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1
43,892
Effects of open-top chamber fumigations with ozone on three fungal leaf diseases of wheat and the mycoflora of the phyllosphere
von Tiedemann, AV; Weigel, HJ; Jager, HJ
1,991
Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Turbo) was exposed in open-top chambers to six different ozone levels (8-h daily means from 12?4 to 122 ?g m?3), to non-filtered air and to chamberless field conditions for 31 days from seedling stage through ear emergence. Powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f.sp. tritici March...
0
43,126
Single and interactive effects of low levels of O3, SO2 and NO2 on the growth and yield of spring rape
Adaros, G; Weigel, HJ; Jager, HJ
1,991
During three consecutive seasons (1987-1989), the effects of low-levels of O3, SO2 and NO2 singly and in all possible combinations (NO2 in 1988 and 1989 only) on growth and yield of potted plants of spring rape (Brassica napus L. var. napus, 'callypso') were investigated by means of factorial fumigation experiments in ...
0
42,435
Ozone and health
Godlee, F
1,991
null
0
42,431
Rethinking the ozone standard
Fairley, D; Blanchard, CL
1,991
null
0
42,894
Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds
Carter, WPL
1,991
Methods for developing a numerical scale ranking reactivities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) towards ozone formation were investigated. Effects of small VOC additions on ozone formation (incremental reactivities) were calculated for 140 types of VOCs in model scenarios representing a variety of single-day polluti...
0
38,053
Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma
null
1,991
U.S. Department of Health and Human Sevices.FOREWORD. Asthma morbidity and mortality are on the rise. From 1980 to1987, the prevalence rate of asthma inthe United States increased 29 percent, and death rates for asthma as the first-listed diagnosis increased 31 percent. In 1988, asthma-related health care expenditures ...
0
44,118
Technical assistance document for sampling and analysis ozone precursors
null
1,991
null
0
41,775
Alterations in pulmonary function parameters during exposure to 80 ppb ozone for 66 hours in healthy middle aged individuals
Horvath, SM; Bedi, JF; Drechsler-Parks, DM; Williams, RE
1,991
null
0
43,999
Formation of ring-retaining products from the OH radical-initiated reactions of o-, m-, and p-xylene
Atkinson, R; Aschmann, SM; Arey, J
1,991
The ring-retaining products formed from the OH radical-initiated reactions of o-, m-, and p-xylene in the presence of NOx have been identified and their formation yields determined. Experiments were carried out at 298 ? 2 K and in the presence of 740 torr total pressure of air. The products observed, and their yields, ...
0
42,961
Sources of fine organic aerosol 1 Charbroilers and meat cooking operations
Rogge, WF; Hildemann, LM; Mazurek, MA; Cass, GR; Simoneit, BRT
1,991
California Air Resources Board; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; South Coast Air Quality Management District; U.S. Department of Energy. #Meat cooking operations are a major source of organic aerosol emissions to the urban atmosphere, comprising up to 21% of the primary fine organic carbon particle emissions in th...
0
42,394
Effects of 07 ppm ozone exposure on thymocytes: In vivo and in vitro studies
Li AF-Y; Richters, A
1,991
Inhalation of ozone has adverse effects on lung and other organs including the thymus, the main source of T-lymphocytes that play a central role in cellular immunity. We analyzed the effects of inhalation of ozone on different subpopulations of thymocytes to uncover the possible mechanisms for ozone action on the thymu...
0
42,878
Kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of the NO3 radical with organic compounds
Atkinson, R
1,991
A substantial data base concerning the rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of the nitrate (NO3) radical with organic compounds is now available, with rate constants having been determined using both absolute and relative rate methods. To date, the majority of these kinetic data have been obtained at room tempera...
0
43,014
Modeling plant response to tropospheric ozone: a critical review
Kickert, RN; Krupa, SV
1,991
The advantages and disadvantages, benefits and limitations, of a number of published mathematical models representing the effects of ozone on crops and native vegetation are described. Several levels of modeling are addressed: word models, graphic models, mathematical models, and computer simulation implementation. Spe...
