id int32 4 15.2k | answer int32 0 3 | text stringlengths 44 1.3k | type stringclasses 27
values | question stringlengths 15 228 | options listlengths 4 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5,024 | 1 | The scientific community recently discovered a alpha anthropomorphic virus that can live in beta amoeba. beta amoeba parasitic by the virus releases a stimulus in the mammal that causes the animal's respiratory system to react violently and in severe cases, causes breathing difficulties. Alpha anthropomorphic virus can... | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following can be inferred? | [
"It is not possible to find a Y stimulus in a normally breathing mammal.",
"In mammals, amoebas cause a violent reaction in the respiratory system.",
"Amoebas do not produce the irritants that cause respiratory distress in mammals in the absence of the parasitoid alpha virus.",
"If a mammal is infected with a... |
7,458 | 2 | Filial consumption: refers to the consumption of children or younger generations to express their care for their parents or elders. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options are not considered filial consumption? | [
"Zhao took out the money in his grandfather's passbook and bought life insurance for his grandfather. Grandpa was very happy",
"Liu unwraps the hiring of a nanny for her grandmother who is over 80 years old, and pays the nanny 1400 yuan a month",
"On teacher's Day, classmate Xiao Gu specially went to the flower... |
5,044 | 3 | In the past 12 months, the sales volume of new energy electric vehicles in a city has increased significantly. Along with it, there are more and more reports on new energy electric vehicles in TV, Internet and other media. Therefore, some electric vehicle sellers believe that the increase in the sales volume of new ene... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings, if true, weakens the view of the electric vehicle seller most? | [
"Many people who report on new energy electric vehicles are environmentalists who like to publicize electric vehicles",
"Some consumers buy new energy electric vehicles because of the low winning rate of traditional car lottery",
"Individual consumers buy new energy electric vehicles because they can get govern... |
12,723 | 2 | Geneticist: Ethicists have fears, many of them reasonable, about the prospect of cloning human beings, that is, producing exact genetic duplicates. But the horror-movie image of a wealthy person creating an army of exact duplicates is completely unrealistic. Clones must be raised and educated, a long-term process that ... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The claim that cloning will not produce adults with identical personalities plays which one of the following roles in the geneticist's argument? | [
"It is evidence that genetic clones will never be produced successfully.",
"It is evidence for the claim that wealthy people might use genetic duplicates of themselves as sources of compatible organs for transplantation.",
"It is a reason for discounting one possible fear concerning the cloning of human beings.... |
8,075 | 3 | In the past 20 years, one of the important advances in the study of life in the deep earth has been the discovery of the oceanic crust biosphere. The volume of the oceanic crust is huge, which is about five times the total volume of the global marine sediments. The scale of microorganisms inhabiting here is huge and ca... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | This is the beginning of an article, which of the followings is most likely to be introduced by this article? | [
"Discovery process and significance of submarine crust biosphere",
"Distribution characteristics of global marine sediments on the seafloor",
"Effects of seafloor landform weathering on microbial survival",
"Deep microbes in the lower oceanic Ccrust and their survival strategies"
] |
7,940 | 0 | The remains of animals and plants that lived in or near water are the easiest to preserve, for rapid burial is necessary for their preservation, and can be done quickly, among other things, in the oceans, rivers, and even lakes, where mud has been continuously deposited. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following supports this view? | [
"The remains of animals and plants are easily preserved in oceans, rivers and even lakes where silt accumulates",
"Only the remains of plants and animals that lived in or near water can be preserved",
"The silted oceans, rivers and even lakes are the best places to preserve the remains of plants and animals",
... |
13,940 | 1 | The purpose of a general theory of art is to explain every aesthetic feature that is found in any of the arts. Premodern general theories of art, however, focused primarily on painting and sculpture. Every premodern general theory of art, even those that succeed as theories of painting and sculpture, fails to explain s... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following? | [
"A general theory of art that explains every aesthetic feature of music will achieve its purpose.",
"No premodern general theory of art achieves its purpose unless music is not art.",
"No premodern general theory of art explains any aesthetic features of music that are not shared with painting and sculpture.",
... |
4,546 | 1 | Five years ago, after a reindeer died of anthrax infection, its body was preserved in the frozen soil near the Arctic circle. Not long ago, a boy died of anthrax infection. Some scientists speculate that global warming began to melt the permafrost in the Arctic Circle, and anthrax bacteria made a comeback. At the same ... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings, if true, is most helpful for scientists? | [
"Permafrost is the ideal place for bacteria to keep alive for a long time, which may last up to a million years",
"Humans have always coexisted with bacteria and viruses, such as the black death and smallpox, and humans have evolved genes to fight them",
"Global warming makes countries in the northern hemispher... |
3,630 | 0 | Children who can play are more adaptable to social interactions and mentally healthier. On the contrary, many children who are introverted, withdrawn, and even have behavioral problems such as communication difficulties, most of them lack play with their peers when they are young. If a child has poor communication skil... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following can be derived from this? | [
"Only by giving the child enough time to play can the child's mental development be healthy",
"As long as the child has enough time to play, the child's heart can develop healthily",
"Children with mental defects are all because they did not get enough time to play when they were young",
"As long as children ... |
14,595 | 3 | Scientists have long thought that omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil tend to lower blood cholesterol and strongly suspected that a diet that includes a modest amount of fish would provide substantial health benefits. Now these views have acquired strong support from a recent study showing that middleaged people who eat fi... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument? | [
"The test subjects in the recent study who ate fish twice a week did not have a diet that was otherwise conducive to the development of heart disease.",
"The test subjects in the recent study who ate fish twice a week were no more likely than those who did not to have sedentary occupations.",
"The test subjects... |
11,530 | 3 | Astronaut: Any moon, by definition, orbits some planet in a solar system. So, the moons in solar system S4 all orbit the planet Alpha. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True} | The astronaut's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed? | [
"There is at least one moon that orbits Alpha.",
"Every moon in S4 orbits the same planet.",
"Every planet in S4 is orbited by more than one moon",
"Alpha is the only planet in S4."
