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https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2018/10/31/dog-shoots-man-hunting-accident-las-cruces/1838921002/
Man survives after his dog accidentally shoots him on a hunting trip
Man survives after his dog accidentally shoots him on a hunting trip LAS CRUCES, N.M. – Charlie's still a good dog. That's what Sonny "Tex" Gilligan said days after Charlie – his 120-pound Rottweiler mix – accidentally shot him. Gilligan, 74, a Doña Ana County resident, told the Sun-News that Charlie and his two other ...
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https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2018/10/31/kroger-shooting-federal-authorities-hate-crime-investigation/1839521002/
Feds confirm they're investigating the Kentucky Kroger shooting as hate crime
Feds confirm they're investigating the Kentucky Kroger shooting as hate crime LOUISVILLE, Ky. – Federal authorities have confirmed they have an "open and active federal hate crimes investigation" into the deadly shooting a week ago at a Kroger in Kentucky. The U.S. Attorney's Office and the FBI are "collecting the evid...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporate-raider.asp
Corporate Raider
Corporate Raider What Is a Corporate Raider? A corporate raider is an investor who buys a large number of shares in a corporation whose assets appear to be undervalued. The large share purchase would give the corporate raider significant voting rights, which could then be used to push changes in the company's leadershi...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporate-refinancing.asp
Corporate Refinancing
Corporate Refinancing What Is Corporate Refinancing? Corporate refinancing is the process through which a company reorganizes its financial obligations by replacing or restructuring existing debts. Corporate refinancing is often done to improve a company's financial position. Through refinancing, a company can receive ...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporate-reimbursement-coverage.asp
Corporate Reimbursement Coverage
Corporate Reimbursement Coverage What Is Corporate Reimbursement Coverage? Corporate reimbursement coverage is a form of liability insurance that companies purchase to protect themselves against losses due to legal actions against their directors and officers. It is one of three components of directors and officers (D&...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporatebond.asp
Corporate Bond
Corporate Bond What Is a Corporate Bond? A corporate bond is a type of debt security that is issued by a firm and sold to investors. The company gets the capital it needs and in return the investor is paid a pre-established number of interest payments at either a fixed or variable interest rate. When the bond expires, ...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporatecitizenship.asp
Corporate Citizenship
Corporate Citizenship What Is Corporate Citizenship? Corporate citizenship involves the social responsibility of businesses and the extent to which they meet legal, ethical, and economic responsibilities, as established by shareholders. Corporate citizenship is growing increasingly important as both individual and inst...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporategovernance.asp
Corporate Governance
Corporate Governance What Is Corporate Governance? Corporate governance is the system of rules, practices, and processes by which a firm is directed and controlled. Corporate governance essentially involves balancing the interests of a company's many stakeholders, such as shareholders, senior management executives, cus...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporateinversion.asp
Corporate Inversion
Corporate Inversion What Is a Corporate Inversion? A corporate inversion—also called a tax inversion—is a process by which companies, primarily based in the U.S., relocate operations overseas to reduce their income tax burden. Companies who receive a significant portion of income from foreign sources may employ corpora...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporatetax.asp
Corporate Tax
Corporate Tax What Is Corporate Tax? A corporate tax is a tax on the profits of a corporation. The taxes are paid on a company's taxable income, which includes revenue minus cost of goods sold (COGS), general and administrative (G&A) expenses, selling and marketing, research and development, depreciation, and other ope...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/correspondence-audit.asp
Correspondence Audit
Correspondence Audit What Is a Correspondence Audit? A correspondence audit is a type of tax audit that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) performs via mail. Correspondence audits are the lowest level of auditing performed by the IRS. In a correspondence audit, the IRS sends the taxpayer a written request for additiona...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/correspondent-bank.asp
Correspondent Bank
Correspondent Bank What Is a Correspondent Bank? The term correspondent bank refers to a financial institution that provides services to another one—usually in another country. It acts as an intermediary or agent, facilitating wire transfers, conducting business transactions, accepting deposits, and gathering documents...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost-depletion.asp
