REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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53,420 | The North Atlantic oscillation controls air pollution transport to the Arctic | Eckhardt, S; Stohl, A; Beirle, S; Spichtinger, N; James, P; Forster, C; Junker, C; Wagner, T; Platt, U; Jennings, SG | 2,003 | This paper studies the interannual variability of pollution pathways from northern hemisphere (NH) continents into the Arctic. Using a 15-year model simulation of the dispersion of passive tracers representative of anthropogenic emissions from NH continents, we show that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) exerts a st... | 0 |
53,510 | Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review | Sander, R; Keene, WC; Pszenny, AAP; Arimoto RAyers, GP; Chainey, JM; Crutzen, PJ; Duce, RA; Huebert, BJ; Maenhaut, W; Turekian, VC; Van Dingenan, R | 2,003 | #The cycling of inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer (mbl) has received increased attention in recent years. Bromide, a constituent of sea water, is injected into the atmosphere in association with sea-salt aerosol by breaking waves on the ocean surface. Measurements reveal that supermicrometer sea-salt ae... | 0 |
57,205 | Moderation of cloud reduction of UV in the Antarctic due to high surface albedo | NicholSE; Pfister, G; Boedeker, GE; McKenzie, RL; Wood, SW; Bernhard, G | 2,003 | To gauge the impact of clouds on erythemal (sunburn causing) UV irradiances under different surface albedo conditions, UV measurements from two Antarctic sites (McMurdo and South Pole Stations) and a midlatitude site (Lauder, New Zealand) are examined. The surface albedo at South Pole remains high throughout the year, ... | 0 |
80,674 | The uptake of gaseous organic nitrogen by leaves: A significant global nitrogen transfer process | Sparks, JP; Roberts, JM; Monson, RK | 2,003 | We report measurements of the uptake of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) by plant leaves at mixing ratios typical of the continental lower troposphere. PAN uptake rates between 20 and 55 pmol m super(-2) s super(-1) were measured in eight plant species at an atmospheric mixing ratio of 250 pptv. Uptake rates in all species w... | 0 |
42,757 | Repeated episodes of ozone inhalation attenuates airway injury/repair and release of substance P, but not adaptation | Schelegle, ES; Walby, WF; Alfaro, MF; Wong, VJ; Putney, L; Stovall, MY; Sterner-Kock, A; Hyde, DM; Plopper, CG | 2,003 | To determine the impact of repeated episodes of ozone exposure on physiologic adaptation, epithelial injury/repair, and tracheal substance P levels, adult rats were subjected to episodes of ozone (5 days, 1 ppm, 8 h/day) followed by 9 days of filtered air for four cycles. Rats were sampled on days 1 and 5 of each episo... | 0 |
53,779 | Ozone-enhanced oxidation of oxalic acid in water with cobalt catalysts 2 heterogeneous catalytic ozonation | Beltran, FJ; Rivas, FJ; Montero-De Espinosa, R | 2,003 | Ozone and a Co3O4/A12O3 catalyst have been used to remove oxalic acid from water at acidic pH. The influence of different variables, including the initial oxalic acid and ozone gas concentrations, the catalyst mass, and the temperature, has been investigated under conditions of chemical control. The ozone efficiency wa... | 0 |
52,609 | Nitrogen dynamics in ice storm-damaged forest ecosystems: implications for nitrogen limitation theory | Houlton, BZ; Driscoll, CT; Fahey, TJ; Likens, GE; Groffman, PM; Bernhardt, ES; Buso, DC | 2,003 | Despite the widely recognized importance of disturbance in accelerating the loss of elements from land, there have been few empirical studies of the effects of natural disturbances on nitrogen (N) dynamics in forest ecosystems. We were provided the unusual opportunity for such study, partly because the intensively moni... | 0 |
53,767 | Sources of carbonaceous aerosols over the United States and implications for natural visibility | Park, RJ; Jacob, DJ; Chin, M; Martin, RV | 2,003 | We use a global three-dimensional model (GEOS-CHEM) to better quantify the sources of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) aerosols in the United States through simulation of year-round observations for 1998 at a network of 45 sites (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE)). Simulatio... | 0 |
53,544 | Sensitivity analysis of common statistical models used to study the short-term effects of air pollution on health | Tobias, A; Saez, M; Galen, I; Campbell, MJ | 2,003 | The relationship between photochemical air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide and ozone) and emergency room admissions for asthma in Madrid (Spain) for the period 1995u1998 was analysed using the statistical models commonly used to studying the short-term effects of air pollution on health: linear and Cochrane-Orcutt regress... | 0 |
151,160 | Assessment of the ozone sensitivity of 22 native plant species from Mediterranean annual pastures based on visible injury | Bermejo, V; Gimeno, BS; Sanz, J; De La Torre, D; Gil, JM | 2,003 | Ozone (O-3) phytototoxicity has been reported on a wide
range of plant species, inducing the appearance of specific foliar injury or increasing leaf
senescence. No information regarding the sensitivity of plant species from dehesa Mediterranean
grasslands has been provided in spite of their great biological diver... | 0 |
42,763 | Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 levels are associated with changes in serum leptin concentrations following ozone-induced airway inflammation | Johnson, RA; Schwartzman, IN; Shore, SA | 2,003 | null | 0 |
43,741 | Air pollution and the elderly: oxidant/antioxidant issues worth consideration | Kelly, FJ; Dunster, C; Mudway, I | 2,003 | The elderly are frequently classified as being particularly susceptible to air pollution. The basis of this increased sensitivity is not known but it is likely that it is linked to age-related impaired function of the lung. However, given this uncertainty and increased impact of air pollution of this section of the com... | 0 |
