REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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695,503 | Air pollution and the demand for hospital services: A review | Wilson, AM; Salloway, JC; Wake, CP; Kelly, T | 2,004 | Time-series studies published since 1993 on the association between short-term changes in air quality and use of hospital services, including both inpatient and emergency room use, are reviewed. The use of nonparametric analysis, often incorporating generalized additive models (GAMs), has increased greatly since the ea... | 0 |
57,762 | An evaluation of UV protection imparted by cotton fabrics dyed with natural colorants | Sarkar, AK | 2,004 | #Background
The ultraviolet properties of textiles dyed with synthetic dyes have been widely reported in literature. However, no study has investigated the ultraviolet properties of natural fabrics dyed with natural colorants. This study reports the Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) of cotton fabrics dyed with color... | 0 |
55,601 | Influence of outdoor aeroallergens on hospitalization for asthma in Canada | Dales, RE; Cakmak, S; Judek, S; Dann, T; Coates, F; Brook, JR; Burnett, RT | 2,004 | BACKGROUND: The risk of hospitalization for asthma caused by outdoor aeroallergens is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the association between changes in outdoor aeroallergens and hospitalizations for asthma from the Pacific coast to the Atlantic coast of Canada. METHODS: A daily... | 0 |
55,610 | Ozone and asthma [letter] | Donnay, A | 2,004 | null | 0 |
55,612 | Asthmatic disease among urban preschoolers: an observational study | Fritz, GJ; Herbarth, O | 2,004 | Asthma is of increasing concern especially in industrialized countries. This cross-sectional study was to assess the influence of spatial and temporal variations in the urban air pollution profile on asthmatic disease. The prevalences presented are based on physician-diagnosed asthmatic and allergic disease data, colle... | 0 |
55,092 | Modeling of atmospheric radiative transfer with polarization and its application to the remote sensing of tropospheric ozone | Jiang, YB; Yung, YL; Sander, SP; Travis, LD | 2,004 | Light reflected or transmitted by a planetary atmosphere contains information about particles and molecules in the atmosphere. Therefore, accurate modeling of the radiation field may be used to retrieve information on atmospheric composition. In this paper, a multi-layer model for a vertically inhomogeneous atmosphere ... | 0 |
57,062 | Postnatal remodeling of the neural components of the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit in the proximal airways of infant rhesus monkeys exposed to ozone and allergen | Larson, SD; Schelegle, ES; Walby, WF; Gershwin, LJ; Fanuccihi, MV; Evans, MJ; Joad, JP; Tarkington, BK; Hyde, DM; Plopper, CG | 2,004 | Nerves and neuroendocrine cells located within the airway epithelium are ideally situated to sample a changing airway environment, to transmit that information to the central nervous system, and to promote trophic interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cellular and acellular components. We tested the hypothesi... | 1 |
57,776 | A review of the 2004 air quality season over the Mid Atlantic Region [presentation] | Piety, C | 2,004 | null | 0 |
56,623 | New directions: A new generation of ozone critical levels for the protection of vegetation in Europe (correspondence) | Ashmore, M; Emberson, L; Karlsson, PE; Pleijel, H | 2,004 | N/A. | 1 |
399,328 | An investigation of inhaled ozone dose and the magnitude of airway inflammation in healthy adults: Supplementary materials | Mudway, IS; Kelly, FJ | 2,004 | Exposure to ozone has been associated in epidemiologic and field studies with a range of health outcomes: increased daily mortality; impaired lung function; and inflammation and epithelial injury in recreational runners and cyclists, as well as increased hospital admissions for preexisting respiratory disease. A biolog... | 1 |
56,584 | Determining the threshold effect of ozone on daily mortality: an analysis of ozone and mortality in Seoul, Korea, 1995-1999 | Kim, SY; Lee, JT; Hong, YC; Ahn, KJ; Kim, H | 2,004 | Many studies have shown a positive association between ambient ozone levels and mortality. Typically, these findings are based on models that assume a linear relationship between log mortality and ozone level. In this study, we adapted generalized additive models in which ozone effects are presumed to occur in three di... | 0 |
92,017 | Pre-industrial and contemporary fluxes of nitrogen through rivers: a global assessment based on typology | Green, PA; Vorosmarty, CJ; Meybeck, M; Galloway, JN; Peterson, BJ; Boyer, EW | 2,004 | This paper provides a global synthesis of reactive nitrogen (Nr) loading to the continental landmass and subsequent riverine nitrogen fluxes under a gradient of anthropogenic disturbance, from pre-industrial to contemporary. A mass balance model of nitrogen loading to the landmass is employed to account for transfers o... | 0 |
57,299 | An investigation of inhaled ozone dose and the magnitude of airway inflammation in healthy adults | Mudway, IS; Kelly, FJ | 2,004 | Exposure to ozone has been associated in epidemiologic and field studies with a range of health outcomes: increased daily mortality; impaired lung function; and inflammation and epithelial injury in recreational runners and cyclists, as well as increased hospital admissions for preexisting respiratory disease. A biolog... | 1 |