] |
3,202 | 3 | The equal right to employment means that citizens enjoy the right to equal employment opportunities regardless of their nationality, race, gender, religious belief and family background. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of the following does not violate the equal right of employment? | [
"Xiao Liu, a female college student with a bachelor's degree, was dismissed because she was a woman in several applications.",
"During the recruitment of a company, it is clearly stipulated that the relatives of the employees of the company have priority over other candidates.",
"Xiao Li's father is a leader of... |
13,213 | 0 | Laurel: Modem moral theories must be jettisoned, or at least greatly reworked, because they fail to provide guidance in extreme cases, which are precisely the times when people most need guidance. Miriam: A moral theory, like an overcoat, can be quite useful even if it is not useful in every possible situation. Being u... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True} | Laurel's and Miriam's statements provide the most support for the claim that they disagree about whether | [
"a moral theory's adequacy depends on its ability to provide guidance in extreme cases",
"a moral theory developed in the light of extreme cases is unlikely to provide adequate guidance in more usual cases",
"it is preferable to develop a moral theory that provides solutions to all the moral dilemmas that could... |
13,822 | 1 | The percentage of people between the ages of 18 and 24 living with their parents increased from 48 percent in 1980 to 53 percent in 1986. It can be concluded that in 1986 it was harder for people in this age group to afford to live by themselves. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The conclusion drawn in the passage above depends on which of the following assumptions? | [
"People in this age group who lived with their parents did not make any financial contribution toward housing expenses.",
"People in this age group who could not afford to live by themselves preferred living with their parents.",
"There are people in this age group who although they lied with their parents at t... |
7,066 | 3 | As for actor certification, we are most familiar with the title of first-class actor, and one of the main criteria for the selection of first-class actor is that he has made outstanding contributions to the prosperity of China's literary and artistic undertakings, which is also vague. In addition, according to relevant... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | This paragraph mainly emphasizes that: | [
"The criteria for evaluating actors should be clear and feasible",
"Actor certification is not a measure of ability",
"The evaluation of actors should focus on their works rather than their professional titles",
"Practical problems in current actor certification"
] |
9,024 | 2 | The bidding policy of the municipal government for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction is that the lowest bidder can win the bid. Some people think that if this policy is implemented, some successful bidders will cut corners and cause poor quality of the project. This will not only lead to the consequences of a... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options, if true, would most strongly weaken the above argument? | [
"The need to rebuild damaged buildings can provide many jobs for the city's residents.",
"The city's construction contracts rarely specify the quality of building materials and the requirements of employees.",
"The policy also includes that only construction companies with bids that meet stringent quality stand... |
10,339 | 3 | The cost of making in China has been rising in recent years, and the cost of making in China is close to that of the United States, according to data from the Boston Consulting Group of the United States. Based on the United States (100), the manufacturing index in China is 96, that is, the same product costs $1 to be ... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | If which of the following statements is true, it can best explain the above seemingly contradictory phenomena? | [
"The price level in most parts of China is lower than that in the United States",
"Due to rising labor costs in China, some manufacturing industries have begun to transfer some factories to India or Southeast Asian countries",
"The profit margin of China's manufacturing industry is generally low",
"In recent ... |
13,310 | 0 | Columnist: Analysts argue that as baby boomers reach the age of 50, they will begin seriously planning for retirement. This will lead them to switch from being primarily consumers to being savers. Thus, these analysts conclude, more money will flow into the stock market, resulting in continued gains in stock prices. An... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The columnist's argument does which one of the following? | [
"attempts to undermine the analysts' argument by drawing an alternative conclusion from the analysts' premises",
"attempts to undermine the analysts' argument by suggesting that the analysts present it for self-serving reasons",
"attempts to undermine the analysts' argument by questioning the truth of its premi... |
8,886 | 0 | As an educational cause, universities belong to non-economic industries, and their output is difficult to be measured by monetary instructions and physical indicators, so the ranking of universities is not as easy as that of enterprises.The ranking of universities must also be based on a mature market economic system a... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options does not constitute a rebuttal to the above argument? | [
"The ranking of universities has a great impact on the reputation of universities and the registration of students.",
"There is not such a close relationship between the ranking of universities and the mature market economic system.",
"The ranking of enterprises is not easy, and it is not accurate. It has only ... |
11,764 | 3 | No one who works at Leila' s Electronics has received both a poor performance evaluation and a raise. Lester has not received a raise, so it must be that he has received a poor performance evaluation. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The flawed reasoning in the argument above is most similar to the reasoning in which one of the following arguments? | [
"Anyone who lives in a house but does not own it pays rent on it. My next-door neighbors do not own their house. Ttherefore, it must be that they pay rent on it.",
"No one who lives in a house both owns it and pays rent on it. So, since my next-door neighbors pay rent on their house, it must be that they do not o... |
10,827 | 0 | Having an efficient, appealing store layout makes good economic sense. So, the grocery store needs to purchase new shelving systems, since the grocery store should always do what makes the best economic sense. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed? | [
"There is not some other improvement that makes more economic sense for the grocery store than does investing in a new shelving system.",
"New shelving is required in order for the grocery store to have a floor plan that is efficient and appealing.",
"The grocery store can afford to purchase the new shelving th... |
9,785 | 0 | Skepticism is a rhetorical method formed by flexible use of selective questions, which asks questions side by side with two or more questions, but does not require the reader to choose one of them, but makes the reader question. When the language is coherent, all doubts will be dispelled. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of the following uses skeptical rhetoric? | [
"How heavy is the water, how heavy is the mountain? The water surrounds the mountains and surrounds the city of Guilin... Is it a mountain city, is it a water city? All in green mountains and green waters...",
"Which star has no light? Which flower has no fragrance? Sea, when was there no clear sound of your wave... |
3,699 | 3 | Allelopathy refers to the direct or indirect effect of plants on other plants by releasing chemicals into the environment. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of the following does not conform to allelopathy? | [
"During the intercropping of wheat and soybean, the nitrogen absorption capacity of wheat was improved",
"Terpenoids produced by shrubs inhibit the germination of herbaceous seeds",
"The locust tree will volatilize toxic substances into the air, making the survival rate of weeds around the tree very low",
"Th... |
3,282 | 1 | Only those with good logical thinking ability and physics major background can be qualified for this position. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | If the above statement is true, which of the following can't be true? | [
"Doctor Of physics Xiao Zhao is qualified for this post",
"Xiao Li, who had never studied physics, was qualified for the post",
"Xiao Liu has a background in physics, but he is not competent for this post",
"Xiao Sun is not competent for this post, but his logical thinking ability is recognized by everyone"
] |
9,988 | 3 | Five graduate students majoring in linguistics in the liberal arts college of a university in 2014, Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao and Liu, were hired by one of the three employers Tianshu, Tianji and Tianxuan, and each unit hired at least one of them. It is known that: (1) Li was hired by Tianshu; (2) Li and Zhao were not empl... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings must be wrong if Liu is hired by Tianxuan? | [
