REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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53,947 | High resolution spectroscopy of the OIO radical: Implications for the ozone-depleting potential of iodine | Ashworth, SH; Allan, BJ; Plane, JMC | 2,002 | The absorption spectrum of iodine dioxide (OIO), obtained at high resolution between 540 and 605 nm by cavity ring-down spectroscopy, exhibits no evidence of coarse rotational structure. Furthermore, a laser induced fluorescence spectrum was not observed when pumping the molecule in this region of the visible spectrum.... | 0 |
88,512 | Impact characterization in the tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts: methods for acidification, eutrophication, and ozone formation | Norris, GA | 2,002 | null | 0 |
35,281 | Effects of air pollutants on biotic stress | Fluckiger, W; Braun, S; Hiltbrunner, E | 2,002 | In their effect on plants, air pollutants are interacting with other environmental abiotic 1 and biotic stress factors in a complex way. In particular, host plant-parasite relation- ships can be influenced considerably. In the context of forest damages and yield losses due to air pollution parasites are often involved.... | 0 |
93,921 | Hyperresponsive airways correlate with lung tissue inflammatory cell changes in ozone-exposed rats | Delorme, MP; Yang, H; Elbon-Copp, C; Gao, X; Barraclough-Mitchell, H; Bassett, DJP | 2,002 | The role of inflammatory cell infiltration in the development of hyperresponsiveness of the airways to muscarinic challenge remains poorly understood. Unlike previous investigations that only examined conducting airway inflammation, the present study utilized both bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue digestion ... | 0 |
93,750 | Air pollution and health | Brunekreef, B; Holgate, ST | 2,002 | The health effects of air pollution have been subject to intense study in recent years. Exposure to pollutants such as airborne particulate matter and ozone has been associated with increases in mortality and hospital admissions due to respiratory and cardiovascular disease. These effects have been found in short-term ... | 0 |
42,764 | Assessment of physical education time and after-school outdoor time in elementary and middle school students in south Mexico City: the dilemma between physical fitness and the adverse health effects of outdoor pollutant exposure | Villarreal-Calderon, A; Acuna, H; Villarreal-Calderon, J; Garduno, M; Henriquez-Roldan, CF; Calderon-Garciduenas, L; Valencia-Salazar, G | 2,002 | #Strategies to promote lifelong physical activity among children are needed to stem the adverse health consequences of inactivity. However, the health effects in growing children of long-term exposure to a polluted atmosphere are of deep concern. The atmosphere of south Mexico City (SMC) is characterized by a complex m... | 0 |
36,671 | Derivation of critical adsorbed doses for ozone using ozone sensitive clover clones | Gavriilidou, M; Grunhage, L; Jager, HJ | 2,002 | Introduction. The exchange of ozone (O3) between the atmosphere near the ground and the phytosphere is controlled by complex interactions of meteorological and biological processes. The European critical levels for ozone to protect vegetation have been deduced mainly from fumigation experiments in open-top chambers. As... | 0 |
52,425 | A Lagrangian "1-year climatology" of (deep) cross-tropopause exchange in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere | Wernli, H; Bourqui, M | 2,002 | A Lagrangian methodology is applied to operational European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyses to study upward cross-tropopause exchange (troposphere to stratosphere exchange (TSE)) and downward cross-tropopause exchange (stratosphere to troposphere exchange (STE)) in the extratropical Northern Hemisphe... | 1 |
36,177 | Background ozone over the United States in summer: origin, trend, and contribution to pollution episodes | Fiore, AM; Jacob, DJ; Bey, I; Yantosca, RM; Field, BD; Fusco, AC; Wilkinson, JG | 2,002 | Observations indicate that ozone (O3) concentrations in surface air over the United States in summer contain a 20-45 ppbv background contribution, presumably reflecting transport from outside the North American boundary layer. We use a three dimensional global model of tropospheric chemistry driven by assimilated meteo... | 0 |
30,629 | Effect of nutritional status and ozone exposure on rat brain serotonin | Barragan-Mejia, MG; Castilla-Serna, L; Calderon-Guzman, D; Hernandez-Islas, JL; Labra-Ruiz, NA; Rodriguez-Perez, RA; Angel DS-D | 2,002 | BACKGROUND: Ozone is an environmental pollutant that has widely documented deleterious effects on exposed organisms. In Mexico City, this pollutant frequently reaches concentrations that surpass safe health limits. In addition, it has been reported that the prevalence of malnutrition remains high in our childhood popul... | 0 |
52,310 | Development and application of a state-of-the-science plume-in-grid model | Karamchandani, P; Seigneur, C; Vijayaraghavan, K; Wu, SY | 2,002 | We describe the development, evaluation, and application of a new plume-in-grid model for investigating the subgrid-scale effects, associated with NOx emissions from large elevated point sources, on O3 formation. Traditional Eulerian air quality models cannot resolve the strong concentration gradients created by plumes... | 0 |
23,746 | Short-term effects of particulate air pollution on cardiovascular diseases in eight European cities | Le Tertre, A; Medina, S; Samoli, E; Forsberg, B; Michelozzi, P; Boumghar, A; Vonk, JM; Bellini, A; Atkinson, R; Ayres, JG; Sunyer, J; Schwartz, J; Katsouyanni, K | 2,002 | Study objective: As part of the APHEA project this study examined the association between airborne particles and hospital admissions for cardiac causes (ICD9 390-429) in eight European cities (Barcelona, Birmingham, London, Milan, the Netherlands, Paris, Rome, and Stockholm). All admissions were studied, as well as adm... | 0 |