Cost Depletion Definition
Cost Depletion Definition What Is Cost Depletion? Cost depletion is one of two accounting methods used to allocate the costs of extracting natural resources, such as timber, minerals, and oil, and to record those costs as operating expenses to reduce pretax income. It’s a method for allocating extraction costs, charged...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost-of-attendance.asp
Cost of Attendance (COA)
Cost of Attendance (COA) What Is Cost of Attendance (COA)? Cost of attendance (COA) is a college's total estimated expenses for one year including tuition, room and board, books, supplies, transportation, loan fees, and miscellaneous expenses. A school's cost of attendance is used to determine each student's eligibilit...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost-of-labor.asp
Cost of Labor
Cost of Labor What Is the Cost of Labor? The cost of labor is the sum of all wages paid to employees, as well as the cost of employee benefits and payroll taxes paid by an employer. The cost of labor is broken into direct and indirect (overhead) costs. Direct costs include wages for the employees that produce a product...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost-plus-contract.asp
Cost-Plus Contract
Cost-Plus Contract What Is a Cost-Plus Contract? A cost-plus contract is an agreement to reimburse a company for expenses incurred plus a specific amount of profit, usually stated as a percentage of the contract’s full price. These type of contracts are primarily used in construction where the buyer assumes some of the...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costofdebt.asp
Cost of Debt
Cost of Debt What Is the Cost of Debt? The cost of debt is the effective interest rate a company pays on its debts. It’s the cost of debt, such as bonds and loans, among others. The cost of debt often refers to before-tax cost of debt, which is the company's cost of debt before taking taxes into account. However, the d...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costofequity.asp
Cost of Equity
Cost of Equity What Is the Cost of Equity? The cost of equity is the return a company requires to decide if an investment meets capital return requirements. Firms often use it as a capital budgeting threshold for the required rate of return. A firm's cost of equity represents the compensation the market demands in exch...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costoffunds.asp
Cost of Funds
Cost of Funds What Is the Cost of Funds? The cost of funds is a reference to the interest rate paid by financial institutions for the funds that they use in their business. The cost of funds is one of the most important input costs for a financial institution since a lower cost will end up generating better returns whe...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costoftender.asp
Cost of Tender
Cost of Tender What Is Cost of Tender? Cost of tender is the total charges associated with the delivery and certification of commodities underlying a futures contract. The cost of tender represents the total costs related to taking the physical delivery of a commodity. These costs are assessed only if the futures contr...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costpushinflation.asp
Cost-Push Inflation
Cost-Push Inflation What Is Cost-Push Inflation? Cost-push inflation occurs when overall prices increase (inflation) due to increases in the cost of wages and raw materials. Higher costs of production can decrease the aggregate supply (the amount of total production) in the economy. Since the demand for goods hasn't ch...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costsynergy.asp
Cost Synergy
Cost Synergy What Is Cost Synergy? Cost synergy is the savings in operating costs expected after the merger of two companies. Cost synergies are cost reductions due to the increased efficiencies in the combined company. Cost synergy is one of three major synergy types, with the other two being revenue and financial syn...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/coterminous.asp
Coterminous
Coterminous What Does Coterminous Mean? Coterminous loans refers to a supplemental loan with a maturity date that is the same as a senior debt, or an original loan. Coterminous is most often used to describe mortgage loans, such as those for residential and commercial borrowers. Key Takeaways Coterminous loans are sup...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cottage-industry.asp
Cottage Industry
Cottage Industry What Is a Cottage Industry? A cottage industry is a small-scale, decentralized manufacturing business often operated out of a home rather than a purpose-built facility. Cottage industries are defined by the amount of investment required to start, as well as the number of people employed. They often foc...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/counseling-liability.asp
Counseling Liability
Counseling Liability What Is Counseling Liability? Counseling liability is a term used to refer to legal liabilities arising from the provision of counseling services. Counseling liability is a risk for a number of professionals including family counselors, marriage counselors, substance abuse counselors, psychologists...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/counter-currency.asp
