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12,795
| 1
|
Scientist: There is a lot of concern that human behavior may be responsible for large-scale climate change. But this should be seen as more of an opportunity than a problem. If human behavior is responsible for climate change, then we can control future climate change to make it less extreme than previous climate shifts.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True}
|
The scientist's argument requires assuming which one of the following?
|
[
"At least some previous large-scale climate changes have been caused by human behavior.",
"Human beings can control the aspects of their behavior that have an impact on climate change.",
"It is easier to identify the human behaviors that cause climate change than it is to change those behaviors.",
"The same degree of climate change produces less damage if it is caused by human behavior than if it has a purely natural cause."
] |
1,529
| 2
|
The principle of the so-called artificial sun is to add a small amount of hydrogen isotope deuterium or tritium into the vacuum chamber of the device, generate plasma through the principle similar to the transformer, and then increase its density and temperature to make it undergo fusion reaction, which will produce huge energy in the reaction process.
|
{'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Artificial sun is:
|
[
"A substance consisting of the isotope deuterium or tritium of hydrogen",
"A vacuum chamber",
"One device",
"A substance that produces great energy in the process of reaction"
] |
14,338
| 0
|
Prolonged exposure to sulfur fumes permanently damages one' s sense of smell. In one important study, 100 workers from sulfur-emitting factories and a control group of 100 workers from other occupations were asked to identify a variety of chemically reproduced scents, including those of foods, spices, and flowers. On average, the factory workers successfully identified 10 percent of the scents compared to 50 percent for the control group.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Each of the following, if true, weakens the argument EXCEPT:
|
[
"The chemicals used in the study closely but not perfectly reproduced the corresponding natural scents.",
"The subjects in the study were tested in the environments where they usually work.",
"Most members of the control group had participated in several earlier studies that involved the identification of scents.",
"Every sulfur-emitting factory with workers participating in the study also emits other noxious fumes."
] |
13,527
| 2
|
The Venetian Renaissance painter Vittore Carpaccio used sumptuous reds in most of his paintings. Since the recently discovered Venetian Renaissance painting Erato Declaiming contains notable sumptuous reds, it is probably by Carpaccio.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following contains a pattern of flawed reasoning most similar to that in the argument above?
|
[
"Since late-Renaissance paintings were mostly in oil, the Venetian late-Renaissance painter Arnoldi, whose works are now lost, probably painted in oil.",
"Most Renaissance painters worked in a single medium, either tempera or oil. Since the Renaissance painting Calypso's Bower is in oil, its painter probably always used oil.",
"The anonymous painting St. Sebastian is probably an early Florentine painting since it is in tempera, and most early Florentine paintings were in tempera.",
"Works of art in the Renaissance were mostly commissioned by patrons, so the Renaissance work The Dances of Terpsichore was probably commissioned by a patron."
] |
127
| 3
|
An animal protection organization in Country M is trying to change the long-standing perception of bats as a terrifying animal. The organization argues that bats are scary and upsetting just because they hide whenever they see people and only active at night.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following, if correct, will raise the most serious doubts about the accuracy of the organization's arguments?
|
[
"Bats gradually lost their natural habitats, such as caves and hollow trees, so they gradually went to more densely populated areas to find habitats",
"People know more about the behavior of other very terrifying animals such as lions, alligators and snakes than about the behavior of bats",
"In other areas outside of Country M, bats are also regarded as a terrifying animal",
"Raccoons and owls also avoid people whenever they see people, and they are only active at night, but generally they are not scary and upsetting"
] |
14,143
| 0
|
Bicycle safety expert: Bicycling on the left half of the road is much more likely to lead to collisions with automobiles than is bicycling on the right. After all, in three different studies of bicycle-automobile collisions, the bicyclist was riding on the left in 15, 17, and 25 percent of the cases, respectively. Skeptic: But in places where a comparatively high percentage of bicyclists used to ride on the left, there was surprisingly little decrease in collisions between bicyclists and automobiles after bicycling on the left was made illegal.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
One reason the strength of the bicycle safety expert's argument cannot be evaluated is that
|
[
"the statistics it cites do not include the percentage of bicycling that took place on the left",
"bicycling on the left is singled out for criticism without consideration of other bicycling practices that are unsafe",
"no statistics are provided on the proportion of bicycle accidents that are due to bicycle-automobile collisions",
"it does not distinguish between places in which bicycling on the left is legal and places in which it is illegal"
] |
70
| 1
|
The Long Tail Effect is a new theory that has emerged in the Internet age and was proposed by the American Chris Anderson. The Long Tail Effect believes that because of cost and efficiency factors, people can only pay attention to important people or things in the past. If we use normal distribution curve to depict these people or things, people can only pay attention to the head of the curve and ignore the people or things at the tail of the curve, which requires more effort and cost to notice
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following situations adopt the Long Tail Effect and pay attention to the tail?
|
[
"Although the economic power of the big hit is not as good as it was in the past, we still focus on it absolutely",
"Merchants believe that listeners have unlimited demand for non-popular music, and the market is extremely huge, and should be paid attention to",
"Manufacturers focus on those 20% mainstream products that 80% of customers bought, and focus on maintaining the 20% mainstream customers who buy 80% of their products.",
"When selling products, manufacturers pay attention to a few VIP customers, and have no time to take care of ordinary consumers who are the majority in number"
] |
1,846
| 2
|
The statue of the twelve bronze animal heads was originally on the 12 stone platform of the fan-shaped pool in front of Old Summer Palace Haiyan Hall. These portraits are animal heads, bronze heads, stone bodies and hollow fountains connected to water pipes. Every other hour, water is sprayed from the mouth on behalf of the life portrait of that time. At noon, the mouth of the zodiac animal gushes fountains at the same time, which is a spectacle. In the second Opium War, the Anglo-French coalition forces stole twelve bronze animal heads, resulting in the loss of these national treasures overseas for more than a hundred years.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to this passage, which of the following is the practical use of the twelve bronze animal heads?
|
[
"Adjust the humidity of garden air",
"A device for spraying water in a fan-shaped pool",
"It has the function of reporting time",
"The luxurious ornamental goods of the royal garden"
] |
13,113
| 0
|
Psychiatrist: Breaking any habit is difficult, especially when it involves an addictive substance. People who break a habit are more likely to be motivated by immediate concerns than by long-term ones. Ttherefore, people who succeed in breaking their addiction to smoking cigarettes are more likely to be motivated by the social pressure against smoking -- which is an immediate concern -- than by health concerns, since __.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True}
|
The conclusion of the psychiatrist's argument is most strongly supported if which one of the following completes the argument?
|
[
"for most people who successfully quit smoking, smoking does not create an immediate health concern at the time they quit",
"most people who succeed in quitting smoking succeed only after several attempts",
"a habit that involves an addictive substance is likely to pose a greater health threat than a habit that does not involve any addictive substance",
"some courses of action that exacerbate health concerns can also relieve social pressure"
] |
3,446
| 0
|
Several major power enterprises in country T recently jointly announced that they will give up domestic coal unless the price of domestic coal is reduced. The spokesman said that at present, the price of imported coal has been reduced to less than US $100 per ton, while the price of domestic coal remains high. However, people in the coal industry said that once the price of coal continues to decline, small and medium-sized coal mines will survive hard, The production power of large coal mining enterprises will also be seriously insufficient, and the whole domestic coal production industry will face a severe situation. After a period of time, people in the industry judged that the current domestic coal production enterprises have a severe situation.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The judgment of the industry must be based on which of the following facts?
|
[
"Domestic coal enterprises reduced coal production during this period",
"The price of domestic coal in the country has always been high",
"Domestic coal has no advantage in price competition with imported coal",
"Several major power enterprises in the country have not given up buying domestic coal"
] |
10,437
| 1
|
The vast majority of elite athletes have good psychological qualities, most of them have achieved good results in competitions, and all athletes who have achieved good results in competitions have trained hard.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following statements can be properly deduced from the statements above?
|
[
"Most athletes who train hard have good mental qualities.",
"Certain athletes with good mental qualities train hard.",
"All good athletes train hard.",
"Some athletes who do not have good mental qualities have achieved good results in competitions."
] |
9,902
| 1
|
Using the X-ray technology of the European Synchrotron radiation Accelerator, the researchers scanned a fossil of a true-footed snake hidden in an ancient rock dating back 9500 million years. It turns out that this snake is very similar to modern terrestrial lizards, which helps to unravel the mystery of the origin of snakes. The research report points out that the snake is 50 centimeters long. On the surface, it has only one foot, about 2 centimeters long. The other foot of the real foot snake was found by X-ray scanning. The reason why this foot is not easy to detect is that it was alienated in the rock, with only four bones in its ankle and no toes, indicating that the feet of true-footed snakes had deteriorated at that time.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the followings, if true, can best support the views of the above scholars?
|
[
"The true-footed snake lived at a time when snakes evolved from non-footed animal to legged lizards.",
"The true-footed snake lived at a time when snakes evolved from a legged animal to non-footed animal.",
"The true-footed snake lived at a time when snakes degenerated from non-footed animal to a legged lizard.",
"The age of this true-footed snake coincides with the period when snakes degenerated from a legged animal to a non-footed animal."
] |
5,223
| 3
|
Ultrabook, a very competitive new force in the notebook market, accounted for only 20 percent of mobile computer sales in 2011, down from an expected 30 percent. One supplier said sales of Ultrabooks had suffered in large part because there was too little demand in Europe. According to the survey, European consumers generally prefer laptops of 15 inches or more, with data showing that between 40% and 45% of all mobile computers sold in Europe are 15 inches, and ultrabook does not have such size at all.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is the premise of the supplier's conclusion?
|
[
"The manufacturer did not consider the usage habits of European consumers before production.",
"Ultrabook should have designed and produced 15-inch products.",
"The consumption habits of European consumers are similar to those of other regions.",
"The European market accounts for a large proportion of the global notebook market."