35,191 | Ozone exposure increases eosinophilic airway response induced by previous allergen challenge | Vagaggini, B; Taccola, M; Clanchetti, S; Carnevali, S; Bartoli, ML; Bacci, E; Dente, FL; Di Franco, A; Giannini, D; Paggiaro, PL | 2,002 | We investigated whether exposure to ozone (O3) 24 hours after an allergen challenge test would increase airway eosinophilia induced by allergen in subjects with mild asthma with late airway response. Twelve subjects with mild atopic asthma participated in a randomized, single-blind study. Subjects underwent allergen ch... | 1 |
57,240 | Pathways to melanoma development: lessons from the mouse | Walker, GJ; Hayward, NK | 2,002 | Because of subtle differences between mouse and human skin, mice have traditionally not been an ideal model to study melanoma development. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms of melanoma predisposition, however, has been greatly improved by modeling various pathway defects in the mouse. This review analyzes the l... | 0 |
41,399 | Assessing vegetation exposure to ozone: is it possible to estimate AOT40 by passive sampling | Tuovinen, JP | 2,002 | #A statistical model for estimating AOT40 from time-integrated concentration data is presented and validated. AOT40 is a numerical index that describes the ozone exposure of ecosystems in terms of the hourly accumulated exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb. A rather simple model formulation was achieved by approximating... | 0 |
34,732 | Whole-cell recording from honeybee olfactory receptor neurons: ionic currents, membrane excitability and odourant response in developing workerbee and drone | Laurent, S; Masson, C; Jakob, I | 2,002 | Whole-cell recording techniques were used to characterize ionic membrane currents and odourant responses in honeybee olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in primary cell culture. ORNs of workerbee (female) and drone (male) were isolated at an early stage of development before sensory axons connect to their target in the a... | 0 |
35,293 | Impact of ozone and reduced water supply on the biomass accumulation of Norway spruce saplings | Karlsson, PE; Medin, EL; Sellden, G; Wallin, G; Ottosson, S; Pleijel, H; Skarby, L | 2,002 | Norway spruce saplings [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] were exposed during four growing seasons to two different ozone treatments in open-top chambers: charcoal filtered air (CF), and non-filtered air with extra ozone (NF+, 1.4Iambient concentrations). Within each ozone treatment the saplings were either kept well watered or... | 0 |
90,970 | Effects of glutathione S-Transferase P1, M1, and T1 on acute respiratory illness in school children | Gilliland, FD; Rappaport, EB; Berhane, K; Islam, T; Dubeau, L; Gauderman, WJ; Mcconnell, R | 2,002 | The relationships between glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes and acute respiratory illness were investigated in a cohort of fourth grade school children aged 9-11 years who resided in 12 southern California communities. We used respiratory illness-related absences as a measure of respiratory... | 1 |
93,797 | Atmospheric conversion of sulfur dioxide to particulate sulfat and nitrogen dioxide to particulate nitrate and gaseous nitric acid in an urban area | Khoder, MI | 2,002 | Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate sulfate and nitrate, gaseous nitric acid, ozone and meteorological parameters (temperature and relative humidity) were measured during the winter season (1999u2000) and summer season (2000) in an urban area (Dokki, Giza, Egypt). The average particulate nitrate concentration... | 0 |
688,778 | Inter-strain variability in aldehyde oxidase activity in the mouse | Al-Salmy, HS | 2,002 | Aldehyde oxidase (AO) is a cytosolic enzyme expressed predominantly in the liver. AO is involved in the metabolism of many xenobiotics of pharmacological and toxicological importance including antivirals (famciclovir), antimalarials (quinine) and anticancer drugs (5-fluoro-2-pyrimidine and methotrexate). The aim of thi... | 0 |
50,604 | Upregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase B in alveolar macrophages following ozone inhalation Role of NF-"kappa"B and STAT-1 in ozone-induced nitric oxide production and toxicity | Laskin, DL; Fakhrzadeh, L; Heck, DE; Gerecke, D; Laskin, JD | 2,002 | Inhalation of toxic doses of ozone causes lung injury and inflammation in humans and experimental animals. Using a rodent model of ozone toxicity, we have previously demonstrated that macrophages recruited to the lung following exposure to this oxidant contribute to the pathogenesis of tissue injury. In the present stu... | 0 |
42,528 | The Black Triangle area--fit for Europe? Numerical air quality studies for the Black Triangle area | Renner, E | 2,002 | The "Black Triangle" area (covering northern Bohemia, southern Saxony and part of lower Silesia) has been one of the most polluted areas in Central Europe. The area was named mainly because of high emissions of sulfur and dust. After the political changes at the end of the 1980s a significant improvement in air quality... | 0 |
52,991 | A statistical approach to estimate O3 uptake of ponderosa pine in a Mediterranean climate | Grulke, NE; Preisler, HK; Fan, CC; Retzlaff, WA | 2,002 | In highly polluted sites, stomatal behavior is sluggish with respect to light, vapor pressure deficit, and internal CO2 concentration (Ci) and poorly described by existing models. Statistical models were developed to estimate stomatal conductance (gs) of 40-year-old ponderosa pine at three sites differing in pollutant ... | 0 |
42,248 | Assessment of respiratory function in safety pharmacology | Murphy, DJ | 2,002 | null | 0 |
55,523 | Potential bioindicator plant species for ambient ozone in forested mountain areas of central Europe | Manning, WJ; Godzik, B; Musselman, R | 2,002 | From 1993 to 2000, trees, shrubs, forbs and vines were evaluated for symptoms of probable ozone injury in the vicinity of passive ozone samplers or active ozone monitors in forest condition assessment networks in mostly mountainous regions, principally the Carpathian Mountain Range, in the central European countries Cz... | 0 |
