text large_stringlengths 39 13.3M | id large_stringlengths 36 47 | repo_tree_path large_stringclasses 20 values | source_dataset large_stringclasses 1 value | lang large_stringclasses 20 values | num_chars uint32 39 13.3M |
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Study on the Basic Characteristics and Change Rules of Fine Point Lines in Fingerprints
Zhongyuan Ji\textsuperscript{1}, Yong Wang\textsuperscript{2}, Yuchen Wang\textsuperscript{1}, Xibin Song\textsuperscript{3}
\textsuperscript{1}Key Laboratory of Evidence-Identifying in Universities of Shandong, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
\textsuperscript{2}Chongqing Public Security Department of Chengdu Railway Public Security Bureau, Chongqing, China
\textsuperscript{3}Technical Squadron of the Criminal Police Unit of the Lixia Area Sub-bureau of Jinan Municipal Public Security Bureau, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Keywords: fine point lines; change rules; fingerprint identification; automatic fingerprint identification system
Abstract: At present in our country, the automatic fingerprint identification system plays a great role in investigating and solving cases, but technical improvements still need to be made in some places. Current automatic fingerprint identification systems are based on level 1 and level 2 features of fingerprints. But for fingerprint experts, in addition to level 1 and level 2 features, level 3 features are also needed in manual inspection and identification. If these features can be introduced into the identification system, the performance of system will be further improved. The fingerprint fine point line is a typical three level feature, but the basic theories about fine point lines are not perfect at present. Therefore, this paper studies the basic characteristics and the changing rules of fine point lines, and established a new identification method on that basis, which can provide a reference for the establishment of the next generation fingerprint automatic identification system.
1. Introduction
In practical cases, incomplete fingerprints are often extracted. If the fingerprint area has many minutiae features, it will be easy to compare automatically. However, some fingerprints have very few detailed features in a certain area, which brings great difficulties to the automatic identification and manual comparison. If there are fine point lines in the sample, important information will be provided for inspection and identification. Figure 1 shows that process. After enlarging the area in the red box of (a), we can get the image of (b). We can find that there are fewer detailed features in this area, and it is difficult to identify that fingerprint. However, there are many fine point lines in this area. Red dots are marked at minutiae and green dots are marked at fine point lines. As shown in Figure (c), there are 7 minutiae and 27 fine point lines. If the system can extract fine point lines smoothly and use them in the fingerprint comparison, the recognition accuracy of the system will be improved.
Figure 1. (a) is the complete fingerprint image, and the region in the red box is enlarged to obtain (b).
Minutiae in figure (b) are represented by red dots while fine point lines are represented by green dots; figure (c) is obtained.
2. Extraction and Matching of Fine Point Lines
Although fine point lines have high recognition value, only accurate recognition methods can help them to play a role. Yi Chen and A. K. Jain of the United States have published a paper on the identification of fine point lines. The core idea of its extraction algorithm is to use the symmetry of fine point lines. Fine point lines are more symmetrical than normal ridges and valleys because they are located between normal lines and manifest themselves as isolated points or fine lines. The basic process of extracting fine point lines is shown in Figure 2. The picture of (a) is a part of the fingerprint. After skeletonizing the small plough groove, picture (b) is obtained as the skeleton of the small plough groove. The picture (c) is the local phase symmetry image obtained by wavelet processing. It can be found that small plough groove is also detected. If we overlap images of (b) and (c), the white areas shared by the two graphs will be the fine point lines, as shown in Figure (d). Comparing (a) (d), we can find that this method can extract small points and coherent lines accurately.
In the matching process, the result which only compares minutiae and the result which compares minutiae and fine lines are adopted. The matching of minutiae is carried out through the existing matcher. For fine lines, the centroid of the gray image of the fine line is calculated first, so as to obtain the position and direction of the fine line, and match the image accordingly. The experimental results show that result which compares minutiae and fine lines has obviously higher Genuine Accept Rate and lower False Accept Rate than the result which only compares minutiae.
The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the performance of the current recognition system. However, the fingerprint samples used are randomly collected; the changes of fine lines are not taken into account. But fingerprint patterns are affected by the pressing pressure. If we do not consider these changes, the recognition rate of the system will be reduced. According to previous experiments, with the increase of the pressing pressure, fine lines have three changes. New fine lines are produced; fine lines become longer and wider; unconnected fine lines may be linked. The first change has little effects on the experimental results of the aforementioned method, because the change of feature points is a common problem in the fingerprint comparison. The system only calculates the number of feature points that can be matched, and ignore non-matching features. The second case does not produce great effects on the experimental results, because the matching of fine points is based on the centroid of the gray image. Although the fine lines become longer and wider, their positions do not change significantly, so the position of centroid will basically remain unchanged. If the third change occurs, the aforementioned method will have disadvantages. In the case of less pressing pressure, fine lines appear as discontinuous points, and the number of fine lines extracted is the number of fine points. If the pressure increases, two or more fine lines may be connected to form a feature. As shown in Figure 3, the fine lines in the red circle are four isolated points when the pressure is low. When the pressure increases, they become two lines. If using the recognition method previously mentioned, as shown in Figure 4, the number of extracted fine lines will be changed from four to two. Then the number and location of centroid of the fine lines also change, so the fine lines in this area cannot be matched. Therefore, when fine line changes from isolated points to continuous lines, the system cannot realize accurate
matching.
Figure 3. The fine lines in the red circle are four isolated points when the pressure is low. When the pressure increases, they become two lines.
Figure 4. Using the recognition method previously mentioned to mark the centroid of fine lines. When the pressure increases, the number of centroid changes from four to two. The locations of centroid also change.
According to the previous pressure test, it is found that the patterns of fine point lines are obviously affected by the pressure. Therefore, the method of automatic recognition should be adapted to the changes of fine lines. The identification method proposed by Yi Chen and A K Jain should be further improved.
After a lot of observations, it is found that in the case of fine lines changing from discontinuity to coherence, the probability of connecting between two adjacent fine lines is higher, while the cases of three or more fine lines connecting into thin lines are relatively less. In order to reduce the workload of the system, we mainly consider the former changes to improve the identification method. In this paper, a method of second centroid comparison based on local phase symmetry is proposed. The basic idea of this method is to extract fine lines based on local phase symmetry, and calculate the centroid of the gray images of fine lines. The match is carried out based on the position and direction of centroid. If the matching is successful, the result will be recorded. If the matching fails, the system will calculate the value of $d$, namely the distance between $p_1p_2$, the centroid of two adjacent fine lines in the same small plough ditch. If $d$ is greater than $m$ ($m$ is a set value), the system will stop matching. If $d$ is less than or equal to $m$, the figure composed of two fine point lines is regarded as an image. The position and direction of its centroid, $p$, are calculated. The matching is conducted on the basis of $p$. (The matching effect of fine point lines in the red circle of Figure 4 after taking the centroid for the second time is shown in Figure 5. The red dot is the centroid taken in the second time.) If the match is successful, the result will be recorded; if the match fails, the match will be terminated and the result will be output.
Figure 5. The red dot is the new centroid taken for the second time.
The value of $d$ in the figure is the value obtained by observing the changes of adjacent fine point lines. When $d$ is less than or equal to 0.5mm, with the increase of pressure, two adjacent fine points are easy to be connected. When $d$ is more than 0.5mm, the possibility of connecting two fine points is very small. In order to ensure the efficiency of the system, these fine points will not be processed for the second time.
3. Fingerprint Recognition Based on Integrating Level 2 and Level 3 Features
At present in China, the automatic fingerprint recognition system for police is based on detail feature comparison. This method first extracts the starting point, the end point, the bifurcation point and the junction point of the ridge, and then matches these points. For a fingerprint extracted on the spot (i.e. the sample), the investigators manually calibrate its detailed features, and input the calibration results into the fingerprint automatic identification system. Then the computer automatically retrieves and compares the collected fingerprint with fingerprints in the database; the system outputs the matching set with candidate fingerprints according to matching scores from high to low. Afterwards, investigators manually compare these fingerprints in the candidate fingerprint set with the sample. The process is shown in Figure 6. In the case of small scale of fingerprint database, this method can achieve good matching accuracy. However, with the increase of the fingerprint database (some of which have reached the scale of tens of millions), the recognition accuracy of the system declines. In addition, some fingerprints in the scene are incomplete. These fingerprints contain limited minutiae, which put forward higher requirements for the hardware conditions and identification methods of the system.
Compared with minutiae, the level 3 features of fingerprint contain more abundant information. If there are not enough minutiae in fingerprint, it will be difficult to identify the fingerprint by relying solely on level 2 features. If the abundant level 3 features in fingerprints are used, it will be easier to match the sample with fingerprints in the database. With the development of the fingerprint acquisition technology, fingerprint acquisition technology with 1000ppi high resolution ratio has entered the commercial field. Moreover, the technology of fingerprint display and extraction is constantly improving. The level 3 features of fingerprints on the surface of smooth objects can be better displayed through 502 and other appearing techniques. The conditions of fingerprint recognition through level 3 features are gradually mature. With the continuous expansion of the capacity of the fingerprint database, its application value will become increasingly significant. Therefore, this paper proposes a fingerprint recognition method that combines level 2 and level 3 features.
If there are abundant level 2 features in fingerprint, the traditional identification method has the advantages of saving storage space and searching time. After adding level 3 features to fingerprint information, the retrieval accuracy can be improved, but the retrieval time should also be taken into account.
Firstly, after acquiring fingerprints on the spot, it is necessary to mark minutiae and level 3 features of fingerprints. Then, for the fingerprint images input, the fingerprint recognition system needs to process them according to following procedure. First, the number of minutiae in the input fingerprint image should be calculated. If the number of minutiae is less than n (the value of n can be set according to the specific situation), the system will directly search and compare the fingerprint with images in the database according to level 2 and level 3 features. Otherwise, images in the fingerprint database will be screened according to minutiae features. After the preliminary screening, N1 fingerprints (more than 2000) are selected as candidate sets according to matching scores from high to low, and then fingerprints in the candidate set are retrieved and compared according to level 2 and level 3 features. After comparison -- the results obtained are accurate in most cases-- the N2 (less than 10) fingerprints are compared manually.
The advantage of this method is that for most fingerprints, it does not reduce the screening efficiency, but improves the accuracy. For incomplete fingerprints with fewer details, it reduces the screening efficiency. But for some important cases, it is more important to improve the accuracy. In addition, the fingerprint resolution ratio of the current police fingerprint database is unified at 500 ppi. Under this resolution, the level 3 features are very ambiguous and difficult to identify. It takes some time to build 1000ppi fingerprint database. This recognition system can be compatible with 500ppi and 1000ppi fingerprints, and can upgrade AFIS system without affecting the normal work of public security organs.
4. Conclusions
The recognition method proposed in this paper is put forward based on the original recognition theory, and can solve some problems of morphological changes caused by pressure. However, there are many changes in fine point lines. In order to give full play to the recognition value of fine point lines, the following two problems still need to be solved.
Firstly, if we can solve the problem of whether the fine point lines change or not, we will greatly improve the efficiency of recognition. Fine point lines are easy to change. If the material examined is inconsistent with the sample, the manual inspection will be interfered, and there will be no obvious significance of automatic identification. If the material examined is consistent with the sample, it will provide important information for manual identification, and will improve the recognition efficiency of the system. Therefore, to solve this problem is of great significance to the automatic recognition of fine point lines.
Secondly, the pressing conditions have a great influence on the image quality. In the process of pressing, we should try to reduce human interference. If the pressing pressure is too small, the fine point lines will not appear; if the pressing pressure is too big, the fine lines will be connected with normal lines, and it will difficult to extract them through the method proposed in this paper. These circumstances greatly increase the difficulty of recognition. Therefore, in the process of pressing, the pressure should be as close to the pressure of remaining samples as possible.
The identification method proposed in this paper is only a technical sample. To obtain the best scheme, repeated experiments and constant adjustment of parameters are required. In addition, factors such as matching time and space occupied should also be considered in the experiment. Due to limited time, no further work has been carried out to verify it. This paper focuses on the recognition of fine point lines. In the process of practical application, we should continue to explore the application of new technologies such as multi-feature recognition and multi-modal biometric recognition to give full play to the recognition value of fine point lines.
Acknowledgements
In this paper, the research was sponsored by the Foundation for School-level Scientific Research Projects of Shandong University of Political Science and Law. The fruit was achieved by the Academic Innovation Team of Young Teachers Engaging in Forensic Science and Evidence Research, Shandong University of Political Science and Law.
References
[1] Thornton J, Setting Standards in the Comparison and Identification [C]. 84th Annual Training Conference of the California State Division of IAI, Nevada, 2000.
[2] Wertheim K, ACE-V: Is It Scientifically and Accurate [J]. Journal of Forensic Identification, 52(2002) 669–677.
[3] CDEFFS, Data Format for the Interchange of Extended Fingerprint and Palmprint Features [R]. Draft Version 0.4, 2009.
[4] Jain A K, Pores and Ridges: High-Resolution Fingerprint Matching Using Level 3 Features [J]. Pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 29 (2007) 15–27. | 289de481-8f71-4c4a-b1f0-d398bb6e38d8 | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 17,564 |
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Zadužnice predane banci ne mogu se vratiti
Prema stavu Vrhovnog suda RH br Revt-128/07 upisom određenih iznosa u bjanko predaje na banku zadužnice po samom zakonu dobivaju učinak pravomoćnog rješenja o ovrsi, kojom se plijeni tražbina na računima i prenosi na
zadužnice iste gube svojstvo bjanko zadužnica, a časom njihove ovrhovoditelja. Prema odredbi čl. 183. Ovršnog zakona, dužnik može ispravom na kojoj je javno ovjerovljen njegov potpis dati suglasnost da se radi
u toj ispravi, izravno isplaćuje vjerovniku. Takva isprava izdaje se u jednom primjerku i ima učinak pravomoćnog rješenja o ovrsi kojim se naplate tražbine određenog vjerovnika zapljene svi računi koje ima kod banaka te da se novac s tih računa, u skladu s njegovom izjavom sadržanom
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Međutim, s obzirom da se zadužnice ne nalaze kod tuženika, jer je tuženik iste predao na
Tako isto propisano je i odredbom čl. 183. a. OZ-a, koja ima na umu bjanko zadužnicu.
banku, to je postavljeni tužbeni zahtjev prema tuženiku
Kraj izloženog ne pokazuje se odlučnim za presuđenje ovog spora postoji li tražbina tuženika prema tužitelju iz osnova kamata u iznosima upisanim u predmetnim zadužnicama.
usmjeren na predaju zadužnice neosnovan, jer se zadužnica ne nalazi u posjedu tuženika.
Ukoliko bi tuženik temeljem zadužnica koje je dostavio banki naplatio nešto što ga ne pripada, tužitelja bi u tom slučaju pripadalo pravo da u posebnom postupku prema tuženiku postavi zahtjev usmjeren na isplatu određenog iznosa temeljem neosnovano stjecanja. | <urn:uuid:31e4662c-f028-4677-a9df-59a786775019> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/hrv_Latn/train | finepdfs | hrv_Latn | 1,587 |
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Conference Report: Monitoring and Evaluation for Inclusive and Sustainable Food Systems
3-4 April 2019, the Netherlands
Cecile Kusters, Hermine ten Hove, Diane Bosch, Marion Herens and Seerp Wigboldus
Conference Report: Monitoring and Evaluation for Inclusive and Sustainable Food Systems
3-4 April 2019, the Netherlands
Cecile Kusters\textsuperscript{1}, Hermine ten Hove\textsuperscript{1}, Diane Bosch\textsuperscript{1}, Marion Herens\textsuperscript{1} and Seerp Wigboldus\textsuperscript{1}
\textsuperscript{1} Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation
Wageningen, October 2019
Report WCDI-19-066
Kusters, C.S.L., Hove, H.J. ten, Bosch, D.R.B., Herens, M.C., and Wigboldus, S.A. 2019. *Conference report: Monitoring and Evaluation for Inclusive and Sustainable Food Systems*. Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, Wageningen University & Research. Report WCDI-19-066. Wageningen.
This report presents the key highlights and contributions from the conference ‘Monitoring and Evaluation for Inclusive and Sustainable Food Systems’. This conference was held on 3-4 April 2019 in Wageningen, the Netherlands and was the twelfth annual ‘M&E on the Cutting Edge’ conference. This event was organised by Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation (WCDI) in collaboration with Wageningen Economic Research and the Food & Business Knowledge Platform. This conference aimed to seek clarity in the role that monitoring and evaluation can play to support the transition toward inclusive and sustainable food systems.
Keywords: conference, evaluation, monitoring, food systems, sustainable development
This report can be downloaded free of charge at https://doi.org/10.18174/506604 or at www.wur.eu/cdi (“publications”).
© 2019 Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, part of the Stichting Wageningen Research. P.O. Box 88, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands. T + 31 (0)317 48 68 00, E email@example.com, www.wur.eu/cdi.
