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a2ec0df46dac81576eac9b972f883ae2 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/chinas-digital-services-trade-and-data-governance-how-should-the-united-states-respond/ | China’s digital services trade and data governance: How should the United States respond? | China’s digital services trade and data governance: How should the United States respond? China is the world’s second largest digital economy, second only to the United States, and leads the world in the value of many digital applications, including e-commerce and mobile payments. This extensive online activity by Chin... |
6b087faaf9172326321ece40eab01e0f | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/city-centered-investing-in-metropolitan-areas-to-build-the-next-economy/ | City Centered: Investing in Metropolitan Areas to Build the Next Economy | City Centered: Investing in Metropolitan Areas to Build the Next Economy With our recovery sluggish and our politics in rancorous free fall, the U.S. is on a desperate search to create jobs in the near term and retool the economy for the long haul. As Dorothy found in The Wizard of Oz, the answers surprisingly lie no f... |
6a57bce82e5f778ace77656df3840a97 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/clintons-strong-defense-legacy/ | Clinton’s Strong Defense Legacy | Clinton’s Strong Defense Legacy The notion that President Bill Clinton was a poor steward of the armed forces has become so commonly accepted that it is now often taken for granted—among moderates and independents as well as Republicans such as George W. Bush, who made the charge in the first place. The Clinton administ... |
8c56deea1a57bf6ed93e903c21708db8 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/contemporary-immigrant-gateways-in-historical-perspective/ | Contemporary Immigrant Gateways in Historical Perspective | Contemporary Immigrant Gateways in Historical Perspective This article focuses on settlement trends of immigrants during the periods that bookend the twentieth century, both eras of mass migration. It compares settlement patterns in both periods, describing old and new gateways, the growth of the immigrant population, ... |
dcd00da6035c6c9855018d23d2dd5e2f | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/corporate-warriors-the-rise-and-ramifications-of-the-privatized-military-industry/ | Corporate Warriors: The Rise and Ramifications of the Privatized Military Industry | Corporate Warriors: The Rise and Ramifications of the Privatized Military Industry A failing government trying to prevent the imminent capture of its capital, a regional power planning for war, a ragtag militia looking to reverse its battlefield losses, a peacekeeping force seeking deployment support, a weak ally attem... |
cfbcff25c0411eae04991943b0630f89 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/covid-19-has-given-the-2020-npt-review-conference-a-reprieve-lets-take-advantage-of-it/ | COVID-19 has given the 2020 NPT Review Conference a reprieve. Let’s take advantage of it. | COVID-19 has given the 2020 NPT Review Conference a reprieve. Let’s take advantage of it. Given the sharp differences among parties to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), especially on the pace of nuclear disarmament, it was widely assumed that the 2020 NPT Review Conference — originally scheduled to begin on Ap... |
c483095580e8d3cb20b43768c63df5e2 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/debt-is-cheating-our-childrens-future/ | Debt is Cheating Our Children’s Future | Debt is Cheating Our Children’s Future Now that we have all gone through the painful process of paying income taxes, let’s stop and think what tax-paying – and the federal fiscal environment – may be like 25 years from now. If we think we have it bad, our children and grandchildren face potential tax and financial bur... |
54e1349548701d26a29da750df261d27 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/democratic-expressions-amidst-fragile-institutions-possibilities-for-reform-in-dutertes-philippines/?shared=email&msg=fail | Democratic expressions amidst fragile institutions: Possibilities for reform in Duterte’s Philippines | Democratic expressions amidst fragile institutions: Possibilities for reform in Duterte’s Philippines This primer characterizes the authoritarian practices of Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte’s administration and their legacies for liberal democracy in the country. It argues that the policy and rhetoric of the Dute... |
bc0381735f1e5e172c506bfc31ea8aaf | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/democratization-on-hold-in-malaysia/ | Democratization on hold in Malaysia | Democratization on hold in Malaysia In May 2018, Malaysians elected a new coalition to power, putting an end to 61 years of a single party’s de facto monopoly on power. Two years later, the democratization many expected has yet to materialize. Structural and contextual factors have plunged the country in a political cr... |
3800536ff2c9e30ef3fc0794f865abcc | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/dirt-into-dollars-converting-vacant-land-into-valuable-development/ | Dirt Into Dollars: Converting Vacant Land into Valuable Development | Dirt Into Dollars: Converting Vacant Land into Valuable Development American cities have always been about growth. A hundred years ago, boosters organized boomtowns to exploit resources like minerals and cattle. Today, growth coalitions design New Urbanist towns to maximize value while deflecting political backlash by ... |
39182ff5b8a39e9bc6f89be0f65c682e | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/drug-trafficking-from-north-korea-implications-for-chinese-policy/?shared=email&msg=fail | Drug Trafficking from North Korea: Implications for Chinese Policy | Drug Trafficking from North Korea: Implications for Chinese Policy Despite many press reports, magazine articles, and academic analyses about drug production and trafficking by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea) since the early 1990s, Chinese authorities have avoided acknowledgement of this... |
bf0a8c3fc66c5bc91f52f925240a2d61 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/economic-reform-and-military-downsizing-a-key-to-solving-the-north-korean-nuclear-crisis/ | Economic Reform and Military Downsizing: A Key to Solving the North Korean Nuclear Crisis? | Economic Reform and Military Downsizing: A Key to Solving the North Korean Nuclear Crisis? U.S. policy toward North Korea is in need of a major overhaul. Six-party negotiations in Beijing in late August did not break down, but neither did they achieve any substantive progress. Meanwhile, North Korea continues to develo... |
