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0123811461c07911793950c1a636e73a | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Maria-de-Areilza | José Maria de Areilza | José Maria de Areilza
… and the new foreign minister, José Maria de Areilza, who wished to “open” the regime by limited democratization from above, and the “bunker” mentality of nostalgic Francoists. Although Arias Navarro promised liberalization in a February 1974 speech, he eventually sided with the hard-line Francoi... |
2627492c2020315fba1e325b3d0b513c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Maria-de-Eca-de-Queiros | José Maria de Eça de Queirós | José Maria de Eça de Queirós
José Maria de Eça de Queirós, shared pseudonym Carlos Fradique Mendes, (born November 25, 1845, Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal—died August 16, 1900, Paris, France), novelist committed to social reform who introduced naturalism and realism to Portugal. He is considered to be one of the greatest ... |
7126578472ba5d5cc8167339e2f2131e | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Maria-Lemus | José María Lemus | José María Lemus
José María Lemus (1956–60), continued these programs, but there was no improvement in the living standards of workers. When faced with open discontent, Lemus resorted to repressive measures, and a military coup deposed him in October 1960.
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80b9f2bb60a26d434897d8e52a9ccb11 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Maria-Reina-Barrios | José María Reina Barrios | José María Reina Barrios
His nephew José María Reina Barrios was president of Guatemala from 1892 until his assassination in 1898.
When President José María Reina Barrios was assassinated in 1898, Estrada Cabrera was appointed provisional president and then elected president. He served his first term respecting the con... |
b4ebc60c85f2499fda7ac11638368de5 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Martinez-de-Hoz | José Martínez de Hoz | José Martínez de Hoz
…civilian from an old family, José Martínez de Hoz, became economy minister, but, keen as he was to deregulate the economy, the armed forces were equally determined to keep control. Annual inflation dropped in 1976–82 from about 600 to 138 percent—a more manageable but still distended level. Argent... |
138239df53ef2d58d6b06ca28e9d8804 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Miguel-Gomez | José Miguel Gómez | José Miguel Gómez
…government to the Liberal president, José Miguel Gómez. Meanwhile, Cuba’s economy grew steadily, and sugar prices rose continually until the 1920s.
They were José Miguel Gómez (1909–13), Mario García Menocal (1913–21), and Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso (1921–25). During this period the U.S. interfered twic... |
97da6b4818349421917fc9ae84bc6c77 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Pedro-Crisologo-Marmol | José Mármol | José Mármol
José Mármol, (born Dec. 2, 1817, Buenos Aires, Arg.—died Aug. 9, 1871, Buenos Aires), Argentine poet and novelist whose outspoken denunciation in verse and prose of the Argentine dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas earned him the title of “verdugo poético de Rosas” (“poetic hangman of Rosas”), and whose best-kn... |
249f407f202c47f72f64b6d152bd0ba0 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Santos-Zelaya | José Santos Zelaya | José Santos Zelaya
José Santos Zelaya, (born Nov. 1, 1853, Managua, Nicaragua—died May 17, 1919, New York, N.Y., U.S.), Nicaraguan politician and dictator from 1893 to 1910, noted for his hostility toward the United States and for his effort to unify Central America in 1907. During his rule he all but monopolized hi... |
788dab7fa40c926178c0fbabe3706484 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Sarria | José Sarria | José Sarria
José Sarria, in full José Julio Sarria, also called Absolute Empress I, the Widow Norton, Empress José I, and the Nightingale of Montgomery Street, (born December 12, 1922, San Francisco, California, U.S.—died August 19, 2013, Los Ranchos de Albuquerque, New Mexico), Latino American drag performer and poli... |
d8ebac274406586eb17abfa64cf1dec1 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Tadeo-Monagas | José Tadeo Monagas | José Tadeo Monagas
José Tadeo Monagas; he was imprisoned and forced into exile in 1850. He returned to Venezuela during another period of civil unrest in the late 1850s, and in 1861–63 he ruled as a severely repressive dictator, only to be forced again into exile. Páez spent…
…head in 1848 by General José Tadeo Monagas... |
894c25b73b772cf9ee5b0b2b5ebf37a9 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Tomas-Boves | José Tomás Boves | José Tomás Boves
…the llaneros (cowboys) led by José Tomás Boves into an undisciplined but savagely effective cavalry that Bolívar was unable to repulse. Boves subjected Creole patriots to terrible atrocities, and his capture of Caracas and other principal cities ended the second Venezuelan republic. Narrowly escaping ... |
5b1e12a70bd8049e7909a5f44163b8a1 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Torres | José Torres | José Torres
José Torres, byname Chegui, (born May 3, 1936, Ponce, Puerto Rico—died Jan. 19, 2009, Ponce), Puerto Rican professional boxer, world light heavyweight (175 pounds) champion, 1965–66.
Torres was a member of the 1956 U.S. Olympic boxing team and a silver medalist in the light middleweight (71 kg, or 156.5 po... |
27bd283ed35e8e713f13b6fcd29eb1f4 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Zorrilla-y-Moral | José Zorrilla y Moral | José Zorrilla y Moral
José Zorrilla y Moral, (born Feb. 21, 1817, Valladolid, Spain—died Jan. 23, 1893, Madrid), poet and dramatist, the major figure of the nationalist wing of the Spanish Romantic movement. His work was enormously popular and is now regarded as quintessentially Spanish in style and tone.
