Railway Labor Act could not bring an action against the railroad for wrongful discharge. The plaintiff herein asks for no relief under any collective agreement; rather, he seeks to invoke La.R.S. 23:1361. We have found no law evidencing an intention to render federal channels exclusive for retaliatory discharge claims. The principal purpose of R.S. 23:1361 is remedial, rather than penal. Remedial and penal statutes are distinguishable in terms of the nature of the evil sought to be remedied by the legislation; it is penal if it undertakes to redress to the public and remedial if it undertakes to remedy a wrong to the individual. 3 Sutherland, Statutory Construction, § 60.03, at 33 (4th ed. Sands, 1974); State v. Boniface, 369 So.2d 115 (La.1979). R.S. 23:1361 was designed to protect individuals from discrimination by virtue of their assertion of legal right. Inasmuch as R.S. 23:1361 is a remedial statute, it is to be liberally construed to suppress the evil and to advance the remedy. Starks v. Orleans Motors, Inc., 372 F.Supp. 928 (E.D.La.1974). What is a liberal construction is ordinarily one which makes the statutory rule or principle apply in more situations than would be the case under a strict construction. State v. Boniface, supra. In the present case the evil to be deterred is unjust dismissals. The employee must be able to exercise his right in an unfettered fashion without being subjected to reprisal. The remedy is intended to place the discriminated-against employee in the same position he would have been but for the employer's retaliatory conduct, thereby affording the worker an opportunity to organize his affairs and enter the work force anew. Extending the statute's remedy to workers discharged for asserting FELA claims is entirely consistent with liberal construction afforded remedial acts. Next, appellant contends that R.S. 23:1361 entitled "Unlawful discrimination prohibited", is unconstitutional in that it violates Art. 3 Section 15(A) of the 1974 Louisiana Constitution which requires that "Every bill ... shall be confined to one object. Every bill shall contain a brief title indicative of the object." According to appellant, the body of the statute involved is broader than the title inasmuch as the title makes no reference to federal laws, therefore R.S. 23:1361 is invalid. However, it is only where the variance in the provisions of an act is palpable and totally irreconcilable with its title, or where both title and body express two distinct subjects, that the intention of the legislature will be held to be in conflict with the Constitution. Jefferson Parish v. Louisiana Dept. of Corrections, 259 La. 1063, 254 So.2d 582 (1971). The act at issue specifically prohibits discrimination against employees asserting a claim "under the provisions of this Chapter or under the law of any state or of the United States". The purpose of the constitutional provision that every statute have a title indicative of its object is not to require that the title of an act be an index of its contents, but only that the title in general direct attention to the purposes of the law. State v. Sliger, 261 La. 999, 261 So.2d 643 (1972). The title does not limit its application to claims for workmen's compensation benefits under state law; it does give fair notice as to its scope. We find R.S. 23:1361 constitutional. Furthermore, the evidence indicates that plaintiff established a prima facie case under La.Civ.Code Art. 2749. The abovementioned letter received by plaintiff noted his seniority, requested his return to work and warned "If you have not marked upon in the allotted time, or given evidence as to why you cannot you will be considered without proper authority and in violation of proper instructions." Apparently, it was the understanding of the parties that the employment relationship would continue indefinitely 1024 pending the occurrence of some good and just cause for termination. Hence the term of employment was ascertainable. However, our resolution of plaintiff's R.S. 23:1361 claim renders it unnecessary for us to decide this issue. For the reasons assigned, the judgment appealed is affirmed at appellant's cost. AFFIRMED. DOMENGEAUX, J., concurred in result only and assigned reasons. DOMENGEAUX, Judge, concurring. I concur in the result only. I agree that the circumstances of this case and the fact that plaintiff's claim