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13,133
Relation of pulmonary responses induced by 66-h exposures to 0.08 ppm ozone and 2-h exposures to 0.30 ppm ozone via chamber and face-mask inhalation
Adams, WC
2,003
American Petroleum Institute (00-0000-4127). While direct comparison of pulmonary responses to 6.6-h exposures to 0.08 to 0.12 ppm ozone (O(3)) have demonstrated that chamber and face-mask inhalation methods yield closely similar results, no comparative study of responses to 2-h intermittent exercise (IE) exposures to ...
1
52,098
Respiratory damage in children exposed to urban pollution
Calderon-Garcidue?as, L; Mora-Tiscareno, A; Fordham, LA; Valencia-Salazar, G; Chung, CJ; Rodriguez-Alcaraz, A; Paredes, R; Variakojis, D; Villarreal-Calderon, A; Flores-Camacho, L; Antunez-Solis, A; Henriquez-Roldan, C; Hazucha, MJ
2,003
Southwest Metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC) children are chronically exposed to complex mixtures of air pollutants. In a cross-sectional arm of our study, we investigated the association between exposure to SWMMC atmosphere and nasal abnormalities, hyperinflation, and interstitial markings assessed by chest X-rays, lung...
0
153,211
Fixed factors that modify the effects of time-varying factors: Applying the case-only approach
Armstrong, BG
2,003
BACKGROUND: The effects of air pollution or weather on mortality may be stronger in susceptible groups. Conventional investigation of such effect modification through interaction terms in time-series regression analysis depends on hard-to-verify modeling assumptions, and can be computationally unwieldy. As an alternati...
0
50,480
Relationship between air pollution and daily mortality in a tropical city: Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Tsai, SS; Huang, CH; Goggins, WB; Wu, TN; Yang, CY
2,003
Air pollution has been associated with daily mortality in numerous studies over the past decade. However, most of these studies were conducted in the United States and Europe, with relatively few done in Asia. In this study, the association between ambient air pollution and daily mortality in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, a large...
0
46,996
Urbanization effects on tree growth in the vicinity of New York City
Gregg, JW; Jones, CG; Dawson, TE
2,003
Plants in urban ecosystems are exposed to many pollutants and higher temperatures, CO2 and nitrogen deposition than plants in rural areas1u5. Although each factor has a detrimental or beneficial influence on plant growth6, the net effect of all factors and the key driving variables are unknown. We grew the same cottonw...
1
89,927
Review of air pollution and health impacts in Malaysia
Afroz, R; Hassan, MN; Ibrahim, NA
2,003
In the early days of abundant resources and minimal development pressures, little attention was paid to growing environmental concerns in Malaysia. The haze episodes in Southeast Asia in 1983, 1984, 1991, 1994, and 1997 imposed threats to the environmental management of Malaysia and increased awareness of the environme...
0
53,019
Assessing plant response to ambient ozone: growth of ozone-sensitive loblolly pine seedlings treated with ethylenediurea or sodium erythorbate
Manning, WJ; Flagler, RB; Frenkel, MA
2,003
One-year-old seedlings from an ozone-sensitive half-sib family of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were transplanted into replicated plots in blocks in a large forest clearing near Nacogdoches, Texas. Seedlings were either non-treated (controls) or treated bi-weekly with foliar sprays of ethylenediurea (EDU), at 150, 300...
0
53,202
The role of air pollution in the relationship between a heat stress index and human mortality in Toronto
Rainham, DGC; Smoyer-Tomic, KE
2,003
#In this study we considered confounding from air pollutants and chronological variables in the relation between humidex, a summer temperature and humidity index, and nonaccidental mortality, from 1980-1996 in Toronto, Canada. Changes in the risk of death by age group, gender, and combined cardiac-respiratory cause of ...
0
48,168
Distribution and reproducibility of spirometric response to ozone by gender and age
Hazucha, MJ; Folinsbee, LJ; Bromberg, PA
2,003
Subjects were healthy non-smoking men (n=146) and women (n=94) 18-60 yrs old. Initially, each subject was exposed for 1.5 hr to 0.42 ppm O3. Forty seven individuals were later re-exposed twice, one week to several months apart, to 0.4 ppm O3. Intermittent exercise utilized in all exposures was adjusted to produce an oz...
1
47,879
Fresh air in the 21st century?
Prather, M; Gauss, M; Berntsen, T; Isaksen, I; Sundet, J; Bey, I; Brasseur, G; Dentener, F; Derwent, R; Stevenson, D; Grenfell, L; Hauglustaine, D; Horowitz, L; Jacob, D; Mickley, L; Lawrence, M; Von Kuhlmann, R; Muller, JF; Pitari, G; Rogers, H; Johnson, M; Pyle, J; Law, K; Van Weele, M; Wild, O
2,003
Ozone is an air quality problem today for much of the world's population. Regions can exceed the ozone air quality standards (AQS) through a combination of local emissions, meteorology favoring pollution episodes, and the clean-air baseline levels of ozone upon which pollution builds. The IPCC 2001 assessment studied a...
0
48,167
Atypical development of the tracheal basement membrane zone of infant rhesus monkeys exposed to ozone and allergen
Evans, MJ; Fanucchi, MV; Baker, GL; Van Winkle, LS; Pantle, LM; Nishio, SJ; Schelegle, ES; Gershwhin, LJ; Miller, LA; Hyde, DM; Sannes, PL; Plopper, CG
2,003
Development of the basement membrane zone (BMZ) occurs postnatally in the rhesus monkey. The purpose of this study was to determine whether house dust mite allergen (HDMA) plus ozone altered this process. Rhesus monkeys were exposed to a regimen of HDMA and/or ozone or filtered air for 6 mo. To detect structural change...