35,451 | Combined effect of chronic hypoxia and in vitro exposure to gas pollutants on airway reactivity | Roux, E; Duvert, M; Marthan, R | 2,002 | This study investigated the interaction between exposure to air pollutants and chronic hypoxia (CH). We used a hypobaric chamber (14 days at barometric pressure 380 mmHg) to produce CH in rats. Exposure to various doses of acrolein or ozone did not modify the mechanical response to cholinergic agonists. Exposure to 3 A... | 0 |
73,844 | Associations of cold temperatures with GP consultations for respiratory and cardiovascular disease amongst the elderly in London | Hajat, S; Haines, A | 2,002 | Background The relationships between cold temperatures and cardio-respiratory mortality in the elderly are well documented. We wished to determine whether similar relationships exist with consultations in the primary care setting and to assess the lag time at which the effects were observed. Methods Generalized additi... | 0 |
30,597 | Connecting atmospheric nitrogen deposition to coastal eutrophication | Paerl, HW | 2,002 | null | 0 |
34,519 | Indoor hydrogen peroxide derived from ozone/d-limonene reactions | Li, TH; Turpin, BJ; Shields, HG; Weschler | 2,002 | In this pilot study, performed in an office manipulated to resemble an environment with a strong indoor ozone source or a significant influx of outdoor air during a smog event, reactions between ozone and d-limonene produced hydroperoxides. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) presumably constituted the majority of the measured hy... | 0 |
35,448 | Biomarkers of oxidative stress after controlled human exposure to ozone | Corradi, M; Alinovi, R; Goldoni, M; Vettori, M; Folesani, G; Mozzoni, P; Cavazzini, S; Bergamaschi, E; Rossi, L; Mutti, A | 2,002 | This study was aimed at evaluating whether controlled short-term exposure to ozone (O3) induces changes in biomarkers of lung inflammation and oxidative stress in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and blood of healthy subjects. Twenty-two volunteers were exposed to 0.1 ppm of O3 for 2 h while performing moderate intermit... | 1 |
26,050 | Comparison of indoor and outdoor concentrations of CO at a public school: Evaluation of an indoor air quality model | Chaloulakou, A; Mavroidis, I | 2,002 | A field study was carried out to investigate the internal and external carbon monoxide (CO) concentration levels of a public school building in Athens, Greece. Simultaneous measurements of indoor and outdoor CO concentrations were conducted using a non-dispersive infrared analyzer. Measurements of mean hourly CO concen... | 0 |
34,854 | Environmental externalities caused by SO2 and ozone pollution in the metropolitan area of Madrid | Lechon, Y; Cabal, H; Gomez, M; Sanchez, E; Saez, R | 2,002 | The work performs an assessment of the environmental externalities of SO2 and ozone pollution in an area 270 kmI200 km surrounding the city of Madrid. The study analyses two situations corresponding to different and extreme cases of atmospheric pollution in the area produced in years 1992 and 1995, respectively. Concen... | 0 |
55,037 | Measurements and estimation of the columnar optical depth of tropospheric aerosols in the UV spectral region | Cachorro, VE; Vergaz, R; Martin, MJ; de Frutos, AM; Vilaplana, JM; de la Morena, B | 2,002 | We report values of the columnar tropospheric aerosol optical depth at UV wavelengths based on experimental measurements of the direct spectral irradiances carried out by a commercial spectroradiometer (Li 1800 of Licor company) covering the range from 300-1100 nm at two stations with different climate characteristics ... | 0 |
35,465 | The role of interleukin-6 in pulmonary inflammation and injury induced by exposure to environmental air pollutants | Yu, M; Zheng, X; Witschi, H; Pinkerton, KE | 2,002 | This study was designed to examine the role of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in environmental air pollutant-induced pulmonary inflammation, injury, and repair. IL-6 knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were exposed to filtered air; aged and diluted cigarette smoke (ADSS), a surrogate for environmental tobacco... | 1 |
34,835 | Effect of nitrogen dioxide and ozone on the risk of dying in patients with severe asthma | Sunyer, J; Basagana, X; Belmonte, J; Anto, JM | 2,002 | Background: A study was performed to assess the acute association between air pollution, pollen and spores, and mortality in a population based cohort of subjects with asthma recruited from emergency room admissions for an asthma exacerbation using a case crossover design. Methods: Patients in Barcelona aged over 14 ye... | 0 |
146,970 | Ozone distribution in coastal central Taiwan under sea-breeze conditions | Cheng, WL | 2,002 | Sea-breeze circulation influences ozone concentration differently for two types of synoptic winds across the westcentral coastal plain of Taiwan. During summer months, when the synoptic flow is southerly, a strong westerly sea-breeze confined to the lower 700-800 m, produces a northeastward flow. Ozone concentration is... | 0 |
47,022 | Expanding the health care debate | Suzuki, D | 2,002 | null | 0 |
57,316 | Mountain forest vegetation dynamics after huge forest dieback: Landscape level approach in the Polish part of Karkonosze Mountains | Dunajski, A | 2,002 | Large scale forest dieback, as a result of long lasting air pollution during the last few decades, led to fragmentation of natural and anthropogenic Norway spruce forest in the Karkonosze Mountains. This dieback created a new, more ?patchy? forest landscape consisting of a mosaic of patches representing different dynam... | 0 |
