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34791b14ea7cc44e155a3e5e7e4252b7 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-G-Carlisle | John G. Carlisle | John G. Carlisle
John G. Carlisle, in full John Griffin Carlisle, (born September 5, 1835, Campbell county, Kentucky, U.S.—died July 31, 1910, New York City, New York), lawyer, legislator, and government official. He served as speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives (1883–89) and secretary of the Treasury (1893–9... |
b3f0969021be06b54f1a9d8543ccbad9 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Galliano | John Galliano | John Galliano
John Galliano, in full John Charles Galliano, (born November 28, 1960, Gilbraltar), British fashion designer known for his ready-to-wear and haute-couture collections for such fashion houses as Christian Dior, Givenchy, and Maison Margiela.
Galliano, the son of a Spanish plumber, at age six moved with hi... |
c3e0ffcc256346c745d755d30e856c66 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-George-Bartholomew | John George Bartholomew | John George Bartholomew
John George Bartholomew, (born March 22, 1860, Edinburgh, Scotland—died April 13, 1920, Cintra, Portugal), cartographer and map and atlas publisher who improved the standards of British cartography and introduced into Great Britain the use of contours and systematic colour layering to show reli... |
6dc3952df1279deaf2f8128783bb2a39 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-George-III | John George III | John George III
John George III, (born June 20, 1647, Dresden, Saxony [Germany]—died September 12, 1691, Tübingen, Württemberg), elector of Saxony (1680–91).
He forsook the vacillating foreign policy of his father, John George II, and in June 1683 joined an alliance against France. Having raised the first standing arm... |
62dd6f5ee24f09f234f3c270120cabe2 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Gilbert-American-actor | John Gilbert | John Gilbert
John Gilbert, original name John Cecil Pringle, (born July 10, 1899, Logan, Utah, U.S.—died January 9, 1936, Los Angeles, Calif.), romantic leading man of the silent era, known as the “Great Lover.” In retrospect, his acting career has been overshadowed by his identification as the tragic star who failed ... |
33af3b43fe4a22c65e0f8afa892e8456 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Goodlad | John Goodlad | John Goodlad
John Goodlad, in full John Inkster Goodlad, (born August 19, 1920, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada—died November 29, 2014, Seattle, Washington, U.S.), Canadian-born educator and author who, as a critic of the U.S. educational system, argued that the fundamental focus of education should not be o... |
d22b546d97a4a70510a505689c41a07c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Gould | John Gould | John Gould
John Gould, (born Sept. 14, 1804, Lyme Regis, Dorsetshire, Eng.—died Feb. 3, 1881, London), English ornithologist whose large, lavishly illustrated volumes on birds commanded ever-mounting prices among bibliophiles.
Gould learned taxidermy at Windsor Castle, where his father was foreman of gardeners. In 18... |
6c250d8917b278acce5182e5233df73b | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Greenleaf-Whittier | John Greenleaf Whittier | John Greenleaf Whittier
John Greenleaf Whittier, (born December 17, 1807, near Haverhill, Massachusetts, U.S.—died September 7, 1892, Hampton Falls, New Hampshire), American poet and abolitionist who, in the latter part of his life, shared with Henry Wadsworth Longfellow the distinction of being a household name in b... |
544f6aa88e1a595ac3221e09696c292c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Grisham | John Grisham | John Grisham
John Grisham, (born February 8, 1955, Jonesboro, Arkansas, U.S.), American writer, attorney, and politician whose legal thrillers often topped best-seller lists and were adapted for film. Grisham became one of the fastest-selling writers of modern fiction.
Grisham grew up in Southaven, Mississippi. After ... |
296100debfdd44ae356f81ea6cd88cf9 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Gully | John Gully | John Gully
John Gully, (born August 21, 1783, Wick, Gloucestershire, England—died March 9, 1863, Durham, Durham), prizefighter, racehorse fancier, and politician, a major personage of the 19th-century British sporting world.
In 1805, having failed as a butcher, Gully was in prison for his debts when he was visited by... |
85415fb60df7e88955ac674f9402f548 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Gunther | John Gunther | John Gunther
John Gunther, (born Aug. 30, 1901, Chicago—died May 29, 1970, New York City), journalist and author who became famous for his series of sociopolitical books describing and interpreting for American readers various regions of the world, beginning with Inside Europe (1936).
Gunther attended the University ... |
6ea9bacfe903bad776fa5b0265195f93 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Halas-and-Joy-Batchelor | John Halas and Joy Batchelor | John Halas and Joy Batchelor
John Halas and Joy Batchelor, (respectively, born April 16, 1912, Budapest, Hungary—died Jan. 20/21, 1995, London, England; born May 12, 1914, Watford, Hertfordshire, England—died May 14, 1991, London), British husband-and-wife production team, noted for their influential animated films.
H... |
bddfd422ed01409e86dd42b36ce79f54 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Hall-English-educator | John Hall | John Hall
John Hall, (born August 1627, Durham, County Durham, Eng.—died Aug. 1, 1656, Durham), educational reformer in Cromwellian England.