was asserted and settled under the F.E.L.A. is such that his suit herein is lawfully asserted under the provisions of La.R.S. 23:1631. I also agree that La.R.S. 23:1361 is not violative of Art. 3, Section 15(A) of the Louisiana Constitution of 1974. NOTES [1] Appellant does not rely on the release provisions wherein plaintiff agrees not to return to work for Missouri Pacific Railroad. [2] National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. § 158(a). [3] Frampton v. Central Indiana Gas Co., 260 Ind. 249, 297 N.E.2d 425 (1973). [4] Ness v. Hocks, 272 Or. 210, 536 P.2d 512 (1975). [5] Universal Military Training and Service Act, 50 U.S.C.App. § 459(b) (1968); Carter v. United States, 401 F.2d 1238 (D.C.Cir.1968). [6] Consumer Credit Protection Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1674(a) (1970). [7] Harless v. First National Bank in Fairmont, 246 S.E.2d 270 (W.Va.1978); cf: Tameny v. Atlantic Richfield Co., 27 Cal.3d 167, 164 Cal. Rptr. 839, 610 P.2d 1330 (1980) refusing to participate in an illegal price-fixing scheme; Sheets v. Teddy's Frosted Foods, Inc., 179 Conn. 471, 427 A.2d 385 (1980); Petermann v. Teamster's Local 396, 174 Cal.App.2d 184, 344 P.2d 25 (1959) refusal to give perjured testimony. [8] Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, § 701 et seq., 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq. For a recent case involving reverse discrimination discharge claims pursuant to the abovementioned act see Morgan v. O'Bryant, 671 F.2d 23 (1st Cir.1981). [9] Age Discrimination in Employment Act, 29 U.S.C. § 623 (1970). [10] Pierce v. Tennessee Coal Iron & R.R., 173 U.S. 1, 19 S.Ct. 335, 43 L.Ed. 591 (1905). [11] Downes v. Poncet, 38 Misc. 799, 78 N.Y.S. 883 (N.Y. City Ct. 1902). [12] Bondi v. Jewels by Edwar, Ltd., 267 Cal. App.2d 672, 73 Cal.Rptr. 494 (2d Dist.1964). [13] Maloney v. E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., 352 F.2d 936 (D.C.Cir.1965), cert. denied 383 U.S. 948, 86 S.Ct. 1201, 16 L.Ed.2d 219 (1966). [14] Ward v. Consolidated Foods Corp., 480 S.W.2d 483 (Tex.Civ.App.1972). [15] Id. [16] Greene v. Howard Univ., 412 F.2d 1128 (D.C.Cir.1969). [17] Brawthen v. H & R Block, Inc., 28 Cal. App.3d 131, 104 Cal.Rptr. 486 (1st Dist.1972). [18] Woods v. M.A. Shumard & Co., 114 La. 451, 38 So. 416 (1905); Sarusal v. Seung, 96 Wash. 295, 165 P. 116 (1917). [19] Fulton v. Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders Assoc. of America, 63 Tenn.App. 569, 476 S.W.2d 644 (1971).	{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }
BB reinvented by the make-up artist’s perfect skin know-how: a 5-in-1 magical formula for the ultimate nude complexion brought to you by the world’s leading beauty expert. Inspired by years of backstage make-up experience, Shu Uemura, unveils a new-generation BB perfector that integrates the power of hydrating mask, essence, primer, concealer and illuminator to create that runway-ready flawless face in one effortless step. Soy extract & Vitamin E repair skin damage for less visible pores, reduced fine-lines and wrinkles, and firm skin for an ideal skin canvas. Like a hydrating mask which make-up artists use as a secret pre-step to make-up, the Marine Herb Complex bathes skin with intense moisture to restore optimum skin condition for make-up. Acting as a primer, the Smoothing Veil Technology covers pores, evens skin tone, and controls excess oil to keep make-up fresh. To achieve a natural look, Ultra Fit Technology enables coverage-building on areas where you need it. Finally, the Lumipearl technology instantly bathes skin with a radiant glow as if skin is lit from within. Keep that flawless complexion all day long with Shu Uemura’s sheer face powder, a super-fine lightweight powder that gives a long-lasting soft matte finish. Experience the magic of this skin-perfecting set at an equally perfect price. What You Get Stage Performer BB Perfector: 10ml Sheer Face Powder (Colorless): 3.2g For more information, you may visit the offer here, at Taste Taste Central.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Premiere: Dikembe – “Two Zero Two” (Northstar Cover) Posted: 6th July, 2017 by admin Premiering the newest track in Dikembe’s cover series, “Two Zero Two” originally by Northstar. Dikembe add their typical emotional energy to this already classic emo track. I have enjoyed this entire cover series, but this might be my favorite one. Take a listen below: COVERS 2017 by Dikembe Today is also the 1 year anniversary of Dikembe’s last full length, Hail Something, so they’re selling it on vinyl for $8 on their own label, Death Protector Collective. Catch them on tour now with Prince Daddy & the Hyena (dates below) – Henderson	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