7a60444a342a9e7ede4459216a7cc8ce | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/europes-lost-decade/ | Europe’s Lost Decade | Europe’s Lost Decade Europe’s role in world affairs over the next five years will be determined more by how it has handled the euro crisis and challenges to European integration than by its external environment or bureaucratic efforts to forge a common foreign and security policy. During the past five years, analysts h... |
d37d81ffe4b0e52786fedf93d9e4e8bc | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/fabulous-formless-darkness-presidential-nominees-and-the-morass-of-inquiry/ | Fabulous Formless Darkness: Presidential Nominees and the Morass of Inquiry | Fabulous Formless Darkness: Presidential Nominees and the Morass of Inquiry The White House wants to know what real estate you or your spouse now own. It also wants a list of properties you and your spouse have owned in the past six years but don’t now. The FBI wants to know about properties in which you have an intere... |
647010c966ab20969ea12527af80841d | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/family-structure-the-growing-importance-of-class/ | Family Structure: The Growing Importance of Class | Family Structure: The Growing Importance of Class In 1965, Daniel Patrick Moynihan released a controversial report written for his then boss, President Lyndon Johnson. Entitled “The Negro Family: The Case for National Action,” it described the condition of lower-income African American families and catalyzed a highly a... |
a1b150fda074476c44e5ad547ade1620 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/fifty-years-after-black-september-in-jordan/ | Fifty years after “Black September” in Jordan | Fifty years after “Black September” in Jordan The Jordanian civil war in 1970, better known as Black September, was decided by an intelligence success led by King Hussein and his chief of intelligence. It was a mystery for years until revealed in the memoir of a former CIA officer serving in the region at the time. ... |
f85e29a84bf12cf3100707e92995d308 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/finding-a-new-normal-in-u-s-india-relations/ | Finding a New Normal in U.S.-India Relations | Finding a New Normal in U.S.-India Relations To hear recent commentary on US-India relations, one would think observers were talking about a fraught relationship, full of crises between two countries with little in common and little interaction. This narrative, however, ignores the broader dynamics of the relationship,... |
c46ad43a9e6cd782c8d1006a07a6f462 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/france-and-europe-an-ambivalent-relationship/?shared=email&msg=fail | France and Europe: An Ambivalent Relationship | France and Europe: An Ambivalent Relationship France’s relationship with Europe is paradoxical. On one hand, France has long been a strong supporter of the idea of a united Europe. Aristide Briand, Jean Monnet and Robert Schuman were the founding fathers of European integration. This enthusiasm also stems from the inte... |
8c3002902459090d8f32ce55bad342b5 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/heavy-traffic-international-migration-in-an-era-of-globalization/ | Heavy Traffic: International Migration in an Era of Globalization | Heavy Traffic: International Migration in an Era of Globalization At the start of the new millennium, some 150 million people, or 2.5 percent of the world’s population, live outside their country of birth. That number has doubled since 1965. With poverty, political repression, human rights abuses, and conflict pushing ... |
9613060967d238bb2301bf270fefc80e | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/help-wanted-connecting-inner-city-job-seekers-with-suburban-jobs/?shared=email&msg=fail | Help Wanted: Connecting Inner-City Job Seekers with Suburban Jobs | Help Wanted: Connecting Inner-City Job Seekers with Suburban Jobs Cities have historically been the hubs of economic activity in America?the focal points of commerce where farmers brought crops and livestock, where office buildings bustled, and where manufacturing industries thrived. In short, cities were the places wh... |
b7066bd3cc8505980df49b759a941443 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/high-and-low-politics-in-afghanistan-the-terrorism-drugs-nexus-and-what-can-be-done-about-it/ | High and low politics in Afghanistan: The terrorism-drugs nexus and what can be done about it | High and low politics in Afghanistan: The terrorism-drugs nexus and what can be done about it As the world debate drug policy at the Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly on the World Drug Problem (UNGASS 2016), opium poppy remains deeply routed in Afghanistan. Narcotics production and counternarcotics... |
febf7009da1c7d5e75c27c4b2b8584f3 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-americas-cities-are-growing-the-big-picture/ | How America’s Cities Are Growing: The Big Picture | How America’s Cities Are Growing: The Big Picture Suburban sprawl has been the dominant form of metropolitan-area growth in the United States for the past 50 years. This article analyzes the nature of such sprawl, why it occurs in U.S. metropolitan areas, the problems it causes or aggravates, and some alternative possi... |
46a1423c6aa5e2825059e9d642a5a23e | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-china-is-responding-to-escalating-strategic-competition-with-the-us/ | How China is responding to escalating strategic competition with the US | How China is responding to escalating strategic competition with the US There seems to be a growing consensus in Beijing that U.S.-China relations will remain rocky for the foreseeable future. Even so, President Xi Jinping and others have been touting that time and momentum are on China’s side in its quest to move clos... |
e6b0ce5b679312218fca1fecc423be78 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-the-center-right-co-opts-the-far-right-in-austria/ | How the center-right co-opts the far-right in Austria | How the center-right co-opts the far-right in Austria The various country cases discussed in this project show the extent to which right-wing populist parties have shaped and radicalized the discourse on Islam and Muslims in European societies. In contrast to the United States, with its de facto two-party system, the m... |
e680c6dc2ba5c3c2f02fc582c3715dba | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-will-chinas-privacy-law-apply-to-the-chinese-state/ | How will China’s privacy law apply to the Chinese state? | How will China’s privacy law apply to the Chinese state? China’s government is drafting its first Personal Information Protection Law (the “Draft”) to regulate the collection, storage, use, processing, transmittal, provision, and disclosure (collectively, “handling”) of personal information by “organizations and indivi... |