35,240 | Effect of acute ozone exposure on pregnant rat uterus contractile responses | Campos-Bedolla, P; Vargas, MH; Montano, LM | 2,002 | Pulmonary effects of ozone (O3) inhalation have been comprehensively studied, but little is known about its extrapulmonary consequences, particularly in the reproductive tract. Thus, the effects of an acute O3 exposure on the contractile response of the pregnant rat uterus were evaluated. Nonpregnant and pregnant (5, 1... | 1 |
35,059 | Air pollution and emergency room visits due to chronic lower respiratory diseases in the elderly: An ecological time-series study in Sao Paulo, Brazil | Martins, LC; Latorre, MRDO; Saldiva, PHN; Braga, ALF | 2,002 | The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of daily air pollution levels (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter with an aerodynamic profile </=10 microm ) on morbidity by using the daily number of emergency room visits due to chronic lower respiratory disease (C... | 0 |
47,009 | Outdoor air pollution and acute respiratory infections among children in developing countries | Romieu, I; Samet, JM; Smith, KR; Bruce, N | 2,002 | Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the most common cause of illness and death in children in the developing world. This review focuses on outdoor air pollutants associated with pediatric ARI mortality and morbidity. Studies were identified using MEDLINE and other electronic databases. Four studies showed an incr... | 0 |
53,029 | Assessing effects of ambient ozone on injury and yield of bean with ethylenediurea (EDU): Three years of plant monitoring at four sites in The Netherlands | Tonneijck, AEG; Van Dijk, CJ | 2,002 | EDU (ethylenediurca) and non-EDU-treated bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Lit) were exposed to ambient air at four rural sites in the Netherlands during the growing seasons of 1994 through 1996 to investigate the responses to ambient ozone. Ozone-induced foliar injury was observed each year and differences in inj... | 0 |
35,253 | A meta-analysis of elevated [CO2] effects on soybean (Glycine max) physiology, growth and yield | Ainsworth, EA; Davey, PA; Bernacchi, CJ; Dermody, OC; Heaton, EA; Moore, DJ; Morgan, PB; Naidu, SL; Yoora, HS; Zhu, XG; Curtis, PS; Long, SP | 2,002 | #The effects of elevated [CO(2)] on 25 variables describing soybean physiology, growth and yield are reviewed using meta-analytic techniques. This is the first meta-analysis to our knowledge performed on a single crop species and summarizes the effects of 111 studies. These primary studies include numerous soybean grow... | 0 |
36,666 | A chamber-less approach to derive ozone flux-effect relationships for crops and semi-natural vegetation | Grunhage, L; Bender, J; Schaaf, S; Dammgen, U; Weigel, HJ; Jager, HJ | 2,002 | null | 0 |
48,179 | Occupational airways diseases from chronic low-level exposures to irritants | Balmes, JR | 2,002 | SUMMARY Smoking is clearly the major preventable
cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but
because this disease is so prevalent, reduction of
other preventable risk factors can have a major
impact on reducing disease burden. Approximately
16 million people in the United States have been
diagnosed wit... | 0 |
30,623 | Shedding light on proteins, nucleic acids, cells, humans and fish | Setlow, RB | 2,002 | #I was trained as a physicist in graduate school. Hence, when I decided to go into the field of biophysics, it was natural that I concentrated on the effects of light on relatively simple biological systems, such as proteins. The wavelengths absorbed by the amino acid subunits of proteins are in the ultraviolet (UV). T... | 0 |
34,852 | Reformulated and alternative fuels: modeled impacts on regional air quality with special emphasis on surface ozone concentration | Schell, B; Ackermann, IJ; Hass, H | 2,002 | #The comprehensive European Air Pollution and Dispersion model system was used to estimate the impacts of the usage of reformulated and alternative fuels on regional air quality with special emphasis on surface ozone concentrations. A severe western European summer smog episode in July 1994 has been used as a reference... | 0 |
47,061 | Heterogeneous reactions of soot aerosols with nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid: atmospheric chamber and Knudsen cell studies | Prince, AP; Wade, JL; Grassian, VH; Kleiber, PD; Young, MA | 2,002 | #Heterogeneous chemical processes involving trace atmospheric gases with solid particulates, such as carbonaceous aerosol, are not well understood. In an effort to quantify some relevant carbon aerosol systems, the heterogeneous chemistry of NO2 with both commercial and freshly prepared hexane soot was investigated in ... | 0 |
55,447 | A guide to selected algorithms, distributions, and databases used in exposure models developed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards [revised draft] | Johnson, T | 2,002 | null | 0 |
53,456 | Evaluation of health effects of toxic air pollutants in a southern California community: A pilot study | Delfino, RJ | 2,002 | Although acute adverse respiratory effects have been established for EPA criteria air pollutants such as ozone, there is little information on respiratory effects from air pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from outdoor toxic emission sources. We evaluated acute effects of air toxics in school childre... | 0 |
51,121 | Competitive status influences tree-growth responses to elevated CO2 and O3 in aggrading aspen stands | Mcdonald, EP; Kruger, EL; Riemenschneider, DE; Isebrands, JG | 2,002 | Summary 1. Competition effects on growth of individual trees were examined for 4 years in aggrading, mixed-clone stands of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) at the Aspen-FACE free-air CO2 and O3 enrichment facility in northern Wisconsin, USA. During each growing season stands received one of four combination... | 0 |