Counter Currency
Counter Currency What Is a Counter Currency? The counter currency is the currency used as the reference or second currency in a currency pair. When viewing an ISO currency code the counter currency is listed after the base currency, and is separated with a slash. Major currencies, such as the euro and U.S. dollar, are ...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/countercyclicalstock.asp
Counter-Cyclical Stock
Counter-Cyclical Stock What Is a Counter-Cyclical Stock? A counter-cyclical stock refer to the shares of a company that belongs to an industry or niche with financial performance that is typically negatively correlated to the overall state of the economy. As a result, the stock's price will also tend to move in a direc...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/countermove.asp
Countermove
Countermove What Is a Countermove? A countermove is a movement of a security's price that opposes the trend in price. A countermove happens right after the original trend, but in a smaller amount than the original trend. Investors and traders watch for countermoves to be able to enter the market in a favorable position...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/counterpartyrisk.asp
Counterparty Risk
Counterparty Risk What Is Counterparty Risk? Counterparty risk is the likelihood or probability that one of those involved in a transaction might default on its contractual obligation. Counterparty risk can exist in credit, investment, and trading transactions. Key Takeaways Counterparty risk is the likelihood or prob...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/countertrade.asp
Countertrade
Countertrade What Is Countertrade? Countertrade is a reciprocal form of international trade in which goods or services are exchanged for other goods or services rather than for hard currency. This type of international trade is more common in developing countries with limited foreign exchange or credit facilities. Coun...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/country-limit.asp
Country Limit
Country Limit What Are Country Limits? In banking, country limit refers to the limit placed by a bank on the number of loans that can be given to borrowers in a particular country. Bank limits are similar to the industry limits used by some stock investors to manage their exposure to specific industry sectors. Key Take...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/country-risk-premium.asp
Country Risk Premium (CRP)
Country Risk Premium (CRP) What Is Country Risk Premium (CRP)? Country Risk Premium (CRP) is the additional return or premium demanded by investors to compensate them for the higher risk associated with investing in a foreign country, compared with investing in the domestic market. Overseas investment opportunities are...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/court-order-acceptable-processing-coap.asp
Court Order Acceptable for Processing (COAP)
Court Order Acceptable for Processing (COAP) What Is Court Order Acceptable for Processing (COAP)? A court order acceptable for processing (COAP) is a legal statute granting the ex-spouse or dependent of a federal employee the right to receive all or a portion of the benefits of a government retirement plan in the even...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/covenant.asp
Covenant
Covenant What Is a Covenant? In legal and financial terminology, a covenant is a promise in an indenture, or any other formal debt agreement, that certain activities will or will not be carried out or that certain thresholds will be met. Covenants in finance most often relate to terms in a financial contract, such as a...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cover-letter.asp
Cover Letter
Cover Letter What Is a Cover Letter? A cover letter is a written document commonly submitted with a job application outlining the applicant's credentials and interest in the open position. Since a cover letter is often one of only two documents sent to a potential employer, a well- or poorly-written letter can impact w...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cover.asp
Cover
Cover What Is Cover? The term cover in the context of finance is used to refer to any number of actions that reduce an investor’s exposure. The term cover is different from coverage, which, in the world of finance, refers to insurance coverage in addition to referring to the financial ratios that measure a company's ma...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/coverdellesa.asp
Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA)
Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA) What Is a Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA)? A Coverdell education savings account is a tax-deferred trust account created by the U.S. government to assist families in funding educational expenses for beneficiaries who must be 18 years old or younger when the account is...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/covered-earnings.asp
Covered Earnings
Covered Earnings What Are Covered Earnings? Covered earnings refer to the total amount of an employee's pay that counts toward the calculation of retirement benefits. Generally, the bulk of covered earnings comes from an employee's base pay, though occasionally other types of compensation factor in as well. In the U.S....