In an optical communication system, it is generally necessary to couple an optical fiber to an opto-electronic transmitter, receiver or transceiver device and, in turn, to couple the device to an electronic system such as a switching system or processing system. These connections can be facilitated by modularizing the transceiver device. An opto-electronic transceiver module includes an opto-electronic light source, such as a laser, and an opto-electronic light receiver, such as a photodiode, and may also include various electronic circuitry associated with the laser and photodiode. For example, driver circuitry can be included for driving the laser in response to electronic signals received from the electronic system. Likewise, receiver circuitry can be included for processing the signals produced by the photodiode and providing output signals to the electronic system. The electronic and opto-electronic devices can be mounted on a small circuit board or similar substrate inside the transceiver module housing. The circuit board can include an electrical connector for connecting the opto-electronic transceiver to the external electronic system. In some modular opto-electronic transceiver systems, an optical plug that terminates an optical fiber cable can be plugged into a socket in the transceiver module housing. When coupled to the transceiver module in this manner, the ends of optical fibers in the plug are optically aligned with optics in the opto-electronic transceiver. The optics couple electronic signals between the fibers and the laser and photodiode. A first fiber, which can be referred to as a transmit fiber, is optically coupled to the laser so that optical signals generated by the transceiver module are transmitted via that transmit fiber. A second fiber, which can be referred to as a receive fiber, is optically coupled to the photodiode so that optical signals received via the receive fiber can be received by the transceiver module. In some opto-electronic transceiver modules, the optical signal path includes a 90-degree turn. For example, the above-described circuit board on which the laser and photodiode are mounted can be oriented perpendicularly or normal to the axes along which the signals are communicated with the optical fibers in the plug. The laser emits the optical transmit signal in a direction normal to the circuit board, and the photodiode receives the optical receive signal from a direction normal to the circuit board. The above-referenced optics in the transceiver module can include a first lens that collimates the optical transmit signal emitted by the laser and a second lens that focuses the optical receive signal upon the photodiode. A mirror or similar reflective element in the transceiver module can redirect the signals emitted by the laser and received by the photodiode at 90-degree angles with respect to the circuit board. Connector systems have been suggested that include both an optical signal path and an electrical signal path. When the plug connector of such a system is plugged into the socket or receptacle connector of such a system, optical signals can be communicated in parallel with electrical signals between the plug and socket connectors. It has been suggested to provide such a connector system in a configuration similar to a Universal Serial Bus (USB) configuration.	{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }
"After eight months of waiting, he walked towards me for the first time two days ago," Moser's wife, Wynonna, 48, told PEOPLE backstage at Dancing with the Stars on Monday, adding that fellow contestant Lisa Vanderpump was one of the first people to walk with him. "It's been an emotional ride for me this week." Of Moser's prosthetic leg, the country star said, "It freaked me out because I've seen him in a wheelchair and using a walker, and he just walked towards me and I was like, 'Wow.' I was so stunned. I saw the wreck, I saw him lose the leg." Wynonna has nothing but praise for the fellow musician. "He's so positive," she said. "I call him Mr. Happy-Go-Lucky. It's really irritating, because sometimes I just want to complain or act tired about dancing, and he'll say, 'But you're moving and you're looking so great.' I'm like, 'Go talk to Tony. You guys are so alike.' " Although on Monday the judges panned her and partner Tony Dovolani's prom-themed samba that put them in last place for the night, Wynonna still feels positive. "I look out in the audience and I see all this love," she said. "I feel so grateful tonight. I'll go home with that in mind."	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Wonju Stadium Wonju Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Wonju, South Korea. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium has a capacity of 20,000 people and was opened in 1980. External links Wonju Sports Facilities Management Center Category:Sports venues in Gangwon Province, South Korea Category:Football venues in South Korea Category:Gangwon FC Category:Ulsan Hyundai FC Category:Multi-purpose stadiums in South Korea Category:Sports venues completed in 1980 Category:K League 1 stadiums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Q: dynamic nested object loop js here is a json object i want to loop through: { node: 'tree', text: 'Main Node', childs:[ { node: 'tree', text: 'First Child', childs:[{ node: 'tree', text: 'first child child' }....] },{ node: 'tree', text: '2nd Child', childs:[{ node: 'tree', text: '2nd child child' }...] }...] } here is the first type of json. but the problem is that json is dynamic and the child element vary depend upon different conditions. so i want to loop through the json and add leaf: true to the end of the last nested element. here is what is want: { node: 'tree', text: 'Main Node', childs:[ { node: 'tree', text: 'First Child', childs:[{ node: 'tree', text: 'first child child', leaf: true // i want to add this node to every last one }] },{ node: 'tree', text: '2nd Child', childs:[{ node: 'tree', text: '2nd child child', leaf: true }] }] } A: You can do it with a recursive function: let objt = { node: 'tree', text: 'Main Node', childs: [ { node: 'tree', text: 'First Child', childs: [{ node: 'tree', text: 'Main Node' }] }, { node: 'tree', text: '2nd Child', childs: [{ node: 'tree', text: '2nd child child' }] }] }; function setLeaf(objt) { if (!objt.childs) { objt.leaf = true; } else { objt.childs.forEach(child => setLeaf(child)) } } setLeaf(objt);	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
PT cruiser. Put me on the waiting list. I’m hoping for sometime this summer (but before school lets out would be even better so my students can stop bugging me about it along with the rest of my family). He doesn’t want to do it near any holiday because he wants it to be it’s own special day for us. This kind of ticks me off because there’s pretty much a holiday each month! I told him that I don’t care if we get engaged on the national anniversary of the invention of toilet paper for crying out loud! I just want to marry his stubborn butt! That may sound wacky but he remembers EVERYTHING (which drives me a bit nuts at times). Before anyone comments about anything weird about this relationship you should know that we are opposites that compliment each other, my son adores him, my family adores him (and is eagerly anticipating the ring add much as I am), and his family adores me (but tastefully nonverbal about the future). His friends that have seen him through many bad relationships in the past say that they’ve never seen him happier since we’ve been together and my friends say the same. What can I say but I have found that special someone that I want to annoy for the rest of my life! 😜 serotonin: yeah – the first few trips plan the route ahead and think through what any turns are like and check out a cycling map if it’s an area you wouldn’t usually walk. Junctions are often not designed very safely for bikes and it’s good to know in advance of you should just get off and walk across a really steep or weirdly organized turn. Happy biking once there are no surpises though 🙂 Peppermint14: I feel horrible for disappearing off the face of the earth. Life decided to punch me in the face all at once. Everything is fine and I’m ok. Thank you everyone for asking, I’m currently working on the list for tomorrow	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Search