After study... |
306fd176a6e5a1bcff8f3225ab59318b | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josef-Albers | Josef Albers | Josef Albers
Josef Albers, (born March 19, 1888, Bottrop, Ger.—died March 25, 1976, New Haven, Conn., U.S.), painter, poet, sculptor, teacher, and theoretician of art, important as an innovator of such styles as Colour Field painting and Op art.
From 1908 to 1920 Albers studied painting and printmaking in Berlin, Esse... |
10df0e4f07ee38cd726b95a90fc3a9fe | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josef-Guggenmos | Josef Guggenmos | Josef Guggenmos
…multitalented James Krüss, and especially Josef Guggenmos, whose lyric simplicity at times recalls Blake. Guggenmos also has to his credit a translation of A Child’s Garden of Verses, in itself an original work of art.
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785373ae693262719b57d7265bb403cc | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josef-Johann-Mildner | Josef Johann Mildner | Josef Johann Mildner
…glassware decorated by Johann Josef Mildner (1763–1808) in the Zwischengoldgläser (q.v.) technique of bonding gold-leaf engravings or etchings between two layers of glass, one of which fits precisely into the other. Mildner, who worked at the Gutenbrunn glasshouse in Austria, is best known for his... |
0bd10289140c5184325f2ef44cc693fc | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josef-Jungmann | Josef Jungmann | Josef Jungmann
Josef Jungmann set out to extend and modernize the Czech vocabulary through his translations (including John Milton’s Paradise Lost, 1811) and his monumental Czech-German dictionary (1835–39). The revival was also furthered by the Moravian historian František Palacký and the Slovak archaeologist Pavel Jo... |
6564d597b45734c43eb41d90439dde3d | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josef-Koudelka | Josef Koudelka | Josef Koudelka
Josef Koudelka, (born January 10, 1938, Boskovice, Moravia, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic]), Czech-born French photographer known best for his black-and-white images of Europe’s itinerant Roma people.
Koudelka graduated from the Czech Technical University in Prague in 1961 with a degree in aeronaut... |
f70a62b89e2c4a5ce9cd691855b24616 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josef-Kramer | Josef Kramer | Josef Kramer
Josef Kramer, byname Beast of Belsen, German Bestie von Belsen, (born 1906—died Dec. 13, 1945, Hameln, Ger.), German commander of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (1944–45), notorious for his cruelty.
Joining the Nazi Party on Dec. 1, 1931, Kramer volunteered for the SS the following year. He served... |
7b8d74d8fe1dd28a8b6c2e7e6e283f71 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josep-Maria-Sert | Josep Maria Sert | Josep Maria Sert
Josep Maria Sert, in full Josep Maria Sert i Badia, Spanish José María Sert y Badía, (born Dec. 21, 1874, Barcelona, Spain—died Nov. 27, 1945, Barcelona), Catalan painter whose modern Baroque murals achieved international recognition. His work adorns the walls of buildings including the assembly hal... |
6390145914e010329655ebe9fed46d27 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Achille-Le-Bel | Joseph-Achille Le Bel | Joseph-Achille Le Bel
Joseph-Achille Le Bel, (born Jan. 21, 1847, Péchelbronn, France—died Aug. 6, 1930, Paris), French chemist whose explanation of why some organic compounds rotate the plane of polarized light helped to advance stereochemistry.
Le Bel studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris and was an assistan... |
d339b4596afdb2f5fea799ff1e56e3d7 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Antoine-Ferdinand-Plateau | Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau | Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau
…devices, invented by the Belgian Joseph Plateau in 1832, was the phenakistoscope, a spinning cardboard disk that created the illusion of movement when viewed in a mirror. In 1834 William George Horner invented the zoetrope, a rotating drum lined by a band of pictures that could be chan... |
ece443351c8a7bc9948de891646a4e10 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Babalola | Joseph Babalola | Joseph Babalola
…expansion occurred when a prophet-healer, Joseph Babalola (1906–59), became the centre of a mass divine-healing movement in 1930. Yoruba religion was rejected, and pentecostal features that had been suppressed under U.S. influence were restored. Opposition from traditional rulers, government, and missi... |
63b53b6885c479cf048ff4f4dfb6f153 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-biblical-figure | Joseph | Joseph
Joseph, in the Old Testament, son of the patriarch Jacob and his wife Rachel. As Jacob’s name became synonymous with all Israel, so that of Joseph was eventually equated with all the tribes that made up the northern kingdom. According to tradition, his bones were buried at Shechem, oldest of the northern shrin... |
6944e6d1ea659be55b3f5c7412cb2440 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Black | Joseph Black | Joseph Black
Joseph Black, (born April 16, 1728, Bordeaux, France—died Nov. 10, 1799, Edinburgh, Scot.), British chemist and physicist best known for the rediscovery of “fixed air” (carbon dioxide), the concept of latent heat, and the discovery of the bicarbonates (such as bicarbonate of soda). Black lived and worked ... |
27e3461d5952501963fd3182ede519ed | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Bodin-de-Boismortier | Joseph Bodin de Boismortier | Joseph Bodin de Boismortier
Joseph Bodin de Boismortier, (born Dec. 23, 1689, Thionville, France—died Oct. 28, 1755, Roissy-en-Brie), prolific French composer of instrumental and vocal music. He spent his late childhood and early adult years in Metz and Perpignan, France, then moved to Paris about 1723. In 1724 he se... |
231d9f3799f6257c302c185c793fc222 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Bonaparte | Joseph Bonaparte | Joseph Bonaparte
Joseph Bonaparte, original Italian Giuseppe Buonaparte, (born January 7, 1768, Corte, Corsica—died July 28, 1844, Florence, Tuscany, Italy), lawyer, diplomat, soldier, and Napoleon I’s eldest surviving brother, who was successively king of Naples (1806–08) and king of Spain (1808–13).