9bf7136b28d9551e2e7c7a076ec566a9 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/indonesian-foreign-policy-a-million-friends-and-zero-enemies/ | Indonesian Foreign Policy: ‘A Million Friends and Zero Enemies’ | Indonesian Foreign Policy: ‘A Million Friends and Zero Enemies’ After nearly ten years in office, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (widely known as SBY) will hand power this July to an elected successor in competitive multi-party elections. His efforts to consolidate Indonesia’s democracy and expand its economy have ... |
4754f7edc3b332eb18c82a743d109148 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/inside-the-inferno-counterterrorism-professionals-reflect-on-their-work/?shared=email&msg=fail | Inside the Inferno: Counterterrorism Professionals Reflect on Their Work | Inside the Inferno: Counterterrorism Professionals Reflect on Their Work Ursula Wilder, a clinical psychologist working within the Intelligence Community, explores the impact of counterterrorism (CT) work on the professionals who operate in high intensity and high stress environments, often for many years. For some, th... |
b66eb148ac2521388b803a53505cce7c | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/is-obama-like-eisenhower/ | Is Obama Like Eisenhower? | Is Obama Like Eisenhower? “I remember some of the speeches of Eisenhower,” Hillary Clinton said during a joint interview with President Obama in January. “You know, you’ve got to be careful, you have to be thoughtful, you can’t rush in.” It seems likely her memories were jogged by the reviews of Evan Thomas’s recent bo... |
bc852b3b7f3422f66be43c69345358ec | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/islam-in-france/ | Islam in France | Islam in France In a long-planned public-relations initiative, France faced Algeria in a “friendly” soccer match three weeks after the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States. The organizers hoped to showcase the success of “republican” integration and the maturity of the Algerian migrant presence in Franc... |
b4d68f10d9e1248c992736473381d15d | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/israeli-palestinian-peace-talks-must-be-inclusive/ | Israeli-Palestinian Peace Talks Must Be Inclusive | Israeli-Palestinian Peace Talks Must Be Inclusive Editor’s note: this article originally appeared in The Guardian on September 29, 2010. The future of a viable Palestinian state will ultimately lie in the choices that President Abbas makes in the coming days. His overtures to the Arab League to garner support on next ... |
9beda45ad4f792af555e21377669e7cc | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/its-time-for-a-new-policy-on-confucius-institutes/ | It’s time for a new policy on Confucius institutes | It’s time for a new policy on Confucius institutes On March 5, the U.S. Senate voted to deny Department of Education funding to universities that host Confucius Institutes (CIs)—the controversial Chinese language and culture centers partially financed by the People’s Republic of China (PRC)—unless they meet oversight r... |
db9a428c0f807b44ed31df54a23c8392 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/japans-democratic-renewal-and-the-survival-of-the-liberal-order/ | Japan’s democratic renewal and the survival of the liberal order | Japan’s democratic renewal and the survival of the liberal order Japan plays a central role in the endeavor to rekindle liberal internationalism. The country boasts one of Asia’s oldest democracies and the fulcrum of institutions and norms of representative democracy: free and fair elections, rule of law, full civil ri... |
bb8764f8f25673a3dda405eb4ae264b6 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/mass-displacement-caused-by-conflicts-and-one-sided-violence-national-and-international-responses/ | Mass Displacement Caused by Conflicts and One-Sided Violence: National and International Responses | Mass Displacement Caused by Conflicts and One-Sided Violence: National and International Responses INTRODUCTION Massive displacement of people within countries and across borders has become a defining feature of the post-cold war world. It is also a major feature of human insecurity in which genocide, terrorism, egre... |
0f7f27b33e129bdfbf39a44dd92b2d80 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/meet-the-sims-and-shoot-them/ | Meet the Sims…and Shoot Them | Meet the Sims…and Shoot Them The country of Ghanzia is embroiled in a civil war. As a soldier in America’s Army, your job is to do everything from protect U.S. military convoys against AK-47-wielding attackers to sneak up on a mountain observatory where arms dealers are hiding out. It is a tough and dangerous tour of d... |
afbfb4b38cd1cdc66a8e62e35fb572a3 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/must-innocents-die-the-islamic-debate-over-suicide-attacks/ | Must Innocents Die? The Islamic Debate Over Suicide Attacks | Must Innocents Die? The Islamic Debate Over Suicide Attacks Over the last two years, the issue of suicide attacks or “martyrdom operations” against Israel has dominated public discussion throughout the Arab world. Since the outbreak of the current Palestinian intifada, in September 2000, the Palestinian resort to suici... |
9e543e79daeb37f5f7087ab66ec4a1b3 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/north-koreas-long-shadow-on-south-koreas-democracy/ | North Korea’s long shadow on South Korea’s democracy | North Korea’s long shadow on South Korea’s democracy South Korea has often been touted as a democratic and economic miracle. After decades of authoritarianism, it transitioned into a consolidated democracy and a technologically advanced, economic powerhouse in the past three decades. In recent months, the country has r... |
68ee6ed0959b519f151c476aefe0c42b | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/not-by-bread-alone-the-role-of-the-african-american-church-in-inner-city-development/ | Not by Bread Alone: The role of the African-American church in inner-city development | Not by Bread Alone: The role of the African-American church in inner-city development Deep social problems continue to plague inner-city America. Fashioning a response to the scourge of drugs, gangs, violent crime, unemployment, AIDS, failed schools, fatherless families, and early unwed pregnancy is among the most seri... |