30,458 | On the use of generalized additive models in time-series studies of air pollution and health | Dominici, F; Mcdermott, A; Zeger, SL; Samet, JM | 2,002 | The widely used generalized additive models (GAM) method is a flexible and effective technique for conducting nonlinear regression analysis in time-series studies of the health effects of air pollution. When the data to which the GAM are being applied have two characteristicsu1) the estimated regression coefficients ar... | 0 |
665,029 | The decoupled direct method for sensitivity analysis in a three-dimensional air quality model implementation, accuracy, and efficiency | Dunker, A; Yarwood, G; Ortmann, J; Wilson, G | 2,002 | The decoupled direct method (DDM) has been implemented in a three-dimensional (3D) air quality model in order to calculate first-order sensitivities with respect to emissions and initial and boundary concentrations. This required deriving new equations for the sensitivities from the equations of the hybrid chemistry so... | 0 |
57,116 | Daily doses of biologically active UV radiation retrieved from commonly available parameters | De La Casiniere, A; Toure, ML; Masserot, D; Cabot, T; Vega, JLP | 2,002 | A multiple linear correlation is done between atmospheric transmissivity for four biologically active radiation daily doses (UVB, erythemal, DNA and plant damage) T, and three parameters (daily sunshine fraction sigma, cosine of the daily minimum solar zenith angle mu min and daily total ozone column omega). T is defin... | 0 |
95,636 | Nitrogen dynamics during O3-induced accelerated senescence in hybrid poplar | Bielenberg, DG; Lynch, JP; Pell, EJ | 2,002 | Experiments were conducted to determine the fate of nitrogen (N) remobilized as a result of ozone (O3)-induced accelerated senescence in hybrid poplar subjected to declining N availability concurrent with O3 stress. Cuttings were grown in sand culture where the supply of N to the plant could be controlled on a daily ba... | 0 |
57,207 | Erythemal ultraviolet irradiance in Cordoba, Argentina | Palancar, GG; Toselli, BM | 2,002 | #Biologically active solar Ultraviolet-B radiation (UVery, 280-315 nm) is monitored in C?rdoba, Argentina (31degrees 24 min S, 64 degrees 11 min W, 400 m a.s.l) using the Yankee Environmental Systems (YES) pyranometer, model UVB-1. Measurements of the solar broadband UV-B irradiances are presented for the period of Nov... | 0 |
55,024 | Three-dimensional calculation of photolysis frequencies in the presence of clouds and impact on photochemistry | Brasseur, AL; Ramaroson, R; Delannoy, A; Skamarock, W; Barth, M | 2,002 | For atmospheric photochemistry, clouds can significantly affect actinic flux distributions, In this paper, we examine the effects of convective clouds on the three-dimensional distribution of the spectral actinic flux and on photolysis frequencies for various chemical species. Three-dimensional solutions of the UV-VIS ... | 0 |
35,656 | Ozone-mediated cytotoxicity after short-term exposure and its relation to the production of cellular metabolites (NO, H2O2) | Klestadt, D; Laval-Gilly, P; Falla, J | 2,002 | Alveolar macrophages secrete numerous mediators, playing an important role in host defence. Among these mediators, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H202) are both involved in bactericidal killing and trigger the release of other cellular metabolites. We have analyzed the effect of an atmosphere polluted with oz... | 0 |
35,450 | Endotoxin potentiates ozone-induced pulmonary chemokine and inflammatory responses | Johnston, CJ; Oberdorster, G; Gelein, R; Finkelstein, JN | 2,002 | Urban air consists of a combination of environmental pollutants. Recent studies have suggested that normally innocuous doses of a particular pollutant may be rendered more toxic to the lung if primed by earlier events. Pulmonary inflammation has been observed in humans and in many animal species after endotoxin and ozo... | 0 |
34,998 | Poisons in the air: a cause of chronic disease in children | Mathieu-Nolf, M | 2,002 | Children represent the largest subpopulation of those susceptible to the adverse effects of air pollution. Compared to adults, children express a greater vulnerability, which can be explained by differences in: the circumstances of exposure related to age, their activities, their child status, differences in lung anato... | 0 |
34,711 | Antioxidant supplementation and lung functions among children with asthma exposed to high levels of air pollutants | Romieu, I; Sienra-Monge, JJ; Ramirez-Aguilar, M; Tellez-Rojo, MM; Moreno-Macias, H; Reyes-Ruiz, NI; Del Rio-Navarro, BE; Ruiz-Navarro, MX; Hatch, G; Slade, R; Hernandez-Avila, M | 2,002 | To evaluate whether acute effects of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particulates with mass median diameter less than 10 Am could be attenuated by antioxidant vitamin supplementation, we conducted a randomized trial using a double-blinded design. Children with asthma (n = 158) who were residents of Mexico City were random... | 1 |
42,774 | Increased permeability of asthmatic epithelial cells to pollutants Does this mean that they are intrinsically abnormal? | Knight, D | 2,002 | N/A. | 0 |
121,261 | Temporal variations in surface ozone at Thumba (86degreesN, 77degreesE)-a tropical coastal site in India | Nair, PR; Chand, D; Lal, S; Modh, KS; Naja, M; Parameswaran, K; Ravindran, S; Venkataramani, S | 2,002 | Surface measurements of ozone and meteorological parameters
are made at a tropical coastal site, Thumba (8.6degreesN, 77degreesE, 2m) in India from April
1997 to March 1998. Ozone shows a diurnal variation with daytime higher levels and a sharp change
in its values during evening time. The evening time change in ... | 0 |
11,922 | A longitudinal study of mortality and air pollution for Sao Paulo, Brazil | Botter, DA; Jorgensen, B; Peres, AAQ | 2,002 | We study the effects of various air-pollution variables on the daily death counts for people over 65 years in SOo Paulo, Brazil, from 1991 to 1993, controlling for meteorological variables. We use a state space model where the air-pollution variables enter via the latent process, and the meteorological variables via th... | 0 |
