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42,510
Pulmonary hypertension induced by amosite asbestos: a physiological and morphologic study in the guinea pig
Wright, J; Wiggs, B; Churg, A
1,991
Although there is increasing evidence that mineral dust exposure will produce obstructive lung disease, there is little information on the effects of mineral dust on the pulmonary vascular system. To examine whether exposure to amosite asbestos would affect the pulmonary vasculature and produce pulmonary hypertension, ...
0
26,327
Effects of source-sink relations on photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2
Arp, WJ
1,991
While photosynthesis of C(3) plants is stimulated by an increase in the atmospheric CO(2) concentration, photosynthetic capacity is often reduced after long-term exposure to elevated CO(2). This reduction appears to be brought about by end product inhibition, resulting from an imbalance in the supply and demand of carb...
0
42,501
Relationship between self-reported activity levels and actual heart rates in teenagers
Terblanche, APS; Ozkaynak, H; Spengler, JD; Butler, DA
1,991
A study was designed to explore the relationship between self-reported activity levels and actual heart rate (HR) as measured by a portable heart rate monitor (Sport Tester PE3000). <br> <br>Twenty-two teenagers (8 boys, 14 girls, median age of 16) from Watertown High School, Massachusetts participated in this pilot st...
0
42,481
Aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide, and organic radicals as mediators of ozone toxicity
Pryor, WA; Church, DF
1,991
It is generally agreed that unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) are an important class of target molecule for reaction with ozone when polluted air is inhaled. Most discussions have implicated the UFA in cell membranes, but lung lining fluids also contain fatty acids that are from 20 to 40% unsaturated. Since UFA in lung lin...
0
41,759
A facility for the large-scale exposure of plants to gaseous atmospheric pollutants
Rafarel, CR; Ashenden, TW
1,991
A large-scale fumigation system is described for studying the effects of low concentrations of SO2, NO2 and O3 on herbaceous plants and small shrubs. The system is based on a commercially available small hemispherical glasshouse which can be adapted to provide a closed chamber with forced air ventilation. It is a scale...
0
42,623
An evaluation of various alternative ambient ozone standards based on crop yield loss data
Tingey, DT; Hogsett, WE; Lee, EH; Herstrom, AA; Azevedo, SH
1,991
null
1
45,733
Report of the historical trends (1986-1990) in the levels of ozone monitored at the suburban monitoring station of the University of Mexico at Mexico City
Bravo A, H; Roy-Ocotla R, G; Sosa E, R; Torres J, R
1,991
null
0
42,490
Ozone and swimming pools
Salter, L
1,991
null
0
40,359
Exposure of humans to ambient levels of ozone for 6.6 hours causes cellular and biochemical changes in the lung
Devlin, RB; Mcdonnell, WF; Mann, R; Becker, S; House, DE; Schreinemachers, D; Koren, HS
1,991
An acute (2 h) exposure of humans to 0.4 ppm ozone initiates biochemical changes in the lung that result in the production of components mediating inflammation and acute lung damage as well as components having the potential to lead to long-term effects such as fibrosis. However, many people are exposed to lower levels...
1
41,894
Oxidative stress and its role in air pollution toxicity
Pell, EJ; Reddy, GN
1,991
null
0
42,655
Ozone trends in the South Coast Air Basin: an update
Zeldin, MD; Cassmassi, JC; Hoggan, M
1,991
null
0
42,682
Sulfuric acid-layered ultrafine particles potentiate ozone-induced airway injury
Chen, LC; Miller, PD; Lam, HF; Guty, J; Amdur, MO
1,991
Urban air pollution in the United States is composed of a complex mixture of particles and gases. Among the most prominent products of the atmospheric pollutants are sulfur oxides and ozone. In this report, we use two exposure protocols to examine the interaction between exposure to these two pollutants. In the first e...
0
91,052
DNA deaminating ability and genotoxicity of nitric oxide and its progenitors
Wink, DA; Kasprzak, KS; Maragos, CM; Elespuru, RK; Misra, M; Dunams, TM; Cebula, TA; Koch, WH; Andrews, AW; Allen, JS; Keefer, LK
1,991
Nitric oxide (NO), a multifaceted bioregulatory agent and an environmental pollutant, can also cause genomic alterations. In vitro, NO deaminated deoxynucleosides, deoxynucleotides, and intact DNA at physiological pH. That similar DNA damage can also occur in vivo was tested by treating Salmonella typhimurium strain TA...