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/covered-interest-rate-parity.asp
Covered Interest Rate Parity
Covered Interest Rate Parity What Is Covered Interest Rate Parity? Covered interest rate parity refers to a theoretical condition in which the relationship between interest rates and the spot and forward currency values of two countries are in equilibrium. The covered interest rate parity situation means there is no op...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/coveredcall.asp
Covered Call
Covered Call What Is a Covered Call? A covered call refers to a financial transaction in which the investor selling call options owns an equivalent amount of the underlying security. To execute this an investor holding a long position in an asset then writes (sells) call options on that same asset to generate an income...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/coveredwarrant.asp
Covered Warrant
Covered Warrant What Is Covered Warrant? A covered warrant is a type of warrant where the issuer is a financial institution rather than an individual company and offers the right, but not obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a specified price on or before a specified date. Key Takeaways A covered warrant is a type ...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cox-ingersoll-ross-model.asp
Cox-Ingersoll-Ross Model (CIR)
Cox-Ingersoll-Ross Model (CIR) What Is the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross Model (CIR)? The Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model (CIR) is a mathematical formula used to model interest rate movements and is driven by a sole source of market risk. It is used as a method to forecast interest rates and is based on a stochastic differential equatio...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cpb.asp
Canada Premium Bond (CPB)
Canada Premium Bond (CPB) What is Canada Premium Bond (CPB)? A Canada Premium Bond (CPB) is a low-risk debt instrument issued by the Bank of Canada. It comes with a higher interest rate than a Canada Savings Bond (CSB) with the same maturity but can only be redeemed on its anniversary date or 30 days thereafter. Key ...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cpc.asp
Cost Per Click (CPC)
Cost Per Click (CPC) What Does Cost Per Click Mean? Also known as pay-per-click (PPC), cost per click (CPC) is a method that websites use to bill based on the number of times a visitor clicks on an advertisement. The alternative is a cost per thousand (CPM), which is the number of impressions, or viewers, in thousands,...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cpg.asp
Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG)
Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) What Are Consumer Packaged Goods? Consumer packaged goods (CPG) are items used daily by average consumers that require routine replacement or replenishment, such as food, beverages, clothes, tobacco, makeup, and household products. While consumer demand for CPGs largely remains constant, t...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cpga.asp
Cost Per Gross Addition (CPGA)
Cost Per Gross Addition (CPGA) What Is Cost Per Gross Addition (CPGA)? Cost per gross addition (CPGA) is a ratio used by companies to quantify the incremental costs of acquiring one new customer. Cost per gross addition (CPGA) is mainly employed by subscription-based providers and is also known as "subscriber acquisiti...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cpiu.asp
Consumer Price Index For All Urban Consumers (CPI-U)
Consumer Price Index For All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) What is the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U)? The Consumer Price Index For All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) measures the changes in the price of a basket of goods and services purchased by urban consumers. The urban consumer population is deemed by man...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cpm.asp
Cost Per Thousand (CPM)
Cost Per Thousand (CPM) What Is Cost Per Thousand (CPM)? Cost per thousand (CPM), also called cost per mille, is a marketing term used to denote the price of 1,000 advertisement impressions on one web page. If a website publisher charges $2.00 CPM, that means an advertiser must pay $2.00 for every 1,000 impressions of ...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cpo.asp
Commodity Pool Operator (CPO)
Commodity Pool Operator (CPO) What Is a Commodity Pool Operator (CPO)? A commodity pool operator is a salesperson for a fund, or commodity pool, that trades in securities such as futures contracts or foreign exchange contracts. The commodity pool operator may also make trading decisions or advise other members of the c...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crack.asp
Crack
Crack What Is a Crack? A crack, or crack spread, is a term used in the energy markets to represent the differences between crude oil and the prices of the wholesale petroleum products that derive from it, such as jet fuel, kerosene, home heating oil, and gasoline. Crack or crack spread is a trading strategy used in ene...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crackspread.asp