] |
13,141
| 2
|
Because state sanctions against hunting have been eased, Deersdale Preserve has experienced an influx of hunters in the last several months. During this time, the silvertail fox, a popular target for hunters, has seen a marked decrease in population. Ttherefore, to prevent the population of silvertail fox-an important apex predator responsible for keeping the Deersdale County's rabbit population in check-from falling even lower, the state should once again place strict sanctions against hunting.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following, if true, most strongly suggests that stricter sanctions against hunting would not have the desired effect?
|
[
"The silvertail fox had been experiencing a population surge shortly before the state sanctions against hunting were eased.",
"The number of hunters entering the park is expected to drop drastically in the next few months as hunting season comes to an end.",
"Many rabbits in the Deersdale Preserve recently have become carriers of a virus that destroys the livers of carnivorous animals.",
"The silvertail fox population varies greatly throughout the year, especially during winter when prey becomes scarce."
] |
7,868
| 0
|
Self-confidence refers to the positive and healthy personality quality and psychological characteristics of firmly believing in one's own ability and behavioral strength, based on a full understanding of social life and a full understanding of oneself, based on the scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and adhering to truth.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options is self-confidence?
|
[
"Xiao Ming's final exam results were good, but he was not satisfied. He found that many questions were deducted because of carelessness, so he thought that if he could be more careful, he would do better next time when he met papers with the same difficulty",
"Xiaoqiang's test scores are generally higher than those of Xiaojun at the same table, so Xiaoqiang thinks he is superior to Xiaojun in all aspects",
"Xiao Lei found that his classmate Xiao Wei's arm was thicker than his own, so he firmly believed that his strength must not be as great as Xiao Wei",
"Xiaotao's family is poor, his parents work outside all year round, and his grandparents are not strict with Xiaotao. Therefore, Xiaotao is naughty and grumpy in school and doesn't study hard. However, Xiaotao firmly believes that talents come from poor families since ancient times and believes that he will be outstanding in the future"
] |
11,975
| 3
|
Since it has become known that <b> several of a bank' s top executives have been buying shares in their own bank </b>, the bank' s depositors, who had been worried by rumors that the bank faced impending financial collapse, have been greatly relieved. They reason that, since top executives evidently have faith in the bank's financial soundness, those worrisome rumors must be false. Such reasoning might well be overoptimistic, however, since <b> corporate executives have been known to buy shares in their own company in a calculated attempt to dispel negative rumors about the company' s health </b>.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True}
|
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
|
[
"The first provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument; the second states that conclusion.",
"The first describes the circumstance that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second provides evidence in support of the explanation that the argument seeks to establish.",
"The first describes the circumstance that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second gives the explanation that the argument seeks to establish.",
"The first describes evidence that has been taken as supporting a conclusion; the second gives a reason for questioning that support."
] |
14,564
| 1
|
Editorial: The city has chosen a contractor to upgrade the heating systems in public buildings. Only 40 percent of the technicians employed by this contractor are certified by the Heating Technicians Association. So the city selected a contractor 60 percent of whose technicians are unqualified, which is an outrage.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument in the editorial?
|
[
"Qualified technicians installed the heating systems to be upgraded.",
"Technicians who lack certification are not qualified technicians.",
"The contractor hired by the city has personal ties to city officials.",
"There are no contractors with fewer than 40 percent of their technicians certified."
] |
309
| 2
|
The main purpose of professional education is to help college students master the basic knowledge of their respective professional fields as comprehensively as possible, while the purpose of general education is to help college students gain the meaning and value of life. Therefore, some experts pointed out that compared with professional education, general education has a greater impact on personal future life.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the followings, if true, best supports the expert's assertion?
|
[
"Value issues are related to human happiness and dignity, and are worth exploring and thinking about in general education.",
"Nowadays, there are far more professional education courses offered by universities in our country than general education courses.",
"If a person does not have professional knowledge, he may be able to live. If he has no value pursuit, he will be just a soulless body.",
"Without professional knowledge, it is difficult for people to cope with the challenges of future life. And incorrect value pursuits will mislead people's lives."
] |
856
| 0
|
Individual partnership refers to two or more citizens who provide capital, physical objects, technology, etc., operate in partnership, and work together in accordance with the agreement.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, which of the following belongs to individual partnership?
|
[
"Zhao and Qian made an verbal agreement to rent a storefront house in the downtown area to run a clothing store in partnership. Soon the owner Sun agreed to join the partnership at a discount of 20,000 yuan for the storefront house, but he did not participate in the operation, and only received 10% of the operating income every six months.",
"Both Wang and Sun sell boxed lunches in the same market. Later, a certain company asked to deliver boxed lunches regularly every day. Due to the large number and each person could not take orders independently, the two agreed to jointly take orders, and each person would bear the half of the total boxed lunches and take half income.",
"Chen needed a studio for creation, but suffered from financial constraints, and could only paint on the street. There was a person from the road Zhang who saw Chen's painter and planned to borrow his idle house as a studio for Chen's work. The rent would be reimbursed after the sale.",
"Liu and Zhu are the closest partners. Liu wants to run a beer business, but suffers from a lack of funds. Zhu generously lends 50,000 yuan to Liu, and Liu said that 50,000 yuan will be included in the company's shares and will be given to Zhu by the end of the year. But if the company loses money, Zhu will not bear any risk, and will be borne entirely by Liu. Zhu did not comment, saying that anything will do..."
] |
6,335
| 1
|
In recent years, with the production and processing of many crops using biological genetic technology, experts from various fields have expressed their opinions. Some are in favor, some are against, and most responsible scientists agree with a serious idea: the development of genetically modified foods is associated with long-term and real risks.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following statements is obviously inconsistent with the attitude of most responsible scientists?
|
[
"It cannot be said that it is safe and harmless because the genetic modification has not had any serious negative effects.",
"There is no serious problem with genetically modified plants, and there is no basis for considering its negative effects.",
"When there is no scientific arbitration, the government should not be required to tell everyone that a certain technology is safe.",
"The call for a worldwide suspension of field cultivation of genetic crops is completely justified."
] |
1,924
| 2
|
The creation of ci Fu in the Han Dynasty began with lyric Fu, and the representative works were Jia Yi's Diao qu Yuan Fu and Pengniao Fu, which became the mainstream in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In this regard, the Ci Fu of the Han Dynasty begins with lyric Fu and ends with Lyric Fu, and its track is to draw a circle. However, Jia Yi's lyric poems are all in the style of Sao, which obviously inherits the Chu Ci. The lyric Fu in the late Eastern Han Dynasty has both Sao style,prose style and four-character poetry style, which presents a diversified pattern in the style of works.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options has the correct understanding of this passage?
|
[
"The overall development track of Ci Fu in the Han Dynasty is a circle, which mainly inherits the style of Chu Ci.",
"Sao style, prose style and four-character poetic works together constitute the literary world of the Han Dynasty.",
"Lyric Fu was the mainstream of Ci Fu in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and all kinds of literary styles coexisted, showing a diversified pattern.",
"Jia Yi is a representative figure of lyric Fu in Han Dynasty and his works are romantic."
] |
13,862
| 1
|
Public policy dictates the health risks the public routinely takes. Statistical arguments about health risks are used primarily to deflect public fears, while contributing little to policy debate. For example, statistics are cited to imply that wearing a seat belt reduces one' s risk of death in an automobile accident, deflecting attention from the fact that a transportation policy that promotes increasing use of automobiles inherently increases any individual' s risk of death in an automobile accident.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The way the example functions above is most closely paralleled in which one of the following?
|
[
"Statistics indicate that the number of people dependent on alcohol far exceeds the number dependent on illegal addictive drugs; thus, any policy for the control and treatment of substance abuse should provide for treatment of alcoholism.",
"Statistics indicate that an individual's risk of contracting cancer from radiation emitted by a nuclear power plant is less than that of contracting cancer from sunshine. These statistics draw attention away from the fact that a policy of energy conservation is safer for human health than a policy based on nuclear energy.",
"Statistics indicate that the average life expectancy of males is shorter than that of females. When one accounts for the fact that females smoke less and are less likely to work in jobs in the chemical and manufacturing industries, the difference in life expectancy is narrowed.",
"Statistics indicate that an urban resident's risk of accidental death from any cause is no greater than that of an individual who lives in a suburban or rural area. These statistics counter the widely held public belief that urban areas are more dangerous than suburban or rural areas."
] |
6,945
| 2
|
In industrial enterprises, staff training is very important, from the point of view of development, it will become more and more important. With the rapid development of science and technology, production and manufacturing methods are undergoing rapid changes. Employees in enterprises are faced with the problem of improving their personal quality to adapt to this change.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is the content that this text is meant to emphasize?
|
[
"At present, enterprises do not attach great importance to the training of employees",
"The rapid development of science and technology promotes the continuous improvement and innovation of production and manufacturing technology",
"The training of staff and workers is very important and must be carried out all the time",
"With the development of science and technology, the quality of staff and workers in enterprises is constantly improving"
] |
14,479
| 2
|
Critic: The perennial image of the city on a hill associates elevated locations with elevated purposes. The city' s concert hall -- its newest civic building -- is located on a spectacular hilltop site. But because it is far from the center of the city, it cannot fulfill the purpose of a civic building. An example of a successful civic building is the art museum, which is situated in a densely populated downtown area. It encourages social cohesion and makes the city more alive.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The critic's reasoning most closely conforms to which one of the following principles?
|
[
"A civic building that is located in a downtown area should, if possible, be located on an elevated site.",
"A city needs to have civic buildings if it is to have social cohesion.",
"The purpose of a civic building is to encourage social cohesion and to make a city more alive. 8",
"The downtown area of a city should be designed in a way that complements the area's civic buildings."