c4f05ce0086c71537df26b6037efb2fb | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/outlaw-of-the-sea-the-senate-republicans-unclos-blunder/?shared=email&msg=fail | Outlaw of the Sea: The Senate Republicans’ UNCLOS Blunder | Outlaw of the Sea: The Senate Republicans’ UNCLOS Blunder When U.S. Senators Kelly Ayotte (R-N.H.) and Rob Portman (R-Ohio), both vice presidential hopefuls, recently declared their opposition to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, they virtually guaranteed that it would be dead on arrival if it were sent to the S... |
26ec88eb6042892aade9c30259ee1d18 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/outsourcing-war/ | Outsourcing War | Outsourcing War Understanding the Private Military Industry The tales of war, profit, honor, and greed that emerge from the private military industry often read like something out of a Hollywood screenplay. They range from action-packed stories of guns-for-hire fighting off swarms of insurgents in Iraq to the sad acco... |
cb56eedf85bb1d4c13ba1f1fdf2120c1 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/peacekeepers-inc/ | Peacekeepers, Inc. | Peacekeepers, Inc. Violence breaks out in a small African state. The local government collapses and reports emerge that civilians are being massacred by the tens of thousands. Refugees stream out in pitiable columns. As scenes reminiscent of the Rwanda genocide are played out on the world’s television screens once agai... |
d5ae9c341a611dbdd542e7735b7e9899 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/population-policy-and-politics-how-will-history-judge-chinas-one-child-policy/ | Population, Policy, and Politics: How Will History Judge China’s One-Child Policy? | Population, Policy, and Politics: How Will History Judge China’s One-Child Policy? One of the main puzzles of modern population and social history is why, among all countries confronting rapid population growth in the second half of the twentieth century, China chose to adopt an extreme measure of birth control known a... |
a89b1fe2e5bd4b6255202620e108eed3 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/postindustrial-hopes-deferred-why-the-democratic-majority-is-still-likely-to-emerge/ | Postindustrial Hopes Deferred: Why the Democratic Majority Is Still Likely to Emerge | Postindustrial Hopes Deferred: Why the Democratic Majority Is Still Likely to Emerge Early during the summer of 2002, as the economy slowed and the winds of scandal swept through Washington and Wall Street, it looked as if the Democrats might win big in November, despite the post-September 11 boost in the GOP’s fortune... |
87b969ec223f14ad283b693259641883 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/postscript-a-new-model-afghan-army/ | Postscript: A New Model Afghan Army | Postscript: A New Model Afghan Army Nearly a year since U. S. forces helped topple the Taliban, attempts to build a functioning Afghan government remain in their infancy. This void, particularly in the security sphere, casts a shadow over the long-term prospects of Operation Enduring Freedom. While attentions have shif... |
ad04be7ec13753e50345be4c41514be6 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/promoting-young-guards-the-recent-high-turnover-in-the-pla-leadership-part-ii-expansion-and-escalation/ | Promoting “young guards”: The recent high turnover in the PLA leadership (Part II: Expansion and escalation) | Promoting “young guards”: The recent high turnover in the PLA leadership (Part II: Expansion and escalation) The most noticeable trend under the leadership of Xi Jinping since the 2012 National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has been the continuing consolidation of power. In particular, the military has ... |
bc5f4b3240acac83e8c0cd23f98bf62d | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/recruiting-executive-branch-leaders-the-office-of-presidential-personnel/ | Recruiting Executive Branch Leaders: The Office of Presidential Personnel | Recruiting Executive Branch Leaders: The Office of Presidential Personnel Despite the demise of the spoils system about which Garfield was complaining, the demand for government jobs after each presidential election continues to be a hallmark of American politics. It took the assassination of President Garfield by one ... |
90e7e66e1132bca17da0262ff1145205 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/refreshing-european-energy-security-policy-how-the-u-s-can-help/ | Refreshing European Energy Security Policy: How the U.S. Can Help | Refreshing European Energy Security Policy: How the U.S. Can Help The U.S. can help Central and Eastern Europe and Ukraine by refreshing its European energy security policy. The current crisis validates America’s long-term policy goal of diversifying Europe’s energy supply to diminish Russia’s ability to use energy as ... |
4032053c23a6d9db970d3d2c211f5fd5 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/remembering-iraqs-displaced/ | Remembering Iraq’s Displaced | Remembering Iraq’s Displaced Looking at the past 10 years of Iraq’s history through the lens of displacement reveals a complex — and sobering — reality. Before the U.S. invasion of Iraq in March 2003, humanitarian agencies prepared for a massive outpouring of Iraqi refugees. But this didn’t happen. Instead a much more ... |
ef1892591e6823a5f39123b6cc2db032 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/robots-at-war-the-new-battlefield/?shared=email&msg=fail | Robots at War: The New Battlefield | Robots at War: The New Battlefield There was little to warn of the danger ahead. The Iraqi insurgent had laid his ambush with great cunning. Hidden along the side of the road, the bomb looked like any other piece of trash. American soldiers call these jury-rigged bombs IEDs, official shorthand for improvised explosiv... |
76564ba4b5540299ea20c727379c2fd9 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/secular-stagnation-even-truer-today-larry-summers-says/ | ‘Secular stagnation’ even truer today, Larry Summers says | ‘Secular stagnation’ even truer today, Larry Summers says Larry Summers is doubling down on his secular-stagnation hypothesis. The Harvard economist and former Treasury secretary first offered the bleak diagnosis in November 2013 at an International Monetary Fund conference. The U.S. and much of the rest of the world w... |
68ee4524e5bdb152a1e886d795d0a93a | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/should-we-treat-domestic-terrorists-the-way-we-treat-isis-what-works-and-what-doesnt/ | Should we treat domestic terrorists the way we treat ISIS?: What works—and what doesn’t | Should we treat domestic terrorists the way we treat ISIS?: What works—and what doesn’t The mass shooting in Las Vegas on Sunday night has again raised fears about terrorism. There’s much we don’t yet know. The Islamic State (ISIS) has claimed the attack, but the FBI claims that there is no international terrorism link... |