0
42,383
Effects of single- and multiday ozone exposures on respiratory function in active normal children
Spektor, DM; Thurston, GD; Mao, J; He, D; Hayes, C; Lippmann, M
1,991
null
0
42,377
Accumulated exposure to ozone and measurement of health effects in children and counselors at two summer camps
Berry, M; Lioy, PJ; Gelperin, K; Buckler, G; Klotz, J
1,991
In the summer of 1988 a multiorganizational field health study was conducted at two summer day camps in suburban-central New Jersey. Thirty-four campers and counselors had daily pulmonary function tests performed each afternoon while attending camp during the month of July. The subjects ranged from 9 to 35 years of age...
1
73,336
Respiratory health and PM10 pollution: a daily time series analysis
Pope CA III; Dockery, DW; Spengler, JD; Raizenne, ME
1,991
Brigham young University; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Department of National Health and Welfare, Canada. #This study evaluated changes in respiratory health associated with daily changes in fine particulate pollution (PM10). Participants included a relatively healthy school-based sample of four...
0
77,982
The U.S. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program 1990 Integrated Assessment Report
null
1,991
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. The report evaluates the causes and effects of acidic deposition and compares alternative emission control scenarios. This document represents the final product of NAPAP's first decade of activities.The conclusions of this assessment helped inform the decision-making pro...
0
42,403
Ozone-induced impairment of mucociliary transport and its prevention with N-acetylcysteine
Allegra, L; Moavero, NE; Rampoldi, C
1,991
The effects of an oxidizing gaseous pollutant on tracheal mucous velocity have been studied in conscious sheep. Acute (2 hours) exposure to 1.0 ppm of ozone showed an effect on tracheal mucous velocity that resulted in a significant decrease 40 minutes and 2 hours after exposure (35% and 40% of the baseline, respective...
0
90,811
Effects of 0.60 PPM nitrogen dioxide on circulating and bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocyte phenotypes in healthy subjects
Rubinstein, I; Reiss, TF; Bigby, BG; Stites, DP; Boushey, HA, Jr
1,991
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a common oxidant air pollutant. Animal studies have suggested that NO2 exposure causes a decrease in the numbers of some splenic lymphocyte subtypes and impairs lymphocyte-dependent immune responses. To investigate whether ambient levels of NO2 alter circulating and bronchoalveolar lavage flui...
0
42,404
Influence of exposure regimen on effects of experimental ozone studies: effects of daily and episodic or seasonal cycles of exposure and post-exposure
Tyler, WS; Tyler, NK; Hinds, D; Magliano, D; Tarkington, B
1,991
null
0
94,071
Guideline for regulatory application of the urban airshed model
null
1,991
#This document provides guidance on application of the U.S. EPA Urban Airshed Model for ozone nonattainment area State Implementation Plan development as required by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. The Urban Airshed Model is an urban-scale, grid-based photochemical dispersion model. The model provides a means for...
0
37,892
Transfer of NO2 through pulmonary epithelial lining fluid
Postlethwait, EM; Langford, SD; Bidani, A
1,991
Absorption of inhaled NO2 across the pulmonary gas/tissue interface is principally governed by chemical reaction(s) rather than by physical solubility. While the kinetics of NO2 transfer into reactant-containing aqueous solutions appear to be bulk phase independent, it is unclear whether unreacted NO2 diffuses apprecia...
0
42,588
Surface ozone measurements in Lithuania
Girgzdiene, R
1,991
null
0
43,528
Regional growth changes in ozone-stressed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA
Peterson, DL; Arbaugh, MJ; Robinson, LJ
1,991
Basal area growth trends were determined for ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA, to: (1) evaluate long term growth patterns, and (2) determine if there has been any recent change in the frequency of growth changes outside the expected range of natural variability. Ponderosa pine was ...