57,228 | Dermatological perspectives of malignant melanoma | Swetter, SM | 2,003 | Early recognition and treatment of thin cutaneous melanoma have contributed to a decreased case-fatality rate over the past 60 years. The only known preventive measure for melanoma is sun protection in childhood, which directly affects the number of melanocytic nevi developing as an adult. Additional melanoma risk fact... | 0 |
41,871 | Regional assessment of ozone sensitive tree species using bioindicator plants | Coulston, JW; Smith, GC; Smith, WD | 2,003 | Tropospheric ozone occurs at phytotoxic levels in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. Quantifying possible regional-scale impacts of ambient ozone on forest tree species is difficult and is confounded by other factors, such as moisture and light, which influence the uptake of ozone by plants... | 1 |
47,509 | Sesquiterpene ozonolysis: origin of atmospheric new particle formation from biogenic hydrocarbons | Bonn, B; Moortgat, GK | 2,003 | Atmospheric new aerosol particle formation observed in remote areas (e.g., in Finland, Portugal and in the U.S.). is generally attributed to low-volatile oxidation products of monoterpenes (C10H16), which are emitted by the vegetation. In this article we show that this atmospheric new particle formation is not caused b... | 0 |
57,166 | Integrated human and ecological risk assessment: a case study of ultraviolet radiation effects on amphibians, coral, humans, and oceanic primary productivity | Hansen, L; Hedtke, SF; Munns, WR, Jr | 2,003 | Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a naturally occurring stressor to most forms of life. The sole relevant source of this stressor is the sun. The Earth's stratospheric ozone layer reduces the amount of UVR that reaches the Earth's surface. The potential for continued depletion of this ozone layer and environmental changes... | 0 |
43,761 | Exposure to particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, and other air pollutants inside patrol cars | Riediker, M; Williams, R; Devlin, R; Griggs, T; Bromberg, P | 2,003 | People driving in a vehicle might receive an enhanced dose of mobile source pollutants that are considered a potential risk for cardiovascular diseases. The exposure to components of air pollution in highway patrol vehicles, at an ambient, and a roadside location was determined during 25 work shifts (3 p.m. to midnight... | 1 |
47,479 | Atmospheric input of mineral dust to the western North Pacific region based on direct measurements and a regional chemical transport model | Uematsu, M; Wang, Z; Uno, I | 2,003 | #The spatial and temporal variation of the mineral aerosol concentration and its total deposition flux over the western North Pacific region were analyzed with a regional chemical transport model (AQPMS) for the period March 1994 through May 1995. Dry deposition accounted for more than 60% of the total deposition of As... | 0 |
783,361 | Role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of human reproduction | Agarwal, A; Saleh, RA; Bedaiwy, MA | 2,003 | OBJECTIVE: To summarize the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathophysiology of human reproduction.
DESIGN: Review of literature.
SETTING: Fertility research center and obstetrics and gynecology department in a tertiary care facility.
RESULT(S): ROS plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of many rep... | 1 |
53,068 | Physiological responses of birch (Betula pendula) to ozone: a comparison between open-soil-grown trees exposed for six growing seasons and potted seedlings exposed for one season | Oksanen, E | 2,003 | Physiological responses of 4-year-old potted saplings of an O3-tolerant clone of Betula pendula Roth to short- term ozone (O3) exposure (one growing season) were compared with those of 6-year-old open-soil-grown trees of the same clone fumigated with O3 for six growing seasons. In the 2001 growing season, both groups o... | 0 |
50,547 | Cardiac and thermoregulatory responses to inhaled pollutants in healthy and compromised rodents: Modulation via interaction with environmental factors | Watkinson, WP; Campen, MJ; Wichers, LB; Nolan, JP; Costa, DL | 2,003 | #Rodents often demonstrate a profound depression in physiological function following acute exposure to toxic xenobiotic agents. This effect, termed the hypothermic response, is primarily characterized by significant decreases in core temperature and heart rate and is generally accompanied by similar deficits in other i... | 1 |
55,617 | Single-cell gel electrophoresis assay of nasal epithelium and leukocytes from asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects in Mexico City | Fortoul, TI; Valverde, M; Lopez, MDC; Bizarro, P; Lopez, I; Sanchez, I; Colin-Barenque, L; Avila-Costa, MR; Rojas, E; Ostrosky-Shejet, P | 2,003 | The prevalence of asthma--a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease--is increasing worldwide. One hypothesis suggests that this trend is related to enhanced exposure to air pollutants. Chronic inflammation generates oxidative stress, and cells involved in an allergic reaction are capable of producing reactive oxygen s... | 0 |
42,817 | Ambient pollution and reduced heart rate variability | Gold, DR; Schwartz, J; Litonjua, A; Verrier, R; Zanobetti, A | 2,003 | Health Effects Institute. We investigated associations between ambient pollution levels and heart rate variability (HRV*) in a repeated measures study of elderly Boston residents and published our study results in Circulation1. The study protocol involved 25 minutes per week of continuous Holter electrocardiogram (E... | 0 |
