REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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25,437 | The effect of ozone exposure on the ability of human surfactant protein A variants to stimulate cytokine production | Wang, G; Umstead, TM; Phelps, DS; Al-Mondhiry, H; Floros, J | 2,002 | National Institutes of Health (1R01 ES09882-01); Julia Cotler Hematology Research Fund. #Ozone exposure can cause inflammation and impaired lung function. Human surfactant protein A (SP-A) may play a role in inflammation by modulating cytokine production by macrophages. SP-A is encoded by two genes, SP-A1 and SP-A2, an... | 0 |
53,524 | Modeling halogen chemistry in the marine boundary layer: 1. Cloud-free MBL | von Glasow, R; Sander, R; Bott, A; Crutzen, PJ | 2,002 | A numerical one-dimensional model of the marine boundary layer (MBL) is presented. It includes chemical reactions in the gas phase and aerosol particles, focusing on the reaction cycles of halogen compounds. Results of earlier box model studies were confirmed. They showed the acid-catalyzed activation of bromine from s... | 0 |
40,426 | Annual ozone deposition to a Sierra Nevada ponderosa pine plantation | Kurpius, MR; Mckay, J; Goldstein, AH | 2,002 | Ozone concentration and ecosystem scale fluxes were measured continuously from June 1999 to June 2000 above a ponderosa pine plantation at Blodgett Forest, an Ameriflux site located ~75 km northeast of Sacramento, CA (1300 m). The ponderosa pine trees were most active during the summer but maintained a low level of act... | 0 |
52,507 | Development and characterization of a fast measurement system for gas-phase nitric acid with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer in the marine boundary layer | Furutani, H; Akimoto, H | 2,002 | A chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) and an automated air sampling/background signal measurement system designed for fast, reliable, and continuous ground-based measurement of gas-phase nitric acid (HNO3) were developed and characterized in a remote marine boundary layer site, Rishiri Island Observatory in Ja... | 0 |
37,765 | Antioxidants and the response of skin to oxidative stress: vitamin E as a key indicator | Packer, L; Valacchi, G | 2,002 | As the outermost barrier of the body, the skin is directly and frequently exposed to a prooxidative environment, including solar UVA and UVB radiation, and air pollution. The skin is equipped with an elaborate system of antioxidant substances and enzymes that includes a network of redox active antioxidants. Among these... | 0 |
52,494 | A thermal dissociation laser-induced fluorescence instrument for in situ detection of NO2, peroxy nitrates, alkyl nitrates, and HNO3 | Day, DA; Wooldridge, PJ; Dillon, MB; Thornton, JA; Cohen, RC | 2,002 | This paper describes a new instrument that uses a combination of thermal dissociation and laser-induced fluorescence detection of NO2 for in situ detection of the sum total peroxy nitrates, the sum total of alkyl nitrates and hydroxyalkyl nitrates, and HNO3. The instrument is capable of routine, continuous in situ meas... | 0 |
55,224 | Reactive uptake of ozone by aerosol-associated unsaturated fatty acids: kinetics, mechanism, and products | Moise, T; Rudich, Y | 2,002 | The heterogeneous reaction between ozone and oleic and linoleic acids, prevalent components of both marine and urban organic aerosol, were studied in a flow reactor using electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Liquids and frozen liquids were used as proxies for atmospheric aerosol. The reactive upta... | 0 |
47,263 | Product analysis of the OH oxidation of isoprene and 1,3-butadiene in the presence of NO | Sprengnether, M; Demerjian, KL; Donahue, NM; Anderson, JG | 2,002 | The oxidation mechanisms of isoprene and butadiene initiated by OH in the presence of NO have been explored under "wall-less" flowing conditions, with products observed a few seconds after reaction by infrared spectroscopy. Since only ~1% of alkene is reacted, any secondary chemistry is negligible. The use of reaction ... | 0 |
93,701 | [Method and device of deodorization and sterilization using ozone] | Nishimura, H | 2,002 | PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and a device of deodorization and sterilization using ozone sufficiently demonstrating the deodorization and sterilization performance with ozone by spraying ozone air comprising ozone mixed with pressurized air directly from a nozzle to an object and sufficiently bringing the ... | 0 |
34,717 | Smog chamber studies on the influence of diesel exhaust on photosmog formation | Geiger, H; Kleffmann, J; Wiesen, P | 2,002 | In an outdoor smog chamber, volatile organic compounds (VOC)/NOx/air mixtures were irradiated by natural sunlight in the
presence and the absence of diesel exhaust. The VOC mixture contained n-butane, ethene and toluene with a fixed mixing
ratio. Diesel exhaust was generated by a diesel engine mounted on a motor test b... | 0 |
52,783 | ABA and sugar interactions regulating development: cross-talk or voices in a crowd? | Finkelstein, RR; Gibson, SI | 2,002 | Plant growth and development are controlled by the concerted action of many signaling pathways that integrate information from environmental signals with that from developmental and metabolic cues. Physiological studies have demonstrated that abscisic acid and sugars have both similar and antagonistic effects on divers... | 0 |
37,487 | Latest findings on national air quality: 2001 status and trends | null | 2,002 | null | 0 |
