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c6aa094f68ff34c6906e02f9e1c53148
https://www.britannica.com/topic/St-Elsewhere-American-television-program
St. Elsewhere
St. Elsewhere St. Elsewhere, American television medical drama widely acclaimed for its unflinching treatment of life-and-death issues, its naturalistic visual style, and its humour. Among the most critically praised shows of the 1980s, St. Elsewhere aired for six seasons (1982–88) on the National Broadcasting Co. (NB...
30fbf57e016b4877164ec049b8ee56e0
https://www.britannica.com/topic/St-Matthew-Passion-BWV-244
St. Matthew Passion, BWV 244
St. Matthew Passion, BWV 244 St. Matthew Passion, BWV 244, byname of The Passion According to St. Matthew, German byname Matthäus-Passion or Matthäuspassion, Passion music by Johann Sebastian Bach. Its earliest verified performance was April 11, 1727—Good Friday—at Thomaskirche in Leipzig. It is the longest and most e...
a1823c7448fe12825a0a32465bc6008d
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stage-Manager-fictional-character
Stage Manager
Stage Manager Stage Manager, fictional character who acts as the narrator of Thornton Wilder’s play Our Town (1938). The Stage Manager both participates in and comments on the action of the play.
437d042f6ea9cd744027134a3383db08
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Staircase-film-by-Donen
Staircase
Staircase … as a gay couple in Staircase (1969). In 1974 Donen made an inauspicious return to the world of musicals with The Little Prince.
f6f612e50fd7aabac6641af4bbb1e2b5
https://www.britannica.com/topic/stakeholder/Stakeholder-management-and-corporate-governance
Stakeholder management and corporate governance
Stakeholder management and corporate governance Stakeholder management contributes to corporate governance by helping to handle the multiple and often conflicting stakes held by the complex networks of groups that surround any company. The interactions, coalitions, behaviours, roles, resources, and preferences within a...
9545c0e667758c2dfb5cee9dabe19403
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stalin-Constitution
Stalin Constitution
Stalin Constitution The Stalin constitution continued, together with the Rules of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, to serve as the formal framework of government until the ratification of a new, though rather similar, constitution in 1977. The procedures established by these documents, however, were not able…
97eff623fd7d243d526295708e7ebdda
https://www.britannica.com/topic/stalking-crime
Stalking
Stalking Stalking, the crime of following another person against his or her wishes and harassing that person. The status of stalking as a criminal offense is relatively new, having emerged in the early 1990s, although the behaviours that characterize stalking are not. What is today called stalking was assigned differe...
9bafd86e6593f7167736b6b8c6446c18
https://www.britannica.com/topic/stall-church-architecture
Stall
Stall …seats had developed into choir stalls, built-in rows of prayer rests and hinged seats, which, when folded, often revealed misericords—projections used for support during long periods of standing.
f1d1ba0e79f3ffe01c94b345d668728d
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stalwart
Stalwart
Stalwart Stalwart, in U.S. history, member of a faction of the Republican Party that opposed the civil-service reform policies of President Rutherford B. Hayes and sought unsuccessfully a third presidential term for Ulysses S. Grant. The Stalwarts, or regular Republicans, vied with the generally more liberal Half-Bre...
cce42eeabeb48de7d459bab990b7f287
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Standard-and-Poors
Standard & Poor’s
Standard & Poor’s …United States the largest are Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investors Service), and they generally run from AAA to D. Bonds with ratings from AAA to BBB are regarded as “investment grade”—i.e., suitable for purchase by banks and other fiduciary institutions. Bonds with ratings below BBB are considere...
8c28252e5b65205ecbf926cbc5a3af9a
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Standard-Dutch-language
Standard Dutch language
Standard Dutch language Standard Dutch (Standaardnederlands or Algemeen Nederlands) is used for public and official purposes, including instruction in schools and universities. A wide variety of local dialects are used in informal situations, such as among family, friends, and others from the same village (these exist ...
f7c0d6edc1f1f093e5eb8ea24b5da782
https://www.britannica.com/topic/standard-heraldry
Standard
Standard Of the main types, the standard was the largest and was intended, from its size, to be stationary. It marked the position of an important individual before a battle, during a siege, throughout a ceremony, or at a tournament. For the monarch it marked the palace, castle, saluting base, tent,… …bearings of the o...
a0f9b7f3a3583fb1c9fcfc467bc71042
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Standard-Oil
Standard Oil
Standard Oil Standard Oil, in full Standard Oil Company and Trust, American company and corporate trust that from 1870 to 1911 was the industrial empire of John D. Rockefeller and associates, controlling almost all oil production, processing, marketing, and transportation in the United States. Standard Oil (in full, S...