Like his brother... |
28190f50fa0e45e95999c962527c939a | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Booth | Joseph Booth | Joseph Booth
…of an egalitarian fundamentalist missionary, Joseph Booth. Though proud and independent-minded, Chilembwe was eager to learn from whites and to believe the best of them. In 1897 Booth took him to the United States, where Chilembwe received a degree from a black theological college. When he returned to Nya... |
9d8cf9eed47b0fc655ed86d14ce3f0ad | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Caillaux | Joseph Caillaux | Joseph Caillaux
Joseph Caillaux, in full Joseph-marie-auguste Caillaux, (born March 30, 1863, Le Mans, France—died Nov. 22, 1944, Mamers), French statesman who was an early supporter of a national income tax and whose opposition to World War I led to his imprisonment for treason in 1920.
The son of Eugène Caillaux, w... |
161c9c5feeae27ce156760313b6be471 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Canteloube | Joseph Canteloube | Joseph Canteloube
Joseph Canteloube, (born October 21, 1879, Annonay, France—died November 4, 1957, Paris), French composer, pianist, and folk-song collector best known for his compositions that evoke the landscape of his native region.
Cantaloube studied with Vincent d’Indy from 1901; under this influence he traveled... |
85cdb38c6f36d8ae787da1455bf7070e | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Chamberlain | Joseph Chamberlain | Joseph Chamberlain
Joseph Chamberlain, (born July 8, 1836, London, Eng.—died July 2, 1914, London), British businessman, social reformer, radical politician, and ardent imperialist. At the local, national, or imperial level, he was a constructive radical, caring more for practical success than party loyalty or ideolog... |
352ca340c70757106117a49a47037357 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Charles-Marin | Joseph-Charles Marin | Joseph-Charles Marin
…included the sculptors Joseph Chinard, Joseph-Charles Marin, Antoine-Denis Chaudet, and Baron François-Joseph Bosio. The early sculpture of Ingres’s well-known contemporary François Rude was Neoclassical.
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d167a3509ce39f9becec55a2332c8db1 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Colombo | Joseph Colombo | Joseph Colombo
Joseph Colombo, in full Joseph A. Colombo, Sr., (born June 16, 1923, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.—died May 22, 1978, Newburgh, New York), major organized crime boss in Brooklyn who founded an Italian-American Civil Rights League to deflect government investigations of his activities.
Brooklyn-born, Colombo ... |
e3f69cce30038609c5496c639720a9db | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-De-Mambro | Joseph De Mambro | Joseph De Mambro
…and New Age lecturer, and Joseph De Mambro. Its headquarters was later moved to Zürich, where a leadership council of 33 members presided, and regional lodges were set up to perform initiation ceremonies and other rites in Switzerland, Canada, and elsewhere.
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ca68d329b910ad833549173077391680 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Dennie | Joseph Dennie | Joseph Dennie
Joseph Dennie, (born Aug. 30, 1768, Boston, Mass. [U.S.]—died Jan. 7, 1812, Philadelphia, Pa.), essayist and editor who was a major literary figure in the United States in the early 19th century.
Dennie graduated from Harvard College in 1790 and spent three years as a law clerk before being admitted to t... |
120aa94debf0ebbee2c96c705ef789e2 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Estrada | Joseph Estrada | Joseph Estrada
Joseph Estrada, original name Joseph Ejercito, (born April 19, 1937, Manila, Philippines), Filipino actor and politician who served as president of the Philippines (1998–2001) and later mayor of Manila (2013–19).
The son of a government engineer, Estrada entered the Mapua Institute of Technology with th... |
79f9ef2b728e3d6e1042f83b5d18b4fe | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Farwell-Glidden | Joseph Farwell Glidden | Joseph Farwell Glidden
Joseph Farwell Glidden, (born Jan. 18, 1813, Charlestown, N.H., U.S.—died Oct. 9, 1906, De Kalb, Ill.), American inventor of the first commercially successful barbed wire, which was instrumental in transforming the Great Plains of western North America.