Educated at St. John’s College, Cambridge, and Gray’s Inn, London, Hall became associated as a young man with the circle of reformers around Samuel Hartlib. He was also a friend... |
d62729c659db9455d9bae5eb162d7de4 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Hammond | John Hammond | John Hammond
John Hammond, in full John Henry Hammond, Jr., (born December 15, 1910, New York, New York, U.S.—died July 10, 1987, New York), American record producer, promoter, talent scout, and music critic who discovered and promoted several major figures of popular music, from Count Basie and Billie Holiday in the ... |
d20c51bfc3f212fea611f605f298900e | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Hawkwood | Sir John Hawkwood | Sir John Hawkwood
Sir John Hawkwood, Italian byname Giovanni Acuto, (born c. 1320, Sible Hedingham, Essex, Eng.—died March 16/17, 1394, Florence [Italy]), mercenary captain who for 30 years played a role in the wars of 14th-century Italy.
The son of a tanner, Hawkwood chose a soldier’s career, serving in the French w... |
11151db891116a6f63af10c685fb0754 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Hay-Whitney | John Hay Whitney | John Hay Whitney
John Hay Whitney, byname Jock Whitney, (born August 17, 1904, Ellsworth, Maine, U.S.—died February 8, 1982, Manhasset, New York), American multimillionaire and sportsman who had a multifaceted career as a publisher, financier, philanthropist, and horse breeder.
Whitney was born into a prominent family... |
221e3009a9cf74cae18c23bc76f4c8d5 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Hays-Hammond | John Hays Hammond | John Hays Hammond
John Hays Hammond, (born March 31, 1855, San Francisco—died June 8, 1936, Gloucester, Mass., U.S.), U.S. mining engineer who helped develop gold mining in South Africa and California.
In 1880 he was engaged by the U.S. Geological Survey for a study of the California goldfields; afterward, as a consu... |
1bf9c3539070d3f56c68d3883c3cad0b | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Held-Jr | John Held, Jr. | John Held, Jr.
John Held, Jr., (born Jan. 10, 1889, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.—died March 2, 1958, Belmar, N.J.), cartoonist whose work epitomized the “jazz age” of the 1920s in the United States.
At the age of 16 he was drawing sports and political cartoons for the Salt Lake Tribune, and at 19 he sold his first cart... |
84b8c430d7f2fd04002fae6b60b83e65 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Henry-Anderson | John Henry Anderson | John Henry Anderson
John Henry Anderson, (born July 14, 1814, Craigmyle, Aberdeen, Scot.—died Feb. 5, 1874, Darlington, Durham, Eng.), Scottish conjurer and actor, the first magician to demonstrate and exploit the value of advertising.
Described on playbills as “Professor Anderson, the Wizard of the North,” he first ... |
121820104e32ea2d69be5a69d7473047 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Henry-Dallmeyer | John Henry Dallmeyer | John Henry Dallmeyer
John Henry Dallmeyer, (born Sept. 6, 1830, Loxten, Westphalia [Germany]—died Dec. 30, 1883, at sea off New Zealand), British inventor and manufacturer of lenses.
Showing an aptitude for science, Dallmeyer was apprenticed to an Osnabrück optician, and in 1851 he went to London, where he obtained w... |
da66827343186ef689b3c326a65994d1 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Henry-Holland | John Henry Holland | John Henry Holland
John Henry Holland, (born February 2, 1929, Fort Wayne, Indiana, U.S.—died August 9, 2015, Ann Arbor, Michigan), one of the pioneering theorists in nonlinear mathematics and the use of new mathematical techniques in understanding problems in disciplines as diverse as economics, biology, and computer... |
5c9b5248a978cc16f755e760c1312fc5 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Henry-Lloyd | John Henry Lloyd | John Henry Lloyd
John Henry Lloyd, (born April 15/25, 1884, Palatka, Florida, U.S.—died March 19, 1964/65, Atlantic City, New Jersey), American baseball player and manager in the Negro leagues, considered one of the greatest shortstops in the game.
Lloyd’s well-traveled Negro league career began in 1905, when he was a... |
35ae7257cfabe9930e5c8b434ec6afe9 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Henry-Poynting | John Henry Poynting | John Henry Poynting
John Henry Poynting, (born September 9, 1852, Monton, Lancashire, England—died March 30, 1914, Birmingham, Warwickshire), British physicist who introduced a theorem that assigns a value to the rate of flow of electromagnetic energy known as the Poynting vector.
He was a professor of physics at Maso... |
da5edf8d09a66fe3c6d3dfc6697fe075 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Henry-Twachtman | John Henry Twachtman | John Henry Twachtman
John Henry Twachtman, (born August 4, 1853, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.—died August 8, 1902, Gloucester, Massachusetts), painter and etcher, one of the first American Impressionists.