7ecf0d1bee30454927089f7b31a96a1e
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Standard-Oil-Company-of-New-Jersey-v-United-States
Standard Oil Company of New Jersey v. United States
Standard Oil Company of New Jersey v. United States In Standard Oil Company of New Jersey v. United States and United States v. American Tobacco Company (both 1911) he promulgated the idea that a restraint of trade by a monopolistic business must be “unreasonable” to be illegal under the Sherman Act. His failure to def...
10fc523972959e799b48f92e7b35e532
https://www.britannica.com/topic/standing-to-sue
Standing to sue
Standing to sue Standing to sue, in law, the requirement that a person who brings a suit be a proper party to request adjudication of the particular issue involved. The test traditionally applied was whether the party had a personal stake in the outcome of the controversy presented and whether the dispute touched upo...
dbbd88de3ece26ed977c9b87fb2c0008
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stanford-Positron-Electron-Asymmetric-Rings
Stanford Positron-Electron Asymmetric Rings
Stanford Positron-Electron Asymmetric Rings …with the completion of the Stanford Positron-Electron Asymmetric Rings (SPEAR), a collider designed to produce and study electron-positron collisions at energies of 2.5 GeV per beam (later upgraded to 4 GeV). In 1974 physicists working with SPEAR reported the discovery of a ...
8adbf6e20115b097b833b69d7fd0936c
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stanley-Kowalski
Stanley Kowalski
Stanley Kowalski Stanley Kowalski, fictional character, the brutish husband of Stella and brother-in-law of Blanche DuBois in the Pulitzer Prize-winning play A Streetcar Named Desire (1947) by Tennessee Williams. Actor Marlon Brando delivered a powerful performance in the role, both on Broadway and in the 1951 motion ...
17e3facc6033e928f01d3d0ac2bc1f1a
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Star-Trek-and-Our-Nuclear-World-2119755
Star Trek and Our Nuclear World
Star Trek and Our Nuclear World After atomic bombs were detonated over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Albert Einstein wrote, “The release of atomic power has changed everything except our way of thinking.” More than 70 years have passed since then, and our thinking has not changed. The world possesses m...
a2802021ff65884b81019d9ac5cd84b6
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Star-Trek-The-Motion-Picture
Star Trek—The Motion Picture
Star Trek—The Motion Picture …numerous feature films, among them Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979), which was followed by five further movies featuring the cast of the television show; Star Trek Generations (1994), which was the first of four movies set in the world established by the Next Generation television seri...
f8711548742f55b5768a0659c1a0a47d
https://www.britannica.com/topic/StarCraft
StarCraft
StarCraft StarCraft, electronic game published by Blizzard Entertainment (now a division of Activision Blizzard). Released in March 1998, it went on to become one of the most successful real-time strategy (RTS) games of all time. StarCraft incorporated many of the features that were regarded as standard for the RTS ge...
ba17d9625918a1736a7ee2e4c334609f
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stardust-song-by-Carmichael
Stardust
Stardust …version of his song “Stardust” in 1927; the song, an instrumental until fitted with lyrics by Mitchell Parrish in 1929, attracted little notice at first. In 1930 Isham Jones and his Orchestra had a hit with the song, and it went on to become one of the most renowned… …the Rain” (1953) and “Stardust” (1955), b...
addd622b1e2e963cabad37e637921591
https://www.britannica.com/topic/start-up-company
Start-up company
Start-up company …also invested in these “start-up” enterprises, personally demonstrating his desire to integrate the university with industry in the region. …made it the most-valuable tech startup in the world. In April of that year, Xiaomi demonstrated the power of its brand when it sold 2.1 million smartphones onlin...
03cf64baa2e2ba933424aa38ef997e52
https://www.britannica.com/topic/State-Academic-Folk-Dance-Ensemble
State Academic Folk Dance Ensemble
State Academic Folk Dance Ensemble …festival, he founded (1937) the State Academic Folk Dance Ensemble, which featured 35 dancers, principally amateurs, and dances from the 11 republics then forming the U.S.S.R. Subsequently he built a company of about 100 professional dancers trained by either the Bolshoi Theatre Scho...