1
47,780
Diurnal and weekday variations in the source contributions of ozone precursors in California's South Coast Air Basin
Fujita, EM; Campbell, DE; Zielinska, B; Sagebiel, JC; Bowen, JL; Goliff, WS; Stockwell, WR
2,003
For at least 30 years, ozone (O3) levels on weekends in parts of California's South Coast (Los Angeles) Air Basin (SoCAB) have been as high as or higher than on weekdays, even though ambient levels of O3 precursors are lower on weekends than on weekdays. A field study was conducted in the Los Angeles area during fall 2...
0
47,781
Modeling weekday/weekend ozone differences in the Los Angeles region for 1997
Yarwood, G; Stoeckenius, TE
2,003
Numerous studies of ambient ozone (O3) in the Los Angeles (LA) area have found both increases and decreases in elevated O3 levels on weekends, depending on location and year. Since the mid-1990s, average daily maximum O3 levels have been higher on weekends than on weekdays throughout most of the area. We used the Compr...
0
47,680
Day-of-week patterns of particulate matter and its chemical components at selected sites in California
Motallebi, N; Tran, H; Croes, BE; Larsen, LC
2,003
This paper analyzes day-of-week variations in concentrations of particulate matter (PM) in California. Because volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are not only precursors of ozone (O3) but also of secondary PM, it is useful to know whether the variations by day of week in these precursors are...
0
51,297
Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan
Howitz, KT; Bitterman, KJ; Cohen, HY; Lamming, DW; Lavu, S; Wood, JG; Zipkin, RE; Chung, P; Kisielewski, A; Zhang, LL; Scherer, B; Sinclair, DA
2,003
In diverse organisms, calorie restriction slows the pace of ageing and increases maximum lifespan. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, calorie restriction extends lifespan by increasing the activity of Sir2 (ref. 1), a member of the conserved sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases. Included in...
0
51,299
The effect of reformulated gasoline on ambient carbon monoxide concentrations in southeastern Wisconsin
Foley, TA; Rendahl, CS; Kenski, D
2,003
Reformulated gasoline (RFG) contains oxygen additives such as methyl tertiary butyl ether or ethanol. The additives enable vehicles to burn fuel with a higher air/fuel ratio, thereby lowering the emission of carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Because VOCs react with sunlight to form ozone (O3),...
0
53,178
Moderation of [CO2-induced gas exchange responses by elevated tropospheric O3 in trembling aspen and sugar maple
Sharma, P; Sober, A; Sober, J; Podila, GK; Kubiske, ME; Mattson, WJ; Isebrands, JG; Karnosky, DF
2,003
null
0
42,801
Replication of reanalysis of Harvard Six-City mortality study
Klemm, RJ; Mason, R
2,003
Health Effects Institute.
0
55,623
Traffic related air pollution and acute hospital admission for respiratory diseases in Drammen, Norway 1995-2000
Oftedal, B; Nafstad, P; Magnus, P; Bjorkly, S; Skrondal, A
2,003
#The aim of this study was to estimate the associations between seven ambient air pollutants [particulate matter (PM10), nitrous dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), benzene, formaldehyde and toluene] and acute hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in Drammen, Norway 1995-2000. Time-series analysis o...
0
44,183
A national ozone biomonitoring program: Results from field surveys of ozone sensitive plants in northeastern forests (1994-2000)
Smith, G; Coulston, J; Jepsen, E; Prichard, T
2,003
#Ozone biomonitoring is a detection and monitoring technique that involves documenting ozone-induced visible injury to known ozone-sensitive species under conditions of ambient exposure. The USDA Forest Service administers a long-term, nationwide ozone biomonitoring program to address public and scientific concerns abo...
1
625,252
Timing is everything: A reconsideration of fetal growth velocity patterns identifies the importance of individual and sex differences
Lampl, M; Jeanty, P
2,003
Fetal growth has been posited to follow a timing hypothesis sequence in which the second trimester favors a single growth velocity peak in body length and the third trimester accommodates a single growth velocity peak in weight accrual. To our knowledge, this proposition has never been tested with high-frequency longit...
1
92,069
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by marine and freshwater planctomycete-like bacteria
Jetten, MSM; Sliekers, O; Kuypers, MMM; Dalsgaard, T; Van Niftrik, L; Cirpus, I; Van de Pas-Schoonen, KT; Lavik, G; Thamdrup, B; Le Paslier, D; Op Den Camp, HJM; Hulth, S; Nielsen, LP; Abma, W; Third, K; Engstrom, P; Kuenen
2,003
Recently, two fresh water species, "Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans" and "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis", and one marine species, "Candidatus Scalindua sorokinii", of planctomycete anammox bacteria have been identified. "Candidatus Scalindua sorokinii" was discovered in the Black Sea, and contributed substantial...
0
90,194
Validation tests of a new high uptake rate passive sampler for nitrogen dioxide measurements
Piechocki-Minguy, A; Plaisance, H; Garcia-Fouque, S; Galloo, JC; Guillermo, R
2,003
#This study explains the main characteristics of a new passive sampler which is able to give reliable nitrogen dioxide measurements for short time sampling. The sampling rate was found to be on average 0.89 cm3 s-1 for indoor sampling and 1.00 cm3 s-1 for outdoor sampling. The detection limit was evaluated at 11 Ag m-3...