] |
7,677
| 3
|
Corrupt people are intellectually challenged, and they fail to account for their financial, professional, and family finances, which leads to financial ruin, career failure, and social alienation. But the incorruptible person are all have the great wisdom, they hold the bottom line, although two sleeves pure wind, actually has won the life happiness and the consummation. A is a man of questionable intelligence, while B is a man of great wisdom.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following can be inferred?
|
[
"A is corrupt, B is incorruptible.",
"A is incorruptible, B is corrupt.",
"A is not corrupt, B is not incorruptible.",
"A is not incorruptible, B is not corrupt."
] |
15,154
| 0
|
Carl' s Coffee Emporium stocks only two decaffeinated coffees: French Roast and Mocha Java. Yusef only serves decaffeinated coffee, and the coffee he served after dinner last night was far too smooth and mellow to have been French Roast. So, if Yusef still gets all his coffee from Carl' s, what he served last night was Mocha Java.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The argument above is most similar in its logical structure to which one of the following?
|
[
"Werdix, Inc. , has offered Arno a choice between a job in sales and a job in research. Arno would like to work at Werdix but he would never take a job in sales when another job is available, so if he accepts one of these jobs, it will be the one in research.",
"Samuel wants to take three friends to the beach. His mother owns both a sedan and a convertible. The convertible holds four people so, although the sedan has a more powerful engine, if Samuel borrows a vehicle from his mother, he will borrow the convertible.",
"Rose can either take a two-week vacation in July or wait until October and take a three-week vacation. The trail she had planned to hike requires three weeks to complete but is closed by October, so if Rose takes a vacation, it will not be the one she had planned.",
"If Teresa does not fire her assistant, her staff will rebel and her department's efficiency will decline. Losing her assistant would also reduce its efficiency, so, if no alternative solution can be found, Teresa's department will become less efficient."
] |
7,191
| 2
|
With regard to the germination of capitalism in China, Mao Zedong wrote a paragraph in 1939, namely, the development of commodity economy in China's feudal society has bred the germination of capitalism; without the influence of foreign capitalism, China will develop slowly into a capitalist society. Most Chinese historians in the 1920s and 1930s believed that China had the factors of capitalist development before modern times.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the followings can be inferred from above?
|
[
"Mao Zedong invented the view that capitalism had sprouted in China's feudal period.",
"Capitalism has sprouted in the feudal period.",
"Mao Zedong did not invent this view, but adopted the common view of most historians.",
"Mao Zedong's views were recognized by most historians."
] |
3,851
| 1
|
A painter never dates his works, and the chronological order of his works has only begun to form an outline in the review literature. It must be wrong to locate the time of a self portrait of the painter as 1930. In 1930, the painter was 63 years old. However, the young, black haired man in the painting is obviously the painter himself, but it is not a 63 year old man.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following assumptions is the above conclusion based on?
|
[
"The artist painted several self-portraits of himself after the age of 60",
"At the age of 63, it is impossible for a painter to paint himself as he was when he was young",
"Long before the painter turned 60, he had never painted a self portrait with a date on it",
"By not putting a date on his work, the artist tries to set aside the time factor in his criticism of his work"
] |
15,189
| 0
|
Children in the first six standards of school who are publicly singled out for enthusiastic praise by their teachers show marked improvement in their schoolwork. But students in higher standards tend to react negatively to such praise, and their academic performance tends to decline as a result.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following most helps to explain the differing reactions described above?
|
[
"Older students believe that their teachers' praise will inspire the disapproval of their peers, to which they have a greater aversion than do younger students.",
"Younger children respond more to the tone of voice with which criticism is offered than to its explicit content.",
"Older students are more likely than younger students to believe that there are better indicators of their academic performance than the grades they earn in class.",
"Younger students are more concerned with public appearance than are older students."
] |
13,363
| 0
|
Gerald: Unless a consumer secures his or her home wireless Internet service, anyone strolling by is able to access that person' s service with certain laptop computers or smartphones. Such use cannot be considered illegal under current laws: it' s no more like trespassing than is enjoying music playing on someone' s radio as you walk down the street. Kendra: But unlike hearing music while walking by, accessing wireless service requires stopping for a considerable length of time. And that could be considered loitering or even harassment.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Gerald' s and Kendra's positions indicate that they disagree over whether accessing someone's wireless Internet service while walking down the street
|
[
"can be considered illegal under current law",
"is like trespassing",
"could be done without intending to do so",
"should be prohibited by law"
] |
7,072
| 1
|
Due to fierce competition for survival in the ecological zone, the number of old elephants is decreasing year by year and the survival rate of young elephants is increasing.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Following this trend, which of the following options will be inferred within two years?
|
[
"There will be fewer old elephants than young ones.",
"The proportion of young elephants will rise.",
"The proportion of young elephants will decrease.",
"The proportion of young elephants will increase."
] |
3,874
| 3
|
When the chemical VIANZONE is added to any clear solution containing sodium chloride, the solution becomes cloudy; When the chemical VIANZONE is added to a clear solution containing potassium nitrate, the solution becomes cloudy; But the chemical VIANZONE did not alter the solution containing benzene. In one experiment, the chemical VIANZONE was added to a transparent solution that remained transparent.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above experiment, which of the following must be true?
|
[
"The clear solution contains potassium nitrate",
"The clear solution contains sodium chloride and benzene",
"The clear solution does not contain benzene",
"The clear solution does not contain sodium chloride"
] |
14,235
| 0
|
Critics have argued that because Freudianism holds that people have unconscious desires that can defeat their attempts to follow rational life plans, it is incompatible with the predominantly rationalistic spirit of Western philosophical and psychological thought. But it is a central tenet of Freudianism that through psychoanalysis one can become conscious of one' s previously unconscious desires, enabling one to avoid being defeated by them. Ttherefore, __.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following most logically completes the argument?
|
[
"Freudianism does not run counter to the rationalistic mainstream of Western philosophical and psychological thought",
"psychoanalysis provides one with a rational life plan",
"Freudianism holds that people can always achieve happiness through psychoanalysis",
"Freudianism reflects the predominantly rationalistic spirit of Western philosophical and psychological thought more than any other psychological theory"
] |
13,246
| 0
|
Satellite navigation systems (satnavs) for cars, in which computer voices announce directions as you drive, save fuel and promote safety. Studies show that, when assigned to novel destinations, drivers using satnavs took, on average, 7 percent fewer miles per journey than drivers using paper maps. Fewer miles driven means, on average, less fuel consumed. Also, the drivers who used satnavs drove more carefully in that they were not taking their eyes off the road to check paper maps.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
|
[
"Drivers who are given directions as needed are less likely to change course suddenly or make other risky maneuvers.",
"Drivers who do not routinely need to drive to an unfamiliar location are more likely to plan out their route carefully prior to departure.",
"The more fuel a vehicle consumes, the more motivation a driver has to find the shortest route to his or her destination.",
"Drivers who own satnavs usually prefer to drive to their accustomed destinations by using their customary routes rather than by following the directions given by the satnavs."
] |
12,940
| 2
|
Sociologist: A recent study of 5, 000 individuals found, on the basis of a physical exam, that more than 25 percent of people older than 65 were malnourished, though only 12 percent of the people in this age group fell below government poverty standards. In contrast, a greater percentage of the people 65 or younger fell below poverty standards than were found in the study to be malnourished.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Each of the following, if true, helps to explain the findings of the study cited by the sociologist EXCEPT:
|
[
"People 65 or younger are less likely to have medical conditions that interfere with their digestion than are people over 65.",
"Doctors are less likely to correctly diagnose and treat malnutrition in their patients who are over 65 than in their younger patients.",
"People 65 or younger are no more likely to fall below government poverty standards than are people over 65.",
"People over 65 are more likely to take medications that increase their need for certain nutrients than are people 65 or younger."
] |
12,629
| 1
|
Critic to economist: In yet another of your bumbling forecasts, last year you predicted that this country' s economy would soon go into recession if current economic policies were not changed. Instead, economic growth is even stronger this year. Economist: There was nothing at all bumbling about my warning. Indeed, it convinced the country' s leaders to change economic policies, which is what prevented a recession.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The economist responds to the critic by
|
[
"offering a particular counterexample to a general claim asserted by the critic",
"indicating that the state of affairs on which the economist's prediction was conditioned did not obtain",
"distinguishing between a prediction that has not yet turned out to be correct and one that has turned out to be incorrect",
"attempting to show that the critic's statements are mutually inconsistent"
] |
7,344
| 2
|
Since the industrial revolution, mankind has burned a large number of fossil fuels and deforested, and the emission of greenhouse gases has continued to increase, leading to a significant global warming in the 20th century. If the long-term increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is to be controlled, countries must carry out human intervention or change from Limit the use of fossil energy at the source to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; or increase the sink of greenhouse gases, that is, re-absorb the greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere through tree planting.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Based on this, it can be concluded that which of the following is correct?
|
[
"If the use of fossil energy is restricted from the source, a significant global warming can be avoided",
"If we increase the sinks of greenhouse gases through afforestation, we can avoid a significant global warming",
"If countries neither restrict the use of fossil energy from the source nor increase the sinks of greenhouse gases, they will not be able to control the long-term increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere",
"If countries restrict the use of fossil energy at the source or increase the sink of greenhouse gases through tree planting, the long-term increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can be controlled"
] |
5,103
| 2
|
The wooden chairs effect means that two groups of students with equal grades are arranged to study on comfortable sofa chairs and very uncomfortable wooden chairs respectively. Soon, the academic performance of students sitting on wooden chairs is much higher than that of students sitting on sofa chairs. The reason is that students sitting on wooden chairs constantly adjust their sitting posture for discomfort, which seems to be restless and active on the surface, The essence therefore supplies more blood and nutrition to the brain. The learning effect of students sitting on sofa chairs is worse, because they are comfortable and motionless, resulting in a relative slowdown in blood circulation and a relative reduction in blood and nutrition for the brain.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, which of the following best reflects the wooden chair effect?
|
[
"A student was punished since he was young, and his academic performance has been unsatisfactory.",
"In order to encourage their children to study in summer, a parent provides them with cold drinks every day.",
"Xiao Gang walked to school and home every day, rain or shine, and got good grades.",
"A month after moving into the new study, Xiao Ming's grades and ranking rose all the way."
