REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
57,266 | Implications of enhanced Brewer-Dobson circulation in European Centre for medium-range weather forecasts reanalysis ERA-40 for the stratosphere-troposphere exchange of ozone in global chemistry transport models | Van Noije, TPC; Eskes, HJ; Van Weele, M; Van Velthoven, PFJ | 2,004 | null | 0 |
79,202 | Ozone uptake, water loss and carbon exchange dynamics in annually drought-stressed Pinus ponderosa forests: Measured trends and parameters for uptake modeling | Panek, JA | 2,004 | This paper describes 3 years of physiological measurements on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) growing along an ozone concentration gradient in the Sierra Nevada, California, including variables necessary to parameterize, validate and modify photosynthesis and stomatal conductance algorithms used to est... | 1 |
56,796 | Genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 and antioxidant supplementation influence lung function in relation to ozone exposure in asthmatic children in Mexico City | Romieu, I; Sienra-Monge, JJ; Ramirez-Aguilar, M; Moreno-Macias, H; Reyes-Ruiz, NI; Estela del Rio-Navarro, B; Hernandez-Avila, M; London, SJ | 2,004 | BACKGROUND: We recently reported that antioxidant supplementation with vitamins C and E mitigated ozone related decline in forced expiratory flow (FEF(25-75)) in 158 asthmatic children in an area with high ozone exposure in Mexico City. METHODS: A study was undertaken to determine whether deletion of glutathione S-tran... | 1 |
56,366 | Temperature and pressure dependence of high-resolution air-broadened absorption cross sections of NO2 (415-525 nm) | Nizkorodov, SA; Sander, SP; Brown, LR | 2,004 | Cross sections of air-broadened NO2 in the 415-525 nm region are reported. These are retrieved from 21absorption spectra recorded at 0.060 cm-1 resolution with the McMath-Pierce Fourier Transform Spectrometer located on Kitt Peak in Arizona. The measurements are obtained for pressures (1-760 Torr) and temperatures (220... | 0 |
651,862 | The sunburn pain model: The stability of primary and secondary hyperalgesia over 10 hours in a crossover setting | Gustorff, B; Anzenhofer, S; Sycha, T; Lehr, S; Kress, HG | 2,004 | It was our aim to study the within-day stability and between-day repeatability of ultraviolet B (UVB) light-induced primary and secondary hyperalgesia over 10 h. Twenty hours after UVB irradiation of a skin spot (r = 2.5 cm) on the upper leg of 8 healthy volunteers the areas of secondary hyperalgesia to pinprick and pa... | 0 |
196,396 | Ozone exposure decreases the effect of a deep inhalation on forced expiratory flow in normal subjects | Kjaergaard, SK; Pedersen, OF; Miller, MR; Rasmussen, TR; Hansen, JC; Molhave, L | 2,004 | Sixteen healthy nonsmoking subjects (7 women), 21-49 yr old, were exposed in a climate chamber to either clean air or 300 parts/billion ozone on 4 days for 5 h each day. Before each exposure, the subjects had been pretreated with either oxidants (fish oil) or antioxidants (multivitamins). The study design was double-bl... | 0 |
79,160 | Regional climate model simulation of summer precipitation diurnal cycle over the United States | Liang, XZ; Li, L; Dai, A; Kunkel, KE | 2,004 | MM5-based regional climate model (CMM5) simulations of the diurnal cycle of U. S. summer precipitation are found to be sensitive to the choice of cumulus parameterization schemes, whose skills are highly regime selective. The Grell scheme realistically simulates the nocturnal precipitation maxima and their associated e... | 0 |
55,613 | Association between ambient air pollution and birth weight in S?o Paulo, Brazil | Gouveia, N; Bremner, SA; Novaes, HMD | 2,004 | OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have implicated air pollution in increased mortality and morbidity, especially in the elderly population and children. More recently, associations with mortality in infants and with some reproductive outcomes have also been reported. The aim of this study is to explore the association betwe... | 1 |
626,732 | Statistical issues in studies of the long-term effects of air pollution: The Southern California Children?s Health Study | Berhane, K; Gauderman, WJ; Stram, DO; Thomas, DC | 2,004 | In this article we discuss statistical techniques for modeling data from cohort studies that examine long-term effects of air pollution on children?s health by comparing data from multiple communities with a diverse pollution profile. Under a general multilevel modeling paradigm, we discuss models for different outcome... | 1 |
57,414 | Global radiative forcing of coupled tropospheric ozone and aerosols in a unified general circulation model | Liao, H; Seinfeld, JH; Adams, PJ; Mickley, LJ | 2,004 | Global simulations of sea salt and mineral dust aerosols are integrated into a previously developed unified general circulation model (GCM), the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) GCM II0, that simulates coupled tropospheric ozone-NOxhydrocarbon chemistry and sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, primary or... | 1 |
52,668 | MTBE oxidation byproducts from the treatment of surface waters by ozonation and UV-ozonation | Graham, JL; Striebich, R; Patterson, CL; Rada Krishnan, E; Haught, RC | 2,004 | In recent years, there has been considerable concern over the release of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a gasoline additive, into the aquifers used as potable water sources. MTBE readily dissolves in water and has entered the environment via gasoline spills and leaking storage tanks. In this paper, we investigate ozon... | 0 |
54,747 | Ozone--from environmental pollutant to atherogenic determinant | Loscalzo, J | 2,004 | null | 0 |