0
37,981
Measurement of oxidized nitrogen compounds in indoor air
Spicer, CW; Ward, GF; Kenny, DV; Leslie, NP; Billick, IH
1,991
null
0
40,690
Sorption and transport of gases and vapors in plant cuticles
Lendzian, KJ; Kerstiens, G
1,991
null
0
42,417
Ozone reduces murine alveolar and peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis: the role of prostanoids
Canning, BJ; Hmieleski, RR; Spannhake, EW; Jakab, GJ
1,991
Continuous ozone exposure (0.5 ppm, 1-14 days) reduced the phagocytic activity of murine alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. The response of peritoneal macrophages to ozone was virtually indistinguishable from the response of alveolar macrophages. When added exogenously, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibited alveolar and ...
0
42,376
The effect of ozone exposure on rat alveolar macrophage arachidonic acid metabolism
Madden, MC; Eling, TE; Dailey, LA; Friedman, M
1,991
Rat alveolar macrophages were prelabeled with 3H-arachidonic acid (3H-AA) and exposed to air or O3 (0.1-1.0 ppm) in vitro for 2 h. Alveolar macrophages released 3.6-fold more tritium at the 1.0 ppm exposure concentration compared with air-exposed macrophages. A significantly increased production of several 3H-AA metabo...
0
37,486
Direct health effects of air pollutants associated with acidic precursor emissions - sections 1-3. Draft for public review
Graham, JA; Grant, LD; Folinsbee, LJ; Gardner, DE; Schlesinger, RB; Overton, JH; Lounsbury, SW; McCurdy, TR; Hasselblad, V; McKee, DJ; Richmond, HM; Polkowsky, BV; Marcus, AH
1,991
null
0
43,085
Use of four-dimensional data assimilation in a limited-area mesoscale model part II: effects of data assimilation within the planetary boundary layer
Stauffer, DR; Seaman, NL; Binkowski, FS
1,991
null
0
96,337
Sampling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related semivolatile organic compounds in indoor air
Wilson, NK; Chuang, JC; Kuhlman, MR
1,991
This paper summarizes the sampling and analysis methods used to collect and quantify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and PAH derivatives in indoor and outdoor air at 33 homes heated in two cities, Columbus OH and Azusa CA. Two new samplers were developed far these studies: one with a flow rate of 200 l/min to co...
0
42,711
Activity patterns of California residents and their implications for potential exposure to pollution (final report)
Robinson, JP; Wiley, JA; Piazza, T; Garrett, K; Cirksena, K
1,991
N/A.
0
32,367
Effects of methanol vapor on human neurobehavioral measures
Cook, MR; Bergman, FJ; Cohen, HD; Gerkovich, MM; Graham, C; Harris, RK; Siemann, LG
1,991
Methanol could become an important motor fuel. The objective of this exploratory study was to provide preliminary information about whether or not acute exposure to methanol at 250 mg/m3 for 75 minutes would have adverse effects on human neurobehavioral functions important in everyday life. This concentration level was...
0
42,950
Aerosol formation in the photooxidation of isoprene and "beta"-pinene
Pandis, SN; Paulson, SE; Seinfeld, JH; Flagan, RC
1,991
Ford Motor Company; National Science Foundation. #Isoprene and ?-pinene, at concentration levels ranging from a few ppb to a few ppm, were reacted photochemically with NOx, in the Caltech outdoor smog chamber facility. Aerosol formation from the isoprene photooxidation is found to be negligible even under extreme ambie...
0
38,119
Increased site fertility and litter decomposition rate in high-pollution sites in the San Bernardino Mountains
Fenn, M
1,991
Some possible factors causing enhanced litter decomposition in high-pollution sites in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California were investigated. Nitrogen concentration of soil, as well as foliage and litter of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) and Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. &amp; Balf.) were ...
0
44,094
Measurement of isoprene and its atmospheric oxidation products in a central Pennsylvania deciduous forest
Martin, RS; Westberg, H; Allwine, E; Ashman, L; Farmer, JC; Lamb, B
1,991
Ambient concentrations of isoprene and several of its atmospheric oxidation products - methacrolein, methylvinyl ketone, formaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid, and pyruvic acid - were measured in a central Pennsylvania deciduous forest during the summer of 1988. Isoprene concentrations ranged from near zero at night t...