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Report WCDI-19-066
Photo cover: Percy Cicilia Jr., PCJR | Photography & Designs
# Contents
## 1 About the conference and the report
1.1 Why the conference
1.2 About the programme and the report
## 2 Keynote speeches
2.1 Assessing moving targets: How to evaluate food systems performance and dynamics
2.2 Imagining Alternative Futures for Food Systems
2.3 Healthier diets from sustainable food systems: is this always a win-win?
2.4 Let’s get real. How insights in interests and incentives can make the SDG machinery more effective.
2.5 Trends and Developments in M&E
## 3 Workshops
3.1 Day 1, Round 1
3.1.1 Monitoring dynamics in the food system: feedback mechanisms, archetypes and leverage points
3.1.2 Outcome harvesting: Oxfam Novib’s Right to Food program using a content analysis of its outcome statements to influence
3.1.3 M&E in the complexity of Urban Food Systems
3.2 Day 1, Round 2
3.2.1 M&E of food systems and the use of ‘minimum costs of a healthy diet’ (MCHD) for planning, monitoring and evaluation of agricultural development interventions
3.2.2 An Integrated Assessment Modeling of Food Security in Nigeria
3.2.3 Tracking changes resulting from capacity development interventions with agricultural innovation niche partnerships
3.3 Day 2, Round 3
3.3.1 Food systems performance: the impact of climate change
3.3.2 Case Study: A Food Systems approach to Monitoring and Evaluation
3.3.3 Considering food system change in a fully integrated (holistic) way - towards systemic checklists to inform M&E design
## 4 Key insights
4.1 The need for transformation towards inclusive and sustainable food systems for healthy diets
4.1.1 Hunger and malnutrition still persist; regional variations and women more at risk
4.1.2 Unhealthy and unsustainably produced food poses a global risk to people and the planet 31
4.1.3 Trade-offs, especially between food production and the environment 31
4.1.4 Urgent need for radical transformation of the global food system towards sustainable food production and healthy diets; large-scale and coordinated efforts required 32
4.1.5 Transformation to healthy diets from sustainable food systems requires major shifts 33
4.2 Transforming M&E to support transformation towards inclusive and sustainable food systems for healthy diets 33
4.2.1 Systemic thinking and systems approaches with multiple stakeholders, in multiple sectors at multiple levels 34
4.2.2 Dynamic and flexible M&E for adaptive management 35
4.2.3 Understand food systems, start from consumption and use complementary food system frameworks 35
4.2.4 Zooming in and zooming out - sense making of critical drivers, interactions and dietary choices 36
4.2.5 Understand trade-offs to support decision-making for inclusive and sustainable food systems 37
4.2.6 Scenario thinking and forward-looking evaluations 37
4.2.7 Theories of change for systemic change, from a multilevel perspective 38
4.2.8 Collaborative sense making and learning 38
4.2.9 Complexity sensitive/responsive evaluation approaches and principles 38
4.2.10 Develop adaptive capacities for collaborative sense-making and food system transformation 41
References 43
This report summarises the outline and outputs of the conference ‘Monitoring and Evaluation for Inclusive and Sustainable Food Systems’, which took place on April 3-4, 2019, the Netherlands.
This conference is part of the annual WCDI series ‘M&E on the Cutting Edge’. These annual events are organised by the Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, often in collaboration with partners. So far, the following events have been organised:
**2019 ‘Monitoring and Evaluation for Inclusive and Sustainable Food Systems’**, with prof. dr. Ruerd Ruben, dr. ir. Irene Guijt, dr. ir. Inge Brouwer and Paulina Bizzotto Molina; Wageningen, 3-4 April 2019.
http://tinyurl.com/y84ndnwk
**2018 ‘Communicating Evidence for Sustainable Development’**, with prof. dr. Noelle Aarts and Irene de Goede; Wageningen, 4-5 April 2018
https://tinyurl.com/ycy3gofx
**2017 ‘Measuring what matters in a ‘post-truth’ society’**, with Wendy Asbeek Brusse, Claire Hutchings and Robert Dijkstraerhuis; Wageningen, 6 April 2017
http://tinyurl.com/zd7esy6
**2016 ‘Partnering for Success: How M&E can Strengthen Partnerships for Sustainable Development’**, with Bruce Byiers and Ros Tennyson; Wageningen, 17-18 March 2016
http://tinyurl.com/pr88j6c
**2015 ‘M&E for Responsible Innovation’**, with Prof. Dr. Phil Macnaghten and Dr. Irene Guijt; Wageningen, 19-20 March 2015
http://tinyurl.com/03oucnz
**2014 ‘Improving the use of monitoring and evaluation processes and findings’**, with Marlène Läubli Loud; Ismael Akhalwaya & Carlo Bakker; Wageningen, 20-21 March 2014
http://tinyurl.com/pxhwfws
**2013 ‘Impact evaluation: taking stock and moving ahead’**, with Dr. Elliot Stern and Dr. Irene Guijt; Wageningen, 25-26 March 2013
https://tinyurl.com/jps9wce
**2012 ‘Expert seminar on Developmental Evaluation’ and ‘Global hot issues on the M&E agenda’**, with Dr Michael Quinn Patton; Wageningen, 22-23 March 2012
http://tinyurl.com/nbw29ub
**2011 ‘Realist Evaluation’**, with Dr. Gill Westhorp; Wageningen, 22-23 March 2011
http://tinyurl.com/mhw89ka
**2010 ‘Evaluation Revisited. Improving the Quality of Evaluative Practice by Embracing Complexity’**, Utrecht, 20-21 May 2010
http://evaluationrevisited.wordpress.com/
**2009 ‘Social Return On Investment’**, Wageningen, March 2009
**2009 ‘Innovation dialogue – Being strategic in the face of complexity’**, Wageningen, 31 November and 1 December 2009
http://tinyurl.com/nfxzdpq
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to all the contributors for their willingness and courage to openly share their experiences and concepts. Our thanks go to:
- **Keynote speakers**: prof. dr. Ruerd Ruben (Wageningen University & Research), dr. Irene Guijt (Oxfam GB), dr. ir. Inge Brouwer (Wageningen University & Research) and Paulina Bizzotto Molina (ECDPM);
- **Conference contributions** (parallel sessions, in order of appearance in the programme): Helena Posthumus (KIT – Royal Tropical Institute) and Just Dengerink (Wageningen University and Research); Karen Biesbrouck (Oxfam Novib); Diane Bosch and Marion Herens (Wageningen University & Research); Ferko Bodnár (International Research and Policy Evaluation department (IOB), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands); Ivo Kashimana (Universität Hamburg, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN)); Aurélie Toillier (CIRAD/AgriNatura) and Manuela Bucciarelli (FAO); Esther Koopmanschap (Wageningen University & Research); Ellen Geerlings (Dutch Committee for Afghanistan – Livestock Programs) and Seerp Wigboldus (Wageningen University & Research).
- **Conference facilitators**: Anicha Diemkoudre, Diane Bosch, Dorine de Gast, Gloriana Ndibalema, Herman Brouwer, Linde de Vries, Sara Fiorito, Seerp Wigboldus (Wageningen University & Research), Sylvester Dickson Baguma (NARO-Bulindi Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute) and Nicole Metz (Knowledge Programme for Food Security).
- **Conference organisers**: Cecile Kusters (conference coordinator), Hermine ten Hove, Simone van Vugt, Diane Bosch, Marion Herens, Seerp Wigboldus (Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation), Christine Plaisier (Wageningen Economic Research) and Nicole Metz (Knowledge Programme for Food Security).
Furthermore, we would like to thank Hedwig Bruggeman for her introduction to the conference; Tessa Steenbergen for the video productions that brought the energy of the conference to those who could not attend; Percy Cicilia Jr. for the photographs; Linde de Vries for the drawings in this report, Irene Salverda for her help in promoting and communicating about the conference; and Lotte van den Berg, Eline Perk, Elisabeth Hopperus Buma, Titia Magendans and Maria Soelen for their essential practical support.
Finally, we thank the conference participants who contributed to lively presentations and discussions.
We hope that this conference report and related conference products\(^1\) will further stimulate our thinking around monitoring and evaluation for inclusive and sustainable food systems.
Wageningen, the Netherlands
October 2019
*The conference organisers*
---
\(^1\) Conference products include presentations, videos, photos and a conference report. These can all be downloaded from http://www.managingforimpact.org/conference-products-2019
| Abbreviation | Description |
|--------------|-------------|
| 5C | 5 Capabilities |
| CDAIS | Capacity development for agricultural innovation systems |
| CSO | Civil Society Organisation / Central Statistics Organization |
| DCA | Dutch Committee of Afghanistan |
| DDS | Dietary Diversity Score |
| FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
| FCV | Fragility, Conflict and Violence |
| GAMS | General Algebraic Modelling Systems |
| GHG | Greenhouse Gas |
| HLPE | High Level Panel of Experts |
| LMIC | Low and Middle-Income Countries |
| M&E | Monitoring & Evaluation |
| MCHD | Minimum Cost of a Healthy Diet |
| MEAL | Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning |
| MEL | Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning |
| MLP | Multi-Level Perspective |
| NGO | Non-Governmental Organisation |
| PME | Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation |
| PoU | Prevalence of Undernourishment |
| R2F | Right to Food |
| RA AIS | Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural Innovation Systems |
| RMA | Reflexive Monitoring in Action |
| SDG | Sustainable Development Goal |
| TAP | Tropical Agriculture Platform |
| ToC | Theory of Change |
| UN | United Nations |
| UNDP | United Nations Development Programme |
| WCDI | Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, Wageningen University & Research |
| WEcR | Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University & Research |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| WUR | Wageningen University & Research |
Summary
This conference presents the highlights and contributions from the conference ‘Monitoring and Evaluation for Inclusive and Sustainable Food Systems’. This conference was held on 3-4 April 2019 in Wageningen, the Netherlands and was the twelfth annual ‘M&E on the Cutting Edge’ conference. This conference was organised by Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation (WCDI), Wageningen University & Research, this time in collaboration with Wageningen Economic Research and Food & Business Knowledge Platform. The conference aimed to seek clarity in the role that monitoring and evaluation (M&E) can play in informing and supporting transformation towards inclusive and sustainable food systems for healthy diets. Key insights were drawn from five keynotes and plenary presentations, nine workshops, one synthesis session and one further research.
Throughout the conference, a link was made between food systems and M&E. The main question of the conference was: “How should and can monitoring and evaluation (inform and) support the transition towards inclusive and sustainable food systems?”. Sub-questions included:
- How should M&E (inform and) support food system change, in all its multiple levels, with actors in multiple sectors with multiple incentives and goals?
- How should M&E also engage with and assist the inevitable trade-offs between competing and perhaps contradictory consequences?
Keynote speaker Ruerd Ruben introduced the theme and spoke about how evaluating food system performance and dynamics is like assessing moving targets. Keynote speaker Irene Guijt then introduced how Oxfam GB used scenario analysis in Bangladesh to envisage different scenarios for food systems, and how this could inform policymaking. The importance of sensemaking was stressed. Keynote speaker Inge Brouwer discussed how food systems start with diets, but that achieving multiple objectives (healthy, sustainable, inclusive, affordable) can be challenging. Keynote speaker Paulina Bizzotto Molina stressed the importance of horizontal and vertical linking and how feedback loops can help monitoring to be linked to policymaking. Cecile Kusters explained how trends in M&E follow international trends in development, and that M&E itself needs to be transformed in order to support the complexity of food system transformation.
Key insights are described around the need for transformation towards inclusive and sustainable food system for healthy diets, and around the need to transform M&E itself. We see that hunger and malnutrition still persist, with regional variations, and women facing a larger risk. Having unhealthy and unsustainably produced food poses a global risk to people and the planet. Even the production of nutritious food can have negative environmental effects, which is only one of the trade-offs that exist on the road to reach the Zero Hunger target by 2030. For a radical transformation of the global food system towards sustainable food production and healthy diets, there is a need for systemic thinking and systems approaches with multiple stakeholders in multiple sectors at multiple levels. Large-scale and coordinated efforts are required, which in turn requires a transformation of M&E.
M&E can inform and support the transition towards inclusive and sustainable food systems. It can generate information to help understand food systems (starting from consumption) and identify trade-offs in order to support decision-making. M&E can build on and complement existing food systems frameworks. To fulfil these roles, M&E needs to be dynamic and flexible to allow for adaptive management, and use approaches that are sensitive and responsive to complexity. Flexible theories of change for systemic change can be used to inform decision-making, from a multilevel perspective. Principles, rather than specific methods and techniques are crucial. Zooming in and zooming out is needed so as to make sense of critical drivers, interactions, and dietary choices. Scenario thinking and forward-looking evaluations are also needed, as food system transformation needs to focus on the future and be prepared for different scenarios as a result of critical factors. In turn, these processes need collaborative sensemaking and learning. This proposed M&E transformation requires adaptive capacities for collaborative sensemaking and food system transformation.
1 About the conference and the report
1.1 Why the conference
“The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development puts forward a transformational vision recognizing that our world is changing, bringing with it new challenges that must be overcome if we are to live in a world without hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition in any of its forms. The world population has grown steadily, with most people now living in urban areas. Technology has evolved at a dizzying pace, while the economy has become increasingly interconnected and globalized. Many countries, however, have not witnessed sustained growth as part of this new economy. The world economy as a whole is not growing as much as expected. Conflict and instability have increased and become more intractable, spurring greater population displacement. Climate change and increasing climate variability and extremes are affecting agricultural productivity, food production and natural resources, with impacts on food systems and rural livelihoods, including a decline in the number of farmers. All of this has led to major shifts in the way in which food is produced, distributed and consumed worldwide and to new food security, nutrition and health challenges” (FAO, 2019c).
“The burden of malnutrition across the world remains unacceptably high, and progress unacceptably slow. Malnutrition is responsible for more ill health than any other cause. Children under five years of age face multiple burdens: 150.8 million are stunted, 50.5 million are wasted and 38.3 million are overweight. Meanwhile 20 million babies are born of low birth weight each year. Overweight and obesity among adults are at record levels with 38.9% of adults overweight or obese, stretching from Africa to North America, and increasing among adolescents. Women have a higher burden than men when it comes to certain forms of malnutrition: one third of all women of reproductive age have anaemia and women have a higher prevalence of obesity than men. Millions of women are still underweight” (Fanzo et al., 2018).
“Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals cannot happen without ending hunger and malnutrition and without having sustainable and resilient, climate-compatible agriculture and food systems that deliver for people and planet” (United Nations, n.d.)
“The global food system must operate within boundaries for human health and food production to ensure healthy diets from sustainable food systems for nearly 10 billion people by 2050” (Willett et al., 2019)”. “Global food production threatens climate stability and ecosystem resilience. It constitutes the single largest driver of environmental degradation and transgression of planetary boundaries. Taken together the outcome is dire. A radical transformation of the global food system is urgently needed. Without action, the world risks failing to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement” (Prof. Johan Rockström in Willett et al. (2019)).
In order to feed a growing population sustainably, radical changes are needed of the global food system. The problems at hand are vast and need to be addressed by a wide range of stakeholders. Malnutrition is unacceptably high and the food we eat is often unhealthy, with a high consumption of fat, sugar, salt and meat. This type of diet has a negative impact on our health and the environment. In addition, our food is less diverse. Another problem is that food is wasted. Furthermore, our natural resources are under pressure. These problems are intensified by climate change. This shows that our food system, including production, processing, distribution and consumption, must be transformed, to produce healthier food for a growing population and to reduce its environmental impact. This requires collaboration between different stakeholders to produce and eat food differently. See also the following video: https://tinyurl.com/yynztklj (UN Environment, 2016).
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) can play an important role in supporting stakeholders in the transition process towards a more inclusive and sustainable food system, so as to feed the world with healthy diets from sustainable food systems. But little is known about how this can be done. That is the focus of this conference.
1.2 About the programme and the report
This two-day conference centres around the following key conference question: “How should and can monitoring and evaluation support the transition towards inclusive and sustainable food systems?” Sub-questions included: How should M&E support food system change, in all its multiple levels, with actors in multiple sectors with multiple incentives and goals? How should M&E also engage with and assist the inevitable trade-offs between competing and perhaps contradictory consequences?
The conference was created through rich and diverse sessions offered to the 115 participants from Africa, Asia, North America, South America and Europe. Cecile Kusters, the conference coordinator and Hedwig Bruggeman, director, both from Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation (WCDI), opened the conference. The first keynote speech “Around Assessing moving targets: How to evaluate food systems performance and dynamics” by prof. dr. Ruerd Ruben (Wageningen University & Research) set the scene for the conference with an introduction to food systems as well as sharing ideas on implications for M&E to support the transition towards inclusive and sustainable food systems. The second keynote speaker Dr. Irene Guijt (Oxfam GB) then presented a case study from Bangladesh, which used scenario thinking and sense making to support decision-making on trade-offs between food security and the environment. In the afternoon, two rounds of parallel sessions were organised to stimulate more thinking around the topic of existing cases.