48,061 | Airborne measurements of NOx, tracer species, and small particles during the European Lightning Nitrogen Oxides Experiment | Huntrieser, H; Feigl, C; Schlager, H; Schroder, F; Gerbig, C; Van Velthoven, P; Flatoy, F; Thery, C; Petzold, A; Holler, H; Schumann, U | 2,002 | Airborne in situ measurements of NO, NO2, NOy, CO, CO2, O3, J(NO2), and CN were performed in European thunderstorms during the field experiment EULINOX in July 1998. The measurements in the upper troposphere show enhanced NOx (= NO + NO2) concentrations within thunderstorms and their outflow at horizontal scales from 3... | 0 |
34,735 | Organization of the honey bee mushroom body: representation of the calyx within the vertical and gamma lobes | Strausfeld, NJ | 2,002 | Studies of the mushroom bodies of Drosophila melanogaster have suggested that their gamma lobes specifically support short-term memory, whereas their vertical lobes are essential for long-term memory. Developmental studies have demonstrated that the Drosophila gamma lobe, like its equivalent in the cockroach Periplanet... | 0 |
195,774 | Silylation and sulfonation of structured supported catalysts active in the decoloration of azo-dyes under visible light | Yuranova, T; Garamszegi, L; Manson, JA; Bensimon, M; Kiwi, J | 2,002 | Structured silica woven fabrics have been derivatized with functional groups able to anchor by exchange of Fe3+-ions and TiO2 showing a stable performance during the visible light induced decoloration of the Orange II azo-dye. The kinetics and efficiency of the decoloration mediated by the catalytic loaded silica fabri... | 0 |
36,296 | Critical levels for semi-natural vegetation | Fuhrer, J; Ashmore, MR; Mills, G; Hayes, F; Davison, AW | 2,002 | To define critical levels for semi-natural vegetation has been difficult, partly because of the diversity of this receptor, and the complexity of the interactions between ozone and environmental conditions, but also because of the lack of data. This paper evaluates new findings, in particular with respect to the variab... | 0 |
52,479 | UV Fourier transform measurements of tropospheric O3, NO2, SO2, benzene, and toluene | Vandaele, AC; Tsouli, A; Carleer, M; Colin, R | 2,002 | #Using the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique and a Fourier transform spectrometer, NO2, SO2, O3, benzene, and toluene were measured during three measurement campaigns held in Brussels in 1995, 1996, and 1997. The O3 concentrations could be explained as the results of the local photochemistry... | 0 |
41,838 | Ozone impacts on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) grown in a competitive environment | Barbo, DN; Chappelka, AH; Somers, GL; Miller-Goodman, MS; Stolte, K | 2,002 | One-year old, bare-root, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings grown in an early successional plant community, were exposed to four ozone treatments, 12 h day-1 (09:00u21:59 h CST), 7 day week-1 in east-central Alabama for 2 years (1994u1995). Treatments included AA=ambient air (open plot; no chamber), CF=carbon-fil... | 0 |
91,895 | Coastal eutrophication and the Danish National Aquatic Monitoring and Assessment Program | Conley, DJ; Markager, S; Andersen, J; Ellermann, T; Svendsen, LM | 2,002 | Nutrient over-enrichment and cultural eutrophication are significant problems in the Danish marine environment. Symptoms of eutrophication include periods of hypoxia and anoxia in bottom waters, death of benthic-dwelling organisms during anoxia, long-term reductions in the depth distribution of macrophyte communities, ... | 0 |
47,740 | Estimating downward cross-tropopause flux using column ozone and potential vorticity | Olsen, MA; Douglass, AR; Schoeberl, MR | 2,002 | A new method of estimating the downward ozone flux across the midlatitude tropopause is introduced. The algorithm derives the estimate from total column ozone observations. Vertical information is given by analysis potential vorticity fields. This method yields an annual estimate of 500 ? 140 Tg yr-1 stratospheric inje... | 0 |
36,263 | A framework for assessing and reporting on ecological condition: An SAB report | null | 2,002 | The purpose of this report is to provide the Agency with a sample framework that may serve as a guide for designing a system to assess, and then report on, ecological condition at a local, regional, or national scale. The sample framework is intended as an organizing tool that may help the Agency decide what ecological... | 0 |
23,227 | Ambient air pollution and risk of birth defects in Southern California | Ritz, B; Yu, F; Fruin, S; Chapa, G; Shaw, GM; Harris, JA | 2,002 | University of California, Los Angeles--University of Southern California, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; California Birth Defects Monitoring Program. #The authors evaluated the effect of air pollution on the occurrence of birth defects ascertained by the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program... | 1 |
35,381 | Air pollution and climate change | Runeckles, VC | 2,002 | null | 0 |
36,297 | Lower threshold ozone exposures for effects on roots than shoots in wetland species | Batty, K; Ashmore, MR | 2,002 | Sixteen wetland and damp woodland species were fumigated with 70ppb O3 using closed chambers with an exposure period of 8hr day-1, 5 days week-1 for 21 days. 11 of the 16 species were negatively affected by ozone in terms of either visible injury or effects on growth. Eight of the more sensitive species were further in... | 0 |