57,272 | Calibration of GOES water vapor spatial gradients with tropopause folding events | Wimmers, AJ; Moody, JL | 2,003 | This work examines tropopause folding events and their detection in GOES water vapor channel imagery. An extensive dataset of in-flight ozone lidar from the Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) provides a number of tropopause fold observations from the period of February to May, 2000. Previous... | 0 |
56,360 | Ethylene insensitivity modulates ozone-induced cell death in birch | Vahala, J; Ruonala, R; Keinanen, M; Tuominen, H; Kangasjarvi, J | 2,003 | We have used genotypic variation in birch (Betula pendula Roth) to investigate the roles of ozone (O3)-induced ethylene (ET), jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid in the regulation of tissue tolerance to O3. Of these hormones, ET evolution correlated best with O3-induced cell death. Disruption of ET perception by transfo... | 0 |
52,951 | Ozone injury on cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata) and crown-beard (Verbesina occidentalis) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park | Chappelka, AH; Neufeld, HS; Davison, AW; Somers, GL; Renfro, JR | 2,003 | Incidence and severity of visible foliar ozone injury on cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L.) and crown-beard (Verbesina occidentalis Walt.) were determined along selected trails at three locations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park during the summers of 2000 and 2001: Clingmans Dome, Cherokee Orchard Road a... | 1 |
49,203 | Ozone air pollution in the Sierra Nevada: Distribution and effects on forests | null | 2,003 | null | 0 |
49,051 | Ozone air pollution and foliar injury development on native plants of Switzerland | Novak, K; Skelly, JM; Schaub, M; Krauchi, N; Hug, C; Landolt, W; Bleuler, P | 2,003 | The objectives of this study were to examine the foliar sensitivity to ozone exposure of 12 tree, shrub, and herbaceous species native to southern Switzerland and determine the seasonal cumulative ozone exposures required to induce visible foliar injury. The study was conducted from the beginning of May through the end... | 0 |
49,201 | Climate, traffic-related air pollutants and allergic rhinitis prevalence in middle-school children in Taiwan | Lee, YL; Shaw, CK; Su, HJ; Lai, JS; Ko, YC; Huang, SL; Sung, FC; Guo, YL | 2,003 | ABSTRACT: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis, a common respiratory disorder, may be rapidly increasing. Epidemiological studies, however, indicate little about its association with climatic factors and air pollution. The relationship between traffic- related air pollutants and allergic rhinitis in middle-school studen... | 0 |
43,765 | Ozone exposure enhances endotoxin-induced mucous cell metaplasia in rat pulmonary airways | Wagner, JG; Van Dyken, SJ; Wierenga, JR; Hotchkiss, JA; Harkema, JR | 2,003 | Coexposure to different airborne pollutants can be more toxic to airway epithelium than an inhalation exposure to a single pollutant. We have previously reported that coexposure to ozone, the primary oxidant gas in photochemical smog, and unique inflammatory biogenic substances such as allergens or bacterial endotoxin,... | 0 |
52,182 | Direct evidence for chlorine-enhanced urban ozone formation in Houston, Texas | Tanaka, PL; Riemer, DD; Chang, S; Yarwood, G; Mcdonald-Buller, EC; Apel, EC; Orlando, JJ; Silva, PJ; Jimenez, JL; Canagaratna, MR; Neece, JD; Mullins, CB; Allen, DT | 2,003 | Urban air pollution is characterized by high ozone levels, formed when volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are oxidized in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx). VOC and NOx emissions controls have traditionally been implemented to reduce urban ozone formation, however, a separate chemical species implicated in ozone for... | 0 |
41,959 | Key clinical activities for quality asthma care: recommendations of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program | null | 2,003 | In 1997, the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP), coordinated by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, published the second Expert Panel Report (EPR-2): Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Asthma Education and Preventio... | 0 |
49,080 | Response of native plants of northeastern United States and southern Spain to ozone exposures; determining exposure/response relationships | Orendovici, T; Skelly, JM; Ferdinand, JA; Savage, JE; Sanz, MJ; Smith, GC | 2,003 | #Tropospheric ozone has been identified as the most important regional scale air pollutant across much of eastern United States of America and many areas of Mediterranean climes in southern Europe. Recent field surveys in the northeastern USA and in southeastern Spain have revealed many additional plant species that ex... | 1 |
49,122 | Native plants as bioindicators of air pollutants: contributed papers to a symposium held in conjunction with the 34th air pollution workshop | Skelly, JM | 2,003 | null | 0 |
53,069 | Responses of selected birch (Betula pendula Roth) clones to ozone change over time | Oksanen, E | 2,003 | A long-term free air ozone fumigation experiment was con- ducted to study changes in physiological ozone responses during tree ontogeny and exposure time in ozone sensitive and tolerant clones of European white birch (Betula pen-. dula Roth), originated from south and central Finland. The trees were grown in soil in na... | 1 |
80,063 | Melanocytic nevi, solar keratoses, and divergent pathways to cutaneous melanoma | Whiteman, DC; Watt, P; Purdie, DM; Hughes, MC; Hayward, NK; Green, AC | 2,003 | BACKGROUND: Some melanomas form on sun-exposed body sites, whereas others do not. We previously proposed that melanomas at different body sites arise through different pathways that have different associations with melanocytic nevi and solar keratoses. We tested this hypothesis in a case-case comparative study of melan... | 0 |