Twachtman went to Munich, Germany, in 1875 to study painting and adopted the broad brushwork and warm, dark colouring of... |
fc4bc13a086248fc617b0a90eeda61f2 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Henry-Wigmore | John Henry Wigmore | John Henry Wigmore
John Henry Wigmore, (born March 4, 1863, San Francisco, California, U.S.—died April 20, 1943, Chicago, Illinois), American legal scholar and teacher whose 10-volume Treatise on the Anglo-American System of Evidence in Trials at Common Law (1904–05), usually called Wigmore on Evidence, is generally r... |
3fa6d362c54a6eeba2adec0453ba732f | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Henry-Williams | John Henry Williams | John Henry Williams
John Henry Williams, (born June 21, 1887, Wales—died Dec. 24, 1980, Southbridge, Mass., U.S.), American economist, banker, and government adviser who achieved world renown as an expert on international trade.
Williams was educated at Brown University and Harvard, where he obtained his Ph.D. (1919)... |
3ac36b843aa744b37c473366b8ae478b | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Hersey | John Hersey | John Hersey
John Hersey, in full John Richard Hersey, (born June 17, 1914, Tientsin, China—died March 24, 1993, Key West, Fla., U.S.), American novelist and journalist noted for his documentary fiction about catastrophic events in World War II.
Hersey lived in China, where his father was a secretary for the Young Men... |
5e0b5d7af4637c6da395d532be20789c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Hewson | John Hewson | John Hewson
…secretary for Liberal Party leader John Hewson in 1990. When the Liberals were defeated in 1993 in an election that they were widely expected to win, Hewson became a pariah within the party, and Abbott found himself out of work. From 1993 to 1994 he served as executive director for…
…being with their losin... |
611c042d64b17f3a4d1f46d3ca7acffa | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Holt | John Holt | John Holt
John Holt, in full John Caldwell Holt, (born April 14, 1923, New York, New York, U.S.—died September 14, 1985, Boston, Massachusetts), American critic of public education who became one of the most-prominent advocates for homeschooling in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Raised in New England, Holt graduated ... |
4afe6da231fad85c4e6481b2646649be | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Howard-Northrop | John Howard Northrop | John Howard Northrop
John Howard Northrop, (born July 5, 1891, Yonkers, N.Y., U.S.—died May 27, 1987, Wickenberg, Ariz.), American biochemist who received (with James B. Sumner and Wendell M. Stanley) the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1946 for successfully purifying and crystallizing certain enzymes, thus enabling him... |
58db97badc94c1138950fc01c4f53904 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Hunt-Morgan | John Hunt Morgan | John Hunt Morgan
John Hunt Morgan, (born June 1, 1825, Huntsville, Alabama, U.S.—died September 4, 1864, Greeneville, Tennessee), Confederate guerrilla leader of “Morgan’s Raiders,” best known for his July 1863 attacks in Indiana and Ohio—the farthest north a Confederate force penetrated during the American Civil War.... |
bc0d416fe4ffb4f2c4452e2496d845c0 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Hurt | John Hurt | John Hurt
John Hurt, in full Sir John Vincent Hurt, (born January 22, 1940, Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England—died January 25, 2017, Cromer, Norfolk), British actor known for his insightful and sensitive portrayals of damaged or eccentric characters.
Hurt, whose father was an Anglican minister, grew up in northern Eng... |
91d30996871ef04982db929d44204d6c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-I-Albert | John I Albert | John I Albert
John I Albert, Polish Jan Olbracht, (born Dec. 27, 1459, Kraków, Pol.—died June 17, 1501, Toruń), king of Poland and military leader whose reign marked the growth of Polish parliamentary government.
The second son of King Casimir IV of Poland and Elizabeth of Habsburg, John Albert received a comprehensi... |
b495e838e1d17a4c60f95418294503f3 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-I-king-of-Aragon | John I | John I
John I, (born Dec. 27, 1350—died May 16, 1395), king of Aragon (1387–1395), son of Peter IV. Influenced by his wife, Violante, he pursued a pro-French policy but refused to become involved in the Hundred Years’ War. He died by a fall from his horse, like his namesake, cousin, and contemporary of Castile, John... |
6323441e88a742480436b93cad23ea70 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-I-of-Brabant | John I of Brabant | John I of Brabant
…militarily and sold them to John I of Brabant. After five years of war against Reinald and his ally, John was victorious. Limburg was united with Brabant under his rule but maintained its separate institutions and laws. In 1430 the duchy of Limburg was united with the rest of the…
…during the 13th ce... |
a24b16e68c9cf08117e6e8e5ae8933e1 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-I-Tzimisces | John I Tzimisces | John I Tzimisces
John I Tzimisces, (born 925—died Jan. 10, 976, Constantinople), Byzantine emperor (969–976) whose extension of Byzantine influence into the Balkans and Syria and maintenance of domestic tranquillity assured the prestige and stability of the empire for his immediate successors.
Descended from an arist... |
25bf82263e2ca00ff8250e62a3013c58 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-II-king-of-Aragon-and-Navarre | John II | John II
John II, (born 1398, Medina del Campo, Leon—died 1479, Barcelona), king of Aragon (1458–79) and also king of Navarre (1425–79); he was the instigator of the union of Castile and Aragon through the historic marriage of his son Ferdinand with Isabella of Castile.