57,180 | Trends in incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in a Swedish population 1976-1994 | Mansson-Brahme, E; Johansson, H; Larsson, O; Rutqvist, LE; Ringborg, U | 2,002 | The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma has been increasing in Sweden for several decades. In the Stockholm-Gotland area educational activities for healthcare professionals were started in the late 1970s and public primary and secondary prevention campaigns were initiated in the mid-1980s. Melanoma incidence tren... | 0 |
55,078 | Solar actinic radiation (280-420 nm) in the cloud-free troposphere between ground and 12 km altitude: measurements and model results | Hofzumahaus, A; Kraus, A; Kylling, A; Zerefos, CS | 2,002 | Airborne measurements of the spectrally resolved actinic flux (280-420 nm) between the ground and 12 km altitude have been made using a new calibrated dual-channel spectroradiometer. The measurements were made as part of the Photochemical Activity and Ultraviolet Radiation/Altitude Dependence of the Tropospheric Ozone ... | 0 |
133,376 | The origin and day-of-week dependence of photochemical ozone episodes in the UK | Jenkin, ME; Davies, TJ; Stedman, JR | 2,002 | Analyses are presented which focus specifically on photochemical ozone events when hourly mean levels of ozone at UK monitoring sites have reached or exceeded the information threshold of 90 ppbv. The geographical origins of such episodes are determined from an analysis of the trajectories associated with elevated ozon... | 0 |
41,599 | Particulate air pollution and morbidity in the California Central Valley: a high particulate pollution region | Van Den Eeden, SK; Quesenberry, CP, Jr; Lurmann, F | 2,002 | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between particulate air pollution and morbidity among the Kaiser Permanente (KP) membership who reside in the Central Valley (CV) of California. Daily augmented particulate matter (PM) monitoring in the Central Valley was instituted as of November 1996 as part ... | 0 |
46,577 | New evidence of an organic layer on marine aerosols | Tervahattu, H; Hartonen, K; Kerminen, VM; Kupiainen, K; Aarnio, P; Koskentalo, T; Tuck, AF; Vaida, V | 2,002 | An extraordinary episode of fine particles (diameter mainly <2.5 Am) occurred in Helsinki, southern Finland, at the end of February 1998. The air masses came from the North Atlantic Ocean and passed over France, Germany, and southern Scandinavia. Particles were collected during the episode as well as before and after i... | 0 |
667,605 | Emissions of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide associated with the decomposition of arable crop residues on a sandy loam soil in Eastern England | Harrison, R; Ellis, S; Cross, R; Hodgson, JH | 2,002 | Abstract ? Cumulative nitrous oxide emissions measured in a field experiment (g N 2 O-N?ha ?1 , 19 August 1999?9 March 2000) for residues incorporated in the autumn on a sandy loam soil were significantly different: no residue (180) < barley (310) < peas (405); and, rotovate (248) < plough (349). For no residue and sug... | 0 |
143,102 | Isoprene and its degradation products as strong ozone precursors in Insubria, Northern Italy | Duane, M; Poma, B; Rembges, D; Astorga, C; Larsen, BR | 2,002 | Frequent smog episodes occur during spring, summer, and autumn in Insubria, Northern Italy. On a test site in this area the atmospheric concentration of the photo-oxidants ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate has been monitored over a year (2000) together with ozone precursors listed in the European Union Air Quality Directi... | 0 |
93,593 | The epidemiology of skin cancer | Diepgen, TL; Mahler, V | 2,002 | Melanoma and non-melanoma (basal and squamous cell carcinoma) skin cancer (NMSC) are now the most common types of cancer in the white populations and the incidence of skin cancer has reached epidemic proportions. According to recent population-based studies from Australia the incidence rate is over 2% for basal cell ca... | 0 |
36,663 | Long-term ozone exposure and ozone uptake of grapevines in open-top chambers | Soja, G; Reichenauer, T; Eid, M; Schaber, R; Gangl, H | 2,002 | Ozone uptake of pot-grown grapevine plants, grape yield and sugar concentrations in the grape juice were studied during the course of four years. In three of these years the plants were exposed to four different, partly elevated ozone levels in open-top chambers. The results showed that juice quality was more sensitive... | 0 |
47,405 | Stratospheric ozone depletion at northern mid latitudes in the 21st century: the importance of future concentrations of greenhouse gases nitrous oxide and methane | Randeniya, LK; Vohralik, PF; Plumb, IC | 2,002 | #There is evidence that the halogen loading of the atmosphere has peaked and stratospheric ozone levels are expected to recover to pre-1980 levels this century. However, N2O concentrations in the atmosphere are increasing, resulting in increasing levels of NOx in the stratosphere. In addition, the growth rate in the at... | 0 |
625,186 | Expression of activation markers and cytokine mRNA by peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 T cells in atopic and nonatopic childhood asthma: effect of inhaled glucocorticoid therapy | Gemou-Engesaeth, V; Fagerhol, MK; Toda, M; Hamid, Q; Halvorsen, S; Groegaard, JB; Corrigan, CJ | 2,002 | Hypothesis. Activated CD8 as well as CD4 T cells contribute to the production of asthma-relevant cytokines in both atopic and nonatopic childhood asthma.