Glidden attended Middlebury (Vt.) Academy... |
50d2529476d2a7ef4aa5d85b96956c54 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Ferdinand | Joseph Ferdinand | Joseph Ferdinand
…death of Charles II, Prince Joseph Ferdinand, son of the elector of Bavaria, should inherit Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the Spanish colonies. Spain’s Italian dependencies would be detached and partitioned between Austria (to be awarded the Duchy of Milan) and France (Naples and Sicily). In Feb... |
710099441e78c3d754b19f9ea0ec8084 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Glanvill | Joseph Glanvill | Joseph Glanvill
Joseph Glanvill, Glanvill also spelled Glanvil, (born 1636, Plymouth, Devon, Eng.—died Nov. 4, 1680, Bath, Somerset), English self-styled Skeptic and apologist for the Royal Society who defended the reality of witchcraft and ghosts and the preexistence of the soul. Thereby, according to some, he init... |
14e4573fa11b7cba99fdf7488371b9cf | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Gordon-Levitt | Joseph Gordon-Levitt | Joseph Gordon-Levitt
…task: longtime associate Arthur (Joseph Gordon-Levitt), master manipulator Eames (Tom Hardy), chemist Yusuf (Dileep Rao), and “architect” Ariadne (Ellen Page), who is in charge of creating the dreamscapes the team will occupy. In order to plant the idea, Cobb and his crew must descend through seve... |
d330e15bc8a00b8f80346c6031c8350f | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-H-Woodger | Joseph H. Woodger | Joseph H. Woodger
Woodger has done in The Axiomatic Method in Biology (1937) and Clark Hull (for psychology) in Principles of Behaviour (1943). See also axiom.
…the British biologist and logician Joseph Woodger (1894–1981), attempted to formalize the principles of biology—to derive them by deduction from a limited numb... |
7b69a08eace01ec84f5913b9b68dff99 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Hall | Joseph Hall | Joseph Hall
Joseph Hall, (born July 1, 1574, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire, Eng.—died Sept. 8, 1656, Higham, Norfolk), English bishop, moral philosopher, and satirist, remarkable for his literary versatility and innovations.
Hall’s Virgidemiarum: Six Books (1597–1602; “A Harvest of Blows”) was the first English s... |
14675f612f3b46c0e8110c624376e1ba | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Hansen | Joseph Hansen | Joseph Hansen
Joseph Hansen, (born July 19, 1923, Aberdeen, South Dakota, U.S.—died November 24, 2004, Laguna Beach, California), American writer, author of a series of crime novels featuring the homosexual insurance investigator and detective Dave Brandstetter.
Hansen, who also wrote under the pseudonyms Rose Brock a... |
b053a64d364c04938491e2fa2e549cb5 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Haydn | Joseph Haydn | Joseph Haydn
Joseph Haydn, in full Franz Joseph Haydn, (born March 31, 1732, Rohrau, Austria—died May 31, 1809, Vienna), Austrian composer who was one of the most important figures in the development of the Classical style in music during the 18th century. He helped establish the forms and styles for the string quarte... |
7da615026af6acfddead88c0a94f5fff | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Jacques-Cesaire-Joffre | Joseph-Jacques-Césaire Joffre | Joseph-Jacques-Césaire Joffre
Joseph-Jacques-Césaire Joffre, (born Jan. 12, 1852, Rivesaltes, Fr.—died Jan. 3, 1931, Paris), commander in chief (1914–16) of the French armies on the Western Front in World War I, who won fame as “the Victor of the Marne.”
After graduating from the École Polytechnique, he took part as... |
69c89b761567862bde1762c41002873c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Kabila | Joseph Kabila | Joseph Kabila
Joseph Kabila, (born June 4, 1971, Sud-Kivu province, Democratic Republic of the Congo), army official and politician who was president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 2001 until 2019.
Kabila, the son of Congolese rebel leader Laurent Kabila, was largely raised and educated in Tanzania. He f... |
94d77860b877fb8805e2a841eb02f63e | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Keppler | Joseph Keppler | Joseph Keppler
Joseph Keppler, (born February 1, 1838, Vienna, Austria—died February 19, 1894, New York, New York, U.S.), Austria-born American caricaturist and founder of Puck, the first successful humorous weekly in the United States.
Keppler studied art in Vienna. Following the Revolution of 1848, his father emigra... |
cf83c7eb4b32808807734f942dc7c3a9 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Kimhi | Joseph Kimhi | Joseph Kimhi
Joseph Kimhi, Kimhi also spelled Kimchi, Kimḥi, or Qimḥi, also called Maistre Petit, or Rikham (an acronym of Rabbi Joseph Kimhi), (born c. 1105, Spain—died c. 1170, Narbonne?, Fr.), European grammarian, biblical exegete, and poet who, with his sons, Moses and David, made fundamental contributions to esta... |
6988c0ea7c107c2e256c9a69f87abfb3 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-L-Goldstein | Joseph L. Goldstein | Joseph L. Goldstein
Joseph L. Goldstein, in full Joseph Leonard Goldstein, (born April 18, 1940, Sumter, S.C., U.S.), American molecular geneticist who, along with Michael S. Brown, was awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their elucidation of the process of cholesterol metabolism in the human b... |
9d5e7394ee2cfa3982e0f89c6422c9cc | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Lauder | Joseph Lauder | Joseph Lauder
She married Joseph Lauter (last name later changed to Lauder), whom she divorced in 1939 and remarried in 1942. Together they founded Estée Lauder, Inc., in 1946. Their first six beauty products included skin treatments, a rouge, and a makeup base. When no agency would handle their…
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3af19ff7b872c34f3267c9a6359cc052 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Louis-Cardinal-Bernardin | Joseph Louis Cardinal Bernardin | Joseph Louis Cardinal Bernardin
…to John Cardinal Cody and Joseph Cardinal Bernardin. He was ordained auxiliary bishop of Chicago on December 13, 1982, and installed as bishop of Belleville, Illinois, on February 10, 1994.