] |
252
| 3
|
After graduating from high school, people rarely do math problems or talk about history, but people face decisions related to family economics every day. However, when mathematics and history are compulsory courses in high school courses, family economics is only an elective course, and few students choose this course.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following points of view can best be supported by the above discussion?
|
[
"Unless high school puts more emphasis on non-professional subjects like family economics, people who graduate from high school will never easily make the decisions they face in daily life.",
"Although family economics is the most useful subject for people who have to make decisions in daily life, usually mathematics and history can also help people make such decisions.",
"Mathematics, history, and other subjects that are not directly related to one's daily life should not be a compulsory part of the high school curriculum",
"If it is important to teach high school students about subjects related to the decisions they will face in their daily lives, then family economics should become an important part of the high school curriculum"
] |
3,344
| 3
|
The so-called memory representation refers to the image of things perceived by people in the human brain.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following activities is designed for memory content that does not belong to memory representation?
|
[
"Tom still remembers her eating Quanjude roast duck in China.",
"Lao Li often recalls the hard life of his childhood.",
"The beautiful sound of the piano echoed in her ears.",
"Xiao Hong can recite the multiplication formula skillfully."
] |
10,266
| 0
|
In a plastic greenhouse, there are six rectangular vegetable ponds of the same size, arranged in order from left to right: numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. And No. 1 is not adjacent to No. 6. Six kinds of vegetables need to be planted in the greenhouse. Q, L, H, X, S and Y. Only one of them can be planted in each vegetable pond. The planting arrangement must meet the following conditions: Q is planted in a vegetable pond on the left side of H. X is planted in the No. 1 or No. 6 vegetable pond. Y or S is planted in the No. 3 vegetable pond. L is planted next to the right side of S.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options must be true if H is planted in the No.2 vegetable pond?
|
[
"X is planted in the No. 6 vegetable pond.",
"L is planted in the No. 4 vegetable pond.",
"L is planted in the No. 5 vegetable pond.",
"Y is planted in the No. 3 vegetable pond."
] |
9,197
| 2
|
Critics: as the practice of electronic monitoring of employees becomes more and more common, it is becoming more and more intrusive to personal privacy. I have also heard more and more defences from employers for this practice. They explain that the purpose of monitoring is to keep employees honest, efficient and polite to customers. In my opinion, this explanation is obviously in the service of the employer himself and does not justify the unreasonable invasion of personal privacy at all.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options best points out the flaw in the critic's argument?
|
[
"Attack an argument that is different from the argument actually put forward by the employer.",
"Assume that employees are never dishonest, inefficient, or impolite to customers.",
"Attack employers' motives rather than refute their defenses.",
"A summary is made based on a biased sample."
] |
8,317
| 1
|
The twin towers effect refers to the phenomenon that two powerful neighboring economies unite and make use of their respective ability to gather radiation to jointly promote the development of the surrounding region.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the followings belongs to the twin towers effect?
|
[
"Centering on the requirements of accurately locating the consumer population and building a characteristic commercial body, a certain city has promoted the misplaced competition in the commercial layout by taking the famous business district in the urban area as the axis, and built different functional areas such as business, culture, housing and so on.",
"Two mega-cities in a certain region take advantage of their superior location, and according to the principle of giving full play to their advantages, learning from each other's strong points to offset their weaknesses, and mutual benefit, after years of efforts, they have formed a leading advantage in science and technology, culture, industry and so on.",
"In order to speed up the economic development, a certain city has integrated the core areas with strong economic foundation and limited development space with the suburbs with weak foundation but great potential for development, and the comprehensive strength of the city has been significantly improved soon.",
"At the beginning of the establishment of a state-level innovative industrial park in a certain city, it focused on cultivating two major industries: information and medicine, attracting many of the world's top 500 enterprises to settle in, which further promoted the transformation and upgrading of the city's industry and enhanced the overall competitiveness of the city."
] |
3,113
| 2
|
Whiplash acid in tea and calcium gluconate in calcium tablets are easy to twist into a ball in the gastrointestinal tract, and the calcium whiplash can not be absorbed by the small intestine.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above information, which of the following options is correct for drinking tea after taking calcium tablets when you want to supplement calcium?
|
[
"It's very good.",
"It's good for digestion.",
"It's of no use at all.",
"It's a last resort."
] |
12,316
| 1
|
The axis of Earth' s daily rotation is tilted with respect to the plane of its orbit at an angle of roughly 23 degrees. That angle can be kept fairly stable only by the gravitational influence of Earth' s large, nearby Moon. Without such a stable and moderate axis tilt, a planet' s climate is too extreme and unstable to support life. Mars, for example, has only very small moons, tilts at wildly fluctuating angles, and cannot support life.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them?
|
[
"Gravitational influences other than moons have little or no effect on the magnitude of the tilt angle of either Earth's or Mars's axis.",
"If Earth's Moon were to leave Earth's orbit, Earth's climate would be unable to support life.",
"No planet that has more than one moon can support life.",
"Any planet with a stable, moderate axis tilt can support life."
] |
12,145
| 1
|
To classify a work of art as truly great, it is necessary that the work have both originality and far-reaching influence upon the artistic community.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The principle above, if valid, most strongly supports which one of the following arguments?
|
[
"The piece of art in the lobby is clearly not classified as truly great, so it follows that it fails to be original.",
"Some of the most original art being produced today is found in isolated communities, but because of this isolation these works have only minor influence, and hence cannot be considered truly great.",
"Since Bach's music is truly great, it not only has both originality and a major influence on musicians, it has broad popular appeal as well.",
"By breaking down traditional schemes of representation, Picasso redefined painting. It is this extreme originality that warrants his work being considered truly great."
] |
10,929
| 0
|
Modern physicians often employ laboratory tests, in addition to physical examinations, in order to diagnose diseases accurately. Insurance company regulations that deny coverage for certain laboratory tests ttherefore decrease the quality of medical care provided to patients.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following is an assumption that would serve to justify the conclusion above?
|
[
"Physical examinations and the uncovered laboratory tests together provide a more accurate diagnosis of many diseases than do physical examinations alone.",
"Many physicians generally oppose insurance company regulations that, in order to reduce costs, limit the use of laboratory tests.",
"There are some illnesses that experienced physicians can diagnose accurately from physical examination alone.",
"Many patients who might benefit from the uncovered laboratory tests do not have any form of health insurance."
] |
1,954
| 2
|
Indian films used to be synonymous with rigid and lengthy stage plays, with immutable patterns, old-fashioned stories and stereotyped characters. Bollywood in Mumbai always feels like a fake burlesque production base because it imitates the name Hollywood. However, after experiencing song and dance films, superhero films, romantic films and other types of films, Indian films produce more than 1900 films a year, making its film industry as spectacular as Hollywood. Especially in the last decade, Indian filmmakers have built a bridge between reality and illusion. As a result, their storytelling skills honed in the world's largest film market are growing and can tell wonderful stories fluently.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options is correct?
|
[
"The most prominent feature of Indian films is to tell good stories.",
"Indian films have experienced a process from quantitative change to qualitative change.",
"The change of mode has promoted the development of Indian films.",
"Indian films' grasp of market preferences is becoming more and more accurate."
] |
2,394
| 0
|
The arithmetic average describes the average trend of a set of data and is the quotient of the sum of all data divided by the number of data. When used in statistics, it should be noted that when there are extreme values, ambiguous data or different quality data, the arithmetic average can not be calculated.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, which of the following options is suitable for calculating arithmetic averages?
|
[
"According to the statistics of a community, the average age of the residents in this community includes 204 children under 10 years old and 26 people over 90 years old.",
"According to the statistics of a certain company, the average annual income of young workers under the age of 35 is basically between 100000 and 120000 yuan, of which one is a company executive with an annual income of more than one million yuan.",
"According to the statistics of the average height of teenagers in a certain school, all the students in the preschool, primary and secondary departments of the school are taken into account.",
"According to the statistics of a certain city, the average number of left-behind children in each district and county of the city, among which the districts and counties with a large number of migrant workers are unable to make accurate statistics, only the estimated data are provided."