Objectives. To measure the percentages of peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing naive/memory (CD45RA/CD45RO) and activation (HLA-DR, CD25) markers, as wel... | 0 |
44,156 | The oxidation of organic compounds in the troposphere and their global warming potentials | Collins, WJ; Derwent, RG; Johnson, CE; Stevenson, DS | 2,002 | Oxidation by hydroxyl radicals is the main removal process for organic compounds in the troposphere. This oxidation acts as a source of ozone and as a removal process for hydroxyl and peroxy radicals, thereby reducing the efficiency of methane oxidation and promoting the build-up of methane. Emissions of organic compou... | 0 |
52,804 | Hydrogen peroxide signalling | Neill, S; Desikan, R; Hancock, J | 2,002 | #Recent biochemical and genetic studies confirm that hydrogen peroxide is a signalling molecule in plants that mediates responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Signalling roles for hydrogen peroxide during abscisic-acid-mediated stomatal closure, auxin-regulated root gravitropism and tolerance of oxygen deprivation a... | 0 |
41,556 | Kinetics and products of reactions of MTBE with ozone and ozone/hydrogen perioxide in water | Mitani, MM; Keller, AA; Bunton, CA; Rinker, RG; Sandall, OC | 2,002 | Methyl-t-butyl-ether (MTBE) has become a prevalent groundwater pollutant due to its high volume use as a nationwide gasoline additive. Given its physicochemical properties, it requires new treatment approaches. Both aqueous O3 and a combination of O3/H2O2, which gives .OH, can remove MTBE from water, making use of O3 a... | 0 |
36,661 | Background paper: crops, workshop establishing ozone critical levels II; November; G?teborg, Sweden | null | 2,002 | N/A. | 0 |
45,516 | Water soluble organic compounds formed by oxidation of soot | Decesari, S; Facchini, MC; Matta, E; Mircea, M; Fuzzi, S; Chughtai, AR; Smith, DM | 2,002 | The water soluble organic compounds (WSOC) in soot samples as a function of the extent of ozone oxidation have been measured by a new methodology which utilises ion exchange chromatography, total carbon analysis and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. These results have been compared with the same analyses of various at... | 0 |
23,761 | Interactive effects of cigarette smoke and ozone in the induction of lung injury | Bhalla, DK | 2,002 | The article highlighted in this issue is "Short-Term Exposure to Aged and Diluted Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Enhances Ozone-Induced Lung Injury in B6C3F1 Mice" by Mang Yu, Kent E. Pinkerton, and Hanspeter Witschi (pp. 99u106). | 0 |
23,760 | Short-term exposure to aged and diluted sidestream cigarette smoke enhances ozone-induced lung injury in B6C3F1 mice | Yu, M; Pinkerton, KE; Witschi, H | 2,002 | National Institutes of Health (ES05705 and RR00169); California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (6RT-0327 and 7RT-0118). To determine the effects of aged and diluted sidestream cigarette smoke (ADSS) as a surrogate of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on ozone-induced lung injury, male B6C3F1 mice were exposed... | 0 |
38,179 | Effects of oxidants at the biochemical, cell and physiological levels, with particular reference to ozone | Long, SP; Naidu, SL | 2,002 | Introduction Although there are many oxidizing pollutants in the atmosphere (Cape, 1997), ozone is by far the most significant for plants today because of its toxicity, widespread occurrence and increasing incidence (Fishman, 1991). This chapter focuses on ozone (O3), however, many of the responses are common to those ... | 0 |
55,446 | Environmental dynamics and human exposure to copper Volume 2: framework and data sources for assessing human exposure to copper in the United States | Georgopoulos, P; Wang, SW; Vyas, VM; Lioy, PJ; Tan, HC | 2,002 | null | 0 |
47,877 | Climate forcing of subsonic aviation: indirect role of sulfate particles via heterogeneous chemistry | Pitari, G; Mancini, E; Bregman, A | 2,002 | #The aerosol budget in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere may be perturbed by subsonic aviation through direct particle emission or, indirectly, following oxidation of emitted SO2 into sulfuric acid. These additional (or larger) particles produce a radiative forcing (RF) of climate by interacting with solar a... | 0 |
52,241 | Active chlorine release from marine aerosols: roles for reactive iodine and nitrogen species | Mcfiggans, G; Cox, RA; Mossinger, JC; Allan, BJ; Plane, JMC | 2,002 | Recent laboratory measurements of the uptake of gaseous hypoiodous acid (HOI) on NaCI, NaBr, and sea-salt surfaces have been used to aid calculation of the expected liberation of chlorine atoms from sea-salt aerosol resulting from marine boundary layer (MBL) iodine chemistry. An existing model has been extended to incl... | 0 |
23,222 | Effects of air pollution on daily clinic visits for lower respiratory tract illness | Hwang, JS; Chan, CC | 2,002 | The authors used data obtained from clinic records and environmental monitoring stations in Taiwan during 1998 to estimate the association between air pollution and daily numbers of clinic visits for lower respiratory tract illness. A small-area design and hierarchical modeling were used for the analysis. Rates of dail... | 0 |
44,079 | Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on potato tuber quality in the European multiple-site experiment 'CHIP-project' | Vorne, V; Ojanpera, K; De Temmerman, L; Bindi, M; Hogy, P; Jones, MB; Lawson, T; Persson, K | 2,002 | #Potato (Solanum tuberosum L cv. Bintje) was exposed to ambient and elevated carbon dioxide (CO(2)), to ambient and elevated ozone (O(3)) and to elevated levels of both gases during two growing seasons, 1998 and 1999. Experiments in open-top chambers (OTC) were carried out in Finland, Sweden, lreland, United Kingdom, G... | 0 |
55,500 | Distribution of ozone and other air pollutants in forests of the Carpathian Mountains in central Europe | Bytnerowicz, A; Godzik, B; Fraczek, W; Grodzinska, K; Krywult, M; Badea, O; Barancok, P; Blum, O; Cerny, M; Godzik, S; Mankovska, B; Manning, W; Moravcik, P; Musselman, R; Oszlanyi, J; Postelnicu DSzdzuj, J; Varsavova, M; Zota, M | 2,002 | Ozone (O3) concentrations were monitored during the 1997-1999 growing seasons in 32 forest sites of the Carpathian Mountains. At all sites (elevation between 450 and 1320 m) concentrations of O3, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were measured with passive samplers. In addition, in two western Carpathian... | 0 |
35,400 | Impact of fungicides on active oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L) exposed to ozone | Wu, YX; Tiedemann, AV | 2,002 | #Two modern fungicides, a strobilurin, azoxystrobin (AZO), and a triazole, epoxiconazole (EPO), applied as foliar spray on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Scarlett) 3 days prior to fumigation with injurious doses of ozone (150-250 ppb; 5 days; 7 h/day) induced a 50-60% protection against ozone injury on leaves. F... | 0 |
79,882 | In situ autumn ozone fumigation of mature Norway spruce--effects on net photosynthesis | Mikkelsen, TN; Ro-Poulsen, H | 2,002 | null | 0 |
35,278 | Effects of pollutant mixtures | Fangmeier, A; Bender, J; Weigel, HJ; Jager, HJ | 2,002 | Plants in their natural environment are important mediators in the exchange of a wide variety of different gaseous and particulate compounds between the atmosphere and the biosphere (Table 14.1), i.e. the vegetation may either act asa source or a sink for these compounds. For example, as part of the overall biogeochemi... | 0 |
24,689 | Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution | Pope, CA, III; Burnett, RT; Thun, MJ; Calle, EE; Krewski, D; Ito, K; Thurston, GD | 2,002 | Context Associations have been found between day-to-day particulate air pollution and increased risk of various adverse health outcomes, including cardiopulmonary mortality. However, studies of health effects of long-term particulate air pollution have been less conclusive.