95,640 | Differential effects of elevated ozone on two hybrid aspen genotypes predisposed to chronic ozone fumigation Role of ethylene and salicylic acid | Vahala, J; Keinanen, M; Schutzendubel, A; Polle, A; Kangasjarvi, J | 2,003 | The role of ethylene (ET) signaling in the responses of two hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. I P. tremuloides Michx.) clones to chronic ozone (O3; 75 nL L1) was investigated. The hormonal responses differed between the clones; the O3-sensitive clone 51 had higher ET evolution than the tolerant clone 200 during the expo... | 0 |
187,219 | Effects of high nitrogen load and ozone on forest tree species | Izuta, T; Nakaji, T | 2,003 | Increases in nitrogen (N) deposition from the atmosphere and tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration are considered to be environmental stresses affecting forest ecosystems. In this paper, we summarized the background of the studies on the effects ofN load and O3 on forest tree species, and introduced two experimental st... | 0 |
50,537 | Environmental factors associated with asthma | Walker, B, Jr; Stokes, LD; Warren, R | 2,003 | SUMMARY Asthma, a disease of attacks and remission, continues to account for substantial morbidity and direct economic costs. Numerous studies-epidemiologic, toxicologic and clinical-present evidence for a broad spectrum of environmental risk factors associated with asthma. This review summarizes current thinking ... | 0 |
52,999 | Impact of ozone on the growth of birch (Betula pendula) saplings | Karlsson, PE; Uddling, J; Skarby, L; Wallin, G; Sellden, G | 2,003 | Saplings of one half-sib family of birch, Betula pendula, were exposed to three levels of ozone in open-top chambers (OTCs) during two growing seasons 1997-1998. The ozone treatments were non-filtered air (NF, accumulated daylight AOT40 over the two growing seasons of 3.0 A11-1 h), non-filtered air with extra ozone (NF... | 0 |
90,367 | Detection of bromine monoxide in a volcanic plume | Bobrowski, N; Honninger, G; Galle, B; Platt, U | 2,003 | The emission of volcanic gases usually precedes eruptive activity, providing both a warning signal and an indication of the nature of the lava soon to be erupted. Additionally, volcanic emissions are a significant source of gases and particles to the atmosphere, influencing tropospheric and stratospheric trace-gas budg... | 0 |
699,972 | Task 4: Analysis of survey data on ozone alert days, final report | Mansfield, CA; Corey, C | 2,003 | null | 0 |
51,687 | Ozone-induced bronchial epithelial cytokine expression differs between healthy and asthmatic subjects | Bosson, J; Stenfors, N; Bucht, A; Helleday, R; Pourazar, J; Holgate, ST; Kelly, FJ; Sandstrom, T; Wilson, S; Frew, AJ; Blomberg, A | 2,003 | Background Ozone (O3) is a common air pollutant associated with adverse health effects. Asthmatics have been suggested to be a particularly sensitive group. Objective This study evaluated whether bronchial epithelial cytokine expression would differ between healthy and allergic asthmatics after ozone exposure, represen... | 1 |
50,463 | Toxic rhinitis-induced changes of human nasal mucosa innervation | Groneberg, DA; Heppt, W; Cryer, A; Wussow, A; Peiser, C; Zweng, M; Dinh, QT; Witt, C; Fischer, A | 2,003 | Irritative toxic rhinitis is a nasal disorder induced by chemical compounds like ozone, formaldehyde, nickel, chrome, solvents and tobacco smoke. These noxious stimuli may have effects on the nasal innervation leading to a cascade of neuro-immune interactions and an augmentation of the symptoms. Here we examined change... | 0 |
52,233 | Tropopause folds and cross-tropopause exchange: a global investigation based upon ECMWF analyses for the time period March 2000 to February 2001 | Sprenger, M; Maspoli, MC; Wernli, H | 2,003 | A new methodology is proposed to identify folds of the dynamical tropopause (taken as the 2 potential vorticity (PV) units (pvu) isosurface) from global analysis data sets from theEuropean Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). It consists of a three-dimensional subdivision of the atmosphere into stratosphe... | 0 |
87,652 | Nutrient status of tropical rain forests influences soil N dynamics after N additions | Hall, SJ; Matson, PA | 2,003 | Soil nitrogen (N) transformations and N-oxide emissions were measured following N additions in three tropical montane rain forests in the Hawaiian Islands that differed in substrate age and nutrient status. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions were negligible following first-time N additions in a forest ... | 0 |
50,595 | Induction of stress proteins and MMP-9 by 08 ppm of ozone in murine skin | Valacchi, G; Pagnin, E; Okamoto, T; Corbacho, AM; Olano, E; Davis, PA; Van der Vliet, A; Packer, L; Cross, CE | 2,003 | #Ozone (O3) is among the most reactive environmental oxidant pollutants to which cutaneous tissues are exposed. O3 exposure has been shown to induce antioxidant depletion as well as the oxidation of lipids and proteins within the outermost skin layer, the stratum corneum. However, relatively little is known regarding t... | 0 |
43,744 | Exercising animal models in inhalation toxicology: Interactions with ozone and formaldehyde | Mautz, WJ | 2,003 | Exercise during exposure to inhaled toxicants increases inhaled dose rate and alters dose distribution within the respiratory tract, and exercise has long been recognized as a critical exposure variable. While modern inhalation exposure studies with human subjects routinely use an exercise protocol, most investigations... | 0 |