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c8649ebdf8a6c215f5071dbfcbf95c9e | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Mallalieu | Joseph Mallalieu | Joseph Mallalieu
Joseph Mallalieu, in full Sir Joseph Percival William Mallalieu, (born June 18, 1908, Delph, Yorkshire, England—died March 13, 1980, Boarstall, Buckinghamshire), British politician who was successively minister of defense for the Royal Navy (1966–67), minister of state at the Board of Trade (1967–68),... |
d50f4a4d5f0aab37dd50eb40c785eac6 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Marie-Vien | Joseph-Marie Vien | Joseph-Marie Vien
…placed in the studio of Joseph-Marie Vien, a history painter who catered to the growing Greco-Roman taste without quite abandoning the light sentiment and the eroticism that had been fashionable earlier in the century. At age 18, the obviously gifted budding artist was enrolled in the school of the R... |
a0d531a67830b268eefef602bdfb8e5c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Redlich | Joseph Redlich | Joseph Redlich
Joseph Redlich, (born June 18, 1869, Göding, Bohemia [now Hodonín, Czech Republic]—died Nov. 12, 1936, Vienna, Austria), Austrian statesman and historian who was an influential politician before and during World War I (1914–18) and wrote important works on local government and parliamentary institution... |
0729d5f9e9968d0d0db37652980ef57b | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Valentin-Boussinesq | Joseph Valentin Boussinesq | Joseph Valentin Boussinesq
…space by the French mathematician Joseph Valentin Boussinesq and the Italian mathematician Valentino Cerruti. The Prussian mathematician Leo August Pochhammer analyzed the vibrations of an elastic cylinder, and Lamb and the Prussian physicist Paul Jaerisch derived the equations of general vi... |
0df55d86734c990d0b8a8009a59c0596 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Weber | Joseph Weber | Joseph Weber
American physicist Joseph Weber announced in 1969 that he detected gravity waves by measuring the change in length of two aluminum bars. Gravity waves are a disturbance in space-time and thus change distances when they pass by. However, no one could replicate Weber’s result. Weiss believed that…
…gravity w... |
aae0090789751449ce74c7b7eee3b4c1 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Wheeler | Joseph Wheeler | Joseph Wheeler
Joseph Wheeler, (born September 10, 1836, near Augusta, Georgia, U.S.—died January 25, 1906, Brooklyn, New York), Confederate cavalry general during the American Civil War.
Wheeler entered the U.S. cavalry from West Point in 1859 but soon resigned to enter the Confederate service. He commanded a brigade... |
fdc9623d5cc1d9714124736880bdf567 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Williamson-British-publisher | Sir Joseph Williamson | Sir Joseph Williamson
Along with Sir Joseph Williamson, publisher of the London Gazette, Muddiman for several years had a virtual monopoly on news publishing under King Charles II.
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43d13459fb8b501ee1e38fa452a31265 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Wiseman | Joseph Wiseman | Joseph Wiseman
No (Joseph Wiseman), who owns a bauxite mine off the island’s coast. After arriving in Kingston, Bond meets CIA agent Felix Leiter (Jack Lord), who, with the help of local boatman Quarrel (John Kitzmiller), has been investigating Dr. No. After several attempts on Bond’s life, he…
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8e3b70954abccf67e2102afd40a8cdb9 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Wolpe | Joseph Wolpe | Joseph Wolpe
…by the South African psychiatrist Joseph Wolpe of his technique of systematically desensitizing patients with phobias, beginning by exposing them to the least-feared object or situation and gradually progressing to the most-feared. Behavioral therapies were more quickly adopted in Europe than in the Unite... |
f2b731aa1de42a0b783d9c855d054679 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Wood-Krutch | Joseph Wood Krutch | Joseph Wood Krutch
Joseph Wood Krutch, (born Nov. 25, 1893, Knoxville, Tenn., U.S.—died May 22, 1970, Tucson, Ariz.), American naturalist, conservationist, writer, and critic.
Krutch attended the University of Tennessee (B.A., 1915) and Columbia University, N.Y. (M.A., 1916; Ph.D., 1923). He served in the army (1918)... |
cab9e97dd0e2afe41c9900f783ef3597 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Yozel-Baron-Gunzburg | Joseph, Baron Günzburg | Joseph, Baron Günzburg
Joseph, Baron Günzburg, (born 1812, Vitebsk, Russia—died Jan. 12, 1878, Paris), Jewish philanthropist, banker, and financier who contributed much to the industrialization of 19th-century Russia and who successfully fought some of the discriminatory measures against Jews in Russia. His son Horac... |
252f942aa0ee6231e019953039464d7f | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josephine | Joséphine | Joséphine
Joséphine, original name Marie-Josèphe-Rose Tascher de La Pagerie, also called (1779–96) vicomtesse de Beauharnais or (1796–1804) Joséphine Bonaparte, (born June 23, 1763, Trois-Îlets, Martinique—died May 29, 1814, Malmaison, France), consort of Napoleon Bonaparte and empress of the French.