644,864 | Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness following exposure to ozone | Park, JW; Taube, C; Swasey, C; Kodama, T; Joetham, A; Balhorn, A; Takeda, K; Miyahara, N; Allen, CB; Dakhama, A; Kim, SH; Dinarello, CA; Gelfand, EW | 2,004 | The role of an interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) on the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation following acute O(3) exposure in mice was investigated. Exposure of C57/BL6 mice to O(3) at a concentration of 2.0 ppm or filtered air for 3 h resulted in increases in airway res... | 1 |
57,416 | Climate response to the increase in tropospheric ozone since preindustrial times: A comparison between ozone and equivalent CO2 forcings | Mickley, LJ; Jacob, DJ; Field, BD; Rind, D | 2,004 | We examine the characteristics of the climate response to anthropogenic changes in tropospheric ozone. Using a general circulation model, we have carried out a pair of equilibrium climate simulations with realistic present-day and preindustrial ozone distributions. We find that the instantaneous radiative forcing of 0.... | 1 |
72,738 | Air sampling of aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of ozone by solid-phase microextraction | Xiong, G; Koziel, JA; Pawliszyn, J | 2,004 | Effects of ozone on air sampling of standard gas mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons were tested using solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Standard concentrations of ozone ranging from 10 ppb (v/v) to 6400 ppm (v/v) were generated using an in-house built ozone generator based on corona discharge. Effects of temperature, ... | 0 |
55,600 | Gaseous air pollutants and asthma hospitalization of children with low household income in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada | Lin, M; Chen, Y; Villeneuve, PJ; Burnett, RT; Lemyre, L; Hertzman, C; McGrail, KM; Krewski, D | 2,004 | Associations of gaseous air pollutants (including carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone) with asthma hospitalization, stratified by sex and socioeconomic status, were examined among children 6-12 years of age in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, between 1987 and 1998. Relative risks for an exp... | 0 |
94,376 | Relationship between ambient air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases in Kaohsiung, Taiwan | Yang, CY; Chen, YS; Yang, CH; Ho, SC | 2,004 | This study was undertaken to determine whether there is an association between air pollutants levels and increased number of hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Hospital admissions records for CVD and ambient air contaminant data collected from monitoring station in Kaohsiung wer... | 1 |
632,803 | Editors can lead researchers to confidence intervals, but can't make them think: Statistical reform lessons from medicine | Fidler, F; Thomason, N; Cumming, G; Finch, S; Leeman, J | 2,004 | Since the mid-1980s, confidence intervals (CIs) have been standard in medical journals. We sought lessons for psychology from medicine's experience with statistical reform by investigating two attempts by Kenneth Rothman to change statistical practices. We examined 594 American Journal of Public Health (AJPH) articles ... | 0 |
196,413 | Prevalence of asthma and exhaled nitric oxide are increased in bleachery workers exposed to ozone | Olin, AC; Andersson, E; Andersson, M; Granung, G; Hagberg, S; Toren, K | 2,004 | The aims of the present study were to determine whether exposure to high peaks of ozone resulted in an increased prevalence of asthma or respiratory symptoms among bleachery workers and whether nitric oxide (NO) was elevated in the exhaled air of these workers. Bleachery workers (n=228) from three Swedish pulp mills wh... | 0 |
56,593 | DNA bulky adducts in a Mediterranean population correlate with environmental ozone concentration, an indicator of photochemical smog | Palli, D; Saieva, C; Grechi, D; Masala, G; Zanna, I; Barbaro, A; Decarli, A; Munnia, A; Peluso, M | 2,004 | 'Ozone (O3), the major oxidant component in photochemical smog, mostly derives from photolysis of nitrogen dioxide.O3 may have biologic effects directly and/or via free radicals reacting with other primary pollutants and has been reported to influence daily mortality and to increase lung cancer risk Although DNA damag... | 0 |
57,284 | [Email with attachments to Jee Young Kim regarding revised ozone risk estimates for daily mortality and hospitalizations in Detroit, Michigan] | Ito, K | 2,004 | null | 0 |
93,249 | Acute effects of particulate matter on respiratory diseases, symptoms and functions: Epidemiological results of the Austrian Projects on Health Effects of Particulate Matter (AUPHEP) | Neuberger, M; Schimek, MG; Horak, F, Jr; Moshammer, H; Kundi, M; Frischer, T; Gomiscek, B; Puxbaum, H; Hauck, H; AUPHEP-Team | 2,004 | #To examine hypotheses regarding health effects of particulate matter, we conducted time series studies in Austrian urban and rural areas. Of the pollutants measured, ambient PM2.5 was most consistently associated with parameters of respiratory health. Time series studies applying semiparametric generalized additive mo... | 1 |
651,864 | Favre-Racouchot disease provoked by UV-A1 and UV-B exposure | Hedelund, L
Wulf, H | 2,004 | null | 0 |
778,754 | Radiative forcing from aircraft NO emissions: Mechanisms and seasonal dependence | Stevenson, DS | 2,004 | [1] A chemistry-climate model has been applied to study the radiative forcings generated by aircraft NOx emissions through changes in ozone and methane. Four numerical experiments, where an extra pulse of aircraft NOx was emitted into the model atmosphere for a single month ( January, April, July, or October), were com... | 1 |
