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https://www.historynet.com/film-recon-operation-finale.htm
FILM RECON: “Operation Finale” review
FILM RECON: “Operation Finale” review SNAPSHOT: Operation Finale portrays Israel’s daring 1960 mission to capture Adolf Eichmann and bring him to justice. It is a good attempt with some effective scenes, but the film itself lacks the tension critical to its retelling. ON TARGET: If forced to choose a single word to des...
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https://www.historynet.com/finding-shaws-sword.htm
A ‘Once in a Lifetime’ Discovery
A ‘Once in a Lifetime’ Discovery A dusty attic chamber and dogged research yielded a remarkable relic—the long-lost sword carried by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw The Massachusetts Historical Society’s 2017 acquisition of the long-lost sword Colonel Robert Gould Shaw wielded as he led the all-black 54th Massachusetts Infan...
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https://www.historynet.com/finny-industry-sends-island-up-in-flames.htm
Finny Industry Sends Island Up in Flames
Finny Industry Sends Island Up in Flames Inferno transforms Nantucket from whaling mecca to seaside resort Swabbies in the U.S. Navy of the mid-1800s coveted coastal survey duty. Crews doing this work mapped such details as depths, shallows, obstructions, and tides along the American coasts. Survey duty meant regular s...
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https://www.historynet.com/fire-eaters-fantasy.htm
Fire-Eater’s Fantasy
Fire-Eater’s Fantasy Edmund Ruffin’s 1860 book predicted a Civil War from which the South emerged triumphant The irony is rich—avid abolitionist John Brown saved the life of Fire-eater Edmund Ruffin, and gave purpose to the Southerner’s life. Ruffin, a wealthy Virginia planter and slaveowner, was known for his scientif...
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https://www.historynet.com/fire-effect-inertia.htm
Fire for Effect: Inertia in the Solomons
Fire for Effect: Inertia in the Solomons SIR ISAAC NEWTON CALLED IT his “first law of motion,” and you’ve all heard some version of it. The colloquial rendition is that “an object in motion tends to remain in motion; an object at rest tends to stay at rest.” It’s true of a lot of things in life, not just physics. In ge...
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https://www.historynet.com/fire-for-effect-opposition-force.htm
Fire for Effect: Opposition Force
Fire for Effect: Opposition Force Last night, I was talking to my Uncle Carl. Oh, he’s not actually a relative. You probably know him by his last name: Clausewitz, author of the imposing 19th-century tome, On War. It’s just that I turn to him so often that he seems to have become part of my family. When it comes to ana...
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https://www.historynet.com/fire-for-effect-three-minute-marshall.htm
Fire For Effect: Three-Minute Marshall
Fire For Effect: Three-Minute Marshall EVERY MINUTE COUNTS. Just ask General George C. Marshall, the chief of staff of the U.S. Army. On May 13, 1940, he is sitting through a very trying and unproductive meeting with his commander in chief, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and treasury secretary Henry Morgenthau Jr. At...
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https://www.historynet.com/firebombers.htm
Firebombers! Flying on the Edge to Fight Fires
Firebombers! Flying on the Edge to Fight Fires As last fall’s California wildfires demonstrated, the demand for aerial firefighters and the dangers they face have never been greater. The world’s first practical firebomber was a Stearman, a 1939 Boeing 75 that had been converted into a cropduster. In 1955 a California a...
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https://www.historynet.com/first-in-france-the-world-war-ii-pathfinder-who-led-the-way-on-d-day.htm
First In France: The World War II Pathfinder Who Led the Way on D-Day
First In France: The World War II Pathfinder Who Led the Way on D-Day 101st Airborne Division pathfinders and their headstrong leader set foot in a dark Normandy just 15 minutes into D-Day. The shadows were lengthening at England’s North Witham airfield on June 5, 1944, when an officer stepped down from a C-47 transpor...
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https://www.historynet.com/first-italo-abyssinian-war-battle-of-adowa.htm
First Italo-Abyssinian War: Battle of Adowa
First Italo-Abyssinian War: Battle of Adowa Of all the African powers, only the ancient kingdom of Ethiopia remained completely free from European domination by the end of the 19th century. This was no accident of history; Ethiopia secured its sovereignty by inflicting a decisive and humiliating defeat upon the Italian...
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https://www.historynet.com/first-jewish-roman-war.htm
First Jewish-Roman War
First Jewish-Roman War In 64 ad, the part of the province of Syria known as Judea came under the rule of a cruel and avaricious Roman procurator who had no respect for Jewish religious traditions. Abuses multiplied, and a reaction from Zealots — Jews long opposed to the Roman presence in their homeland — was not long i...
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https://www.historynet.com/first-shots-fired-at-pearl-harbor.htm
First Shots Fired At Pearl Harbor
First Shots Fired At Pearl Harbor An old vessel and its new captain and crew of reservists encountered the enemy off Oahu in the crucial minutes before the Pearl Harbor attack. With the dawn of December 6, 1941—the 8,426th consecutive day of peace in America—the venerable USS Ward took in its lines and began slipping t...
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https://www.historynet.com/fisherman-catching-spartacus.htm
The Fisherman: Catching Spartacus
The Fisherman: Catching Spartacus A Roman general sets his nets to catch Spartacus at Bruttium. It was a winter morning in the mountains of southern Italy, in early 71 BC. Normally it was silent at this time of year, when even the herdsmen had left for lower ground. On this day, however, on a ridge about half a mile wi...