0
43,632
Potential ambient ozone impact on ecosystems in the Czech Republic as indicated by exposure index AOT40
Hunova, I; Livorova, H; Ostatnicka, J
2,003
null
0
90,165
The use of passive sampling to monitor forest exposure to O3, NO2, and SO2: a review and some case studies
Cox, RM
2,003
The use of passive sampler systems is reviewed and discussed. These devices are able to determine both spatial and temporal differences in canopy exposure, as is demonstrated by their use in extensive monitoring of air-pollution exposure in forest health plots. Categorising forest health monitoring plots according to a...
0
52,945
Historical perspectives on ambient ozone and its effects on the Sierra Nevada
Carroll, JJ; Miller, PR; Pronos, J
2,003
An overview of summer wind flow climatology as it relates to the transport of ozone (O3) to the Sierra Nevada is presented. We also review a representative sample of studies documenting the occurrence of ozone injury symptoms in the forests of the western Sierra and in the Lake Tahoe Basin. We conclude that ozone is ne...
0
53,775
Ozone impacts on cotton: towards an integrated mechanism
Grantz, DA
2,003
Vegetation removes tropospheric ozone (O3) mainly through uptake by stomata. O3 reduces growth, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate allocation. Effects on mesophyll photosynthesis, may reducing carbohydrate source strength and, indirectly, carbohydrate translocation. Alternatively direct translocation, itself, could expla...
0
53,773
Detecting plant effects is necessary to give biological significance to ambient ozone monitoring data and predictive ozone standards
Manning, WJ
2,003
The use of mechanical monitors and passive samplers has made it possible to assess concentrations of ozone over wide areas and to develop air quality standards, like AOT40 and SUM60. Monitored ozone data and AOT40 and SUM60 are also used to predict ozone injury on local and regional scales. The data and the standards d...
1
53,790
Particle growth by acid-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions of organic carbonyls on preexisting aerosols
Jang, M; Carroll, B; Chandramouli, B; Kamens, RM
2,003
Aerosol growth by the heterogeneous reactions of different aliphatic and 'alpha','beta',-unsaturated carbonyls in the presence/absence of acidified seed aerosols was studied in a 2 m long flow reactor (2.5 cm i.d.) and a 0.5-m3 Teflon film bag under darkness. For the flow reactor experiments, 2,4-hexadienal, 5-methyl-3...
0
53,536
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) reduced:quinone oxidoreductase and glutathione s-transferase m1 polymorphism and childhood asthma
David, GL; Romieu, I; Sienra-Monge, JJ; Collins, WJ; Ramirez-Aguilar, M; Del Rio-Navarro, BE; Reyes-Ruiz, NI; Morris, RW; Marzec, JM; London, SJ
2,003
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) reduced:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 are phase II enzymes important in response to oxidative stress, such as occurs during exposure to ozone. We examined the relationship between functionally significant polymorphisms in NQO1 (Pro187S...
0
50,460
Asthma symptoms in Hispanic children and daily ambient exposures to toxic and criteria air pollutants
Delfino, RJ; Gone, H; Linn, WS; Pellizzari, ED; Hu, Y
2,003
Although acute adverse effects on asthma have been frequently found for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's principal criteria air pollutants, there is little epidemiologic information on specific hydrocarbons from toxic emission sources. We conducted a panel study of 22 Hispanic children with asthma who were 10...
1
46,934
Antioxidant enzymes and pulmonary function in steel mill welders
Stepniewski, M; Kolarzyk, E; Pietrzycka, A; Kitlinski, M; Helbin, J; Brzyszczan, K
2,003
It is known that high levels of nitric oxide and ozone lead to disturbances of the balance between oxidants and antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to investigate ventilatory parameters in relation to the antioxidant status measured as total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CT)...
0
48,402
Influence of an organic coating on the reactivity of aqueous aerosols probed by the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5
Folkers, M; Mentel, TF; Wahner, A
2,003
Surface-active organic compounds are common constituents of atmospheric aerosol particles. In this work, the effects of organic coatings on the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 was investigated. For this purpose aqueous NH4HSO4 particles were coated in situ in a large aerosol chamber. The experiments show that films co...
0
48,040
Design and analysis of climate model experiments for the efficient estimation of anthropogenic signals
Sexton, DMH; Grubb, H; Shine, KP; Folland, CK
2,003
Presented herein is an experimental design that allows the effects of several radiative forcing factors on climate to be estimated as precisely as possible from a limited suite of atmosphere-only general circulation model (GCM) integrations. The forcings include the combined effect of observed changes in sea surface te...
0
56,440
National air quality and emissions trends report 2003 special studies edition
null
2,003
This report presents national trends in air quality for ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead and sulfur dioxide for 10 and 20 year periods. In addition to air quality trends from data collected at monitoring stations across the country, trends in nationwide emissions are also presented. Th...
0
42,856
Associations of particulate matter components with daily mortality and morbidity in Detroit, Michigan, In: Revised analyses of time-series studies of air pollution and health. Special report
Ito, K
2,003
To examine the influence of the generalized additive model (GAM*) convergence problem on the results of the original Detroit data analysis, the associations between particulate matter (PM) components and daily mortality/ morbidity were reexamined using stringent convergence criteria as well as generalized linear models...
0
53,776
Inactivation of fungi associated with barley grain by gaseous ozone
Allen, B; Jiangning, W; Huu, D
2,003
ABSTRACT The use of gaseous ozone as a fungicide to preserve stored barley was studied. The effects of the following operating parameters on the fungicidal efficacy of ozone were examined: 1) the applied ozone dose, 2) ozonation time, 3) water activity of barley, and 4) temperature of barley. The effect of ozonation ...