Objective To assess the relationship between... | 1 |
30,356 | A combined analysis of the short-term effects of photochemical air pollutants on mortality within the EMECAM project | Saez, M; Ballester, F; Barcelo, MA; Perez-Hoyos, S; Bellido, J; Tenias, JM; Ocana, R; Figueiras, A; Arribas, F; Aragones, N; Tobias, A; Cirera, L; Canada, A; on behalf of the EMECAM Group | 2,002 | #In recent years, some epidemiologic studies have attributed adverse effects of air pollutants on health not only to particles and sulfur dioxide but also to photochemical air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide and ozone). The effects are usually small, leading to some inconsistencies in the results of the studies. Furthermo... | 0 |
56,689 | Calculation of the height of the stable boundary layer in practical applications | Zilitinkevich, S; Baklanov, A | 2,002 | Currently used and newly proposed calculation techniques for the height of the stable boundary layer (SBL), including the bulk-Richardson-number method, diagnostic equations for the equilibrium SBL height, and a relaxation-type prognostic equation, are discussed from the point of view of their physical basis and releva... | 0 |
30,595 | KCO912: a potent and selective opener of ATP-dependent potassium (K(ATP)) channels which suppresses airways hyperreactivity at doses devoid of cardiovascular effects | Buchheit, KH; Manley, PW; Quast, U; Russ, U; Mazzoni, L; Fozard, JR | 2,002 | ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel openers can obviate experimental airways hyperreactivity (AHR) and have shown therapeutic benefit in asthma. However, the clinical potential of such compounds has been compromised by cardiovascular side-effects. We report here the pharmacological properties of (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydro-... | 0 |
127,949 | Ozone episodes in urban Hong Kong 1994-1999 | Lee, YC; Calori, G; Hills, P; Carmichael, GR | 2,002 | Summer pollution episodes in Hong Kong are related to the passage of tropical storms close to the territory. Between 1994 and 1999, there were six territory-wide ozone episodes in Hong Kong during which the Hong Kong Air Quality Objective for ozone (240 mugm(-3), 1 h) was violated. The maximum 03 concentration for the ... | 0 |
35,259 | Air pollution and plant life | null | 2,002 | null | 0 |
52,788 | The sensitivity of ABI2 to hydrogen peroxide links the abscisic acid-response regulator to redox signalling | Meinhard, M; Rodriguez, PL; Grill, E | 2,002 | ABI1 and ABI2 are two protein serine/threonine phosphatases of type 2C (EC 3.1.3.16) that act as key regulators in the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. to abscisic acid (ABA). They are involved in the control of ABA-mediated seed dormancy, stomatal closure and vegetative growth inhibition. Analysis of the ... | 0 |
32,962 | Factors affecting individual exposure to NO2 in Genoa (northern Italy) | Gallelli, G; Orlando, P; Perdelli, F; Panatoo, D | 2,002 | The individual exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) of 89 volunteers living in Genoa, a large port city of northern Italy, was investigated with personal passive diffusion tubes in February-March 2000. The data were related to NO2 concentration in the kitchen and bedroom as measured by static samplers. Volunteers include... | 0 |
57,221 | Average summer peak UV-B in central Texas, 1995-2001 | Roeder, RC | 2,002 | This paper develops the statistical treatment necessary to calculate the error bars associated with the average summer peak UV-B irradiance (ASPUV), a measure of annual solar UV-B irradiance similar to the "summertime peak UV Index" introduced by McKenzie et al. These errors include the effects of autocorrelation among... | 0 |
47,705 | Air pollutant emissions | null | 2,002 | null | 0 |
47,006 | Air pollution and human health hazards | Gupta, S; Dogra, TD | 2,002 | ABSTRACT Ambient air pollution causes health effects in exposed populations. Significant association between daily number of deaths and levels of particulates with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microns (PM,0) has been reported. There is a strong effect of air pollution on respiratory symptoms. There was a si... | 0 |
53,018 | Impact of elevated CO2 and O3 on gas exchange parameters and epidermal characteristics in potato (Solanum tuberosum L) | Lawson, T; Craigon, J; Black, CR; Colls, JJ; Landon, G; Weyers, JDB | 2,002 | Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bintje) were grown in open-top chambers (OTCs) under three CO2 levels (ambient and 24 h d-1 seasonal mean concentrations of 550 and 680 Amol mol-1) and two O3 levels (ambient and a seasonal mean 8 h d-1 concentration of 50 nmol mol-1). The objectives were to determine the effects... | 0 |
45,099 | Radiative and microphysical interactions between marine stratocumulus clouds and Saharan dust 2 Modeling | Pradelle, F; Cautenet, G | 2,002 | In the first part of this study, we attempted to highlight some radiative effects of dust particles in the presence of clouds using satellite observations. A statistical study over 6 years of daily Meteosat images revealed a minimum in the apparent cloud albedo (ocean-cloud-atmosphere system) ranging between 10% and 20... | 0 |
93,273 | Poluicao atmosferica e atendimentos por pneumonia e gripe em Sao Paulo, Brasil (Air pollution and emergency room visits due to pneumonia and influenza in Sao Paulo, Brazil) | Martins, LC; Latorre, MR; Cardoso, MR; Goncalves, FL; Saldiva, PH; Braga, AL | 2,002 | OBJECTIVE: A time series was developed to investigate the effect of air pollution levels on morbidity due to respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and influenza among elderly people from 1996 to 1998. METHODS: Daily data on emergency room visits was collected at the university clinics hospital in S?o Paulo, Brazil. Da... | 0 |