7e792921e6013c410b9462583be9a79c | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/social-policy-in-singapore-a-crucible-of-individual-responsibility/ | Social Policy in Singapore: A Crucible of Individual Responsibility | Social Policy in Singapore: A Crucible of Individual Responsibility This article was first published in Issue 9, June 2011 of ETHOS, a journal of the Civil Service College Singapore. For more information, please visit http://www.cscollege.gov.sg/ethos. An important achievement of the capitalist democracies is the creat... |
802438ee48523f84e52030afb67a2ba9 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/still-the-land-of-opportunity/ | Still the Land of Opportunity? | Still the Land of Opportunity? America is known as “the land of opportunity.” But whether it deserves this reputation has received too little attention. Instead, we seem mesmerized by data on the distribution of incomes which show that incomes are less evenly distributed than they were 20 or 30 years ago. In 1973, the ... |
9eafe643ac277298cf41bb572d2a34fa | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/testing-the-limits-of-china-and-brazils-partnership/ | Testing the limits of China and Brazil’s partnership | Testing the limits of China and Brazil’s partnership Brazil is China’s most important economic and political partner in South America, as well as a key participant in the Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) grouping of emerging powers that China increasingly leads. When it comes to global aspirations... |
ce3512cf7d9c8fbdb907e6197c36b964 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-advantages-of-an-assertive-china-responding-to-beijings-abrasive-diplomacy/ | The Advantages of an Assertive China: Responding to Beijing’s Abrasive Diplomacy | The Advantages of an Assertive China: Responding to Beijing’s Abrasive Diplomacy Over the past two years, in a departure from the policy of reassurance it adopted in the late 1990s, China has managed to damage relations with most of its neighbors and with the United States. Mistrust of Beijing throughout the region and... |
bfbca0955fbaafb5cb61f4a6f235b04c | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-aging-of-america-will-the-baby-boom-be-ready-for-retirement/ | The Aging of America: Will the Baby Boom Be Ready for Retirement? | The Aging of America: Will the Baby Boom Be Ready for Retirement? This article is part of a broader study of saving funded by the National Institute on Aging and TIAA-CREF. The baby boom generation—the roughly 76 million people born between 1946 and 1964—has been reshaping American society for ve decades. From jammin... |
28d5eef0ef3f9272bba9f7489f330409 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-contemporary-presidency-the-bush-white-house-first-appraisals/ | The Contemporary Presidency: The Bush White House: First Appraisals | The Contemporary Presidency: The Bush White House: First Appraisals When the disputed election of 2000 ended with the Supreme Court’s decision on December 12, it effectively shortened the presidential transition to less than fifty days and complicated the incoming administration’s personnel problems. Chief among George... |
70aa6eba7d22e48f4a8d23df07af3be7 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-cyber-terror-bogeyman/ | The Cyber Terror Bogeyman | The Cyber Terror Bogeyman We have let our fears obscure how terrorists really use the Internet. About 31,300. That is roughly the number of magazine and journal articles written so far that discuss the phenomenon of cyber terrorism. Zero. That is the number of people that who been hurt or killed by cyber terrorism at ... |
e663bbf9472fe85fb4c8d8b1639195b8 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-end-of-the-ccps-resilient-authoritarianism-a-tripartite-assessment-of-shifting-power-in-china/ | The End of the CCP’s Resilient Authoritarianism? A Tripartite Assessment of Shifting Power in China | The End of the CCP’s Resilient Authoritarianism? A Tripartite Assessment of Shifting Power in China Editor’s Note: This paper first appeared in The China Quarterly (Volume 211, September 2012). ABSTRACT This essay challenges the widely held view of the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) purported “resilient authoritar... |
fc8958af8a10c5bd6a4285cba0158513 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-law-catches-up-to-private-militaries-embeds/ | The Law Catches Up to Private Militaries, Embeds | The Law Catches Up to Private Militaries, Embeds Over the last few years, tales of private military contractors run amuck in Iraq — from the CACI interrogators at Abu Ghraib to the Aegis company’s Elvis-themed internet “trophy video” — have continually popped up in the headlines. Unfortunately, when it came to actually... |
adcc0bcbde54879e0738bf523f26ea18 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-man-who-lost-an-empire/ | The man who lost an empire | The man who lost an empire In 1921, the year before he founded the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Vladimir Lenin challenged his fellow Bolsheviks with a rhetorical question: “Who overtakes whom?” Joseph Stalin preferred a starker version: “Who-whom?” Both saw politics as a deadly competition in which the winner t... |
c69e4e12deb162cb709b1a1845c52dbd | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-myth-of-charter-schools/ | The Myth of Charter Schools | The Myth of Charter Schools Ordinarily, documentaries about education attract little attention, and seldom, if ever, reach neighborhood movie theaters. Davis Guggenheim’s Waiting for “Superman” is different. It arrived in late September with the biggest publicity splash I have ever seen for a documentary. Not only was ... |
54071d4f44a980fdb457c069412a93d9 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-obama-administrations-evidence-based-social-policy-initiatives-an-overview/?shared=email&msg=fail | The Obama Administration’s Evidence-Based Social Policy Initiatives: An Overview | The Obama Administration’s Evidence-Based Social Policy Initiatives: An Overview Summary This paper outlines the Obama administration’s plan to strengthen the evidence base for U.S. social policy. The Obama administration has created the most expansive opportunity for rigorous evidence to influence social policy in the... |
f19461f84a890f1bd5772020c74f18a7 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-oceans-11-of-cyber-strikes/ | The “Oceans 11” of Cyber Strikes | The “Oceans 11” of Cyber Strikes There is perhaps no contemporary security policy issue that is as important, but so poorly understood, as cybersecurity. A major part of the problem is a simple lack of familiarity with the most basic terms and definitions. Almost all policymakers today are digital immigrants — people w... |