694,844 | Predicted health impacts of urban air quality management | Mindell, J; Joffe, M | 2,004 | Study objective: The 1995 UK Environment Act required local authorities to review air quality and, where UK National Air Quality Strategy objectives (except ozone) are likely to be exceeded in 2005, to declare local air quality management areas and prepare action plans. This study modelled the impacts on health of redu... | 0 |
54,571 | Interfacial phospholipids inhibit ozone reactive absorption-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro | Connor, LM; Ballinger, CA; Albrecht, TB; Postlethwait, EM | 2,004 | The intrapulmonary distribution of inhaled ozone (O3) and induction of site specific cell injury are related to complex interactions among airflow patterns, local gas phase concentrations, and the rates of O3 flux into and reaction/diffusion within the epithelial lining fluid (ELF). Recent studies demonstrated that int... | 1 |
50,409 | A pilot study using scripted ventilation conditions to identify key factors affecting indoor pollutant concentrations and air exchange rate in a residence | Johnson, T; Myers, J; Kelly, T; Wisbith, A; Ollison, W | 2,004 | A pilot study was conducted using an occupied, single-family test house in Columbus, Ohio, to determine whether a script-based protocol could be used to obtain data useful in identifying the key factors affecting air exchange rate (AER) and the relationship between indoor and outdoor concentrations of selected traffic-... | 0 |
195,325 | Mechanical and aging properties of cross-linked ethylene propylene diene rubber styrene butadiene rubber blends | Nair, TM; Kumaran, MG; Unnikrishnan, G | 2,004 | The mechanical properties and aging characteristics of blends of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) were investigated with special reference to the effect of blend ratio and cross-linking systems. Among the blends, the one with 80/20 EPDM/SBR has been found to exhibit the ... | 0 |
72,699 | Observed and modeled VOC chemistry under high VOC/NOx conditions in the Southeast United States national parks | Kang, D; Aneja, VP; Mathur, R; Ray, JD | 2,004 | In airsheds that contain high volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and low NOx (=NO+NO2) concentrations, ozone (O3) production may be significantly suppressed by NOx reactions that lead to the formation of organic nitrates. O3 and its precursors (VOCs and NOx) ambient levels simulated using a regional-scale photochemical ... | 0 |
72,710 | Oxidized nitrogen and ozone interaction with forests II: multi-layer process-oriented modelling results and a sensitivity study for Douglas fir | Duyzer, JH; Dorsey, JR; Gallagher, MW; Pilegaard, K; Walton, S | 2,004 | An existing process-oriented multi-layer canopy model is applied to data from an intensive NO(x) and O(3) surface exchange experiment, and a sensitivity study is conducted. The canopy was a mature 22.5 m Douglas fir stand.
<br>
<br>Comparison of measured data and model results shows that the model represents the concen... | 0 |
195,772 | Effect of soft-segment chemistry on polyurethane biostability during in vitro fatigue loading | Wiggins, MJ; MacEwan, M; Anderson, JM; Hiltner, A | 2,004 | The effect of soft-segment chemistry on biostability of polyurethane elastomers was studied with a diaphragm-type film specimen under conditions of static and dynamic loading. During testing, the films were exposed to an H2O2/CoCl2 solution, which simulated the oxidative component of the in vivo environment. Films trea... | 0 |
195,322 | Mechanical properties of high-strength carbon fibres. Validation of an end-effect model for describing experimental data | Montes-Moran, MA; Gauthier, W; Martinez-Alonso, A; Tascon, JMD | 2,004 | The present contribution deals with the use of different models accounting for the mechanical response of high-strength (HT) carbon fibres. In particular, analytical models based on Weibull type of statistical distributions will be employed to analyse the dependence of the strength of carbon fibres on length. This depe... | 0 |
137,391 | Regional, three-dimensional assessment of the ozone formation potential of organic compounds | Hakami, A; Harley, RA; Milford, JB; Odman, MT; Russell, AG | 2,004 | A direct sensitivity analysis technique was used for three-dimensional atmospheric ozone formation potential (also termed reactivity) assessment in central California. Spatially and temporally resolved absolute and relative reactivities of 31 organic compounds and CO were calculated. In order to compare different speci... | 0 |
2,462,031 | Regional variation in epiphytic macrolichen communities in northern and central California forests | Jovan, S; Mccune, B | 2,004 | We studied epiphytic macrolichen communities in northern and central California to 1) describe how gradients in community composition relate to climate, topography, and stand structure and 2) define subregions of relatively homogeneous lichen communities and environmental conditions. Non-metric multidimensional scaling... | 0 |
651,830 | Vitamin D status of middle-aged women at 65-71 degrees N in relation to dietary intake and exposure to ultraviolet radiation | Brustad, M; Alsaker, E; Engelsen, O; Aksnes, L; Lund, E | 2,004 | OBJECTIVE: To determine the vitamin D status of middle-aged women living in the Norwegian arctic and its relationship with vitamin D intake and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: This study is based on measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in a su... | 0 |