] |
10,742
| 1
|
Chronic fatigue syndrome is characterized by prolonged fatigue, muscular pain, and neurological problems. It is not known whether these symptoms are all caused by a single virus or whether each symptom is the result of a separate viral infection. A newly synthesized drug has been tested on those who suffer from chronic fatigue syndrome. Although the specific antiviral effects of this drug are unknown, it has lessened the severity of all of the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome. Thus there is evidence that chronic fatigue syndrome is, in fact, caused by one virus.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The argument assumes which one of the following?
|
[
"An antiviral medication that eliminates the most severe symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome thereby cures chronic fatigue syndrome.",
"It is more likely that the new drug counteracts one virus than that it counteracts several viruses.",
"Most syndromes that are characterized by related symptoms are each caused by a single viral infection.",
"All those who suffer from prolonged fatigue also suffer from neurological problems."
] |
13,512
| 3
|
Music critic: Fewer and fewer musicians are studying classical music, decreasing the likelihood that those with real aptitude for such music will be performing it. Audiences who hear these performances will not appreciate classical music' s greatness and will thus decamp to other genres. So to maintain classical music' s current meager popularity, we must encourage more young musicians to enter the field.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following, if true, most weakens the music critic's reasoning?
|
[
"It is possible to enjoy the music in a particular genre even when it is performed by musicians who are not ideally suited for that genre.",
"Musicians who choose to study classical music do so because they believe they have an aptitude for the. music.",
"The continued popularity of a given genre of music depends in part on the audiences being able to understand why that genre attained its original popularity.",
"Most people who appreciate classical music come to do so through old recordings rather than live performances."
] |
11,552
| 0
|
Style manual: Archaic spellings and styles of punctuation in direct quotations from older works are to be preserved if they occur infrequently and do not interfere with a reader' s comprehension. However, if they occur frequently, the editor may modernize them, inserting a note with an explanation to this effect in the text, or if similar modernizing has been done in more than one quotation, inserting a general statement in the preface. On the other hand, obvious typographical errors in quotations from modern works may be corrected without explanation.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following follows logically from the statements above?
|
[
"An editor may modernize punctuation directly quoted from an older work if that punctuation occurs frequently and interferes with reader comprehension.",
"If an editor corrects the spelling of a quoted word and the word occurs only once in the text, then an explanation should appear in a note or in the text.",
"If an editor modernizes only one of several similar instances of quoted archaic punctuation, an explanation should appear in the preface of the work.",
"An editor may modernize an archaic spelling of a word found in a modern work without providing an explanation."
] |
13,743
| 3
|
It is clear that none of the volleyball players at yesterday' s office beach party came to work today since everyone who played volleyball at that party got badly sunburned and no one at work today is even slightly sunburned.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following exhibits a pattern of reasoning that most closely parallels that in the argument above?
|
[
"Since everyone employed by TRF who was given the opportunity to purchase dental insurance did so and everyone who purchased dental insurance saw a dentist, it is clear that no one who failed to see a dentist is employed by TRF.",
"Since no one who was promoted during the past year failed to attend the awards banquet, evidently none of the office managers attended the banquet this year since they were all denied promotion.",
"Since the Donnely report was not finished on time, no one in John's group could have been assigned to contribute to that report since everyone in John's group has a reputation for getting assignments in on time.",
"Everyone with an office on the second floor works directly for the president and, as a result, no one with a second floor office will take a July vacation because no one who works for the president will be able to take time off during July."
] |
10,633
| 3
|
It is pointless to debate the truth of the law of noncontradiction, a fundamental logical principle according to which two statements that contradict each other cannot both be true. For a debate to be productive, participants must hold some basic principles in common. But the principles held in common in a debate over the law of noncontradiction would be much less certain than that law, so it matters little whether the law of noncontradiction can be defended on the basis of those principles.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?
|
[
"The law of noncontradiction is a principle that the participants in a productive debate must hold in common.",
"Statements that contradict each other cannot both be true.",
"Any principles that could be used to defend the law of noncontradiction are less certain than it is.",
"It is pointless to debate the truth of the law of noncontradiction."
] |
4,755
| 0
|
Cash equivalents refer to investments that are held by companies for a short period of time, of high liquidity, and are easy to convert to a known amount of cash, with little risk of value changes. Although cash equivalents are not cash, their ability to pay is not much different from cash, which can be seen as cash.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, which of the followings is a type of cash equivalents?
|
[
"Company A buys short-term bonds and can realize cash at any time when it is needed",
"In order to buy a house in the future, Li deposited a demand deposit of 100,000 yuan.",
"Company B purchases tradable stocks as a short-term investment, but recently the stock market is unstable",
"A 30,000-yuan time deposit of Company C to purchase fixed assets"
] |
14,081
| 0
|
Agricultural economist: We can increase agricultural production without reducing biodiversity, but only if we abandon conventional agriculture. Thus, if we choose to sustain economic growth, which requires increasing agricultural production, we should radically modify agricultural techniques.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the agricultural economist's reasoning?
|
[
"Economic growth should not be pursued at the expense of a loss of biodiversity.",
"Agricultural production should be reduced if doing so would increase biodiversity.",
"Preserving biodiversity is no more important than increasing agricultural production.",
"Economic growth should be sustained only as long as agricultural production continues to increase."
] |
3,131
| 3
|
Many parts used in the MiG-25 fighter jet developed and produced by the former Soviet Union are much backward compared with other fighters, but its overall combat performance reaches or even exceeds that of fighters produced in other countries at the same time. The reason is that MiG company has carried out a more coordinated combination design of various parts in the design from the overall consideration, so that the aircraft is lifting and lowering, speed, Stress response and other aspects became the world-class fighter at that time. This unexpected effect caused by combination and coordination was called MiG-25 effect by later generations.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, which of the following meets the MiG-25 effect?
|
[
"The research level of researchers determines the ability of scientific research institutions.",
"A youth team defeated the All-Star united under the leadership of an experienced coach.",
"How much water a bucket holds depends on the shortest board on the bucket wall.",
"In the battle of Julu, Xiang Yu led 20,000 soldiers to wipe out 30,0000 Qin troops with his determination to fight to the death."
] |
7,297
| 1
|
Five college students said the following in interviews: [1] Xuan: I have no experience of cheating on exams. [2] Jing: Xuan is lying. [3] Cheng: I used to spend nights in Internet cafes. [4] Du: Cheng is lying. [5] Hui: Cheng and Du are both lying.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is the number of liars among them?
|
[
"Four.",
"Three.",
"Two.",
"One."
] |
10,625
| 1
|
When a forest is subject to acid rain, the calcium level in the soil declines. Spruce, fir, and sugar maple trees all need calcium to survive. However, sugar maples in forests that receive significant acid rain are much more likely to show signs of decline consistent with calcium deficiency than are spruces or firs in such forests.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the greater decline among sugar maples?
|
[
"Unlike spruces or firs, most sugar maples are native to areas that receive a lot of acid rain.",
"Spruces and firs, unlike sugar maples, can extract calcium from a mineral compound that is common in soil and is not affected by acid rain.",
"Sugar maples require more calcium in the spring and summer than they do in the fall and winter.",
"Sugar maples that do not receive enough calcium deteriorate less rapidly than spruces or firs that do not receive enough calcium."
] |
4,868
| 0
|
With the popularity of the Internet, the electronic version of the book is also more and more, including the electronic version of literary masterpieces, and the price is very low. People can browse almost any famous book on the Internet by turning on their computers. The advent of electronic literary masterpieces will change the reading taste of the public, which is conducive to the creation of high-quality readership.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options best weakens the above conclusions?
|
[
"People who are not interested in literature will not read literary classics because of the price or convenience of literary classics",
"The popularity of literary classics has always been lower than that of entertainment magazines, current affairs newspapers and other public books",
"Many readers think that reading e-books is not as good as reading printed books, and prefer printed books",
"There is still a charge for reading literary classics on the Internet"
] |
5,620
| 1
|
Kidov theorem: it means that if the best idea is put forward at the wrong time, it will also lead to failure, that is, whether a decision is correct or not can not leave the specific place, time and conditions. If it is separated from these basic preconditions, the truth may become a fallacy
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, which of the followings does not accord with the kidov theorem?
|
[
"The former president of company A said to his successor: you should not make any decision until you have obtained all the facts",
"Many manufacturers have signed up to participate in the machine tool Expo held in a city, and the manager of machine tool plant B clearly refused to participate when he received the invitation",
"In the 1980s, a serious oil crisis broke out in the world. The chairman of C automobile company seized this opportunity and made a decision on automobile transformation",
"In recent years, many water heater plants have invested too much in advertising, resulting in sluggish price rise. Company D, which is in the leading position in the industry, immediately adopted the price reduction policy"
] |
7,627
| 2
|
Public information resources refer to all kinds of data systems which are managed by social specific management organization according to law and provide information service for the whole society. It has the characteristics of publicity, extensiveness, foundation and commonweal.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is the public information resources?
|
[
"In order to verify the identity of residents or solve cases, the public security departments have established the information sharing system of the Ministry of Public Security.",
"In order to examine the loan application, the bank carries out all kinds of financial business customer personal information system.",
"The National Meteorological Department establishes the meteorological information release system, such as the weather forecast, the geological disaster early warning.",
"In order to improve the efficiency of teaching management, the Educational Administration Department of Colleges and universities has developed a system for students to select, evaluate and manage courses."