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https://www.historynet.com/five-of-the-few-who-helped-to-save-britain.htm
Five of the ‘Few’ Who Helped to Save Britain
Five of the ‘Few’ Who Helped to Save Britain “Never in the field of human conflict was so much been owed by so many to so few,” Prime Minister Winston Churchill famously declared on August 20, 1940. The pitched battle for control of the British skies that had been raging since July between the Royal Air Force and the L...
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https://www.historynet.com/flak-bait-the-ultimate-survivor.htm
Flak-Bait: The Ultimate Survivor
Flak-Bait: The Ultimate Survivor Employees of the Glenn L. Martin Company rolled the B-26B Marauder that would soon be dubbed  Flak-Bait off the Baltimore production line on April 26, 1943. Identified as B-26B-25 MA Bureau No. 41-31173, the twin- ngine medium bomber then took its place in a long line of identical aircr...
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https://www.historynet.com/flaming-flattops.htm
Flaming Flattops: Deadly Fires Struck U.S. Aircraft Carriers
Flaming Flattops: Deadly Fires Struck U.S. Aircraft Carriers To ignore Murphy’s Law—“anything that can go wrong will go wrong”—while conducting flight operations on an aircraft carrier is a capital offense. As 30-ton jets hurtle off the bow, controlled-crash landings are made on the stern and exhausts blaze, the slight...
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https://www.historynet.com/florence-nightingale-crimean-war-heroine.htm
Florence Nightingale: Crimean War Heroine
Florence Nightingale: Crimean War Heroine This year marks the 200th anniversary of the birth of Florence Nightingale, a revolutionary British nurse and humanitarian credited with establishing the cornerstones of modern nursing practices. Nightingale distinguished herself for bravery and ingenuity while caring for wound...
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https://www.historynet.com/flying-blind-the-army-air-corps-delivers-the-mail.htm
Flying Blind: The Army Air Corps Delivers the Mail
Flying Blind: The Army Air Corps Delivers the Mail Tasked with carrying the mail when commercial airmail contracts were canceled in early 1934, the army air corps was thoroughly unprepared for the job— resulting in nearly a dozen airman deaths and accusations of ‘legalized murder’. “Foulois!” General Douglas MacArthur,...
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https://www.historynet.com/for-8-years-former-marine-capt-austin-tice-has-been-held-hostage.htm
For 8 Years Former Marine Capt. Austin Tice Has Been Held Hostage
For 8 Years Former Marine Capt. Austin Tice Has Been Held Hostage On Friday, a “Freedom Clock” is being installed at the National Press Club in Washington. The clock ticks away, adding seconds, minutes, hours to the time that has passed since Marine veteran Capt. Austin Tice was taken hostage while reporting as a freel...
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https://www.historynet.com/fort-and-fortitude-pushing-the-confederate-army-to-the-breaking-point.htm
Fort and Fortitude: Pushing the Confederate Army to the Breaking Point
Fort and Fortitude: Pushing the Confederate Army to the Breaking Point Known in official reports as Redoubt H, it was a key part of the Union’s plan to push the Confederate army to the breaking point. On July 6, 1864, a large contingent of Union soldiers, many hefting picks and shovels, marched to a point just west of ...
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https://www.historynet.com/fourth-crusade-the-second-siege-of-constantinople.htm
Fourth Crusade: The Second Siege of Constantinople
Fourth Crusade: The Second Siege of Constantinople Early in October 1202, a fleet of 200 ships set sail from the lagoon of Venice. Banners whipped from every masthead, some bearing the lion of Venice, others charged with the coats of arms of the noblest houses of France. Leading the fleet was the state galley of Doge E...
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https://www.historynet.com/frank-d-baldwins-service-as-an-indian-fighter.htm
Frank D. Baldwin’s service as an Indian fighter
Frank D. Baldwin’s service as an Indian fighter Hardly known today, this soldier not only earned two Medals of Honor, a rare distinction indeed, but also served his country in conflicts stretching from the Civil War through the Indian campaigns of the Old West and even to World War I, albeit by then strictly as an admi...
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https://www.historynet.com/from-anzios-beaches-to-the-burma-jungle.htm
From Anzio’s Beaches to the Burma Jungle
From Anzio’s Beaches to the Burma Jungle After 53 missions on two continents, a B-25 pilot endured months of maltreatment in a Japanese prison camp. John Henry McCloskey Jr.’s fascination with flying began in 1930, when as an 8-year-old he witnessed a neighbor buzzing the skies above Pittsburgh in his plane. From that ...
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https://www.historynet.com/from-the-grave-miklos-radnotis-last-postcard.htm
From the Grave: Miklós Radnóti’s Last Postcard
From the Grave: Miklós Radnóti’s Last Postcard Miklós Radnóti was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1909. His mother died while giving birth to him and his twin brother, who was stillborn, and his father died when he was 12 years old. Radnóti was taken in by relatives, and he worked for a while in an uncle’s textile busine...
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https://www.historynet.com/gaius-julius-caesars-african-campaign-the-campaign-to-destroy-the-allies-of-gnaeus-pompeius-magnus.htm
Gaius Julius Caesar’s African Campaign: The Campaign to Destroy the Allies of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Gaius Julius Caesar’s African Campaign: The Campaign to Destroy the Allies of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus The cause of the Roman Civil War, which spilled over the Mediterranean Sea to North Africa, lay in the deterioration of social order in the later years of the Roman Republic. The class struggle between the Populares (pa...
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https://www.historynet.com/gallery-scenes-from-the-trojan-war.htm
Scenes From the Trojan War
Scenes From the Trojan War Paris, prince of Troy and son of King Priam, (with scepter) shakes hands with Hermes, accepting his fate to judge the most beautiful of the goddesses. Aphrodite wins the contest by offering Helen (the wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta) to Paris as a bribe, setting off the Trojan War. Amphorae,...