0
54,093
How chemical kinetics uncertainties affect concentrations computed in an atmospheric photochemical model
Thompson, AM; Stewart, RW
1,991
#Tropospheric photochemical models are used increasingly as predictive tools to assess the chemical response of the lower atmosphere to changes in physical and chemical conditions which influence trace species distributions. Among the many uncertainties in the modeling process are imprecisions in reaction rate data use...
0
42,465
Asthme urbain, habitat et pollution de l'air [Urban asthma, housing conditions and air pollution]
Marzin, C; Le Moullec, Y; Ancelle, T; Juhuel, J; Festy, B; Pretet, S
1,991
null
0
42,593
Dispersion modelling study of present air quality and future nitrogen oxides concentrations in Greater London
Munday, P; Timmis, R; Walker, C
1,991
null
0
52,842
Superoxide dismutase activity in needles of Scots pine and Norway spruce under field and changer conditions: lack of ozone effects
Polle, A; Rennenberg, H
1,991
Spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees were exposed to various ozone regimes ranging from short-term fumigation of twigs for some hours up to long-term exposures of young plants for 20 wk in environmental chambers. At the end of the experimental treatments needles of spruce trees exposed ...
0
38,791
Acclimation to ozone stress in radish: leaf demography and photosynthesis
Held, AA; Mooney, HA; Gorham, JN
1,991
Whole plant acclimation to ozone exposure in growth-chamber cultivated radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherry Belle) was investigated. The primary goal was to separate developmental from physiological ozone acclimation processes. Plants were grown for 37 days at two different lengths of ozone exposure and a control tre...
0
26,692
Goals, agenda and policy recommendations to ecological economics
Costanza, R; d'Arge r; De Groot, R; Farber, S; Grasso, M; Hannon, B; Limburg, K; Naeem, S;
1,991
null
0
38,683
Alternative transportation fuels and air quality
Chang, TY; Hammerle, RH; Japar, SM; Salmeen, IT
1,991
null
0
41,703
Ozone stress and mite damage to cottonwood plants alter subsequent litter decomposition: the afterlife effect
Findlay, S; Carreiro, M; Jones, CG
1,991
Living plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses or damage agents. The question of whether such perturbations could influence quality of senesced leaf litter was examined under experimental conditions. Cottonwood plants were exposed to ozone (200 ppb, 4-5 hrs) and/or damage by red spider mites. Lit...
0
43,506
Biochemical plant responses to ozone: I. Differential induction of polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis in tobacco
Langebartels, C; Kerner, K; Leonardi, S; Schraudner, M; Trost, M; Heller, W; Sandermann, H, Jr
1,991
Polyamine metabolism was examined in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) exposed to a single ozone treatment (5 or 7 hours) and then postcultivated in pollutant-free air. The levels of free and conjugated putrescine were rapidly increased in the ozone-tolerant cultivar Bel B and remained high for 3 days. This accumulation w...
1
38,985
A model of water flow through plants incorporating shoot/root message control of stomatal conductance
Johnson, IR; Melkonian, JJ; Thornley, JHM; Riha, SJ
1,991
null
0
29,710
Modification of the response of photosynthetic productivity to rising temperature by atmospheric CO2 concentrations: Has its importance been underestimated?
Long, SP
1,991
Climate change will include correlated increases in temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca). Rising temperatures will increase the ratio of photorespiratory loss of carbon to photosynthetic gain, whilst rising Ca will have an opposing effect. The mechanism of these effects a the level of carboxylation in C3 ...
1
43,304
Response of photosynthesis and cellular antioxidants to ozone in Populus leaves
Gupta, AS; Alscher, RG; Mccune, D
1,991
Atmospheric ozone causes formation of various highly reactive intermediates (e.g. peroxyl and superoxide radicals, H2O2, etc.) in plant tissues. A plants productivity in environments with ozone may be related to its ability to scavenge the free radicals formed. The effects of ozone on photosynthesis and some free radic...
0
38,041
Rethinking the ozone problem in urban and regional air pollution
null
1,991
null
1
47,404
The global consequences of increasing tropospheric ozone concentrations
Fishman, J
1,991
Recent analyses of long-term records of tropospheric ozone measurements in the Northern Hemisphere suggest that it is increasing at a rate of 1 to 2 percent per year. Because of this, it is argued that the amount of atmospheric warming due to increasing tropospheric ozone is comparable to, or possibly even greater tha...