Joséphine, the el... |
84a74e15626809293dc635a492128dca | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josephine-Wilson | Josephine Wilson | Josephine Wilson
…founder (with his wife, actress Josephine Wilson) of the Mermaid Theatre, the first new theatre to open in the City of London since the 17th century.
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8c63223bf82d3e4afcdc17aa1dddf3b7 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josh-White | Josh White | Josh White
Guthrie, Muddy Waters, Josh White, and Burl Ives. In 1938 he made a series of recordings with the jazz pianist Jelly Roll Morton. From 1951 to 1958 he was in Europe, recording hundreds of folk songs in Great Britain, Italy, and Spain.
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433547c1e165953a89f8d86b0bb76ce0 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joshua-Bell | Joshua Bell | Joshua Bell
Joshua Bell, (born December 9, 1967, Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.), American musician whose technical accomplishments and versatility in classical and popular music made him one of the most successful and critically lauded violinists in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Bell received his first violin a... |
17df75b77f5375424b31efabe840a247 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joshua-Logan | Joshua Logan | Joshua Logan
Joshua Logan, in full Joshua Lockwood Logan III, (born October 5, 1908, Texarkana, Texas, U.S.—died July 12, 1988, New York, New York), American stage and motion-picture director, producer, and writer. Best known as the stage director who brought to Broadway such classics as Charley’s Aunt (1940), Annie G... |
5bf01f14ea9ac1dd7f4026f1031684be | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joshua-Nkomo | Joshua Nkomo | Joshua Nkomo
Joshua Nkomo, in full Joshua Mqabuko Nyongolo Nkomo, (born June 19, 1917, Semokwe Reserve, Matabeleland, Rhodesia [now Zimbabwe]—died July 1, 1999, Harare, Zimbabwe), Black nationalist in Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia), who, as leader of the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU), was Prime Minister and the... |
8161fcd85633ccb4b8522f10e2e30607 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joshua-Slocum | Joshua Slocum | Joshua Slocum
Joshua Slocum, (born Feb. 20, 1844, Wilmot, Nova Scotia, Can.—died 1909/10, at sea), Canadian seaman and adventurer who was the first man in recorded history to sail around the world singlehandedly.
Slocum joined the crew of a merchant vessel at 16 and from that time on spent most of his life at sea. In... |
0e1e9bf3b6227636a112abda0cd24e0d | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josiah | Josiah | Josiah
Josiah, also spelled Josias, (born c. 648 bce—died 609), king of Judah (c. 640–609 bce), who set in motion a reformation that bears his name and that left an indelible mark on Israel’s religious traditions (2 Kings 22–23:30).
Josiah was the grandson of Manasseh, king of Judah, and ascended the throne at age eig... |
aba1ac323c839103066f8bf42a7612bf | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josiah-Gorgas | Josiah Gorgas | Josiah Gorgas
Josiah Gorgas, (born July 1, 1818, Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, U.S.—died May 15, 1883, Tuscaloosa, Alabama), army officer who directed the production of armaments for the Confederacy during the American Civil War.
Born and raised in poverty, Gorgas had to put work before education as a youth. He won an... |
a610efd347480ad58963ad76a91c276a | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josiah-Winslow | Josiah Winslow | Josiah Winslow
Josiah Winslow, (born c. 1629, Plymouth colony [now Plymouth, Mass., U.S.]—died December 18, 1680, Marshfield, Plymouth colony), British-American military leader and governor of the Plymouth colony who established the colony’s first public school.
Josiah Winslow was the son of Governor Edward Winslow, a... |
1bc3f720b98b24d146dc4da47aa7abc9 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jovian | Jovian | Jovian
Jovian, Latin in full Flavius Jovianus, (born c. 331, Singidunum, Moesia Superior [now Belgrade, Serb.]—died Feb. 17, 364, Dadastana, Bithynia [in present-day Turkey]), Roman emperor from 363 to 364.
Jovian took part in the expedition of the emperor Julian against Sāsānian Persia. He held the rank of senior st... |
afe87eff8013620a1cc3d6963d91034e | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joy-Adamson | Joy Adamson | Joy Adamson
Joy Adamson, née Joy-Friederike Victoria Gessner, (born Jan. 20, 1910, Troppau, Silesia, Austria-Hungary [now Opava, Czech Republic]—died Jan. 3, 1980, Shaba National Reserve, Kenya), conservationist who pioneered the movement to preserve African wildlife.
Following an education in Vienna, she relocated to... |
442018671b4ed9c678f6e57c7a766491 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joy-Batchelor | Joy Batchelor | Joy Batchelor
After art school Batchelor became a commercial artist and met Halas in 1936 while working on Music Man (1938). They later married and in 1940 established Halas and Batchelor Animation, Ltd., which became the largest cartoon film studio in Great Britain.
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3142114f16e6b0f02c4ece2971f96ad2 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joyce-Kilmer | Joyce Kilmer | Joyce Kilmer
Joyce Kilmer, (born Dec. 6, 1886, New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.—died July 30, 1918, near Seringes, Fr.), American poet known chiefly for his 12-line verse entitled “Trees.”