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https://www.historynet.com/gallery-wwi-planes.htm
WWI Planes: Crews, Cockpits, Crashes, Contraptions
WWI Planes: Crews, Cockpits, Crashes, Contraptions Ready for trouble, pilot Sergeant Georges Brou mans a Browning machine gun and his observer, Sub-Lieutenant Jean Billon de Plan, raises his Hotchkiss to practice dealing with an attack from behind in a newly delivered Maurice Farman MF.11bis of escadrille MF.62 at Breu...
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https://www.historynet.com/gen-lees-statue-to-be-removed-from-the-capitol-one-historian-argues-gen-marshall-should-replace-him.htm
Gen. Lee’s Statue to be Removed from the Capitol—One Historian Argues Gen. Marshall Should Replace Him
Gen. Lee’s Statue to be Removed from the Capitol—One Historian Argues Gen. Marshall Should Replace Him Virginia authorities are expected to announce next week which historical figure is to replace Gen. Robert E. Lee in Statuary Hall at the U.S. Capitol, where the statue of the top Confederate battlefield commander has ...
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https://www.historynet.com/general-john-stark-a-patriot-who-rose-above-rank.htm
General John Stark: A Patriot Who Rose Above Rank
General John Stark: A Patriot Who Rose Above Rank Though passed over for promotion by Congress, New Hampshireman John Stark remained devoted to the Patriot cause. (North Wind Picture Archive/Alamy Stock Photo) Benedict Arnold and John Stark were among the greatest fighting men of the American Revolution, yet both were ...
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https://www.historynet.com/george-h-w-bush-shock-of-combat.htm
Shock of Combat Changed George H.W. Bush’s Life
Shock of Combat Changed George H.W. Bush’s Life In 1944, Japanese fire sent a future president into the Pacific President George H.W. Bush died November 30, 2018 at his home in Houston. He was 94. This story appeared in World War II magazine in May 2007. IN THE OLD MAN GEORGE H.W. BUSH, you can still find shadows of th...
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https://www.historynet.com/george-washingtons-tears.htm
George Washington’s Tears
George Washington’s Tears When General Washington wept while bidding his officers farewell, was it sadness at parting from old comrades or bitterness over having let his men down? General George Washington wept as he said farewell to his officers at Fraunces Tavern in New York in December 1783. He wept even more profus...
ecb1e5199d7c89c1d7a3ba1a41f6a1c9
https://www.historynet.com/german-baroness-frederika-riedesel-joins-army.htm
To Keep Her Family Together, a German Baroness Joined the Lowly Ranks of Army Camp Followers
To Keep Her Family Together, a German Baroness Joined the Lowly Ranks of Army Camp Followers On the eve of Saratoga, a high-born wife takes her youngsters to North America to find her husband, a German mercenary. What could go wrong? Catching sight of Quebec, Baroness Frederika Charlotte Riedesel felt her heart pound. ...
eebfe696e77e86c84ec0e26b8fa227a0
https://www.historynet.com/germans-and-russians-work-together-to-discover-fates-of-war-dead.htm
Germans and Russians Work Together to Discover Fates of War Dead
Germans and Russians Work Together to Discover Fates of War Dead German and Russian authorities have achieved a new level of bilateral cooperation to overcome their nations’ bitter World War II history with a new archival sharing agreement launched this year. The two countries will share digital copies of historical re...
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https://www.historynet.com/germanys-sixth-army-in-stalingrad-in-world-war-ii.htm
Germany’s Sixth Army in Stalingrad in World War II
Germany’s Sixth Army in Stalingrad in World War II The arrogance of Adolf Hitler and the German high command was heightened by the enemy’s stupendous losses in Operation Barbarossa. The great offensive of 1941 might not have destroyed the Soviet Union, but more than 3 million Russians were dead. Three million more were...
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https://www.historynet.com/geronimos-last-surrender.htm
Geronimo’s Last Surrender
Geronimo’s Last Surrender On September 5, 1886, Brigadier General Nelson A. Miles sent a telegram to his superiors in Washington, D.C., announcing that the 16-month war with Geronimo and Naiche was finally over. An era had also ended. Twenty-five years of intermittent warfare between the Chiricahua Apaches and American...
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https://www.historynet.com/ghost-town-st-elmo-colorado.htm
Ghost Town: St. Elmo, Colorado
Ghost Town: St. Elmo, Colorado In 1875 prospector Dr. Abner Ellis Wright struck gold in Colorado’s remote Chalk Creek Canyon, discovering the vein that would yield the Mary Murphy Mine and support St. Elmo for 50 years. In spring 1880, Griffith Evans and several partners surveyed the town in 6 feet of snow and founded ...
601807b72c4d70c913352075b707332f
https://www.historynet.com/giving-machine-guns-wings.htm
Giving the Machine Gun Wings
Giving the Machine Gun Wings Air combat came of age during World War I with the invention of devices that allowed fighter pilots to “point and shoot”. On April 1, 1915, Roland Garros took off in a Morane-Saulnier L from an airfield in northern France, planning to play an April Fool’s Day trick on the Germans. The Frenc...
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https://www.historynet.com/glory-over-the-mountains-simon-bolivar-liberates-venezuela.htm
Glory Over the Mountains: Simón Bolívar Liberates Venezuela
Glory Over the Mountains: Simón Bolívar Liberates Venezuela Bolívar witnesses one of his men dying from exhaustion as the army crosses the mountain pass of Páramo de Pisba. (Francisco Antonio Cano/Courtesy Casa Museo Quinta de BolIvar, Ministerio de Cultura, Bogota) IT WAS NO SECRET that Bolívar wanted to take his war ...