John was a younger son of Ferdinand of Antequer... |
032c1a68238538d14d8fdcf6dd52825b | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-II-king-of-France | John II | John II
John II, byname John the Good, French Jean le Bon, (born April 16, 1319, near Le Mans, Fr.—died April 8, 1364, London), king of France from 1350 to 1364. Captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers on Sept. 19, 1356, he was forced to sign the disastrous treaties of 1360 during the first phase of the Hu... |
7dee37fa24147079c27f038d8f2095da | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-king-of-Denmark-Norway-and-Sweden | John | John
John, Danish Hans, (born June 5, 1455, Denmark—died Feb. 20, 1513, Ålborg, Den.), king of Denmark (1481–1513) and Norway (1483–1513) and king (as John II) of Sweden (1497–1501) who failed in his efforts to incorporate Sweden into a Danish-dominated Scandinavian union. He was more successful in fostering the com... |
c2f26c74325093206c231e1f5b7f70a5 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-king-of-Scotland-1250-1313 | John | John
John, also called John De Balliol, or Baliol, (born c. 1250—died April 1313, Château Galliard, Normandy, Fr.), king of Scotland from 1292 to 1296, the youngest son of John de Balliol and his wife Dervorguilla, daughter and heiress of the lord of Galloway.
His brothers dying childless, he inherited the Balliol la... |
88b12fea49b0f5c5a9796d23dfd04903 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Knowles-Paine | John Knowles Paine | John Knowles Paine
John Knowles Paine, (born Jan. 9, 1839, Portland, Maine, U.S.—died April 25, 1906, Cambridge, Mass.), composer and organist, the first American to win wide recognition as a composer and the first professor of music at an American university.
After a thorough musical grounding in Portland, Paine com... |
32adda86148eae6a3a32aba439467d5d | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-L-Hall | John L. Hall | John L. Hall
John L. Hall, (born 1934, Denver, Colo., U.S.), American physicist, who shared one-half of the 2005 Nobel Prize for Physics with Theodor W. Hänsch for their contributions to the development of laser spectroscopy, the use of lasers to determine the frequency (colour) of light emitted by atoms and molecules... |
7684818a239b7cb9d5f4797668aa8ad3 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-L-Worden | John L. Worden | John L. Worden
John L. Worden, (born March 12, 1818, Westchester county, N.Y., U.S.—died Oct. 18, 1897, Washington, D.C.), U.S. naval officer who commanded the Union warship Monitor against the Confederate Virginia (formerly Merrimack) in the first battle between ironclads (March 9, 1862) in the American Civil War (1... |
7751dbe1a57c61917d44f82b1137ad7f | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-La-Farge | John La Farge | John La Farge
John La Farge, (born March 31, 1835, New York, New York, U.S.—died November 14, 1910, Providence, Rhode Island), American painter, muralist, and stained-glass designer.
After graduating from St. Mary’s College in Maryland, La Farge studied law, but in 1856 he went to Europe to study art. He worked indepe... |
a0db022f25d5c6f8715bc6bd01c400fa | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Laird-Mair-Lawrence-1st-Baron-Lawrence | John Laird Mair Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence | John Laird Mair Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence
John Laird Mair Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence, (born March 4, 1811, Richmond, Yorkshire, England—died June 27, 1879, London), British viceroy and governor-general of India whose institution in the Punjab of extensive economic, social, and political reforms earned him the sob... |
08baffcc71c817c2fc4aedee64633948 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Langalibalele-Dube | John Langalibalele Dube | John Langalibalele Dube
John Langalibalele Dube, (born February 22, 1871, near Inanda Mission Station, Natal [now in South Africa]—died February 11, 1946, Umhlanga, Natal, South Africa), South African minister, educator, journalist, and author of Insila ka Shaka (1930; Jeqe, the Bodyservant of King Shaka), the first n... |
854d605767349ebf1b9a5f5b7c99271c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Lascaris-Greek-scholar | John Lascaris | John Lascaris
John Lascaris, also called Janus Lascaris, (born c. 1445, Constantinople, Byzantine Empire [now Istanbul, Turkey]—died c. 1535, Rome, Papal States [Italy]), Greek scholar and diplomat whose career shows the close connections that linked political interests and humanist effort before the Protestant Reform... |
2e47b92131ac84338587ede771d37777 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-LeConte | John LeConte | John LeConte
…initiated by the American scientist John LeConte, who in the 1850s developed a technique for observing the existence of ultrasonic waves with a gas flame. This technique was later used by the British physicist John Tyndall for the detailed study of the properties of sound waves. The piezoelectric effect, ... |
f3cd452f1b444b0038d6328b39876500 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Leech | John Leech | John Leech
John Leech, (born Aug. 29, 1817, London, Eng.—died Oct. 29, 1864, London), English caricaturist notable for his contributions to Punch magazine.