2487c940de7017a32ad451b256833633
https://www.britannica.com/topic/State-Bank-of-Vietnam
State Bank of Vietnam
State Bank of Vietnam The State Bank of Vietnam, the central bank, issues the national currency, the dong, and oversees the country’s banking system. Known until 1975 as the National Bank of Vietnam in the north, the State Bank of Vietnam formerly functioned as a government monopoly in the banking…
d39b3132aacf48a3f612c94345736963
https://www.britannica.com/topic/State-Council-South-Korean-government
State Council
State Council The State Council, the highest executive body, is composed of the president, the prime minister, the heads of executive ministries, and ministers without portfolio. The prime minister is appointed by the president and approved by the elected National Assembly (Kuk Hoe).
a3163b7bfa24ac55cdfc8880e7e30470
https://www.britannica.com/topic/State-of-Wonder
State of Wonder
State of Wonder …mortality are the focus of State of Wonder (2011), in which a pharmaceutical researcher travels to the Amazon Rainforest to investigate both the death of a colleague and a scientist’s work on an infertility drug. The Getaway Car: A Practical Memoir About Writing and Life (2011) was a brief e-book.…
8ee417eec75f22ad25091f085ad6110f
https://www.britannica.com/topic/State-Shinto
State Shintō
State Shintō State Shintō, Japanese Kokka Shintō, nationalistic official religion of Japan from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 through World War II. It focused on ceremonies of the imperial household and public Shintō shrines. State Shintō was founded on the ancient precedent of saisei itchi, the unity of religion and ...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/State-University-of-New-York
State University of New York
State University of New York State University of New York, state-supported system of higher education established in 1948 with some 64 campuses located throughout the state of New York. SUNY was officially organized more than 150 years after the state legislature, in its first session (1784) after the American Revolut...
c399e2760d837c4b951f7b3030bf7d06
https://www.britannica.com/topic/statistical-determinism
Statistical determinism
Statistical determinism The statistical determinism inaugurated by Quetelet had a quite different character. Now it was not necessary to know things in infinite detail. At the microlevel, indeed, knowledge often fails, for who can penetrate the human soul so fully as to comprehend why a troubled individual has…
13436d09d92c7951891bbe70437d265c
https://www.britannica.com/topic/statistical-independence
Statistical independence
Statistical independence One of the most important concepts in probability theory is that of “independence.” The events A and B are said to be (stochastically) independent if P(B|A) = P(B), or equivalently if The definition of statistical independence—namely, that the probability of a compound event composed of the int...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/statistical-quality-control
Statistical quality control
Statistical quality control Statistical quality control, the use of statistical methods in the monitoring and maintaining of the quality of products and services. One method, referred to as acceptance sampling, can be used when a decision must be made to accept or reject a group of parts or items based on the quality ...
9530a062f5b0549fd0bd5c3c9e7f1353
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Status-of-the-Worlds-Tropical-Forests-1673338/Ranching-and-mining
Ranching and mining
Ranching and mining Most of those who come to the Amazon in resettlement programs are ill-prepared to become frontier farmers in an environment so naturally unsuitable to field agriculture, and the plots are soon abandoned. But the forest does not often reclaim the land; it is usually taken over by cattle ranchers firs...
3f946fbc6a9890561aa1bfc61caa14ec
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stax-Records-1688490
Stax Records
Stax Records Founded in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1960 by country music fiddle player Jim Stewart and his sister Estelle Axton, following a previous false start with Satellite Records, Stax maintained a down-home, family atmosphere during its early years. Black and white musicians and singers worked together in relaxed co...
ef6b9fcf97f3b3792a4795dc0913675a
https://www.britannica.com/topic/stay-at-home-order
Stay-at-home order
Stay-at-home order …and many businesses closed, and stay-at-home guidelines were implemented, which strongly encouraged people not to leave their places of residence.
7cf32c072ed2d734123daa819cc505f6
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Steamboat-Willie
Steamboat Willie
Steamboat Willie Steamboat Willie (1928), Mickey’s third film, took the country by storm. A missing element—sound—had been added to animation, making the illusion of life that much more complete, that much more magical. Later, Disney would add carefully synchronized music (The Skeleton Dance, 1929), three-strip Technic...
cc1f6ec956c27a88f6f682ad43a6e7a1
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stecknitz-Canal
Stecknitz Canal
Stecknitz Canal Stecknitz Canal, German Stecknitzfahrt, Europe’s first summit-level canal (canal that connects two water-drainage regions), linking the Stecknitz River (a tributary of the Trave River) with the Delvenau River (a tributary of the Elbe River). The 11.5-km (7-mile) canal was built between 1390 and 1398 to...
723e5862b6bcabca762999299bdd36a0
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Steinhart-Aquarium
Steinhart Aquarium
Steinhart Aquarium Steinhart Aquarium, public aquarium in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, noted for its innovative displays. The facility was opened in 1923 and is administered by the California Academy of Sciences. Besides having about 5,000 specimens of some 350 species of fish, the aquarium maintains a collection...