47,064 | Flame soot generated under controlled combustion conditions: heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on hexane soot | Salgado, MS; Rossi, MJ | 2,002 | We used a Combustion Aerosol Standard burner unit that affords controlled and adjustable flame conditions, and adapted it for use with liquid fuel. We prepared samples of hexane soot under different well-defined combustion conditions, and probed the chemical properties of hexane soot by using its heterogeneous interact... | 0 |
41,958 | Effect of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on the permeability of bronchial epithelial cell cultures of non-asthmatic and asthmatic subjects | Bayram, H; Rusznak, C; Khair, OA; Sapsford, RJ; Abdelaziz, MM | 2,002 | BACKGROUND: Although epidemiological as well as in vivo exposure studies suggest that ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may play a role in airway diseases such as asthma, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the effect of O3 and NO2 on the permeability of human bronchial ep... | 0 |
93,799 | Activation of human epithelial lung a549 cells by the pollutant sodium sulfite: enhancement of neutrophil adhesion | Pelletier, M; Lavastre, V; Girard, D | 2,002 | Air pollutant exposure may induce deterioration of respiratory health. Concentrations of air particles, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and sulfate are among the players involved in the initiation and/or exacerbation of lung diseases. We have previously documented that the pollutant sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) is ... | 0 |
42,778 | Cabin air quality: indoor pollutants and climate during intercontinental flights with and without tobacco smoking | Lindgren, T; Norback, D | 2,002 | The aim was to determine cabin air quality and in-flight exposure for cabin attendants of specific pollutants during intercontinental flights. Measurements of air humidity, temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2), respirable particles, ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde were performed during 26 intercontinen... | 0 |
34,932 | Pollutants and asthma: role of air toxics | Peden, DB | 2,002 | #Asthma is a disease characterized by intermittent bronchoconstriction due to increased airway reactivity to both allergic and nonallergic stimuli. Most asthma exacerbations that result in hospitalization are associated with viral upper respiratory tract infections. Such infections typically induce T-helper type 1 (TH1... | 0 |
52,177 | Temperature dependence of the NO3 loss frequency: A new indicator for the contribution of NO3 to the oxidation of monoterpenes and NOx removal in the atmosphere | Geyer, A; Platt, U | 2,002 | Nitrate radicals are known to act as important oxidizing agents for many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (especially terpenes and dimethyl sulfide (DMS)) and NOx in the nighttime boundary layer. The quantification of these oxidation rates so far ideally implied the measurement of all species reacting with this radica... | 0 |
669,237 | Proteome analysis of differentially displayed proteins as a tool for investigating ozone stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings | Agrawal, GK; Rakwal, R; Yonekura, M; Kubo, A; Saji, H | 2,002 | Employing classical two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), amino acid sequencing and immunoblot analysis, we examine for the first time the effect of ozone, a highly notorious environmental pollutant, on rice seedling proteins. Drastic visible necrotic damage to leaf by ozone and consequent increase in ascorbate perox... | 0 |
34,922 | Exposures to multiple air toxics in New York City | Kinney, PL; Chillrud, SN; Ramstrom, S; Ross, J; Spengler, JD | 2,002 | Efforts to assess health risks associated with exposures to multiple urban air toxics have been hampered by the lack of exposure data for people living in urban areas. The TEACH (Toxic Exposure Assessment, a Columbia/Harvard) study was designed to characterize levels of and factors influencing personal exposures to urb... | 0 |
30,481 | Ozone exposure may enhance airway smooth muscle contraction by increasing Ca(2+) refilling of sarcoplasmic reticulum in guinea pig | Yoshida, M; Aizawa, H; Inoue, H; Koto, H; Nakano, H; Komori, M; Fukuyama, S; Hara, N | 2,002 | Ozone induces airway hyperresponsiveness, but there is controversy about effects of ozone on smooth muscle per se. We therefore investigated effects of in vivo ozone exposure on intracellular calcium mobilization in relation to tracheal smooth muscle contractility in the guinea pig in vitro. Guinea pigs underwent ozone... | 0 |
36,309 | Multi-year experiments on ozone effects on semi-natural vegetation: implications for the development of critical levels | Bender, J; Bergmann, E; Weigel, HJ | 2,002 | N/A. | 0 |
40,151 | Contribution of biogenic emissions to the formation of ozone and particulate matter in the eastern United States | Pun, BK; Wu, SY; Seigneur, C | 2,002 | #As anthropogenic emissions of ozone (O3) precursors, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and PM2.5 precursors continue to decrease in the United States, the fraction of O3 and PM2.5 attributable to natural sources may become significant in some locations, reducing the efficacy that can be expected from future controls of... | 0 |
35,241 | Sources and measurement of ultraviolet radiation | Diffey, BL | 2,002 | Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The biological effects of UV radiation vary enormously with wavelength and for this reason the UV spectrum is further subdivided into three regions: UVA, UVB, and UVC. Quantities of UV radiation are expressed using radiometric terminology. A particular... | 0 |
37,669 | Effects of extremely hot days on people older than 65 years in Seville (Spain) from 1986 to 1997 | Diaz, J; Garcia, R; Velazquez de Castro, F; Hernandez, E; Lopez, C; Otero, A | 2,002 | The effects of heat waves on the population have been described by different authors and a consistent relationship between mortality and temperature has been found, especially in elderly subjects. The present paper studies this effect in Seville, a city in the south of Spain, known for its climate of mild winters and h... | 0 |