c607e402286374fc112fb5c9e813365c | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-risks-to-australias-democracy/ | The risks to Australia’s democracy | The risks to Australia’s democracy Australians are proud that their country is one of the first genuine liberal democracies in the modern world. Its democratic institutions and practices have been hailed for its robustness, adaptability, functionality, and resilience. Indeed, Australia has been leading the world when i... |
615ce7dd6c9ac7695dec3152cf596178 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-self-limiting-success-of-iran-sanctions/ | The Self-Limiting Success of Iran Sanctions | The Self-Limiting Success of Iran Sanctions Reprinted by permission of INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, November 2011. Since the 1979 revolution that ousted Iran’s pro-American monarchy and replaced it with a theocratic regime hostile to the West, the United States has sought to temper Iran’s geopolitical ambitions through a co... |
1614d91fcac58458d74efc2439af8fad | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-senate-and-executive-branch-appointments-an-obstacle-course-on-capitol-hill/ | The Senate and Executive Branch Appointments: An Obstacle Course on Capitol Hill? | The Senate and Executive Branch Appointments: An Obstacle Course on Capitol Hill? Bolstered by analyses from both journalists and academics, the conventional wisdom now holds that the Senate has become increasingly hostile to presidential appointees. Would-be judges, justices, ambassadors, commissioners, and executive ... |
ee2d9494f92ac0218b9adca6d01466c3 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-three-faith-factors/ | The Three Faith Factors | The Three Faith Factors How, if at all, does religion affect health and social welfare? Under what, if any, conditions does religion help to improve the lives of disadvantaged urban children and families, and how, if at all, can we foster those conditions? Is there any significant body of evidence to suggest that relig... |
8fbf753aac8a13883f290e1e80900d86 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-war-on-terrorism-the-big-picture/ | The War on Terrorism: The Big Picture | The War on Terrorism: The Big Picture “Today, we lack metrics to know if we are winning or losing the global war on terror. Are we capturing, killing, or deterring and dissuading more terrorists every day than the madrassas and the radical clerics are recruiting, training, and deploying against us? “Does the US need to... |
5618a032738db0df9c04fc98851048ba | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-world-economy-is-recovering/ | The World Economy is Recovering | The World Economy is Recovering Editor’s Note: This commentary is based on research and analysis from the Tracking Indexes for the Global Economic Recovery (TIGER) interactive map, which appears on the Financial Times Web site. View the Brookings version of the interactive map » Despite all the portents of doom the wo... |
464377c696ecf4e8053956dea44e6100 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/truth-and-reconciliation-sidestepping-the-filibuster/ | Truth and Reconciliation: Sidestepping the Filibuster | Truth and Reconciliation: Sidestepping the Filibuster Editor’s Note: After a year of trying to pass health care reform, an effort highlighted by the Blair House summit on February 25, President Obama and Democratic leaders are building a case for using the Senate reconciliation process to push through legislation. Unde... |
85d30f76b2a8a1ebe2d8c484d7176f52 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/understanding-urban-riots-in-france/ | Understanding Urban Riots in France | Understanding Urban Riots in France When Theo Van Ghogh was murdered in Amsterdam on November 2, 2004 by Mohammed Bouyeri, an Islamist with Dutch and Moroccan citizenships, many said that this was the failure of the Dutch model of integration by tolerance. When bombs planted by young Britons of Pakistani and Jamaican d... |
290e4e9fef7062d6ee66a734f63e2eab | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/us-japan-relations-in-the-era-of-trump/?shared=email&msg=fail | US-Japan relations in the era of Trump | US-Japan relations in the era of Trump No bilateral relationship matters more to Japan than the one with the United States. From wartime foe and occupying force, the United States morphed into Japan’s indispensable security partner, becoming its anchor for a successful reintegration into the postwar international syste... |
bb7b6e27e7f43e37892eb248652412a5 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/veiled-meaning-the-french-law-banning-religious-symbols-in-public-schools/?emci=24fe5c35-7571-eb11-9889-00155d43c992&emdi=ea000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001&ceid= | Veiled Meaning: The French Law Banning Religious Symbols in Public Schools | Veiled Meaning: The French Law Banning Religious Symbols in Public Schools On March 3, 2004, the French Senate gave the final approval for a bill prohibiting the wearing of conspicuous religious symbols in public schools. The law, which will enter into force in September, does not ban the wearing of headscarves or any ... |
71ebb34e59b4d7ff0abf3f0355df6be2 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/vox-populi-public-opinion-and-the-democratic-dilemma/ | Vox Populi: Public opinion and the democratic dilemma | Vox Populi: Public opinion and the democratic dilemma “Now at the feast the governor was accustomed to release for the crowd any one prisoner whom they wanted. . . . The governor again said to them, ‘Which of the two do you want me to release for you?’ And they said, ‘Barabbas.’ Pilate said to them, ‘Then what shall I ... |
6560ec32ee49ae7449976c5373aceda6 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/washingtons-think-tanks-factories-to-call-our-own/?shared=email&msg=fail | Washington’s Think Tanks: Factories to Call Our Own | Washington’s Think Tanks: Factories to Call Our Own Editor’s Note: This article originally appeared in the Washingtonian’s August 2010 issue. Click here to view the text with full graphics and a chart. America has been defined by its great cities and their signature industries. Pittsburgh became the city of steel dur... |
778d6bef68f2b642e1d7ac22f7e16161 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-now-the-oval-office/ | What Now? The Oval Office | What Now? The Oval Office You are about to move into the Oval Office—one of the most dramatic, architecturally satisfying rooms in the world—and you are going to have to make a basic decision: do you wish to admire it or work in it? Clearly, this is a great ceremonial place. You will call in members of the press pool t... |