52,230 | Vertical distribution of ozone at four sites in the United States | Newchurch, MJ; Ayoub, MA; Oltmans, S; Johnson, B; Schmidlin, FJ | 2,003 | We report ozonesonde observations from the following four locations across the United States: Trinidad Head, California; Boulder, Colorado; Huntsville, Alabama; and Wallops Island, Virginia. These ozone profiles clearly indicate evidence of stratosphere-troposphere exchange, boundary layer pollution, and strong seasona... | 0 |
89,434 | Ultraviolet light and leaf emission of NOx | Hari, P; Raivonen, M; Vesala, T; Munger, JW; Pilegaard, K; Kulmala, M | 2,003 | Nitrogen oxides are trace gases that critically affect atmospheric chemistry and aerosol formation1. Vegetation is usually regarded as a sink for these gases, although nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide have been detected as natural emissions from plants2, 3. Here we use in situ measurements to show that solar ultraviol... | 0 |
43,739 | Air pollution and mortality in the Netherlands: are the elderly more at risk? | Fischer, P; Hoek, G; Brunekreef, B; Verhoeff, A; van Wijnen, J | 2,003 | The association between daily mortality and short-term variations in the ambient levels of ozone (O3), black smoke (BS), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter was studied in The Netherlands. Daily total and cause-specific mortality counts (cardiovascular, chronic obs... | 0 |
43,783 | Susceptibility to oxidative stress: proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage from ozone-sensitive and ozone-resistant strains of mice | Wattiez, R; Noel-Georis, I; Cruyt, C; Broeckaert, F; Bernard, A; Falmagne, P | 2,003 | Previous studies have shown that the pulmonary response to ozone (O(3)) varies greatly among strains of mice, but the factor(s) and the mechanism(s) that are responsible for this differential susceptibility have not yet been clearly identified. The present study explores the molecular bases for this differential O(3) s... | 1 |
52,998 | Decomposition of secondary compounds from needle litter of Scots pine grown under elevated CO2 and O3 | Kainulainen, P; Holopainen, T; Holopainen, JK | 2,003 | Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) concentrations have both been shown to affect plant tissue quality, which in turn could affect litter decomposition and carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. In order to evaluate effects of climate change on litter chemistry, needle litter was collected from Scots pin... | 0 |
57,257 | N2O5 hydrolysis on sub-micron organic aerosol: The effect of relative humidity, particle phase, and particle size | Thornton, JA; Braban, CF; Abbatt, JPD | 2,003 | Measurements of the reactive uptake coefficient for N2O5 hydrolysis, "gamma" m, on sub-micron organic aerosols were performed in an entrained aerosol flow tube as a function of relative humidity (RH), aerosol phase, N2O5 partial pressure, and mean aerosol size. Aerosol phase and relative humidity were determined simult... | 0 |
42,304 | Air quality data from large cities | Baldasano, JM; Valera, E; Jimenez, P | 2,003 | This paper presents an assessment of the air quality for the principal cities in developed and developing countries. Part of the vast and widely dispersed information on air quality that is available at this time on the Internet was compiled, thus making possible a comprehensive evaluation of the tendencies that emerge... | 0 |
47,693 | Stratosphere-troposphere exchange: a model and method evaluation | Cristofanelli, P; Bonasoni, P; Collins, W; Feichter, J; Forster, C; James, P; Kentarchos, A; Kubik, PW; Land, C; Meloen, J; Roelofs, GJ; Siegmund, P; Sprenger, M; Schnabel, C; Stohl, A; Tobler, L; Tositti, L; Trickl, T; Zanis, P | 2,003 | European Commission. During the EU-project Influence of Stratosphere-Troposphere exchange in a Changing Climate on Atmospheric Transport and Oxidation Capacity (STACCATO), a combined approach of a measurement network and numerical simulations was used to estimate the strength and frequency of stratosphere-to-tropospher... | 0 |
55,351 | Modeling coupled interactions of carbon, water, and ozone exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere I Model description | Nikolov, N; Zeller, K | 2,003 | #A new biophysical model (FORFLUX) is presented to study the simultaneous exchange of ozone, carbon dioxide, and water vapor between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. The model mechanistically couples all major processes controlling ecosystem flows trace gases and water implementing recent concepts in plant ec... | 0 |
89,213 | Gas/particle distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coupled outdoor/indoor atmospheres | Naumova, YY; Offenberg, JH; Eisenreich, SJ; Meng, QY; Polidori, A; Turpin, BJ; Weisel, CP; Morandi, MT; Colome, SD; Stock, TH; Winer, AM; Alimokhtari, S; Kwon, J; Maberti, S; Shendell, D; Jones, J; Farrar, C | 2,003 | #Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PM2.5, and organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) were measured in 48 h integrated samples collected in the indoor and outdoor air in Los Angeles, CA, Houston, TX, and Elizabeth, NJ from July 1999 to June 2000. The objective of the study was to evaluate the ... | 0 |
43,673 | Intensive monitoring of forest ecosystems in Europe: 2: atmospheric deposition and its impacts on soil solution chemistry | De Vries, W; Reinds, GJ; Vel, E | 2,003 | In order to gain a better understanding of the effects of air pollution and other stress factors on forests, a Pan-European programme for intensive and continuous monitoring of forest ecosystems has been implemented in 1994. Results of this intensive monitoring programme presented in this paper are related to the surve... | 0 |
47,359 | Size exclusion chromatography of particulate produced in fuel-rich combustion of different fuels | Apicella, B; Ciajolo, A; Barbella, R; Tregrossi, A; Morgan, TJ; Herod, AA; Kandiyoti, R | 2,003 | Carbonaceous particulates formed in the combustion of gaseous and liquid fuels were collected from a premixed laminar flame and a spray flame operating under fuel-rich combustion conditions. Particulate collected in the flame was extracted with dichloromethane (DCM) to separate condensed species (CS) soluble in DCM fro... | 0 |