Crack Spread
Crack Spread What Is a Crack Spread? A crack spread refers to the overall pricing difference between a barrel of crude oil and the petroleum products refined from it. It is an industry-specific type of gross processing margin. The “crack” being referred to is an industry term for breaking apart crude oil into the compo...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/craig-wright.asp
Craig Wright
Craig Wright Who Is Craig Wright? Craig Wright (b.1970) is an Australian computer scientist who claims to be Satoshi Nakamoto, the mysterious inventor of Bitcoin. According to Wright, he was involved in Bitcoin’s creation along with his friend, the deceased computer security expert Dave Kleiman. He made this claim afte...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cram-up.asp
Cram Up
Cram Up What Is a Cram Up? A cram up is when junior classes of creditors impose a cramdown—which allows bankruptcy courts to ignore objections by creditors to recognize debts—on senior classes of creditors during a bankruptcy or reorganization. If enough junior class creditors agree to the terms set by a company seekin...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crammeddown.asp
Crammed Down
Crammed Down What Does Crammed Down Mean? Crammed down refers to an investor or creditor being forced to accept undesirable terms. Crammed down is mainly used to describe either a dilutive venture capital (VC) financing round or the imposition of a bankruptcy reorganization plan by the court. Key Takeaways Crammed do...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crawlingpeg.asp
Crawling Peg
Crawling Peg What Is a Crawling Peg? A crawling peg is a system of exchange rate adjustments in which a currency with a fixed exchange rate is allowed to fluctuate within a band of rates. The par value of the stated currency and the band of rates may also be adjusted frequently, particularly in times of high exchange r...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creationunit.asp
Creation Unit
Creation Unit What Is a Creation Unit? A creation unit is a block of new shares sold by an exchange-traded fund (ETF) company to a broker-dealer for sale on the open market. Creation unit blocks typically range in size, anywhere from 25,000 to 600,000 shares. Broker-dealers can buy the shares in either a cash purchase ...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credence-good.asp
Credence Good
Credence Good What Is a Credence Good? A credence good is a type of good with qualities that cannot be observed by the consumer after purchase, making it difficult to assess its utility. Typical examples of credence goods include expert services such as medical procedures, automobile repairs, and dietary supplements. K...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-card-authorized-user.asp
Credit Card Authorized User
Credit Card Authorized User What Is a Credit Card Authorized User? A credit card authorized user is a person who has permission to use another person’s credit card but isn’t legally responsible for paying the bill. For personal cards, authorized users are usually family members, such as a child or a spouse. Depending o...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-card-funding.asp
Credit Card Funding
Credit Card Funding What Is Credit Card Funding? Credit card funding is the ability to electronically fund a new account, business, or other venture by using a credit card. Credit card funding allows an individual or business to use a readily available source of funds, though the funds are being borrowed and, thus, car...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-card-teaser-rate.asp
Credit Card Teaser Rate
Credit Card Teaser Rate What Is a Credit Card Teaser Rate? A credit card teaser rate is a promotion in which a credit card issuer temporarily offers a below-average annual percentage rate (APR) on their cards. Through these programs, credit card companies hope to attract new cardholders and to encourage existing cardho...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-criteria.asp
Credit Criteria
Credit Criteria What Are Credit Criteria? Credit criteria are the factors used by lenders to determine whether or not to approve a new loan. Although individual lenders might vary in the specific criteria they consider, most lenders converge around a set of five basic factors. Key Takeaways Credit criteria are the fa...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-easing.asp
Credit Easing
Credit Easing What Is Credit Easing? Credit easing is a group of unconventional monetary policy tools used by central banks to make credit and liquidity more readily available in times of financial stress. Credit easing happens when central banks purchase private assets such as corporate bonds. Credit easing aims to in...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-for-qualified-retirement-savings-contribution.asp
Qualified Retirement Savings Contribution Credit