a58a7ffd58ae9f2be8eba416365255a6 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/who-needs-harvard/?shared=email&msg=fail | Who Needs Harvard? | Who Needs Harvard? Today almost everyone seems to assume that the critical moment in young people’s lives is finding out which colleges have accepted them. Winning admission to an elite school is imagined to be a golden passport to success; for bright students, failing to do so is seen as a major life setback. As a res... |
a3311bb5ae68fe619a94689746c67ad2 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/why-the-turkey-krg-alliance-works-for-now/ | Why the Turkey-KRG alliance works, for now | Why the Turkey-KRG alliance works, for now Turkey’s relationship with Iraq’s Kurds has not been without its problems. Not so long ago Ankara refused to deal with the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) and has opposed its efforts to consolidate control in disputed oil-rich areas such as Kirkuk. Moreover, the Kurdistan ... |
4614ef106356774f8778ef08b81a8e5e | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/workers-rights-labor-standards-and-global-trade/ | Workers’ Rights: Labor standards and global trade | Workers’ Rights: Labor standards and global trade Of all the debates surrounding globalization, one of the most contentious involves trade and workers’ rights. Proponents of workers’ rights argue that trading nations should be held to strict labor standards—and they offer two quite different justifications for their vi... |
32f39bb9f5a287a7c79a56a357935dd8 | https://www.brookings.edu/articles/would-the-saudis-go-nuclear/ | Would the Saudis Go Nuclear? | Would the Saudis Go Nuclear? In the wake of September 11, 2001, and last week’s terrorist bombings in Riyadh, America’s relationship with Saudi Arabia has sunk to new lows. On the right, neoconservatives rail against Saudi support for extremist Islam and fume over the kingdom’s refusal to allow American airmen to fly s... |
8dd1e81340fe1008b49c7c119348d8fe | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2013/11/13/sexual-and-gender-based-violence-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-opportunities-for-progress-as-m23-disarms/ | Sexual and Gender-based Violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Opportunities for Progress as M23 Disarms? | Sexual and Gender-based Violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Opportunities for Progress as M23 Disarms? Years of war in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have brought a host of tragedies, large and small. Amongst the greatest tragedies is undoubtedly that the DRC has come to be known as the “r... |
dcf13f6064486a336a818f96ff2760cb | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2014/01/14/japan-in-africa-a-rising-sun/ | Japan in Africa: A Rising Sun? | Japan in Africa: A Rising Sun? Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe completed his African tour this Monday in Ethiopia after visits to Côte d’Ivoire and Mozambique. His visit was the first tour of Africa by a Japanese leader in eight years and the first visit to a francophone West African country. Thankfully, this low fr... |
db454bfc7f851206082092fcbfce4282 | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2014/03/17/ending-child-marriage-should-be-a-development-priority-for-africas-grassroots-in-2014-2/ | Ending Child Marriage Should be a Development Priority for Africa’s Grassroots in 2014 | Ending Child Marriage Should be a Development Priority for Africa’s Grassroots in 2014 The year 2014 holds yet another chance to eliminate the harmful traditional practice of child marriage in a long struggle that has consumed the attention of gender activists, public health practitioners and human rights advocates ove... |
9775c182496e10029ceff04f2ce147fe | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2014/05/09/possible-trajectories-of-the-boko-haram-conflict-in-nigeria/ | Possible Trajectories of the Boko Haram Conflict in Nigeria | Possible Trajectories of the Boko Haram Conflict in Nigeria In a continuation of the conflict with Boko Haram in Nigeria, earlier this week suspected Boko Haram fighters killed at least 100 people when they attacked Gamboru village in the country’s northeast. The village was being used as a base in the globally promine... |
7570ec3c492442a453717eb91768253c | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2014/05/14/boko-haram-in-nigeria-the-way-forward/ | Boko Haram in Nigeria: The Way Forward | Boko Haram in Nigeria: The Way Forward On Monday, in a video showing 130 of the over 200 kidnapped Nigerian schoolgirls, Boko Haram announced that it would be willing to let the girls go as part of a trade for Boko Haram militants currently held by Nigeria. Later that day, Nigerian Interior Minister Abba Moro announced... |
d9dc130aeba1bcbdbb5f4a5d1025a22a | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2014/06/06/africa-in-the-news-us-reinforces-power-africa-and-nigeria-has-a-new-central-bank-governor/ | Africa in the News: US Reinforces Power Africa, and Nigeria Has a New Central Bank Governor | Africa in the News: US Reinforces Power Africa, and Nigeria Has a New Central Bank Governor On June 3-4, 2014, U.S. Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz led a delegation of high-level U.S. officials to Addis Ababa for the U.S.-Africa Energy Ministerial, cohosted by the government of Ethiopia. Based around the theme, “Catal... |
f6a89ada49305e3b1a5651f96338653c | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2014/08/15/ghanas-request-for-imf-assistance/ | Ghana’s Request for IMF Assistance | Ghana’s Request for IMF Assistance On Friday, August 8, 2014, IMF Deputy Managing Director Min Zhu issued the following short statement: “Today, IMF Management received a formal request from the Ghanaian authorities to initiate discussions on an economic program that could be supported by the IMF. The Fund stands ready... |
8da564cf9f176ee78c9c0eb5e4c3aebc | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2014/08/19/are-ghanas-women-more-entrepreneurial-than-its-men/ | Are Ghana’s Women More Entrepreneurial Than its Men? | Are Ghana’s Women More Entrepreneurial Than its Men? Like many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Ghana’s impressive economic growth in recent decades, largely propelled by higher commodity prices such as cocoa and gold on the international market, has so far failed to re-structure the country’s economy. The broader Ghan... |