25,417 | Acute lung injury: functional genomics and genetic susceptibility | Leikauf, GD; Mcdowell, SA; Wesselkamper, SC; Hardie, WD; Leikauf, JE; Korfhagen, TR; Prows, DR | 2,002 | Initiated by numerous factors, acute lung injury is marked by epithelial and endothelial cell perturbation and inflammatory cell influx that leads to surfactant disruption, pulmonary edema, and atelectasis. This syndrome has been associated with a myriad of mediators including cytokines, oxidants, and growth factors. T... | 0 |
46,912 | A laboratory study of the heterogeneous uptake and oxidation of sulfur dioxide on mineral dust particles | Usher, CR; Al-Hosney, H; Carlos-Cuellar, S; Grassian, VH | 2,002 | The heterogeneous uptake and oxidation of SO2 on particle surfaces representative of mineral dusts found in the atmosphere have been investigated. These particles include metal oxides (e.g., hematite, corundum), calcite, and China loess. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to characterize surface-bound species following exposu... | 0 |
26,330 | A model for the effect on health of repeated exposure to ozone | Freijer, JI; Van Eijkeren, JCH; Van Bree, L | 2,002 | Exposure to ambient ozone can result in lung function decrement in humans. Clinical studies in which humans were repeatedly exposed to ozone have revealed that lung function decrement decreases after each additional exposure event. Ozone concentrations in the ambient atmosphere show strong seasonal, episodic, and diurn... | 0 |
35,399 | Impact of four years exposure to different levels of ozone, phosphorus and drought on chlorophyll, mineral nutrients, and stem volume of Norway spruce, Picea abies | Wallin, G; Karlsson, PE; Sellden, G; Ottosson, S; Medin, EL; Pleijel, H; Skarby, L | 2,002 | Saplings of one clone of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst, were planted in 120 l pots in 1991 and exposed to three levels of ozone, two levels of phosphorus and two levels of water supply in 42 open-top chambers (OTCs), during 1992-1996. The effects of pots and OTCs were also tested. Nutrient concentrations of the... | 0 |
35,242 | Cabin air quality: an overview | Rayman, RB | 2,002 | #In recent years, there have been increasing complaints from cockpit crew, cabin crew, and passengers that the cabin air quality of commercial aircraft is deficient. A myriad of complaints including headache, fatigue, fever, and respiratory difficulties among many others have been registered, particularly by flight att... | 0 |
57,222 | Comparisons of corrected daily integrated erythemal UVR data from the US EPA/UGA network of Brewer spectroradiometers with model and TOMS-inferred data | Sabburg, J; Rives, JE; Meltzer, RS; Taylor, T; Schmalzle, G; Zheng, S; Huang, N; Wilson, A; Udelhofen, PM | 2,002 | A network of 21 Brewer spectroradiometers, owned by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and operated by the University of Georgia (UGA), is measuring ultraviolet (UV) spectral irradiances throughout the United States. Corrections to the raw data for 4 of the 21 Brewers have now been implemented. These c... | 0 |
80,085 | cDNA microarray assessment for ozone-stressed Arabidopsis thaliana | Matsuyama, T; Tamaoki, M; Nakajima, N; Aono, M; Kubo, A; Moriya, S; Ichihara, T; Suzuki OSaji, H | 2,002 | Various detrimental factors in the environment damage plants, resulting in growth inhibition or withering. However, it is not easy to identify causal factors by visually inspecting the damaged plants. Therefore, we have developed a sensitive and reliable method for plant diagnosis, based on measuring changes in express... | 0 |
52,960 | Changing climate and potential impacts on potato yield and quality 'CHIP': introduction, aims and methodology | De Temmerman, L; Hacour, A; Guns, M | 2,002 | Climate change effects caused by an increasing concentration of CO2 and ozone represent an issue of major concern both for scientists and policy-makers. In a concerted program funded by the Commission of the European Union, a European network of experiments (in open-top chambers (OTC), and free air carbon dioxide enric... | 0 |
36,668 | Suggestion of a new short-term critical level for acute ozone injury on plants | Pleijel, H; Pihl Karlsson, G; Soja, G; Vandermeiren, K; Karlsson, PE | 2,002 | Based on a detailed study of 32 datasets from Austria, Belgium and Sweden with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) the old short-term critical level for acute ozone injury was tested and a new short-term critical level value was suggested. The suggested new value is a flux-based index, CUO9 = 100 Amol m-2 duri... | 0 |
30,636 | Deficiency in inducible nitric oxide synthase protects mice from ozone-induced lung inflammation and tissue injury | Fakhrzadeh, L; Laskin, JD; Laskin, DL | 2,002 | Inhalation of ozone causes Type I epithelial cell necrosis and Type II cell hyperplasia and proliferation. This is associated with an accumulation of activated macrophages in the lower lung, which we have demonstrated contribute to tissue injury. Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive cytotoxic macrophage-derived media... | 1 |
47,802 | Effect of regional-scale transport on oxidants in the vicinity of Philadelphia during the 1999 NE-OPS Field Campaign | Fast, JD; Zaveri, RA; Bian, RX; Chapman, EG; Easter, RC | 2,002 | A new meteorological-chemical model is used to determine the relative contribution of regional-scale transport and local photochemical production on air quality over Philadelphia. The model performance is evaluated using surface and airborne meteorological and chemical measurements made during a 30-day period in July a... | 0 |