0
38,702
A comparison of numerical methods for solving the advection problem - III
Chock, DP
1,991
null
0
75,841
Relation of birth weight and dhildhood respiratory infection to adult lung function and death from chronic obstructive airways disease
Barker, DJP; Godfrey, KM; Fall, C; Osmond, C; Winter, PD; Shaheen, SO
1,991
null
0
44,071
The STEM-II regional scale acid deposition and photochemical oxidant model - I an overview of model development and applications
Carmichael, GR; Peters, LK; Saylor, RD
1,991
null
0
44,086
Canister-based method for monitoring toxic VOCs in ambient air
McClenny, WA; Pleil, JD; Evans, GF; Oliver, KD; Holdren, MW; Winberry, WT
1,991
null
0
43,522
CO2 uptake and respiration losses in vegetative bean plants due to ozone absorption
Moldau, H; Sober, J; Karolin, A; Kallis, A
1,991
null
0
44,036
The form of the ozone standard in relation to vegetation and health effects
Runeckles, VC; Bates, DV
1,991
null
0
43,219
Black cherry growth response to ambient ozone and EDU
Long, RP; Davis, DD
1,991
null
0
35,463
Study of children's activity patterns: Final report
Wiley, JA; Robinson, JP; Cheng, YT; Piazza, T; Stork, L; Pladsen, K
1,991
This report describes the purposes, methods, and preliminary findings of the first large-scale survey of children's activity patterns done in the United States. The survey was commissioned by the California Air Resources Board (ARB) in 1988 and was conducted by the staff of the Survey Research Center, University of Cal...
0
42,635
Three-dimensional wind fields for use in the urban airshed model
Cassmassi, JC; Mitsutomi, S; Shepherd, M
1,991
null
0
42,654
Ambient ozone trends using alternative indicators
Curran, TC; Frank, NH
1,991
null
0
42,977
Chemical reactions in clouds
Warneck, P
1,991
null
0
43,814
Ozone, acidic precipitation, and soil Mg effects on growth and nutrition of loblolly pine seedlings
Edwards, GS; Edwards, NT; Kelly, JM; Mays, PA
1,991
Height, diameter, biomass, and nutrient concentration and content were determined for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings grown at two levels of soil Mg and exposed to chronic levels of O3 and simulated acidic precipitation. Nutrient contents in precipitation and throughfall were also determined. Seedlings were ...
0
78,191
Particulate and trace gas emissions from large biomass fires in North America
Radke, LF; Hegg, DA; Hobbs, PV; Nance, JD; Lyons, JH; Laursen, KK; Weiss, RE; Riggan, PJ; Ward, DE
1,991
Naval Research Laboratory; Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Defense Nuclear Agency, Canada; British Columbia Ministry of Forestry. In this chapter we describe the results of airborne studies of smokes from 17 biomass fuel fires, including 14 prescribed fires and 3 wildfires, burned primaril...
0
42,389
Does chronic ozone exposure lead to lung disease?
Costa, DL; Hatch, GE; Crapo, JD
1,991
null
0
44,033
Preliminary analysis of ozone exposures in Houston using pNEM/O3
McCurdy, T; Capel, JE; Paul, RA; Johnson, T
1,991
null
0
38,986
Ozone and carbon monoxide areas designated nonattainment
null
1,991
null
0
38,049
A characterization of the principal PM-10 species in Claremont (summer) and Long Beach (fall) during SCAQS
Wolff, GT; Ruthkosky, MS; Stroup, DP; Korsog, PE
1,991
As part of the Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQS), General Motors Research Laboratories made comprehensive air quality measurements during the summer of 1987 in Claremont, CA, and during the fall of 1987 in Long Beach, CA. These locations are typically in the areas of highest pollution for the respective sea...