0
54,581
Evaluation of the potential impact of age- and gender-specific lung morphology and ventilation rate on the dosimetry of vapors
Sarangapani, R; Gentry, PR; Covington, TR; Teeguarden, JG; Clewell, HJ III
2,003
In recent years, there have been growing concerns that due to differences, both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic, between children and adults, children could be at greater risk of adverse effects following chemical exposure. The specific goal of this study was to demonstrate an approach for using physiologically bas...
1
80,053
Transcriptome analysis of O3-exposed Arabidopsis reveals that multiple signal pathways act mutually antagonistically to induce gene expression
Tamaoki, M; Nakajima, N; Kubo, A; Aono, M; Matsuyama, T; Saji, H
2,003
To analyze cellular responses to ozone (O3), we performed a large-scale analysis of the Arabidopsis transcriptome after plants were exposed to O3 for 12 h. By using cDNA macroarray technology, we identified 205 non-redundant expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that were regulated by O3. Of these, 157 were induced and 48 wer...
1
47,782
Day-of-week patterns in toxic air contaminants in southern California
Austin, J
2,003
Day-of-week mean ambient concentrations were computed for six high-cancer-risk toxic air contaminants (TACs): 1,3-butadiene, benzene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and perchloroethylene. Data from six urban sites in southern California, from 1989 through 2001, were analyzed. Graphical display...
0
51,124
Contributions of anthropogenic and natural forcing to recent tropopause height changes
Santer, BD; Wehner, MF; Wigley, TML; Sausen, R; Meehl, GA; Taylor, KE; Ammann, C; Arblaster, J; Washington, WM; Boyle, JS; Bruggemann, W
2,003
Observations indicate that the height of the tropopause-the boundary between the stratosphere and troposphere-has increased by several hundred meters since 1979. Comparable increases are evident in climate model experiments. The latter show that human-induced changes in ozone and well-mixed greenhouse gases account for...
0
156,288
Asthma symptoms, severity, and drug therapy: A prospective study of effects on 2205 pregnancies
Bracken, MB; Triche, EW; Belanger, K; Saftlas, A; Beckett, WS; Leaderer, BP
2,003
OBJECTIVE: To prospectively examine in pregnant women whether asthma or asthma therapy influenced preterm delivery, intrauterine grown restriction (IUGR), or birthweight. METHODS: We enrolled 873 pregnant women with a history of asthma, of whom 778 experienced asthma symptoms or took medication, and 1333 women with no...
0
52,722
Open stomata 1 opens the door to ABA signaling in Arabidopsis guard cells
Assmann, SM
2,003
The plant hormone abscisic acid plays a crucial role in plant responses to drought, salinity and cold. A recent report shows that mutations in the OST1 gene, encoding a serineuthreonine protein kinase, render Arabidopsis thaliana guard cells insensitive to abscisic acid, such that stomata remain open in the presence of...
0
195,771
Biodegradation of polyurethane under fatigue loading
Wiggins, MJ; Anderson, JM; Hiltner, A
2,003
A method utilizing expansion of a diaphragm-type film specimen was developed to study in vitro biodegradation of poly(etherurethane urea) (PEUU) under conditions of dynamic loading (fatigue). A finite element model was used to describe the strain state, which ranged from uniaxial at the edges of the film to balanced bi...
0
49,614
Chromosomal aberrations induced by ambient and indoor air pollution
Bocskay, K; Orjuela, M; Warburton, D; Perera, F
2,003
null
0
53,431
Ozone production and trace gas correlations during the June 2000 MINATROC intensive measurement campaign at Mt Cimone
Fischer, H; Kormann, R; Klupfel, T; Gurk, C; Konigstedt, R; Parchatka, U; Muhle, J; Rhee, TS; Brenninkmeijer, CAM; Bonasoni, P; Stohl, A
2,003
#An intensive measurement campaign was performed in June 2000 at the Mt. Cimone station (44?11' N-10?42' E, 2165 m asl, the highest mountain in the northern Italian Apennines) to study photochemical ozone production in the lower free troposphere. In general, average mixing ratios of important trace gases were not very ...
0
57,220
HOx concentrations and OH reactivity observations in New York City during PMTACS-NY2001
Ren, XR; Harder, H; Martinez, M; Lesher, RL; Oliger, A; Shirley, T; Adams, J; Simpas, JB; Brune, WH
2,003
Hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals (collectively called HOx) were measured by a laser-induced fluorescence instrument during the PMTACS-NY (PM2.5 Technology Assessment and Characterization Study-New York) intensive campaign in New York City in summer 2001. Measurement results for OH and HO2 are presented for ...
0
57,283
Hierarchical regression with misaligned spatial data: relating ambient ozone and pediatric asthma ER visits in Atlanta
Zhu, L; Carlin, BP; Gelfand, AE
2,003
#Recent work by the authors enabled a hierarchical modeling solution to the general change of support problem (COSP), where they seek to make inferences about the values of a variable at either points or regions different from those at which it has been observed. The approach presumes an underlying continuous stationar...
0
52,594
Evaluating uncertainty in environmental life-cycle assessment A case study comparing two insulation options for a Dutch one-family dwelling
Huijbregts, MAJ; Gilijamse, W; Ragas, AMJ; Reijnders, L
2,003
The evaluation of uncertainty is relatively new in environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA). It provides useful information to assess the reliability of LCA-based decisions and to guide future research toward reducing uncertainty. Most uncertainty studies in LCA quantify only one type of uncertainty, i.e., uncertainty...