2257526a2ec7f545681ca4b2b2b38b58
https://www.britannica.com/topic/stela
Stela
Stela Stela, also spelled stele (Greek: “shaft” or “pillar”), plural stelae, standing stone slab used in the ancient world primarily as a grave marker but also for dedication, commemoration, and demarcation. Although the origin of the stela is unknown, a stone slab, either decorated or undecorated, was commonly used a...
18eaa3e737b8cbe353b3074eb48264a4
https://www.britannica.com/topic/stenotypy
Stenotypy
Stenotypy Stenotypy, a system of machine shorthand in which letters or groups of letters phonetically represent syllables, words, phrases, and punctuation marks. The machine—mainly the commercial Stenotype, or Stenograph—which is commonly used in court reporting, is virtually noiseless and can be operated at speeds o...
c0fb9bd43c376e803e749e0f90601633
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Step-Pyramid
Step Pyramid
Step Pyramid …the Heb-Sed court in the Step Pyramid complex of Djoser, in Ṣaqqārah, much information has been gleaned about the festival. The king first presented offerings to a series of gods and then was crowned, first with the white crown of Upper Egypt and then with the red crown of Lower… …stone vases from the 3rd...
badd05682586c80f2aac9088fd9c11f4
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stepennaya-kniga
Stepennaya kniga
Stepennaya kniga His Stepennaya Kniga (“Book of Generations”) is a comprehensive history of Russian ruling families and a compendium of earlier chronicles.
c8ec060b6d73f5e3f78062967cd9c204
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stephanites-kai-Ichnelates
Stephanites kai Ichnelates
Stephanites kai Ichnelates …11th-century version in Greek, the Stephanites kai Ichnelates, from which translations were made into Latin and various Slavic languages. It was the 12th-century Hebrew version of Rabbi Joel, however, that became the source of most European versions.
bd3a6c72a1790420bb15c1c835de94ef
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Steppe-by-Chekhov
Steppe
Steppe …question—a long story entitled “Steppe”—he at last turned his back on comic fiction. “Steppe,” an autobiographical work describing a journey in the Ukraine as seen through the eyes of a child, is the first among more than 50 stories published in a variety of journals and selections between 1888…
eb643916ff34935f80ee875ad18f726a
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Steuben-Glass-Company
Steuben Glass Company
Steuben Glass Company Steuben Glass Company, glassworks founded in 1903 by T.G. Hawkes and Frederick Carder at Corning, New York. It was purchased by the Corning Glass Works in 1918 but continued to be directed by Carder until 1933. The company became known for fancy coloured glassware, particularly a type with an iri...
99b123d09ef7b6c7f9801af1bd90cf75
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stevens-Duryea
Stevens-Duryea
Stevens-Duryea …three-wheeled, and Frank developed the Stevens-Duryea, one of the best known of the early standard makes, a high-priced limousine that continued in production into the 1920s.
1c83c0464cdbdb7fb4982c87c4b1fa5e
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sthanakavasi
Sthanakavasi
Sthanakavasi Sthanakavasi, (Sanskrit: “meetinghouse-dweller”) a modern subsect of the Shvetambara (“White-robed”) sect of Jainism, a religion of India. The group is also sometimes called the Dhundhia (Sanskrit: “searchers”). The Sthanakavasi, whose name refers to the subsect’s preference for performing religious dutie...
d3ce26533e393502319b23e1da551b3a
https://www.britannica.com/topic/stickball
Stickball
Stickball Stickball, game played on a street or other restricted area, with a stick, such as a mop handle or broomstick, and a hard rubber ball. Stickball developed in the late 18th century from such English games as old cat, rounders, and town ball. Stickball also relates to a game played in southern England and col...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sticks-and-Bones
Sticks and Bones
Sticks and Bones In Sticks and Bones (1972; film 1973), a blinded, distraught veteran returns to his middle-American family; he cannot deal with his anger and sorrow, and they eagerly help him commit suicide. The work was Rabe’s first to be mounted on Broadway, and it won a Tony…
ac3627b6474570b6aa818e6a9e1beaea
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stiff-Records-Do-It-Yourself-Daring-1688491
Stiff Records: Do-It-Yourself Daring
Stiff Records: Do-It-Yourself Daring Independent labels have given voice to music otherwise ignored or rebuffed by the major labels. Stiff was set up to record pub rock, yet it prospered because of punk, the style that displaced the pub rock movement. This is but one of several paradoxes associated with that label, whi...