55,604 | The predicted number of air pollution related deaths in the UK during the August 2003 heatwave | Stedman, JR | 2,004 | #There was a major heatwave across much of Europe in the first two weeks of August 2003, during which temperatures peaked at a new record of 38.5 degrees C in the UK. The UK Office for National Statistics have reported an excess of 2045 deaths in England and Wales for period from 4 to 13 August 2003 above the 1998-2002... | 0 |
196,417 | Induction of the epidermal growth factor receptor and its ligands in nasal epithelium by ozone | Polosa, R; Sapsford, RJ; Dokic, D; Cacciola, RR; Prosperini, G; Devalia, JL; Holgate, ST; Howarth, PH; Davies, DE | 2,004 | BACKGROUND: Ozone is a photochemical oxidant pollutant that is an important public health hazard. Although the inflammatory response that occurs in response to ozone inhalation is well characterized, the mechanisms underlying epithelial cell activation are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: Because the epidermal growth fa... | 0 |
52,926 | Aphid individual performance may not predict population responses to elevated CO2 or O3 | Awmack, CS; Harrington, R; Lindroth, RL | 2,004 | Changes in atmospheric composition affect plant quality and herbivore performance. We used the Aspen Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility to investigate the impacts of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) on the performance of the aphid Cepegillettea betulaefoliae Granovsky feeding on paper birch (Betula pap... | 1 |
56,621 | Ambient flux-based critical values of ozone for protecting vegetation: Differing spatial scales and uncertainties in risk assessment | Grunhage, L; Krupa, SV; Legge, AH; Jager, HJ | 2,004 | The current European critical levels for ozone (O3) to protect crops, natural and semi-natural vegetation and forest trees (Level I) are based on the accumulated exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb exposure index. For the revision of the 1999 UN-ECE protocol (Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary ... | 1 |
55,611 | Ozone and asthma--reply [letter] | Thurston, GD; Bates, DV | 2,004 | null | 0 |
72,712 | Elevated CO2 and O3t concentrations differentially affect selected groups of the fauna in temperate forest soils | Loranger, GI; Pregitzer, KS; King, JS | 2,004 | Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations may change soil fauna abundance. How increase of tropospheric ozone (O3t) concentration will modify these responses is still unknown. We have assessed independent and interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and [O3t] on selected groups of soil fauna. The experimental design is a fact... | 1 |
55,616 | Reply to the letter to the editor [regarding "Luttinger; Wilson (2003) A study of air pollutants and acute asthma exacerbations in urban areas: status report"] | Luttinger, D; Wilson, L | 2,004 | null | 0 |
94,316 | Dermal, oral, and inhalation pharmacokinetics of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in human volunteers | Prah, J; Ashley, D; Blount, B; Case, M; Leavens, T; Pleil, J; Cardinali, F | 2,004 | Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), a gasoline additive used to increase octane and reduce carbon monoxide emissions and ozone precursors, has contaminated drinking water and can lead to exposure by oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. To determine its dermal, oral, and inhalation kinetics, 14 volunteers were exposed t... | 0 |
195,275 | Influence of fibre surface oxidation treatment on mechanical interfacial properties of carbon fibre/polyarylacetylene composites | Fu, HJ; Huang, YD; Liu, L | 2,004 | In the present work, the mechanical interfacial properties of carbon fibre (CF) reinforced polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin composites were modified through the surface oxidation treatment of carbon fibres by ozone. Both X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that ... | 0 |
79,870 | State of the climate in 2003 | Levinson, DH; Waple AM eds | 2,004 | The earth's climate was influenced by a moderate El Nino in the tropical Pacific Ocean at the beginning of 2003. This ENSO warm event developed during October-November of 2002, and eventually dissipated during March-April 2003, giving way to near-neutral ENSO conditions for the remainder of the year. Despite the cessat... | 0 |
56,605 | Comparison between AOT40 and ozone uptake in forest trees of different species, age and site conditions | Matyssek, R; Wieser, G; Nunn, AJ; Kozovits, AR; Reiter, IM; Heerdt, C; Winkler, JB; Baumgarten, M; Haberle, KH; Grams, TEE; Werner, H; Fabian, P; Havranek, WM | 2,004 | The current AOT40 concept for inferring risks in forest trees by ozone (O3) injury is based on an accumulated external O3 exposure rather than an internal O3 dose or uptake rate. AOT40 assumes O3 concentrations below 40 nl 1-1 and night-time exposure to be negligible. Hence, this concept is rather inconsistent with obs... | 0 |
56,624 | Introduction for ozone deposition special issue | Ashmore, M; Emberson, L; Karlsson, PE; Pleijel, H | 2,004 | N/A. | 1 |
57,372 | Photodissociation of acetone: atmospheric implications of temperature-dependent quantum yields | Arnold, SR; Chipperfield, MP; Blitz, MA; Heard, DE; Pilling, MJ | 2,004 | We have used a photochemical box model to investigate the effect of temperature-dependent quantum yields of acetone on the chemistry in the upper troposphere. The T-dependent quantum yields produce a photolysis (J) rate up to factor 3u10 slower than room temperature values. This reduced J rate significantly reduces the... | 0 |