0
38,684
Hydrocarbons and the long-range transport of ozone and PAN across Europe
Derwent, RG; Jenkin, ME
1,991
The individual involvement of 69 hydrocarbons in photochemical ozone and PAN formation in Europe is examined using the Harwell photochemical trajectory model. A detailed chemical scheme has been built up involving 384 chemical species and 684 chemical reactions to describe formation of ozone and other photochemically-...
0
43,127
Ozone decreases spring root growth and root carbohydrate content in ponderosa pine the year following exposure
Andersen, CP; Hogsett, WE; Wessling, R; Plocher, M
1,991
Storage carbohydrates are extremely important for new shoot and root development following dormancy or during periods of high stress. The hypothesis that ozone decreases carbohydrate storage and decreases new root growth during the year following exposure was investigated. Ponderosa pine seedlings (Pinus ponderosa Doug...
0
37,551
Lipid peroxidation and antielastase activity in the lung under oxidant stress: Role of antioxidant defenses
Mohsenin, V
1,991
The role of lipid peroxidation in the inactivation of alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) in the alveolar lining fluid of human subjects has been examined under oxidant stress. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at 4 ppm for 3 h resulted in a significant increase in the amount of lipid peroxidation products in the ...
0
42,378
Associations of daily mortality and air pollution in Los Angeles County
Kinney, PL; Ozkaynak, H
1,991
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #We report results of a multiple regression analysis examining associations between aggregate daily mortality counts and environmental variables in Los Angeles County, California for the period 1970 to 1979. Mortality variable included total deaths not due to accidents and violence...
0
51,180
A novel technique to permanently remove indoor air pollutants
Rodberg, JA; Miller, JF; Keller, GE; Woods, JE
1,991
null
0
42,468
Effects of ozone on the cholinergic secretory responsiveness of ferret tracheal glands
McBride, RK; Oberdoerster, G; Marin, MG
1,991
null
0
42,396
Effects of repeated exposures to ozone and nitrogen dioxide on respiratory tract prostanoids
Schlesinger, RB; Weideman, PA; Zelikoff, JT
1,991
Prostanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxanes) are mediators of various physiological functions in the respiratory tract. The toxic action of air pollutants may include the ability to alter prostanoid metabolism. Rabbits were exposed to 0.3 ppm O3 3 ppm NO2 or their combination, for 2 hlday for up to 74 days. Levels of sel...
0
27,215
Use of an indoor air quality model (IAQM) to estimate indoor ozone levels
Hayes, SR
1,991
Currently, outdoor ozone levels in many U.S. cities exceed the primary health-based national ambient air quality standard. While outdoor ozone levels are an important measure of the severity of those exceedances, people typically spend more than 80 percent of their time indoors, where ozone levels are lower. Indoor o...
0
42,723
Toxic-induced hypothermia and hypometabolism: do they increase uncertainty in the extrapolation of toxicological data from experimental animals to humans?
Gordon, CJ
1,991
Commonly used experimental mammals, such as the rat and mouse, exhibit hypothermia and hypometabolism when exposed acutely to many drugs and other chemical substances. This toxic-induced hypothermic/hypometabolic state may be an inherently protective response that can reduce the lethality of a toxic insult. However, as...
0
42,494
Lysozyme is an ozone-sensitive component of alveolar type II cell lamellar bodies
Shelley, SA; Paciga, JE; Balis, JU
1,991
null
0
42,625
Deterioration of materials due to ozone exposure: current problems and future research needs
Cass, GR
1,991
null
0
43,758
Chronic ozone injury and associated stresses affect relative competitive capacity of species comprising the California mixed conifer forest type
Miller, PR; McBride, JR; Schilling, SL
1,991
null
0
38,069
The 1989-90 Phoenix urban haze study, volume II: the apportionment of light extinction to sources [final report]
Watson, JG; Chow, JC; Richards, LW; Haase, DL; McDade, C; Dietrich, DL; Moon, D; Sloane, C
1,991
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.
0
42,416
Sensitive subgroups and normal variation in pulmonary function response to air pollution episodes
Brunekreef, B; Kinney, PL; Ware, JH; Dockery, D; Speizer, FE; Spengler, JD; Ferris, BG, Jr
1,991
The Clean Air Act requires that sensitive subgroups of exposed populations be protected from adverse health effects of air pollution exposure. Hence, data suggesting the existence of sensitive subgroups can have an important impact on regulatory decisions. Some investigators have interpreted differences among individua...