Leech was educated at Charterhouse, where he met William Makepeace Thackeray, who was to be his lifelong friend. He then began to study medicine but soon drifted ... |
b6c22ed74584491ce20ff52c8f24a654 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Lehmann | John Lehmann | John Lehmann
John Lehmann, in full John Frederick Lehmann, (born June 2, 1907, Bourne End, Buckinghamshire, Eng.—died April 7, 1987, London), English poet, editor, publisher, and man of letters whose book-periodical New Writing and its successors were an important influence on English literature from the mid-1930s th... |
7915e1f0aa1a45bb30b9a3eedab3184f | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Leland | John Leland | John Leland
John Leland, Leland also spelled Leyland, (born c. 1506, London—died April 18, 1552, London), chaplain and librarian to King Henry VIII. He was the earliest of a notable group of English antiquarians.
Leland was educated at St. Paul’s School and Christ’s College, Cambridge (B.A., 1522), later studying at A... |
384710d9f8eaa56d4a438eb76487d2e3 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Leslie-Scottish-physicist-and-mathematician | Sir John Leslie | Sir John Leslie
Sir John Leslie, (born April 10, 1766, Largo, Fife, Scot.—died Nov. 3, 1832, Coates), Scottish physicist and mathematician who first created artificial ice.
In 1802 Leslie’s explanation of capillary action was the first that is consistent with present-day theory. Two years later he published An Experi... |
48fb1d58ad34d28d34e842f554a2f46c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Lewis-American-musician | John Lewis | John Lewis
John Lewis, in full John Aaron Lewis, (born May 3, 1920, La Grange, Illinois, U.S.—died March 29, 2001, New York, New York), American jazz pianist and composer-arranger who was an influential member of the Modern Jazz Quartet, one of the longest-lived and best-received groups in jazz history.
Reared in New ... |
4129e0d3a27b6f093b7dfad5001c9b46 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Lindley | John Lindley | John Lindley
John Lindley, (born February 5, 1799, Old Catton, Norfolk, England—died November 1, 1865, London), British botanist whose attempts to formulate a natural system of plant classification greatly aided the transition from the artificial (considering the characters of single parts) to the natural system (cons... |
97f64cf6608f43c351093c5c6bc737ca | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Lloyd-Stephens | John Lloyd Stephens | John Lloyd Stephens
John Lloyd Stephens, (born Nov. 28, 1805, Shrewsbury, N.J., U.S.—died Oct. 12, 1852, New York City), American traveler and archaeologist whose exploration of Maya ruins in Central America and Mexico (1839–40 and 1841–42) generated the archaeology of Middle America.
Bored with the practice of law a... |
e80f6020a5e8012de19f795e87399a28 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-M-Chivington | John M. Chivington | John M. Chivington
John M. Chivington.
John M. Chivington then determined to take matters into his own hands, reportedly hoping that a victory over the Indians would jump-start his political career. Camped near Sand Creek, Colorado Territory, were about 500 Cheyenne and Arapaho followers of Black Kettle, who was known ... |
a8e507ae926b85877cd3ddbf9993ad9f | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Maitland-Duke-of-Lauderdale | John Maitland, duke of Lauderdale | John Maitland, duke of Lauderdale
John Maitland, duke of Lauderdale, (born May 24, 1616, Lethington [now Lennoxlove], East Lothian, Scotland—died August 20/24, 1682, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England), one of the chief ministers of King Charles II of England (reigned 1660–85); he earned notoriety for his repressive rule ... |
a185e53ac2eab6f9b4043ff7cdf6a0e6 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Marshall-Harlan-United-States-jurist-1833-1911 | John Marshall Harlan | John Marshall Harlan
John Marshall Harlan, (born June 1, 1833, Boyle County, Ky., U.S.—died Oct. 14, 1911, Washington, D.C.), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1877 until his death and one of the most forceful dissenters in the history of that tribunal. His best known dissents favoured the rig... |
42454f228fc4fe91dcfa337e3dc46da3 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Marston | John Marston | John Marston
John Marston, (baptized Oct. 7, 1576, Oxfordshire, Eng.—died June 25, 1634, London), English dramatist, one of the most vigorous satirists of the Shakespearean era, whose best known work is The Malcontent (1604), in which he rails at the iniquities of a lascivious court. He wrote it, as well as other majo... |
9946062e5aaf923b80be3d6849ef8543 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Martin-American-dance-critic | John Martin | John Martin
…The New York Times engaged John Martin (he became a full-time critic the following year).