"Tianxuan hired three people",
"The unit that hired Li only hired him",
"Wang was hired by Tianxuan",
"Zhang was hired by Tianxuan"
] |
4,718 | 3 | No more punishment for one matter means that the administrative organ shall not impose more than two fines on the same illegal act of the party concerned. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of the following is no more punishment for one matter? | [
"A was fined 300 yuan for drunk driving in Section A, and 500 yuan for continuing driving in section B.",
"A Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau fined enterprise a 10,000 yuan for illegal sewage discharge. A few days later, the Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce ordered it to suspend busines... |
8,438 | 3 | A team from a foreign university studied 102 different kinds of venomous snakes, investigated their venom, food and habitat, and found that snakes living in a three-dimensional environment such as trees or water are less toxic than snakes in a two-dimensional environment (that is, ground). The researchers speculate tha... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings, if true, is the most likely to question the researchers' conjecture? | [
"The venom secreted by different poisonous snakes varies greatly in toxicity",
"Animals in a three-dimensional environment are more flexible and more difficult to capture than those in a two-dimensional environment",
"The venom secreted by the same poisonous snake in different seasons has different toxic compon... |
4,483 | 2 | A food package indicates that this food can be eaten safely because it does not contain preservatives and artificial colors. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings is most likely assumed for the contents indicated on the food package? | [
"Some foods contain preservatives and artificial colors",
"Safe food must be free of preservatives and artificial colors",
"Food without preservatives and artificial colors must be safe food",
"The producers of these foods have grasped the psychological needs of consumers"
] |
3,205 | 3 | In the 1960s, the University of California at Berkeley conducted a series of experiments on the cognitive ability of mice. In the experiment, one group of mice were placed in a cage filled with various toys, wheels and tunnels, while the other group grew up in an empty cage. The experimental results showed that the bra... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following, if true, best strengthens the researcher's inference? | [
"In the experiment, the food nutrition of the former group of mice was richer.",
"After the experiment, the exercise ability of the latter group of mice was stronger.",
"Later, the average life span of the two groups of mice was similar.",
"Before the experiment, there was little individual difference between... |
4,606 | 2 | However, there are many criticisms and even attacks on the use of tests; the use of tests sometimes even brings undesirable consequences. The reason for this is that the test itself is not perfect, just like many things in the world are not perfect. , It is more that people misunderstand and misuse quizzes just like we... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | So which of the following is correct? | [
"We should cancel the test",
"Using tests enables us to solve all the problems in life",
"We should continue to improve the test and guide people to correctly understand and use the test",
"Tests are optional"
] |
8,960 | 0 | This summer, extreme high temperatures and droughts hit nearly one million square kilometers in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, including Chongqing and Sichuan. Some people posted online that the construction of the three Gorges Reservoir has led to high temperatures and droughts in the region, and i... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | If the followings is true, which of the followings can not question the above point of view? | [
"The hot and dry weather encountered in Chongqing and Sichuan this year is the worst in 50 years in terms of the scope and duration of the impact",
"The simulation study shows that the range of influence of water area change on climate in the three Gorges Reservoir area is about 20 km",
"This year, the high wat... |
1,448 | 0 | The communication power of news public opinion is to effectively spread a news content to the target of receiving within a specified time. News loses its value and becomes old news. In the age of paper media, the means of communication rely on printing to express and the physical movement of printed matter to form comm... | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is described in words? | [
"In the Internet era, science and technology media personnel should meet the new requirements of communication power",
"Nowadays, the public has higher and higher requirements for the communication power of news and public opinion",
"The Internet era requires a higher transmission force to match it",
"The spe... |
14,160 | 2 | It is a principle of economics that a nation can experience economic growth only when consumer confidence is balanced with a small amount of consumer skepticism. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following is an application of the economic principle above? | [
"Any nation in which consumer confidence is balanced with a small amount of consumer skepticism will experience economic growth.",
"Any nation in which the prevailing attitude of consumers is not skepticism will experience economic growth.",
"Any nation in which the prevailing attitude of consumers is exclusive... |
14,291 | 0 | Reptiles are air-breathing vertebrates with completely ossified skeletons; so alligators must be air-breathing vertebrates with completely ossified skeletons. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | In terms of its logical features, the argument above most resembles which one of the following? | [
"Green plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen back into the air; so it follows that grass takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen into the air.",
"Some red butterflies are poisonous to birds that prey on them; so this particular red butterfly is poisonous to birds that prey on it.",
"Dierdre has s... |
12,614 | 1 | Various studies have concluded that song overlapping, the phenomenon where one bird begins a song while another of its species is singing, is a signal of aggression. These studies are based solely on receiver-response tests, which seek to derive conclusions about the intent of a signal based on how others respond to it... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following most logically completes the argument? | [
"receiver-response tests can provide no insight into bird behavior",
"the conclusion of these studies is unconvincing",
"song overlapping is likely not a signal of aggression",
"birds do not respond in a predictable manner to signals of aggression"
] |
9,397 | 1 | In recent years, the traffic situation in a certain place has deteriorated day by day, and the relevant departments held a meeting to discuss related issues before the investigation. Some people suggested that large trucks should be banned from passing between 6: 00 a.m. to 9: 00 a.m. and 5: 00 p.m. to 8: 00 p.m., whic... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options, if true, best supports the above assertion? | [
"Under normal circumstances, the speed of large trucks is relatively fast.",
"Large trucks are the main vehicles in this area during these two periods of time.",
"The body of large trucks is relatively wide, while the roads in this area are relatively narrow.",
"Drivers of large trucks pay less attention to t... |
14,015 | 1 | Conservationists have established land reserves to preserve the last remaining habitat for certain species whose survival depends on the existence of such habitat. A grove of trees in Mexico that provide habitat for North American monarch butterflies in winter is a typical example of such a land reserve. If global warm... | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | If the statements above are true, they provide the most support for which one of the following? | [
"Monarch butterflies will succeed in adapting to climatic change by shortening their migration.",
"If global warming occurs as predicted, the conservation land reserves will cease to serve their purpose.",
"If global warming occurs rapidly, species of plants and animals now protected in conservation land reserv... |
6,633 | 0 | In British education, children are expected to respect not only family and friends, but also love and responsibility for all life. It is the nature of children to love small animals. To cherish and cherish small animals as the entry point and hand over to children to cherish life is a common way adopted by kindergarten... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following refers to the main content of the discussion? | [
"Respect for life can convey rationality and warmth",
"Caring for life can start from caring for small animals",
"Life education depends on the cooperation of family and society",
"Ways and means of life education"
] |