0
43,280
Ecological genetics and chemical modifications of the atmosphere
Bell, JNB; Ashmore, MR; Wilson, GB
1,991
null
0
42,469
Relationships between lung function and physical characteristics in young adult black and white males and females
McDonnell, WF; Seal, E, Jr
1,991
null
0
43,631
Measuring the demand for environmental quality
Braden, JB; Kolstad CD eds
1,991
null
0
42,493
Daily diaries of respiratory symptoms and air pollution: methodological issues and results
Schwartz, J; Wypij, D; Dockery, D; Ware, J; Zeger, S; Spengler, J; Ferris, B, Jr
1,991
Daily diaries of respiratory symptoms are a powerful technique for detecting acute effects of air pollution exposure. While conceptually simple, these diary studies can be difficult to analyze. The daily symptom rates are highly correlated, even after adjustment for covariates, and this lack of independence must be con...
0
1,089,560
The double-edged role of nitric oxide in brain function and superoxide-mediated injury
Beckman, JS
1,991
Fetal ischemia or hypoxia can lead to cerebral palsy, mental retardation and epilepsy. We propose that the production of nitric oxide and oxygen radicals by neurons when ischemic or hypoxic brain is reperfused may contribute to cerebral injury. Ischemia will depolarize neuronal membranes causing the synaptic discharge ...
0
43,502
Leaf abscission and stem lesions (intumescences) on poplar clones after SO2 and O3 fumigation: A link with ethylene release?
Kargiolaki, H; Osborne, DJ; Thompson, FB
1,991
Differences in premature leaf abscission and in visible stem injury in genetic lines of poplar followed continuous fumigations with air pollutant levels of SO2 (90?100 nl l?1) and O3 (70?80 nl l?1) either separately or together. The clones used were: Populus deltoides var. missiouriensis Marsh., P. nigra cv. `italicd? ...
0
42,509
Effects of oxygen and ozone on mouse lung tumorigenesis
Witschi, H
1,991
Oxygen and ozone both have been found to enhance or to inhibit the development of tumors in mouse lung. As a general rule, preexposure to the oxidant, before administration of a carcinogen, or exposure to high levels for a comparatively short time immediately following carcinogen administration favors development of tu...
0
43,686
Air pollution and agriculture: a review and evaluation of policy interactions
Segerson, K
1,991
null
0
37,549
Design and verification of a programmable gas dispensing system for exposing plants to dynamic concentrations of air pollutants
Hale-Marie, B; Dutton, RG; Allen, OB; Ormrod, DP; Goodyear, SN; Pyear, LG
1,991
null
0
90,827
Effects of repeated intermittent exposures to nitrous oxide on central neurotransmitters and hepatic methionine synthetase activity in CD-1 mice
Abdul-Kareem, HS; Sharma, RP; Brown, DB
1,991
The central neurotransmitters and hepatic methionine synthetase (MS) appear to play an important role in mediating the side effects associated with N2O exposure. Male CD-1 mice were exposed to 0, 50, 500, and 5,000 ppm of N2O 6 hr per day, 5 days a week for 2 or 13 weeks. One day after the last day of exposure, the ani...
0
1,926,470
Lung tumors in strain A mice as a bioassay for carcinogenicity of environmental chemicals
Stoner, GD
1,991
This report describes the protocol for the strain A mouse lung tumor bioassay and summarizes results on selected chemicals that have been tested for carcinogenicity in the assay. The assay is of 6 months duration and can distinguish 2-fold differences in carcinogenic potential of compounds from several chemical classes...
0
94,067
The chemistry of the hydroxyl radical in the troposphere
Ehhalt, DH; Dorn, HP; Poppe, D
1,991
Like oxidation in a flame, oxidation in the atmosphere is mediated by free radicals. By far the most important radical in the troposphere is the hydroxyl radical, OH. It is generated photochemically, and reacts with most atmospheric trace gases, in many instances as the first, and rate-determining, step in the reaction...