] |
4,411
| 3
|
If you tell the truth in your speech, the rich will oppose you. If you lie in your speech, the poor will oppose you. When you speak, you either tell the truth or lie. So, either the rich will oppose you, or the poor will oppose you.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the followings is most similar to the structure of the above reasoning??
|
[
"If there is life on the moon, there must be air. If there is life on the moon, there must be water. There is either no air or no water on the moon. Therefore, there is no life on the moon",
"If the object is pressurized, its volume will become smaller. If the object is cooled, its volume will become smaller. Either pressurize the object or cool the object. Therefore, the volume of the object will become smaller",
"If it rains, the ground must be wet. If it doesn't rain, the ground may not be wet. Or it rains or it doesn't rain. Therefore, either the ground must be wet or the ground may not be wet",
"If you stimulate the tiger, the tiger will eat people. If you do not stimulate the tiger, the tiger will also eat people. Either stimulate the tiger, or do not stimulate the tiger. In short, the tiger will eat people"
] |
8,477
| 2
|
One study used more than 2.5 million images to train artificial intelligence algorithms to analyze brain cancer. The results of the study show that computers can diagnose common cancers in three minutes, while it takes about 30 minutes for a medical expert to diagnose.In a clinical trial of 278 brain cancer patients, the researchers found that the results of the artificial intelligence algorithm were consistent with the pathologist's diagnosis-actually more accurate-in which doctors misdiagnosed 17 times, while artificial intelligence misdiagnosed only 14 times. As a result, the researchers concluded that artificial intelligence can not replace doctors, but can play a role of review to ensure that the diagnosis is foolproof.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options, if true, can best support the above conclusions of the researchers?
|
[
"The characteristic of artificial intelligence working 24 hours a day without intermission can effectively alleviate the extreme shortage of excellent doctors at the present stage.",
"It takes at least ten years to train a doctor, but as long as artificial intelligence achieves a technical breakthrough, it can be replicated.",
"None of the cases misdiagnosed by pathologists were misdiagnosed by artificial intelligence; at the same time, the cases misdiagnosed by artificial intelligence were corrected by pathologists one by one.",
"At this stage, the software for diagnosis and treatment of cases has been used in medical schools to teach and train young doctors, and the number of operations performed by robots has exceeded 10,000."
] |
12,433
| 3
|
In the late 1980' s, the population of sea otters in the North Pacific Ocean began to decline. Of the two plausible explanations for the decline-increased predation by killer whales or disease-disease is the more likely. After all, a concurrent sharp decline in the populations of seals and sea lions was almost certainly caused by a pollution-related disease, which could have spread to sea otters, whereas the population of killer whales did not change noticeably.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the reasoning?
|
[
"There is no indication that substantial numbers of sea otters migrated to other locations from the North Pacific in the 1980's.",
"Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980's, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times.",
"The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.",
"Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey."
] |
1,624
| 1
|
If an enterprise can allow a third party to experiment with its products, a complementary innovation situation will appear.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following should enterprises pay attention to in innovation?
|
[
"Practicability",
"Openness",
"Continuity",
"Public welfare"
] |
2,187
| 2
|
Salt weathering refers to the physical weathering caused by the decomposition or shedding of particles on the surface of rock outcrop caused by the expansion of salt crystals in rock pores. It is characterized by the formation of weathering holes of different sizes, ranging from a few centimeters to a few meters. The phenomenon of salt weathering is more obvious in inland arid areas and seaside, which is a common physical weathering on land, which will not only lead to the fragmentation and decomposition of rock surface. it will also cause the pulverization and shedding of building stone and play an important role in the process of shaping geomorphology. However, it has been ignored and misunderstood by geologists and interpreted as the result of other functions such as wind erosion or water erosion.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options is most likely to be discussed after this passage?
|
[
"The harm of salt weathering to geomorphology",
"Related characteristics of geographical distribution of salt weathering phenomenon",
"How the phenomenon of salt weathering is ignored and misunderstood",
"The cause and process of salt weathering phenomenon"
] |
6,697
| 1
|
In British families, there is absolutely no reason to spoil children, and children who make mistakes will be corrected or even punished. Parents often exercise strict control over their children on the premise of respecting their children's independent personality, in order to let their children understand that their behavior is not boundless and cannot do whatever they want. British law clearly allows parents to punish their children.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options is not understood correctly according to the above definition?
|
[
"The British never spoil their children",
"The British often give corporal punishment to their children",
"When British people discipline their children, they don't hurt their self-esteem",
"British law has provisions for the discipline of children"
] |
9,359
| 0
|
The implementation of a comprehensive emergency classification system, technical reserves have been completed, the key is to rely on patients' recognition and compliance. Sorting by severity is clearly a more complex fairness rule than the first come, first served mechanical fairness. Medical staff need to continue to persuade and guide and carry out medical common knowledge popularization, so that patients can understand the truth. The order and efficiency of medical treatment are always closely related to the scientific literacy and rule consciousness of patients. If patients still rely only on first come, first served, the classification of emergency departments is likely to end up in the dark. As you can imagine, many of the problems faced by emergency departments are actually rooted outside the emergency department, which means that the implementation of the emergency classification system is more difficult than expected.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the followings is intended to emphasize the full implementation of the emergency classification system?
|
[
"Based on the understanding and approval of the patient",
"Should be premised on the establishment of fairer rules",
"Contributing to a dramatic increase in medical efficiency",
"Depends on the widespread popularization of medical knowledge"
] |
4,912
| 2
|
In Japan, the post-war generation is famous for its diligence and shrewdness, while this generation of young people is called the broken generation,
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The reasons is:
|
[
"The spirit of the Japanese has been consumed by the older generation",
"Young people are too dependent on the West",
"The older generation in Japan works diligently and professionally at a very fast pace without enjoying life, which is unacceptable to the worry free young Japanese",
"The United States instilled ideology in Japan"
] |
9,911
| 2
|
On the morning of November 8, the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense released for the first time a local image of the lunar Hongwan area, the pre-selected landing area of Chang'e-3, sent back by the Chang'e-2 satellite. It is a black-and-white image taken at 18:00 on October 28th and captured by a satellite about 18.7km from the moon's surface. The return of the camera indicates that the goals of the six projects set by the Chang'e-2 mission have all been achieved, which means that the Chang'e-2 project has been a complete success. The return of the camera indicates that the goals of the six projects set by the Chang'e-2 mission have all been achieved, which means that the Chang'e-2 project has been a complete success. The return of the camera indicates that the goals of the six projects set by the Chang'e-2 mission have all been achieved, which means that the Chang'e-2 project has been a complete success. It is understood that in the future, there will also be a CCD camera on the Chang'e-3 lander. At that time, it will not only take pictures, but also independently avoid the places where the lander is not suitable for landing during the soft landing, and the immediate decision will choose a flat surface suitable for landing for the lander.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options can not be inferred from the main question?
|
[
"The resolution of the CCD camera carried by Chang'e-2 is higher than that carried by Chang'e-1.",
"In the future, the CCD camera carried by Chang'e-3 will be more powerful than that carried by Chang'e-2.",
"Chang'e-2 has made a precise choice for the landing site of the Chang'e-3 satellite to be launched in the future.",
"The lander of Chang'e-3 should choose a flat surface during the soft landing of the moon."
] |
5,903
| 1
|
One night, a store was stolen. The public security organs, through investigation, came to the following judgments: (1) The thief is either A or B; (2) If A is the thief, the time of the crime is before midnight; (3) The lights of the shop went out at midnight, when A had already gone home. (4) If B's statement is not true, the time of the crime was not before midnight; B's statement is true only if the lights of the shop are on at midnight.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is the thief in this case?
|
[
"A",
"B",
"A possible",
"A and B"
] |
12,845
| 0
|
Science journalist: Europa, a moon of Jupiter, is covered with ice. Data recently transmitted by a spacecraft strongly suggest that there are oceans of liquid water deep under the ice. Life as we know it could evolve only in the presence of liquid water. Hence, it is likely that at least primitive life has evolved on Europa.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True}
|
The science journalist's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
|
[
"fails to address adequately the possibility that there are conditions necessary for the evolution of life in addition to the presence of liquid water",
"takes for granted that no conditions on Europa other than the supposed presence of liquid water could have accounted for the data transmitted by the spacecraft",
"takes for granted that if a condition would be necessary for the evolution of life as we know it, then such life could not have evolved anywhere that this condition does not hold",
"takes for granted that life is likely to be present on Europa if, but only if, life evolved on Europa"
] |
6,806
| 3
|
America's strategy is to expand NATO into Eurasia under the banner of promoting democracy and stability.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options is the result of whether NATO's expansion into Eurasia?
|
[
"No.",
"Yes.",
"It's going to expand to.",
"Don't know."
] |
8,600
| 3
|
The integration of production and city means the integrated development of industrial parks and cities, which is based on the city, carries industrial space and develops industrial economy, takes industry as the guarantee, drives urban renewal and improvement of services, and further enhances the value of land. in order to achieve the model of dynamic and sustainable development among industry, city and people. It is generally composed of four stages, from production agglomeration to industry-led, and then to industrial improvement, and finally complete the integration of production and city. Its core is to promote the integration of housing and employment, that is, the matching of the structure of residents and employed people.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to the integration of production and city?
|
[
"In order to avoid pollution affecting the lives of residents, a city moved the pharmaceutical factory to a new industrial park on the outskirts of the city.",
"A city has issued relevant policies to attract college graduates to start businesses and employment in the newly built industrial park.",
"A city plans to build an electronics industrial park in the suburbs by using the network to attract investment.",
"A city has developed a lot of new buildings with complete supporting facilities in the area around the mature industrial park."