133,533 | Reaction of alpha-cedrene with ozone: Mechanism, gas and particulate products distribution | Jaoui, M; Sexton, KG; Kamens, RM | 2,004 | The gas-phase reaction of ozone with alpha-cedrene (I) in the absence and presence of an OH radical scavenger (cyclohexane) has been studied in the outdoor 25 m(3) Teflon film chambers at the UNC smog chamber facility. Twenty-two compounds were identified for the first time in this study. Important products identified ... | 0 |
184,461 | Final Report: Evaluation of the US EPA MOBILE6 highway vehicle emission factor model | Pollack, AK; Lindhjem, C; Stoeckenius, TE; Tran, C; Mansell, G; Jimenez, M; Wilson, G; Coulter-Burke, S | 2,004 | null | 1 |
57,203 | The role of solar and UV radiation in environmental stress assessment | Moran, DS; Pandolf, KB; Vitalis, A; Heled, Y; Parker, R; Gonzalez, RR | 2,004 | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in environmental assessment. Analysis of two meteorological databases, from Israel and New Zealand, used in this study revealed that the UV radiation component in the environmental stress assessment was not significant. However, because of... | 0 |
72,610 | Effects of ozone on the catalytic combustion of carbon black | Bokova, M; Decarne, C; Abi-Aad, E; Pryakhin, A; Lunin, V; Aboukais, A | 2,004 | Elimination of carbon particles emitted into air is one of the main environmental problems. In this study, the catalytic combustion of carbon particles has been investigated in the presence of Cu-Ce-Al oxides. The influence of ozonation on the catalytic and physico-chemical properties of Cu-Ce-Al oxides and carbon blac... | 0 |
87,708 | Nitrogen mineralization: Challenges of a changing paradigm | Schimel, JP; Bennett, J | 2,004 | #Until recently, the common view of the terrestrial nitrogen cycle had been driven by two core assumptionsuplants use only inorganic N and they compete poorly against soil microbes for N. Thus, plants were thought to use N that microbes oleft over,o allowing the N cycle to be divided cleanly into two piecesuthe microbi... | 0 |
90,233 | Characterization of indoor air quality using multiple measurements of nitrogen dioxide | Yang, W; Lee, K; Chung, M | 2,004 | Indoor air quality can be affected by indoor sources, ventilation, decay and outdoor levels. Although technologies exist to measure these factors, direct measurements are often difficult. The purpose of this study was to develop an alternative method to characterize indoor environmental factors by multiple indoor and o... | 0 |
187,227 | Carry-over effects of ozone and water stress on leaf phenological characteristics and bud frost hardiness of Fagus crenata seedlings | Yonekura, T; Yoshidome, M; Watanabe, M; Honda, Y; Ogiwara, I; Izuta, T | 2,004 | We examined the carry-over effects of ozone (O-3) and/or
water stress on leaf phenological characteristics and bud frost hardiness of Fagus crenata
seedlings. Three-year-old seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered air or 60 nl 1(-1) O-3, 7 h
a day, from May to October 1999 in naturally-lit growth chambers. Ha... | 0 |
651,881 | Ultraviolet B radiation suppresses endocytosis, subsequent maturation, and migration activity of langerhans cell-like dendritic cells | Mizuno, K; Okamoto, H; Horio, T | 2,004 | Langerhans cells capture exogenous antigens through fluid phase pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis and migrate to lymph nodes, where they present processed antigen to T cells. Ultraviolet B radiation impairs the antigen-presenting function of Langerhans cells, resulting in antigen-specific immunosuppression ... | 0 |
57,064 | An empirical model to predict the UV-index based on solar zenith angles and total ozone | Allaart, M; Van Weele, M; Fortuin, P; Kelder, H | 2,004 | The clear sky UV-index is expressed as a function of two predictable quantities: the solar zenith angle and total ozone. This function is derived by fitting the measurements of total ozone and the UV-index obtained from two instruments, one in the mid-latitudes and one in the tropics. The shape of the function was chos... | 0 |
87,534 | Value of statistical life analysis and environmental policy: a white paper | Dockins, C; Maguire, K; Simon, N; Sullivan, M | 2,004 | null | 0 |
180,207 | Ambient endotoxin concentrations in PM10 from southern California | Mueller-Anneling, L; Avol, E; Peters, JM; Thorne, PS | 2,004 | Concentrations of endotoxin in urban air pollution have not previously been extensively characterized. We measured 24-hr levels of PM10 (particulate matter < 10 ?m in aerodynamic diameter) and the associated endotoxin component once every 6 weeks for 1 year in 13 communities in Southern California. All the samples coll... | 0 |
92,161 | Effects of chronic nitrogen amendment on dissolved organic matter and inorganic nitrogen in soil solution | Mcdowell, WH; Magill, AH; Aitkenhead-Peterson, JA; Aber, JD; Merriam, JL; Kaushal, SS | 2,004 | Increased atmospheric deposition of N to forests is an issue of global concern, with largely undocumented long-term effects on soil solution chemistry. In contrast to bulk soil properties, which are typically slow to respond to a chronic stress, soil solution chemistry may provide an early indication of the long-term c... | 0 |
80,421 | Occurrence of spruce bark beetles in forest stands at different levels of air pollution stress | Grodzki, W; Mcmanus, M; Knizek, M; Meshkova, V; Mihalciuc, V; Novotny, J; Turcani, M; Slobodyan, Y | 2,004 | The spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (L.) is the most serious pest of mature spruce stands, mainly Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. throughout Eurasia. A complex of weather-related events and other environmental stresses are reported to predispose spruce stands to bark beetle attack and subsequent tree mortali... | 0 |