John Martin, the 20th-century dance critic, almost ignored the formal aspect of dance in emphasizing its role as a physical expression of inner emotion. In doing so, he betrayed his own sympathy toward the Expressioni... |
e79971166a01d496071ed611cb4d541c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Maynard-Keynes | John Maynard Keynes | John Maynard Keynes
John Maynard Keynes, (born June 5, 1883, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England—died April 21, 1946, Firle, Sussex), English economist, journalist, and financier, best known for his economic theories (Keynesian economics) on the causes of prolonged unemployment. His most important work, The General The... |
e7058e8fd4a4e94c1020be72b38e0b46 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-McEnroe | John McEnroe | John McEnroe
John McEnroe, in full John Patrick McEnroe, Jr., (born February 16, 1959, Wiesbaden, West Germany [now in Germany]), American tennis player who established himself as a leading competitor in the late 1970s and the ’80s. He also was noted for his poor behaviour on court, which resulted in a number of fines... |
546761a8ff2953475c6bcec43fe5f901 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-McLean | John McLean | John McLean
John McLean, (born March 11, 1785, Morris county, N.J., U.S.—died April 4, 1861, Cincinnati, Ohio), cabinet member and U.S. Supreme Court justice (1829–61) whose most famous opinion was his dissent in the Dred Scott decision (1857). He was also perhaps the most indefatigable seeker of the presidency in U.S... |
a1fb3ea665cc36ad73fcca3b71f198d8 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Middleton-Murry | John Middleton Murry | John Middleton Murry
John Middleton Murry, (born August 6, 1889, London, England—died March 13, 1957, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk), English journalist and critic whose romantic and biographical approach to literature ran counter to the leading critical tendencies of his day. He wrote at least 40 books and a large body o... |
9f3348e45c78e0f7f7e9fe2999a0a900 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Milton | John Milton | John Milton
John Milton, (born December 9, 1608, London, England—died November 8?, 1674, London?), English poet, pamphleteer, and historian, considered the most significant English author after William Shakespeare.
John Milton (1608–74) is considered the most significant English writer after William Shakespeare. His e... |
0a47f73dbdbca863c995ae5c1eac477c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mitchell-Mason | John Mitchell Mason | John Mitchell Mason
John Mitchell Mason, (born March 19, 1770, New York City—died Dec. 26, 1829, New York City), U.S. minister and educator, who is best known for his work in raising standards of Protestant theological education in the U.S. He also was noted for his prowess as an orator.
Mason developed a plan for th... |
d52990715288eb552aff98cb1996bd8a | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Money | John Money | John Money
For example, American psychologist John Money considered the social environment to be of overriding importance in gender identity. In treating children whose sex was ambiguous at birth, such as those with underdeveloped genitalia, he recommended that they be raised according to the parents’ initial perceptio... |
0cd2667cbe86f6b9124372166915088d | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Moresby | John Moresby | John Moresby
…charted and individually named by Capt. John Moresby of HMS Basilisk in 1873. Copra is produced in fertile coastal patches.
John Moresby, who named it after Commodore James Graham Goodenough. During World War II it was occupied by Japanese troops for several months in 1942 and then captured by Allied forc... |
862496d045fbe972d7d5bd98d086ed9b | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mortimer | Sir John Mortimer | Sir John Mortimer
Sir John Mortimer, in full Sir John Clifford Mortimer, (born April 21, 1923, Hampstead, London, Eng.—died Jan. 16, 2009, near Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, Eng.), English barrister and writer who wrote plays for the stage, television, radio, and motion pictures, as well as novels and autobiographica... |
aeba087138018a0aaf7aa4892c9322c4 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Morton | John Morton | John Morton
John Morton, (born c. 1420, Bere Regis or Milborne St. Andrew, Dorset, Eng.—died Oct. 12, 1500, Knole, Kent), archbishop of Canterbury and cardinal, one of the most powerful men in England in the reign of King Henry VII.
During the Wars of the Roses between the houses of York and Lancaster, Morton favoure... |
4bbb6631ca7a437412317b8ae60375f1 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mundy | John Mundy | John Mundy
John Mundy, (born c. 1555—died June 29, 1630, Windsor, Berkshire, England), organist and composer of choral and keyboard music. The son of the composer William Mundy, he was an organist at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor. He received a bachelor of music degree at the University of Oxford in 1586 and the docto... |
dc4d451281b94ca7a43f69eb96909839 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Napier-Turner | John Napier Turner | John Napier Turner
John Napier Turner, (born June 7, 1929, Richmond, Surrey, England—died September 18, 2020, Toronto, Canada), Canadian lawyer and politician who in June 1984 succeeded Pierre Elliott Trudeau as head of the Liberal Party and prime minister of Canada. In general elections of September of the same year,... |
dab9902f24b8e0149c95eac9fa6f69c2 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Nevil-Maskelyne | John Nevil Maskelyne | John Nevil Maskelyne
John Nevil Maskelyne, (born December 22, 1839, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England—died May 18, 1917, London), British magician whose inventions and patronage of new performers greatly influenced the development of the art of producing illusions by sleight of hand.
Trained as a watchmaker, Maskel... |
7418e1f04f2685c593323a35b2073cbf | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-of-Ephesus | John of Ephesus | John of Ephesus
John of Ephesus, also called John of Asia, (born c. 507, near Amida, Mesopotamia—died 586 or 588, Chalcedon, Bithynia, Asia Minor), miaphysite bishop of Ephesus, who was a foremost early historian and leader of miaphysites in Syria (see Syriac Orthodox Church).