Qualified Retirement Savings Contribution Credit What Is a Qualified Retirement Savings Contribution Credit? The Qualified Retirement Savings Contribution Credit, often abbreviated as the "saver's credit," encourages low-income individuals to contribute to their qualified retirement plans by ultimately reducing their o...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-inquiry.asp
Credit Inquiry
Credit Inquiry What Is a Credit Inquiry? A credit inquiry is a request by an institution for credit report information from a credit reporting agency. Credit inquiries can be from all types of entities for various reasons, but are typically made by financial institutions. They are classified as either a hard inquiry or...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-repair-organizations-act-croa.asp
Credit Repair Organizations Act (CROA)
Credit Repair Organizations Act (CROA) What Is the Credit Repair Organizations Act (CROA)? The Credit Repair Organizations Act (CROA) is a piece of consumer protection legislation that regulates the behavior of companies offering credit repair services. These companies charge customers a fee to help them improve their ...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-risk-certification.asp
Credit Risk Certification
Credit Risk Certification What Is Credit Risk Certification? Credit risk certification is a professional certification awarded by the Risk Management Association (RMA). The credit risk certification is awarded to individuals who have worked in commercial credit and lending or loan review for at least five years and w...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-spread-option.asp
Credit Spread Option
Credit Spread Option What Is a Credit Spread Option? In the financial world, a credit spread option (also known as a "credit spread") is an options contract that includes the purchase of one option and the sale of a second similar option with a different strike price. Effectively, by exchanging two options of the same ...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit-worthiness.asp
Creditworthiness
Creditworthiness What Is Creditworthiness? Creditworthiness is how a lender determines that you will default on your debt obligations, or how worthy you are to receive new credit. Your creditworthiness is what creditors look at before they approve any new credit to you. Creditworthiness is determined by several factors...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit_life_insurance.asp
Credit Life Insurance
Credit Life Insurance What Is Credit Life Insurance? Credit life insurance is a type of life insurance policy designed to pay off a borrower's outstanding debts if the borrower dies. The face value of a credit life insurance policy decreases proportionately with the outstanding loan amount as the loan is paid off over ...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit_market.asp
Credit Market
Credit Market What Is the Credit Market? Credit market refers to the market through which companies and governments issue debt to investors, such as investment-grade bonds, junk bonds, and short-term commercial paper. Sometimes called the debt market, the credit market also includes debt offerings, such as notes and se...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credit_scoring.asp
Credit Scoring
Credit Scoring What Is Credit Scoring? Credit scoring is a statistical analysis performed by lenders and financial institutions to determine a person’s or a small, owner-operated business’ creditworthiness. Credit scoring is used by lenders to help decide whether to extend or deny credit. A credit score can impact many...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditanalysis.asp
Credit Analysis
Credit Analysis What Is Credit Analysis? Credit analysis is a type of financial analysis that an investor or bond portfolio manager performs on companies, governments, municipalities, or any other debt-issuing entities to measure the issuer's ability to meet its debt obligations. Credit analysis seeks to identify the a...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditbalance.asp
Credit Balance
Credit Balance What is a Credit Balance? Credit balance refers to the funds generated from the execution of a short sale that is credited to the client's account, including margin requirements and available funds. It is the amount of borrowed funds, usually from the broker, deposited in the customer's margin account fo...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditbureau.asp
Credit Bureau
Credit Bureau What Is a Credit Bureau? A credit bureau, also known in the U.S. as a “credit reporting company” or “credit reporting agency,” is an organization that collects and researches individual credit information and sells it for a fee to creditors, so they can make decisions on granting loans. Key Takeaways ...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditcard.asp
Credit Card
Credit Card What Is a Credit Card? A credit card is a thin rectangular piece of plastic or metal issued by a bank or financial services company, that allows cardholders to borrow funds with which to pay for goods and services with merchants that accept cards for payment. Credit cards impose the condition that cardholde...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditcrunch.asp