On the second day of the conference, after a short reflection on the previous day, the third keynote speaker Dr. Ir. Inge Brouwer looked at what extent healthier diets from sustainable food systems can be a win-win situation, and discuss some implications for M&E. The fourth keynote speaker Paulina Bizzotto Molina looked at how policy and practice can be bridged and what are the implications for M&E to support policy decisions. The morning session was then concluded by Cecile Kusters sharing the results of a quick survey that was done by interviewing key international evaluation experts on international trends and developments, and implications for M&E. In the afternoon, the third round of parallel sessions provided more insights from practical examples, and the conference was concluded with a participatory synthesis session.
The report provides summaries of the keynote presentations and brief introductions, on the parallel workshops. At the end of every contribution, a link to the presentation is given. More detailed information on each topic, including background papers, presentations, videos and photos, can be found at https://tinyurl.com/y5xgc3fz .
2 Keynote speeches
2.1 Assessing moving targets: How to evaluate food systems performance and dynamics
Ruerd Ruben
Impact Assessment for Food Systems, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Food systems start with diets, but matching different objectives (healthy, sustainable, inclusive, affordable) can be challenging
The first keynote speaker, Ruerd Ruben, kicked off the conference by indicating that the entry point for food systems should be diets and consumer behaviour. Food systems try to pursue different objectives, which is also one of the main challenges. Food needs to be healthy for the consumer, sustainable in the way it is being produced, and inclusive in the way that poorer people are involved in the food system, and affordable. It’s very difficult to meet all these criteria. So how can we support food systems that meet different criteria? He suggested to use 6 entry points for a food systems approach: start with consumption; link technical and behaviour change; focus on critical drivers of change; involve multiple stakeholders – public, private & civic actors; match local to global outcomes; identify solutions in other areas than where the problem occurs. It is not about fixing problems but looking at the longer term, where we want to be. A food system consists of all elements (people, inputs, environment, processes, infrastructure, institutions, etc.), activities related to production, processing, distribution, preparation and consumption of food, and the outputs of these activities, including social, economic and environmental outcomes. With a clear focus on nutrition and health outcomes and a central role for diets. We need to realize the triple burden of nutrition, including stunting & wasting, micro-nutrient deficiencies and overweight.
Impact fallacies
Ruerd warned the audience of making assumptions about routes to impact too quickly. For example, there is evidence that higher yields or reductions of food losses do not always improve nutrition. This depends, for example, on who controls the financial resources.
How to do food systems analysis?
There are two dimensions in doing food systems analysis: 1. Structure (static, short-term) - what is the dietary outcome? Where can we intervene (drivers)? Who to engage in the pathways of change? 2. Behaviour (dynamics) – link demand and supply side; combine technical and behaviour change; consider local and global effects. Key elements of FAO model are: drivers (e.g. population growth, difficult to influence), components (can be modified: food supply chain; food environment (governance); consumer behaviour – interaction is critical) and outcomes (diets, health). Food system transitions are adaptive systems where interactions and multiple actions take place at multiple levels, with multiple agents, which needs to be the subject of analysis. Often there are trade-offs, and you need the intelligence of many people to deal with many problems, overcome trade-offs, support synergies and make food systems work.
M&E of food systems and their transitions
Food systems and their outcomes are a moving target, so you need to be involved in and evaluate the change processes. You have to know what is pushing or holding back agents (drivers) and understand how multiple actions and critical mass can lead to tipping points. We also need to understand the interactions between people, and actions at different levels, and capture behavioral responses. Look at formal and informal systems. Outcomes of the food system are uncertain and we need to accept that. Since food systems are dynamic, M&E cannot be linear, but rather needs to look at relationships and systems that are non-linear, where structures are both formal and informal. M&E needs to look at what is emerging, and thus capture dynamic cause-effect relationships.
For M&E to engage with, capture and support dynamic food system transitions, there is need to focus on the complex interactions (and feedback loops) between multiple agents, multiple actions at multiple levels, as currently there is inadequate knowledge on how the food system environment, the value chain and consumer choices are linked. M&E can help to understand the drivers of food systems, such as urbanization, growth etc. M&E also needs to assess and help to overcome trade-offs between multiple outcomes and also help to think through the diversity of food system pathways. For this the engagement of diverse stakeholders are needed so as to pull together many ideas for solving many issues in the food system. Engaging with many stakeholders also means having a deep dive into the conflicts and bargaining processes. There is an urgent need to understand how dynamic change happens in food systems, and how the interactions (in the food environment, value chain and consumer behavior) as a result of stakeholders’ actions (eg policy incentives, business innovations, civic driven-campaigns) and related conditions, influence people’s behavior and thus the outcomes of the food system. The interactions are more important than the interventions themselves. This calls for other on the one hand developing theories of change for food systems and on the other hand making explicit the stories of change in food systems, how change happens. M&E approaches such as process tracing, outcome harvesting and narratives, whilst there is also need to do experiments (what might work, which combination of interventions) and real-time M&E.
Get in touch: Email: firstname.lastname@example.org | Twitter: @RRuerd | Website: https://tinyurl.com/y3zrdqtt | Slides and video: http://www.managingforimpact.org/keynote-speakers-2019
2.2 Imagining Alternative Futures for Food Systems
Irene Guijt
Head of Research and Publishing at Oxfam Great Britain, U.K.
“We are taught that M&E is backward looking, always looking at past. M&E is also an exercise in bounding: what is in what is about. And M&E is blinkered: we are taught to focus.”
The second keynote speaker, Irene Guijt started by saying that in M&E, we are taught to be backward looking, and retrospectively make sense of our path and the journey. So it is always looking at the past. It is also an exercise in bounding: in M&E you have to decide what’s in your scrutiny and what’s outside, from a systems perspective. And M&E is blinkered: we are taught to focus. So we come to a snapshot of evaluative judgement. But what is the trajectory after that snapshot? The evaluative judgement can play tricks with us to say that situations are better or worse if they’re not
nested within a bigger systems perspective. But often, we don’t look at the assumptions we make about the future.
**Mapping alternative pathways or scenarios in Bangladesh**
Irene then introduced the case of Bangladesh, which is very much focused on achieving the SDGs. The country has focused on SDG2, ending hunger, but it didn’t pay attention to whether this could be sustained, combined with global gas emission policy objectives that it signed up. Whilst they take the SDGs seriously, they take them seriously one by one, and that is part of the problem. The food system nexus is an area where many SDGs connect, and there are many pathways to get there, each of them creating winners and losers along the way. But how much time do we spend actually mapping out the possible pathways, imagining of the alternative futures? Oxfam used scenario thinking for this process. They looked at how food systems can be tackled, not only from the perspective of hunger, but also affordable and clean energy and gender inequality. But the food and climate people are looked not looking at this in an integrated way. Bangladesh focuses a lot on SDG2 (ending hunger) and is doing a lot of work that is forward-looking, and has a very long planning horizon for its delta works. So there is a vision. But how do we make choices about possible trade-offs? The example of the Oxfam project is about how to engage in a conversation, in order to make sense of the data.
The main question for me Bangladesh project is: “If the current food system continues with business as usual, can it maintain high food security levels for Bangladesh? What will be the major challenges (such as climate change, population increase, urbanisation) for the Bangladesh food system in 30 to 50 years from now? So what are the pathways for Bangladesh?” They used scenario planning, in which they used existing data to explore possible descriptions of the future. Data from today – what might it look like tomorrow. Scenarios are plausible situations of how the future may develop. You can explore scenarios in order to make choices for the future. How do you have a conversation where you pull all the information together and start to have a conversation about a possible future. You have to make people care about the data, curious and ready to see that there are trade-offs.
**Four different scenarios**
The research project focused on the possible pathways towards a zero hunger goal and a zero emissions (later framed as ‘low carbon emissions’) goal, so as to initiate a national conversation that brought these two together. A 2 x 2 matrix was developed, based on the two most influential and the most uncertain drivers: governance and environmental management. This led to 4 different scenarios: the Green Road, the Middle Road, the Divided Road, and the Rocky Road. Discussions were held on these scenarios with a wide range of stakeholders.
**Lessons for M&E**
What can we learn from this? To focus not only on projects and programs, but put the boundary wider, on (food) systems. We also need to invest not only in the known, but also in understanding the unknown. Thirdly, we need to understand behaviour. How is society responding to what is needed to change? There is a need for integrated information systems, including response evaluation. Unpack the different dimensions in a food system. Currently not being done, as people make decisions based on very limited information. Fourth, we need to be forward looking, as well as backward casting. Bring scenario thinking into the M&E practice, and allow uncertainty to be looked at. Fifth, we need to invest more in sensemaking of the data as it’s people who have to make decisions based on the analysis. M&E profession needs to get its act together and start to be more serious in terms of competence, time and money in sensemaking.
*Get in touch:* Email: email@example.com | Twitter: @guijti | Website: https://www.oxfam.org.uk/ | Slides and video: http://www.managingforimpact.org/keynote-speakers-2019
2.3 Healthier diets from sustainable food systems: is this always a win-win?
Inge Brouwer
Associate Professor at the Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research
**Statements**
1. Dietary diversity is the best indicator to use to follow whether food system transformations lead to healthier diets.
2. A diet rich in plant-based foods and with fewer animal source foods confers with both improved health and environmental benefits.
3. A protein transition (shift from animal sourced to plant-sourced protein) is needed for better climate and public health.
Inge started her keynote by asking the audience to reflect on three major ideas that come up in many discussions on food systems, including those at the first day of the conference. Are these statements (in the box at the left) true or false, when you take low and middle income countries in mind?
**Entry points for food systems transformation**
Everybody agrees that food systems need to transform. But our worries differ as per our discipline (Bene et al. World Development, 2019):
Agronomists are mainly concerned about whether our food systems are able to feed the future world population. The question that this conference was opened with, “Can we feed 9 billion people?” is an agriculturist worry, a concern about food security. Closing the yield gap is a priority for this group.
Nutritionists worry about the rising levels of malnutrition. Undernutrition or stunting is reducing, but very slowly, and overweight and obesity are rapidly rising, along with diet-related non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. They are worried about nutrition security, and they think of closing the nutrient gap, and improving the quality of the diets that we consume.
Social scientists are more concerned about the inability of the system to produce equal or equitable benefits. Food systems at present are excluding some groups from having access to, for example, healthier diets. The priorities of actions are related to decentralization, grass-roots autonomy for those who do not have access at the moment. The last group is the agro-ecologists. They are worried because we are finishing our natural resources if we continue with our food systems as they are. As a priority, they would like to focus on reducing the foot print of the system.
“We have to step out of our own expertise and see whether we can combine all of these worries, to identify actions to transform our food systems.”
**Starting from healthy diets**
Inge argued that we should break from looking at production first, and take healthy diets as a starting point for food system transformation. The HLPE 2017 model of food systems gives a central role to diets. It looks at the components of the food system leading to diets, the drivers of the food system, and the multiple outcomes of a food system not only related to diet and health, but also to social, economic and environmental impacts.
Click to download the HLPE 2017 report (framework is on page 26).
What is a healthy diet?
A diet should optimise health. Simply put: it shouldn’t be too little, and it shouldn’t be too much. “Not too little” has to do with adequacy: consuming sufficient energy and nutrients. We know from research that better nutrient adequacy is associated with increased dietary diversity. “Not too much” means that we have to look at moderation of intake of less healthy foods and components such as sugar, salt and sugar sweetened beverages.
We like to have a healthy diet expressed in foods (instead of nutrients), because that’s what people actually eat. The distinction between beneficial and harmful foods is based on the best available evidence, preferably based on systematic reviews and meta-analysis of many studies on the same topic. As consumers, we can’t use this list. These foods should be translated into a diet that is affordable, acceptable, available and safe. That results in food-based dietary guidelines, and these should be specific to the country that you work in.
Dietary diversity as an indicator
Not a lot of countries have food-based dietary guidelines. A proxy to judge diet quality is the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS). It’s embraced by many agricultural programmes. It makes use of ten to twelve food groups depending whether it is measured at individual or household level. If food from a group is consumed, it gets assigned a score of 1. In the end, you’ll have a total score ranging between 0 and 12. Inge presented findings of a study on consumption in Bangladesh and Vietnam. Data show that most households consume fruits and vegetables. If someone would go by this data alone, they would not see a reason to intervene. However, DDS has some crucial limitations. Taking into account the amounts consumed paints a different picture: way too little fruit is consumed in both countries, and also too little vegetables in Vietnam. This has implications for an intervention: it means that households do not need to be convinced to eat these products, but they need to be convinced to eat more of it. Inge concludes dietary diversity can be a good indicator, but if you want to take healthy diets as a starting point, we’ll need to combine with other indices and indicators.
Plant-based versus sustainable diets
We want to have sustainable diets that are healthy. Globally, we should consume less animal-sourced foods in order to reduce production and emissions. But if we look at the low and middle income countries (the few that we have data on), we see that meats or animal sourced foods do not contribute much to greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing consumption of animal-sourced foods in LMIC will not contribute much to lowering greenhouse gas emission, but will certainly contribute to a lower adequacy of the diet. If the populations of LMIC will eat according to their recommended diets, they would actually have to eat more meat, and the greenhouse gas emissions will increase. So, a healthy diet is not necessarily environmentally sustainable, and a plant-based diet not necessarily healthy.
The need for a protein transition
Will our protein intake become inadequate if we leave out animal-sourced foods? Currently, there’s an overconsumption of protein – we eat more than we need. Do we need to replace the animal-sourced food with plant proteins? Probably not from a nutrition point of view. The Great Protein Fiasco in the ‘70s taught us that a protein shortage usually is accompanied by an energy deficit that causes protein to be used as a source of energy instead of its other functions. If you consume a more or less normal diet, you will have sufficient protein (and sufficient essential amino acids). The paper that finally debunked the Great Protein Fiasco argued that it was unethical to continue to spend resources in producing protein-rich foods, reducing the problem of malnutrition from a social-political problem to a technical, particularly medical problem.
Conclusions
At the end of the keynote, we looked back on the statements that were presented. These reflect food system paradigms. Paradigms lead where we invest money in, are leading what kind of research is done, is leading about how we are thinking about transformation of food systems, in what kind of direction it has to go. But are they true?
| Original statement | Conclusion |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Dietary diversity is the best indicator to use to follow whether food system transformations lead to healthier diets. | Dietary diversity is a good indicator but needs to be supplemented with other indicators if you take healthy diets as a starting point for intervention. |
| A diet rich in plant-based foods and with fewer animal source foods confers with both improved health and environmental benefits. | Some countries eat very few animal sourced foods and would have to consume more to meet their recommended intake. Other countries currently eat a lot of animal-sourced food and should consume a diet rich in plant-based foods and with fewer animal source foods, conferring with both improved health and environmental benefits. |
| A protein transition (shift from animal sourced to plant-sourced protein) is needed for better climate and public health. | From a nutrition point of view, just leaving out meat without replacing the protein with plant based proteins in Western diets, would not harm adequacy of protein intake but we should be worried more about the adequacy of zinc, iron and vitamin B12 intake. |
Get in touch: Email: firstname.lastname@example.org | Website: wur.nl/en/Persons/Inge-dr.ir.-ID-Inge-Brouwer.htm | Slides and video: tinyurl.com/y4uzg5jl
2.4 Let's get real. How insights in interests and incentives can make the SDG machinery more effective.
Paulina Bizzotto Molina
Policy Officer at ECDPM
Interacting with food systems is like a waterbed: if you push somewhere, it will go up elsewhere.
Paulina’s keynote was about “bridging policy to practice”. She started by briefly discussing the shifts that we’ve seen in the last years in inclusive and sustainable food systems. From a focus on increasing production, to the four pillars of food security and value chain approaches, and putting consumption in a more central place in agricultural and rural development thinking. Food systems are about the interactions between the elements in the system. That’s also the hardest part and the challenging part. Paulina stressed the importance of talking about trade-offs, and to identify these leverage points, or entry points. What are the drivers, where is the give in the system? There’s not going to be one magic bullet, you will have to use that system’s view. We tend to only talk about the environmental sustainability of the diet, and not so much about social or political sustainability, which remains under-researched. The cultural acceptability (and we all know how crucial that is, when you talk about behavioural change), for example: it’s all about what we feel is good, and what is accepted, and social norms that can make things change very fast, or make change very hard. A plenary discussion on which actors are working with food systems approaches yielded a nice overview, but confirmed that **we should lobby for a broad adoption of a food systems approach** to other sectors, like trade, spatial planning and natural resource management.
There are many parallels between the SDGs and food systems thinking, especially when you look at the key principles: universality, and the interrelatedness of the goals. For food systems, we also have to look at multi-actor, multi-level, multi-sector dimensions, going beyond aid or government.