42,649 | National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2002 summary | Woodwell, DA; Cherry, DK | 2,004 | null | 0 |
80,434 | The use of "photogrammetry-GIS" (P-GIS) for the analysis of changes in the Tatra Mountains' natural environment | Wezyk, P; Guzik, M | 2,004 | The natural environment of the Tatra Mountains has been subjected to extensive pressure of human activity for hundreds of years (shepherding, metal mining, and papermaking that often led to clear-cutting). The main goal of this study was to evaluate changes in the land use and in the plant cover that took place during ... | 0 |
195,901 | Tropopause folding at satellite-observed spatial gradients: 1. Verification of an empirical relationship | Wimmers, AJ; Moody, JL | 2,004 | Tropopause folding, a mechanism for stratosphere/troposphere exchange (STE), can be detected indirectly from strong spatial gradients in two satellite-derived products that are primarily sensitive to tropopause height: the altered water vapor product, developed from the GOES water vapor channel; and the Total Ozone Map... | 0 |
56,591 | Correlation of environmental factors with asthma and rhinitis symptoms in Tulsa, OK | Newhouse, CP; Levetin, BS; Levetin, E | 2,004 | #BACKGROUND: Airborne allergens, pollutants, and climatic changes are known to influence the symptoms of asthma patients. OBJECTIVE: To correlate airborne fungal spore and pollen concentrations, meteorological data, and airborne pollutants with asthma and rhinitis symptoms to develop predictive models for asthma severi... | 0 |
88,928 | An evaluation of processes regulating spatial and temporal patterns in lake sulfate in the Adirondack region of New York | Chen, L; Driscoll, CT | 2,004 | [1] As a result of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 and 1990, there have been significant decreases in sulfate (SO42-) concentrations in surface waters across the northeastern United States. The 37 Direct/Delayed Response Program (DDRP) watersheds in the Adirondacks receive elevated levels of atmospheric S depositi... | 0 |
55,999 | MTBE, DIPE, ETBE and TAME degradation in water using perfluorinated phases as catalysts for ozonation process | Kasprzyk-Hordern, B; Andrzejewski, P; Dabrowska, A; Czaczyk, K; Nawrocki, J | 2,004 | This paper aims to demonstrate the potential of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), isopropyl ether (DIPE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) degradation through ozonation alone and catalytic ozonation in the presence of perfluorinated alumina. MTBE, a common fuel additive, was found to be the... | 0 |
55,599 | Outdoor/indoor/personal ozone exposures of children in Nashville, Tennessee | Lee, K; Parkhurst, WJ; Xue, J; Ozkaynak, H; Neuberg, D; Spengler, JD | 2,004 | An ozone (O3) exposure study was conducted in Nashville, TN, using passive O3 samplers to measure six weekly outdoor, indoor, and personal O3 exposure estimates for a group of 10- to 12-yr-old elementary school children. Thirty-six children from two Nashville area communities (Inglewood and Hendersonville) participated... | 1 |
72,716 | Evaluation of an annual simulation of ozone and fine particulate matter over the continental United States: which temporal features are captured? | Hogrefe, C; Jones, JM; Gilliland, A; Porter, PS; Gego, E; Gilliam, J; Swall, JI; Rao, ST | 2,004 | null | 0 |
695,502 | Risk-benefit analysis of ethanol fuel blends in the US | Williams, PRD | 2,004 | This paper presents a summary of the available literature concerning the potential air and water quality risks and benefits associated with ethanol-fuel blends in the U.S. The available weight-of-evidence indicates that ethanol-fuel blends are likely to produce measurable air quality benefits compared to conventional g... | 0 |
133,378 | Analysis of sources and partitioning of oxidant in the UK - Part 2: Contributions of nitrogen dioxide emissions and background ozone at a kerbside location in London | Jenkin, ME | 2,004 | Hourly mean concentration data for nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O-3) at Marylebone Rd (an urban kerbside site in London) are used to investigate the diurnal and seasonal dependence of sources of oxidant, and their origins. The observed concentrations of oxidant ([OX], defined as [NO2] + [O-3]) a... | 0 |
156,725 | A review of the literature on the effects of ambient air pollution on fetal growth | Maisonet, M; Correa, A; Misra, D; Jaakkola, JJ | 2,004 | A systematic review of the literature on the effects of air pollution on low birth weight (LBW) and its determinants, preterm delivery (PTD) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), was conducted. Twelve epidemiologic investigations that addressed the impact of air pollution on four pregnancy outcomes were identifie... | 0 |
669,158 | Spectral absorption of solar radiation by aerosols during ACE-Asia | Bergstrom, RW; Pilewskie, P; Pommier, J; Rabbette M; Russell, PB; Schmid, B; Redemann, J; Higurashi, A; Nakajima, T; Quinn, PK | 2,004 | As part of the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia), the upward and downward spectral solar radiant fluxes were measured with the Spectral Solar Flux Radiometer (SSFR), and the aerosol optical depth was measured with the Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) aboard the Center f... | 0 |
74,037 | Forest thinning experiment confirms ozone deposition to forest canopy is dominated by reaction with biogenic VOCs | Goldstein, AH; Mckay, M; Kurpius, MR; Schade, GW; Lee, A; Holzinger, R; Rasmussen, RA | 2,004 | Ecosystem ozone uptake can occur through stomatal and surface deposition and through gas phase chemical reactions. In a California pine forest, thinning dramatically enhanced both monoterpene emission and ozone uptake. These simultaneous enhancements provide strong evidence that ozone reactions with unmeasured biogenic... | 0 |