0
43,135
Sensitivity of frost resistance and growth in citrus and avocado to chronic ozone exposure
Eissenstat, DM; Syvertsen, JP; Dean, TJ; Yelenosky, G; Johnson, JD
1,991
The effects of elevated levels of ozone on growth and frost resistance were studied using broadleaf-evergreen citrus and avocado trees. `Ruby Red' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi L.) trees on either Volkamer lemon (Citrus volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.) or sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) rootstocks and 'Simmonds' or 'Pancho' ...
0
90,211
Endogenous nitric oxide is present in the exhaled air of rabbits, guinea pigs and humans
Gustafsson, LE; Leone, AM; Persson, MG; Wiklund, NP; Moncada, S
1,991
The presence of nitric oxide (NO) in the exhaled air of humans and of anaesthetized rabbits and guinea pigs was demonstrated by chemiluminescence, diazotization and mass spectrometry. This NO is endogenously produced in the lung by an NO synthase, since its generation in guinea pigs and rabbits was inhibited by N.omega...
0
37,657
Effect of 0.25 ppm nitrogen dioxide on the airway response to methacholine in asymptomatic asthmatic patients
Jorres, R; Magnussen, H
1,991
In asthmatic patients, short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide at low concentrations has been reported to result in an nonuniform airway response to various bronchoconstrictive stimuli. We therefore investigated in 11 patients with mild and stable asthma with normal baseline airway tone the effect of 0.25 ppm nitrogen...
0
36,587
Catskill Mountains
Stoddard, JL; Murdoch, PS
1,991
The Catskill region of New York experiences the highest rates of acidic deposition of any region of the United States with low acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) surface waters. Surface waters are represented almost entirely by streams, whose chemical compositions are strongly affected by discharge. Many streams exhibit ...
0
42,645
Overview of EPA's 5-city UAM study
Scheffe, RD; Morris, RE
1,991
null
0
43,225
Responses of red spruce seedlings to ozone and acid deposition
Patton, RL; Jensen, KF; Schier, GA
1,991
Red spruce (Picea rubens) seedlings were treated with ozone and simulated acid precipitation to determine the effects of these pollutants on growth, nonstructural carbohydrates, and foliar mineral content. One-year-old seedlings were fumigated with ozone (at 0.15 microL/L for 6 hr/d or at 0.15 microL/L for 6 hr/d plus ...
0
44,081
Design and operational characteristics of the Chrompack model 9000 as an automated gas chromatograph
Smith, DL; Holdren, MW; McClenny, WA
1,991
null
0
42,929
Decomposition pathways of the excited Criegee intermediates in the ozonolysis of simple alkenes
Horie, O; Moortgat, GK
1,991
null
0
37,874
The environment and the lung: changing perspectives
Samet, JM; Utell, MJ
1,991
The focus of public health concern and research in regard to environmental lung diseases has changed across the century. Illustrative agents include radon, indoor asbestos, environmental tobacco smoke, acidic aerosols, and oxidant gases. Tremendous progress has been made in understanding and preventing environmental lu...
0
41,786
Alveolar epithelial cell injuries by subchronic exposure to low concentrations of ozone correlate with cumulative exposure
Chang, L; Miller, FJ; Ultman, J; Huang, Y; Stockstill, BL; Grose, E; Graham, JA; Ospital, JJ; Crapo, JD
1,991
Electron microscopy morphometry has been used to study the effects of cumulative exposure of low levels of inhaled O3 on lung proximal alveolar tissue. Sixweek-old Fisher 344 rats were exposed to O3 in two different subchronic low-level exposure patterns. The first was a 12 hr/day exposure for 6 weeks and included two ...
1
43,464
Atmospheric oxidation of reduced sulfur species
Tyndall, GS; Ravishankara, AR
1,991
The kinetics of elementary gas phase reactions involved in the oxidation of reduced sulfur species, H2S, CS2, OCS, CH3SH, CH3SCH3, and CH3SSCH3, to SO2 (or other products) are reviewed. The reactions with OH and NO3 which are the processes that initiate the degradation of the above compounds have been evaluated. Reac...