ECDPM did a study on SDGs and governance arrangements, together with the policy and governance unit at the FAO. The focus of this study was to look at where countries stand 4 years down the road. The study tried to find out what actually works to catalyse change on the ground. Paulina explained: ‘We tried to look at the interrelatedness especially – the importance of integrated policy making, as well as vertical and horizontal integration and stakeholder engagement. We added a political economy angle to it, to really try to understand interests and incentives of different stakeholders: to help move or block change.’ Part of the study was a survey among FAO regional representatives and experts, and asked them their insights on what kind of SDG arrangements countries are putting in place, what kind of innovations they see in integrated policy making and what countries they feel would make for valuable case studies. The report of the study is expected to be published before the summer.
In terms of **horizontal integration**, there are lessons to be learned from policy coherence, for example in nexus approaches. Often, they are still thought of as OECD countries affairs. But the SDG policy agenda is asking of countries to be more coherent in their policies. Policy coherence in OECD countries has had a long trajectory of designing and implementing mechanisms of which middle- and low-income countries could also take advantage. Adopting a food systems approach can help address systemic issues in a much better way than classical sector-focused approaches. ‘With regard to **vertical integration,**’ Paulina mentioned, ‘we saw that ownership, or political commitment to the SDGs lingers a lot at that highest level. There are SDG government arrangements, but there’s little trickle down to local government and to local actors even less.’ This was also reported by the FAO representatives: ownership of SDGs is very high at national level, but low at the local levels. But: also
UNDP Mali: “The local level is where it happens, but we find it hard to work with local level actors.”
from within FAO, the importance of local actors is being more and more acknowledged, and there is a very big interest to adopt a more territorial approach, as a place where adopting a food systems approach and a more multi-sector approach is more feasible in terms of scale. There are a lot of caveats to add there, of course. Processes of decentralization do not necessarily mean decentralization of resources. Responsibilities are devolved, but resources and capacities are often not, so it is not a panacea, but the framing can help. The SDG paradigm calls for strong engagement with stakeholders. But in the end, very little translation takes place on the ground and in practice.
There’s a lot of effort and investment on measuring SDG progress, but not so much on learning and supporting partner countries in building feedback loops of bridging monitoring to policy decision making. That’s where the political comes in. There’s an understandable bias towards relatively easy indicators. We also have to acknowledge that you have to strike a balance between being able to communicate progress and not wanting to confuse people by showing the complexity. An example is using a traffic light or a scorecard, which communicates progress easily and which could also change policy makers behaviour. A head of state can ask their agricultural minister “Why do we score red on this?”. The assumption is that peer pressure can make an influence in changing behaviour of decision-makers. But at the same time: it does risk us going back into just simplifying progress, for example by only stressing productivity increase. The decision to invest in higher levels of disaggregation is a very political one, too. It’s not so telling if malnutrition indicators at national level are sufficient, if there are huge regional disparities.
In Medellin, Colombia, a participatory approach to scenario building, involving different stakeholders, and a strong drive from civil society, contributed to the public energy company remaining a state-owned company. That company, APM, became a crucial change maker, and a very important source of resources. These processes have been instrumental in changing policy makers and private sector behaviour in the region of Medellin. The city council has incorporated an SDG dashboard, which monitors progress on a number of indicators that are prioritised in a participatory way. You can zoom in to neighbourhood level, and see how the council doing in terms of X, Y, Z. If a next mayor is less willing to show progress, he will have a hard time to take the dashboard away. This institutionalising of accountability, and using SDGs as a tool for that, is a nice example of the power of ideas. The experience of Medellin has contributed to Colombia’s frontrunner role in the global debates around the SDGs. But there are limits. We see that in the fragile post-conflict rural areas in Colombia, the ingrained power disparities are such that an SDG agenda does not have the power to fundamentally change that.
Trade-offs are unavoidable and need to be navigated. We should not lie to ourselves: it’s not always going to be a win-win. Incorporating better insights in interests and incentives of the different stakeholders that move or block change in the system is important. We also need to understand how ideas play a role and can change, help in building coalitions, identify the windows of opportunity and be ready for when they open up. It’s all about navigating the waves of interests, but also spotting, supporting and learning from the black swans - the positive deviants. Look out for those organisations or actors that are innovating in making change happen, even in the most complex environments. ‘They are the experts of the system,’ Paulina notes. ‘They know where that “give” is, so learn from them.’
Understand what drives policy makers change their behaviour. This means that a more systematic political economy analysis should be included.
Further reading: The M&E of partnerships by Leda Stott and Report: Policy coherence for agricultural transformation in African least developed countries (LDCs) by Sean Woolfrey and Paulina Bizzotto Molina.
Get in touch: Email: email@example.com | Website: ecdpm.org/people/paulinabizzottomolina/ | Slides and video: tinyurl.com/y4uzg5jl
Cecile Kusters shared the key findings from a quick review that was done to find out about the key international trends and developments, and trends and developments in planning, monitoring and evaluation. Next to a quick literature review, interviews have been held with colleagues, and, more importantly, international evaluation experts.
**Climate change high on the agenda; SDGs leading**
Climate change has been indicated as the most important challenge that needs to be addressed, since it affects other key challenges, like food and nutrition insecurity, conflict security and migration. We need to be prepared to feed a growing population that increasingly moves from rural to urban areas. With this, inequality is an important issue that needs to be addressed, since about 82% of the world’s wealth is in the hands of the richest 1%, while some 3.7 billion people are amongst the poorest of the world. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is an important agenda for all countries and stakeholders to collaborate in an action plan for people, planet and prosperity. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) show that challenges are interconnected and need partnership (SDG 17). Monitoring and evaluation can play a supportive role to assess how these challenges are interconnected, and helps think through options for the future. This is particularly important in an era where the political climate is changing (increasing populism), the aid sector is changing with a shrinking space for civil society, and fake news increasingly is being used to misinform society.
**M&E to support transformation towards SDGs needs sense making, adaptive management and complexity sensitive approaches**
With increasing attention for the SDGs, there is also increasing attention to monitor and evaluate progress towards the SDGs and support transformation towards these SDGs, as is also indicated by the global evaluation agenda. Evaluators can play an important role in helping to understand this complexity, such as in food systems, by using complexity sensitive evaluation approaches and technology supported evidence for transparency and development. With this, they can play a role in communicating complexity to different stakeholders involved. This calls for moving from the fixation on indicators (232 for the SDGs!), targets (169 for the SDGs) and numbers, towards evaluative thinking and sense making, so as to make more informed choices for the future. Dealing with complexity needs adaptive management and this calls for more systemic, flexible and complexity sensitive M&E approaches.
**Deal with the politics of evaluation and communicate evidence**
Evaluations are political. The bigger the evaluation, the higher the stakes and the more political it becomes. As evaluators, we need to deal with this, and speak truth to power.
Evaluators and other professionals to develop capacity and engage with transformation
Dealing with complexity calls for different competencies of professionals and capacities of organisations. Evaluators need to develop their capacity and engage with transformation, as “transformation implies paradigms shifts, alternatives, innovations and transitions” (Zenda Ofir). According to MQ Patton “we need evaluators knowledgeable about and competent in global systems analysis” (M.Q. Patton), whilst M. Tarsilla indicates that evaluators need “to get out of their comfort zone and cross technical and personal boundaries and move towards more resilient evaluation practices”. With this, evaluators need to develop their capacity in complexity and systems thinking, as well is evaluative thinking and sense making, whilst being more inclusive in the way M&E is carried out. This also calls for other professionals to develop their competencies in M&E in support of adaptive management towards sustainable development.
Get in touch: Email: firstname.lastname@example.org | Twitter: @cecilekusters | Website: https://tinyurl.com/yytbf17t | http://www.managingforimpact.org/ | Slides and video: http://www.managingforimpact.org/trends-and-developments-me
3 Workshops
3.1 Day 1, Round 1
3.1.1 Monitoring dynamics in the food system: feedback mechanisms, archetypes and leverage points
Helena Posthumus
Senior advisor, KIT - Royal Tropical Institute (the Netherlands)
Just Dengerink
Impact Analyst Sustainable Value Chain Development, Wageningen Economic Research - Wageningen University and Research (the Netherlands)
This workshop presented the food system decision-support tool, that is currently being developed by Wageningen UR and KIT Royal Tropical Institute. This tool takes users through various steps to get insights in food system dynamics, in order to identify leverage points for change and support the design of development policies and programs. The tool is based on systems thinking and system dynamics.
The preliminary results of the application of the tool for a case study on food systems in Nigeria were presented. Participants discussed some of the archetypes and dynamics in food systems in smaller groups, where power relations and skewed information were recognized as important drivers of system behaviour. Improving access to market information, strengthening farmer organization and reducing post-harvest losses were identified as possible leverage points for improving the sustainability of the Nigerian food system.
Finally, a range of possible improvements of the food systems decision-support tool were discussed in plenary. It was suggested that gathering more information from local stakeholders, such as NGO’s and grassroots organizations, might improve our understanding of the food system. Others indicated that the role of gender could be more prominent in the food systems analyses. Finally, it was suggested to create a library of food systems archetypes, that could help people using the tool to make better sense of the dynamics in the food system.
For more information, see:
https://www.kit.nl/project/food-systems-decision-support-tool/
https://www.wur.nl/en/Research-Results/Research-Institutes/Economic-Research/Research-topics-1/Nourishing-the-world/Food-Systems-Decision-Support-tool.htm
Get in touch: Email: email@example.com and firstname.lastname@example.org | Slides: tinyurl.com/y2dm9lku
"We like the food systems framework because it provides a checklist and points at vulnerabilities, but it is also important to take dynamics into account: what happens at the interface, where does the magic happen?"
3.1.2 Outcome harvesting: Oxfam Novib’s Right to Food program using a content analysis of its outcome statements to influence
Karen Biesbrouck
Global M&E specialist Food, Land and Water and Project leader on Outcome Harvesting for Impact Measurement and Knowledge, Oxfam Novib (the Netherlands)
Using policy as an entry point, combinations of tactics and tools enable Oxfam Novib’s Right to Food (R2F) programme to contribute to changing food system dynamics. The programme aims at policy changes and increased political will in public and private sector actors in eight different countries and at global level on the following issues:
- Access to and governance of systems that support resilient livelihoods of small holder food producers such as land and inputs;
- Fair value creation and increased transparency in value chains; and
- Secure predictable flows of finance for small holder food producers and climate finance.
To document results of its influencing work, Oxfam Novib systematically used the Outcome Harvesting methodology. Among other things, outcome statements describe an observable social change plus what contributed to this change. A large-scale deductive analysis of these outcome statements is part of Oxfam Novib’s ongoing learning on “How did these changes to which we contributed really happen, in relation to our Theory of Change?”.
Oxfam Novib shared the findings from the content analysis of a vast set\(^2\) of R2F outcome statements, which largely confirmed its Theory of Change:
- Advocacy by strengthened CSOs and alliances were successful mechanisms leading to achieved outcomes at the different administrative levels and in all three themes. Working in alliances actually played a role in 54 of the 100 of the outcome statements analysed.
- Increased citizen’s voice worked as pathway towards change on “Access to and governance of systems supporting livelihoods” in Indonesia, Cambodia, and Myanmar; in Cambodia and Myanmar, communities were first strengthened (with trainings, knowledge about rights, laws etc.), empowering them to speak up to authorities. It also worked on secure and predictable flows of finance in Indonesia.
- The media was an ally towards change in Cambodia, Indonesia, and Nigeria on governance of systems supporting livelihoods, in Nigeria on secure and predictable flows of finance; and in Vietnam on Fair and Transparent Value chains.
Next to such confirmations, Oxfam Novib’s analysis triggered learning from interesting outliers. For instance, we noticed that legal action by groups of citizens successfully supported influencing work on access to and governance of land at local level. It did so in three cases: In Indonesia, where fisherfolks and civil society filed a lawsuit to cancel permits for creation of artificial islands; in Cambodia, villagers turned to the Compliance Advisory Ombudsmen to get their land back, and other villagers elsewhere used the provincial court to protect their forestland.
Findings from Oxfam Novib’s content analysis were input for dialogues among workshop participants on mechanisms triggering increased political will in governmental and private sector actors towards more just food systems. The participants in the debate on the private sector emphasised the effectiveness of NGO long term engagement with in-company allies, combining the use of evidence from previous successes with campaigning, e.g. by benchmarking to create a race-to-the-top with peers. Interestingly, they encouraged Oxfam to also scrutinise the effectiveness of combinations of several influencing strategies.
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\(^2\) The analysis summarized here covered 100 outcome statements harvested up to spring 2018 in the Right to Food program. Similar analyses were made of another 100 outcome statements in two parallel thematic programs, leading to comparable results.
The presentation also covered the use of the findings from this analysis in finetuning influencing strategies. The analysis deepened Oxfam’s understanding of processes contributing to policy and practice changes towards a more just food system. This helped us to build the narrative of the strategic partnership (which was substantiated in the midterm review), it validated and elaborated our theories of change, and informed our programme cycle. For instance, our learning on the effectiveness of alliances in influencing materialised into us earmarking part of the remaining program budget to stimulate and facilitate collaboration with (unusual) allies.
The workshop participants discussing their “use” of such findings, recognized the reflections on the ToC, nourishing a narrative, also as input to a midterm review. Participants reflected on the pros and cons of analysing unsubstantiated outcome statements, on the usefulness of quantifying qualitative data, and on the (im)possibility to aggregate findings from such diverse contexts. They challenged Oxfam to close the feedback loop by making the content analysis more participatory. And above all they stressed that outcome harvesting methodology is as powerful and empowering as it is inspiring.
Get in touch: Email: email@example.com | Website: oxfamnovib.nl/donors-partners | Slides: tinyurl.com/yxratz8t
3.1.3 M&E in the complexity of Urban Food Systems
Marion Herens
Senior Advisor Food and Nutrition Security, Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, Wageningen University & Research (the Netherlands)
Diane Bosch
Senior Advisor Food and Nutrition Security, Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, Wageningen University & Research (the Netherlands)
The world is becoming more urban every day with the expectation that by 2050, 68% of the world’s population will be living in urban areas. Especially in low-income and lower-middle-income countries the pace of urbanization is fast. Almost 90% of the increase in urban population will be taking place in Asia and Africa\(^3\). In view of this trend, sustainable development depends increasingly on the successful management of urban growth. Provision of food and nutrition security to the urbanizing population is key to this sustainable development, although delivering nutritious food to growing cities, in particularly in the low-income and lower-middle-income countries is a complex problem. Challenges for sustainable development of urban food systems are a reducing rural population responsible for food production, increasing demand on infrastructure services, dietary transitions, natural resource scarcity and climate change. In addition, poverty and all forms of malnutrition are upcoming urban challenges.
In this workshop, we put some perspectives on urban food systems centre stage. Urban food systems deal with social, environmental, economic and spatial dimensions, each of which can be used as an entry point for transformation. The spatial dimension, however, is often missed in urban food policy planning, despite its critical role in urban food systems as it pertains to land use issues. The City region Food System concept was highlighted\(^4\), emphasising rural-urban interdependencies and the range of global to local, place-based urban food systems. We also talked about the M&E
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\(^3\) 2018 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects
\(^4\) “City region food systems” emerged over 2012--3 in discourse across UN Agencies (UN Habitat, UNEP), Associations of local authorities (ICLEI), and the research community and is proposed as a spatial representation of food and agriculture for policy consideration at local, national and international levels.
challenges in urban food systems, exploring the FAO’s City Region Food System Toolkit to that effect, using four cities as cases.
General conclusion was that the CRFS framework/toolkit is helpful to structure what M&E requirements are. The toolkit is still in development, building on case-based studies in 8 cities, but was considered a valuable framework to compare cities as cities differ a lot from each other in food systems, across and within countries.
For more information see the FAO’s City Region Food System Toolkit website.
Get in touch: Email: firstname.lastname@example.org | Website: wur.eu/cdi | Slides: tinyurl.com/y2nzrub2
3.2 Day 1, Round 2
3.2.1 M&E of food systems and the use of ‘minimum costs of a healthy diet’ (MCHD) for planning, monitoring and evaluation of agricultural development interventions
Ferko Bodnár
Policy researcher, International Research and Policy Evaluation department (IOB), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands
Food systems are high on the agenda, since we need to understand food and nutrition security in a broader perspective, and from consumption to production. This workshop discussed the food system concept as well as what overall M&E is required to analyse and support (inclusive & sustainable) food systems.
One of the objectives of agricultural development projects is to improve food security. The extent to which they contribute to improved nutrition of currently undernourished, poor people, depends on the type of product: does it fill current dietary gaps? – and on the relative cost compared to other available food – is it more affordable than alternative options? An indicator that integrates these two requirements is the ‘minimum costs of a healthy diet’, the costs it takes for one person (or one household) to meet the dietary requirements with locally available food items. What you need to calculate this is:
(1) a food composition table of the most commonly eaten food items, available for many countries;
(2) a reference table for the recommended nutrient intake, available from WHO or FAO;
(3) prices for the food items in the area and season of interest.
This is sufficient to calculate the minimum costs of a healthy diet for an individual; to calculate the costs for an average household, you need to know the average household composition.