0
93,021
Seasonal and interannual variability of North American isoprene emissions as determined by formaldehyde column measurements from space
Abbot, DS; Palmer, PI; Martin, RV; Chance, KV; Jacob, DJ; Guenther, A
2,003
Formaldehyde (HCHO) columns measured from space by solar UV backscatter allow mapping of reactive hydrocarbon emissions. The principal contributor to these emissions during the growing season is the biogenic hydrocarbon isoprene, which is of great importance for driving regional and global tropospheric chemistry. We pr...
0
53,455
Increasing UV-B radiation at the earth's surface and potential effects on aqueous mercury cycling and toxicity
Bonzongo J-CJ; Donkor, AK
2,003
In the past two decades, a great deal of attention has been paid to the environmental fate of mercury (Hg), and this is exemplified by the growing number of international conferences devoted uniquely to Hg cycling and its impacts on ecosystem functions and life. This interest in the biogeochemistry of Hg has resulted i...
0
49,194
Nasal epithelial and inflammatory response to ozone exposure: a review of laboratory-based studies published since 1985
Nikasinovic, L; Momas, I; Seta, N
2,003
This article summarizes biological events in human and animal nasal epithelium after short- and long-term exposure to ozone, the principal agent in photochemical smog. Despite anatomical and histological interspecies differences, ozone exposures resulted in common nasal qualitative alterations with an anterior-posterio...
0
49,490
Prospective study of air pollution and bronchitic symptoms in children with asthma
McConnell, R; Berhane, K; Gilliland, F; Molitor, J; Thomas, D; Lurmann, F; Avol, E; Gauderman, WJ; Peters, JM
2,003
The relationship of bronchitic symptoms to ambient particulate matter and to particulate elemental and organic carbon (OC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and other gaseous pollutants was examined in a cohort of asthmatic children in 12 Southern California communities. Symptoms, assessed yearly by questionnaire from 1996-1999,...
1
49,466
Temperature, air pollution, and hospitalization for cardiovascular diseases among elderly people in Denver
Koken, PJM; Piver, WT; Ye, F; Elixhauser, A; Olsen, LM; Portier, CJ
2,003
Daily measures of maximum temperature, particulate matter less than or equal to 10 micro m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), and gaseous pollution (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide) were collected in Denver, Colorado, in July and August between 1993 and 1997. We then compared these exposures w...
0
52,997
Foliar quality influences tree-herbivore-parisitoid interactions: effects of elevated CO2, O3, and plant genotype
Holton, MK; Lindroth, RL; Nordheim, EV
2,003
This study examined the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2)-, ozone (O3)-, and genotype-mediated changes in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) chemistry on performance of the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) and its dipteran parasitoid (Compsilura concinnata) at the Aspen Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) site. ...
0
47,798
Natural background concentrations of nutrients in streams and rivers of the conterminous United States
Smith, RA; Alexander, RB; Schwarz, GE
2,003
#Determining natural background concentrations of nutrients in watersheds in the developed world has been hampered by a lack of pristine sampling sites covering a range of climatic conditions and basin sizes. Using data from 63 minimally impacted U.S. Geological Survey reference basins, we developed empirical models of...
0
52,099
Validation of a questionnaire and microenvironmental model for estimating past exposures to ozone
Gonzales, M; Ngo, L; Hammond, SK; Tager, I
2,003
Epidemiology studies of the health effects associated with chronic exposure to ozone are constrained by a lack of validated exposure assessment methods that account for activity patterns and building ventilation, two potentially important predictors of ozone exposure. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the impact ...
0
53,778
Repeated episodes of ozone inhalation amplifies the effects of allergen sensitization and inhalation on airway immune and structural development in Rhesus monkeys
Schelegle, ES; Miller, LA; Gershwin, LJ; Fanucchi, MV; Van Winkle, LS; Gerriets, JE; Walby, WF; Mitchell, V; Tarkington, BK; Wong, VJ; Baker, GL; Pantle, LM; Joad, JP; Pinkerton, KE; Wu, R; Evans, MJ; Hyde, DM; Plopper, CG
2,003
Twenty-four infant rhesus monkeys (30 days old) were exposed to 11 episodes of filtered air (FA), house dust mite allergen aerosol (HDMA), ozone (O3), or HDMA + O3 (5 days each followed by 9 days of FA). Ozone was delivered for 8 h/day at 0.5 ppm. Twelve of the monkeys were sensitized to house dust mite allergen (Derma...
1
41,960
Expert panel report: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma Update on selected topics 2002
null
2,003
N/A.
0
51,120
Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of biogenic volatile organic compounds: a review
Atkinson, R; Arey, J
2,003
Large quantities of non-methane organic compounds are emitted into the atmosphere from biogenic sources, mainly from vegetation. These organic compounds include isoprene, C10H16 monoterpenes, C15H24 sesquiterpenes, and a number of oxygenated compounds including methanol, hexene derivatives, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, and 6...
0
53,097
Validation of leaf ozone symptoms in natural vegetation using microscopical methods
Vollenweider, P; Ottiger, M; Gunthardt-Goerg, MS
2,003
Ozone injury to natural vegetation is being increasingly surveyed throughout the northern hemisphere. There exists a growing list of species showing visible `ozone-like' symptoms which needs to be validated. This study presents the results from a test survey of ozone injury to forest vegetation in the light exposed sit...