0
43,537
Influence of ozone on the stable carbon isotope composition, delta13C, of leaves and grain of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L)
Saurer, M; Fuhrer, J; Siegenthaler, U
1,991
null
0
37,691
The nitrate radical: physics, chemistry, and the atmosphere
Wayne, RP; Barnes, I; Biggs, P; Burrows, JP; Canosa-Mas, CE; Hjorth, J; Le Bras, G; Moortgat, GK; Perner, D; Poulet, G; Restelli, G; Sidebottom, H
1,991
#This review surveys the present state of knowledge of the nitrate (NO3 radical. Laboratory data on the physics and chemistry of the radical and atmospheric determination of the concentrations of the radical are both considered. One aim of the review is to highlight the relationship between the laboratory and the atmos...
0
17,769
Ozone exposure and nitrogen loading in the forests of eastern North America
Garner, JHB
1,991
null
0
42,968
Production of hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides in the gas phase reactions of ozone with natural alkenes
Simonaitis, R; Olszyna, KJ; Meagher, JF
1,991
null
0
52,164
Measurements of nitrogen oxides at Barrow, Alaska during spring: evidence for regional and northern hemispheric sources of pollution
Jaffe, DA; Honrath, RE; Herring, JA; Li, SM; Kahl, JD
1,991
National Science Foundation. Total reactive nitrogen oxide (NOy) and NO were measured at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change (NOAA GMCC) site at Barrow, Alaska, for 5 weeks during the spring of 1989. The data demonstrate the existence of a complex array of poll...
0
42,843
Protection of works of art from damage due to atmospheric ozone
Cass, GR; Nazaroff, WW; Tiller, C; Whitmore, PM
1,991
Ozone at the concentrations found in the indoor atmosphere of many museums poses a fading hazard to the pigments used in works of art. The ozone control problem faced by museum personnel is unusual because indoor ozone exposure must be reduced to very low levels in order to protect the collections from accumulated dama...
0
42,410
Acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma in children associated with afternoon weather changes
Beer, SI; Kannai, YI; Waron, MJ
1,991
null
0
42,783
Global atmospheric change and research needs in environmental health sciences
Goldstein, BD; Reed, DJ
1,991
null
0
42,448
Gesundheitliche Wirkungen des Ozons als Bestandteil des Sommersmogs [Health effects of ozone as component of summer smog]
Kappos, AD; Koss, G
1,991
null
0
52,334
Carbon monoxide concentrations and their relation to concentrations of total reactive oxidized nitrogen at two rural US sites
Parrish, DD; Trainer, M; Buhr, MP; Watkins, BA; Fehsenfeld, FC
1,991
1. Concentrations of CO and NOy (total reactive oxidized nitrogen species) were measured simultaneously with many other atmospheric parameters, including SO2 concentration and wind direction, during three field studies (two rural and one suburban). The CO concentrations at the two rural sites can be described approxim...
0
42,391
Modulation of immune function in mice exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone
Gilmour, MI; Jakab, GJ
1,991
null
1
43,989
Differential response of CO2 uptake parameters of soil- and sand-grown Phaseolus vulgaris (L) plants to absorbed ozone flux
Moldau, H; Kull, O; Sober, J; Norby, RJ
1,991
null
0
42,440
Risk assessment for diesel exhaust and ozone: the data from people and animals
Hobbs, CH; Mauderly, JL
1,991
Estimating and setting exposure limits for people exposed to air pollutants are complex processes. This paper discusses the information available from human and animal studies on the potential health effects of inhaled diesel exhaust and ozone. While considerable information is available, additional research is needed ...
0
43,249
On-road carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon remote sensing in the Chicago area Final report
Stedman, DH; Bishop, GA; Peterson, JE; Guenther, PL; McVey, IF; Beaton, SP
1,991
null
0
43,412
One-year measurements of PAN in the Paris basin: effect of meteorological parameters
Tsalkani, N; Perros, P; Dutot, AL; Toupance, G
1,991
PAN has been measured continuously for 1 year in Creteil, a southeastern suburb of Paris. Correspondence analysis was used to analyse the important PAN database obtained during this period, in relation to associated meteorological parameters and the location of precursors sources. <br> <br>This analysis revealed a comp...