644,780 | Metabolism of P2 receptor agonists in human airways: Implications for mucociliary clearance and cystic fibrosis | Picher, M; Burch, LH; Boucher, RC | 2,004 | Extracellular nucleotides are among the most potent mediators of mucociliary clearance (MCC) in human lungs. However, clinical trials revealed that aerosolized nucleotides provide only a transient improvement of MCC to patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study, we identified the mechanism that elimina... | 1 |
57,234 | Pressure and temperature-dependent quantum yields for the photodissociation of acetone between 279 and 3275 nm | Blitz, MA; Heard, DE; Pilling, MJ; Arnold, SR; Chipperfield, MP | 2,004 | null | 0 |
87,925 | Association between air pollution exposure and exhaled nitric oxide in an elderly population | Adamkiewicz, G; Ebelt, S; Syring, M; Slater, J; Speizer, FE; Schwartz, J; Suh, H; Gold, DR | 2,004 | BACKGROUND: Animal models suggest that the cardiovascular effects of air pollution result in part from inflammation caused by proinflammatory mediators originating in the lung. In a human study of the cardiovascular effects of air pollution, we aimed to evaluate the potential association between air pollution levels an... | 1 |
90,241 | Soil emissions of nitric oxide in two forest watersheds subjected to elevated N inputs | Venterea, RT; Groffman, PM; Castro, MS; Verchot, LV; Fernandez, IJ; Adams, MB | 2,004 | #The production of nitric oxide (NO) in forest soils can indicate that the ecosystem is progressing toward a state of nitrogen (N) saturation. Soil NO emissions may also have impacts on local tropospheric ozone (03) levels. During 2000-2001, we made first-time measurements of NO emissions in two paired watershed studie... | 0 |
87,368 | All I need is the air that I breath: outdoor air quality and asthma | Graham, LM | 2,004 | In recent years, developing insight into the pathophysiology of asthma and advances in asthma management have been substantial. Despite these advancements, asthma remains a significant health problem in the paediatric population. In the USA, the prevalence of asthma in children under 18 years of age is estimated at 7% ... | 0 |
56,799 | Sensitivity of regional ozone concentrations to temporal distribution of emissions | Tao, Z; Larson, SM; Williams, A; Caughey, M; Wuebbles, DJ | 2,004 | #Temporal representations of emissions bear large uncertainty. Before any costly efforts are undertaken to improve the accuracy of temporal emission profiles, however, the impact of their uncertainty on predictions of surface O3 concentrations should be examined. In this study, a 3-D air quality modeling system was use... | 0 |
55,608 | Long- and medium-term ozone effects on lung growth including a broad spectrum of exposure | Ihorst, G; Frischer, T; Horak, F; Schumacher, M; Kopp, M; Forster, J; Mattes, J; Kuehr, J | 2,004 | The effects of semi-annual and 3.5 yr mean ozone (O3) concentrations on children's forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were assessed over a study period of 3.5 yrs in 2,153 schoolchildren from 15 study sites in South Western Germany and Lower Austria. Spirometric parameters wer... | 1 |
699,973 | Averting behavior with respect to ozone alerts: Do parents respond? [Unpublished] | Mansfield, C; Van Houtven, G; Johnson, FR; Yang, JC | 2,004 | null | 0 |
55,609 | Chronic effects of ozone in children | Sunyer, J | 2,004 | #In summary, Ihorst et al. have initiated epidemiological research into the persistent effects of ozone levels on lung-function growth, which is highly relevant from both public health and clinical perspectives. Further epidemiological studies need to follow this path, incorporating the new advances provided by investi... | 0 |
57,312 | Air pollution and lung function [letter] | Tetrault, GA | 2,004 | N/A. | 0 |
58,608 | Formation of secondary organic aerosols through photooxidation of isoprene | Claeys, M; Graham, B; Vas, G; Wang, W; Vermeylen, R; Pashynska, V; Cafmeyer, J; Guyon, P; Andreae, MO; Artaxo, P; Maenhaut, W | 2,004 | Detailed organic analysis of natural aerosols from the Amazonian rain forest showed considerable quantities of previously unobserved polar organic compounds, which were identified as a mixture of two diastereoisomeric 2-methyltetrols: 2-methylthreitol and 2-methylerythritol. These polyols, which have the isoprene skele... | 0 |
92,505 | Atmospheric corrosion of nickel in various outdoor environments | Jouen, S; Jean, M; Hannoyer, B | 2,004 | As part of a field exposure program in the north-west of France on atmospheric corrosion of metal and alloys, this study presents the results of the behaviour of nickel panels exposed in industrial, urban and rural atmospheres. Mass measurements were investigated during the exposure and adherent corrosion layers were f... | 0 |
55,624 | Effect of ambient air pollution on pulmonary exacerbations and lung function in cystic fibrosis | Goss, CH; Newsom, SA; Schildcrout, JS; Sheppard, L; Kaufman, JD | 2,004 | Information concerning the impact of environmental factors on cystic fibrosis (CF) is limited. We conducted a cohort study to assess the impact of air pollutants in CF. The study included patients over the age of 6 years enrolled in the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation National Patient Registry in 1999 and 2000. Exposure was... | 1 |
57,252 | Analysis of the atmospheric distribution, sources, and sinks of oxygenated volatile organic chemicals based on measurements over the Pacific during TRACE-P | Singh, HB; Salas, LJ; Chatfield, RB; Czech, E; Fried, A; Walega, J; Evans, MJ; Field, BD; Jacob, DJ; Blake, D; Heikes, B; Talbot, R; Sachse, G; Crawford, JH; Avery, MA; Sandholm, S; Fuelberg, H | 2,004 | Airborne measurements of a large number of oxygenated volatile organic chemicals (OVOC) were carried out in the Pacific troposphere (0.1-12 km) in winter/spring of 2001 ( 24 February to 10 April). Specifically, these measurements included acetone (CH3COCH3), methylethyl ketone (CH3COC2H5, MEK), methanol (CH3OH), ethano... | 0 |