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https://www.historynet.com/glory-sun-king.htm
The Glory of the Sun King
The Glory of the Sun King Over his lengthy reign Louis XIV defeated successive generations of European royalty—but in so doing he sealed the fate of the absolute monarchy in France. London was still smoldering when France’s King Louis XIV proclaimed his life’s driving force. The year was 1666, and the Great Fire had ju...
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https://www.historynet.com/glubb-pasha-and-the-arab-legion.htm
Glubb Pasha and the Arab Legion
Glubb Pasha and the Arab Legion Two 6-pounder cannons, which had been painfully hauled up to the ramparts of Old Jerusalem, were situated on the imposing Notre Dame Hospice. It was May 23, 1948, and at noon the Arab Legion would launch its long-anticipated attack on the handful of Jewish defenders blocking their entry ...
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https://www.historynet.com/goebbels-airmen.htm
How Goebbels convinced German civilians to murder Allied airmen
How Goebbels convinced German civilians to murder Allied airmen Hampton manned a B-26 Marauder in the 397th Bombardment Group. Dropping by parachute to escape fiery death in the sky, hundreds of Allied airmen were murdered after touching German soil by frenzied civilians wielding shovels, pitchforks and rocks. “They wo...
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https://www.historynet.com/goldilocks-fighter-f6f-hellcat.htm
Goldilocks Fighter: What Made the F6F Hellcat “Just Right”?
Goldilocks Fighter: What Made the F6F Hellcat “Just Right”? Grumman’s F6F Hellcat was perfectly suited to young American naval aviators battling Zeros in the Pacific. Rarely has there been a combat aircraft so perfect for its time and place as the Hellcat. “No more outstanding example of skill and luck joining forces t...
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https://www.historynet.com/good-books-wwii-italy.htm
Any Good Books On WWII Italy?
Any Good Books On WWII Italy? Would you have any suggestions for books that talk about Italy’s role in WWII? Thank you, Bob Peters ??? Dear Mr. Peters, Although there is a wealth of books focusing on aspects of Italian participation in World War II, from tanks to ships to aircraft and to the various fronts, there does ...
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https://www.historynet.com/gothic-war-byzantine-count-belisarius-retakes-rome.htm
Gothic War: Byzantine Count Belisarius Retakes Rome
Gothic War: Byzantine Count Belisarius Retakes Rome On December 9, 536 AD, Byzantine Count Belisarius entered Rome through the Asinarian Gate at the head of 5,000 troops. At the same time, 4,000 Ostrogoths left the city through the Flaminian Gate and headed north to Ravenna, the capital of their Italian kingdom. For th...
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https://www.historynet.com/grave-of-top-ss-official-reinhard-heydrich-is-opened.htm
Grave of Top SS Official, Reinhard Heydrich, is Opened
Grave of Top SS Official, Reinhard Heydrich, is Opened Berlin police are searching for whomever dug up the grave of the infamous SS officer Reinhard Heydrich. Meanwhile, they report that the bones of “the butcher of Prague” were not removed in the December 12th graveyard opening. Reinhard Heydrich. (National Archives) ...
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https://www.historynet.com/great-kill-ratio-debate.htm
The Vietnam Air War’s Great Kill-Ratio Debate
The Vietnam Air War’s Great Kill-Ratio Debate Data shows that American fighter planes performed poorly vs. the enemy early in the war—or does it? In the early years of the Vietnam War, the performance of American fighter pilots in dogfights appeared to lag far behind their counterparts in the Korean War. In Korea, F-86...
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https://www.historynet.com/great-transcontinental-air-race.htm
The Great Transcontinental Air Race
The Great Transcontinental Air Race Belvin Maynard’s 1919 victory inspired aviators across America—and made a hero of the ‘Flying Parson’. Late in the morning on October 16, 1919, a de Havilland DH-4 dropped from the clouds and touched down silently in a pasture near Wahoo, Nebraska. A tall man wearing riding breeches ...
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https://www.historynet.com/greater-love-hath-no-man-marines-in-congress-request-camp-reasoner-sign-be-sent-from-vietnam-to-the-us.htm
‘Greater Love Hath No Man:’ Marines in Congress Request Camp Reasoner Sign Be Sent from Vietnam to the US
‘Greater Love Hath No Man:’ Marines in Congress Request Camp Reasoner Sign Be Sent from Vietnam to the US On a hill near Da Nang, Vietnam, sat Camp Reasoner ― home of the Marine Corps’ 3rd Reconnaissance Battalion and later 1st Reconnaissance Battalion during the Vietnam War. The camp was named after 1st Lt. Frank Reas...
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https://www.historynet.com/greatest-ancient-leader.htm
The Greatest Ancient Leader
The Greatest Ancient Leader When Theodore Ayrault Dodge, the American Civil War historian known for his love of the ancient generals, dubbed Alexander, Hannibal, and Caesar “great captains” in 1889, imperial ambition was some- thing to be admired. Today, after the bloody 20th century, we are less sure of it. The grande...
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https://www.historynet.com/greco-persian-wars-xerxes-invasion.htm
Greco-Persian Wars: Xerxes’ Invasion
Greco-Persian Wars: Xerxes’ Invasion The flower of western civilization burst into full bloom five centuries before the birth of Jesus Christ. Never before or since has an outpouring of cultural development on such a grand and far-reaching scale been realized on earth. It was, however, just as Charles Dickens said of R...