3,323 | 2 | According to medical records, the global incidence of cancer in the second half of the 20th century than the first half of the increase of nearly 10 times, become a threat to human life of the first killer. This shows that the global ecological imbalance caused by the rapid economic development marked by high technolog... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The following items, if true, can weaken the above argument, except? | [
"The average life span of human beings was about 30 years old at the beginning of the 20th century, 40 years old in the middle of the 20th century, and about 65 years old at present. The average life span of developed countries with high incidence of cancer generally exceeds 70 years old",
"In the first half of t... |
4,842 | 0 | Due to the convenience of online dating and more choices, many people are keen to find their partner through dating websites. However, opponents believe that the future of this relationship will be more variable, so online dating is not advisable. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options best supports the opposition's views? | [
"The less time and energy an individual invests in the process of emotional choice, the lower the stability of his emotion",
"According to statistics, the success rate of meeting and getting married by introducing acquaintances to each other is the highest",
"When choosing more, individuals tend to simplify the... |
8,145 | 1 | In recent years, the traffic situation in a certain place has deteriorated day by day, and the relevant departments held a meeting to discuss related issues before the investigation. Some people suggested that large trucks should be banned from passing between 6: 00 a.m. to 9: 00 a.m. and 5: 00 p.m. to 8: 00 p.m., whic... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options, if true, best supports the above assertion? | [
"Under normal circumstances, the speed of large trucks is relatively fast.",
"Large trucks are the main vehicles in this area during these two periods of time.",
"The body of large trucks is relatively wide, while the roads in this area are relatively narrow.",
"Drivers of large trucks pay less attention to t... |
9,936 | 3 | In the recruitment examination for the open selection of deputy section chiefs in a certain department, a total of 7 people signed up, including A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. According to statistics, the highest academic qualifications of the seven people are bachelor's degree and doctor's degree respectively. Among them, t... | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above statement, which of the followings can be inferred? | [
"An is a male doctor.",
"F is a female doctor.",
"G is not a male doctor.",
"D is a female doctor."
] |
11,272 | 1 | Attorneys for a criminal defendant charged that the government, in a cover-up, had destroyed evidence that would have supported the defendant in a case. The government replied that there is no evidence that would even tend to support the defendant in the case. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following is the most accurate evaluation of the government' s reply? | [
"If true, it effectively disproves the charge made on behalf of the defendant.",
"It leaves open the question of whether the government had destroyed such evidence.",
"It shows that the attorneys did not know whether their charge was true.",
"It demonstrates the government's failure to search for evidence in ... |
2,409 | 0 | The students of a certain class take part in CET-6. With regard to the results of the examination, there are the following guesses: A: all the people have passed. B: the monitor failed. C: someone must have failed. D: not all the people failed. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | If only one of the above guesses is false, which of the following options is true? | [
"A guessed wrong and the monitor failed.",
"B guessed wrong and the monitor passed.",
"C guessed wrong, but the monitor passed.",
"D guessed wrong and the monitor failed."
] |
933 | 2 | Generally speaking, there are two types of statements about the world. The first is an empirical statement, which is just a true statement about what the world is like. The second is a normative statement, which is about what the world should look like. Expressions usually contain value judgments, that is, judgments ab... | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of the following judgments is correct? | [
"It is wrong to increase the exchange rate to reduce inflation is an empirical statement",
"Government legislation is correct to prohibit smoking in public places is an empirical statement",
"The sharing of gasoline tax is too unfair for drivers is a normative statement",
"If the government raises the wine ta... |
6,394 | 2 | Public shaming of students, as a cold and punitive experience, develops students' feelings of inferiority, hatred and even social aggression, and impinges on self-esteem, trust and a sense of belonging. A public humiliation is a trample on human dignity, and repeated humiliation experience will lead to the loss of pers... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following misinterpretations of the material? | [
"Public shaming can be very damaging to young minds",
"The recognition and appreciation of self and the dignity of others will highlight the most important values of human society",
"Students have the tendency of inferiority, hatred and even social aggression, and will turn to crime",
"Repeated public humilia... |
10,983 | 0 | Architect: Obviously, a dirty stone building is less attractive than a clean one. But the process of cleaning stone buildings with water drives the water deep into the stone, eventually causing irreparable damage. Dirt also damages stone buildings, but less than water does. So I am afraid stone buildings must remain di... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True} | The engineer responds to the architect by doing which one of the following? | [
"adducing facts selected to show that the architect's conclusion is false",
"disputing the accuracy of the evidence that the architect cites in support of the conclusion",
"using the evidence cited by the architect to draw an alternative conclusion",
"showing that the architect's argument is internally incons... |
2,938 | 0 | Professor Zhang pointed out that biofuels refer to fuel ethanol or biodiesel produced from biological resources. They can replace gasoline and diesel made from petroleum and are an important direction for the development and utilization of renewable energy. Affected by the shortage of oil resources in the world, enviro... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is most likely to be the presupposition of professor Zhang's argument? | [
"The development of biofuels can effectively reduce human consumption of fossil fuels such as petroleum",
"The development of biofuels will reduce the food supply, and millions of people in the world today have no food to eat",
"Biodiesel and fuel ethanol are appropriate supplements to the energy supply system ... |
13,470 | 3 | Government-subsidized insurance available to homeowners makes it feasible for anyone to build a house on a section of coastline regularly struck by hurricanes. Each major storm causes billions of dollars worth of damage in such coastal areas, after which owners who have insurance are able to collect an amount of money ... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The passage provides the most support for an argument against a government bill proposing | [
"that power companies be required to bury power lines in areas of the coastline regularly struck by hurricanes",
"an increase in funding of weather service programs that provide a hurricane watch and warning system for coastal areas",
"establishment of an agency committed to managing coastal lands in ecological... |
3,298 | 3 | In my opinion, as a strict aesthetic proposition, the statement Small is beautiful is untenable. For example, classical poets like to chant small bridges and flowing water, small mouths like cherries, but there are many people take the opposite hobby, to praise the bridge across the sea or Sophia Loren mouth. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options can be inferred? | [
"There is no absolute big, and there is no absolute small",
"Small is beautiful is incorrect",
"There is no absolute beauty, and there is no absolute ugliness",
"Large and small, which form is beautiful, belong to radish and cabbage, each has his own love"
] |
4,323 | 3 | Designated agency refers to the agency performed by the agent in accordance with the designation of the people's court or a designated agency. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is a designated agent? | [
"Company A grants buyer B to company C to sign a TV sales contract",
"Partners A, B, and C grant each other agency rights in accordance with the agreement, and each partner has the right to sign or perform contracts on behalf of other partners",
"On behalf of his 10-year-old son, A filed an infringement lawsuit... |
1,767 | 0 | When a person is out of your sight for only a few seconds, you give him a comment, but not when you look him in the eye. A wise man must value his back more than his face. This back is a statue of himself. The sculpture is operated by others, and the materials and scales are completely supplied by ourselves. We don't w... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is the best heading for this paragraph? | [
"Watch your back",
"The back is more important than the front",
"People leave their names and ask questions",
"Figure is a person's virtue and reputation"