7d42b037ae3292eaca906833ed1b4dac
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Still-Life-play-by-Coward
Still Life
Still Life Still Life, one-act play by Noël Coward, produced and published in 1936, about a pair of middle-aged lovers doomed to part. Still Life was one of a group of one-act plays by Coward that were performed in various combinations, making up three shows titled Tonight at 8:30 (1936). Laura and Alec become acquain...
fcda58705af5a2dd966300eacf40390a
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stillbay-industry
Stillbay industry
Stillbay industry Stillbay industry, assemblage of Late Paleolithic stone tools, found first in Cape Province, S.Af., and dating from about 30,000 to 50,000 years ago. The stone flake culture reached from Ethiopia in the north to South Africa along the eastern coast and produced a variety of stone tools that are like...
944469853f88887219890cc491878238
https://www.britannica.com/topic/stock-option
Stock option
Stock option Stock option, contractual agreement enabling the holder to buy or sell a security at a designated price for a specified period of time, unaffected by movements in its market price during the period. Put and call options, purchased both for speculative and hedging reasons, are made by persons anticipating...
3cbae0b21440acd719b8cf6665f0af26
https://www.britannica.com/topic/stockholder
Stockholder
Stockholder In liberal models of capitalism, such as Great Britain and the United States, shareholder governance is the dominant company form. On this model, companies exist to serve the interests of shareholders. Shareholders are deemed to be the owners of a firm, which means… …a legal sense are the shareholders, who ...
bbe8d2615159597ba10831888786169e
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stoicism/Ancient-Stoicism
Ancient Stoicism
Ancient Stoicism With the death of Aristotle (322 bce) and that of Alexander the Great (323 bce), the greatness of the life and thought of the Greek city-state (polis) ended. With Athens no longer the centre of worldly attraction, its claim to urbanity and cultural prominence passed on to other cities—to Rome, to Alexa...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stoicism/Later-Roman-Stoicism
Later Roman Stoicism
Later Roman Stoicism The Middle Stoa, which flourished in the 2nd and early 1st centuries bce, was dominated chiefly by two philosophers of Rhodes: Panaetius, its founder, and his disciple Poseidonius. Panaetius organized a Stoic school in Rome before returning to Athens, and Poseidonius was largely responsible for an ...
942a9f38e8019fd5edd1353dbf33b987
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stone-Mattress
Stone Mattress
Stone Mattress … (1991), Moral Disorder (2006), and Stone Mattress (2014). Her nonfiction includes Negotiating with the Dead: A Writer on Writing (2002), which grew out of a series of lectures she gave at the University of Cambridge; Payback (2008; film 2012), an impassioned essay that treats debt—both personal and gov...
284a9fe098775c9348e9c63cd5d0260f
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stone-of-Scone
Stone of Scone
Stone of Scone Stone of Scone, also called Stone of Destiny, Scottish Gaelic Lia Fail, stone that for centuries was associated with the crowning of Scottish kings and then, in 1296, was taken to England and later placed under the Coronation Chair. The stone, weighing 336 pounds (152 kg), is a rectangular block of pale...
2c5c8ae7cd7c5487818d4b44d5d67758
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stonehenge-Plans-Description-and-Theories
Stonehenge: Plans, Description, and Theories
Stonehenge: Plans, Description, and Theories His Stonehenge: Plans, Description, and Theories was published in 1880, and in that same year he began the surveys and excavation of the Great Pyramid at Giza, which initiated his four decades of exploration in the Middle East.
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stonehenge/First-stage-3000-2935-bce
First stage: 3000–2935 bce
First stage: 3000–2935 bce The oldest part of the Stonehenge monument was built during the period from 3000 to 2935 bce. It consists of a circular enclosure that is more than 330 feet (100 metres) in diameter, enclosing 56 pits called the Aubrey Holes, named after John Aubrey, who identified them in 1666. The ditch of ...
65f0ff0b942cc12a333bebc15535a904
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stonehenge/Third-stage-2470-2280-bce
Third stage: 2470–2280 bce
Third stage: 2470–2280 bce Radiocarbon dating indicates that the side ditches and banks of a ceremonial avenue almost 2 miles (3 km) long were dug from Stonehenge to the River Avon at some time in the period between 2470 and 2280 bce. It is possible that the avenue traces the path of the bluestones that were moved from...
1a661aaa24a2596d3cc0cf1e374c6348
https://www.britannica.com/topic/stop-speech-sound
Stop
Stop Stop, also called plosive, in phonetics, a consonant sound characterized by the momentary blocking (occlusion) of some part of the oral cavity. A completely articulated stop usually has three stages: the catch (implosion), or beginning of the blockage; the hold (occlusion); and the release (explosion), or opening...