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https://www.historynet.com/grumman-f4f-wildcat-us-navy-fighter-in-world-war-ii.htm
Grumman F4F Wildcat: U.S. Navy Fighter in World War II
Grumman F4F Wildcat: U.S. Navy Fighter in World War II ‘It was not as you remember it, Saburo. I don’t know how many Wildcats there were, but they seemed to come out of the sun in an endless stream. We never had a chance….Every time we went out we lost more and more planes. Guadalcanal was completely under the enemy’s ...
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https://www.historynet.com/guadalcanals-strategic-value-played-an-outsize-role-in-world-war-ii.htm
Guadalcanal’s Strategic Value Played an Outsize Role in World War II
Guadalcanal’s Strategic Value Played an Outsize Role in World War II Walk Bloody Ridge, and it becomes clear why a swathe of otherwise unremarkable ground was so important to the Allies. It’s awfully far away for most and pretty remote, but I can think of few World War II battlegrounds that are better to visit than Gua...
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https://www.historynet.com/gulf-war-the-corsairs-last-hurrah.htm
Gulf War: The Corsair’s Last Hurrah
Gulf War: The Corsair’s Last Hurrah Nearly 25 years after it first saw combat in Vietnam, the LTV A-7E Corsair II was headed for retirement when it was recalled for duty in one last war. During Operation Desert Storm, launched early in the morning of January 17, 1991, the United States deployed a variety of cutting-edg...
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https://www.historynet.com/guy-stern-war-of-words.htm
Guy Stern: War of Words
Guy Stern: War of Words Stern recently published his wartime memoir, Invisible Ink. (Randy Glass Studio) Early in World War II the U.S. Army recognized its need for skilled linguists to interrogate captured enemy troops or conduct covert operations in Axis-controlled areas. Recruits included both Americans possessing G...
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https://www.historynet.com/h-l-menckens-cynical-commentary-made-americans-laugh.htm
H.L. Mencken’s Cynical Commentary Made Americans Laugh—Little Did They Know
H.L. Mencken’s Cynical Commentary Made Americans Laugh—Little Did They Know An American History Online Exclusive The Sage of Baltimore thought his countrymen’s beliefs were worthy of a less-evolved species, and told them so Exactly 100 years ago, in 1920, the most famous and controversial American journalist of his day...
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https://www.historynet.com/half-cocked-cossack.htm
The Half-Cocked Cossack
The Half-Cocked Cossack Freebooter Nikolai Ashinov sought a foothold for Mother Russia in the Red Sea—but his African misadventure only caused embarrassment Its 19th century struggle with the British empire for control of Central Asia left imperial Russia out of the European division of Africa and its resources. But wi...
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https://www.historynet.com/hallowed-ground-field-blackbirds-kosovo.htm
Hallowed Ground: Field of Blackbirds, Kosovo
Hallowed Ground: Field of Blackbirds, Kosovo The Balkans remain a ground of contention where the past is never dead. As the Cold War ended in the late 1980s, the Yugoslavia of the late Communist strongman Josip Broz Tito descended into a series of civil wars and then finally broke apart. Conflict started in the former ...
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https://www.historynet.com/hallowed-ground-narvik-ofoten-line-norway.htm
Hallowed Ground | Narvik and the Ofoten Line, Norway
Hallowed Ground | Narvik and the Ofoten Line, Norway Norway was a key target for Adolf Hitler. The westernmost and northernmost country on the Scandinavian Peninsula offered three important objectives at the outset of World War II: its naval bases (the acquisition of which would prevent Germany’s navy from being blocka...
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https://www.historynet.com/hallowed-ground-port-chicago-california.htm
Hallowed Ground: Port Chicago, California
Hallowed Ground: Port Chicago, California If you believe that spirits linger in locations where large numbers of men have perished suddenly—not all of them battlefields—then Port Chicago, Calif., qualifies as haunted ground. It’s not much today, an industrial community on Suisun Bay, where the Sacramento–San Joaquin De...
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https://www.historynet.com/hallowed-ground-poznan-poland.htm
Hallowed Ground | Poznan, Poland
Hallowed Ground | Poznan, Poland Poznan was not the only Nazi-occupied city to hold out behind Soviet lines in the closing days of World War II, but it was arguably the most important, its fall paving the way for the final Russian drive into the very heart of Germany. The 1939 German invasion of Poland didn’t mark the ...
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https://www.historynet.com/hard-luck-island-battle-of-wake-island.htm
Hard Luck Island: The Battle of Wake
Hard Luck Island: The Battle of Wake An experienced aviator, Putnam led his Marines to Wake Island, where his leadership and their courage would be tested under fire. (U.S. Marine Corps via Joshua Donohue) As Major Paul A. Putnam landed his F4F-3 Wildcat fighter on Wake Island, a small horseshoe-shaped atoll 2,000 mile...
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https://www.historynet.com/harlem-hellfighter-honored-in-graphic-novel.htm
Harlem Hellfighter Honored in Graphic Novel
Harlem Hellfighter Honored in Graphic Novel Once-forgotten African American war hero Army Sgt. Henry Johnson is the latest soldier to be featured in a graphic novel series honoring Medal of Honor recipients. Scripted by Chuck Dixon, who’s written for titles like the “Punisher” and “Batman,” “Medal of Honor: Henry Johns...