0
94,360
TRACI: the tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts
Bare, JC; Norris, GA; Pennington, DW; McKone, T
2,003
The tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts (TRACI) is described along with its history, the research and methodologies it incorporates, and the insights it provides within individual impact categories. TRACI, a stand-alone computer program developed by the U.S. Environmental P...
0
57,746
UV-induced skin damage
Ichihashi, M; Ueda, M; Budiyanto, A; Bito, T; Oka, M; Fukunaga, M; Tsuru, K; Horikawa, T
2,003
Solar radiation induces acute and chronic reactions in human and animal skin. Chronic repeated exposures are the primary cause of benign and malignant skin tumors, including malignant melanoma. Among types of solar radiation, ultraviolet B (290-320 nm) radiation is highly mutagenic and carcinogenic in animal experiment...
0
47,907
The transformation of solid atmospheric particles into liquid droplets through heterogeneous chemistry: laboratory insights into the processing of calcium containing mineral dust aerosol in the troposphere
Krueger, BJ; Grassian, VH; Laskin, A; Cowin, JP
2,003
Individual calcium carbonate particles reacted with gas-phase nitric acid at 293 K have been followed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis as a function of time and relative humidity (RH). The rate of calcium carbonate to calcium nitrate conversion is significantly enhance...
0
41,562
Asthma prevalence, health care use and mortality, 2000-2001
null
2,003
null
0
57,068
A longitudinal study of adult-onset asthma incidence among HMO members
Sama, SR; Hunt, PR; Cirillo, CP; Marx, A; Rosiello, RA; Henneberger, PK; Milton, DK
2,003
#BACKGROUND: HMO databases offer an opportunity for community based epidemiologic studies of asthma incidence, etiology and treatment. The incidence of asthma in HMO populations and the utility of HMO data, including use of computerized algorithms and manual review of medical charts for determining etiologic factors ha...
0
53,419
On the relationship between acetone and carbon monoxide in different air masses
De Reus, M; Fischer, H; Arnold, F; De Gouw, J; Holzinger, R; Warneke, C; Williams, J
2,003
Carbon monoxide and acetone measurements are presented for five aircraft measurement campaigns at mid-latitudes, polar and tropical regions in the northern hemisphere. Throughout all campaigns, free tropospheric air masses, which were influenced by anthropogenic emissions, showed a similar linear relation between aceto...
0
52,234
Long-term variations in total ozone derived from Dobson and satellite data
Harris, JM; Oltmans, SJ; Bodeker, GE; Stolarski, R; Evans, RD; Quincy, DM
2,003
Total ozone growth rates are calculated using flexible `tendency curves' that can follow ozone variations on all timescales greater than that of the quasi-biennial oscillation. This method improves on traditional trend analysis using straight line fits because it follows ozone variations more closely, providing visual ...
0
42,828
Revised analysis of the Montreal time-series study
Goldberg, MS; Burnett, RT
2,003
Abstract Methods: We conducted a revised analysis of the association between particulate mass and nonaccidental mortality over 10 years, 1984 to 1993, in Montreal, Quebec. The original publication results were based on nonparametric locally weighted smoothers (LOESS*) for time and weather variables using the S-Plus de...
0
51,118
Ozone and water deficit reduced growth of Aleppo pine seedlings
Le Thiec, D; Manninen, S
2,003
The effects of ambient and elevated ozone (O3) levels on photosynthesis, growth, pigment, biomass and element contents of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) were studied for two growing seasons (1997, 1998). Two-year-old seedlings were exposed to elevated O3 in open-top chambers. The treatments were charcoal-filtered...
0
91,553
Ecosystems and human well-being: A framework for assessment
null
2,003
Ecosystems and Human Well-being is the first product of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA), a four-year international work program designed to meet the needs of decision-makers for scientific information on the links between ecosystem change and human well-being. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment is modeled on ...
0
47,510
Atmospheric observations of enhanced No2-HONO conversion on mineral dust particles
Wang, S; Ackermann, R; Spicer, CW; Fast, JD; Schmeling, M; Stutz, J
2,003
#Nitrous acid is an important precursor for OH radicals in the polluted troposphere. The heterogeneous conversion of NO2 to HONO, however, is currently not well understood. Measurements of HONO and NO2 in Phoenix in summer 2001 using long path DOAS show ratios of chemically formed secondary [HONO] to [NO2] that rarely ...
0
53,920
Standard test method for ozone in the atmosphere: Continuous measurement by ethylene chemiluminescence
null
2,003
null
0
91,882
Effect of a whole-catchment N addition on stream detritus processing
Chadwick, MA; Huryn, AD
2,003
The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) is a paired catchment study investigating ecosystem effects of N and S deposition. Because of the decade long (NH4)(2)SO4 addition, the treatment catchment has higher stream NO3- and enriched foliar N concentrations compared to the reference catchment. We investigated how both s...
0
52,235
Global distribution of tropospheric ozone from satellite measurements using the empirically corrected tropospheric ozone residual technique: identification of the regional aspects of air pollution
Fishman, J; Wozniak, AE; Creilson, JK
2,003
Using coincident observations of total ozone from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and stratospheric ozone profiles from the Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) instruments, detailed maps of tropospheric ozone have been derived on a daily basis over a time period spanning more than two decades. The result...
0
42,864
Air pollution and daily deaths and hospital admissions in Los Angeles and Cook counties
Moolgavkar, SH
2,003
Health Effects Institute. I present reanalyses of associations between air pollution and daily deaths and hospital admissions in Los Angeles and Cook counties in the United States that were originally reported in a series of papers in 2000 (Moolgavkar 2000a,b,c). The principal reason for conducting these reanalyses was...