] |
4,592 | 3 | Handwriting, in a broad sense, is the use of various tools to write on a certain interface with the traces of text specification restrictions. In a narrow sense, it refers to the writing with text specification restrictions left on paper by the writer in a natural state traces. Because the writer's personality and psyc... | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following, if true, can best supports the above speculation? | [
"The degree of continuous strokes and stroke structure of different handwritings are different",
"In modern times, many advanced theories and instruments have been used for handwriting identification",
"According to the survey, many companies now include handwriting analysis when recruiting employees",
"Writi... |
2,233 | 0 | After reading a large number of biographies of poets in the Tang Dynasty, I found that most of the poets before the Mid-Tang Dynasty were arrogant. Du Fu was supposed to be a warm and careful person, but he boasted unequivocally: when I was young, I had already served as a guest to visit the king's capital. However, as... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the context, which of the following options is the author's arrogant attitude towards Li du's poems? | [
"It's not surprising",
"Appreciate very much",
"A little bit of a word",
"Both commendatory and derogatory"
] |
13,189 | 1 | Louise McBride, a homeowner, filed a complaint against a nearby nightclub through the Licensing Bureau, a government agency. Although regulations clearly state that Form 283 is to be used for formal complaints, Bureau staff gave McBride Form 5, which she used with the intention of filing a formal complaint. The nightcl... | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the judgment that dismissing the complaint would be unfair? | [
"A government agency should not make its procedures so complex that even the agency's employees cannot understand the procedures.",
"It is unfair for someone's complaint to be dismissed because of an incorrect action on the part of a government agency.",
"People who wish to file complaints through the Licensing... |
4,320 | 1 | Personal relationship is a social relationship that is inseparable from the body and takes personal interests as the content and does not directly reflect property interests. Personal relationships include personality relationships and identity relationships. Personal relationships are social relationships based on per... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the definition, which of the following is an identity relationship? | [
"The donation relationship formed by Li donating the TV to Zhang",
"The father-son relationship formed by Wang's adoption of Li",
"Mr. Zhao has the right to sign Mist and frost collection because he created Mist and frost collection",
"Based on his friend's loyalty, Shen loaned Liang a million yuan free of ch... |
9,368 | 3 | Fair use refers to the non-commercial use of others' published works without the permission or payment of remuneration to the copyright owner under the circumstances expressly stipulated by law. Circumstances expressly prescribed by law mainly include :(1) using a published work of others for personal study, research o... | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings is fair use according to the above provisions? | [
"A sang an unpublished song by Wu at the class party",
"B translates an English work into Mongolian for publication",
"Company C takes sculptures of public squares and makes them into pictures for distribution",
"Ding copied geng's paper published in a journal for reference in writing his paper"
] |
9,463 | 2 | The gray rhino growing on the African savannah has a huge body, giving people the illusion of being slow and safe and harmless, so they often ignore the existence of danger-when the gray rhino is provoked and attacked, it will show amazing Explosive force, the probability of stopping it is close to zero, and eventually... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above text, which of the following statements is correct? | [
"Both black swan and grey rhino events are serious and unpreventable crisis events",
"As opposed to grey rhino, black swan refers to a small probability event that is not very destructive",
"Behind many black swan events is the grey rhino crisis",
"There is no obvious difference between grey rhino and black s... |
10,883 | 2 | Consumers planning to buy recreational equipment tend to buy higher quality, more expensive equipment when the economy is strong than when it is weak. Hill and Dale is a business that sells high-quality, expensive camping and hiking equipment in Boravia. Although all the signs are that Boravia' s economy is now enterin... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following, if true, would provide the strongest justification for the managers' judgment? | [
"The economic upturn is likely to allow Boravia's national parks, where most of the camping and hiking is done, to receive extra funding to improve their visitor facilities.",
"Advances in materials technology have led to the development of hiking and camping equipment that is more comfortable and lightweight tha... |
12,330 | 3 | Patrick usually provides child care for six children. Parents leave their children at Patrick' s house in the morning and pick them up after work. At the end of each workweek, the parents pay Patrick at an hourly rate for the child care provided that week. The weekly income Patrick receives is usually adequate but not ... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following plans, if put into effect, has the best prospect of making Patrick's weekly income both uniform and adequate? | [
"Increase the hourly rate to a level that would provide adequate income even in a week when half of the children Patrick usually cares for are absent.",
"Hire a full-time helper and invest in facilities for providing child care to sick children.",
"Increase the number of hours made available for child care each... |
9,775 | 1 | China is one of the countries with the highest degree of agricultural openness in the world. with the deepening of opening up to the outside world, the domestic market and the international market will be further integrated, and the degree of agricultural openness will be further improved. In the future, we will face c... | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings is the main content of this text? | [
"The market competitiveness of domestic agricultural products needs to be improved",
"We must speed up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development in China",
"We should be cautious to continue to improve the degree of agricultural openness",
"It is urgent to solve the development dilemma of dom... |
811 | 2 | Artistic intuition is that people directly feel and comprehend the characteristics, essence, and meaning of things in artistic activities without logical reasoning and analysis. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of the following options is artistic intuition? | [
"A skilled worker suddenly discovered a reasonable method of operation during a technical operation.",
"A certain singer has found his own singing style and performance style after many performances.",
"A tourist suddenly realized the unique connotation of Picasso's paintings.",
"An art connoisseur discovered... |
1,450 | 3 | The Silk Road is the name given by the German geographer Richthofen to the silk trade route between China and Central Asia, south and west, and India during the Han Dynasty. However, with the deepening of academic research and the progress of archaeological excavations, the Meaning of the Silk Road has become wider and... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is mainly introduced in the text? | [
"The Silk Road was the intersection of eastern and western civilizations",
"New archaeological discoveries have broadened the scope of the Silk Road",
"The Silk Road facilitated trade between countries along the route",
"The meaning and scope of the Silk Road are constantly changing"
] |
33 | 2 | After Golden Lens Award for Documentary Film, the Yellow River of Studio A won the Best Documentary Award, the Wuyi Mountain of Studio B won the Best Photography Award, and the Nanhai Sea of Studio C won the Best Music Award. The directors of the three studios are invited to the school to share their experience. In the... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | If the above statements are true, which of the following is correct? | [
"The director of Studio A is surnamed Nan, the director of Studio B is surnamed Wu, and the director of Studio C is surnamed Huang",
"The director of Studio A is surnamed Huang, the director of Studio B is surnamed Wu, and the director of Studio C is surnamed Nan",
"The director of Studio A is surnamed Nan, the... |
2,211 | 3 | It is necessary to pay attention to avoid the hollowing out of the industry in the development of the service industry. However, it is wrong and dangerous to think that the rapid development of modern service industry in China's economic growth must lead to industrial hollowing out. Holding this view in practical work ... | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options is the main emphasis in this passage? | [
"The rapid development of modern service industry can not lead to industrial hollowing out",
"How to objectively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the rapid development of modern service industry",