5e34af3d661b44dab56d5044c2b6674a | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2014/11/20/africas-failure-to-industrialize-bad-luck-or-bad-policy/ | Africa’s Failure to Industrialize: Bad Luck or Bad Policy? | Africa’s Failure to Industrialize: Bad Luck or Bad Policy? On Thursday, November 20 the United Nations celebrated the 25th Africa Industrialization Day. But perhaps “celebrate” is not exactly the right word. Africa’s experience with industrialization over the past quarter century has actually been disappointing. In 201... |
fdacdf17b239d6c9210d00dcb01d919f | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2015/02/20/suggestions-for-obamas-last-trip-to-africa-as-president/ | Suggestions for Obama’s last trip to Africa as president | Suggestions for Obama’s last trip to Africa as president Since becoming president of the United States, Barack Obama has visited five African countries: Ghana, Egypt, Senegal, Tanzania, and South Africa. The president used his 2009 trips to Ghana and Egypt to articulate his broad and ambitious policy of engagement tow... |
f3017a44e378ed76e9f338808218845a | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2015/03/10/financing-for-development-six-priorities-for-africa/ | Financing for Development: Six Priorities for Africa | Financing for Development: Six Priorities for Africa Less than 150 days remain before the Third International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD) takes place in Addis Ababa. The African development financing context has certainly changed since the two previous similar gathering in Monterrey in 2002 and in Doh... |
431eb55a99f480a0fa519dde2b8e3bce | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2015/05/15/five-takeaways-from-the-bangui-forum-for-national-reconciliation-in-the-central-african-republic/ | Five takeaways from the Bangui Forum for National Reconciliation in the Central African Republic | Five takeaways from the Bangui Forum for National Reconciliation in the Central African Republic More than two years after the predominantly Muslim Séléka rebel group overthrew the government of President François Bozizé, igniting waves of intercommunal violence between the country’s Muslim minority and Christian popul... |
0fa63c43412c93b5a6f68bc080d0cd26 | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2015/07/29/obama-in-kenya-a-report-from-the-field-and-a-recap-of-the-global-entrepreneurship-summit/ | Obama in Kenya: A report from the field and a recap of the Global Entrepreneurship Summit | Obama in Kenya: A report from the field and a recap of the Global Entrepreneurship Summit The nation of Kenya was gripped by a palpable sense of excitement and outsized expectations prior to President Obama’s arrival on Friday, July 24. On the day the president arrived, offices in Nairobi were closed, banks shut down e... |
56e1ec947c4abf8c84d0c25c2f77c891 | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2015/09/16/metals-and-oil-a-tale-of-two-commodities/ | Metals and oil: A tale of two commodities | Metals and oil: A tale of two commodities “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.” With these words Charles Dickens opens his novel “A Tale of Two Cities.” Winners and losers in a “tale of two commodities” may one day look back with similar reflections, as prices of metals and oil have seen some seismic s... |
419910efccf9e8aa664b9a65a71c587b | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2015/09/18/resource-funds-stabilization-parking-and-intergenerational-transfer/ | Resource funds: Stabilization, parking and intergenerational transfer | Resource funds: Stabilization, parking and intergenerational transfer Since July 2014 the price of crude oil has fallen from above $100 per barrel to below $40. This drop has brought the risks facing oil exporters into stark relief. Nowhere more so than in Africa, where there are now questions about how viable the rece... |
24e2ede428b6f5cd9770624aa270d8ed | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2015/09/30/the-sdgs-business-and-the-development-challenge/ | The SDGs, business, and the development challenge | The SDGs, business, and the development challenge The most intriguing characterization of the new Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs), endorsed by world leaders at the United Nations General Assembly on September 25, came from Amina Mohammed, assistant secretary-general of the United Nations and special advisor on Po... |
664b15ecebdf829000de97c60c765e42 | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2015/12/31/foresight-africa-2016-free-trade-agreements-and-the-implications-for-africa/?shared=email&msg=fail | Foresight Africa 2016: Free trade agreements and the implications for Africa | Foresight Africa 2016: Free trade agreements and the implications for Africa The launch of Foresight Africa: Top priorities for the continent in 2016 is on the horizon. In anticipation of this year’s report, the Africa Growth Initiative team offers the below preview of one of the major topics covered and encourages y... |
d68a91ba3fac899254d43db8ab59773e | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2016/03/22/benins-landmark-elections-an-experiment-in-political-transitions/ | Benin’s landmark elections: An experiment in political transitions | Benin’s landmark elections: An experiment in political transitions Benin is the new field of dreams and promises kept. In a year when many countries on the continent are changing their constitutions to allow for incumbent presidents to run yet again, Benin, under President Yayi Boni, is respecting the term limits set ... |
9cb6409224aa262879220454915e02d9 | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2016/04/05/commodities-industry-and-the-african-growth-miracle/ | Commodities, industry, and the African Growth Miracle | Commodities, industry, and the African Growth Miracle The 2016 Spring Meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank occur during uncertain times for the “African Growth Miracle.” After more than two decades of sustained economic expansion, growth in sub-Saharan Africa slowed to 3.4 percent in 2015, t... |
0fd8ff2fb90f5a7dc68146e6f7c2b074 | https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2016/04/25/african-lions-unpacking-labor-trends-and-growth-in-mozambique/ | African Lions: Unpacking labor trends and growth in Mozambique | African Lions: Unpacking labor trends and growth in Mozambique Mozambique, over the last two decades, has experienced explosive growth, with an average GDP growth rate of almost 8 percent between 1997-2015. Not only that, but, for the most part, Mozambique has a track record of solid macroeconomic policies, like contro... |
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