56,595 | Acute effects of urban ambient air pollution on respiratory symptoms, asthma medication use, and doctor visits for asthma in a cohort of Australian children | Jalaludin, BB; O'Toole, BI; Leeder, SR | 2,004 | We enrolled a cohort of primary school children with a history of wheeze (n=148) in an 11-month longitudinal study to examine the relationship between ambient air pollution and respiratory morbidity. We obtained daily air pollution (ozone, particulate matter less than 10 Am, and nitrogen dioxide), meteorological, and p... | 1 |
80,431 | The influence of O3, NO2 and SO2 on growth of Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica in the Carpathian Mountains | Muzika, RM; Guyette, RP; Zielonka, T; Liebhold, AM | 2,004 | #At 17 long-term pollution monitoring sites throughout the Carpathian Mountains, tree growth patterns and variation in growth rate were examined to determine relationship of tree growth to specific pollutants. Canopy dominant Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica were selected at each site. Basal area increment (BAI) values ... | 0 |
55,654 | Life cycle assessment Part 1: framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications | Rebitzer, G; Ekvall, T; Frischknecht, R; Hunkeler, D; Norris, G; Rydberg, T; Schmidt, WP; Suh, S; Weidema, BP; Pennington, DW | 2,004 | #Sustainable development requires methods and tools to measure and compare the environmental impacts of human activities for the provision of goods and services (both of which are summarized under the term "products"). Environmental impacts include those from emissions into the environment and through the consumption o... | 0 |
694,740 | Trends in air quality and population exposure in Santiago, Chile, 1989-2001 | Jorquera, H; Orrego, G; Castro, J; Vesovic, V | 2,004 | This study focused on establishing trends in the period 1988-2001 in PM2.5, PM10 and ozone concentrations in Santiago, Chile, and linking those to population exposure. There is strong seasonality in the concentration levels, driven by prevailing meteorological conditions, with the concentration of particulates peaking ... | 0 |
57,505 | An analysis of cumulative lifetime solar ultraviolet radiation exposure and the benefits of daily sun protection | Nole, G; Johnson, AW | 2,004 | #Cumulative exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) increases the risk of developing skin cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Thus, the need for protection from the sun is widely advocated, but consumers generally associate such protection with the occasional extreme exposure and tend... | 0 |
72,708 | 15-year simulation of ozone in Baltimore using SIPM | Vukovich, FM; Scarborough, J | 2,004 | #The objective of this study is to develop, evaluate, and apply the ozone prediction capability of the semi-empirical integrated pollution model (SIPM). SIPM is a sourceureceptor model that can be used to estimate the diurnal maximum ozone concentrations (DMOC). For this study, SIPM was applied to create a Base Case, 1... | 0 |
72,714 | Ozone exposure induces iNOS expression and tyrosine nitration in rat aorta | Sanchez-Gonzalez, DJ; Moro, MA; Castillo-Henkel, C; Herrera-Gonzalez, N; Hernandez-Pando, R; Larios-Medina, FJ; Cobilt, R | 2,004 | The aim was to study whether ozone affects vascular endothelium by causing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and tyrosine nitration. We also studied biomarkers of endothelial function. Male Wistar rats were exposed to ozone (0.25ppm, 4h/day) or filtered air (control, ozone <0.05ppm). After ozone expo... | 0 |
87,889 | Air pollution and children's health | Schwartz, J | 2,004 | Children's exposure to air pollution is a special concern because their immune system and lungs are not fully developed when exposure begins, raising the possibility of different responses than seen in adults. In addition, children spend more time outside, where the concentrations of pollution from traffic, powerplants... | 0 |
695,400 | Indoor fine particles: The role of terpene emissions from consumer products | Sarwar, G; Olson, DA; Corsi, RL; Weschler, CJ | 2,004 | Consumer products can emit significant quantities of terpenes, which can react with ozone (O-3). Resulting by-products include compounds with low vapor pressures that contribute to the growth of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). The focus of this study was to evaluate the potential for SOA growth, in the presence of O... | 0 |
694,613 | Development of acute inhalation reference exposure levels (RELs) to protect the public from predictable excursions of airborne toxicants | Collins, JF; Alexeeff, GV; Lewis, DC; Dodge, DE; Marty, MA; Parker, TR; Budroe, JD; Lam, RHF; Lipsett, MJ; Fowles, JR; Das, R | 2,004 | Uniform guidelines have been developed for the derivation of I-h acute inhalation reference exposure levels (RELs) applicable to the general public exposed routinely to hazardous substances released into the environment. Existing acute exposure guidance values developed by other organizations have been examined, and st... | 0 |
90,375 | Volcanic sources of tropospheric ozone-depleting trace gases | Gerlach, TM | 2,004 | Recent investigations report mixing ratios of BrO gas reaching 1 ppb in plume 4-7 km downwind of the summit of Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat. The detection of BrO in volcanic plumes is potentially important evidence of halogen-catalyzed tropospheric ozone destruction and suggests that volcanoes either directly em... | 0 |