0
38,774
Use of a model of photosynthesis and leaf microenvironment to predict optimal stomatal conductance and leaf nitrogen partitioning
Friend, AD
1,991
null
0
41,344
Noninvasive determination of ozone distribution in the human lung airways
Hu, SC
1,991
null
0
38,801
The physiological ecology of woody plants
Kozlowski, TT; Kramer, PJ; Pallardy, SG
1,991
null
0
42,496
The airway epithelium and arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase
Sigal, E; Nadel, JA
1,991
null
0
53,193
Consequences of evolving resistance to air pollutants
Winner, WE; Coleman, JS; Gillespie, C; Mooney, HA; Pell, EJ
1,991
Introduction The prospects are high that plant populations are evolving in response to air pollutants. Evidence for this (Table 1) exists in a number of isolated observations (e.g., Houston and Stairs 1973; Horsman and Wellburn 1977; Ayazloo and Bell 1
0
37,565
Nutrient cycling in red spruce forests of the Great Smoky Mountains
Johnson, DW; Van Miegroet, H; Lindberg, SE; Todd, DE; Harrison, RB
1,991
Electric Power Research Institute; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #Nutrient distributions, concentrations, and fluxes in two red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) stands in the Great Smoky Mountains are described and used to evaluate various hypotheses for recent decline of this species. The...
0
42,924
Formation and occurence of organic hydroperoxides in the troposphere: laboratory and field observations
Hewitt, CN; Kok, GL
1,991
The formation and occurrence of hydroperoxides in the troposphere have been studied by laboratory experiments and by preliminary field measurements. Nine alkenes were reacted individually with ozone in a reaction chamber in the presence of excess water, and the amounts of hydrogen peroxide and of nine organic hydrope...
0
17,643
Air quality criteria for carbon monoxide
null
1,991
null
0
52,803
Ethylene directly inhibits foliar gas exchange in glycine max
Gunderson, CA; Taylor, GE, Jr
1,991
ABSTRACT Gas exchange of individual attached leaves of soybean, Glycine max (L) Merr cv Davis, was monitored during exposure to exogenous ethylene (C2H4) to test the hypothesis that the effects of C2H4 on net photosynthesis (PN) and stomatal conductance to H2O vapor (gs) are direct and not mediated by changes in leaf...
0
43,230
The effect of different atmospheric ozone partial pressures on photosynthesis and growth of nine fruit and nut tree species
Retzlaff, WA; Williams, LE; Dejong, TM
1,991
Nursery stock of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. O'Henry), nectarine (P. persica L. Batsch, cv. Fantasia), plum (P. salicina Lindel., cv. Casselman), apricot (P. armeniaca L., cv. Tilton), almond (P. dulcis Mill., cv. Nonpareil), prune (P. domestica L., cv. Improved French), cherry (P. avium L., cv. Bing), orienta...
0
40,878
The physiological basis of differential plant sensitivity to changes in atmospheric quality
Tingey, DT; Andersen, CP
1,991
null
0
38,963
Ozone injury on native vegetation in Class I wilderness areas in New Hampshire and Vermont
Manning, WJ; Bergman, JR; O'Brien, JT
1,991
null
0
43,057
Lake Michigan ozone study prognostic modeling: model performance evaluation and sensitivity testing
Lyons, WA; Tremback, CJ; Tesche, TW
1,991
null
0
38,861
The role of biogenic hydrocarbons in the production of ozone in urban plumes in southeast England
Mackenzie, AR; Harrison, RM; Colbeck, I; Hewitt, CN
1,991
First order approximations of the rates of emission of isoprene and alpha-pinene are made for the region around London. Isoprene is found to be the dominant biogenic non-methane hydrocarbon species by mass in the region. Chemical degradation schemes for isoprene and alpha-pinene are added to an existing urban plume m...
0
43,466
Seasonal changes in the pigments, carbohydrates and growth of red spruce as affected by exposure to ozone for two growing seasons
Amundson, RG; Alscher, RG; Fellows, S; Rubin, G; Fincher, J; Van Leuken, P; Weinstein, LH
1,991
Three-year-old red spruce seedlings were exposed to various concentrations of ozone, from 0.4 to 3 times ambient, for two consecutive growing seasons in open-top chambers in Ithaca, NY, USA. Exposures, which varied with changes in daylength, were from 30 May to 14 December 1987 and 1 June to 1 December 1988. Seedling b...
0
40,456
Effect of anthropogenic aerosols on biologically active ultraviolet radiation
Liu, SC; Mckeen, SA; Madronich, S
1,991
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation.#Aerosols from anthropogenic sources contribute significantly to the scattering of solar radiation in the atmosphere over most populated areas. By using observed values of visual range we estimate that in non-urban areas of the industrialized ...