This Blog Subscribe to this blog Follow by Email ~~~ COVER REVEAL~~~ Hit the Spot by J. Daniels Is this love or just a game? Tori Rivera thinks Jamie McCade is rude, arrogant, and worst of all . . . the sexiest man she's ever laid eyes on. His reputation as a player is almost as legendary as his surfing skills. No matter how her body heats up when he's around, she's determined not to be another meaningless hookup. Jamie McCade always gets what he wants. The sickest wave. The hottest women. And Tori, with her long legs and smart mouth, is definitely the hottest one. He knows Tori wants him-hell, most women do-but she won't admit it. After months of chasing and one unforgettable kiss, it's time for Jamie to raise the stakes. Jamie promises that soon Tori won't just want him in her bed, she'll be begging for it-and he might be right. Somehow he's found the spot in her heart that makes her open up like never before. But with all she knows about his past, can she really trust what's happening between them? Is Jamie playing for keeps or just playing to win? This book can be read as a stand-alone. Book 1--Four Letter Word EXCERPT “Bek came in to meet Brody for dinner.” Oh shit. I know where this is going. “She said you had a meltdown and missed lunch.” “Meltdown is a strong word...” I hesitate. “I had several rapid moments of clarity.” There. That sounds better. I get up off him and walk into the kitchen. I've already pulled a bottle of water from the fridge and uncapped it when he joins me. “Sweetheart, what's bothering you?” His voice is so soft and tender that it's hard not to make eye contact. “Talk to me, Noelle.” “Everything hit me, okay?” I say quietly, looking at his legs and leaning against the kitchen table. “The wedding. The fact that it means I'm totally stuck with you forever. Seeing you with Casey and realizing that's next and you'd be perfect and that I'm not really an adult, I'm just pretending because I don't know if I'm ready for any of this super grown-up stuff and I'm stressed and I can't eat and I'm so tired of the fighting and stressing and being overwhelmed all the time.” “Look at me, Noelle.” I don't. He grabs my face and forces it up, meaning I have nowhere to look other than at his firm, blue gaze. “I'm fucking terrified of marrying you.” My lips are dry. “You are?” My voice cracks halfway through are. “Yeah.” Drake's mouth twitches to the side. “I've never been so terrified of anything in my life. It's scary, Noelle. It's stressful, and I wonder every day if your crazy family is going to make you throw your hands in the air and say, 'Fuck it. I'm done with this wedding.' I hate your being so worked up over all this when it's supposed to be fun. I'm scared you're going to change your mind because you're trying to do so much and I have no idea how to help you or make it better.” “I'm not changing my—” “Shh.” He presses his thumb to my mouth, still holding my face. “You are stressed. You're overwhelmed. You're working hard and not taking downtime. And as for seeing me with Casey... Well, I guess we had to have this conversation sooner or later.” I gently move his thumb from my mouth. “I don't even know if you want kids, Drake.” “Of course you do.” He's really smiling now. “I've told you before I do. I want nothing more than a family with you. My family is fucked up in the worst way, and yours is in the best way. I figure we can find the balance there.” “It doesn't scare you?” “Sure it does. But we have time.” Tori froze a foot away, blinking at me. She didn’t speak. If she had a reason for coming in here, it looked like that reason just left her. She seemed lost. “Legs,” I probed, when she kept with the staring and not speaking routine. “Mm?” “What are you doin’ in here, babe?” I had no fucking idea what was going on, but unless Tori wanted to watch some chick grind all over me, she needed to get what she came for and step out. She wet her lips. I watched her neck work with a swallow. “You showed me your dick,” she stated. I felt my mouth twitch. Fuck yeah. Breathing a laugh, I relaxed back onto the bench, arms spread behind me and hands gripping the black leather cushion. I tipped my head to the side. “See that impression is stickin’,” I said. “What’s that got to do with this?” “You showed me your dick after I flashed you. That was your move.” “Yeah.” I nodded. What the fuck was she getting at? Tori