0
52,227
Photochemistry in the arctic free troposphere: NOx budget and the role of odd nitrogen reservoir recycling
Stroud, C; Madronich, S; Atlas, E; Ridley, B; Flocke, F; Weinheimer, A; Talbot, B; Fried, A; Wert, B; Shetter, R; Lefer, B; Coffey, M; Heikes, B; Blake, D
2,003
#The budget of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the arctic free troposphere is calculated with a constrained photochemical box model using aircraft observations from the Tropospheric O3 Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) campaign between February and May. Peroxyacetic nitric anhydride (PAN) was observed to be the domi...
0
47,522
Correction to "Ozone production rate and hydrocarbon reactivity in 5 urban areas: a cause of high ozone concentration in Houston"
Kleinman, LI; Daum, PH; Imre, D; Lee, YN; Nunnermacker, LJ; Springston, SR; Weinstein-Lloyd, J; Rudolph, J
2,003
N/A.
0
90,240
Soil nitrogen cycling under elevated CO2: A synthesis of forest face experiments
Zak, DR; Holmes, WE; Finzi, AC; Norby, RJ; Schlesinger, WH
2,003
#The extent to which greater net primary productivity (NPP) will be sustained as the atmospheric CO2 concentration increases will depend, in part, on the long-term supply of N for plant growth. Over a two-year period, we used common field and laboratory methods to quantify microbial N, gross N mineralization, microbial...
0
44,263
Individual aerosol particles from biomass burning in southern Africa: 2 Compositions and aging of inorganic particles
Posfai, M; Simonics, R; Li, J; Hobbs, PV; Buseck, PR
2,003
Individual aerosol particles in smoke plumes from biomass fires and in regional hazes in southern Africa were studied using analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which allowed detailed characterization of carbonaceous particle types in smoke and determination of changes in particle properties and concentra...
0
38,167
Time-course of Rubisco oxidation in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) subjected to a long-term ozone stress
Leitao, L; Goulas, P; Biolley, JP
2,003
We investigated the time-course of Rubisco small subunit (Rubisco-SSU) oxidation in leaves of bean plants grown under elevated O3. Five ambiences were tested in open-top chambers (OTCs): non-filtered air (NF), NF+20, +40, +60 and +80 ppb O3. An unchambered atmosphere was also available. Four samplings were performed be...
0
53,782
Potential effects of ozone, climate, and spruce budworm on Douglas-fir growth in the Wasatch Mountains
Wager, DJ; Baker, FA
2,003
This study assessed the potential for ozone injury to vegetation in the central Wasatch Mountains of Utah by determining if Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) experienced reduced growth since the onset of high ozone concentrations. Dendrochronological techniques were used to model Douglas-...
0
57,369
On alkyl nitrates, O3, and the "missing NOy"
Day, DA; Dillon, MB; Wooldridge, PJ; Thornton, JA; Rosen, RS; Wood, EC; Cohen, RC
2,003
We describe measurements of NO2, total peroxy nitrates ("Sigma"PNs), total alkyl nitrates ("Sigma"ANs), and HNO3 using thermal dissociation followed by laser-induced fluorescence detection of NO2 at three continental locations. The "Sigma"AN observations are unique and provide novel constraints on atmospheric photochem...
0
47,765
Stratosphere-troposphere exchange: a review and what we have learned from STACCATO
Stohl, A; Bonasoni, P; Cristofanelli, P; Collins, W; Feichter, J; Frank, A; Forster, C; Gerasopoulos, E; Gaggeler, H; James, P; Kentarchos, T; Kromp-Kolb, H; Kruger, B; Land, C; Meloen, J; Papayannis, A; Priller, A; Seibert, P; Sprenger, M; Roelofs, GJ; Scheel, HE; Schnabel, C; Siegmund, P; Tobler, L; Trickl, T; Wernli...
2,003
This paper provides a review of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE), with a focus on processes in the extratropics. It also addresses the relevance of STE for tropospheric chemistry, particularly its influence on the oxidative capacity of the troposphere. After summarizing the current state of knowledge, the object...
0
47,503
Transport of forest fire smoke above the tropopause by supercell convection
Fromm, MD; Servranckx, R
2,003
A recent letter [Fromm et al., 2000] postulated a link between boreal forest fire smoke and observed stratospheric aerosol enhancements in 1998. Therein a case was made that severe convection played a role in the cross-tropopause transport. A similar occurrence of stratospheric aerosol enhancements in the boreal summer...
0
53,422
Intercontinental transport of nitrogen oxide pollution plumes
Wenig, M; Spichtinger, N; Stohl, A; Held, G; Beirle, S; Wagner, T; Jahne, B; Platt, U
2,003
#We describe the first satellite observation of intercontinental transport of nitrogen oxides emitted by power plants, verified by simulations with a particle tracer model. The analysis of such episodes shows that anthropogenic NOx plumes may influence the atmospheric chemistry thousands of kilometers away from its ori...
0
47,783
Toxicological evaluation for the hazard assessment of tire crumb for use in public playgrounds
Birkholz, DA; Belton, KL; Guidotti, TL
2,003
Disposal of used tires has been a major problem in solid waste management. New uses will have to be found to consume recycled tire products. One such proposed use is as ground cover in playgrounds. However, concern has been expressed regarding exposure of children to hazardous chemicals and the environmental impact of ...
0
48,368
Satellite-based identification of tropopause folding signatures along air mass boundaries
Wimmers, AJ
2,003
null
0
42,737
Ground-level ozone: myth, facts, and politics
Cordato, RE
2,003
N/A.