47,787 | Physiological and foliar injury responses of Prunus serotina, Fraxinus americana, and Acer rubrum seedlings to varying soil moisture and ozone | Schaub, M; Skelly, JM; Steiner, KC; Davis, DD; Pennypacker, SP; Zhang, J; Ferdinand, JA; Savage, JE; Stevenson, RE | 2,003 | #Sixteen black cherry (Prunus serotina, Ehrh.), 10 white ash (Fraxinus americana, L.) and 10 red maple (Acer rubrum, L.) 1-year old seedlings were planted per plot in 1997 on a former nursery bed within 12 open-top chambers and six open plots. Seedlings were exposed to three different ozone scenarios (ambient air: 100%... | 0 |
57,302 | Responses to ozone are increased in obese mice | Shore, SA; Rivera-Sanchez, YM; Schwartzman, IN; Johnston, RA | 2,003 | Epidemiological data indicate an increased incidence of asthma in overweight adults and children. Ozone (O3) is a common trigger for asthma. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to compare O3-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in lean, wild-type (C57BL/6J) mice and mice that are obese as a... | 0 |
94,115 | Global inventory of nitrogen oxide emissions constrained by space-based observations of NO2 columns | Martin, RV; Jacob, DJ; Chance, KV; Kurosu, TP; Palmer, PI; Evans, MJ | 2,003 | We use tropospheric NO2 columns from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite instrument to derive top-down constraints on emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx= NO + NO2), and combine these with a priori information from a bottom-up emission inventory (with error weighting) to achieve an optimized a poster... | 0 |
52,100 | The effects of air pollution on acute respiratory conditions | Masjedi, MR; Jamaati, HR; Dokouhaki, P; Ahmadzadeh, Z; Taheri, SA; Bigdeli, M; Izadi, S; Rostamian, A; Aagin, K; Ghavam, SM | 2,003 | OBJECTIVE: Air pollution and its potential health effects are very important worldwide. It is particularly problematic in densely populated cities of developing countries that suffer from a lack of both short- and long-term programmes for air pollution control. We decided to study the short-term effects of air pollutio... | 0 |
57,271 | Laboratory studies of ozone uptake on processed mineral dust | Usher, CR; Michel, AE; Stec, D; Grassian, VH | 2,003 | After atmospheric aging and processing, mineral dust particles are often coated with nitrates, sulfates, and organics. In this study, laboratory experiments were done to simulate possible changes in the reactivity of mineral dust particles after being processed or aged in the atmosphere. Initial uptake coefficients of ... | 0 |
53,678 | Fuels for urban transit buses: a cost-effectiveness analysis | Cohen, JT; Hammitt, JK; Levy, JI | 2,003 | Public transit agencies have begun to adopt alternative propulsion technologies to reduce urban transit bus emissions associated with conventional diesel (CD) engines. Among the most popular alternatives are emission controlled diesel buses (ECD), defined here to be buses with continuously regenerating diesel particle ... | 0 |
43,650 | 2001 national hospital discharge survey | Hall, MJ; DeFrances, CJ | 2,003 | N/A. | 0 |
625,802 | Cysteinyl leukotrienes and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate of children with asthma exacerbations | Baraldi, E; Carraro, S; Alinovi, R; Pesci, A; Ghiro, L; Bodini, A; Piacentini, G; Zacchello, F; Zanconato, S | 2,003 | Background: Cysteinyl leukotrienes (Cys-LTs) and isoprostanes are inflammatory metabolites derived from arachidonic acid whose levels are increased in the airways of asthmatic patients. Isoprostanes are relatively stable and specific for lipid peroxidation, which makes them potentially reliable biomarkers for oxidative... | 0 |
42,678 | Role of soil freezing events in interannual patterns of stream chemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire | Fitzhugh, RD; Likens, GE; Driscoll, CT; Mitchell, MJ; Groffman, PM; Fahey, TJ; Hardy, JP | 2,003 | Soil freezing is a disturbance of the below ground environment, potentially resulting in increased losses of NO3 - and surface water acidification. Here, we report the effects of soil freezing on interannual variation in stream chemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Data from 1970 to 1997 of... | 0 |
48,249 | Mapping isoprene emissions over North America using formaldehyde column observations from space | Palmer, PI; Jacob, DJ; Fiore, AM; Martin, RV; Chance, K; Kuruso, TP | 2,003 | We present a methodology for deriving emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) using space-based column observations of formaldehyde (HCHO) and apply it to data from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite instrument over North America during July 1996. The HCHO column is related to local VOC emiss... | 0 |
43,740 | Ozone-induced disruptions of lung transcriptomes | Gohil, K; Cross, CE; Last, JA | 2,003 | We have analyzed changes in approximately 4000 lung mRNAs, with GeneChips, in mice exposed to 1ppm O(3) for three consecutive nights (8h per night). Differential gene expression analysis identified approximately 260 O(3) sensitive genes; approximately 80% of these were repressed and approximately 20% were induced in O(... | 0 |
46,355 | Ozone decomposition on Saharan dust: an experimental investigation | Hanisch, F; Crowley, JN | 2,003 | The heterogeneous reaction between O3 and authentic Saharan dust surfaces was investigated in a Knudsen reactor at approx 296 K. O3 was destroyed on the dust surface and O2 was formed with conversion efficiencies of 1.0 and 1.3 molecules O2 per O3 molecule destroyed for unheated and heated samples, respectively. No O3 ... | 0 |