We showed how this indicator can be used in the planning phase of new, nutrition sensitive, agricultural or food security interventions. For example, for the new dairy project in Ethiopia, we could show whether milk contributes to improved nutrition, and if so, up to what price per litre this is the case. If milk becomes more expensive than US$1.00 per liter, then you better choose eggs for your money instead. Similarly, we could show which food groups are most limiting the affordability of a healthy diet. Using the same Ethiopian case, it turned out that reducing meat or cereal prices by 50% had no effect, while reducing prices of vegetables, milk and eggs had a very positive effect on the affordability of a healthy diet.
“We have a saying in Dutch: “je kiest eieren voor je geld”: choosing eggs for your money. That saying becomes really practically useful here.”
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5 2018 City Region Food System Toolkit, by FAO in collaboration with CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems for the RUAF Foundation
During the discussion, some good points of attention were raised.
- Availability and prices of food vary by season. It is therefore important to monitor several (e.g. 4) seasons per year. This may also guide you to interventions that improve availability of the most limiting food groups in the most limiting season, e.g. by irrigation, or storage and conservation.
- The diet that the linear programming finds for you is the cheapest option, but may not make a nice meal. Obviously, cultural and personal preferences will influence what diet is acceptable. To persuade people to eat healthy within their purchasing power will require other efforts, besides making food available, as well.
**Get in touch:** Email: email@example.com | Slides: tinyurl.com/y3zk53fh
### 3.2.2 An Integrated Assessment Modeling of Food Security in Nigeria
**Ivo Kashimana**
PhD student, Universität Hamburg, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN) (Germany)
Subsistence farming constitute over 80% of Nigerian farming system yet farmers are most vulnerable to food insecurities in Nigeria. To eradicate hunger and malnutrition in Nigeria, food systems need to be more inclusive and sustainable. This means that all Nigerians regardless of socio-economic status and location will have access to basic food requirements for an active life at all times. Attaining food security in Nigeria is a challenge because of inadequate monitoring of land use systems primarily responsible for the security such as agriculture and forestry systems with conflicting production and conservation targets.
The study presented in this workshop assesses food security across land use systems using an integrated assessment model programmed in the General Algebraic Modelling Systems (GAMS) to provide insights in opportunities and trade-offs between sustainable development objectives including reduction of poverty and malnutrition, preservation of valuable forest ecosystems, and global efforts to slow down climate change. These opportunities and trade-offs however depends on the differing environmental, socio-economic and policy conditions across Nigeria. Integrating these varied conditions with stakeholders’ perceptions, the model depicts motivations, restrictions, and options of farmers in a changing environment and reveal the implication of changes in land use systems and policies on agricultural production and forest conservation.
Deforestation for agricultural expansion accompanied by unsustainable agricultural practices constitute the major causes of food insecurity in Nigeria. Harmonizing agricultural production and forestry conservation targets in most parts of Nigeria will require a change in management technologies to integrated systems such as agroforestry especially as it jointly boast production and conservation. Changes in management technologies from shifting cultivation and mono cropping to fallow and mixed cropping simultaneously improve food production and conservation in most parts of Nigeria. Food production in Nigeria is not at its prime yet it suffer losses because of inadequate extension services. Extension services such as market creation, functional storage facilities and adequate subsidies will increase the welfare of farmers by eliminating intermediaries’ extortion hence reducing the vulnerability of farmers to seasonal hunger and malnutrition. Adopting mechanized farming can aid to eradicate hunger and malnutrition in some parts of Nigeria but it is less feasible as improving subsistence farming. The cost of adjusting policies and management technologies to enhance subsistence farming is however yet to be evaluated by this study. Overall, inputs from participants suggest that there is a need for a change in policies, farmers’ perceptions and practices.
For more information, click [here](#).
**Get in touch:** Email: firstname.lastname@example.org | Twitter: @IvoKash1 | Slides: tinyurl.com/y6tu36ta
3.2.3 Tracking changes resulting from capacity development interventions with agricultural innovation niche partnerships
Aurélie Toillier
Researcher, CIRAD/Agrinatura (France)
Manuela Bucciarelli
Capacity development and M&E consultant, FAO (Italy)
In developing countries, capacity development (CD) interventions for strengthening agricultural innovation systems (AIS) are gaining attention, in contrast to linear approaches of technology transfer. The objective is to empower rural actors in designing by themselves suitable solutions and innovations to face their own socio-economic and environmental challenges taking into account the characteristics of their contexts. Tracking capacity changes, and then assessing the effectiveness of CD interventions, involves looking at aspects that are difficult to capture such as changes in individual practices, attitudes and knowledge. Currently, there are no turn-key approaches to achieve such objectives. Both the methodologies for assessment and development of capacities to innovate are in the experimental stage.
The presentation focused on the Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (MEL) system adopted by the EU-funded Capacity development for agricultural innovation systems (CDAIS) project. It provided an introduction to the topic of agricultural innovation and agricultural innovation system and to the key concepts of the Tropical Agriculture Platform (TAP) Common Framework on CD for AIS, in particular highlighting the concept of functional capacities. The MEL system was presented with reference to the work done at the innovation partnership level (niche partnership) to track and assess changes in functional capacities of niche actors and to explain how the functional capacities contribute to the innovation process. The concept of coaching process was introduced and focus was given to the tracking-monitoring-learning phase. A real case from one of the niches in Burkina Faso- the BIOSPG organic label- was used as an example to present some of the activities carried out, such as a capacity needs assessment, coaching plan design and measurement of functional capacities using a scoring tool within a facilitated simulation game. The presenters explained the concept of progress markers (graduated indicators of change in Knowledge, Attitudes and practices). An exercise on progress markers was conducted, which allowed a broader discussion on how to formulate progress markers that express statements of behavioural change for each of the different actors of the innovation partnership. Results from the Burkina Faso innovation niche showed that at the endline assessment, all functional capacities had improved, especially technical capacities, capacity to navigate complexity and to collaborate.
“Developing capacities to innovate require embedding M&E into learning processes so that innovation partnerships become empowered to manage and achieve successfully their project.”
Some lessons learned on the use of progress markers were shared as well as recommendations on how functional capacities are linked to technical issues and concrete innovation/experimentation activities. Challenges in the formulation of progress markers were highlighted, in particular the concept of “disposable indicators of change”, due to moving evaluation targets.
In terms of implementation, it was shared that the CDAIS coaching process required a well-trained MEL team, with mixed skills: facilitation, technical expertise, M&E and capacity to lead and design.
For more information see www.cdais.net.
Get in touch: Email: Aurelie Toillier: email@example.com; Manuela Bucciarelli: firstname.lastname@example.org | Twitter: @CDAIS_project | Website: cdais.net | Slides: tinyurl.com/yxphkpce
3.3 Day 2, Round 3
3.3.1 Food systems performance: the impact of climate change
Esther Koopmanschap
Senior advisor Water, Nature and Rural Development, Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, Wageningen University & Research (the Netherlands)
"Addressing climate change and its negative impact on our society and environment is one of the major challenges of the twenty-first century". We all know this sentence well, either from newspapers, peer-reviewed journals, IPCC reports etc. In the Paris Agreement of 2015, world leaders agreed to work to limit global warming to less than 2 °C and preferably to a maximum of 1.5 °C.
Without doubt, we have not yet figured out how to address climate change impacts on food systems effectively. Strategies to optimise food systems performance and work towards a low-carbon society (climate change mitigation) can be supported by innovations in technological systems, in policy frameworks and in market mechanisms. More and more countries have developed, and are developing, adaptation strategies (climate change adaptation) and have embedded the commitments adopted in the Paris Agreement in their policy. Unlike mitigation interventions, of which the change in greenhouse gas emission results is 'relatively easy to measure' (not denying that it is still not simple!), adaptation is scale- and context-specific, stretches out across many sectors, is characterised by both short- and long-term time frames and includes large uncertainties. Participatory approaches, involving a multitude of diverse stakeholders, are therefore required when assessing potential effects of climate change adaptation interventions, innovations and incentives on food systems. Climate change adaptation actions themselves may also lead to future risks or unintended negative consequences on food systems outcomes that are difficult to capture when not carefully designing M&E systems.
In this session, we explored how M&E could support working towards climate-smart and resilient food systems considering its multiple levels, with actors in multiple sectors and multiple incentives and goals; and how M&E could support assessing the risks and uncertainties of the pathways forward (and ensure we are not committing ourselves to a new pathway that is as unsustainable and non-inclusive and as the current one...).
One of the challenges that was identified was setting boundaries, as it is impossible to measure and set indicators otherwise. How to narrow it down without losing the bigger picture: climate change as a whole or food systems as a whole? One way of addressing this challenge is in coming together more. All too often, we come together and gain a wider perspective, but lose this perspective as soon as we get back to our own workplace, our own reality. Another way of addressing the challenge is to plan using theories of change that go beyond the immediate issue. That way, we will be better able to assess the sustainability and inclusivity of our change pathway. It should not just be a theory of change, but a theory of systems change.
Get in touch: Email: email@example.com | Twitter: @eskoopmanschap | Website: wur.eu/cdi | Slides: tinyurl.com/y2vpoxj4
3.3.2 Case Study: A Food Systems approach to Monitoring and Evaluation
Ellen Geerlings
Independent Consultant, Dutch Committee for Afghanistan - Livestock Programs (the Netherlands)
The Afghanistan Central Statistics Organization (CSO) estimated that in 2018, 54% of the Afghan population was living under the poverty line, compared to 38% in 2014. This poverty brings along huge food insecurity, one of the main problems in Afghanistan. Almost one-third (30%) of the population have a caloric intake that is insufficient to sustain a healthy and active life. In 2018, 75% of the Afghan population lived in rural areas, being mainly dependent on animal husbandry and farming for their daily needs. As livestock is of vital importance to the majority of Afghan families, it is the aim of the Dutch Committee of Afghanistan – Livestock Programs (DCA) to assist the Afghan people by improving the health and production of their livestock. Healthier and more productive animals increase income and food security at household level and contribute to a sustainable food system in these communities.
DCA is currently in the process of moving from a donor-driven project-based M&E approach to a programme level Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning (MEAL) approach. It is expected that this development will: a) increase visibility and transparency of DCA work, b) aid in adjusting and improving DCA work and planning, c) improve alignment with DCA’s mission and vision, and d) create a sense of ownership and pride across DCA Afghanistan and DCA Netherlands staff of the many achievements realized so far. Part of this shift involves the development of a set of program level key performance indicators (KPIs).
The aim of the workshop was to discuss the main activities and outcomes of the work of DCA from a food systems perspective. A framework was presented (based on Van Berkum et al. (2017)\(^6\) that describes the main food system activities, socio-economic and environmental challenges as well as food system outcomes, socio-economic and environmental outcomes. Environmental challenges include droughts and land degradation. Socio-economic challenges include conflict & political instability and increasing poverty rates.
Based on the presented framework the participants were asked to break up in smaller groups and brainstorm about KPIs related to **Food System Outcomes** that are realistic, relevant and cost-effective and **measure improvements in Food Security** (*i.e.* access, availability and utilization) and **Socio-economic Outcomes** at household and/or community level across all DCA projects (*i.e.* program-wide).
Participants appreciated the fact that an attempt had been made to translate a theoretical concept into practical application. Participants were asked to put theory into practice taking into account all the challenges and limitations faced by an NGO working in a fragile state. Participants noted that the framework needed some more work, this particularly related to describing dynamics and interactions between actors and stakeholders in the system. One participant noted that major issues outside of the livestock sector should be identified as these could influence DCA activities and outcomes. To improve cost-effectiveness and efficiency one participant suggested to combine KPI data collection with other project activities and to use real time M&E to track progress of the KPIs. It was noted that a combination of quantitative and participatory M&E (e.g. ‘most significant change’ stories) provide both breadth and depth in tracking progress. In addition, participants came up with a number of KPIs that will be presented and discussed within DCA for possible inclusion in the final set of DCA program KPIs.
Get in touch: Email: firstname.lastname@example.org | Website: egrid.nl | Slides: tinyurl.com/y23nyrg9
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\(^6\) https://knowledge4food.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/180630_foodsystems-approach.pdf
3.3.3 Considering food system change in a fully integrated (holistic) way - towards systemic checklists to inform M&E design
Seerp Wigboldus
Senior advisor, Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation,
Wageningen University & Research (the Netherlands)
Many initiatives start with articulating a food system perspective, but when it comes to practice, system components tend to be addressed in (relative) isolation, also in terms of related M&E. The same applies to different types of outcomes which food system performance may have (e.g. sustainability, resilience, healthy food, etc.). However, effects in relation to one component often affects conditions in other components. Or, one type of outcome may come at the cost of another. This is often referred to as trade-offs. This requires an adequate overview of where those trade-offs occur, and it requires an idea about what should be prioritised. But before all that, we need to have some framework that enables us to systematically and systematically check for implications across all relevant implications of outcomes of food system performance and change. What could serve that purpose and thus inform M&E design? This requires an integrated/holistic approach.
The opening presentation presented three options: 1) a framework on capacities for change towards inclusive and sustainable food systems; 2) an initial approach to articulate a theory of change (ToC) from a system change perspective (a theory of (food) system change); and 3) a framework representing a suite of aspects of temporal reality which has been used in a number of contexts, including in evaluating sustainability in the built environment (Brandon & Lombardi, 2011). The presentation explored connections to the context of food systems. The presenter argued for (the WCDI approach of) approaching different frameworks and models related to food systems from a mixed-models approach: rather than loading one model with everything relevant to food systems, or to select just one limited model, why not work with a suite of models to activate complementing angles on the subject?
In relation to food system transitions, there is much to be read about related dimensions and dynamics, but little about what collective capabilities would be involved in making such transition possible. The framework presented allows for making systematic assessments (such as before and after) in relation to this.
Theories of change have become part and parcel of many (research and) development initiatives. However, rarely do they focus on systemic change. Usually the focus is on problem solving or making use of new opportunities (innovations). This limits understanding about related system conditions and change. The multi-level perspective (MLP) was used to illustrate one way of articulating a system-oriented theory of change (a theory of food system transition).
Finally, the suite of aspects, developed originally by Dutch philosopher Herman Dooyeweerd, is arguably the best coherent, systemic, and structured way around for developing integrated/holistic perspectives on situations and entities. Translating it to the food system context provided a rich perspective on what to take into account in ways which go way beyond merely distinguishing between social, economic, and environmental. It helps to understand where reductionist approaches guide decision-making and provides an integrated and interdisciplinary perspective on sustainability. Thus supporting the integrated philosophy behind the Sustainable Development Goals.
Participants discussed in small groups the three presented frameworks to consider options and opportunities. Right after the session was over, some appointments for collaboration in further development of e.g. the theory of (food) system change were already made between the presenter and some participants.
Get in touch: Email: email@example.com | Website: wur.eu/cdi | Slides: tinyurl.com/yymahggv
4 Key insights
Throughout the conference, a link was made between food systems and monitoring and evaluation (M&E). The main question of the conference was: “How should and can monitoring and evaluation (inform and) support the transition towards inclusive and sustainable food systems?”
Sub-questions included:
- How should M&E (inform and) support food system change, in all its multiple levels, with actors in multiple sectors with multiple incentives and goals?
- How should M&E also engage with and assist the inevitable trade-offs between competing and perhaps contradictory consequences?
Key insights in this section are based on: keynote presentations, parallel sessions, synthesis session, and some references. Whilst there has been no intention nor capacity to do an extensive literature review, we still think that the insights below can help both the food systems community as well as the M&E community in addressing key challenges that we have at hand.
During the last session of the conference, participants shared key insights and lessons from the conference in a synthesis session, participants responded to the following questions:
1. What is important to keep in mind in the design of food systems related interventions? (Bearing in mind the multiple levels, actors in multiple sectors with multiple incentives and goals).
2. What is important and useful when it comes to food systems M&E to support transitions towards inclusive & sustainable food systems? (Bearing in mind the multiple levels, actors in multiple sectors with multiple incentives and goals).
3. What skills and competences are necessary in relation to intervention design/planning, but also monitoring and evaluation of to support transition towards inclusive & sustainable food systems?
4. How can M&E engage with and assist with the inevitable trade-offs between competing and perhaps contradictory consequences?
Participants were asked in subgroups to provide the top 5 answers to one of the questions and then moved to the next group to review the responses of the previous group to another question, and agree on the 5 answers. The responses to each question after different rounds, were presented plenary. The responses to these questions have been integrated with other insights from the keynote presentations, parallel sessions, the key learning from participants at the end of the conference and some references. This report is not trying to be conclusive but rather intends to provide insights and stimulate learning around the topic of M&E for inclusive and sustainable food systems.