57,011 | Meta-analysis of time-series studies and panel studies of particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3): report of a WHO task group | null | 2,004 | Quantitative health impact assessment has become increasingly important in the development of air quality policy. For such analysis it is important to have accurate information on the concentration-response relationships for the effects investigated, for example on the relationship between changes in daily air pollutio... | 0 |
72,779 | Lead and mercury in aerosol particles collected over the South Pole during ISCAT-2000 | Arimoto, R; Schloesslin, C; Davis, D; Hogan, A; Grube, P; Fitzgerald, W; Lamborg, C | 2,004 | As part of the ISCAT-2000 field study, aerosol particle samples were collected over ~24 hr intervals at the South Pole (SP), and they were analyzed for trace elements and for selected ions important for Antarctic sulfur and nitrogen chemistry. This paper focuses on lead and mercury while a companion paper in this issue... | 0 |
91,890 | Sensitivity to acidification of subalpine ponds and lakes in north-western Colorado | Campbell, DH; Muths, E; Turk, JT; Corn, PS | 2,004 | Although acidifying deposition in western North America is lower than in many parts of the world, many high-elevation ecosystems there are extremely sensitive to acidification. Previous studies determined that the Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area (MZWA) has the most acidic snowpack and aquatic ecosystems that are among the... | 0 |
195,748 | Factors that affect the fatigue life of rubber: A literature survey | Mars, WV; Fatemi, A | 2,004 | Many factors are known to influence the mechanical fatigue life of rubber components. Four major categories of factors are reviewed here: the effects of mechanical loading history, environmental effects, effects of rubber formulation, and effects due to dissipative aspects of the constitutive response of rubber. For ea... | 0 |
694,467 | Ultraviolet (UV-B) light elicits cytosolic acidosis in human breast cancer cells | Maiti, D; Sennoune, SR; Martinez-Zaguilan, R | 2,004 | null | 0 |
55,607 | Low-level ozone, particulate matter, and children with asthma | Phelps, J | 2,004 | null | 0 |
56,590 | Association of higher levels of ambient criteria pollutants with impaired cardiac autonomic control: a population-based study | Liao, D; Duan, Y; Whitsel, EA; Zheng, ZJ; Heiss, G; Chinchilli, VM; Lin, HM | 2,004 | An association between air pollution and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has been reported, but underlying mechanisms are unknown. The authors examined short-term associations between ambient pollutants (particulate matter less than 10 Am in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen... | 1 |
53,506 | Is the association of airborne particles with daily deaths confounded by gaseous air pollutants? An approach to control by matching | Schwartz, J | 2,004 | Although particulate air pollution has been associated with increased daily deaths in dozens of cities around the world, issues still remain about the association. Some have questioned the complex modeling used to control for season in Poisson regression, or the role of gaseous air pollutants as potential confounders o... | 0 |
55,871 | Measuring the health effects of air pollution: to what extent can we really say that people are dying from bad air? | Koop, G; Tole, L | 2,004 | Estimation of the effects of environmental impacts is a major focus of current theoretical and policy research in environmental economics. Such estimates are used to set regulatory standards for pollution exposure; design appropriate environmental protection and damage mitigation strategies; guide the assessment of env... | 0 |
55,655 | Life cycle assessment Part 2: current impact assessment practice | Pennington, DW; Potting, J; Finnveden, G; Lindeijer, E; Jolliet, O; Rydberg, T; Rebitzer, G | 2,004 | #Providing our society with goods and services contributes to a wide range of environmental impacts. Waste generation, emissions and the consumption of resources occur at many stages in a product's life cycleuufrom raw material extraction, energy acquisition, production and manufacturing, use, reuse, recycling, through... | 0 |
92,514 | Assessment of the effect of air pollution on material damages in northeast Asia | Kim, ST; Maeda, Y; Tsujino, Y | 2,004 | Material exposure tests have been carried out to evaluate the relationship between air pollution and material damage, with the cooperation of researchers in Japan, China and Korea, since 1993. Test materials such as bronze, copper, marble, and steel have been exposed to both unsheltered and rain-sheltered outdoor condi... | 0 |
81,003 | Loblolly pine seedling growth after inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and ozone exposure | Estes, BL; Enebak, SA; Chappelka, AH | 2,004 | Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria promote plant growth and induce biocontrol, but are affected by soil type, water stress, microbial competition, and environmental conditions. One unexplored factor is the interaction of rhizobacteria-inoculated plants exposed to ozone. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds were inoc... | 0 |
57,258 | The impact of Arctic ozone depletion on northern middle latitudes: interannual variability and dynamical control | Hadjinicolaou, P; Pyle, JA | 2,004 | null | 0 |
114,453 | Ozone and peroxyacetylnitrate in downtown Santiago, Chile | Rubio, MA; Oyola, P; Gramsch, E; Lissi, E; Pizarro, J; Villena, G | 2,004 | Peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) and ozone have been measured during spring and early summer in downtown Santiago during 2002 and 2003. Although the values are lower than those reported at a site located downwind from the center of the city, ozone levels frequently surpass the air quality standard (80 ppb, 1 h or 60 ppb, 8 h ... | 0 |