"Whether it will lead to industrial hollowing out depends on the rise and fall of the manufacturing ind... |
11,053 | 2 | Principle: A government should reduce taxes on imports if doing so would financially benefit many consumers in its domestic economy. There is a notable exception, however: it should never reduce import taxes if one or more of its domestic industries would be significantly harmed by the added competition. Conclusion: Th... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following is a statement from which the conclusion can be properly drawn using the principle? | [
"The domestic textile industry faces significant competition in many of its export markets.",
"Reducing taxes on textile imports would financially benefit some consumers in the domestic economy but would not benefit the domestic textile industry.",
"The added competition produced by any reduction of taxes on im... |
673 | 1 | Cultural shock: refers to the process in which weak ethnic groups or individuals accept assimilation in the dominant culture. Due to the great differences between the new culture and the mother culture, people are faced with the pressure of major adjustment and adaptation, which is prone to confusion, tension, anxiety,... | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings belongs to culture shock () | [
"Company sent Xiao Zhang to study abroad for one year. When he returned home, he thought of the benefits and convenience of abroad as soon as he encountered setbacks in his life and work, and became depressed and depressed",
"A scholar found that most female Turkish immigrants feel nervous. In addition to disease... |
7,530 | 2 | Xiao Fang and Xiao Lian are good friends, as are Da Gang and Da Yong, but the four are not familiar with each other. In an orgnaization sodality, small fang, small lotus and big gang, big yong met, small fang can call the name of big gang, but big gang can not call the name of small fang. Those who can call dagang's na... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Based on the above information, which of the following can be concluded? | [
"Xiao Lian can call Dagang by name",
"Dagang can call Xiao Lian by name",
"Xiao Fang can call big yong's name",
"Big yong can call xiao Fang's name"
] |
1,696 | 0 | Emotional education means that the educational attitude and behavior of educators must cause positive emotional reactions in the hearts of teenagers. It has no fixed pattern and includes almost all means of education, including rigor, discipline and even punishment. Not exactly equivalent to the education of love, but ... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is the main argument supported? | [
"It is a kind of education with the emotional infection of the educator as the main form.",
"It is the main way of family education.",
"It is a kind of education for young people, but there is no fixed model.",
"is a combination of strict and love."
] |
8,541 | 2 | The orange-bellied prairie vole practices monogamy, which is extremely rare in the animal world. The researchers first examined the communication between the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in female voles (the two regions are anatomically connected, and the nucleus accumbens plays a key role in the brai... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings, if true, can best support the views of the above researchers? | [
"After the first sexual intercourse, the intensity of communication between the two brain regions of the orange-bellied prairie voles was directly related to the speed of hugging after sex",
"Previous studies have found that love-related chemicals, whether dopamine or oxytocin, can more or less activate the rewar... |
12,891 | 2 | Political theorist: Newly enacted laws need a period of immunity during which they can be repealed only if circumstances are dire. This is because the short-term consequences of any statutory change are likely to be painful, since people are not accustomed to it, while its longterm benefits are initially obscure, becau... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the political theorist's argument? | [
"The short-term consequences of a law's repeal should be considered more carefully than the short-term consequences of its passage.",
"Whether a law should be retained is independent of what the voters think its consequences will be.",
"Whether a law should be retained depends primarily on the long-term consequ... |
11,458 | 3 | Until recently it was thought that ink used before the sixteenth century did not contain titanium. However, a new type of analysis detected titanium in the ink of the famous Bible printed by Johannes Gutenberg and in that of another fifteenth-century Bible known as B-36, though not in the ink of any of numerous other f... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The reasoning in the passage is vulnerable to criticism on the ground that | [
"it is unreasonable to suppose that determination of the date and location of a document's printing or drawing can be made solely on the basis of the presence or absence of a single element in the ink used in the document",
"if the technology that makes it possible to detect titanium in printing ink has only rece... |
8,026 | 0 | Before the 1960s, countries all over the world generally paid attention to the engineering measures of flood control, that is, to control the flood through the construction of levees, reservoirs and other water conservancy facilities. However, after the 1960s, countries all over the world have paid more and more attent... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options is mainly discussed in this paragraph? | [
"The transfer of the concept of flood control in countries all over the world.",
"New ways of flood control in countries all over the world.",
"Simply paying attention to flood control projects can not effectively control floods.",
"Non-engineering measures gradually become the dominant factor in flood contro... |
4,589 | 0 | The art bank,in the international context, usually refers to the government providing financial support or policy guarantees,allowing non-official cultural and art institutions to purchase works of outstanding artists,and then subletting or reselling the works to government agencies,enterprises,and private individuals ... | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to the art bank? | [
"Bank A: Buy certain products and rent them out to earn the rent difference",
"Bank B: Allow customers to use art as collateral when lending to customers",
"Bank C: Produced and issued virtual financial products with artworks as physical assets",
"Bank D: Can temporarily store the collector's artwork and be r... |
9,569 | 1 | The twin towers effect refers to the phenomenon that two powerful neighboring economies unite and make use of their respective ability to gather radiation to jointly promote the development of the surrounding region. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings belongs to the twin towers effect? | [
"Centering on the requirements of accurately locating the consumer population and building a characteristic commercial body, a certain city has promoted the misplaced competition in the commercial layout by taking the famous business district in the urban area as the axis, and built different functional areas such ... |
15,128 | 1 | Gaby: In school, children should be allowed fully to follow their own interests, supported by experienced teachers who offer minimal guidance. This enables them to be most successful in their adult lives. Logan: I disagree. Schoolchildren should acquire the fundamental knowledge necessary for future success, and they l... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Gaby's and Logan's comments provide most support for the claim that they disagree about | [
"the sort of school environment that most fosters children's creativity",
"the extent to which teachers should direct schoolchildren's education",
"the extent to which schoolchildren are interested in fundamental academic subjects",
"the importance of having qualified teachers involved in schoolchildren's edu... |
8,717 | 2 | With the help of DNA preserved in animal fossils and specimens, and using increasingly advanced cloning and genetic technology, humans have been able to revive some long-extinct animals, such as mammoths, dodos, dinosaurs and so on. At the same time, there is also a big discussion in the scientific community about whet... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings, if true, can best refute the views of the above supporters? | [
"If we invest a lot of time, energy and cost to revive the vanished creatures, it is bound to contain and weaken the protection of the existing endangered animals, and the loss outweighs the gain",
"Just cloning an individual of an extinct animal does not mean that human beings have the ability to resurrect the w... |
11,337 | 3 | A study was designed to establish what effect, if any, the long-term operation of offshore oil rigs had on animal life on the bottom of the sea. The study compared the sea-bottom communities near rigs with those located in control sites several miles from any rig and found no significant differences. The researchers co... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the researchers' conclusion? | [
"Commercially important fish depend on sea- bottom animals for much of their food, so a drop in catches of those fish would be evidence of damage to sea-bottom communities.",