smiled. Her sin-colored lips stretching slow. “This is mine,” she said, lifting her shoulders as if this shit she was declaring wasn’t a big deal, which it sure as fuck was. This is hers…Oh, fuck me. Fuck. Me. Tori moved closer. Whatever smirk I was wearing pulled from my mouth. That pressure built again, in my chest and lower. I shifted on the bench. “Legs,” I warned, my voice vibrating in my throat as I watched her walk toward me. “What’d I say about takin’ this shit places you can handle? Did you think this through?” I was willing to bet she didn’t. If she had and knew how this could play out, with her bent over and me buried deep, she wouldn’t be back here. “Shh.” Tori stopped in front of my knees. “If we talk, I won’t go through with this,” she admitted, sounding anxious. “And I doubt you’d be chattin’ up the girl who was supposed to be in here, so quit it. Just sit there. Shut up. And keep your hands to yourself.” “You know what you’re doin’?” I asked, looking up at her. “’Cause in this room I’m allowed to touch, babe. Rules are out there.” I tipped my chin at the door, keeping her gaze. “Not in here. In here, I’m participatin’. You don’t like that deal, you better quit now and think of another move, ’cause the second you start takin’ shit off, Legs, I’m on you.” “Then I guess I don’t need to worry,” Tori shot back, speaking with confidence and smiling again. The fuck did that mean? My brow tightened. “Say again?” “I don’t need to worry ’cause I’m not taking anything off, meaning you won’t be on me. I’m just dancing.” I stared at her for a beat. Then a laugh rumbled in my chest as I thought about how fucked she was. “What?” she asked, tilting her head all cute. “This is a really good move.” “Know it is. Not laughing ’cause of that.” “Then why are you laughing?” She brought her hands to her hips and studied me, looking on the verge of an attitude. Her eyes narrowed. “If you think I need to take my clothes off to win this bet, then you are mistaken, Jamie McCade. I know how you feel about me in this uniform. This is gonna kill you.” “Legs, hate to tell you this, but you’re wrong, babe. You gotta worry.” “And why’s that?” I dropped my arms and sat forward, elbows resting on my thighs. “You start dancin’ on me and I’m touching you,” I promised, watching her blink. “You start dancin’ anywhere in this room and I’m touching you. You don’t gotta strip, babe. I just threw that out there ’cause that’s where I thought this was headed. Telling me you’re makin’ a move and you’re makin’ it in a strip club, figured you’d be taking shit off, but honest to God, it don’t matter. Like I said before, rules are out there. Not in here. Only way I’m keeping my hands to myself is if I’m fuckin’ dead.” “These are my rules,” Tori countered, bending down to get closer. “And unless you want me to holler out for my new friend with the gold tooth who looks like he eats narcissistic assholes for breakfast, I suggest you follow them, Jamie.” I chuckled, knowing who she was talking about. Dude made sure I was clear on a few things before letting me back in here. Something I wasn’t sharing with Legs. “And what are these rules, babe?” I asked. She straightened and snapped, “I already told you. Sit there and shut up.” Tori put her hand on my shoulder and shoved, pushing me back until I was pressing against the bench again. Then keeping her grip there, she swung her knee up, braced it on the leather, and lowered herself onto my lap, lifting her other knee and boxing me in with it. I pulled in breath through my nose and curled my hands into fists on the cushion. “And the touching?” I asked, voice strained as I stared at the shape of her tits. They grew closer as she leaned forward, her hands shifting to hold on behind me, and my gaze snapped up to meet hers when her face got an inch away. “Beg for it,” she whispered. My eyes flickered wider. Hers brightened with impending victory. No shit. Tori was gonna let me touch, but I had to call it. I had to let her win. I had to fucking beg. Jesus. Why’d she have to be so good at this shit? I steadied my gaze, telling her as my head tilted back, “Think I’ll just enjoy the ride.” J.Daniels is the New York Times and USA Today bestselling author of the Sweet Addiction series, the Alabama Summer series, and the Dirty Deeds series. She would rather bake than cook, she listens to music entirely too loud, and loves writing