626,945 | Sample size requirements for association studies of gene-gene interaction | Gauderman, WJ | 2,002 | In the study of complex diseases, it may be important to test hypotheses related to gene-gene (G x G) interaction. The success of such studies depends critically on obtaining adequate sample sizes. In this paper, the author investigates sample size requirements for studies of G x G interaction, focusing on four study ... | 0 |
93,690 | Comparison of chamber and face-mask 6.6-hour exposures to ozone on pulmonary function and symptoms responses | Adams, WC | 2,002 | Because of increased interest in an 8-h ozone (O3) federal air quality standard, acute pulmonary function responses to prolonged square-wave O3 exposure between 0.08 and 0.12 ppm have been examined in several U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) chamber studies. A low-cost face-mask O3 exposure system was develop... | 1 |
53,043 | Tissue structure and respiration of stems of Betula pendula under contrasting ozone exposure and nutrition | Matyssek, R; Gunthardt-Goerg, MS; Maurer, S; Christ, R | 2,002 | Tissue structure and respiration (Rs) of stems were analyzed in Betula pendula grown throughout the growing season in either filtered air (control) or 90/40 nl O3 1-1 (day/night). Both regimes were split into high and low nutrient supply. High nutrition increased tissue and cell sizes within the stem xylem, phloem and ... | 0 |
53,200 | Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Gomez, FP; Rodriguez-Roisin, R | 2,002 | The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease(GOLD) was developed recently to unify international efforts in the management of the disease, The most important GOLD objective is raising awareness that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an increasing health problem. The first step in the GOLD program w... | 0 |
25,620 | Field observations of regional and urban impacts on NO2, ozone, UVB, and nitrate radical production rates in the Phoenix air basin | Gaffney, JS; Marley, NA; Drayton, PJ; Doskey, PV; Kotamarthi, VR; Cunningham, MM; Baird, JC; Dintaman, J; Hart, HL | 2,002 | In the May and June of 1998, field measurements were taken at a site near the Usery Pass Recreation Area, ~27 miles from the downtown Phoenix area, overlooking Phoenix and Mesa, Arizona. This site was selected to examine the impacts of the Phoenix urban plume on the Usery Pass Recreation Area and surrounding regions. D... | 0 |
34,981 | An ecologic study of dietary and solar ultraviolet-B links to breast carcinoma mortality rates | Grant, WB | 2,002 | BACKGROUND: The role of diet in the etiology of breast carcinoma has been debated for decades. The ecologic approach generally finds that dietary fat is highly associated with breast carcinoma mortality, with fish intake and solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, a source of vitamin D, inversely associated. Case-control... | 0 |
41,550 | Development of passive sampler technique for ozone monitoring Estimation of indoor and outdoor ozone concentration | Helaleh, MIH; Ngudiwaluyo, S; Korenaga, T; Tanaka, K | 2,002 | A passive sampler method has been developed for ozone monitoring. The method involves a badge
type passive sampler and is applied to the analysis of ozone exposure as an indoor and outdoor air pollutants. The passive sampler used in this experiment consists of glass fiber filter coated with NaNO2, Na2CO3 and ethylene ... | 0 |
53,445 | A new chemical Lagrangian model of the stratosphere (CLaMS): 1. Formulation of advection and mixing | Mckenna, DS; Konopka, P; Grooss, JU; Gunther, G; Muller, R; Spang, R; Offermann, D; Orsolini, Y | 2,002 | Recent satellite observations and dynamical studies have demonstrated the existence of filamentary structures in chemical tracer fields in the stratosphere. It is also evident that such features are often below the spatial resolution of the highest-resolution Eulerian models that have been used up to the present time. ... | 0 |
49,036 | Heritability of ozone sensitivity in open-pollinated families of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) | Lee, JC; Steiner, KC; Zhang, JW; Skelly, JM | 2,002 | First-year seedlings of black cherry, representing 10 open-pollinated families from wild parents, were exposed in CSTR chambers to replicated treatments of 30, 60, 90, and 120 ppb ambient ozone for a 7 hr day-1, 5 day wk-1. Stem height, occurrence of leaf senescence, and visible foliar injury expressed as adaxial stipp... | 0 |
90,182 | Validation of the Willems badge diffusive sampler for nitrogen dioxide determinations in occupational environments | Hagenbjork-Gustafsson, A; Lindahl, R; Levin, JO; Karlsson, D | 2,002 | The Willems badge, a diffusive sampler for nitrogen dioxide, has previously been validated for ambient air measurements. This paper describes the laboratory and field validation of the Willems badge for personal sampling under working environment conditions. The mean sampling rate in the laboratory tests was 46 ml min-... | 0 |
36,308 | Brown knapweek (Centaurea jacea L) as a potential bioindicator native plant species for ambient ozone in Europe | Bungener, P; Bassin, S; Fuhrer, J | 2,002 | The western part (canton of Geneva) and the southern region of Switzerland (canton of Ticino) (Figure 1) together with the upper Po Plain industrial area in northern Italy, are regularly exposed to high peaks of 0 levels during the summer months (Geneva Air Quality Bulletin; Staffelbach et al., 1997). Previous field su... | 0 |
41,538 | Indoor carbon dioxide concentrations, VOCS, environmental sensitivity association with mucous membrane and lower respiratory sick building syndrome symptoms in the BASE study: analyses of the 100 building dataset | Apte, MG; Erdmann, CA | 2,002 | Using the 100 office-building Building Assessment Survey and Evaluation (BASE) Study dataset, we performed multivariate logistic regression analyses to quantify the associations between indoor minus outdoor CO2 (dCO2) concentrations and mucous membrane (MM) and lower respiratory system (Lresp) Sick Building Syndrome (S... | 0 |