He was educated at Rutgers and Columbia universities. His first volume of verse, Summer of Love (1911), showed the influence of William... |
4369fb5a3b8d109fe41077f2633c4d35 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joyce-Wethered | Joyce Wethered | Joyce Wethered
Joyce Wethered, married name Lady Heathcoat-Amory, (born November 17, 1901, Brook, Surrey, England—died November 18, 1997, London), golfer who was widely regarded as the greatest British woman player of her day.
Wethered and her brother Roger, who tied for the British Open title in 1921 but lost the pla... |
dd3eedc3144215b688eef660e922f9d4 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jozef-Cardinal-Glemp | Jozef Cardinal Glemp | Jozef Cardinal Glemp
…auspices of the church—Józef Cardinal Glemp succeeded Wyszyński as primate—resulted in a “negotiated revolution.” Solidarity was restored and participated in partly free elections in June 1989 that brought it a sweeping victory.
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6f826d0fb053e98241a014b7d88adeb2 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jozef-Chlopicki | Józef Chłopicki | Józef Chłopicki
Józef Chłopicki, in full Grzegorz Józef ChŁopicki, (born March 14, 1771, Kapustynie, Volhynia, Pol. [now in Ukraine]—died Sept. 30, 1854, Kraków, Pol., Austrian Empire [now in Poland]), general who served with distinction with the armies of Napoleon and was briefly the dictator of Poland after the Nov... |
4f81d915270c330247966572dd582e2a | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jozef-Pilsudski | Józef Piłsudski | Józef Piłsudski
Józef Piłsudski, in full Józef Klemens Piłsudski, (born December 5, 1867, Żułów, Poland, Russian Empire [now in Lithuania]—died May 12, 1935, Warsaw, Poland), Polish revolutionary and statesman, the first chief of state (1918–22) of the newly independent Poland established in November 1918. After leadi... |
0f753bb97096d71012780d59b5ab1247 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jozef-Wittlin | Józef Wittlin | Józef Wittlin
Józef Wittlin, (born August 17, 1896, Dmytrów, Austria-Hungary [now Dmytriv, Ukraine]—died February 28, 1976, New York, New York, U.S.), Polish novelist, essayist, and poet, an Expressionist noted for his humanist views.
Having graduated from a classical gimnazjum in Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine), Wittlin stu... |
e128beccd7b30c87a2c0cf4475bfb977 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jozef-Zachariasz-Bem | Józef Zachariasz Bem | Józef Zachariasz Bem
Józef Zachariasz Bem, also called Murad Pasha, (born March 14, 1794, Tarnów, Galicia [now in Poland]—died Dec. 10, 1850, Aleppo, Syria), Polish army general whose military feats in Transylvania and the region of Banat made him a hero of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848–49. He was the author of tr... |
4d035cbe8426ba29e27f192b6ab531cf | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jozsef-Antall | József Antall | József Antall
József Antall, (born April 8, 1932, Budapest, Hung.—died Dec. 12, 1993, Budapest), politician and prime minister of Hungary from 1990 until his death in 1993.
Antall was the son of a government official who aided Polish refugees and Jews during World War II. Trained as a history teacher, archivist, libra... |
ad67c1dfaf47efc57bf997f5783b0d54 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jozsef-Katona | József Katona | József Katona
József Katona, (born Nov. 11, 1791, Kecskemét, Hung., Austrian Habsburg domain [now in Hungary]—died April 16, 1830, Kecskemét), Hungarian lawyer and playwright whose historical tragedy Bánk bán achieved its great reputation only after his death.
A lawyer, Katona was also interested in the stage and wro... |
dda09e45710291f4a4700fc82965cbf4 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Alfonso-de-Baena | Juan Alfonso de Baena | Juan Alfonso de Baena
…the king by the poet Juan Alfonso de Baena, anthologized 583 poems (mostly courtly lyrics) by 55 poets from the highest nobles to the humblest versifiers. The collection showed not merely the decadence of Galician-Portuguese troubadours but also the stirrings of more-intellectual poetry incorpora... |
77f4e1aeb6d41a3de21b12a2b6f9b893 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Alvarez | Juan Álvarez | Juan Álvarez
Juan Álvarez, (born 1790, Concepción de Atoyac, Mex.—died Aug. 21, 1867, Acapulco), revolutionary leader for more than 40 years, before and after the end of Spanish rule, and provisional president of Mexico in 1855.
A landowner of mestizo ancestry, Álvarez in 1811 joined José María Morelos in an unsucces... |
aa67717aa9e2c6c8a7a2cf3210d89b91 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Bautista-Alberdi | Juan Bautista Alberdi | Juan Bautista Alberdi
Juan Bautista Alberdi, (born August 29, 1810, San Miguel de Tucumán, Río de la Plata [now in Argentina]—died June 19, 1884, Paris, France), Argentine political thinker whose writings influenced the assembly that drew up the constitution of 1853.