Credit Crunch
Credit Crunch What is a Credit Crunch? A credit crunch refers to a decline in lending activity by financial institutions brought on by a sudden shortage of funds. Often an extension of a recession, a credit crunch makes it nearly impossible for companies to borrow because lenders are scared of bankruptcies or defaults,...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditdefaultswap.asp
Credit Default Swap (CDS) Definition
Credit Default Swap (CDS) Definition What is a Credit Default Swap (CDS)? A credit default swap (CDS) is a financial derivative or contract that allows an investor to "swap" or offset his or her credit risk with that of another investor. For example, if a lender is worried that a borrower is going to default on a loan,...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditenhancement.asp
Credit Enhancement
Credit Enhancement What Is Credit Enhancement? Credit enhancement is a strategy for improving the credit risk profile of a business, usually to obtain better terms for repaying debt. In the financial industry, credit enhancement may be used to reduce the risks to investors of certain structured financial products. [Imp...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditinsurance.asp
Credit Insurance Defined
Credit Insurance Defined What is Credit Insurance? Credit insurance is a type of insurance policy purchased by a borrower that pays off one or more existing debts in the event of a death, disability, or in rare cases, unemployment. Credit insurance is marketed most often as a credit card feature, with the monthly cost ...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditquality.asp
Credit Quality
Credit Quality What Is Credit Quality? Credit quality is a measurement of an individual's or company's creditworthiness, or the ability to repay its debt. Credit quality is an indicator of credit risk. Credit quality is also one of the principal criteria used for judging the investment quality of a bond or a bond mutua...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditspread.asp
Credit Spread
Credit Spread What is a Credit Spread? A credit spread is the difference in yield between a U.S. Treasury bond and another debt security of the same maturity but different credit quality. Credit spreads between U.S. Treasuries and other bond issuances are measured in basis points, with a 1% difference in yield equal to...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditunion.asp
Credit Union
Credit Union What Is a Credit Union? A credit union is a type of financial cooperative that provides traditional banking services. Ranging in size from small, volunteer-only operations to large entities with thousands of participants spanning the country, credit unions can be formed by large corporations, organizations...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crisis-management.asp
Crisis Management
Crisis Management What Is Crisis Management? Crisis management is the identification of threats to an organization and its stakeholders, and the methods used by the organization to deal with these threats. Due to the unpredictability of global events, organizations must be able to cope with the potential for drastic ch...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/critical-path-analysis.asp
Critical Path Analysis (CPA)
Critical Path Analysis (CPA) What Is Critical Path Analysis? Critical path analysis (CPA) is a project management technique that requires mapping out every key task that is necessary to complete a project. It includes identifying the amount of time necessary to finish each activity and the dependencies of each activity...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crop-yield.asp
Crop Yield
Crop Yield What Is Crop Yield? Crop yield is a measurement of the amount of agricultural production harvested—yield of a crop—per unit of land area. Crop yield is the measure most often used for cereal, grain, or legumes and typically is measured in bushels or pounds per acre in the U.S. Sample sizes of a harvested cro...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cross-collateralization.asp
Cross Collateralization
Cross Collateralization What Is Cross Collateralization? Cross collateralization is the act of using an asset that's collateral for an initial loan as collateral for a second loan. If the debtor is unable to make either loan's scheduled repayments on time, the affected lenders can eventually force the liquidation of th...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cross-currency-settlement-risk.asp
Cross-Currency Settlement Risk
Cross-Currency Settlement Risk What Is Cross-Currency Settlement Risk? Cross-currency settlement risk is a type of settlement risk in which a party involved in a foreign exchange transaction sends the currency it has sold but does not receive the currency it has bought. In cross-currency settlement risk, the full amoun...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cross-currency-transaction.asp
Cross-Currency Transaction