40,421 | Pulmonary physiology, airway responsiveness and asthma | Stick, SM | 2,002 | What we know: Tests that have allowed the measurement of lung function in infants have greatly enhanced our understanding of early pulmonary development and the pathophysiology of early respiratory disease. Airway responsiveness in infancy appears to be an independent determinant of symptoms and lung function later in ... | 0 |
35,212 | Ozone exposure activates oxidative stress responses in murine skin | Valacchi, G; Van der Vliet, A; Schock, BC; Okamoto, T; Obermuller-Jevic, U; Cross, CE; Packer, L | 2,002 | Ozone (O3) is among the most reactive environmental oxidant to which skin is exposed. O3 exposure has previously been shown to induce antioxidant depletion as well as lipid and protein oxidation in the outermost skin layer, the stratum corneum (SC), but little is known regarding the potential effects of O3 on the skin ... | 0 |
34,684 | Visits to physicians after the oxygenation of gasoline in Philadelphia | Joseph, PM; Weiner, MG | 2,002 | During the period between 1992 and 1997, there was an increase in levels of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in gasoline in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, area. In this study, the authors analyzed billing records from clinical practices that were extensions of the University of Pennsylvania. The authors based their ... | 0 |
52,365 | Paris emission inventory diagnostics from the ESQUIF airborne measurements and a chemistry transport model | Vautard, R; Martin, D; Beekman, M; Drobinski, P; Friedrich, R; Jaubertie, A; Kley, D; Lattuati, M; Moral, P; Neininger, B; Theloke, J | 2,002 | During the Atmospheric Pollution Over the Paris Area (ESQUIF) experiment a series of airborne measurements were collected in the vicinity of the city of Paris during smog episodes. They are used in combination with an air quality photochemical model in order to diagnose uncertainties in the current emission inventory.... | 0 |
53,397 | Air-snow interactions and atmospheric chemistry | Domine, F; Shepson, PB | 2,002 | The presence of snow greatly perturbs the composition of near-surface polar air, and the higher concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (OH) observed result in a greater oxidative capacity of the lower atmosphere. Emissions of nitrogen oxides, nitrous acid, light aldehydes, acetone, and molecular halogens have also been de... | 0 |
47,252 | Temperature-dependent kinetic study of ozonolysis of selected tropospheric alkenes | Avzianova, EV; Ariya, PA | 2,002 | Ozonolysis reactions of alkenes are suggested to play major roles in the chemistry of the troposphere. Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of O3 with a series of alkenes were determined using relative rate technique based on GC/FID measurements of alkene decays. Experiments were carried out in air over the tempe... | 0 |
35,060 | Air pollution: A new risk factor in ischemic stroke mortality | Hong, YC; Lee, JT; Kim, H; Kwon, HJ | 2,002 | Background and Purpose-Air pollution is known to be associated with cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the occurrence of stroke in relation to air pollution. We investigated the association between acute stroke mortality and air pollution over a 7-year period (January 1991 through December 1997) in Seoul... | 0 |
47,532 | Ozone production rate and hydrocarbon reactivity in 5 urban areas: a cause of high ozone concentration in Houston | Kleinman, LI; Daum, PH; Imre, D; Lee, YN; Nunnermacker, LJ; Springston, SR; Weinstein-Lloyd, J; Rudolph, J | 2,002 | Observations of ozone (O3) and O3 precursors taken from aircraft flights over Houston, TX, Nashville, TN; New York, NY; Phoenix, AZ, and Philadelphia, PA show that high concentrations of reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the Houston atmosphere lead to calculated O3 production rates that are 2 to 5 times hig... | 0 |
55,539 | Injury and growth response of subterranean clover to ambient ozone as assessed by using ethylenediurea (EDU): three years of plant monitoring at four sites in The Netherlands | Tonneijck, AEG; Van Dijk, CJ | 2,002 | #To assess injury and growth responses to ambient ozone, ethylenediurea (EDU) and non-EDU-treated plants of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Geraldton) were exposed to ambient air at four rural sites in the Netherlands during the growing seasons of 1994u1996. In each of two successive experiments of 8 we... | 0 |
47,299 | Kinetics of the gas-phase reaction of some unsaturated alcohols with the nitrate radical | Noda, J; Nyman, G; Langer, S | 2,002 | Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reaction between nitrate radicals and the unsaturated alcohols 2-buten-1-ol (crotyl alcohol, a mixture of cis and trans), 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol (MBO321), and 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol (MBO331) and the alkenes 2-methyl-1-butene and 3-methyl-1-butene have been determined. The values that a... | 0 |
49,144 | Use of bioindicators and passive sampling devices to evaluate ambient ozone concentrations in north central Pennsylvania | Yuska, DE; Skelly, JM; Ferdinand, JA; Stevenson, RE; Savage, JE; Mulki, J; Hines, A | 2,003 | #Ambient concentrations of tropospheric ozone and ozone-induced injury to black cherry (Prunus serotina) and common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) were determined in north central Pennsylvania from 29 May to 5 September 2000 and from 28 May to 18 September 2001. Ogawa passive ozone samplers were utilized within openings ... | 0 |