stories her children will never read. Her husband and children are her greatest loves, with cupcakes coming in at a close second. J grew up in Baltimore and resides in Maryland with her family. Sign up to receive her newsletter and get special offers and exclusive release info: http://authorjdaniels.com/newsletter/Twitter \| Instagram \| Website \| Facebook \| Amazon Author Page \|Goodreads \| Reader’s Group Ashes to ashes. Dust to dust. And all that fucking shit. I had killed. I had sacrificed. The innocent and the corrupt. I knew blood and I knew violence. Never imagining I could know love too. Mia Ryder was a woman to love. To cherish. To fucking claim. Now, forever, and every day in between. If there was anyone I’d go to Hell and back for, it was her. Even if meant, going to war with… My fucking brother. “Don’t fuck with me, Noah. I gotta enough fuckin’ bullshit to deal with. Don’t need your shit, too.” “Tell me, Creed… she’s yours right?” he questioned, narrowing his eyes at me. “Then what’s her favorite color?” I jerked back like he had hit me. Knowing exactly where he was going with this. “Time’s up. It’s pink. How about her middle name? Don’t remember?” he mocked, cocking his head to the side. “They wanted to name her Savannah after h… BlurbYou’ve heard the rumors. Yes, they’re all true. The women…the bank account…the really big… Okay, I’m getting ahead of myself. I’m just saying, there’s a reason some call me Mr. Big. But none of it will matter to her. I’ve known her since we were kids. And she’s just as off limits now as she was then. She’s my best friend’s little sister and when he asked me to give her the grand tour, he did not mean of my bedroom. So Mr. Big has to stay under wraps… One problem, she’s the only woman I’ve ever truly loved. But with the secret I’m keeping, she’ll never love me back. Cover Design by Cassy Roop at Pink Ink DesignsPhotography by Wander Aguiar PhotographyModels: Jamie Walker and Tiffany MarieBlurb Cooper Cruz knows what it means to be surrounded and bound by family. Loyalty, brotherhood, and protection are all learned, earned, and respected by him and the Ravage Motorcycle Club family he grew up in. At the same, he’s a man, having fun and living the life he has always envisioned, until a trip to Florida changes everything. Bristyl Daniels knows what it means to be smothered and bound by family. Bonds run deep with her father and all the members of the Sinister Sons Motorcycle Club she has grown up in. But now she’s all woman and wishes the…	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
What a pity that David Foster Wallace is not alive today. The American novelist, formerly a junior tennis prodigy in Illinois, was once the leading chronicler of Roger Federer’s greatness. It was Foster Wallace who described Federer’s forehand as “a great liquid whip” and the man himself as “a creature whose body is both flesh and, somehow, light”. He rolled up a salvo of epigrams into a classic New York Times essay: “Roger Federer as Religious Experience.” Had he lived, Foster Wallace might have reached an even higher plane of ecstasy today. At the age of 35 years and 11 months, Federer is about to play his 11th Wimbledon final. And over the first two-thirds of the 2017 tennis season, he has delivered the greatest tennis of his career. If you don’t believe me, just ask Magnus Norman, the man widely seen as the world’s leading coach. At Queen’s last month, Norman told Telegraph Sport “For sure, Roger and Rafa [Nadal] are playing better now than they were ten years ago. They play closer to the baseline and they move much better, much faster. That’s the evolution of the game.” Few Wimbledon finals have been as imbalanced as this one in terms of popular interest and support. Marin Cilic is perhaps less of an underdog than Cedric Pioline, the little-known Frenchman who mounted a doomed attempt to overcome Pete Sampras in 1997. But only just. Pete Sampras after defeating France's Cedric Pioline in 1997 credit: AP With respect to Cilic – who is both a fine player and a charming man – he is still only Croatia’s second-most-famous tennis player after his own former coach, Goran Ivanisevic. Yes, he might have gone on David Letterman’s show after lifting the US Open title in 2014 – a victory that Ivanisevic described as “fresh blood, fresh air for tennis”. But he has not inspired the Nobel Prize-winning