5a5d730e7f05d4f5fab5af0de9964020
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stopping-by-Woods-on-a-Snowy-Evening
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, poem by Robert Frost, published in the collection New Hampshire (1923). One of his most frequently explicated works, it describes a solitary traveler in a horse-drawn carriage who is both driven by the business at hand and transfixed by a wintr...
cf8bbd8a9e6f21d5df40cf7011b7ea4f
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Storm-Center
Storm Center
Storm Center The film Storm Center (1956), starring Bette Davis, was based on some of the events surrounding Brown’s dismissal, though the controversy over racial integration was not included in the film.
e3ab4c4b5ba891aec5031a725e022975
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Storm-Fear
Storm Fear
Storm Fear …A Boy’s Will entitled “Storm Fear,” a grim picture of a blizzard as a raging beast that dares the inhabitants of an isolated house to come outside and be killed. Later, in such poems as “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” and “The Hill Wife,” the benign surface…
a2fefbbeafa71ff69754441a6827e6f4
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Storting
Storting
Storting …when first elected to the Storting (national parliament) in 1833, Ueland became the chief spokesman of Norway’s peasantry in that body for the next three decades. He championed such causes as local self-government, amelioration of the living and working conditions of urban and rural labourers, mass public edu...
a0f69d450859b4332a55f3d30e658643
https://www.britannica.com/topic/straight-rail-billiards
Straight-rail billiards
Straight-rail billiards Straight-rail billiards, billiard game played with three balls (one red and two white) on a table without pockets. The object is to score caroms by hitting both object balls with a cue ball. A player may use either white ball as cue ball but not one that has been placed on one of the small spo...
3dd97ba197d538c2d70235dd8accd794
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Strait-Is-the-Gate
Strait Is the Gate
Strait Is the Gate Strait Is the Gate, tale by André Gide, published in 1909 as La Porte étroite. It is one of the first of his works to treat the problems of human relationships. The work contrasts the yearning toward asceticism and self-sacrifice with the need for sensual exploration as a young woman struggles with ...
b2a156afbf72640c90710ceb431ec83e
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Strange-Interlude
Strange Interlude
Strange Interlude Strange Interlude, Pulitzer Prize-winning drama in two parts and nine acts by Eugene O’Neill. It was produced in 1928 in New York City and was published the same year. The work’s complicated plot is the story of a woman in her roles as daughter, wife, mistress, mother, and friend. Its length was an i...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Strange-Justice-The-Selling-of-Clarence-Thomas
Strange Justice: The Selling of Clarence Thomas
Strange Justice: The Selling of Clarence Thomas Strange Justice: The Selling of Clarence Thomas (1994; cowritten with Jane Mayer) covers the controversial confirmation of Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas in 1991, focusing on Republican efforts to downplay allegations of sexual harassment against him. She experimen...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Strange-Stories-from-a-Chinese-Studio
Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio
Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio). This collection, completed in 1679, was reminiscent of the early literary tale tradition, for it contained several Tang stories retold with embellishments and minor changes to delineate the characters more realistically and to make the plots ...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Strategic-Air-Command-United-States-Air-Force
Strategic Air Command
Strategic Air Command Strategic Air Command (SAC), U.S. military command that served as the bombardment arm of the U.S. Air Force and as a major part of the nuclear deterrent against the Soviet Union between 1946 and 1992. Headquartered first at Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland and then, after November 1948, at Offu...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/strategy-military/Strategy-and-wars-of-national-liberation
Strategy and wars of national liberation
Strategy and wars of national liberation In the years following World War II, scores of new states arose, many of them following protracted struggles of national liberation from European powers attempting to maintain their colonial positions. In so doing, a variety of movements and countries waged war against the techn...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/strategy-military/Strategy-in-antiquity
Strategy in antiquity
Strategy in antiquity The ancient world offers the student of strategy a rich field for inquiry. Indeed, the budding strategist is probably best advised to begin with Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War (c. 404 bce), which describes the contest between two coalitions of Greek city-states between 431 and 404 bc...
3d82657296e4813e72e6f0414d4832ee
https://www.britannica.com/topic/strategy-of-exhaustion
Strategy of exhaustion
Strategy of exhaustion …both types of strategy—overthrow and exhaustion. The Crusader states of the Middle East were gradually exhausted and overwhelmed by constant raiding warfare and the weight of numbers. On the other hand, one or two decisive battles, most notably the ruinous disaster at the Battle of Ḥaṭṭīn (1187)...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stray-Thoughts-on-the-Intended-Primary-Schools-in-Finland
Stray Thoughts on the Intended Primary Schools in Finland
Stray Thoughts on the Intended Primary Schools in Finland …later embodied in his brief Strodda Tankar (Eng. trans. Stray Thoughts on the Intended Primary Schools in Finland).