0
44,102
The STEM-II regional-scale acid deposition and photochemical oxidant model--III a study of mesoscale acid deposition in the lower Ohio River Valley
Saylor, RD; Peters, LK; Mathur, R
1,991
null
0
42,449
The effect of ozone exposure on the dispersion of inhaled aerosol boluses in healthy human subjects
Keefe, MJ; Bennett, WD; Dewitt, P; Seal, E; Strong, AA; Gerrity, TR
1,991
Acute exposure of humans to low levels of ozone are known to cause decreases in FVC and increases in SRaw. These alterations in lung function do not, however, elucidate the potential for acute small airway responses. In this study we employed a test of aerosol dispersion to examine the potential effects of ozone on sma...
0
42,411
Pathogenetic significance of reactive oxygen species in diffuse fibrosing alveolitis
Behr, J; Maier, K; Krombach, F; Adelmann-Grill, BC
1,991
null
0
32,303
Ambient levels of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and formic acid in southern California: results of a one-year base-line study
Grosjean, D
1,991
Ambient levels of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde (six locations), and formic acid (one location) have been measured over a 1-year period (September 1988-September 1989) in southern California. Samples were collected every sixth day by using DNPH-coated C18 cartridges and were analyzed by liquid chromatography with UV dete...
0
42,644
Development of a variable grid regional oxidant model and application to the San Joaquin valley
Morris, RE; Kessler, RC
1,991
null
0
37,949
The effects of exercise on dose and dose distribution of inhaled automotive pollutants
Kleinman, MT; Mautz, WJ
1,991
The human health effects that result from breathing air pollutants depend on the amount of pollutant inhaled from the air (exposure dose) and the amount of inhaled material that stays in the respiratory tract (retained dose). Because the retained dose of a pollutant may damage the respiratory tract and cause disease, i...
0
42,491
Time course of ozone-induced neutrophilia in normal humans
Schelegle, ES; Siefkin, AD; Mcdonald, RJ
1,991
Five normal human subjects were exposed for 1 h to filtered air (FA) once and to 0.3 ppm O3 on 3 separate days. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was obtained less than 1 h after FA and either less than 1, 6, or 24 h after O3 exposure. FEV1 was measured before the exposures and the BAL. The first aliquot [proximal air...
1
43,306
Correlation of data from the strain A mouse bioassay with long-term bioassays
Maronpot, RR
1,991
Fifty-nine chemicals that had completed National Cancer Institute rat and mouse 2-year carcinogenicity tests were tested in the strain A mouse pulmonary tumor assay. Without knowledge of chemical identity, 53 chemicals were tested in strain A mice in one laboratory and 30 were tested in a second independent laboratory....
0
32,041
Activity patterns of California residents Final report
Wiley, JA; Robinson, JP; Piazza, T; Garrett, K; Cirksena, K; Cheng, YT; Martin, G
1,991
California Air Resources Board.Retrospective time diaries were collected from a modified random sample of 1762 California residents aged 12 and over who were interviewed by telephone regarding all activities for the 24 hours of the previous day. Detailed information was also collected on the location of activities, on ...
0
4,581
Costs of material damage due to air pollution in the United States
Tasdemiroglu, E
1,991
Fullbright Commission.The paper begins by reviewing the previous nationwide studies in an attempt to interrelate the mass of the pollutant emitted to the cost of damages incurred on certain kinds of materials. Sulfur dioxide, ozone precursors (nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds), and particulates are the ma...
0
42,502
Preneoplastic transformation of rat tracheal epithelial cells by ozone
Thomassen, DG; Harkema, JR; Stephens, ND; Griffith, WC
1,991
The transforming potency of ozone for rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells exposed in vivo or in vitro was determined. RTE cells isolated from rats exposed to ozone (0, 0.14, 0.6, or 1.2 ppm, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 1, 2, or 4 weeks) showed no increase in the frequency of preneoplastic transformation compared to cells...
0
42,952
Effects of temperature, TSP and per cent non-exchangeable material in determining the gas-particle partitioning of organic compounds
Pankow, JF; Bidleman, TF
1,991
#The temperature dependence of the measured, gas-particle partitioning ratio (FT/ TSP)/AT has been examined for the case when a constant fraction x (%) of a compound is assumed to be bound within the particulate matter, and non-exchangeable with the gas phase. The parameter FT is the total (exchangeable + non-exchangea...
0