4.1 The need for transformation towards inclusive and sustainable food systems for healthy diets
4.1.1 Hunger and malnutrition still persist; regional variations and women more at risk
There is an immense challenge to achieve the Zero Hunger target by 2030, as there is an increase in the number of hungry people, with variations in different regions and with women being more at risk of food insecurity. FAO (2019) indicates that "After decades of steady decline, the trend in world hunger – as measured by the prevalence of undernourishment – reverted in 2015, remaining virtually unchanged in the past three years at a level slightly below 11 percent. Meanwhile, the number of people who suffer from hunger has slowly increased. As a result, more than 820 million people in the
world are still hungry today, underscoring the immense challenge of achieving the Zero Hunger target by 2030” (FAO, 2019c). They furthermore indicate that there are regional variations and that women are more at risk. “Hunger is on the rise in almost all sub-regions of Africa, the region with the highest prevalence of undernourishment\(^7\), at almost 20 percent. It is also rising slowly in Latin America and the Caribbean, although the prevalence there is still below 7 percent. In Asia, where undernourishment affects 11 percent of the population, Southern Asia saw great progress in the last five years but is still the sub-region with the highest prevalence of undernourishment, at almost 15 percent, followed by Western Asia at over 12 percent, where the situation is worsening. Estimates of SDG Indicator 2.1.2, which monitors progress towards the target of ensuring access to food for all, reveal that a total of about 2 billion people in the world experience some level of food insecurity, including moderate. People who are moderately food insecure may not necessarily suffer from hunger, but they lack regular access to nutritious and sufficient food, putting them at greater risk of various forms of malnutrition and poor health….In every continent, the prevalence of food insecurity is slightly higher among women than men, with the largest differences found in Latin America” (FAO, 2019c).
This burden of malnutrition is unacceptably high, especially for women. “The burden of malnutrition across the world remains unacceptably high, and progress unacceptably slow. Malnutrition is responsible for more ill health than any other cause. Children under five years of age face multiple burdens: 150.8 million are stunted, 50.5 million are wasted and 38.3 million are overweight. Meanwhile 20 million babies are born of low birth weight each year. Overweight and obesity among adults are at record levels with 38.9% of adults overweight or obese, stretching from Africa to North America, and increasing among adolescents. Women have a higher burden than men when it comes to certain forms of malnutrition: one third of all women of reproductive age have anaemia and women have a higher prevalence of obesity than men. Millions of women are still underweight” (Fanzo et al., 2018).
4.1.2 Unhealthy and unsustainably produced food poses a global risk to people and the planet
Part of the problem is that the way food is currently produced is unsustainable. “Unhealthy and unsustainably produced food poses a global risk to people and the planet. More than 820 million people have insufficient food and many more consume an unhealthy diet that contributes to premature death and morbidity. Moreover, global food production is the largest pressure caused by humans on Earth, threatening local ecosystems and the stability of the Earth system. Current dietary trends, combined with projected population growth to about 10 billion by 2050, will exacerbate risks to people and planet. The global burden of non-communicable diseases is predicted to worsen and the effects of food production on greenhouse-gas emissions, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, biodiversity loss, and water and land use will reduce the stability of the Earth system” (Willett et al., 2019).
4.1.3 Trade-offs, especially between food production and the environment
There are trade-offs between food production and climate change, as food production can contribute towards greenhouse gas emission, and at the same time climate change can negatively affect food production. According to Vermeulen et al (2012), “Food systems contribute 19%–29% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, releasing 9,800–16,900 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e) in 2008. Agricultural production, including indirect emissions associated with land-cover change, contributes 80%–86% of total food system emissions, with significant regional variation. The impacts of global climate change on food systems are expected to be widespread, complex, geographically and temporally variable, and profoundly influenced by socioeconomic conditions. Climate change will affect agricultural yields and earnings, food prices, reliability of delivery, food quality, and, notably, food safety. Low-income producers and consumers of food will be more vulnerable to climate change owing to their comparatively limited ability to invest in adaptive institutions and technologies under increasing climatic risks. Some synergies among food
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\(^7\) The prevalence of undernourishment (PoU) is an estimate of the proportion of the population whose habitual food consumption is insufficient to provide the dietary energy levels that are required to maintain a normal active and healthy life (FAO, 2019b).
security, adaptation, and mitigation are feasible. But promising interventions, such as agricultural intensification or reductions in waste, will require careful management to distribute costs and benefits effectively” (Vermeulen, Campbell, & Ingram, 2012).
Other trade-offs also exist, including those related to other environmental challenges, human nutrition or health. For example, animal source food consumption has grown rapidly with increasing wealth levels in East Asia; this growth has had substantial implications both for land use and international trade of both animals and feed (e.g. (He, Baiocchi, Hubacek, Feng, & Yu, 2018)). Growing healthier foods such as fruits and vegetables is more water intensive relative to grains, and animal source foods are in general more resource intensive. More intensive animal source food production in some countries could come at the expense of climatic goals (e.g. (Vermeulen et al., 2012)). There are also food safety issues related to healthier foods, as they usually spoil relatively quickly, and fruits and vegetables are often grown with more chemicals than grains and legumes. In: (De Brouw et al., 2019). In addition, other trade-offs may be related to socio-economic opportunities and risks related to the above changes in food consumption patterns, and to the various climate mitigation or adaptation measures.
4.1.4 Urgent need for radical transformation of the global food system towards sustainable food production and healthy diets; large-scale and coordinated efforts required
The consequences of the way we currently produce and consume food are severe and radical transformation of the global food system is required in order to sustainably feed the world with healthy food. “Without action, the world risks failing to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement, and today’s children will inherit a planet that has been severely degraded and where much of the population will increasingly suffer from malnutrition and preventable disease” (Willett et al., 2019).
The recent EAT-Lancet report urges radical transformation of the global food system. “An immense challenge facing humanity is to provide a growing world population with healthy diets from sustainable food systems. While global food production of calories has generally kept pace with population growth, more than 820 million people still lack sufficient food, and many more consume either low-quality diets or too much food. Unhealthy diets now pose a greater risk to morbidity and mortality than unsafe sex, alcohol, drug and tobacco use combined. Global food production threatens climate stability and ecosystem resilience and constitutes the single largest driver of environmental degradation and transgression of planetary boundaries. Taken together the outcome is dire. A radical transformation of the global food system is urgently needed. Without action, the world risks failing to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement, and today’s children will inherit a planet that has been severely degraded and where much of the population will increasingly suffer from malnutrition and preventable disease” (Willett et al., 2019).
The transformation to healthy diets from sustainable food systems requires major shifts in food production, dietary shifts, and large reductions in food loss and waste. The focus on healthy diets is crucial according to keynote speakers Ruerd Ruben and Inge Brouwer.
There is a need for global commitment towards healthy diets and sustainable food production. “There is substantial scientific evidence that links diets with human health and environmental sustainability. Yet the absence of globally agreed scientific targets for healthy diets and sustainable food production has hindered large-scale and coordinated efforts to transform the global food system” ((Willett et al., 2019).
4.1.5 Transformation to healthy diets from sustainable food systems requires major shifts
As there is a need for major transformation of the global food system to healthy diets from sustainable food systems, major shifts are required to make this happen, as also indicated by the recent EAT Lancet report. According to Willet, Rockström et al (2019), “With food production causing major global environmental risks, sustainable food production needs to operate within the safe operating space for food systems at all scales on Earth. Therefore, sustainable food production for about 10 billion people should use no additional land, safeguard existing biodiversity, reduce consumptive water use and manage water responsibly, substantially reduce nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, produce zero carbon dioxide emissions, and cause no further increase in methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Transformation to sustainable food production by 2050 will require at least a 75% reduction of yield gaps, global redistribution of nitrogen and phosphorus fertiliser use, recycling of phosphorus, radical improvements in efficiency of fertiliser and water use, rapid implementation of agricultural mitigation options to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions, adoption of land management practices that shift agriculture from a carbon source to sink, and a fundamental shift in production priorities” (Willett et al., 2019).
“Transformation to healthy diets from sustainable food systems is necessary to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement, and scientific targets for healthy diets and sustainable food production are needed to guide a Great Food Transformation. Healthy diets have an appropriate caloric intake and consist of a diversity of plant-based foods, low amounts of animal source foods, unsaturated rather than saturated fats, and small amounts of refined grains, highly processed foods, and added sugars. Transformation to healthy diets by 2050 will require substantial dietary shifts, including a greater than 50% reduction in global consumption of unhealthy foods, such as red meat and sugar, and a greater than 100% increase in consumption of healthy foods, such as nuts, fruits, vegetables, and legumes. However, the changes needed differ greatly by region” (Willett et al., 2019).
“Transition towards sustainable food systems for healthy diets, requires substantial shifts towards healthy dietary patterns, large reductions in food losses and waste, and major improvements in food production practices. This requires a range of actions from individuals and organisations working in all sectors and all scales” (Willett et al., 2019).
4.2 Transforming M&E to support transformation towards inclusive and sustainable food systems for healthy diets
The urgent need to radically transform the global food system, also requires a transformation of planning, monitoring and evaluation. This is also indicated in the ‘Prague Declaration on Evaluation for Transformational Change’ (IDEAS, 2019) underlines this importance. This was adopted at the 2019 IDEAS Global Assembly & Third International Conference on Evaluating Environment and Development (Oct 2019). It entails commitment to:
1. Promote Transformational Evaluation for the Sustainable Development Goals
2. Work in partnership
3. Explore power relations and promote inclusiveness
4. Respect for rights and responsibilities
5. Support for professionalization and capacity development
6. Focus on sustainability
7. Focus on fragility, conflict and violence (FCV)
8. Support for transformational indigenous evaluation
9. Shared responsibility for results
Some of these aspects also come back in the ideas below.
4.2.1 Systemic thinking and systems approaches with multiple stakeholders, in multiple sectors at multiple levels
Radical transformation of food systems requires a holistic and coordinated approach, engaging different stakeholders in different sectors at multiple levels, which calls for a systems approach to M&E, that supports stakeholder engagement, learning and adaptive management. “A transformation of the global food system should ultimately involve multiple stakeholders, from individual consumers to policy makers and all actors in the food supply chain, working together towards the shared global goal of healthy and sustainable diets for all” (Willett et al., 2019). “The complexity of food systems requires a more holistic and coordinated approach. Many food security and nutrition challenges are complex problems whose solutions are contested and which transcend disciplinary, divisional, and institutional boundaries. In increasingly globalized food systems, these challenges result from interactions across different scales and levels. They require integrated actions taken by all stakeholders at local, national, regional, and global levels, by both public and private actors, and across multiple fronts- not only in agriculture, but also in trade, policy, health, environment, gender norms, education, transport and infrastructure, and so on. It requires a synergetic merging rather than a destructive clashing of the ideas emerging from these various angles” (FAO, 2019d).
According to keynote speaker Ruerd Ruben, there is an urgent need to understand how dynamic change happens in food systems, and how the interactions (in the food environment, value chain and consumer behaviour) as a result of stakeholders’ actions (eg policy incentives, business innovations, civic driven-campaigns) and related conditions, influence people’s behaviour and thus the outcomes of the food system. M&E can play a role in capturing these interactions and behaviour changes (e.g. dietary behaviour), in assessing whether there is a real paradigm shift and whether transformation really happens.
Since food systems are dynamic, one needs to be prepared to deal with uncertainty, follow many moving targets, understand relationships between multiple stakeholders at multiple levels in multiple sectors and be prepared for unexpected changes. This uncertainty also needs (safe) trials by different stakeholders that need to be closely monitored and stimulated when going well, but stopped when there are failures. It requires M&E to take a systems perspective and look at the key issues, context and stakeholders in food systems and how they are related. It calls for complexity science and systems thinking as also indicated in the presentation by Cecile Kusters on trends and developments in M&E. There is a need to actively engage with multiple stakeholders in multiple sectors at multiple levels to find out what are the key issues, what works (and what not) and to adapt to a changing environment and follow moving targets. Various speakers and conference participants also underlined the importance of collaborating with multiple stakeholders in transforming food systems, and in planning, monitoring and evaluation. Understanding the dynamics of a food system, the behaviour and interrelationships of stakeholders and tipping points for change requires flexible and adaptive M&E approaches that take a systems perspective, whilst engaging with multiple stakeholders in multiple sectors at multiple levels.
Michael Quinn Patton also refers to systemic thinking, connecting local to global ('glocal'), and thinking across silos as part of the global thinking principle in Blue Marble evaluation: “Apply whole-Earth, big-picture thinking to all aspects of systems change” (Patton, 2019). Patton’s earlier book on developmental evaluation, focused on applying complexity concepts to enhance innovation and use (Patton, 2010).
IIED urges to embracing complex systems thinking. “Integrating complex systems-informed approaches into efforts to achieve the SDGs will require innovative processes and new relationships. Development and evaluation actors will need to ‘scale deep’ — experiment with new approaches that respect different values and contexts, yet are sufficiently aligned to deliver mutually reinforcing effects. Achieving this will require new and more intensive ways of engaging across multiple disciplinary, ideological, sector, governance and country boundaries, but the effort will be worthwhile. If reaching the SDGs can seem like a daunting challenge, this more expanded vision of planning and evaluation could be one of the keys to unlocking truly transformational change” they call for “using
systemic approaches to evaluation that connect the global and local, the macro and the micro, and study the relationships between worldwide patterns and area-specific challenges” (IIED, 2019).
4.2.2 Dynamic and flexible M&E for adaptive management
The dynamic nature of food systems requires M&E also to be dynamic, and to actively engage in the food system transformation processes and related interventions, from food system analysis, to making explicit (multiple) theories of change, to generating new evidence and sense making of the evidence, in collaboration with stakeholders. This requires flexible monitoring and evaluation that is embedded in an adaptive system of enquiry and management. One such approach is the ‘Managing for Sustainable Development Impact’ approach (Kusters, Batjes, Brouwers, & Baguma, 2017).
As such, monitoring and evaluation can help to undertake situation analysis, by helping to make choices on what to focus on rather than trying to capture everything. M&E needs to be integrated from the start of food system interventions, so as to ensure these interventions are context specific, and adequately managed in response to a changing environment. M&E needs to be dynamic, capturing not only agreed upon parameters, but also what is emerging, unknown and unexpected, for stakeholders to be aware of and respond to.
4.2.3 Understand food systems, start from consumption and use complementary food system frameworks
Understanding food systems requires understanding the elements, context and dynamics of food systems, whilst starting from the point of consumption. Whilst there are different conceptual frameworks on food systems, with similar elements, keynote speakers Ruerd Ruben and Inge Brouwer stressed that it’s important to understand food systems from the point of consumption ('healthy diets') first. One of the commonly used frameworks is the framework proposed by the High Level Panel of Experts (HLPE) on Food Security and Nutrition, as developed in 2017, as indicated below. But there are also other frameworks like the van Berkum framework (van Berkum, Dengerink, & Ruben, 2018) for which a food system decision tool (Posthumus, de Steenhuisen Piters, Dengerink, & Vellema, 2019) was presented during one of the parallel workshops at the conference. These food system frameworks have much in common, such as food supply chains or systems with related activities, people, inputs, environment, infrastructure, institutions, etc. The food system frameworks also include drivers that affect food production and consumer behaviour as well as results/impacts of the interactions in terms of food and nutrition security, health, but also environmental and socio-economic impacts. There is no one particular framework that is the best, but rather one can make use of complementary frameworks, as suggested by Seerp Wigboldus.
More information on food systems approaches and reports can be found here. Posthumus and Dengerink organised a workshop on the food system decision tool, which is based on one of the food system conceptual frameworks, is one of the ways to help assess food systems.
Figure 1 - HLPE Conceptual Framework on Food Systems for Diets and Nutrition (HLPE, 2017)
Undertaking a thorough situation and contextual analysis is needed to understand the main drivers of the system, how issues are interrelated, and to understand the different roles, rationales and power of different actors in the system. But also to understand potential trade-offs, which is explained in 4.1.3.
According to Keynote Speaker Ruerd Ruben, they are two dimensions in doing food systems analysis: 1. Structure (static, short-term) – what is the dietary outcome? Where can we intervene (drivers)? Who to engage in the pathways of change? 2. Behaviour (dynamics) – link demand and supply side; combine technical and behaviour change; consider local and global effects. Key elements of the FAO model are: drivers (eg population growth, difficult to influence), components (can be modified: food supply chain; food environment (governance); consumer behaviour – interaction is critical) and outcomes (diets, health). Keynote Speaker Paulina Bizzotto Molina also called for including more systematic political economy analysis. Food system transitions are adaptive systems where interactions and multiple actions take place at multiple levels, with multiple agents, which needs to be the subject of analysis.
Now the challenge is to understand food systems in their contexts, and not get lost in determining all the different pieces of the puzzle, but rather to understand interconnections, leverage points and potential trade-offs, whilst keeping focused on the ultimate objective(s), especially healthy diets. This requires stakeholder collaboration. See also the section on ‘zooming in and zooming out’ below.
4.2.4 Zooming in and zooming out – sense making of critical drivers, interactions and dietary choices
M&E can support transformation by connecting the dots in a food system through zooming in and zooming out. Seerp Wigboldus introduced this idea of zooming in and zooming out and showed as an example the SDG Interlinkages Analysis & Visualisation Tool (V2.0). Also keynote speaker Irene Guijt indicated the importance of putting the boundary wider, by not only focusing on projects and programmes but on food systems that they are part of.