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Street-Scene-play-by-Rice
Street Scene
Street Scene Street Scene, play in three acts by Elmer Rice, produced and published in 1929. The play is set in a New York City slum and offers a realistic portrayal of life in a tenement building. The story focuses particularly on the tragedy of one family, the Maurrants, which is destroyed when the husband shoots an...
a21e8d57f5940ed37793896fa3f6d65f
https://www.britannica.com/topic/streltsy
Streltsy
Streltsy Streltsy, singular Strelets, (Russian: “musketeer”), Russian military corps established in the middle of the 16th century that formed the bulk of the Russian army for about 100 years, provided the tsar’s bodyguard, and, at the end of the 17th century, exercised considerable political influence. Originally co...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/strict-voter-ID-law
Strict voter ID law
Strict voter ID law …the voter are known as “strict” voter ID laws (e.g., the voter may be given a provisional ballot that is not counted unless the voter presents acceptable identification at an election office within a specified period of time). Voter ID laws are also sometimes said to be more or less…
18f006ca15d283a1a7a0cd08b9c55187
https://www.britannica.com/topic/strike-industrial-relations
Strike
Strike Strike, collective refusal by employees to work under the conditions required by employers. Strikes arise for a number of reasons, though principally in response to economic conditions (defined as an economic strike and meant to improve wages and benefits) or labour practices (intended to improve work condition...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/strike-riot-and-civil-commotion-warranty
Strike, riot, and civil commotion warranty
Strike, riot, and civil commotion warranty …exclude losses resulting from pilferage, strike, riot, civil commotion, war, delay of shipments, loss of markets, illegal trade, or leakage and breakage.
a7c5a30d949098ca0fafaa70f3a10367
https://www.britannica.com/topic/String-Quartet-No-2
String Quartet No. 2
String Quartet No. 2 String Quartet No. 2, string quartet (two violins, a viola, and a cello) by American composer Elliott Carter, in which each instrument is treated as a unique personality engaged in an ongoing exchange of musical ideas—and fragments of ideas—with the other members of the ensemble. The work was comp...
b255c312a63b5bd78af55bd43af7c6ec
https://www.britannica.com/topic/strip-cropping
Strip-cropping
Strip-cropping …conjunction with such practices as strip cropping, terracing, and water diversion. …rows of peanuts in alternating strips is a popular technique. Another is to use a two-year rotation of cotton and grain sorghum, in which two rows are cropped and two rows are fallow. These systems not only afford protec...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stripped
Stripped
Stripped ” Soon after, Aguilera released Stripped (2002), on which she cast off her ingenue image and took on a more provocative sexualized persona, epitomized by her hit single “Dirrty.” Reminiscent of the work of Etta James and Billie Holiday, Back to Basics (2006) paid tribute to Aguilera’s jazz and blues…
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stromateis
Stromateis
Stromateis …but from another place” (Strōmateis), prepared the way for the curriculum of the catechetical school under Origen that became the basis of the medieval quadrivium and trivium (i.e., the liberal arts). This view, however, did not find ready acceptance by the uneducated orthodox Christians of Alexandria, who ...
d50055f2985de31a890a9e1dab59c2f1
https://www.britannica.com/topic/structural-functionalism
Structural functionalism
Structural functionalism Structural functionalism, in sociology and other social sciences, a school of thought according to which each of the institutions, relationships, roles, and norms that together constitute a society serves a purpose, and each is indispensable for the continued existence of the others and of soc...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/structural-grammar
Structural grammar
Structural grammar … provide rules for correct usage), descriptive (i.e., describe how a language is actually used), or generative (i.e., provide instructions for the production of an infinite number of sentences in a language). The traditional focus of inquiry has been on morphology and syntax, and for some contempora...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/STS-5
STS-5
STS-5 …the fifth space shuttle flight (STS-5; November 11–16, 1982), on which the shuttle Columbia first launched two satellites into orbit. On his third space mission, Brand was commander of the Challenger space shuttle (STS-41-B; February 3–11, 1984). Although this trip was plagued by several malfunctions and two com...