0
51,279
Impact of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N205 on chemistry and nitrate aerosol formation in the lower troposphere under photosmog conditions
Riemer, N; Vogel, H; Vogel, B; Schell, B; Ackermann, I; Kessler, C; Hass, H
2,003
The impact of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 on tropospheric gas phase and particle phase chemistry was investigated by performing model simulations with two comprehensive model systems and taking into account recent findings on the heterogeneous reaction probability of N2O5. Hereby, we focused on photosmog cond...
0
49,189
North American, Asian, and Indian haze: Similar regional impacts on climate?
Quinn, PK; Bates, TS
2,003
#Pollution plumes recur seasonally downwind of the Indian subcontinent and Asian continent due to industrial and vehicular emissions, biomass burning, and wind-blown dust. These plumes have been well documented by field campaigns and satellite observations and the environmental implications of the 'Asian Brown Cloud' h...
0
42,818
Daily mortality and air pollution in The Netherlands
Hoek, G
2,003
We recently reported an association between daily fluctuations in ambient air pollution and daily mortality in the Netherlands. To adjust for long-term time trends and seasonal variation, we used generalized additive models (GAMs*). The use of GAM has been questioned because of inappropriate convergence criteria and un...
0
53,976
Trace gas and radical diurnal behavior in the marine boundary layer during INDOEX 1999
Burkert, J; Andres-Hernandez, MD; Reichert, L; Meyer-Arnek, J; Doddridge, BG; Dickerson, RR; Muehle, J; Zhan, A; Carsey, T; Burrows, JP
2,003
Selected trace gas mixing ratios (i.e. peroxy radicals (RO2 = HO2 + "Sigma"RO2), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), O3, CO, HCHO, and NO) and photolysis rate coefficients of j(NO2) and j(O1D)) were measured in the marine boundary layer (MBL) over the Indian Ocean. The measurements were performed during February, March, a...
0
43,641
Effects of ozone on lung function and lung diseases
Uysal, N; Schapira, RM
2,003
Ozone (O(3)) is an air pollutant produced by sunlight-driven reactions involving the oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds. The population of many large metropolitan areas in the US is exposed to high levels of O(3), particularly in the summer months. Individuals exposed to O(3) levels in human experiments ...
0
55,527
How does elevated ozone impact soybean? A meta-analysis of photosynthesis, growth and yield
Morgan, PB; Ainsworth, EA; Long, SP
2,003
Surface ozone concentrations ([O3]) during the growing season in much of the northern temperate zone reach mean peak daily concentrations of 60 p.p.b. Concentrations are predicted to continue to rise over much of the globe during the next 50 years. Although these low levels of ozone may not induce visible symptoms on m...
1
47,496
Mineral aerosol and cloud interactions
Mahowald, NM; Kiehl, LM
2,003
Interactions between aerosols and clouds are the subject of considerable scientific research, due to the importance of clouds in controlling climate. Here we consider the relationship between mineral aerosols and cloud properties over North Africa and the North Atlantic using monthly mean observations of mineral aeroso...
0
42,245
Comparison of chamber and face mask 6.6-hour exposure to 0.08 ppm ozone via square-wave and triangular profiles on pulmonary responses
Adams, WC
2,003
Recently, a stainless-steel air pollution chamber was acquired in this laboratory, and data were obtained in a study that convincingly demonstrated that chamber and face-mask inhalation methods of exposing young adult subjects for 6.6 h to nearly identical total inhaled O3 doses at 0.12 ppm produced very similar pulmon...
1
80,680
An examination of the chemistry of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides and related volatile organic compounds during Texas Air Quality Study 2000 using ground-based measurements
Roberts, JM; Jobson, BT; Kuster, W; Goldan, P; Murphy, P; Williams, E; Frost, G; Riemer, D; Apel, E; Stroud, C; Wiedinmyer, C; Fehsenfeld, F
2,003
Measurements of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs) along with related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were made at the La Porte super site during the TexAQS 2000 Houston study. The PAN mixing ratios ranged up to 6.5 ppbv and were broadly correlated with O sub(3), characteristic of a highly polluted urban envir...
0
2,251,971
Effects of hydrogeomorphic region, catchment storage and mature forest on baseflow and snowmelt stream water quality in second order Lake Superior Basin tributaries
Detenbeck, NE; Elonen, CM; Taylor, DL; Anderson, LE; Jicha, TM; Batterman, AL
2,003
1. In this study we predict stream sensitivity to non-point source pollution based on the non-linear responses of hydrological regimes and associated loadings of non-point source pollutants to catchment properties. We assessed two hydrologically based thresholds of impairment, one for catchment storage (5-10%) and one ...
0
94,204
Radiative forcing in the 21st century due to ozone changes in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere
Gauss, M; Myhre, G; Pitari, G; Prather, MJ; Isaksen, ISA; Berntsen, TK; Brasseur, GP; Dentener, FJ; Derwent, RG; Hauglustaine, DA; Horowitz, LW; Jacob, DJ; Johnson, M; Law, KS; Mickley, LJ; Muller, JF; Plantevin, PH; Pyle, JA; Rogers, HL; Stevenson, DS; Sundet, JK; Van Weele, M; Wild, O
2,003
[i] Radiative forcing due to changes in ozone is expected for the 21st century. An assessment on changes in the tropospheric oxidative state through a model intercomparison ("OxComp") was conducted for the IPCC Third Assessment Report (IPCC-TAR). OxComp estimated tropospheric changes in ozone and other oxidants durin...
1