Zooming in and zooming out involves looking at the food system as a whole as well as understanding particular parts of the food system, which can help to identify the critical drivers of (behavioural) change, agency interactions, dietary choices, and where change can possibly happen. Keynote speaker
Ruerd Ruben stressed the importance of understanding agency interactions, which requires involvement of M&E people with the action. And understanding relationships requires investing in these relationships, and building trust. This is in line with the international trend towards M&E that captures complexity and focuses on global issues, in line with the SDGs. Zooming in can help to understand necessary details, whilst zooming out can help to understand interconnections, and identify leverage points.
4.2.5 Understand trade-offs to support decision-making for inclusive and sustainable food systems
The presentation by Cecile Kusters on international M&E related trends and developments showed that there is an increasing importance of M&E for sustainable development and transformation towards SDGs and that the evaluation agenda needs to shift in order to support the SDGs. This has implications for evaluation. “The complexity and inter-related nature of the SDG targets requires that evaluation takes account of the linkages and potential trade-offs between targets and goals. SDG implementation and monitoring processes are expected to be country-led, resulting in an increased focus on country-led evaluation work. Partner countries’ national statistical capacity and evaluations systems will play a key role in follow-up and review processes” (OECD-DAC, 2019).
Understanding the complexities of food systems also includes understanding trade-offs, which is caused by pursuing different objectives, and is one of the main challenges of food systems. For example, dietary objectives may include a healthy consumer diet. But healthy diets are not always affordable, nor necessarily sustainably produced. He et al (2018) have shown that animal source food consumption has grown rapidly with increasing wealth levels in East Asia; this growth has had substantial implications both for land use and international trade, both of animals and feed (e.g. (He, Baiocchi, Hubacek, Feng, & Yu, 2018)). At the same time, food production puts pressure on natural resources and contributes to climate change. According to FAO estimates, in 2010, emissions from the agriculture, forestry and other land use sector directly accounted for 22 percent of total global emission (FAO, 2019a). Behrens et al (2017) also show the burden of food systems on the environment. “Food systems place large and increasing burdens on the environment. Food production accounts for 19–29% of global greenhouse gas emissions (80–86% of which are in agriculture), drives eutrophication, and occupies ~33% of the ice-free land globally. Furthermore, agricultural development threatens biodiversity and can increase soil degradation. The increased environmental impact of food is driven by an increase in global population, in combination with a decrease in undernutrition. On top of this, recent trends show increasing demand for foods with high environmental impacts. Although there are environmental impacts that could be eased with improved supply-side production techniques, there is a large scope for demand-side changes through individual dietary choice, in terms of both food choices and quantities consumed. Careful consideration of choices, although ensuring sufficient macro-nutrient and micronutrient intake, may also result in a co-benefit because in general, environmentally friendly dietary choices can confer large co-benefits in health outcomes” (Behrens et al., 2017).
Monitoring and evaluation can help to make these different trade-offs explicit, by making available existing evidence, and by generating new evidence, so as to support more informed decision-making for inclusive and sustainable food systems. According to keynote speaker Ruerd Ruben, often there are trade-offs, and you need the intelligence of many people to deal with many problems, overcome trade-offs, support synergies and make food systems work.
4.2.6 Scenario thinking and forward-looking evaluations
Dealing with food systems calls for or forward-looking Keynote speaker Irene Guijt indicated that M&E usually looks at the past, but often we don’t look at the assumptions we make about the future. Scenario thinking can help to have a conversation about possible futures, and to think through the trade-offs when making different choices. In this way, M&E can connect the past with the future, and support more informed decision-making for more inclusive and sustainable food systems. Irene encouraged us to bring scenario thinking into the M&E practice, and allow uncertainty to be looked at. Irene to explained how Oxfam GB used scenario thinking to think through the possible scenarios or
trade-offs that may arise as a result of certain decisions. Keynote speaker *Ruerd Ruben* called for more forward-looking evaluations. Scenario thinking and foresight are needed to better help shape the future towards more inclusive and sustainable food systems.
4.2.7 Theories of change for systemic change, from a multilevel perspective
*Seerp Wigboldus* called for the need to have theories of change that focus on systemic change, and integrate elements from a multi-level perspective. These theories of change need to be made explicit in collaboration with stakeholders and need to be updated regularly due to the complex nature of food systems. According to Ruerd Ruben there is a need to have evaluations with a theory (of change) with respect to behavioural changes, so as to understand, but also work towards behaviour that is more sustainable and inclusive. With this, there is a need to connect local to global outcomes and move from problem-solving to system responses.
Van Tulder and Keen refer to designing complexity-sensitive theories of change for cross-sector partnerships. They developed a complexity alignment framework and a diagnostic tool that enables partnerships to better appreciate the complexity of the context in which they operate, allowing them to adjust their learning strategy (Van Tulder & Keen, 2018).
4.2.8 Collaborative sense making and learning
"Evaluation plays an important role in processes of learning and mutual accountability. Evaluations can be used to generate evidence on what works and to assess progress in SDG implementation. The evidence generated through evaluation can contribute to strategies to operationalise the SDGs and to inform policy and management decisions. Collective learning, knowledge sharing, and capacity building in development evaluation, in line with Agenda 2030, contributes to stronger evaluation systems and practice; it also helps DAC members and developing partners adapt to new evaluation challenges" (OECD-DAC, 2019).
Transformation needs different stakeholders from different sectors to collaborate at different levels, which requires a process of collaborative learning and sense making. Keynote speaker *Irene Guijt* also stressed the importance of collaborative sense making. *Cecile Kusters* indicated that international trends and developments also show that there is a need to move from measuring indicators to evaluative thinking, and pay more attention to sense making of findings, particularly for issues that are more complex. Learning can be done from single, to double to triple loop. M&E can play its role by sense making of a food system in the past, present and future, so as to make informed decisions as to navigate complexity, minimise trade-offs, and contributes towards inclusive and sustainable food systems for healthy diets.
4.2.9 Complexity sensitive/responsive evaluation approaches and principles
"Dealing with complexity in development evaluation requires more than a good understanding of the various complexity dimensions that characterize an intervention and its context. It requires a set of methodological approaches that can address particular aspects of complexity in the evaluation design and implementation" (Raimondo, Vaessen, Vaessen, & Bamberger, 2015).
Whilst no specific approaches have yet been developed specifically to monitor and evaluation food systems, we can draw on a range of approaches, methods and tools that available and tweak these. For example systems based evaluation approaches; complexity sensitive/responsive evaluation; approaches for (agricultural) innovation; to more approaches and methods that specifically zoom in on particular elements of food systems. There is not one approach that will capture everything but rather a flexible combination of approaches and methods is needed, whilst at the same time adhering to principles that support M&E for transition to sustainable food systems for healthy diets, such as engaging multiple stakeholders in multiple sectors at multiple levels (glocal – from local to global); systems thinking; collaborative learning and sensemaking.
But it’s not just about methods, we also need to understand food systems in their context, by looking at the past, present and future. This includes methods and approaches for systems mapping, visioning, and scenario mapping. It involves collaboration and dialogue, so as to work on the food system from multiple perspectives.
M&E methods and approaches need to be matched to the complexity of issues, capture unexpected changes and look for what is emerging. Feedback loops are needed to improve understanding the context, and this needs to be a reflexive process, where different stakeholders engage in sense-making and learning. Building relationships and trust are crucial in addressing multiple issues that interact.
Below are just but a few of approaches that could be useful for M&E that supports a transition to inclusive and sustainable food systems for healthy diets.
Raimondo et al. (2015) refer to a range of methodological approaches that stem from complexity science and how they can be applied in evaluation. This can also be useful for food system analysis.
Table 1 - Text Possible Uses of Complexity Science Approaches in Evaluation (Raimondo et al., 2015)
| Methods | Dimensions of complexity | Use in evaluation |
|--------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| System dynamics | Dealing with interconnectedness and dynamic interrelationships | • Map the program context
• Test assumptions underlying a particular causal chain within a theory of change
• Assess the change in the state of a system based on different hypotheses about the dynamics of an intervention |
| Critical systems heuristics | Dealing with embedded norms, beliefs and values | • Elicit particular motivations, values, and perspectives held by a range of program stakeholders
• Assess how these different values and perspectives can lead to possible design failures |
| Systems mapping | Dealing with complex theories of change | • Map the various complexity dimensions of an intervention and its context
• As the basis for pre and post comparison (comparing a systems map at the end of an intervention to a systems map prior to the start of an intervention) |
| Social network analysis | Dealing with a large number of stakeholders and their relationships | • Identify the multiple layers of relationships among various stakeholders
• Explore the structures that form or are formed by networks
• Assess how different patterns of networks illustrate differential levels of capacity, communication, resource movement, etc. |
| Agent-based modelling | Dealing with complex causal processes | • Model various levels of reality (e.g., macro level of society, meso-level of an organization, micro-level of a program)
• Anticipate the outcome of a situation based on the simulation of interactions, preferences, and characteristics of individual agents |
Complexity sensitive evaluation approaches like theory-based evaluation approaches, including outcome harvesting, realist evaluation, contribution analysis and processes tracing are also upcoming in relation to dealing with more complex issues. The case of Oxfam Novib using outcome harvesting was also presented during the conference. Real-time monitoring as well as do experiments were also mentioned as relevant. Overall, a mixed methods approach was encouraged, whilst having a flexible
approach to M&E that supports adaptive management. Seerp Wigboldus indicated it is not possible to meaningfully capture food systems in one model and that we have to work with multiple, complementary models. The same is true, he indicated, with M&E designs, and we need to aim for complementary designs covering different dimensions and dynamics, and not all-encompassing ones. Food systems also need to be looked at as being related to other systems such as the governance system, health system, political system, etc.
Michael Quinn Patton’s latest book on Blue Marble evaluation, provides a framework for developing, adapting, and evaluating major systems change initiatives involving complex networks of stakeholders. He demonstrates how the four overarching principles and 12 operating principles of this innovative approach allow evaluators, planners, and implementers to home in on sustainability and equity issues in an intervention. Blue Marble evaluation is rooted in utilization-focused, developmental, and principles-focused evaluation, and is designed to tackle problems outside the reach of traditional evaluation practice (Patton, 2019).
Bob Williams has developed a range of relevant resources that provide systems concepts in evaluation (Williams & Imam, 2007), that help to put systems concepts in action (Williams & Hummelbrunner, 2010), or that provide a systems approach to complex problems (Williams & van’t Hof, 2016). His most recent book is about systemic evaluation design.
In their workshop, Diane Bosch and Marion Herens indicate that urban food systems pose different challenges, including a reducing rural population responsible for food production, increasing demand on infrastructure services, natural resource scarcity and climate change. They refer to the City Region Food System Toolkit. This toolkit provides guidance on how to assess and build sustainable city region food systems; a multi-stakeholder approach is crucial.
Helena Posthumus and Just Dengerink in their workshop refer to the ‘food systems decision support tool’, that is based on one of the food system frameworks currently existing.
Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural Innovation Systems (RAAIS) may also be useful. “RAAIS is a diagnostic tool that can guide the analysis of complex agricultural problems and innovation capacity of the agricultural system in which the complex agricultural problem is embedded” (Schut et al., 2015). One can build on this in relation to food systems.
The workshop held by Aurélie Toillier and Manuela Bucciarelli was also informative in this respect. They focused on MEL of capacity development interventions for strengthening agricultural innovation systems, which are gaining attention, in contrast to linear approaches of technology transfer. In order to strengthen capacities to innovate at the niche level, a MEL approach was not only track changes in the capacities of the stakeholders involved in each innovation niche partnership, but also to support their capacity development itself through self-assessment of their collective capacities to innovate and refinement of their strategy and action plan. The approach combines qualitative tools and participatory workshops: a capacity needs assessment workshop with a scoring tool, a coaching plan with progress markers, reflexion and refinement workshops and a contribution analysis diagram.
Van Mierlo and Regeer have developed an approach ‘reflexive monitoring in action’ (RMA) that has been developed especially for projects that aim to contribute to the sustainable development of a sector or region by working on system innovation (Van Mierlo et al., 2010).
The Managing for Sustainable Development Impact approach may also be useful in the sense that is an integrated, results-oriented management approach, which can be used across a range of sectors and domains in a variety of contexts, and aims to contribute towards the Sustainable Development Goals. It addresses some of the most pressing concerns, such as engaging primary stakeholders, designing effective strategies and related M&E, focusing on capacity development, and responding to change in a complex context. Key features of M4SDI include its people-centered approach and how it seeks to integrate planning, monitoring and evaluation processes (Kusters et al., 2017).
Specific methods and approaches should not be the starting point, but rather principles that underpin monitoring and evaluation, so as to truly support transformation towards inclusive and sustainable food systems for healthy diets.
4.2.10 Develop adaptive capacities for collaborative sense-making and food system transformation
Transformation of food systems requires M&E to transform and this requires developing adaptive capacities, including sensemaking, being able to engage with system change and cross-boundaries. According to keynote speaker Irene Guijt “We need to invest more in sensemaking of the data as it’s people who have to make decisions based on the analysis. The M&E profession needs to get its act together and start to be more serious in terms of competence, time and money in sensemaking”. M&E professionals need to be able to engage with systems change and cross boundaries, as indicated in the PME trends and developments by Cecile Kusters. Aurélie Toillier and Manuela Bucciarelli indicated “Developing capacities to innovate require embedding M&E into learning processes so that innovation partnerships become empowered to manage and achieve successfully their project.”
The Prague declaration on Evaluation for Transformational Change, also indicates there is a need to “support professionalization and capacity development of commissioners, evaluators, development partners and the diversity of stakeholders, in support of evaluation for transformational change” (IDEAS, 2019).
The Managing for Sustainable Development Impact guide speaks about the following key competencies that are needed to manage towards impact: strategic thinking, systems thinking, strategic foresight, managing change, facilitating learning and engagement, and strategic communication. In addition to this, more technical competencies are needed, such as situation analysis, strategic planning and management, operational planning and management, M&E design, data collection and analysis, and sense making and reporting for use (Kusters et al., 2017).
In addition to this, the collaboration with stakeholders, needs to include technical experts that have expertise on specific elements of the food systems such as nutritionists, environmentalists, agronomists, or behaviour specialists (e.g. to understand what drivers influence healthy diets), so as to ensure different kinds of backgrounds and knowledge. For transformation to be supported by M&E, there is need for close collaboration with stakeholders, so as to come to a shared vision or long-term purpose, whilst negotiating trade-offs. Next to systems thinking and strategic thinking, analytical thinking skills are needed, whilst having the ability to not only zoom in but also to zoom out. Communication is also needed during the process of transformation, for example, to translate different kinds of knowledge. In all of these processes, leadership is crucial and this includes being creative and thinking out of the box.
M&E needs to support decision-making for inclusive and sustainable food systems, and needs to not only generate good quality evidence, but also facilitate dialogue so as to bridge and work across silos. Evidence is needed on possible trade-offs, leverage points and the why and how change mechanisms. Whilst evidence can inform decision-making, one also needs to be able to deal with emotions and with power (Kusters, ten Hove, Brouwers, & Mostert, 2018) – different stakeholders have different interests in food systems changes and the extent to which they can influence these changes varies. Dealing with power also involves using an ‘inclusion’ lens, so as to empower the marginal. Since food systems are complex, and different stakeholders have different perspectives and backgrounds, the learning and sense-making will need to be facilitated so as to come to a shared understanding of the situation. This involves facilitating dialogues between actors and making conflicting results comparable.
Seerp Wigboldus elaborated on a model he had developed for collective capabilities (capacity) for inclusive and sustainable food system performance. This is based on the 5 C framework by Morgan and Baser (2008).
De Brauw, A., Brouwer, I. D., Snoek, H., Vignola, R., Melesse, M. B., Lochetti, G., . . . Ruben, R. (2019). *Food system innovations for healthier diets in low and middle-income countries* (Vol. 1816): Intl Food Policy Res Inst.
Fanzo, J., Hawkes, C., Udomkesmalee, E., Afshin, A., Allemandi, L., Assery, O., . . . Chen, K. (2018). 2018 Global Nutrition Report: Shining a light to spur action on nutrition.
FAO. (2019a). The Climate Smart Agriculture Sourcebook (living, online document).
FAO. (2019b). SDG Indicator 2.1.1 – Prevalence of undernourishment. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/indicators/211/en/
FAO. (2019c). The State Food Security and Nutrition in the World. Safeguarding against Economic Slowdowns And Downturns.
FAO. (2019d). Sustainable food systems. Concept and framework.
He, P., Baiocchi, G., Hubacek, K., Feng, K., & Yu, Y. (2018). The environmental impacts of rapidly changing diets and their nutritional quality in China. *Nature Sustainability*, 1(3), 122.