4e2d433079a3a1b544fb7da2b233631d
https://www.britannica.com/topic/STS-51G
STS-51G
STS-51G …a payload specialist for the STS-51G space shuttle mission. He embarked on an abbreviated training schedule, and on June 17, 1985, Sultan flew on the space shuttle Discovery as part of a seven-member international crew. During the seven-day mission, Sultan represented the Arab Satellite Communications Organiza...
d3d796a26d47fc166f11d7ab25071245
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stud-Book-Francaise
Stud Book Française
Stud Book Française In France the Stud Book Française (beginning in 1838) originally included two classifications: Orientale (Arab, Turk, and Barb) and Anglais (mixtures according to the English pattern), but these were later reduced to one class, chevaux de pur sang Anglais (“horses of pure English blood”). The Americ...
42aec7ffc221c95319bc9d0095712c19
https://www.britannica.com/topic/student-aid
Student aid
Student aid Student aid, form of assistance designed to help students pay for their education. In general, such awards are known as scholarships, fellowships, or loans; in European usage, a small scholarship is an exhibition, and a bursary is a sum granted to a needy student. Many awards are in the nature of long-ter...
2e058d28bb8b985297c0ac06eb0de064
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Students-t-statistic
Student’s t-statistic
Student’s t-statistic The test statistic t is then calculated. If the observed t-statistic is more extreme than the critical value determined by the appropriate reference distribution, the null hypothesis is rejected. The appropriate reference distribution for the t-statistic is the t distribution. The critical value d...
f89577d79aa74437e8e1940540750085
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Studenty
Studenty
Studenty His first novel, Studenty (1950; “Students”), won the Stalin Prize in 1951. Trifonov went as a journalist to Central Asia, where he reported on the building of the Karakum Canal, the subject of his novel Utoleniye zhazhdy (1963; “Thirst Quenching”). Much of his work during the 1960s appeared…
2508119294a88c9ce900383837fb8e6b
https://www.britannica.com/topic/studia-generale
Studia generale
Studia generale …the medieval schools known as studia generalia; they were generally recognized places of study open to students from all parts of Europe. The earliest studia arose out of efforts to educate clerks and monks beyond the level of the cathedral and monastic schools. The inclusion of scholars from foreign c...
b37c30def9161b1a4b6667adcf0b70ef
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Studies-in-Classic-American-Literature
Studies in Classic American Literature
Studies in Classic American Literature Studies in Classic American Literature, collection of literary criticism by English writer D.H. Lawrence, published in 1923. In this series of essays about great American authors, Lawrence characterized American culture as unsteady and set adrift from the stable moorings of Europ...
1a0df42cc224f5f4e76686589dc6a7f9
https://www.britannica.com/topic/stylite
Stylite
Stylite Stylite, a Christian ascetic who lived standing on top of a column (Greek: stylos) or pillar. Stylites were permanently exposed to the elements, though they might have a little roof above their heads. They stood or sat night and day in their restricted areas, usually with a rail around them, and were dependent...
68e0612c64627b66f363c6180ce0b577
https://www.britannica.com/topic/subculture
Subculture
Subculture …a dominant culture and various subcultures that flourish within the dominant framework. The subcultures show specialized linguistic phenomena, varying widely in form and content, that depend on the nature of the groups and their relation to each other and to the dominant culture. The shock value of slang st...
cd4f31a5db880aa060ef71cafa10bfa5
https://www.britannica.com/topic/subjective-idealism
Subjective idealism
Subjective idealism Subjective idealism, a philosophy based on the premise that nothing exists except minds and spirits and their perceptions or ideas. A person experiences material things, but their existence is not independent of the perceiving mind; material things are thus mere perceptions. The reality of the out...
d961ea40b719ba4d496712a2ea7267b3
https://www.britannica.com/topic/subpoena-duces-tecum
Subpoena duces tecum
Subpoena duces tecum …court for a writ of sub poena duces tecum compelling the third party to produce the document in court. If the original is not produced after this, secondhand evidence of its existence is then permitted. In Continental law there is no similar obligation to produce documents. The adversary or third…...
8c35272b830a49c67c54d515bf7ddde1
https://www.britannica.com/topic/subrogation
Subrogation
Subrogation …element in liability policies is subrogation: the insurer retains the right to bring an action against a liable third party for any loss this third party has caused. …contracts is the principle of subrogation, under which the insurer may be entitled to recovery from liable third parties. In fire insurance,...
28dff925112e8605aeee2a7c06f7718c
https://www.britannica.com/topic/subscription-library
Subscription library
Subscription library Part public, part private, these libraries enjoyed much popularity from the late 17th to the 19th century. Many of them were set up by associations of scholarly professional groups for the benefit of academies, colleges, and institutions, but their membership was also open…