] |
6,558
| 3
|
Leading cadres should also have these three realms of reading and study: first of all, they should have the lofty pursuit of looking at the Tianya Road, the coolness of withering trees by the west wind last night and the loneliness of going up the tall building alone. Calm down and study hard. Second, we should work hard, study assiduously, be willing to pay, persevere, work hard, and never regret even if we wear wider clothes and people are haggard. Third, we should persist in independent thinking, combine learning with use, learn something, use something, find him in the public thousands of degrees in study and practice, and finally suddenly look back and grasp the true meaning in dim lights. the third is to persist in independent thinking, to combine learning with use, to learn something, to find him thousands of degrees in the study and practice, and finally to suddenly look back and comprehend the true meaning in dim lights.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options can best summarize the above text?
|
[
"Reading should have a clear goal and perseverance",
"Reading should be combined with practice",
"You should pay attention to methods and skills in reading",
"We should love to read, read frequently and be good at reading"
] |
3,220
| 3
|
In recent years, academic misconduct and even academic corruption have become more and more serious. Some people plagiarize other people's research results, some make up experimental data, and some take patients for experiments without permission, which not only loses the bottom line of scholars, but also does not even have the bottom line of life. As a scholar, Professor Li feels very sad about this. He believes that academic corruption has reached the point where it must be punished, But the wife, who is also a scholar, said, I don't agree with you. Professor Zhang of our college is rigorous in his scholarship. He has never committed academic misconduct.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following best refutes the wife of Professor Li's point of view?
|
[
"Punishing academic corruption depends not only on the power of example, but also on the restriction of law.",
"Professor Zhang may also have academic misconduct, but it has not been found.",
"As a public intellectual, Professor Zhang should pay attention to his positive image in front of the public.",
"Professor Zhang's case belongs to an individual case and cannot refute a universal law."
] |
15,173
| 1
|
Editorialist: Research reveals that patients of hospital cardiac units in which doctors perform many aggressive, high-tech procedures are less likely to be alive a month after leaving the hospital than are patients of hospital cardiac units that rely almost exclusively on standard treatments. This indicates that aggressive, high-tech treatments of cardiac disease are less effective than standard treatments.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the editorialist's argument?
|
[
"Doctors who do not perform aggressive, high-tech procedures tend to place much emphasis on the prevention of cardiac problems through healthy lifestyle choices.",
"Patients with the most-severe cardiac problems tend to receive treatment at hospitals where many aggressive, high-tech treatments are performed.",
"All cardiac patients have access to hospitals in which relatively large numbers of aggressive, high-tech procedures are performed.",
"Some cardiac patients have lived for many years after receiving aggressive, high-tech treatments."
] |
13,584
| 1
|
A primate jawbone found in Namibia in southern Africa has been identified by anthropologists as that of an ape that lived between 10 million and 15 million years ago. Researchers generally agree that such ancient primates lived only in dense forests. Consequently, the dry, treeless expanses now dominating the landscape in and around Namibia must have replaced an earlier, heavily forested terrain.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The argument assumes which one of the following?
|
[
"There were no apes living in the area that is now Namibia prior to 15 million years ago.",
"The ape whose jawbone was found lived in or near the area that is now Namibia.",
"The ancient primates were numerous enough to have caused severe damage to the ecology of the forests in which they lived.",
"Modern apes also tend to live only in heavily forested terrain."
] |
3,569
| 1
|
Digital divide: refers to the trend of information gaps between different countries, regions, industries, companies, and communities in the global digitalization process due to differences in the degree of ownership, application, and innovation capabilities of information and network technologies.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, which of the following phenomena belongs to the digital divide?
|
[
"The reason why Internet TV is popular is that it turns passive reception into active choice",
"In the modern market economy environment, large companies have the ability and capital to establish big data systems, and small companies often look to them",
"The production technology of developed countries is the main factor in the formation of comparative advantage in trade",
"In the Internet age, the speed of information acquisition in large cities and small cities is almost the same"
] |
5,571
| 3
|
A factory quality inspection section inspects the quality of the products of five production teams as follows. The product pass rate of Ding group is higher than that of group C. Group B non-conforming products, completely scrapped products than a group of more. Group A product pass rate is the lowest. Group C and Group B product pass rate is the same.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
From the above conclusions, which of the following options can be introduced?
|
[
"Ding Zuyao House Group's product pass rate is the same",
"Group A products, the total scrap of more",
"Ding group's product pass rate is the highest",
"Group B product pass rate is lower than Ding group"
] |
2,290
| 3
|
The typical amphibian breathes by gills in the water as a baby and breathes by lungs on land, a process we usually call complete metamorphosis. When most amphibians breed, they lay their eggs in water and hatch into tadpoles. The newly hatched tadpoles have external gills and breathe oxygen in water. In most tadpoles, within a few days the internal and external gills disappear to form internal gills for breathing, and hind limb buds (forelegs) grow into metamorphosis. In metamorphosis stage, tadpoles' limbs gradually replace the function of walking and locomotion, and their lungs gradually take the place of gills to breathe. Once the gills were gone and the rest of the anatomy adjusted, amphibians moved on to land.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following does not correspond to the meaning of the passage?
|
[
"When amphibians enter metamorphosis, they slowly grow limbs and lungs",
"Amphibians appear as tadpoles from eggs when they are young",
"Amphibians moved from water to land",
"Amphibians never return to the water after they start living on land"
] |
13,160
| 3
|
Politician: It is widely accepted that because democratic politics cannot exist without debate about political issues, and because self-governance flourishes when citizens are allowed to express their feelings verbally, a democratically governed society should refrain from interfering in individual citizens' speech. I argue that a democratically governed society should also refrain from exercising strict control over the clothing and grooming of its citizens, for this is clearly a venue of self-expression, and it can also serve to make a variety of political statements, without using words.
|
{'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
A logical strategy used in the politician's argument is to
|
[
"reach a conclusion about what democratically governed societies actually do based on premises about what democratically governed societies should do",
"support a conclusion by claiming that it is widely accepted",
"reach a general conclusion based on the absence of clear counterexamples to an empirical thesis",
"reach a conclusion based on evidence that is similar to evidence commonly thought to support an analogous case"
] |
4,552
| 1
|
People who claim that plants are conscious and emotional usually cite American Baxter's experiment. Baxter connects a lie detector to the leaves of a pot of plants. The design principle of this lie detector is that when people lie, their skin will sweat due to tension, resulting in lower skin resistance. By measuring the change of skin resistance, we can identify other people's emotions, Then judge whether people are lying. Baxter reported that in the experiment, when the subject thought of I'm going to burn that leaf, the lie detector reacted violently, the pointer suddenly moved to the top of the instrument and showed continuous fierce fluctuations. The lie detector drew a figure similar to that people would appear in extreme fear. Baxter claimed that plants have feelings.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the followings, if true, most refutes the above view?
|
[
"Even Baxter cannot repeat the experiment stably, and Baxter's explanation of the success and failure of the experiment is difficult to be convincing.",
"Only creatures with central nervous system have consciousness and feelings. Plants have no nervous system",
"The polygraph curve recorded by Baxter may be caused by other factors, including static electricity, mechanical vibration in the room, changes in humidity, etc",
"Baxter's experimental design is not scientific enough, there is no control group, and it does not meet the necessary conditions of objective, double-blind and other scientific experiments"
] |
6,687
| 1
|
At that time, the victory of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army on the 25000-mile long March shocked the world. shock was not the annihilation of the enemy, but mainly the Red Army's ability to survive in extreme cold, hunger, fatigue, hypoxia and dirt when it crossed the snow-capped mountains and grasslands. Many countries are training the survivability of officers and soldiers under extremely difficult conditions such as lack of roads, water, food, fire, light and oxygen deprivation.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options most directly supports this view?
|
[
"Enduring hardship can make a strong man, and being able to endure hardship is a characteristic of a strong man",
"The hardship embodies the tenacious survival ability of human beings",
"Don't regard suffering as the helpless life of the imbecile",
"Cultivating the hardship-bearing spirit of children and the younger generation is really a major plan related to the development and competition of the country"
] |
5,572
| 2
|
Zhao Qiansun three geologists are identifying a piece of ore. Zhao said, this is not iron, nor is it signed. 'It's not iron, it's copper, ' Mr. Qian said. 'It's not copper, it's iron, ' Sun said.So that one of them was right, one was wrong, and one was only half right.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options is correct based on the above condition?
|
[
"This ore is a silver mine",
"This ore is a copper mine",
"This ore is iron ore",
"This ore is a lead mine"
] |
144
| 1
|
Skilled technique or enough time (more than one month) is regarded as necessary conditions to complete a handicraft. Xiao Zhou only took 25 days to complete a handicraft, which shows that Xiao Zhou has mastered skill.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following resembles the most to the above?
|
[
"For a product to sell well in the market, high quality and sufficient advertising are indispensable. There is an electric fan, and experts say that it is of high quality, but the sales are not good, indicating that its advertising is not enough.",
"The family economy is bound to be not good with low salary and poor the financial management. Xiao Zhao's salary is not high, but his monthly financial condition is relatively good, indicating that Xiao Zhao is good at financial management.",
"Either with an extraordinary performance this year, or with the 30 years of working experience in company, can one receive this year's special allowance. Mr. Huang received this year's special allowance, but he has only worked in the company for 10 years, indicating that Mr. Huang's performance of this year is extraordinary.",
"A criminal who commits a crime must have both the motive and the time. In a certain case, Mr. Li has the motive but no time to commit the crime, indicating that Mr. Li is not the perpetrator of the crime."
] |
8,034
| 2
|
The real historical facts and the basis of historical materials are the basic elements of historical narrative. The task of history is not only to examine historical facts, but also to completely restore the appearance of historical figures, historical events and historical processes. For this reason, historical researchers need to connect and combine all kinds of historical facts. However, scholars who advocate the theory of postmodernist historiography believe that historical researchers can make different connections and combinations of historical facts without violating the norms of the discipline. These different connections and combinations will form the historical appearance of different characters, events or processes.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the scholars' point of view of post-modernist historical theory, which of the following options is the characteristic of historical description?
|
[
"It's not the same as the facts.",
"It can have fictional elements.",
"There can be different versions.",
"Its facts are uncertain."