36,417 | Forest inventory and analysis: a national inventory and monitoring program | Smith, WB | 2,002 | #Forests provide significant commodity and noncommodity values to the citizens of the United States. An important and substantial role in ensuring the continued health, productivity, and sustainability of these resources is a reliable and credible inventory and monitoring program. The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA... | 0 |
25,430 | Use of an index to reflect the aggregate burden of long-term exposure to criteria air pollutants in the United States | Kyle, AD; Woodruff, TJ; Buffler, PA; Davis, DL | 2,002 | Air pollution control in the United States for five common pollutants--particulate matter, ground-level ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide--is based partly on the attainment of ambient air quality standards that represent a level of air pollution regarded as safe. Regulatory and health agencie... | 0 |
25,621 | Diesel exhaust and asthma: hypotheses and molecular mechanisms of action | Pandya, RJ; Solomon, G; Kinner, A; Balmes, JR | 2,002 | #Several components of air pollution have been linked to asthma. In addition to the well-studied critera air pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone, diesel exhaust and diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) also appear to play a role in respiratory and allergic diseases. Diesel exhaust is composed of ... | 0 |
25,432 | Nitrous acid, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone concentrations in residential environments | Lee, K; Xue, J; Geyh, AS; Ozkaynak, H; Leaderer, BP; Weschler, CJ; Spengler, JD | 2,002 | Nitrous acid (HONO) may be generated by heterogeneous reactions of nitrogen dioxide and direct emission from combustion sources. Interactions among nitrogen oxides and ozone are important for outdoor photochemical reactions. However, little is known of indoor HONO levels or the relationship between residential HONO, NO... | 0 |
30,469 | Method of treating cancer, specifically leukemia, with ozone | Smith, LMJ | 2,002 | A method for treating malignant cells such as leukemia or chronic myeloid leukemia, in a mammal, comprising of administering to the mammal a leukemia therapeutically effective amount of reactive oxygen intermediates. A method of treating cancer in a mammal with cancer and modulating the mammal's immune system, comprisi... | 0 |
24,690 | Effects of air pollutants on acute stroke mortality | Hong, YC; Lee, JT; Kim, H; Ha, EH; Schwartz, J; Christiani, DC | 2,002 | The relationship between stroke and air pollution has not been adequately studied. We conducted a time-series study to examine the evidence of an association between air pollutants and stroke over 4 years (January 1995?December 1998) in Seoul, Korea. We used a generalized additive model to regress daily stroke death co... | 0 |
25,436 | Associations between daily mortalities from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and air pollution in Hong Kong, China | Wong, TW; Tam, WS; Yu, TS; Wong, AHS | 2,002 | OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between ambient concentrations of air pollutants and respiratory and cardiovascular mortalities in Hong Kong. METHODS: Retrospective ecological study. A Poisson regression of concentrations of daily air pollutants on daily mortalities for respiratory and cardiovascular disease... | 0 |
52,968 | Effects of elevated CO2 and/or ozone on nutrient concentrations and nutrient uptake of potatoes | Fangmeier, A; De Temmerman, L; Black, C; Persson, K; Vorne, V | 2,002 | Potato crops were grown at seven sites across Europe to test the effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and/or tropospheric ozone concentrations on growth, yield and various aspects of potato tuber quality within the framework of the EC funded programme Changing Climate and Potential Impacts on Potato Yield and... | 0 |
25,433 | Susceptibility to ozone-induced acute lung injury in iNOS-deficient mice | Kenyon, NJ; Van Der Vliet, A; Schock, BC; Okamoto, T; Mcgrew, GM; Last, JA | 2,002 | Mice deficient in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; C57Bl/6Ai-[KO]NOS2 N5) or wild-type C57BY6 mice were exposed to 1 part/million of ozone 8 h/night or to filtered air for three consecutive nights. Endpoints measured included lavagable total protein, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, matrix metalloproteina... | 1 |
47,063 | Chemical components of single particles measured with particle analysis by laser mass spectrometry (PALMS) during the Atlanta SuperSite Project: focus on organic/sulfate, lead, soot, and mineral particles | Lee, SH; Murphy, DM; Thomson, DS; Middlebrook, AM | 2,002 | Using a Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometery (PALMS) instrument, we have measured the chemical components of 0.35-2.5 Am in aerodynamic diameter aerosols during the Atlanta SuperSite Project in August 1999. During the whole campaign period, over a half million single-particle mass spectra were obtained, and ab... | 0 |
95,532 | Role of exposure to air pollutants in the development of type 1 diabetes before and after 5 yr of age | Hathout, EH; Beeson, WL; Nahab, F; Rabadi, A; Thomas, W; Mace, JW | 2,002 | Objective: To assess the role of ambient air pollutants in type 1 diabetes in children.
Design and methods: Prediagnosis exposure to five air pollutants was studied in two subgroups with onset of type 1 diabetes before and after 5 yr of age, and two matched subgroups of healthy children. Zip codes and dates of residenc... | 0 |
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