Alberdi was one of the best-known of the “Generatio... |
03a19cfb2662a2601eadde1d1db0cdb3 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Bautista-Egidiano | Juan Bautista Egidiano | Juan Bautista Egidiano
…project, which was attributed to Juan Bautista Egidiano, a Flemish Jesuit active in Cuzco from 1642 to 1676, created a typology that was the origin of what was later designated the Cuzco style. This style is defined by the placement of twin bell towers on an austere square base that…
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edf56b0283eb4ea6b316544435e09878 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Borgia | Juan Borgia | Juan Borgia
His son Juan was made duke of Gandía (Spain) and was married to Maria Enriquez, the cousin of King Ferdinand IV of Castile; Jofré was married to Sancia, the granddaughter of the king of Naples; and Lucrezia was given first to Giovanni Sforza of Milan, and, when…
…gone to his younger brother Juan, and it was... |
44d737e6b1ad0e6c4103ed59f24b598a | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Boscan | Juan Boscán | Juan Boscán
Juan Boscán, original name Joan Boscà I Almogàver, (born c. 1490, Barcelona, Aragon [Spain]—died Sept. 21, 1542, Barcelona), Catalan poet who wrote exclusively in Castilian and adapted the Italian hendecasyllable to that language.
Though a minor poet, Boscán is of major historical importance because of hi... |
2e93f6e55264c9816862eac18f7363c5 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-de-Ayolas | Juan de Ayolas | Juan de Ayolas
…party from Buenos Aires under Juan de Ayolas and Domingo Martínez de Irala, lieutenants of Mendoza, pushed a thousand miles up the Plata and Paraguay rivers. Ayolas was lost on an exploring expedition, but Irala founded Asunción (now in Paraguay) among the Guaraní, a largely settled agricultural people.... |
3ed6309010b160462d2d7ba35cd69ee1 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-de-Herrera | Juan de Herrera | Juan de Herrera
Juan de Herrera, (born c. 1530, Mobellán, Spain—died January 15, 1597, Madrid), architect, principal designer of the monumental Escorial, a structure that expressed the ideals of imperial Spain in the 16th century. Serving as the royal inspector of monuments, he witnessed the imitation of the Herreran ... |
5f126d33bd843c45748bfdefe96c582e | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-de-la-Cierva | Juan de la Cierva | Juan de la Cierva
Juan de la Cierva, in full Juan de la Cierva Codorniu, (born September 21, 1895, Murcia, Spain—died December 19, 1936, London, England), Spanish aeronautical engineer who invented the autogiro, an aircraft in which lift is provided by a freely rotating rotor and which served as the forerunner of the ... |
c9d19f64f18982582cbc382b553bca7c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-de-Padilla | Juan de Padilla | Juan de Padilla
Juan de Padilla, (born 1490?, Toledo, Castile—died April 24, 1521, Villalar, Spain), aristocratic Spanish military leader of the Castilian Comunidades (Comuneros) in their unsuccessful revolt (1520–21) against the government of the Habsburg emperor Charles V (King Charles I of Spain).
Padilla was a mem... |
6799e87f3220a2768ba12eb6e8828e94 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Goytisolo | Juan Goytisolo | Juan Goytisolo
Juan Goytisolo, (born January 5, 1931, Barcelona, Spain—died June 4, 2017, Marrakech, Morocco), Spanish novelist, short-story writer, and essayist whose early Neorealist work evolved into avant-garde fiction using structuralist and formalist techniques.
A young child when his mother was killed during th... |
81a94d1100d46cb1892cb44ce11878ac | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Guas | Juan Guas | Juan Guas
Juan Guas, Guas also spelled Was, (born, Lyon—died c. 1496, Toledo, Spain), architect, the central figure of the group of Spanish architects who developed the Isabelline (q.v.) style, a combination of medieval structure, Mudéjar (Spanish Muslim) ornament, and Italian spatial design. Considered the finest ar... |
65a0f595d724da578ef7ea463342b11d | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Idiarte-Borda | Juan Idiarte Borda | Juan Idiarte Borda
…ended when the Colorado president, Juan Idiarte Borda, was killed by an assassin not associated with the Blancos. Although conflicts between Colorados and Blancos continued to impede economic development, by 1900 Uruguay’s population grew to one million—a 13-fold increase over the level of 1830. The... |
4bfb201f263bdbd7ff79b1e8c6a173e2 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Jose-de-Austria | Juan José de Austria | Juan José de Austria
Juan José de Austria, English John Joseph of Austria, (born April 7, 1629, Madrid, Spain—died September 17, 1679, Madrid), the most famous of the illegitimate children of King Philip IV of Spain. He served with some success as a Spanish military commander and from 1677 until his death was chief mi... |
ba0b7acb2636ecc04969dfb38f52f53f | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Lavalle | Juan Lavalle | Juan Lavalle
…Rosas opposed the new governor, Juan Lavalle. Rosas reconvened the former legislature, which elected him governor on Dec. 5, 1829. As head of the Federalist Party, Rosas was opposed by Lavalle’s unitarios (centralists). Although it appeared that he could remain in office after his three-year term, he deci... |
9384bb81b6d37795521251effb000eec | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Lechin | Juan Lechín | Juan Lechín
…alliance brought the labour leader Juan Lechín into the MNR. After several unsuccessful revolts, each more violent than the preceding one, the MNR finally overthrew the military regime in April 1952. During this struggle armed workers, civilians, and peasants almost totally destroyed the army.
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