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https://www.historynet.com/hate-turns-love.htm
Hate Turns to Love
Hate Turns to Love How 158 remarkable letters between Thomas Jefferson and John Adams slowly dissolved the hard grudges between two great presidents. When John Adams was ousted from the presidency in the 1800 election by Thomas Jefferson, he expressed no public bitterness about his defeat: “I am not about to write la...
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https://www.historynet.com/have-you-always-wanted-to-drive-a-wwii-era-tank-heres-your-chance.htm
Have You Always Wanted to Drive a WWII-Era Tank? Here’s Your Chance
Have You Always Wanted to Drive a WWII-Era Tank? Here’s Your Chance Christmas has come early for WWII equipment aficionados. With the American Heritage Museum’s introduction of its new “Icons of Armor: The Ultimate WWII Tank Experience,” visitors will have the opportunity — with a cost of $995 to $1,495 — to operate an...
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https://www.historynet.com/hawker-hurricane-mark-i.htm
Hawker Hurricane Mark I
Hawker Hurricane Mark I Hurricane Mark IC Wingspan: 40 feet Wing area: 258 square feet Length: 31 feet 4 inches Height: 13 feet 2 inches Tare weight: 4,743 pounds Normal loaded weight: 6,218 pounds Engine: Rolls-Royce Merlin III 1,030-hp V-12 engine Designed by British aeronautical engineer Sydney Camm as a monoplane s...
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https://www.historynet.com/heinecke-parachute-a-leap-of-faith-for-wwi-german-airmen.htm
Heinecke Parachute: A Leap of Faith for WWI German Airmen
Heinecke Parachute: A Leap of Faith for WWI German Airmen A full third of the first 70 airmen to bail out died, in some instances due to tangled lines, the canopy fouling on the fuselage or the harness breaking free. But it sure beat the alternative. (Illustration by Gregory Proch) The concept of the parachute dates ba...
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https://www.historynet.com/helen-jackson-the-last-surviving-civil-war-bride-dies-at-101.htm
Helen Jackson, the Last Surviving Civil War Bride, Dies at 101
Helen Jackson, the Last Surviving Civil War Bride, Dies at 101 Helen Viola Jackson, the last known widow of a Civil War soldier, has died. She was 101 years old and had been living in Webco Manor Nursing Home in Marshfield, Mo. She passed away on Dec. 16, according to a statement by the Sons of Union Veterans of the Ci...
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https://www.historynet.com/hell-and-high-water-the-uss-barb.htm
Hell and High Water: The USS Barb
Hell and High Water: The USS Barb In May 1944, Lt. Comdr. Eugene Fluckey, seeking his own submarine command, promised the Pacific Fleet sub commander at Midway Island that he would sink five Japanese ships on his first patrol. It was a bold gamble; the ship Fluckey had been eyeing, the USS Barb, had sunk only a single ...
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https://www.historynet.com/heros-welcome-at-gettysburg.htm
Hero’s Welcome at Gettysburg
Hero’s Welcome at Gettysburg At Gettysburg’s 1888 grand reunion, Confederate outcast James Longstreet turned man of the hour. but his memory tour was nearly fatal For sheer star power, no gathering of Union and Confederate veterans rivaled the Grand Reunion at Gettysburg in 1888. “There are so many Generals and other c...
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https://www.historynet.com/hessian-troopers-myth-and-reality.htm
Hessian Troopers: Myth and Reality
Hessian Troopers: Myth and Reality During the Revolutionary War, Americans had a profound dread of Hessian mercenaries hired by King George III to fight in the battle for the Colonies. Patriot sources produced exaggerated rumors and newspaper accounts which made the term “Hessian” a byword for “marauder” months before ...
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https://www.historynet.com/hinton-helper-impending-crisis-of-the-south.htm
The Impending Crisis Of The South By Hinton R. Helper
The Impending Crisis Of The South By Hinton R. Helper Thoughts On Hinton Rowan Helper’s Book “The Impending Crisis of the South: How to Meet It” Hinton Rowan Helper claimed that “an irrepressibly active desire to do something to elevate the South to an honorable and powerful position among the enlightened quarters of t...
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https://www.historynet.com/historic-plaque.htm
Museum Purchases Artifact that Rewrites British Army’s Racial History
Museum Purchases Artifact that Rewrites British Army’s Racial History The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers Museum (Royal Warwickshire Regiment) in Warwick, England has acquired a World War I-era memorial plaque commemorating the first commissioned officer from an ethnic minority background in the British Army. Lt. Euan Luci...
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https://www.historynet.com/history-with-a-twist-an-interview-with-sarah-vowell.htm
History with a Twist: an Interview with Sarah Vowell
History with a Twist: an Interview with Sarah Vowell SARAH VOWELL IS a social commentator and author of unconventional books on American history, including Assassination Vacation (a travelogue of political violence in America), The Wordy Shipmates (limning the travails of New England’s Puritans) and, most recently, Laf...
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https://www.historynet.com/historynet-tour-2008.htm
HistoryNet Tour 2008
HistoryNet Tour 2008 Welcome to the new and improved Historynet.com!  Let me be the first to thank you for checking out our new site and looking in at this tour to see what is new, what has stayed the same, and what is coming down the pipeline.  So, let’s jump right in! Daily Quiz: One of our most popular and long time...
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https://www.historynet.com/hitler-hoped-to-destroy-london-with-his-v3-supergun.htm
Hitler Hoped to Destroy London With His V3 Supergun
Hitler Hoped to Destroy London With His V3 Supergun Germany built a vast subterranean complex in Mimoyecques, France, to house their secret weapon. Students of World War II are familiar with Nazi Germany’s V1 and V2 weapons that brought terror to southern England in the last year of the war. Less known is the V3—which ...