0
42,613
Ozone exposure and lung function: A southern California summer camp study
Avol, EL; Trim, SC; Little, DE; Spier, CE; Smith, MN; Peng, RC; Linn, WS; Hackney, JD
1,991
null
0
43,473
Stress interactions and mycorrhizal plant response: understanding carbon allocation priorities
Andersen, CP; Rygiewicz, PT
1,991
A framework is presented for studying responses of mycorrhizas to external stresses, including possible feedback effects which are likely to occur. Recent literature linking carbon allocation and host/fungal response under natural and anthropogenic stress is reviewed and a conceptual model to discuss how carbon may be ...
0
42,506
Pricing environmental health risks: survey assessments of risk-risk and risk-dollar trade-offs for chronic bronchitis
Viscusi, WK; Magat, WA; Huber, J
1,991
null
0
44,027
An examination of urban ozone trends in the northeastern US (1973-1983) using a robust statistical method
Korsog, PE; Wolff, GT
1,991
null
0
17,243
Atmospheric pollutants and ectomycorrhizae: more questions than answers?
Dighton, J; Jansen, AE
1,991
Changes in research emphasis from pollution towards the effects of climate change have resulted from shifts in political and public interests. Information gained from research on the effects of pollutants as a perturbation on mycorrhizae and mycorrhizae-mediated processes may be an appropriate starting point from whic...
0
43,587
Effects of chronic ozone exposure on growth, root respiration and nutrient uptake of rice plants
Nouchi, I; Ito, O; Harazono, Y; Kobayashi, K
1,991
To clarify the response of growth and root functions to low concentrations of ozone (O3), rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) were exposed to O3 at 0.0 (control), 0.05 and 0.10 ppm for 8 weeks from vegetative to early heading stages. Exposure to 0.05 ppm O3 tended to slightly stimulate the dry weight of whole plants up to 5 ...
0
42,459
Mortalitatsuntersuchung im Zusammenhang mit lufthygienisch bedenklichen Situationen [Mortality studies in connection with questionable situations of air hygiene]
Lautenschlager, D; Dorre, WH; Horn, K; Kowalewicz, B
1,991
null
0
42,928
Tropospheric OH concentration measurements by laser long-path absorption spectroscopy
Hofzumahaus, A; Dorn, HP; Callies, J; Platt, U; Ehhalt, DH
1,991
Tropospheric OH radicals have been detected by broadband laser long-path absorption spectroscopy. This technique has been improved by application of a low-noise multichannel spectrometric detector to record OH absorption spectra. The simultaneous observation of at least three rotational lines (Q1 (2), Q21 (2), R2 (2) o...
0
42,451
[Superoxide anion production by peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma superoxide dismutase activity in patients with bronchial asthma and smokers]
Kim, YK; Park, SH
1,991
null
0
44,116
Removal of air pollutant mixtures from museum display cases
Grosjean, D; Parmar, S
1,991
Laboratory studies have been carried out to investigate the feasibility of removing air pollutant mixtures using sorbents, focusing on activated carbon and Purafi1. `Active mode? tests (polluted air passing through the sorbent contained in a cartridge) with activated carbon, Purafil, molecular sieves and silica gel ind...
0
42,685
Trial of a negative ion generator device in remediating problems related to indoor air quality
Daniell, W; Camp, J; Horstman, S
1,991
The ability of a negative ion generating device (NIGD) to remediate problems related to indoor air quality was investigated. Functioning NIGDs were placed in one of two office buildings and nonfunction NIGDs were placed in the other building; after 5 weeks, the functioning and nonfunctioning NIGDS were switched for a ...
0
37,828
Changing ozone: evidence for a perturbed atmosphere
Penkett, SA
1,991
null
0
42,533
Origin of Bel-W3, Bel-C and Bel-B tobacco varieties and their use as indicators of ozone
Heggestad, HE
1,991
Since 1962, the tobacco variety Bel-W3 (Nicotiana tabacum L.), has been used in many countries as an indicator of the presence of phytotoxic concentrations of O(3). It is super-sensitive to O(3) and may produce easily recognizable symptoms for several weeks on the new, fully expanded leaves. Bel-B and Bel-C, tolerant a...