"Only part of any oil discharged into the ocean reaches the ocean floor: some oil evaporates, and some remains in the water as suspended dr... |
3,101 | 2 | Generalization refers to a logical error in applying inductive reasoning to draw a conclusion only based on the investigation of a few non typical objects, or even ignoring the existence of counterexamples, and treat this conclusion as a reliable conclusion. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following inferences does not involve generalization? | [
"According to the fact that several businessmen such as Zhang, Wang and Li have evaded taxes, someone comes to the conclusion that no businessman does not evade taxes.",
"A, B and C used to be very poor. After joining the MLM organization, they soon got rid of poverty and built a new house. Therefore, MLM can mak... |
8,628 | 1 | Ripple effect refers to the different psychological states of people in different areas in an emergency. The closer they are to the center of the crisis, the higher their risk perception and negative emotions will be. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of the following qualifies as a ripple effect? | [
"The air outside the typhoon rotates violently, while the wind flow in the center is relatively weak. Therefore, the negative emotions of victims are gradually increased from the eye of the storm area",
"The risk perception, mental health level and coping behavior of the people in the severely affected areas were... |
2,638 | 1 | Only those who have passed the identity authentication are allowed to access the company's intranet. If there is no good performance, it is impossible to pass the identity authentication. Zhang Hui has a good performance while Wang Wei does not have a good performance. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True} | If the above assertion is true, which of the following must be true? | [
"Allow Zhang Hui to access the company's intranet",
"Wang Wei is not allowed to access the company's intranet",
"Zhang Hui passed identity authentication",
"If you have a good performance, you are allowed to go on the company's intranet"
] |
14,110 | 3 | A recent study of 10, 000 people who were involved in automobile accidents found that a low percentage of those driving large automobiles at the time of their accidents were injured, but a high percentage of those who were driving small automobiles at the time of their accidents were injured. Thus, one is less likely t... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? | [
"Most people who own small cars also drive large cars on occasion.",
"Only a small percentage of those people involved in an automobile accident are injured as a result.",
"Half of the study participants drove mediumsized cars at the time of their accidents.",
"A large automobile is far more likely to be invo... |
2,301 | 1 | Multinational enterprises overseas marketing system compared with the book marketing system, has the very big difference, some of the more effective marketing strategy in the domestic market may not be suitable for overseas markets, if slightly from the domestic market marketing, then it is likely that they will in the... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | If all of the above statements are true, which of the following statements must also be true? | [
"All multinational enterprises that focus on long-term development and have relatively perfect strategic management system are successful multinational enterprises",
"Some multinational enterprises that focus on long-term development and have relatively complete strategic management system are those that have not... |
8,790 | 3 | This year, some countries in the world, especially the United States and Japan, attributed their domestic economic downtrun to China's fixed exchange rate system of RMB and US dollars. This leads to the dumping of cheap goods into their countries, which puts pressure on some domestic enterprises. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options agrees with the above view? | [
"Japan's economic recession has lasted for more than ten years. At that time, China's commodity exports were very small and the RMB was very weak",
"The economic recession in the United States is mainly caused by the collapse of the myth of the network economy, and the 9/11 terrorist attacks exacerbated the reces... |
14,684 | 1 | Farmer: Worldwide, just three grain crops-rice, wheat, and corn-account for most human caloric intake. To maintain this level of caloric intake and also keep pace with global population growth, yields per acre from each of these crops will have to increase at least 1. 5 percent every year, given that the supply of cult... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is an assumption on which the farmers argument depends? | [
"Increasing the yields per acre of rice, wheat, and corn is more important than increasing the yields per acre of other crops",
"Increasing government funding for research into new ways to improve the yields per acre of rice, wheat, and corn crops would help to increase total worldwide annual production of food f... |
4,321 | 3 | Civil juristic acts refer to the legal acts of citizens or legal persons to establish, modify, and terminate civil rights and civil obligations, including civil juristic acts with a time limit and civil juristic acts with conditions. The conditions attached to a civil juristic act are agreed by the actor to occur in th... | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of the following are conditional civil legal acts? | [
"A and B have a grievance. In order to retaliate, A privately negotiated with C and promised that if C hurts B, he will give C 500 yuan",
"A said to B, If the sun rises from the west, I will give you a house",
"A and B agree that B must withdraw the money 20 days after the conclusion of the contract",
"A said... |
13,226 | 1 | Helen: Reading a book is the intellectual equivalent of investing money: you' re investing time, thereby foregoing other ways of spending that time, in the hope that what you learn will later afford you more opportunities than you' d get by spending the time doing something other than reading that book. Randi: But that... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following most accurately describes the technique Randi uses in responding to Helen's claims? | [
"questioning how the evidence Helen uses for a claim was gathered",
"disputing the scope of Helen's analogy by presenting another analogy",
"denying the relevance of an example presented by Helen",
"arguing that Helen's reasoning ultimately leads to an absurd conclusion"
] |
12,977 | 0 | Among North American school-age children, there is a strong positive correlation between obesity and the amount of television watched. Ttherefore, with the arrival of interactive television, obesity among North American school-age children will increase. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The argument requires the assumption that | [
"North American school-age children will increase their television viewing with the arrival of interactive television",
"a sedentary lifestyle is among the most important causes of childhood obesity",
"genetics makes no significant contribution to obesity",
"obesity among North American school-age children in... |
1,577 | 0 | As the companion of oil, the generation conditions of natural gas are more diversified than that of oil. Oil can be generated in large quantities only when it reaches a certain burial depth, while natural gas can be generated from shallow to deep.Shallow ones may be only a few hundred meters deep and tens of thousands ... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options can not be known from this paragraph? | [
"Oil is buried deeper than natural gas",
"Oil is mostly converted from aquatic organisms",
"Oil and natural gas are transformed by various organisms",
"The organic matter of zooplankton and plants in the water is also the source of natural gas"
] |
4,731 | 2 | The genuine music discs produced by an audio-visual company sell for 50 yuan each, making a profit of 15 yuan. However, it is found that pirated products sell for only 20 yuan each. Therefore, if 100,000 pirated discs are sold, it will cause a loss of 1.5 million yuan to the audio-visual company. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | In order for the above argument to hold, which of the following must be assumed? | [
"Because the relevant government departments crack down on the sale of pirated discs according to law, many people have no pirated discs to buy.",
"Due to the different cover packaging, many consumers can easily identify genuine and pirated CDs.",
"If there are no pirated discs, the sales volume of genuine disc... |
773 | 1 | Recently, there has been severe smog in a certain place. Some parents are worried about the health of their children and they proposed to install air purifiers in schools, but some experts believe that schools may not be suitable for installing air purifiers. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the opinions of the above-mentioned experts' opinions? | [
"The noise of the air purifier may have an impact on children's learning.",
"The installation of air purifiers cannot completely replace indoor ventilation.",
"Suitable air purifiers have high power and will overload the grid.",
"There are a mix of air purifiers on the marke, and the qualities are uneven."