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https://www.historynet.com/hitlers-secret-attack-on-the-worlds-largest-fort.htm
Hitler’s Secret Attack on the World’s Largest Fort
Hitler’s Secret Attack on the World’s Largest Fort German paratroopers face heavy fire during their 1940 attack on Belgium's Fort Eben Emael. (akg-images) JUST BEFORE DAWN, more than 80 elite German paratroopers gathered in an airfield hangar to listen to final instructions from their commander. Their mission? A bold a...
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https://www.historynet.com/hnefatafl-vikings.htm
Game of Kings: Was Hnefatafl the Vikings’ Best-Kept Strategic Secret?
Game of Kings: Was Hnefatafl the Vikings’ Best-Kept Strategic Secret? While romanticized portrayals of Vikings might suggest they charged recklessly into battle, archaeology suggests the ancient raiders were slightly more scientific in their approach to warfare—for example, honing their tactical skills with board games...
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https://www.historynet.com/holding-the-farm-at-waterloo.htm
Holding the Farm at Waterloo
Holding the Farm at Waterloo In what author Brendan Simms rightly calls “an epic defence,” the 400-odd Hanoverian riflemen of the 2nd Light Battalion of the veteran King’s German Legion withstood French artillery barrages, repeated mass charges, cavalry attacks, and relentless sniping to hold the fortified farm at La H...
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https://www.historynet.com/holiday-gift-guide-2012-recommendations-from-the-weider-history-groups-editors.htm
Holiday Gift Guide 2012: Recommendations from World History Group’s Editors
Holiday Gift Guide 2012: Recommendations from World History Group’s Editors Looking for a gift for a history enthusiast? Try this list of suggested books, DVDs and other items, provided by the editors of World History Group’s magazines—and remember, a magazine subscription is a gift that lasts all year! To learn more a...
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https://www.historynet.com/holiday-shopping-guide-2011-recommended-books-and-more.htm
Holiday Shopping Guide 2011: Recommended Books and More
Holiday Shopping Guide 2011: Recommended Books and More Looking for a gift for a history enthusiast? Try this list of suggestions provided by the editors of World History Group’s magazines. American History Revolutionary Founders: Rebels, Radicals, and Reformers in the Making of the Nation, ed. by Alfred Young, Gary Na...
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https://www.historynet.com/homesick-angel-last-flight-da-nang.htm
Homesick Angel: Last Flight From Da Nang
Homesick Angel: Last Flight From Da Nang World Airways CEO Ed Daly defied U.S. authorities and led a daring mission to rescue women and children as the South Vietnamese army collapsed in 1975. A tsunami of more than a million refugees swept over the coastal city of Da Nang in early March 1975, desperately fleeing the r...
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https://www.historynet.com/horten-brothers-jet-flying-wing.htm
The Horten Brothers’ Jet Flying Wing
The Horten Brothers’ Jet Flying Wing The never-built Horten Ho-229 has been the subject of more speculation and myths than any other World War II airplane Reimar Horten and his older brother Walter were German aircraft homebuilders. Their relatively short aircraft-building careers extended from 1933 until the end of Wo...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-a-company-made-a-bra-for-every-type-of-figure-including-wwii-carrier-pigeons.htm
How a Company Made A Bra for Every Type of Figure, Including WWII Carrier Pigeons
How a Company Made A Bra for Every Type of Figure, Including WWII Carrier Pigeons Not even Alfred Hitchcock could have concocted the avian idea — carrier pigeons in bras. Or, at the very least, carrier pigeons in vests made by a brassiere company. In December 1944, undergarment manufacturer Maidenform ditched peddling ...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-a-convicted-nazi-war-criminal-and-72-of-his-men-walked-free.htm
How a Convicted Nazi War Criminal and 72 of His Men Walked Free
How a Convicted Nazi War Criminal and 72 of His Men Walked Free Was justice denied? FOR THE AMERICAN SOLDIERS who had suffered and bled in the fight against Nazi Germany, it was a day they never wanted to see. At 2 p.m. on December 22, 1956, former SS colonel Joachim Peiper, whom the Associated Press called the GIs’ “p...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-a-dentist-developed-a-clever-but-flawed-system-for-discharging-firearms.htm
How a Dentist Developed a Clever, but Flawed, System for Discharging Firearms
How a Dentist Developed a Clever, but Flawed, System for Discharging Firearms In the decades leading up to the Civil War, Minié balls and rifling began to replace round balls and smoothbore barrels in U.S. Army arsenals. Percussion caps had come into use on Model 1842 smoothbore muskets, but it was hoped an even more r...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-a-french-mime-ran-covert-missions-and-saved-the-lives-of-70-jewish-children.htm
How a French Mime Ran Covert Missions During WWII to Save the Lives of Jewish Children
How a French Mime Ran Covert Missions During WWII to Save the Lives of Jewish Children “Vanity, vanity. Everything is vanity, but you need to know that you have to go toward the light even if you know that one day we shall be dust,” recalled famed mime Marcel Marceau in 2001. “What is important are our deeds during our...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-a-u-boat-captains-criticism-of-the-nazi-regime-sealed-his-fate-at-the-hands-of-a-firing-squad.htm
How a U-Boat Captain’s Criticism of the Nazi Regime Sealed His Fate at the Hands of a Firing Squad
How a U-Boat Captain’s Criticism of the Nazi Regime Sealed His Fate at the Hands of a Firing Squad The navy was considered a place of political independence—but that didn’t keep Nazi ideologues and spies from joining its ranks PICTURE THE LAST AGONIZING HOURS of a man wrongly condemned. The painful regrets over a promi...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-allied-air-attacks-evolved-during-world-war-ii.htm
How Allied Air Attacks Evolved During World War II
How Allied Air Attacks Evolved During World War II In October 1943, the U.S. Eighth Air Force’s losses became critical, forcing a reappraisal of the American daylight bombing Strategy. On October 14, 1943, the air war over Europe reached a critical turning point. On that Thursday, the United States Eighth Air Force mou...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-collectivism-nearly-sunk-colonies.htm
Online Exclusive: How Collectivism Nearly Sunk Early Colonies
Online Exclusive: How Collectivism Nearly Sunk Early Colonies Only when settlers instituted private property rights did the New World thrive Americans have long enshrined individualism. Colonial experiments helped shape that perspective by illustrating in practical terms the flaws of social collectivism. The colonies o...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-effective-was-the-american-brown-water-navy-during-the-civil-war.htm
How effective was the American brown-water navy during the Civil War?