53,082 | Genetic differences of Pinus ponderosa (Dougl Ex Laws) trees tolerant and sensitive to ozone | Staszak, J; Grulke, NE; Prus-Glowacki, W | 2,004 | Pinus Ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. one of the most sensitive conifers in western North America to tropospheric ozone, and as such, serves as a model for ozone-phytotoxic effects in forest species. In this paper, we demonstrate differences in level of genetic variation and frequencies of some alleles and genotypes between ... | 0 |
86,283 | Testing for Poisson zero inflation in disease mapping | Ugarte, MD; Ibanez, B; Militino, AF | 2,004 | null | 0 |
57,415 | Radiative forcing of tropospheric ozone | Evans, WFJ; Ferguson, CR; Puckrin, E | 2,004 | null | 0 |
20,581 | Differential responses of G-protein Arabidopsis thaliana mutants to ozone | Booker, FL; Burkey, KO; Overmyer, K; Jones, AM | 2,004 | Summary
* Ground-level ozone (O3) curtails agricultural production in many regions world-wide. However, the etiology of O3 toxicity remains unclear. Activated oxygen species appear to inflict biochemical lesions and propagate defense responses that compound plant injury. Because some plant defense responses involve mem... | 1 |
195,266 | Bleaching and photodegradation of textile dyes by H2O2 and solar or ultraviolet radiation | Costa, FAP; dos Reis, EM; Azevedo, JCR; Nozaki, J | 2,004 | The photooxidation of textile dyes Yellow Procion H-4R, Bright Blue Remazol (blue reagent-19), Red Procion H-E7B, and the mixture of the two last dyes were investigated. The efficiency of photooxidation were compared using hydrogen peroxide (30%) as a bleaching reagent, solar and ultraviolet radiation, common glass bor... | 0 |
57,247 | Ozone production in transpacific Asian pollution plumes and implications for ozone air quality in California | Hudman, RC; Jacob, DJ; Cooper, OR; Evans, MJ; Heald, CL; Park, RJ; Fehsenfeld, F; Flocke, F; Holloway, J; Hubler, G; Kita, K; Koike, M; Kondo, Y; Neuman, A; Nowak, J; Oltmans, S; Parrish, D; Roberts, JM; Ryerson, T | 2,004 | We examine the ozone production efficiency in transpacific Asian pollution plumes, and the implications for ozone air quality in California, by using aircraft and surface observations in ApriluMay 2002 from the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) campaign off the California coast and ... | 0 |
195,271 | Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye acid red 14 in water on ZnO as an alternative catalyst to TiO2 | Daneshvar, N; Salari, D; Khataee, AR | 2,004 | The degradation of acid red 14 (AR14), commonly used as a textile dye, can be photocatalysed by ZnO. Using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), zinc oxide appears to be a suitable alternative to TiO2 for water treatment. In this study, a detailed investigation of photocatalytic degradation of acid red 14 is presented. ... | 0 |
72,743 | A photometric method for ozone determination using alizarin violet | Baijnath, Y; Vasam, C; Jonnalagadda, SB | 2,004 | A photometric method for on-line determination of ozone is reported based on the reaction of alizarin violet with ozone at basic pH 10. The method is applied to determine the concentrations of ozone generated using an ozonizer and is compared with iodide method as guide lined by the International Ozone Association. Ali... | 0 |
57,558 | UV radiation exposure related to age, sex, occupation, and sun behavior based on time-stamped personal dosimeter readings | Thieden, E; Philipsen, PA; Heydenreich, J; Wulf, HC | 2,004 | Objective: To assess individual time-related (timestamped) UV radiation (UVR) dose pattern and sun exposure behavior. Design: Open prospective observational study. Setting: University hospital. Study Subjects: Two hundred eighty-five Danish volunteers with apparently healthy skin: children, adolescents, indoor workers,... | 0 |
694,785 | Trends and scenarios of ground-level ozone concentrations in Finland | Laurila, T; Tuovinen, JP; Tarvainen, V; Simpson, D | 2,004 | This paper presents an overview of the changes in ground-level ozone and vegetation exposure occurring in Finland, both as observed in the recent decade, and as estimated for the period 1900 to 2100. A trend analysis of ozone and total nitrate concentrations is carried out for the 1989-2001 period. Future and past conc... | 0 |
55,598 | Effect of PM10 pollution in Bangkok on children with and without asthma | Preutthipan, A; Udomsubpayakul, U; Chaisupamongkollarp, T; Pentamwa, P | 2,004 | This study aimed to investigate the effects of PM10 concentrations exceeding the Thai national standard (24-hr average, >120 microg/m3) on daily reported respiratory symptoms and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of schoolchildren with and without asthma in Bangkok. The 93 asthmatic and 40 nonasthmatic schoolchildren we... | 0 |
56,612 | Measurements of ozone removal by Scots pine shoots: calibration of a stomatal uptake model including the non-stomatal component | Altimir, N; Tuovinen, JP; Vesala, T; Kulmala, M; Hari, P | 2,004 | #The calculation of ozone uptake to vegetation requires the determination of both the stomatal uptake and the non-stomatal sinks. This paper analyses the relative contribution of stomatal and non-stomatal sinks at the shoot level based on direct measurements of ozone flux that included both components. Ozone deposition... | 0 |