1
38,781
A dynamic model of photosynthesis in varying light taking account of stomatal conductance, C3-cycle intermediates, photorespiration and Rubisco activation
Gross, LJ; Kirschbaum, MUF; Pearcy, RW
1,991
null
0
43,663
Chemistry of Atmospheres: an introduction to the chemistry of the atmospheres of Earth, the planets, and their satellites
Wayne, RP
1,991
null
0
43,409
Recent measurements of oxidized nitrogen compounds in the troposphere
Ridley, BA
1,991
The role of active nitrogen in the photochemical production of ozone in the troposhere is thought to be well known. In rural and remote regions, a knowledge of the distribution of total odd nitrogen species (NO(y)) is critical to the analysis and development of global and regional atmospheric models. In the summer of 1...
0
42,566
Air pollution and forest damage
Smith, WH
1,991
#FIRST PARAGRAPH. The 1980s will be long remembered as a decade of in- tense and widespread concern for the vitality and integrity of forest ecosystems. Daily reports of deforestation in the tropics and forest decline in temperate latitudes greatly heightened social consciousness about forest health. As we enter the 19...
0
42,619
Centriacinar region (CAR) disease in the lungs of young adults: a preliminary report
Sherwin, RP; Richters, V
1,991
null
0
42,667
Radiative forcing of climate
Ramaswamy, V; Leovy, C; Rodhe, H; Shine, K; Wang, WC; Wuebbles, D
1,991
null
0
44,096
A summary of ROMNET results and outputs
Meyer, EL; Possiel, NC; Doll, DC; Baugues, KA; Baldridge, KW
1,991
null
0
43,786
The role of ozone in global change
Ashmore, MR; Bell, JNB
1,991
null
0
42,689
Effects of ozone on lung mechanics and cyclooxygenase metabolites in dogs
Fouke, JM; Wolin, AD; Mcfadden, ER, Jr
1,991
null
0
47,456
The contribution of biogenic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and methane to ozone production in 33 urban areas
Crouse, R; Jeffries, H
1,991
INTRODUCTION Until recently, anthropogenic emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons (VOC) were thought to play a controlling rote in the formation of urban ozone (O3). Chameides et al1 have shown that biogenic hydrocarbon (BHC) emissions may in some cases significantly raise model predicted voc control requirements. Ho...
0
43,512
Seasonal changes in antioxidants in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg) from three field sites in the northeastern United States
Madamanchi, NR; Hausladen, A; Alscher, RG; Amundson, RG; Fellows, S
1,991
Changes in antioxidant levels were investigated in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) from three field sites in the northeastern United States. Whiteface Mountain, NY at an elevation of 1090 m, represents a red spruce population in decline, while Millinocket and Howland, Maine are at 518 and 105 m above sea level, respect...
0
92,481
Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea: How can it occur?
Vitousek, PM; Howarth, RW
1,991
The widespread occurrence of nitrogen limitation to net primary production in terrestrial and marine ecosystems is something of a puzzle; it would seem that nitrogen fixers should have a substantial competitive advantage wherever nitrogen is limiting, and that their activity in turn should reverse limitation. Neverthe...
0
42,398
[Ozone load in Switzerland no change of the trend in sight]
null
1,991
null
0
91,940
Spatial patterns in forest composition and standing dead red spruce in montane forests of the Adirondacks and northern Appalachians
Craig, BW; Friedland, AJ
1,991
The decline of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) in montane forests of the northeastern United States has been previously reported. The objective of this study was to assess spatial patterns, if any, in standing dead red spruce stems in the Adirondacks of New York and northern Appalachians of Vermont, New Hampshire, and...
0
69,221
Activity patterns in a panel of outdoor workers exposed to oxidant pollution
Shamoo, DA; Johnson, TR; Trim, SC; Little, DE; Linn, WS; Hackney, JD
1,991
We investigated summer activity patterns in a panel of volunteers drawn from a population segment with potentially high exposure to ambient oxidant pollution. The subjects were 15 men and 5 women aged 19-50, all of whom worked outdoors in the Los Angeles area at least 10 hr per week. The general approach was to (i) cal...