] |
13,606
| 0
|
In ancient Greece, court witnesses were not crossexamined and the jury, selected from the citizenry, received no guidance on points of law; thus, it was extremely important for litigants to make a good impression on the jurors. For this reason, courtroom oratory by litigants is a good source of data on the common conceptions of morality held by the citizens of ancient Greece.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument?
|
[
"Litigants believed jurors were likely to be impressed by litigants whose professed moral code most resembled their own.",
"Litigants believed jurors were likely to render their decisions based on a good understanding of the law.",
"Litigants believed jurors were more likely to be impressed by litigants whose personality they preferred.",
"Litigants believed jurors were more likely to subject the litigants' personal moral codes to close critical scrutiny than were people who did not sit on juries."
] |
8,543
| 3
|
A community recently conducted a survey on the relationship between pet ownership and happiness in family life. The survey interviewed 100 families, including the type of pets, the time of keeping pets, the education and occupation of family members, and so on. The results show that the happiness of family members in families with pets is generally higher than that in families without pets. This shows that keeping pets helps to improve the happiness of family life.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the followings, if true, most weakens the above argument?
|
[
"The number of samples collected in the survey is insufficient",
"The people who keep pets in this community are usually the residents with better living conditions",
"For families without pets, the family members are usually busy on-duty workers",
"Families usually keep pets because their members have plenty of time and have a high sense of happiness in family life"
] |
13,296
| 3
|
At one sitting, a typical doughnut eater consumes 4 doughnuts containing a total of 680 calories and 40 grams of fat. The typical bagel eater consumes exactly one bagel, at 500 calories and one or two grams of fat per sitting, though the addition of spreads can raise calorie and fat content to the four-doughnut range. Thus, as far as total calorie content is concerned, there is very little difference between what a typical doughnut eater and a typical bagel eater each consumes at one sitting.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The argument depends on assuming which one of the following?
|
[
"Most typical doughnut eaters are not also bagel eaters.",
"Eating bagels instead of eating doughnuts provides no real health benefit.",
"Most bagel eaters are not fully aware of the calorie and fat content of a bagel.",
"The typical doughnut eater does not add to doughnuts any substances that increase the total caloric intake."
] |
9,939
| 1
|
Five stations have been set up in a section of the high-speed railway along the river from west to east. It is known that Fu Yi Station is located in the east of Hao Yun Station and west of Hu Yao Station, and adjacent to Hu Yao Station; Jiu Shang Station is adjacent to Yin Ling Station.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
If Hao Yun Station is on the east side of the station, which of the following options can be inferred?
|
[
"Yin Ling Station is adjacent to Hao Yun Station and is to the west of Hao Yun Station.",
"Hao Yun Station is adjacent to Fu Yi Station and is to the west of Fu Yi Station.",
"Jiu Shang Station is adjacent to Hao Yun Station and is to the west of Hao Yun Station.",
"Yin Ling Station is adjacent to Fu Yi Station and is to the west of Fu Yi Station."
] |
11,806
| 1
|
People who object to the proposed hazardous waste storage site by appealing to extremely implausible scenarios in which the site fails to contain the waste safely are overlooking the significant risks associated with delays in moving the waste from its present unsafe location. If we wait to remove the waste until we find a site certain to contain it safely, the waste will remain in its current location for many years, since it is currently impossible to guarantee that any site can meet that criterion. Yet keeping the waste at the current location for that long clearly poses unacceptable risks.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True}
|
The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?
|
[
"The waste should be placed in the most secure location that can ever be found.",
"Moving the waste to the proposed site would reduce the threat posed by the waste.",
"Any site to which the waste could be moved will be safer than its present site.",
"Whenever waste must be moved, one should limit the amount of time allotted to locating alternative waste storage sites."
] |
5,541
| 2
|
Segment the market refers to the market formed after the market is divided into a product according to geographical factors, population factors, psychological factors and behavioral factors.Segment pricing is the setting of different prices in different market segments for the same goods or services only.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options is market segment pricing by the above definition?
|
[
"On Mother's Day, carnations are more expensive than other flowers",
"The charge for a haircut in China is much lower than for a haircut in the United States",
"The same kind of fruit sells for much more in Lhasa than in Wuhan",
"For the same items, the cost of sending from Beijing to Tianjin is lower than that of sending them from Beijing to Guangzhou"
] |
775
| 1
|
The purpose of a crime refers to the result that the criminal wants to achieve through the crime subjectively, and is the result expected to be achieved by the crime that exists in the criminal's mind in the conceptual form. The criminal motive is the stimulus that prompts the criminal to commit the crime or ideological activities. It answers the psychological reasons for the criminal to commit the crime. The function of the motive is to initiate the crime, and explain what significance the crime has to the perpetrator's psychological desire.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, which of the following statements is correct?
|
[
"In order to retaliate against B, A wants to deprive B's life by poisoning, then A's criminal purpose is to retaliate.",
"A is worried that B will retaliate against him and detain B illegally for several days, then A's criminal motive is fear.",
"A poisoned B and caused B's death, and it is found that it is because of his jealousy of B's talent. Then A's criminal purpose is jealousy.",
"A is greedy for money and illegally possesses B's property through theft, then A's criminal motive is illegal possession."
] |
7,971
| 3
|
Experts believe that if the automotive technology industry can reduce fuel consumption by 3% after years of research and development, it can be considered a very significant research result; but even if it can reduce fuel consumption by 3%, it is not obvious to consumers in real life. Moreover, automobile manufacturers are already trying to save fuel as much as possible without affecting the acceleration power. The current production of cars has reached the best ratio in terms of fuel saving and power.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Based on this, it can be concluded that which of the following is correct?
|
[
"Car consumers don't care if they save 3% gasoline",
"The car currently produced has reached the best braking force effect",
"No matter how the automobile technology develops, the fuel saving effect will not be very significant",
"It is very difficult to find a breakthrough in the best configuration ratio of fuel saving and power"
] |
11,028
| 3
|
Violent crime in this town is becoming a serious problem. Compared to last year, local law enforcement agencies have responded to 17 percent more calls involving violent crimes, showing that the average citizen of this town is more likely than ever to become a victim of a violent crime.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
|
[
"In general, persons under the age of 65 are less likely to be victims of violent crimes than persons over the age of 65.",
"In response to worries about violent crime, the town has recently opened a community center providing supervised activities for teenagers.",
"The town's overall crime rate appears to have risen slightly this year compared to the same period last year.",
"As a result of the town's community outreach programs, more people than ever are willing to report violent crimes to the proper authorities."
] |
2,373
| 2
|
Sandstorm is a disastrous weather phenomenon with the interaction between wind and sand, and its formation is inextricably related to Greenhouse Effect of the earth, El Ni n o phenomenon, sharp forest decline, vegetation destruction, species extinction, climate anomaly and so on. Among them, excessive exploitation of natural resources, excessive felling of trees and over-reclamation of land caused by population expansion are the main causes of sandstorms. As a kind of high-intensity wind-blown sand disaster, sandstorm can not occur in all windy places. Only those areas with arid climate and sparse vegetation are likely to have sandstorm. The floating soil on the surface of bare land is easy to be swept up by a big storm to form a sandstorm or even a strong sandstorm. Sandstorms are no less harmful to people, animals and buildings than typhoons and tornadoes. In recent years, sandstorms have occurred in Northwest China and even Northeast China, especially in Northwest China, which have been ravaged more than 20 times.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the original meaning?
|
[
"The formation of sandstorm is closely related to a variety of natural and man-made factors",
"Excessive felling of trees is one of the main causes of sandstorms",
"Sandstorm is a high-intensity wind and sand disaster, which is more harmful to human beings, animals and buildings than typhoons and tornadoes",
"In recent years, the northwest region has suffered from sandstorms many times"
] |
2,322
| 2
|
Movies and television will strongly inhibit readers free imagination of texts. Compared with movies, novels are more like comics. On the one hand, comics can teach people how to define characters and objects in a few strokes; on the other hand, there is a relationship between comic scenes The squares represent the content omitted by the cartoonist, and at the same time let us notice the creator's ability to conceive and frame the scene. When reading a novel, these scenes (squares) will be connected by the reader to form a whole story.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is the text intended to illustrate?
|
[
"There are many similarities between novels and comics",
"Novels pay more attention to the integrity of the plot",
"The novel leaves room for readers to imagine freely",
"Comics are more expressive than movies and novels"
] |
3,867
| 1
|
Phobias refers to a patient's intense fear of a particular object or situation or of interacting with people,and take the initiative to avoid the way to relieve this anxiety.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is phobias?
|
[
"Xiao Hong has been afraid of bugs since childhood, and hides behind her parents when she sees bugs. Now xiao Hong is 20 years old, but she is still afraid of bugs and screams when she sees them",
"Xiao Zhang, a construction worker, once fell from a high fence and fractured his bone. Since then, he has been afraid of heights and changed his job. He moved his home to the ground floor and couldn't even watch TV programs about working at heights",
"Yu Yanyan is afraid of the dark. When it gets dark, she has to go home quickly, unless she goes to the night market with more lights. If he wanted to go to a dark place, he had to have someone with him",
"Liu Liu is a very introverted person, a stranger will blush, if the opposite sex is serious, even words can not say, so she is particularly afraid of social occasions, every time the organization of activities she is very nervous"
] |
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