57,067 | Mechanisms involved in ultraviolet light-induced immunosuppression | Aubin, F | 2,003 | Ultraviolet radiation (UV) represents one of the most important environmental factors affecting human health, especially with regard to its hazardous effects on the generation of skin cancer, suppression of the immune system and premature skin aging. At molecular level, various chromophores have been identified, and DN... | 0 |
57,192 | Solar erythemal irradiance and ozone profile at Buenos Aires and inside and outside the ozone hole at Marambio Argentine Antarctic Base | Micheletti, MI; Cede, A; Piacentini, RD; Wolfram, E; Pazmino, A; Quel, E; Godin, S; Megie, G | 2,003 | null | 0 |
42,752 | Ozone exposure among Mexico City outdoor workers | O'Neill, MS; Ramirez-Aguilar, M; Meneses-Gonzalez, F; Hernandez-Avila, M; Geyh, AS; Sienra-Monge, JJ; Romieu, I | 2,003 | In researching health effects of air pollution, pollutant levels from fixed-site monitors are commonly assigned to the subjects. However, these concentrations may not reflect the exposure these individuals actually experience. A previous study of ozone (O3) exposure and lung function among shoe-cleaners working in cent... | 1 |
103,823 | The ozone formation potential of 1-bromo-propane | Whitten, GZ; Cohen, JP; Myers, TC; Carter, WPL | 2,003 | 1-Bromo-propane (1-BP) is a replacement for high-end chlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) solvents. Its reaction rate constant with the OH radical is, on a weight basis, significantly less than that of ethane. However, the overall smog formation chemistry of 1-BP appears to be very unusual compared with typical volatile organic c... | 0 |
87,926 | Ambient air pollution and health | Katsouyanni, K | 2,003 | The adverse health effects of air pollution became widely acknowledged after severe pollution episodes occurred in Europe and North America before the 1960s. In these areas, pollutant levels have decreased. During the last 15 years, however, consistent results, mainly from epidemiological studies, have provided evidenc... | 0 |
39,428 | Annotated bibliography of recent studies of the health effects of ozone air pollution 1997-2002 | null | 2,003 | In the last year, hundreds of scientific papers on the health effects of air pollution have been published reporting on effects ranging from respiratory symptoms to premature mortality. The studies extend our understanding of the short- and long-term effects of exposure to common air pollutants, provide new information... | 0 |
55,619 | Two more reports link air pollution and asthma and an editorial view | null | 2,003 | null | 0 |
40,345 | Ozone uptake modelling and flux-response relationships--an assessment of ozone-induced yield loss in spring wheat | Danielsson, H; Karlsson, GP; Karlsson, PE; Pleijel, J | 2,003 | Measurements of stomatal conductance on field grown spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from two experiments conducted in southwest Sweden were combined to validate and adjust the Jarvis type of multiplicative stomatal conductance model presented by Emberson et al. (Environ. Pollut. 109 (2000) 403). The adjusted model ... | 0 |
56,908 | Meta-analysis of time-series studies of air pollution and mortality: Update in relation to the use of generalized additive models | Stieb, DM; Judek, S; Burnett, RT | 2,003 | null | 0 |
195,354 | Effects of climate change and UV-B on materials | Andrady, AL; Hamid, HS; Torikai, A | 2,003 | The outdoor service life of common plastic materials is limited by their susceptibility to solar ultraviolet radiation. Of the solar wavelengths the UV-B component is particularly efficient in bringing about photodamage in synthetic and naturally occurring materials. This is particularly true of plastics, rubber and wo... | 0 |
50,086 | The impact of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide on young Acer saccharum seedlings | Gaucher, C; Costanzo, N; Afif, D; Mauffette, Y; Chevrier, N; Dizengremel, P | 2,003 | The effects of high O3 (200 nl 1-1 during the light period) and high CO2 (650 l-1CO2, 24 h a day) alone and in combination were studied on 45-day-old sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings for 61 days in growth chambers. After 2 months of treatment under the environmental conditions of the experiment, sugar ma... | 0 |
50,583 | Oxidative stress and potential free radical damage associated with photocopying A role for ozone? | Zhou, JF; Cai, D; Tong, GZ | 2,003 | Objective: To study the relationship between oxidative stress and potential free radical damage associated with photocopying and to explore a role for ozone emitted during the photocopying process. Methods: 80 photocopying operators (PO) and 80 healthy volunteers (HV) were enrolled in a random control study design, in... | 0 |
57,768 | Mice with genetically determined high susceptibility to ultraviolet (UV)-induced immunosuppression show enhanced UV carcinogenesis | Noonan, FP; Muller, HK; Fears, TR; Kusewitt, DF; Johnson, TM; De Fabo, EC | 2,003 | To assess the premise that genetically determined differences in susceptibility to UV-induced immunosuppression are reflected in UV carcinogenesis, we investigated UV skin cancer induction in two strains of reciprocal F1 hybrid mice CB6F1 males with high susceptibility to UV immunosuppression and a BALB/c X-chromosome ... | 0 |
47,247 | Products of the gas-phase reaction of O3 with cyclohexene | Aschmann, SM; Tuazon, EC; Arey, J; Atkinson, R | 2,003 | Products of the gas-phase reactions of 03 with cyclohexene and cyclohexene-d(10) were investigated in the presence of OH radical scavengers by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and in situ atmospheric press... | 0 |
57,606 | Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2002 | null | 2,003 | null | 0 |