] |
11,519 | 0 | Last June, Endsville installed highway traffic cameras, in the hope that drivers along the highways would reduce their speeds. This June, the number of motorists caught speeding by the traffic cameras is nearly twice that caught last June. | {'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | All of the following, if true, can help account for the increase in motorists caught speeding by traffic cameras EXCEPT? | [
"Since the cameras are virtually hidden, many motorists remain oblivious to the fact that the city has installed traffic cameras.",
"Police, throughout the year, have been increasingly less likely to pull over speeding motorists, since each month more highways in Endsville are equipped with traffic cameras.",
"... |
11,177 | 1 | A philosophical paradox is a particularly baffling sort of argument. Your intuitions tell you that the conclusion of a philosophical paradox is false, but they also tell you that its conclusion follows logically from true premises. Solving a philosophical paradox requires accepting any one of three things: that its con... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True} | If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true? | [
"Philosophical paradoxes with one or two premises are more baffling than those with several premises.",
"Solving a philosophical paradox requires accepting something that intuitively seems to be incorrect.",
"The conclusion of a philosophical paradox cannot be false if all the paradox's premises are true.",
"... |
11,908 | 3 | In 1988, a significant percentage of seals in the Baltic Sea died from viral diseases; off the coast of Scotland, however, the death rate due to viral diseases was approximately half what it was for the Baltic seals. The Baltic seals had significantly higher levels of pollutants in their blood than did the Scottish sea... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following, if true, provides the most additional support for the argument? | [
"The kinds of pollutants found in the Baltic Sea are significantly different from those that have been detected in the waters off the coast of Scotland.",
"The strain of virus that killed Scottish seals overwhelms impaired immune systems much more quickly than it does healthy immune systems.",
"The large majori... |
11,930 | 3 | Arguing that there was no trade between Europe and East Asia in the early Middle Ages because there are no written records of such trade is like arguing that the yeti, an apelike creature supposedly existing in the Himalayas, does not exist because there have been no scientifically confirmed sightings. A verifiable sig... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following best expresses the point of the argument? | [
"The view that there was trade between Europe and East Asia in the early Middle Ages can only be disproved by showing that no references to this trade exist in surviving records.",
"In order to prove that in the early Middle Ages there was trade between Europe and East Asia it is necessary to find both Asian and ... |
3,313 | 1 | A trademark is a symbol of a commodity. It is a symbol with distinctive characteristics, composed of words, graphics or a combination of them, which is used by commodity producers or operators such as enterprises, institutions and individual industrial and commercial households in the production, creation, labor, selec... | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is trademark? | [
"Yili milk powder packaging decoration",
"He letters and graphics of the Mitsubishi logo",
"Hang Seng computer business slogan used in after-sales service",
"Trade mark"
] |
11,252 | 2 | During a press conference, Council Member Johns stated that the advisory council appointed by Mayor Smith has been one of the least effective in recent history. When asked to support that claim, Johns pointed out that most citizens could not name any member of the advisory council. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True} | The rationale given by Council Member Johns depends on the assumption that | [
"A member of the advisory council who is doing a bad job is just as likely to be familiar to the public as a member of the advisory council who is doing a good job.",
"Only council members are qualified to judge the quality of the advisory council's work.",
"The public's familiarity with the composition of the ... |
7,648 | 3 | Social generalization consciousness refers to people's more fixed and general views of a social group. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following belong to the concept of social generalization consciousness? | [
"A certain ethnic group believes that wolves are ferocious and greedy.",
"A tribe in Africa regards Sirius as its lucky star.",
"Many young people think that having a pet is the most caring.",
"Southerners think that northerners are not afraid of cold."
] |
1,925 | 3 | If it is in a static environment, although environmental protection will indeed increase the cost of enterprises in the short term, under the condition of dynamic competition, strict environmental protection can lead to innovation and offset the cost in the long run. This will not increase the cost of the enterprise, b... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options is intended to be explained in this passage? | [
"The influence of static environmental protection and dynamic environmental protection on enterprises is different.",
"The relationship between short-term environmental protection and enterprise development should be viewed dialectically.",
"We should increase the intensity of environmental protection and find ... |
9,401 | 1 | In a scientific experiment sponsored by an environmental protection group, researchers tested 250 bottles of plastic bottled water from several well-known brands in a country and found that only 17 bottles of water contained no plastic particles. Plastic particles may be toxic or non-toxic, but because of their small p... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options, if true, can best refute that person's point of view? | [
"The environmental group that sponsored the study is a green environmental organization that advocates green living.",
"The content of plastic particles in plastic bottled water during the shelf life is much lower than the safe standard of drinking water in various countries.",
"The high density of chemical pr... |
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