A Syrian monk, he became a deacon at Amid... |
1b4d74f4acb7e80da58fadff8c899e84 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Oliver-Killens | John Oliver Killens | John Oliver Killens
John Oliver Killens, (born January 14, 1916, Macon, Georgia, U.S.—died October 27, 1987, Brooklyn, New York), American writer and activist known for his politically charged novels—particularly Youngblood (1954)—and his contributions to the Black Arts movement and as a founder of the Harlem Writers ... |
9901a9f5317ea03117beb8df74ce5da9 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Parker-Hale | John Parker Hale | John Parker Hale
John Parker Hale, (born March 31, 1806, Rochester, N.H., U.S.—died Nov. 19, 1873, Dover, N.H.), American lawyer, senator, and reformer who was prominent in the antislavery movement.
Educated at Phillips Exeter Academy and Bowdoin College, Hale went on to study law and was admitted to the bar in 1830.... |
eda0472f27dbb06ccd57b0e3edfff845 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Paul-I | John Paul I | John Paul I
John Paul I, Latin Johannes Paulus, original name Albino Luciani, (born October 17, 1912, Forno di Canale, Italy—died September 28, 1978, Rome), pope whose 33-day pontificate in 1978 was the shortest in modern times. He was the first pope to choose a double name and did so in commemoration of his two immed... |
4e9caae43a8390c2b8d6017326873125 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Paul-Jones-British-musician | John Paul Jones | John Paul Jones
…1948, West Bromwich, West Midlands), John Paul Jones (original name John Baldwin; b. January 3, 1946, Sidcup, Kent), and John Bonham (b. May 31, 1948, Redditch, Hereford and Worcester—d. September 25, 1980, Windsor, Berkshire).
|
47a5dcaf504de2ff10ac7d4a6ad4f764 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Peale-Bishop | John Peale Bishop | John Peale Bishop
John Peale Bishop, (born May 21, 1892, Charles Town, W.Va., U.S.—died April 4, 1944, Hyannis, Mass.), American poet, novelist, and critic, a member of the “lost generation” and a close associate of the American expatriate writers in Paris in the 1920s.
At Princeton University, from which he graduate... |
2201178f00c198a59534615fa2525d79 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Peel | John Peel | John Peel
John Peel, byname of John Robert Parker Ravenscroft, (born Aug. 30, 1939, Heswall, Cheshire, Eng.—died Oct. 25, 2004, Cuzco, Peru), popular British disc jockey who for nearly 40 years, beginning in mid-1960s, was one of the most influential tastemakers in rock music. Peel was renowned for discovering and cha... |
3bd2a3eb5b10e5eb919b7b9675c9d9f9 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Pehle | John Pehle | John Pehle
Under the direction of John Pehle, a Treasury Department lawyer who had worked to expose the State Department’s alleged cover-up of the Holocaust, the WRB set out to find a haven for rescued Jews. The board elicited statements from Roosevelt condemning the murder of Jews, drew up plans for…
|
d1789eb79aa482c605901a0d0a6d36d9 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Percy | John Percy | John Percy
John Percy, (born March 23, 1817, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England—died June 19, 1889, London), British metallurgist. He turned to metallurgy after obtaining a medical degree, and in 1848 he devised a process for extracting silver from its ores, which soon came into widespread use. He improved the Besse... |
3d6a726007b0c8bded41825f19e2ee44 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Perry-Barlow | John Perry Barlow | John Perry Barlow
John Perry Barlow, (born October 3, 1947, near Pinedale, Wyoming, U.S.—died February 7, 2018, San Francisco, California), American author, lyricist, and cyberspace activist who cofounded (1990) the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), which sought to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals in... |
44013f4c98bfbf2ef041fdac946fdd1c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Philip-Kemble | John Philip Kemble | John Philip Kemble
John Philip Kemble, (born Feb. 1, 1757, Prescot, Lancashire, Eng.—died Feb. 26, 1823, Lausanne, Switz.), popular English actor and manager of the Drury Lane and Covent Garden theatres in London, where his reforms improved the status of the theatrical profession. He played heavy dramatic roles in th... |
83de44ba19d468f4c211a6025e328cea | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Phillips-American-musician | John Phillips | John Phillips
The original members were John Phillips (b. August 30, 1935, Parris Island, South Carolina, U.S.—d. March 18, 2001, Los Angeles, California), Michelle Phillips (original name Holly Michelle Gilliam; b. April 6, 1944, Long Beach, California, U.S.), (“Mama”) Cass Elliot (original name Ellen Naomi Cohen; b. ... |
22795628c7b4e29d8b4c5f7ee6d99e51 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Pierpont-Morgan-Jr | John Pierpont Morgan, Jr. | John Pierpont Morgan, Jr.
John Pierpont Morgan, Jr., (born Sept. 7, 1867, Irvington, N.Y., U.S.—died March 13, 1943, Boca Grande, Fla.), American banker and financier, the head of the Morgan investment banking house after the death of his father, John Pierpont Morgan, Sr.