How effective was the American brown-water navy during the Civil War? How effective was the American brown-water navy during the Civil War?
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https://www.historynet.com/how-freddie-laker-took-on-the-big-airlines-and-won.htm
How Freddie Laker Took On the Big Airlines and Won
How Freddie Laker Took On the Big Airlines and Won The maverick British entrepreneur rocked the airline industry with his no-frills approach and low-cost transatlantic flights. To the aviation world Sir Freddie Laker was truly a legend in his own time. A tycoon of working-class origins who built up his business empire ...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-great-britains-secret-disinformation-campaign-paid-off-in-world-war-i.htm
How Great Britain’s Secret Disinformation Campaign Paid Off In World War I
How Great Britain’s Secret Disinformation Campaign Paid Off In World War I In 1914, days after it declared war on Germany, Great Britain set up a secret propaganda bureau to help defeat the enemy. Charles C. G. Masterman was tapped to set up Britain’s War Propaganda Bureau. (Imperial War Museums) IN 1917 BRITISH AND AM...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-in-the-world-did-they-shoot-stonewall-jackson.htm
How in the world did they shoot Stonewall Jackson?
How in the world did they shoot Stonewall Jackson? It’s one of the best-known stories of the Civil War: Confederate General Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson is accidentally shot by his own men during the Battle of Chancellorsville and then dies a few days later. His death, perhaps, alters the course of the war itself. Tod...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-the-buffalo-soldiers-helped-turn-the-tide-in-italy-during-world-war-ii.htm
How the ‘Buffalo Soldiers’ Helped Break Through the Gothic Line
How the ‘Buffalo Soldiers’ Helped Break Through the Gothic Line African Americans have fought in every major conflict in which the United States has been involved, from the Revolutionary War on. They frequently served with distinction—the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry during the American Civil War, the 9th and ...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-the-colonists-beat-britains-best.htm
American History Review: How the Colonists Beat Britain’s Best Generals
American History Review: How the Colonists Beat Britain’s Best Generals An American History Online Exclusive How an ‘ill-armed peasantry’ crushed Clinton, Cornwallis, and a raft of professional soldiers Great Britain has “conquered the two Carolinas in Charleston,” Sir Henry Clinton, commander of the British army in No...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-the-german-air-force-rebuilt-after-world-war-ii.htm
How the German Air Force Rebuilt After World War II
How the German Air Force Rebuilt After World War II In the aftermath of WWII, Germany turned to former Luftwaffe officers to rebuild its air force under NATO and help counter the Soviet threat. When the Wehrmacht surrendered unconditionally to the Western Allies on May 7, 1945, World War II was over for Germany, but th...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-the-thanksgiving-holiday-evolved.htm
American History Review: The Lady, the Legends, and a Letter to Lincoln: How Thanksgiving Evolved
American History Review: The Lady, the Legends, and a Letter to Lincoln: How Thanksgiving Evolved Give credit for the national holiday to a woman who wouldn’t give up As legend that passes for history has it, in the fall of 1621 the settlers of Plymouth Colony in what is now Massachusetts, grateful for a fruitful harve...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-this-marine-aircrew-were-both-awarded-the-medal-of-honor-in-world-war-i.htm
World War I Marine Aircrew Both Awarded the Medal of Honor
World War I Marine Aircrew Both Awarded the Medal of Honor In the annals of aviation history, the aerial dogfights of World War I stand out for the sheer brutality, tenacity, and possible insanity of the combatants. And while names like Raoul Lufbery, Eddie Rickenbacker, and the “Red Baron” Manfred von Richthofen are n...
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https://www.historynet.com/how-woodrow-wilsons-hidden-illness-left-america-with-no-president-for-over-a-year.htm
How Woodrow Wilson’s Hidden Illness Left America with no President for Over a Year
How Woodrow Wilson’s Hidden Illness Left America with no President for Over a Year Months after contracting the Spanish flu, Woodrow Wilson suffered a massive stroke, leaving his wife and doctor to run the country AT 11 A.M. ON MONDAY, October 6, 1919, a grim Secretary of State Robert Lansing gazed across the table at ...
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https://www.historynet.com/i-was-a-dental-assistant-to-japanese-war-criminals.htm
‘I Was a Dental Assistant to Japanese War Criminals’
‘I Was a Dental Assistant to Japanese War Criminals’ Working in Tokyo’s Sugamo Prison, dental assistant Ed Case got up close and personal with some of World War II’s most infamous figures. HOW DID IT HAPPEN that an 18-year-old kid from Vallejo, California, found himself at Tokyo’s Sugamo Prison, working inside the mout...