0
83,982
Food web patterns and their consequences
Pimm, SL; Lawton, JH; Cohen, JE
1,991
A food web is a map that describes which kinds of organisms in a community eat which other kinds. A web helps picture how a community is put together and how it works. Although webs were often initially reported in despair at ever understanding ecological complexity, recently discovered widespread patterns in the shape...
0
43,598
Effects of air quality on growth, yield, and quality of watermelon
Snyder, RG; Simon, JE; Reinert, RA; Simini, M; Wilcox, GE
1,991
Watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai cv. Sugar Baby, were grown in the field as a fall crop in open-top chambers (OTC) in southwestern Indiana with either charcoal-filtered (CF) or nonfiltered (NF) air. Ozone and sulfur dioxide were continuously monitored in OTC and ambient air. There was a signifi...
0
42,669
Estimating cumulative ambient concentrations of air pollutants: description and precision of methods used for an epidemiological study
Abbey, DE; Moore, J; Petersen, F; Beeson, L
1,991
#Methods for estimating cumulative ambient air pollution concentrations for individuals enrolled in an epidemiological cohort study are described and studied. Monthly interpolations from fixed-site monitoring stations in California to zip code centroids were used. The precision of the interpolation methods for total su...
0
91,053
Inactivation of ribonucleotide reductase by nitric oxide
Lepoivre, M; Fieschi, F; Coves, J; Thelander, L; Fontecave, M
1,991
Ribonucleotide reductase has been demonstrated to be inhibited by NO synthase product(s). The experiments reported here show that nitric oxide generated from sodium nitroprusside, S-nitrosoglutathione and the sydnonimine SIN-1 inhibits ribonucleotide reductase activity present in cytosolic extracts of TA3 mammary tumor...
0
43,950
Source apportionment of mutagenic activity of fine particle organics in Boise, Idaho
Lewis, CW; Stevens, RK; Zweidinger, RB; Claxton, LD; Barraclough, D; Klouda, GA
1,991
null
0
42,657
Adjustment of ozone trends for meteorological variations
Stoeckenius, T
1,991
null
0
187,220
Carbohydrate changes in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) needles exposed to acid rain and ozone
Paynter, V; Reardon, J; Shelburne, V
1,991
Four genotypes of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) were grown in open-top chambers in the Piedmont Region of South Carolina. The seedlings were exposed to several combinations of ozone (near zero, ambient, 1.7 x ambient, or 2.5 x ambient) and acid rain (pH 3.3, 4.3, or 5.3). Glucose, sucrose, total reducing suga...
0
43,283
Natural selection for ozone tolerance in Populus tremuloides: an evaluation of nationwide trends
Berrang, P; Karnosky, DF; Bennett, JP
1,991
Relative ozone sensitivity was evaluated among populations of Populus tremuloides Michx. from 15 locations, mostly in national parks, that spanned the United States. Seven to 15 clones were selected from each population, greenhouse grown, fumigated with 150 ppb ozone for 6 h, and evaluated for visible injury. Differenc...
0
42,430
Smoking cessation and acute airway response to ozone
Emmons, K; Foster, WM
1,991
Pulmonary function and symptom responses of asymptomatic smokers were measured during chamber exposures to ozone or filtered air. Subjects were evaluated while habituated to smoking and after 6 mo of smoking abstinence. At the onset of treatment, subjects (n = 18) who had a history of smoking 33.4 +/- 15.6 packs/y and ...
1
42,939
The role of clouds in tropospheric photochemistry
Lelieveld, J; Crutzen, PJ
1,991
We show that photochemical processes in the lower half of the troposphere are strongly affected by the presence of liquid water clouds. Especially CH2O, an important intermediate of CH4 (and of other hydrocarbon) oxidation, is subject to enhanced breakdown in the aqueous phase. This reduces the formation of HO(x)-radic...
0
43,340
Genetics of response to atmospheric pollutants
Roose, ML
1,991
Introduction. Human activities have altered the composition of the atmosphere on both a local and global scale (Chapter 4, this volume). For many plant species, these environmental changes represent a novel stress to which they may or may not adapt. The alternatives to adaptation include range reduction and local or gl...
0
42,466
The effect of antioxidants on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in dogs
Matsui, S; Jones, GL; Woolley, MJ; Lane, CG; Gontovnick, LS; O'Byrne, PM
1,991
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