He graduated from Harvard University in 1889 ... |
ab41d062743ed8ce02dceeed9944e608 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Platyn | John Platyn | John Platyn
…already bribed the imperial exarch John Platyn, who first effected Paschal’s nomination against a minority favouring Theodore but who then approved the higher clergy’s candidate, Sergius, from whom he extorted the gold that Paschal originally promised. Sergius reluctantly paid and was consecrated on Decemb... |
1e8d3d886542ba98808b1483f6adf635 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Playford | John Playford | John Playford
John Playford, (born 1623, Norwich, Norfolk, Eng.—died November 1686?, London), English music publisher and bookseller whose popular and frequently expanded collection of music and dance steps remains the principal source of knowledge of English country dance steps and melodies. His book, The English Da... |
dece4bffec1efbb1c7851b1e623a8744 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Pope | John Pope | John Pope
John Pope, (born March 16, 1822, Louisville, Ky., U.S.—died Sept. 23, 1892, Sandusky, Ohio), Union general in the American Civil War who was relieved of command following the Confederate triumph at the Second Battle of Bull Run.
A graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1842, Pope served as a... |
16ffba096ba54fcf4e345aab0da3529a | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Quincy-Adams/Break-with-the-Federalists | Break with the Federalists | Break with the Federalists
Up to this time John Quincy Adams was regarded as belonging to the Federalist Party, but he found its general policy displeasing. He was frowned upon as the son of his father by the followers of Alexander Hamilton and by reactionary groups, and he soon found himself practically powerless as a... |
741b9a77dec498f2c05d6c79af776336 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Quincy-Adams/Second-career-in-Congress | Second career in Congress | Second career in Congress
Adams’s long second career in Congress was at least as important as his earlier career as a diplomat. Throughout, he was conspicuous as an opponent of the expansion of slavery and was at heart an abolitionist, though he never became one in the political sense of the word. In 1839 he presented ... |
8b55c1b52323df47a57e318bd2af5c7b | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Ray-British-Egyptologist | John Ray | John Ray
…analysis until 1981, when Egyptologist John Ray successfully exploited Carian-Egyptian bilingual tomb inscriptions to put decipherment on a sound basis. Subsequent analysis has confirmed the basic validity of Ray’s work, but many questions remain. The long-held suspicion that Carian is an Indo-European langua... |
697d804d1426b35285549c96ca4eee01 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Rich | John Rich | John Rich
John Rich, (born c. 1682—died Nov. 26, 1761, London, Eng.), English theatre manager and actor, the popularizer of English pantomime and founder of Covent Garden Theatre.
Rich was a manager by inheritance; he received a three-quarter share in Lincoln’s Inn Fields Theatre from his father, Christopher Rich, in... |
7116a89320b8749d941b3cc53a8887d6 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Russell-Bartlett | John Russell Bartlett | John Russell Bartlett
John Russell Bartlett, (born Oct. 23, 1805, Providence, R.I., U.S.—died May 28, 1886, Providence), bibliographer who made his greatest contribution to linguistics with his pioneer work, Dictionary of Americanisms: A Glossary of Words and Phrases, Usually Regarded as Peculiar to the United States... |
1290066948518765d80ba3198462906e | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Schofield | Schofield, John | Schofield, John
John Schofield at its head. Hood first engaged Schofield on November 29 at Spring Hill, Tennessee, just north of the Duck River. He intended to sever Schofield’s access to the Nashville road, but communication between Hood and his subordinates broke down and Schofield slipped past…
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baff02f11a31031aa46059cbbd21fd7f | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Scott-Haldane | John Scott Haldane | John Scott Haldane
John Scott Haldane, (born May 3, 1860, Edinburgh, Scot.—died March 14/15, 1936, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Eng.), British physiologist and philosopher chiefly noted for his work on the physiology of respiration.
Haldane developed several procedures for studying the physiology of breathing and the physio... |
b1b0f6e190a9aae761b981e4ff3f1be6 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Sealy-Townsend | Sir John Sealy Townsend | Sir John Sealy Townsend
Sir John Sealy Townsend, in full Sir John Sealy Edward Townsend, (born June 7, 1868, Galway, County Galway, Ireland—died February 16, 1957, Oxford, England), Irish physicist who pioneered in the study of electrical conduction in gases and made the first direct measurement of the unit electrical... |
11a3372542cb12abab38236f5d65446c | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Selden | John Selden | John Selden
John Selden, (born Dec. 16, 1584, Salvington, Sussex, Eng.—died Nov. 30, 1654, London), legal antiquarian, Orientalist, and politician who was the leading figure in the Antiquarian Society, the centre of English historical research during the 17th century.
Called to the bar in 1612, Selden practiced as a... |
cd64dc04c66a234db24f51e6a4e43bf2 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Shalikashvili | John Shalikashvili | John Shalikashvili
John Shalikashvili, in full John Malchase David Shalikashvili, (born June 27, 1936, Warsaw, Poland—died July 23, 2011, Tacoma, Washington, U.S.), U.S. Army officer who served as supreme allied commander of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces in Europe (1992–93) and as chairman of the Jo... |
8d2c46902f7d08b0601801a9e9dfe8ac | https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Sherman | John Sherman | John Sherman
John Sherman, (born May 10, 1823, Lancaster, Ohio, U.S.—died Oct. 22, 1900, Washington, D.C.), American statesman, financial administrator, and author of major legislation concerning currency and regulation of commerce.
A younger brother of General William Tecumseh Sherman, he practiced law in Ohio befo... |
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