56,128 | Ozone-induced acute pulmonary injury in inbred mouse strains | Savov, JD; Whitehead, GS; Wang, J; Liao, G; Usuka, J; Peltz, G; Foster, WM; Schwartz, DA | 2,004 | To determine if host factors influence the time course and extent of lung injury after acute inhalation of ozone (O3), we evaluated the physiologic and biologic response of nine genetically diverse inbred strains of mice (C575L/6J, 129/Svlm, BTBR, BALB/cJ, DBA/2J, A/J, FVB/NJ, CAST/Ei, and C3H/HeJ) exposed to O3 (2.0 p... | 0 |
694,759 | Changes in eye blink frequency as a measure of trigeminal stimulation by exposure to limonene oxidation products, isoprene oxidation products and nitrate radicals | Kleno, J; Wolkoff, P | 2,004 | Objectives. To measure eye blink frequency as a measure of trigeminal stimulation of the eye. Human subjects were exposed to oxidation mixtures representative of reactive indoor pollutants and clean air, from which relative changes in blink frequencies were measured. Method. Male subjects (n=8) were exposed for 20 min ... | 0 |
25,033 | Spatial variability of PM2.5 in urban areas in the United States | Pinto, JP; Lefohn, AS; Shadwick, DS | 2,004 | Data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Aerometric Information Retrieval System (now known as the Air Quality System) database for 1999 and 2000 have been used to characterize the spatial variability of concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 Ag (PM2.5) in 27 urban areas across ... | 1 |
44,222 | Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular emergency department visits | Metzger, KB; Tolbert, PE; Klein, M; Peel, JL; Flanders, WD; Todd, KH; Mulholland, JA; Ryan, PB; Frumkin, H | 2,004 | Background: Despite evidence supporting an association between ambient air pollutants and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the roles of the physicochemical components of particulate matter (PM) and copollutants are not fully understood. This time-series study examined the relation between ambient air pollution and cardiov... | 1 |
89,381 | Space-based diagnosis of surface ozone sensitivity to anthropogenic emissions | Martin, RV; Fiore, AM; Van Donkelaar, A | 2,004 | We present a novel capability in satellite remote sensing with implications for air pollution control strategy. We show that the ratio of formaldehyde columns to tropospheric nitrogen dioxide columns is an indicator of the relative sensitivity of surface ozone to emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and volati... | 1 |
53,770 | High contribution of biogenic hydroperoxides to secondary organic aerosol formation | Bonn, B; Von Kuhlmann, R; Lawrence, MG | 2,004 | Secondary organic aerosols are believed to make an important contribution to the atmospheric radiation budget, though the exact mechanisms responsible for their formation are still uncertain. We compute a remarkably large contribution of hydroperoxides from the oxidation of biogenic monoterpenes. Although currently neg... | 1 |
631,178 | Contribution of regional pollution and long-range transport to the Asia-Pacific region: Analysis of long-term ozonesonde data over Japan | Naja, M; Akimoto, H | 2,004 | Long-term (1970?2002) ozonesonde data from four sites in Japan (Sapporo, Tsukuba, Kagoshima, and Naha) have been analyzed using a sectoral air mass classification based on back air trajectories. Air masses from ?regionally polluted,? ?Eurasia,? Pacific, and Japan regions are tagged with daily ozone values at each of th... | 1 |
95,488 | Ozone symptoms in leaves of woody plants in open-top chambers: Ultrastructural and physiological characteristics | Gravano, E; Bussotti, F; Strasser, RJ; Schaub, M; Novak, K; Skelly, J; Tani, C | 2,004 | This study was carried out in the summer of 2001 at the Lattecaldo open-top chamber research facility (Canton Ticino, southern Switzerland). The aim of this research study was to examine the behaviour of Fraxinus excelsior, Prunus avium and Viburnum lantana seedlings grown in charcoal-filtered (CF) (~ 50% of the ambien... | 0 |
677,471 | Mapping critical levels for vegetation | null | 2,004 | null | 1 |
56,620 | New critical levels for ozone effects on young trees based on AOT40 and simulated cumulative leaf uptake of ozone | Karlsson, PE; Uddling, J; Braun, S; Broadmeadow, M; Elvira, S; Gimeno, BS; Le Thiec, D; Okansen, E; Vandermeiren, K; Wilkinson, M; Emberson, L | 2,004 | Leaf or needle ozone uptake was estimated for young trees at seven experimental sites across Europe using a stomatal conductance simulation model. Doseuresponse relationships based on cumulative leaf uptake of ozone (CUO) were calculated using different hourly ozone flux thresholds and these were compared to doseurespo... | 1 |
56,611 | Testing and improving the EMEP ozone deposition module | Tuovinen, JP; Ashmore, MR; Emberson, LD; Simpson, D | 2,004 | #This study evaluates the ozone deposition module developed for the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme photochemical transport model. The module allows an estimation of both total and stomatal ozone flux to different vegetation types, taking into account plant phenology and environmental conditions. Based on ... | 0 |
186,927 | Effects of ozone on net primary production and carbon sequestration in the conterminous United States using a biogeochemistry model | Felzer, B; Kicklighter, D; Melillo, J; Wang, C; Xhuang, Q; Prinn, R | 2,004 | The effects of air pollution on vegetation may provide an important control on the carbon cycle that has not yet been widely considered. Prolonged exposure to high levels of ozone, in particular, has been observed to inhibit photosynthesis by direct cellular damage within the leaves and through possible changes in stom... | 1 |