51,278 | Laboratory studies of interaction between trace gases and sulphuric acid or sulphate aerosols using flow-tube reactors | Leu, MT | 2,003 | Stratospheric ozone provides a protective shield for humanity and the global biosphere from harmful ultraviolet solar radiation. In past decades, theoretical models for the calculation of ozone balance frequently used gas-phase reactions alone in their studies. Since the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole in 1985, h... | 0 |
40,346 | Interpreting spatial variation in ozone symptoms shown by cutleaf cone flower, Rudbeckia laciniata L | Davison, AW; Neufeld, HS; Chappelka, AH; Wolff, KW; Finkelstein, PL | 2,003 | Visible injury caused by ozone is recorded every year in native plant species growing in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (USA). One of the most sensitive species, cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L.), shows great variation in symptoms between and within populations but the causes of this variation and its ec... | 0 |
86,293 | Key clinical activities for quality asthma care Recommendations of the National Asthma Education and Prevention program | Williams, SG; Schmidt, DK; Redd, SC; Storms, W | 2,003 | In 1997, the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP), coordinated by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, published the second Expert Panel Report (EPR-2): Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Asthma Education and Preventio... | 0 |
86,242 | The tropospheric ozone production about the spring equinox (TOPSE) experiment: introduction | Atlas, EL; Ridley, BA; Cantrell, CA | 2,003 | [1] The Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) experiment was conducted during February-March, 2000 to study the evolution of tropospheric chemistry at mid to high latitudes over North America. The experiment used airborne in situ and remote sensing measurements of trace gases, radiation, and ae... | 0 |
52,973 | Ozone sensitivity of Fagus sylvatica and Fraxinus excelsior young trees in relation to leaf structure and foliar ozone uptake | Gerosa, G; Marzuoli, R; Bussotti, F; Pancrazi, M; Ballarin-Denti, A | 2,003 | During the summer of 2001, 2-year-old Fraxinus excelsior and Fagus sylvatica plants were subjected to ozone-rich environmental conditions at the Regional Forest Nursery at Curno (Northern Italy). Atmospheric ozone concentrations and stomatal conductance were measured, in order to calculate the foliar fluxes by means of... | 0 |
54,844 | Liquefied petroleum gas effect on ozone formation in Mexico City | Luis J-LJ; Julio, SF; Uriel, GM; Emmanuel, GO | 2,003 | An experimental study of outdoor smog chambers was carried out to determine effects of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) on maximum ozone (O3 max). 60% additions of commercial LPG and 60%-propane/40% butane mixture of the initial concentration were introduced into eight smog chambers containing morning ambient air of Mexic... | 0 |
673,254 | Quantitative changes in gene expression in fetal rat testes following exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate | Barlow, NJ; Phillips, SL; Wallace, DG; Sar, M; Gaido, KW; Foster, PM | 2,003 | Di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) alters male reproductive development by decreasing testicular testosterone (T) production when fetuses are exposed on gestation days (GD) 12-21. Previous studies have shown altered gene expression for enzymes in the T biosynthetic pathway following exposure to DBP. The objectives of this stu... | 0 |
43,743 | Genetic aspects of susceptibility to air pollution | Kleeberger, SR | 2,003 | Inter-individual variation in human responses to air pollutants suggests that some subpopulations are at increased risk, and it is increasingly clear that genetic background is an important susceptibility factor. Genetically standardised animal models provide useful investigative tools. Linkage analyses using inbred mi... | 0 |
48,170 | Ozone-initiated reactions with mixtures of volatile organic compounds under simulated indoor conditions | Fan, Z; Lioy, P; Weschler, C; Fiedler, N; Kipen, H; Zhang, J | 2,003 | This study examines the primary and secondary products resulting from reactions initiated by adding ozone to complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOC). The mixtures were representative of organic species typically found indoors, but the concentrations tended to be higher than normal indoor levels. Each 4-h e... | 0 |
52,972 | From critical levels to critical loads for ozone: a discussion of a new experimental and modelling approach for establishing flux-response relationships for agricultural crops and native plant species | Grunhage, L; Jager, HJ | 2,003 | Present critical levels for ozone (O3) for protecting vegetation against adverse effects are based on exposure-response relationships mainly derived from open-top chamber experiments and are expressed as an Accumulated exposure Over a Threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40). In that context with a revision of the UN (United Nation... | 1 |
40,440 | A multi-variate statistical model integrating passive sampler and meteorology data to predict the frequency distributions of hourly ambient ozone (O3) concentrations | Krupa, SV; Nosal, M; Ferdinand, JA; Stevenson, RE; Skelly, JM | 2,003 | A multi-variate, non-linear statistical model is described to simulate passive O3 sampler data to mimic the hourly frequency distributions of continuous measurements using climatologic O3 indicators and passive sampler measurements. The main meteorological parameters identified by the model were, air temperature, relat... | 0 |
55,688 | Contribution of respiratory disease to nonrespiratory mortality associations with air pollution | De Leon, SF; Thurston, GD; Ito, K | 2,003 | Many time series studies have found that individuals with primary cardiac conditions were susceptible to the adverse effects associated with increased ambient particle levels. However, the mechanism(s) of these associations is not yet understood. In this study, we evaluate whether individuals with nonrespiratory primar... | 0 |
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