2,242,822 | Development of a 2001 national land-cover database for the United States | Homer, C; Huang, C; Yang, L; Wylie, B; Coan, M | 2,004 | null | 0 |
87,783 | Export of NOy from the North American boundary layer: reconciling aircraft observations and global model budgets | Li, QB; Jacob, DJ; Yantosca, RM; Munger | 2,004 | Fossil fuel combustion accounts for > 50% of the global atmospheric emission of NOx, but this source is concentrated in the polluted continental boundary layer (CBL) and only a small fraction is exported as NOy (NOx and its oxidation products) to the global troposphere. Better quantification of this export efficiency i... | 0 |
76,673 | Formation of biologically active oxysterols during ozonolysis of cholesterol present in lung surfactant | Pulfer, MK; Murphy, RC | 2,004 | Exposure of the lung to concentrations of ozone found in ambient air is known to cause toxicity to the epithelial cells of the lung. Because of the chemical reactivity of ozone, it likely reacts with target molecules in pulmonary surfactant, a lipid-rich material that lines the epithelial cells in the airways. Phosphol... | 1 |
91,448 | Regional model projections of future effects of sulfur and nitrogen deposition on streams in the southern Appalachian Mountains | Sullivan, TJ; Cosby, BJ; Herlihy, AT; Webb, JR; Bulger, AJ; Snyder, KU; Brewer, PF; Gilbert, EH; Moore, DL | 2,004 | We constructed a model-based evaluation of current and future effects of atmospheric S and N deposition on aquatic resources in the eight-state southern Appalachian Mountains region. Modeling was conducted with the MAGIC model for about 40 to 50 sites within each of three physiographic provinces, stratified by stream w... | 0 |
55,605 | Air pollution related deaths during the 2003 heat wave in the Netherlands | Fischer, PH; Brunekreef, B; Lebret, E | 2,004 | In the Netherlands an excess of 1000-1400 deaths was estimated due to the hot temperatures that occurred during the 2003 summer period. We estimated the number of deaths attributable to the ozone and Particular Matter (PM10) concentrations in the summer period June-August 2003. Our calculations show that an excess of a... | 0 |
131,722 | Transport of atmospheric carbon monoxide, ozone, and hydrocarbons from Chinese coast to Okinawa island in the Western Pacific during winter | Kato, S; Kajii, Y; Itokazu, R; Hirokawa, J; Koda, S; Kinjo, Y | 2,004 | CO, O(3), and hydrocarbon measurements were conducted at Okinawa island, a southern Japanese island, during winter in 2000. The observed air was affected by the pollution transported from Chinese coastal area. Hydrocarbon concentration decreased as carbon number increased. This indicated that the measurement site was n... | 0 |
195,308 | Photocatalytic degradation of isothiazolin-3-ones in water and emulsion paints containing nanocrystalline TiO2 and ZnO catalysts | Kandavelu, V; Kastien, H; Thampi, KR | 2,004 | The photocatalytic degradation of isothiazolin-3-ones has been studied using the catalytically active TiO2 and ZnO and the inactive paint grade TiO2, under various illumination and chemical conditions. The reaction follows a pseudo-first-order kinetics. Three types of lamps have been used. The photocatalytic degradatio... | 0 |
195,251 | Ozone degradation of ink jet photoquality images | Barcock, RA; Lavery, AJ | 2,004 | Digital images can now be printed using a range of printer technologies. These include thermal transfer (D2T2), electrophotography, and ink jet, all of which are capable of producing photographic-like prints. There has been much interest in the environmental stability of digital images created by the different printer ... | 0 |
74,327 | Stem wood properties of Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera and Acer saccharum saplings after three years of treatments to elevated carbon dioxide and ozone | Kaakinen, S; Kostiainen, K; Ek, F; Saranpaa, P; Kubiske, ME; Sober, J; Karnosky, DF; Vapaavuori, E | 2,004 | null | 0 |
56,617 | Fuel permeation from automotive systems Final report | Haskew, HM; Liberty, TF; McClement, D | 2,004 | The California Air Resources Board (CARB), in cooperation with the Coordinating Research Council (CRC), sponsored a major study on the permeation effects of ethanol on automotive fuel systems. Permeation is a diffusion process whereby fuel molecules migrate through the elastomeric materials (rubber and plastic parts) t... | 0 |
57,445 | Circulating CD11b expression correlates with the neutrophil response and airway mCD14 expression is enhanced following ozone exposure in humans | Alexis, NE; Becker, S; Bromberg, PA; Devlin, R; Peden, DB | 2,004 | We recently reported that baseline expression of circulating CD11b is associated with the magnitude of the neutrophil response following inhaled endotoxin. In this study, we examined whether circulating CD11b plays a similar role in the inflammatory response following inhaled ozone exposure. Twenty-two volunteers under... | 0 |
55,597 | Ozone, area social conditions, and mortality in Mexico City | O'Neill, MS; Loomis, D; Borja-Aburto, VH | 2,004 | #We investigated whether the association of daily mortality and ambient ozone differs by age and area social conditions of the region of residence using a time-series analysis. The study setting was metropolitan Mexico City, a high altitude city situated in a valley, with an estimated 20 million inhabitants, large soci... | 0 |