782,682 | Summertime ozone at Mount Washington: Meteorological controls at the highest peak in the northeast | Fischer, EV | 2,004 | This study examined the synoptic and regional-scale meteorological controls on summertime O-3 at Mount Washington, the highest peak (1910 m) in the northeastern United States. Analysis of air mass transport to Mount Washington was conducted for the summers of 1998-2003 using backward trajectories. Distinct patterns in ... | 1 |
55,350 | Toward an ozone standard to protect vegetation based on effective dose: A review of deposition resistances and a possible metric | Massman, WJ | 2,004 | Present air quality standards to protect vegetation from ozone are based on measured concentrations (i.e., exposure) rather than on plant uptake rates (or dose). Some familiar cumulative exposure-based indices include SUM06, AOT40, and W126. However, plant injury is more closely related to dose, or more appropriately t... | 1 |
57,187 | Guidelines on limits of exposure to ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths between 180 nm and 400 nm (incoherent optical radiation) | null | 2,004 | N/A. | 1 |
190,423 | On the future of carbonaceous aerosol emissions | Streets, D; Bond, T; Lee, T; Jang, C | 2,004 | This paper presents the first model-based forecasts of future emissions of the primary carbonaceous aerosols, black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC). The forecasts build on a recent 1996 inventory of emissions that contains detailed fuel, technology, sector, and world-region specifications. The forecasts are driven ... | 1 |
79,138 | Combined effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on soybean whole-plant water use | Booker, FL; Fiscus, EL; Miller, JE | 2,004 | Increasing concentrations of atmospheric trace gases such CO2 and O3 might affect agricultural crop productivity in as yet unforeseen ways. A critical issue is how changes in these trace gas concentrations will affect agricultural hydrologic cycles. In order to address part of this question, a study was undertaken to t... | 1 |
57,232 | Reconstruction of erythemal UV irradiance and dose at Hohenpeissenberg (1968-2001) considering trends of total ozone, cloudiness and turbidity | Trepte, S; Winkler, P | 2,004 | Erythemal ultraviolet (UV) doses reaching the earths surface depend in a complex manner on the amount of total ozone, cloud cover, cloud type and the structure of the cloud field. A statistical model was developed allowing the reconstruction of UV from measured total ozone and a cloud modification factor (CMF) for the ... | 0 |
626,467 | Stucture of the pheromone communication channel in moths | Carde, RT; Haynes, KF | 2,004 | null | 1 |
179,978 | Characterizing distributions of surface ozone and its impact on grain production in China, Japan and South Korea: 1990 and 2020 | Wang, X; Mauzerall, DL | 2,004 | Using an integrated assessment approach, we evaluate the impact that surface O3 in East Asia had on agricultural
production in 1990 and is projected to have in 2020. We also examine the effect that emission controls and the
enforcement of environmental standards could have in increasing grain production in China. We fi... | 1 |
87,780 | Impact of Asian emissions on observations at Trinidad Head, California, during ITCT 2K2 | Goldstein, AH; Millet, DB; Mckay, M; Jaegle, L; Horowitz, L; Cooper, O; Hudman, R; Jacob, DJ; Oltmans, S; Clarke, A | 2,004 | Field measurements of a wide suite of trace gases and aerosols were carried out during April and May 2002, along with extensive chemical transport modeling, as part of the NOAA Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation study. Here, we use a combination of in-situ ground-based measurements from Trinidad Hea... | 1 |
56,606 | On the response of two populations of Quercus coccifera to ozone and its relationship with ozone uptake | Elvira, S; Bermejo, V; Manrique, E; Gimeno, BS | 2,004 | Ozone (O3) effects on the growth and gas exchange-related parameters of two ecotypes of Quercus coccifera L. presenting different traits in the field were assessed during a 2-years exposure experiment. One-year-old seedlings grown from the acorns collected at a rock (rock ecotype) or at a well-developed soil (garrigue ... | 0 |
57,310 | Air pollution and lung function [letter] | Lockwood, AH | 2,004 | N/A. | 0 |
56,625 | New directions: Recent research findings may change ozone control policies | Grennfelt, P | 2,004 | N/A. | 1 |
55,016 | Spectral properties of backscattered UV radiation in cloudy atmospheres | Ahmad, Z; Bhartia, PK; Krotkov, N | 2,004 | We use a Plane-Parallel Cloud (PPC) model to illustrate how Mie scattering from cloud particles interacts with Rayleigh scattering in the atmosphere and produces a complex wavelength dependence in the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance smeasured by satellite instruments that operate in the ultraviolet (UV) part of... | 0 |
631,182 | Significant growth in surface ozone at Mace Head, Ireland, 1987-2003 | Simmonds, PG; Derwent, RG; Manning, AL; Spain, G | 2,004 | Background ozone O3 observations at Mace Head on the west coast of Ireland since 1987 show a significant positive trend of 0.49?0.19 ppb year^(-1) through to 2003. Increasing trends are observed for all seasons, with the largest trends during the winter season, 0.63?0.31 ppb year^(-1) and the smallest trends during th... | 1 |
79,201 | Leaf photosynthesis and carbohydrate dynamics of soybean grown throughout their life-cycle under free-air carbon dioxide enrichment | Rogers, A; Allen, DJ; Davey, PA; Morgan, PB; Ainsworth, EA; Bernacchi, CJ; Cornic, G; Dermody, OC; Dohleman, FG; Heaton, EA; Mahoney, J; Zhu, XG; Delucia, EH; Ort, DR; Long, SP | 2,004 | null | 1 |