author, J M Coetzee, to write to his fellow novelist Paul Auster, saying, “I have just seen something like the human ideal made visible.” Men of letters usually consider sport to be beneath their notice. Yet Federer’s artistry takes him into a different sphere, where he is as likely to be compared to Mikhail Baryshnikov as to Rod Laver. The same artistic flair also makes him overwhelmingly popular with the everyday tennis fan. To quote Ivanisevic again, when you play against Federer, “you are also playing 20,000 people”. View more! However Sunday’s match progresses, one suspects that Wimbledon 2017 will be remembered not for dodgy grass, nor for rows over sexist scheduling, but for what happens to Federer. Either he becomes the first man to win an eighth Wimbledon title, overcoming the record he now shares with Sampras and the 19th century gentleman amateur William Renshaw. Or he falls at the last, showing an unexpected hint of mortality on the same Centre Court that turned him into a sporting deity in the first place. For today’s ticket-holders, it is a win-win situation. If Federer wins, there will be a party in SW19, no matter how easily the job is done. If he is to be beaten, then Cilic will have to produce one of those note-perfect attacking performances – think not only of his own dash to the title in New York three years ago, but also of Stan Wawrinka’s win over Novak Djokovic in the 2015 French Open final – that leave scorch-marks on the court. Roger Federer celebrates after winning against Czech Republic's Tomas Berdych credit: GETTY IMAGES The one thing we can discount is any sort of Federer freeze. Retired tennis champions say that big points become harder to play as you get older. No matter how hard you try to block it out, you know in the back of your mind that you might never get another chance. You grip the racket handle as if it were a lifebuoy when you should be cradling it like a baby. Yet Federer, made of different stuff in so many ways, seems immune to such flickers of self-consciousness. Is he too focused on creating art? Or just constitutionally immune to self-doubt? Either way, he has played his whole career with the cavalier instincts of Marshal Foch, the French general whose response to a setback was to roar, “Situation excellent. I will attack.” View more! Rather like Nadal’s frictionless progress through last month’s French Open, Federer has yet to drop a set. On Friday, when faced with the thunderous strokeplay of the heavy-thewed Tomas Berdych, he looked disappointed even to commit the occasional error, throwing a mini-tantrum when one of his backhand slices caromed off the frame. The only time he has played with nerves all fortnight was during his second-round match against Dusan Lajovic – because “I didn’t know my opponent very well”. Otherwise, he has been building with each round towards some as-yet unguessed peak. Should it arrive today, then Cilic – like Berdych in the previous round – could be reduced to the status of an accomplice or sidekick, providing the set-ups for Federer’s punchlines. It is to Cilic’s advantage that he has beaten Federer before at a grand slam, in the 2014 US Open semi-final. Yet there might also be scarring from last year’s quarter-final here, where he held three match points for a four-set win. “Marin lost that game, rather than Roger winning it,” said Ivanisevic earlier this week, “because he did not get one return in on the match points. Roger is like someone from a film. You have to kill him about 77 times to win.” The thought might not be as elegantly expressed as a Foster Wallace essay. But it captures the magnitude of Cilic’s task today.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Q: Can main() and its parameters have attributes? In standard C++, can the main function and its parameters have attributes? For example, is this following legal? [[noreturn]] int main() { std::abort(); } or something like [[nodiscard, carries_dependency]] int main(int argc [[maybe_unused]], char * argv [[carries_dependency, maybe_unused]] []) { /* ... function body omitted ... */ } A: Yes, it is legal. There is no wording in the C++ standard (in [basic.start.main], [dcl.attr], or elsewhere) to prevent any of this. One can even mark main() as [[deprecated]] if wanted.	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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