57,058 | Cleaning products and air fresheners: exposure to primary and secondary air pollutants | Nazaroff, WW; Weschler, CJ | 2,004 | #Building occupants, including cleaning personnel, are exposed to a wide variety of airborne chemicals when cleaning agents and air fresheners are used in buildings. Certain of these chemicals are listed by the state of California as toxic air contaminants (TACs) and a subset of these are regulated by the US federal go... | 0 |
655,517 | Time course of DNA repair, cytokine release and cellular redox state in UVB-irradiated reconstituted epidermis | Isabelle, I; Tercero, G; Nicolay, J | 2,004 | The purpose of this study is to evidence strategic phases in the repair of UVB-induced DNA damages by monitoring markers indicative of DNA repair, inflammation, and cellular redox state to improve design and evaluation of new photoprotective agents. Human Reconstituted Epidermis (HRE) were exposed to UVB (300 mJ.cm-1),... | 0 |
655,507 | Ultraviolet B radiation up-regulates expression of dectin-2 on epidermal Langerhans cells | Bonkobara, M; Washizu, T; Bergstresser, P; Cruz, P; Ariizumi, K | 2,004 | Since ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation of mouse skin alters the antigen presenting cell (APC) function of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC), leading to suppressed Th1, but activated Th2 responses, and because dectin-2 is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) on LC and dendritic cells (DC) shown to mediate suppression of co... | 0 |
625,701 | Mastoparan rapidly activates plant MAP kinase signaling independent of heterotrimeric G proteins | Miles, GP; Samuel, MA; Jones, AM; Ellis, BE | 2,004 | null | 0 |
57,775 | A review of surface ozone background levels and trends | Vingarzan, R | 2,004 | #A survey of the literature was conducted to review historical and current surface ozone data from background stations in Canada, United States and around the world for the purpose of characterizing background levels and trends, present plausible explanations for observed trends and explore projections of future ozone ... | 0 |
72,744 | Influence of ozone and nitrogen deposition on bark beetle activity under drought conditions | Jones, ME; Paine, TD; Fenn, ME; Poth, MA | 2,004 | Four years of severe drought from 1999 through 2003 led to unprecedented bark beetle activity in ponderosa and Jeffrey pine in the San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains of southern California. Pines in the San Bernardino Mountains also were heavily impacted by ozone and nitrogenous pollutants originating from urban ... | 0 |
694,816 | Interaction patterns of major air pollutants in Hong Kong territory | Lu, WZ; Wang, XK | 2,004 | Air pollution ina metropolitan city like Hong Kong is a major obstacle to improve air quality and living environment due to the high population density and the vehicle emission increases. The high air pollutant levels impose harm to the human health and impair the city image. The characteristic analysis of air pollutan... | 0 |
651,863 | Solar ultraviolet radiation as a trigger of cell signal transduction | Heck, DE; Gerecke, DR; Vetrano, AM; Laskin, JD | 2,004 | Ultraviolet light radiation in sunlight is known to cause major alterations in growth and differentiation patterns of exposed human tissues. The specific effects depend on the wavelengths and doses of the light, and the nature of the exposed tissue. Both growth inhibition and proliferation are observed, as well as infl... | 0 |
74,038 | Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota | Wardle, DA; Bardgett, RD; Klironomos, JN; Setala, H; Van Der Putten, WH; Wall, DH | 2,004 | All terrestrial ecosystems consist of aboveground and belowground components that interact to influence community- and ecosystem-level processes and properties. Here we show how these components are closely interlinked at the community level, reinforced by a greater degree of specificity between plants and soil organis... | 0 |
97,816 | The role of Toll-like receptor 4 in environmental airway injury in mice | Hollingsworth, JW; Cook, DN; Brass, DM; Walker, JKL; Morgan, DL; Foster, WM; Schwartz, DA | 2,004 | Inhalation of toxins commonly found in air pollution contributes to the development and progression of asthma and environmental airway injury. In this study, we investigated the requirement of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in mice for pulmonary responses to three environmental toxins: aerosolized lipopolysaccharide, part... | 1 |
53,592 | A case study of transpacific warm conveyor belt transport: the influence of merging airstreams on trace gas import to North America | Cooper, OR; Forster, C; Parrish, D; Trainer, M; Dunlea, E; Ryerson, T; Hubler, G; Fehsenfeld, F; Nicks, D; Holloway, J; De Gouw, J; Warneke, C; Roberts, JM; Flocke, F; Moody, J | 2,004 | The warm conveyor belt (WCB), the major cloud-forming airstream of midlatitude cyclones, is the primary mechanism for rapidly transporting air pollution from one continent to another. However, relatively little has been written on WCB transport across the North Pacific Ocean. To address this important intercontinental ... | 0 |
80,422 | Chemical and morphological characteristics of key tree species of the Carpathian Mountains | Mankovska, B; Godzik, B; Badea 0; Shparyk, Y; Moravcik, P | 2,004 | Concentrations of Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, P, S and Zn in the foliage of white fir (Abies alba), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and common beech (Fagus sylvatica) from 25 sites of the Carpathian Mts. forests (Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine) are discussed in a context of their limit value... | 0 |
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