75,847 | The impact of tropospheric O3 on leaf number duration and tuber yield of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L) cultivars Bintje and Kardal | Piikki, K; Sellden, G; Pleijel, H | 2,004 | Ozone (O3) is a major phytotoxic air pollutant with the potential to cause severe yield losses in potato (Solanum tubersosum L.) and in other crops. The present study was aimed (i) to investigate the O3 sensitivity of two potato cultivars (Bintje and Kardal) in relation to their earliness in maturation, and (ii) to ana... | 0 |
80,375 | Growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in relation to different ozone exposure indices: A synthesis | Skarby, L; Ottosson, S; Karlsson, PE; Wallina, G; Sellden, G; Medina, EL; Pleijel, H | 2,004 | In the Goteborg Ozone-Spruce Project (GOSP), two independent open-top chamber experiments were conducted during four growing seasons, using one clone of Norway spruce (Picea abies). The experiments tested the impact of ozone, alone and in combination with low phosphorus supply and in combination with drought stress, re... | 1 |
80,691 | Measurement of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs) during the ITCT 2K2 aircraft intensive experiment | Roberts, JM; Flocke, F; Chen, G; De Gouw, J; Holloway, JS; Hubler, G; Neuman, JA; Nicks, DK, Jr; Nowak, JB; Parrish, DD; Ryerson, TB; Sueper, DT; Warneke, C; Fehsenfeld, FC | 2,004 | Measurements of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs), peroxyacetic nitric anhydride (CH3C(O) OONO2; PAN), and peroxypropionic nitric anhydride (CH3CH2C(O) OONO2; PPN) were made in the spring of 2002, off the west coast of North America, as part of the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (IT... | 0 |
87,659 | Simulating the formation of secondary organic aerosol from the photooxidation of toluene | Johnson, D; Jenkin, ME; Wirtz, K; Martin-Riviejo, M | 2,004 | The formation and composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the gas-phase photooxidation of toluene has been simulated using the Master Chemical Mechanism version 3.1 (MCM v3.1) coupled to a representation of the transfer of organic material from the gas phase to a particle phase. The mechanism was tested aga... | 1 |
95,657 | Aerosol-chamber study of the "alpha"-pinene/O3 reaction: influence of particle acidity on aerosol yields and products | Iinuma, Y; Boge, O; Gnauk, T; Herrmann, H | 2,004 | "alpha"-Pinene ozonolysis was carried out in the presence of ammonium sulfate or sulfuric acid seed particles in a 9 m3 Teflon chamber at the mixing ratios of 100 ppbv for a-pinene and about 70 ppbv for ozone. The evolution of size distribution was measured by means of a differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS). The... | 0 |
190,598 | Characterizing the annual-mean climatic effect of anthropogenic CO2 and aerosol emissions in eight coupled atmosphere-ocean GCMs | Harvey, LDD | 2,004 | This work examines the spatial patterns of the transient response of mean annual temperature and precipitation to CO2 (or CO2 plus aerosol or aerosol proxy) radiative forcing in eight coupled AOGCMs, generally for the period 1900-2099. Response patterns are characterized using empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) and ... | 1 |
38,000 | Mechanisms underlying the amelioration of O3-induced damage by elevated atmospheric concentrations of CO2 | Cardoso-Vilhena, J; Balaguer, L; Eamus, D; Ollerenshaw, J; Barnes, J | 2,004 | There is growing evidence that rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations will reduce or prevent reductions in the growth and productivity of C3 crops attributable to ozone (O3) pollution. In this study, the role of pollutant exclusion in mediating this response was investigated through growth chamber-based investigations ... | 0 |
52,228 | Airborne characterization of the chemical, optical, and meteorological properties, and origins of a combined ozone-haze episode over the eastern United States | Taubman, BF; Marufu, LT; Piety, CA; Doddridge, BG; Stehr, JW; Dickerson, RR | 2,004 | Airborne observations of trace gases, particle size distributions, and particle optical properties were made during a constant altitude transect from New Hampshire to Maryland on 14 August 2002, the final day of a multiday haze and ozone (O3) episode over the Mid-Atlantic and northeastern United States. These observati... | 1 |
74,334 | Divergent pheromone-mediated insect behaviour under global atmospheric change | Mondor, EB; Tremblay, MN; Awmack, CS; Lindroth, RL | 2,004 | While the effects of global atmospheric changes on vegetation and resulting insect populations('bottom-up interactions') are being increasingly studied, how these gases modify interactions among insects and their natural enemies ('top-down interactions') is less clear. As natural enemy efficacy is governed largely by b... | 1 |
80,092 | Photosynthesis, carboxylation and leaf nitrogen responses of 16 species to elevated pCO2 across four free-air CO2 enrichment experiments in forest, grassland and desert | Ellsworth, DS; Reich, PB; Naumburg, ES; Koch, GW; Kubiske, ME; Smith, SD | 2,004 | The magnitude of changes in carboxylation capacity in dominant plant species under long-term elevated CO2 exposure (elevated pCa) directly impacts ecosystem CO2 assimilation from the atmosphere. We analyzed field CO2 response curves of 16 C3 species of different plant growth forms in favorable growth conditions in four... | 1 |
143,663 | Simulation of sea-land breezes and a discussion of their implications on the transport of air pollution during a multi-day ozone episode in the Pearl River Delta of China | Ding, A; Zhao, M; Wang, T; Li, Z | 2,004 | null | 0 |
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