56,893 | Comparison of the 1-Hr and 8-Hr National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone using Models-3 | Bell, M; Ellis, H | 2,003 | In 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency revised the National Ambient Air Quality Standard governing ozone (O3), adding an 8-hr standard of 0.08 ppm and phasing out the 1-hr requirement of 0.12 ppm. The 8-hr standard is intended to provide greater protection for human health. This research examines spatial and... | 0 |
88,408 | The southeastern aerorsol research and characterization study: Part I - overview | Hansen, DA; Edgerton, ES; Hartsell, BE; Jansen, JJ; Kandasamy, N; Hidy, GM; Blanchard, CL | 2,003 | This paper presents an overview of a major, long-term program for tropospheric gas and aerosol research in the southeastern United States. Building on three existing ozone (O3)-focused research sites begun in mid-1992, the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization Study (SEARCH) was initiated in mid-1998 as a ... | 0 |
57,447 | Clara cell protein as a biomarker for ozone-induced lung injury in humans | Blomberg, A; Mudway, I; Svensson, M; Hagenbjork-Gustafsson, A; Thomasson, L; Helleday, R; Dumont, X; Forsberg, B; Nordberg, G; Bernard, A | 2,003 | Exposure to ozone (O3) impairs lung function, induces airway inflammation and alters epithelial permeability. Whilst impaired lung function and neutrophilia have been observed at relatively low concentrations, altered lung epithelial permeability is only seen after high-dose challenges. The appearance of Clara cell pro... | 0 |
74,312 | Effects of particulate matter on daily mortality in 13 Japanese cities | Omori, T; Fujimoto, G; Yoshimura, I; Nitta, H; Ono, M | 2,003 | BACKGROUND: In recent years, numerous reports demonstrating the relationship between an increase in the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and daily mortality have been released in the United States and Europe. There have been few studies that clearly characterize the short-term effects of particulate mat... | 0 |
80,390 | Measurements of peroxides and what they tell us | Reeves, CE; Penkett, SA | 2,003 | #Part of a special issue on atmospheric chemistry. An assessment of the nature and extent of global tropospheric gas-phase chemistry as elucidated by atmospheric measurements of peroxides is presented. The topics covered are photochemical theory, measurement of peroxides in the atmosphere, an atmospheric peroxide measu... | 0 |
42,792 | Response of a deciduous forest to the Mount Pinatubo eruption: enhanced photosynthesis | Gu, L; Baldocchi, DD; Wofsy, SC; Munger, J | 2,003 | Volcanic aerosols from the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption greatly increased diffuse radiation worldwide for the following 2 years. We estimated that this increase in diffuse radiation alone enhanced noontime photosynthesis of a deciduous forest by 23% in 1992 and 8% in 1993 under cloudless conditions. This .nding indicat... | 0 |
53,458 | Latest findings on national air quality: 2002 status and trends | null | 2,003 | This summary report highlights the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's most recent evaluation of status and trends in our nation's air quality. Overall, national air quality levels measured at thousands of monitoring stations across the country have shown improvement over the past 20 years for all six principal poll... | 0 |
57,779 | The asthma and allergic rhinitis link | Nayak, AS | 2,003 | During the past 10 years, our understanding of asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) has evolved. The historic perspective of these allergen-induced disorders as distinct and separate entities is being displaced by current thinking that they are described better as a continuum of inflammation involving one common airway. T... | 0 |
53,532 | Antioxidative enzymes in human nasal mucosa after exposure to ozone Possible role of GSTM1 deficiency | Otto-Knapp, R; Jurgovsky, K; Schierhorn, K; Kunkel, G | 2,003 | OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Epithelial antioxidative enzymes (AOEs) are thought to be a first line of defense against reactive oxygen species as they are upregulated after exposure to ozone according to animal studies. We analysed the activities of the AOEs catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase ... | 0 |
57,160 | The influence of cloudiness on UV global irradiance (295-385 nm) | Foyo-Moreno, I; Alados, I; Olma, FJ; Alados-Arboledas, L | 2,003 | Two years of continuous measurements of UV (295-385 nm) irradiance recorded at Granada (37.18 degree N, 3.58 degree W, 660 m a.m.s.l.), Spain, were combined with concurrent synoptic cloud observations to establish the relative influence of clouds on UV irradiance. A marked influence of cloud cover on UV irradiance is e... | 0 |
786,079 | The GEOS-CHEM chemical mechanism: Version 5-07-8 | Evans, M; Fiore, A; Jacob, DJ | 2,003 | null | 0 |
53,535 | Toxicity of chemical components of fine particles inhaled by aged rats: effects of concentration | Kleinman, MT; Hyde, DM; Bufalino, C; Basbaum, C; Bhalla, DK; Mautz, WJ | 2,003 | This study tested the hypothesis that exposure to mixtures containing fine particles and ozone (O3) would cause pulmonary injury and decrements in functions of immunological cells in exposed rats (22-24 months old) in a dose-dependent manner. Rats were exposed to high and low concentrations of ammonium bisulfate and el... | 0 |
92,484 | Significance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the ocean | Ward, BB | 2,003 | A missing link in the nitrogen cycle has recently been found: bacteria capable of oxidizing ammonium to nitrogen gas (N2). This new source of N2 has now been detected in both the water column and the sediments in marine environments. This discovery is important because it necessitates re-evaluation of (1) major fluxes ... | 0 |
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