Cross-Currency Transaction What is a Cross-Currency Transaction? A cross-currency transaction may be used as an arbitrage strategy that involves the simultaneous buying and selling of two or more currencies. This is designed to exploit the differences between currency pairs. This is also called cross-currency triangula...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cross-holding.asp
Cross Holding
Cross Holding What Is Cross Holding? Cross holding is a situation in which a publicly-traded corporation owns stock in another publicly-traded company. So, technically, listed corporations own securities issued by other listed corporations. Cross holding can lead to double-counting, whereby the equity of each company i...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cross-listing.asp
Cross-Listing
Cross-Listing What Is Cross-Listing? Cross-listing is the listing of a company's common shares on a different exchange than its primary and original stock exchange. To be approved for cross-listing, the company in question must meet the same requirements as any other listed member of the exchange with regard to account...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cross.asp
Cross
Cross What Is a Cross? The term "cross" has three primary definitions in finance: The first type of cross is when a broker receives a buy and sell order for the same stock at the same price, and subsequently makes a simultaneous trade between two separate customers at that price. Variations of this are the market openi...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crossmargining.asp
Cross Margining
Cross Margining What Is Cross Margining? Cross margining is the process of offsetting positions whereby excess margin from a trader's margin account is transferred to another one of their margin accounts to satisfy maintenance margin requirements. It is allowing the trader to use their available margin balance across a...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crossoverinvestor.asp
Crossover Investor
Crossover Investor What Is a Crossover Investor? A crossover investor is a public equity market investor who is active in multiple segments of the private investment markets. This investor is involved from the non-public company pre-initial public offering (IPO) stage up to, through, and after the IPO. Crossover invest...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crosstrade.asp
Cross Trade
Cross Trade What Is a Cross Trade? A cross trade is a practice where buy and sell orders for the same asset are offset without recording the trade on the exchange. It is an activity that is not permitted on most major exchanges. A cross trade also occurs legitimately when a broker executes matched buy and a sell orders...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crowdfunding.asp
Crowdfunding
Crowdfunding What is Crowdfunding? Crowdfunding is the use of small amounts of capital from a large number of individuals to finance a new business venture. Crowdfunding makes use of the easy accessibility of vast networks of people through social media and crowdfunding websites to bring investors and entrepreneurs tog...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crowdsourcing.asp
Crowdsourcing
Crowdsourcing What Is Crowdsourcing? Crowdsourcing involves obtaining work, information, or opinions from a large group of people who submit their data via the Internet, social media, and smartphone apps. People involved in crowdsourcing sometimes work as paid freelancers, while others perform small tasks on a voluntar...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crowncorporation.asp
Crown Corporation
Crown Corporation What Is a Crown Corporation? A crown corporation is any corporation that is established and regulated by a country's state or government. This is the opposite of private companies, which are privately owned, structured, and operated to serve the owners of the company. The government commercially owns ...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crude-stockpiles.asp
Crude Stockpiles
Crude Stockpiles What Are Crude Stockpiles? Crude oil stockpiles, also known as inventory, are reserves of unrefined petroleum measured in numbers of barrels. Oil producers and governments use crude stockpiles to smooth out the impact of changes in supply and demand. Inventory levels are affected by OPEC's production d...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crypto-commodity.asp
Crypto Commodity
Crypto Commodity DEFINITION of Crypto Commodity Crypto-commodity is a general term used to describe a tradable or fungible asset that may represent a commodity, utility, or a contract in the real- or the virtual-world on the blockchain network through exclusive tokens. BREAKING DOWN Crypto Commodity A quick dive into t...
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https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crypto-token.asp
Crypto Tokens
Crypto Tokens What Are Cryptocurrencies? Cryptocurrency, altcoins, and crypto tokens are often erroneously used interchangeably in the virtual currency world. However, cryptocurrency is the superset, and altcoins and crypto tokens are its two subset categories. A cryptocurrency is a standard currency used for making or...