HLPE. (2017). Nutrition and food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome.
IDEAS. (2019). Prague Declaration on Evaluation for Transformational Change. Adopted during the 2019 IDEAS Global Assembly and the Third International Conference on Evaluating Environment and Development, held in Prague, October 2019.
IIED, E., EvalPartners, The Nippon Foundation Nereus Program. (2019). From monitoring goals to systems-informed evaluation: insights from SDG14. . *IIED Briefing*.
Kusters, C., Batjes, K., Brouwers, J., & Baguma, S. D. (2017). *managing for sustainable development impact*: Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, Wageningen University & Research.
Kusters, C., ten Hove, H., Brouwers, J., & Mostert, R. H. (2018). *Conference report: Communicating Evidence for Sustainable Development: 4-5 April 2018, the Netherlands*. Retrieved from OECD-DAC. (2019). Sustainable Development Goals and Evaluation.
Patton, M. Q. (2010). *Developmental evaluation: Applying complexity concepts to enhance innovation and use*: Guilford Press.
Patton, M. Q. (2019). *Blue Marble Evaluation: Premises and Principles*: Guilford Press.
Posthumus, H., de Steenhuijsen Piters, B., Dengerink, J., & Vellema, S. (2019). A decision-support tool for the design of food & nutrition security programming: Bridging concept and practice in the Food System approach.
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Schut, M., Klerks, L., Rodenburg, J., Kayeke, J., Hinnou, L. C., Raboanarelina, C. M., . . . Bastiaans, L. (2015). RAAIS: Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural Innovation Systems (Part 1). A diagnostic tool for integrated analysis of complex problems and innovation capacity. *Agricultural Systems*, 132, 1-11.
United Nations. (n.d.). Pathways to Zero Hunger. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/zerohunger/content/challenge-hunger-can-be-eliminated-our-lifetimes
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Van Mierlo, B., Reeger, B., van Amstel, M., Arkesteijn, M., Beekman, V., Bunders, J., . . . Leeuwis, C. (2010). *Reflexive monitoring in action. A guide for monitoring system innovation projects* (9085855993). Retrieved from
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Vermeulen, S. J., Campbell, B. M., & Ingram, J. S. (2012). Climate change and food systems. *Annual review of environment and resources*, 37, 195-222.
Willett, W., Rockström, J., Loken, B., Springmann, M., Lang, T., Vermeulen, S., . . . Wood, A. (2019). Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. *The Lancet*, 393(10170), 447-492.
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Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation supports value creation by strengthening capacities for sustainable development. As the international expertise and capacity building institute of Wageningen University & Research we bring knowledge into action, with the aim to explore the potential of nature to improve the quality of life. With approximately 30 locations, 5,000 members of staff and 10,000 students, Wageningen University & Research is a world leader in its domain. An integral way of working, and cooperation between the exact sciences and the technological and social disciplines are key to its approach.
Report WCDI-19-066
Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation supports value creation by strengthening capacities for sustainable development. As the international expertise and capacity building institute of Wageningen University & Research we bring knowledge into action, with the aim to explore the potential of nature to improve the quality of life. With approximately 30 locations, 5,000 members of staff and 10,000 students, Wageningen University & Research is a world leader in its domain. An integral way of working, and cooperation between the exact sciences and the technological and social disciplines are key to its approach.
Report WCDI-19-066 | a478eef7-1161-458c-9b73-84d9d3a3e94b | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 142,148 |
26 January 2018
Investment Survey
Business investment expected to increase by 3.7% in nominal terms in 2018
According with the opinions expressed in the October 2017 Investment Survey (with an inquiring period between the 1 st October 2017 and the 17 th January 2018) the entrepreneurial investment is expected to present a nominal increase of 3.7% in 2018. This survey also points to an increase of 5.5% in 2017, which represents a slight upward revision comparing with the perspectives revealed in the previous survey (change rate of 5.1%) and a more significant revision comparing with the first estimate for 2017 obtained in the October 2016 survey (3.8%).
Among the investment objectives, between 2017 and 2018, the relative weight of the extension of the production capacity investment is expected to increase, while the relative weights of replacement investment and the investment for other purposes are expected to decrease and the streamline production investment relative importance is expected to remain unchanged. The replacement investment will continue to stand as the most mentioned investment objective, despite the decrease of its relative weight between 2017 and 2018.
Regarding the main limitative factor for business investment identified in the survey, the deterioration of the sales perspectives was the most mentioned in both years, followed, in 2017, by the uncertainty about the investment profitability and, in 2018, by the lack of self-funding capacity. Between 2017 and 2018 the relative weight of the lack of self-funding capacity is expected to increase while the relative importance of the difficulty in obtaining bank loans will decrease.
1. Main results
The results from the October 2017 Investment Survey (with an inquiring period between the 1 st October 2017 and the 17 th January 2018) point to a 5.5% nominal increase of the entrepreneurial Gross Fixed Capital Formation in 2017 (table 1). Comparing with the investment expectations obtained in the April 2017 survey (occurred between the 1 st April and the 28 th June 2017) there was a slight upward revision of the entrepreneurial investment change rate for 2017 of 0.4 percentage points (p.p.). The revision of the entrepreneurial investment change rate for 2017 was more significant when comparing with the first estimate obtained in the October 2016 survey (3.8%).
Considering the firms size by number of workers, the fourth group (employing 500 or more workers) presented the higher contribution (2.6 p.p.) to the investment change rate in 2017, increasing 6.7%, followed by the firms in the second (employing between 50 and 249 workers) and third groups (employing between 250 and 499 workers), with a contribution of 1.2 p.p. in both cases (and increases of 5.9% and 7.5%, respectively). Finally, the firms of the first group (employing less than 50 workers) registered a smaller positive contribution (0.4 p.p.), due to an increase of 1.8% of the investment.
For 2018, the current survey points to a nominal change rate of the enterprises' investment of 3.7%.
The increase of the investment in 2018 reflects the positive contribution of the firms of the fourth group (5.3 p.p.), due to a change rate of 13.4%. The firms from the remaining groups contributed negatively for the investment in 2018.
The deceleration of the business investment between 2017 (5.5%) and 2018 (3.7%) (difference of 1.8 p.p.) reflects especially the contribution of the investment in firms of the third group (from 1.2 p.p. in 2017 to -0.7 p.p. in 2018), which is expected to shift from a change rate of 7.5% in 2017 to -4.5% in 2018.
The results obtained for the exporting firms from the Manufacturing section, point to a 8.8% change rate of the investment in 2017. This increase was more intense than the observed for the section (8.7%) and for all firms (5.5%). For 2018, the exporting firms' investment is expected to present a slight decrease of -0.1%, in contrast with the increases for the Manufacturing section (0.2%) and for total firms (3.7%).
In this survey, the diffusion indicator of investment (percentage of firms with investments or intending to invest) maintained the downward evolution in the three years analyzed. This indicator stood at 88.5%, 80.2% and 77.2%, for 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively.
2. Results by section of economic activity (NACE-Rev.2)
In 2017, the increase of business GFCF (5.5%) was due to the positive contribution of seven of the thirteen surveyed sections of economic activity. Manufacturing and Administrative and support service activities sections recorded the most significant positive contributions (2.5 p.p. in the former case and 1.9 p.p. in the later), presenting growth rates of 8.7% and 15.1%, respectively. The Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning supply section registered the most intense negative contribution (-0.8 p.p. due to an 8.8% decrease in 2017).
Table 1
STRUCTURE, CHANGE AND DIFFUSION OF INVESTMENT
(a) Percentual investment distribution by NACE sections
(b) Year-on-year change rate, nominal (%)
(c) Percentage of firms with investments or expecting to invest
For 2018 (expected growth rate of 3.7%), the survey results point to positive change rates of the business GFCF in nine of the thirteen sections. The sections with the most relevant positive contributions are Financial and insurance activities (1.6 p.p. with a change rate of 27.2%) and Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (1.1 p.p. with a change rate of 71.3%). On the other hand, the Accommodation and food service activities and the Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning supply sections registered the most significant negative contributions to the change rate of total investment in 2018 (-0.9 p.p. and -0.8 p.p. with reductions of -25.0% and -10.5%, respectively).
The business GFCF deceleration between 2017 (5.5%) and 2018 (3.7%) is determined by the contribution of seven sections, mainly the Manufacturing and Administrative and support service activities, with contributions of -2.4 p.p., -1.2 p.p., respectively.
3. Results by subsection of the Manufacturing section
For 2017, the results from the current survey point to an increase of 8.7% of the investment in the Manufacturing section, with positive change rates in ten of the fourteen subsections (table 2). The Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers and other transport equipment and the Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products; Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations registered the most intense positive contributions to the investment change rate for this section (6.0 p.p. and 1.9 p.p., respectively), increasing by 44.8% and 24.9% in 2017. On the other hand, Manufacture of paper and paper products; Printing and reproduction of recorded media recorded the most significant decrease in investment (-28.4%) and the most relevant negative contribution (-1.7 p.p.) to the change rate of this section's investment in 2017 in 2017.
Comparing with the results from the previous survey, the business GFCG growth rate for the Manufacturing section was slightly revised downwards by 0.4 p.p. in 2017 (9.1% change rate in the previous survey).
Table 2
STRUCTURE AND CHANGE IN MANUFACTURING
(a) Percentual investment distribution by subsections of Manufacturing
(b) Year-on-year change rate, nominal (%)
For 2018, the estimated growth rate for the GFCF in the Manufacturing section is 0.2%, pointing to an increase in investment in seven of the fourteen subsections. The most relevant contribution to this result is observed in the Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products (6.2 p.p.), reflecting a growth rate of 155.1% in 2018.
Between 2017 and 2018, the results point to a pronounced deceleration in the Manufacturing section investment (-8.5 p.p.), which is mostly due to the Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers and other transport equipment (-10.1 p.p.).
The results obtained for the exporting firms of the Manufacturing section point to a slightly more intense increase in 2017 than for the total section (8.8% compared to 8.7%) and the total of inquired sections (5.5%). For 2018, the
survey points to a slight decrease of 0.1% of the business investment for the exporting firms, in contrast with the increases for the Manufacturing section (0.2%) and for total firms (3.7%).
4. Size of firms by number of workers
Considering all the inquired sections and the firms' size by number of workers, the companies of all groups contributed positively to the increase of investment in 2017 (5.5%), notably the fourth group with an increase of 6.7% (contribution of 2.6 p.p.).
Table 3
STRUCTURE AND CHANGE BY SIZE OF FIRMS
(a) Percentual investment distribution by firms size
(b) Year-on-year change rate, nominal (%)
For 2018 the results point to an increase in investment only in the firms of the fourth group, with a change rate of 13.4% and a contribution to the change rate of total investment of 5.3 p.p.. On the contrary, the firms from the third, second and the first groups recorded negative contributions to the change rate of total investment of 0.7 p.p. in the first two cases and 0.2 p.p. in the latter (due to change rates of -4.5%, -3.5% e -0.8%, respectively).
The less intense growth of the business investment between 2017 (5.5%) and 2018 (3.7%) was led by the negative contributions of the companies of the third, second and first groups, since the firms of the fourth group registered a more significant positive contribution.
Concerning the Manufacturing section, investment in 2017 increased in three of the four groups. The firms of the fourth group registered the most intense increase (23.5%) and the most significant positive contribution to the investment change rate in this section (7.3 p.p.). The firms of the second group presented the only negative contribution (-1.9 p.p., with a change rate of -6.2%).
According with the results obtained in the current survey, the slight increase in investment in 2018 for the Manufacturing section is determined by the firms in the fourth and third groups (change rates of 6.7% and 3.8% with contributions of 2.4 p.p. and 0.8 p.p., respectively). The investment of the firms in the second and first groups presented negative change rates (-10.3% and -1.3%, with contributions of -2.7 p.p. and -0.2 p.p., by the same order).
Between 2017 and 2018, the strong deceleration of investment in the Manufacturing section (-8.5 p.p.), was mainly driven by the results of the firms of the fourth group, that shifted from a change rate of 23.5% in 2017 to 6.7% (contribution of -4.9 p.p. to the evolution of the investment between 2017 and 2018), followed by the firms in the third group (with a contribution of -2.2 p.p.).
5. Investment destinations
The business GFCF positive change rate (5.5%) obtained for 2017 resulted from the positive contributions of other investments (3.6 p.p.), investment in equipment (3.0 p.p.) and in transport material (0.4 p.p.), while the investment in constructions registered a negative contribution (-1.5 p.p.) (table 4).
For 2018, the investment in equipment registers the most significant positive contribution (2.2 p.p.) to the change rate of total investment (3.7%), followed by other investments and constructions (1.0 p.p. and 0.7 p.p., respectively), while the investment in transport material contributes negatively (-0.1 p.p.).
Table 4
INVESTMENT BY TYPE OF ASSET
(a) Percentual investment distribution by type of assets.
(b) Year-on-year change rate, nominal (%)
6. Investment objectives
In 2017 and 2018, for the total of the inquired sections, the replacement investment objective remained as the main objective of investment (with a weight of 38.7% for the average of the two years), followed by extension of production capacity (37.8%) (table 5). The objectives related to other investments and streamline production represented 14.0 % and 9.4% of total investment for the average of the two years, respectively.
Between 2017 and 2018, the relative weight of other investments and replacement investment is expected to diminish (-1.2 p.p. and -0.3 p.p. respectively), while the weight of the streamline production objective will remain unchanged and the relative importance of the extension of production capacity is predicted to increase (1.4 p.p.).
Concerning the Manufacturing section, in the average of the two years, 49.2% of investment has the objective of extension of production capacity and 28.2% the replacement. From 2017 to 2018, the importance of the extension of production capacity and replacement objectives will increase (0.6 p.p. and 0.5 p.p. respectively), while the relative weight of other investments and the streamline production objective may diminish (-0.7 p.p. and -0.3 p.p., respectively).
Regarding the exporting firms, the extension of the production capacity is also the main objective of investment for 2017 and 2018 (weighting 50.7% in the average of the two years), followed by the replacement investment (28.4%). Comparing to the Manufacturing section, the extension of the production capacity investment presents a higher weight among the exporting firms (1.5 p.p.) and the streamline production a lower weight (-1.2 p.p.). Between 2017 and 2018, the weight of the extension of the production capacity investment is expected to register the only growth among the exporting firms (0.8 p.p.) and a higher increase comparing with the total Manufacturing section (0.6 p.p.). On the other hand, the weight of the replacement investment is expected to decrease (-0.3 p.p.), which contrasts with a 0.5 p.p. increase for the total of the Manufacturing section.
Table 5
INVESTIMENT OBJECTIVES (a)
(a) Percentual investment distribution by investment objectives
7. Investment funding
Self-funding continues to be the main source of funding for the surveyed firms, weighting 66.3% and 65.4% of the total in 2017 and 2018, respectively (table 6). For the average of the two years, this source of funding is particularly relevant in the Information and communication (96.4%), the Professional, scientific and technical activities (84.9%) and the Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (82.2%) sections. Self-funding is less important in the Administrative and support service activities section (22.8%).
When analysing the evolution of the funding structure between 2017 and 2018, the weight of self-funding decreases in five of the thirteen sections, more intensely in the cases of the Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (-12.0 p.p.), Manufacturing (-3.9 p.p.) and Accommodation and food service activities (-1.8 p.p.)
sections. On the opposite direction, the sections of Construction (5.2 p.p.) and of Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (4.8 p.p.) presented the most significant growths of the weight of self-funding between the two years.
The weight of Government loans and EU funds and grants as sources of funding is predicted to increase between 2017 and 2018 (0.6 p.p. and 0.4 p.p., respectively). Nevertheless, bank loans continue to be the second main source of funding (20.2% in the average of the two years). Notice that in the Construction and the Transportation and storage sections this source represents, on average, 36.8% and 34.7% of the total, respectively. From 2017 to 2018, the importance of this funding source increased in three of the thirteen sections, mainly in the sections of Manufacturing (4.6 p.p.) and Accommodation and food service activities (4.0 p.p.). The sections of Mining and quarrying (-7.4 p.p.), Construction (-7.1 p.p.) and Transportation and storage (-6.9 p.p.) presented the most pronounced decreases in the weight of this funding source between the two referred years.
Table 6
INVESTIMENT FUNDING
(a) Percentual investment distribution by investment funding
Similarly to the total of the inquired activities and to the Manufacturing section, the exporting firms also indicate self-funding as the main source of funding, weighting 70.2% and 66.0% of the total in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Between the two referred years, the weight of this source diminished in both the exporting firms (-4.2 p.p.) and in the Manufacturing section (-3.9 p.p.). Bank loans are the second source of funding among the exporting firms, weighting 22.4% in the average of the two years (comparing with 24.7% for the Manufacturing section and 20.2% for the total of the inquired activities).
8. Investment limitations
Between 2017 and 2018, for the total of the inquired activities, the percentage of firms with investment limitations stabilized (35.3% both years), led by two of the thirteen inquired sections (six sections registered an increase and five sections a decrease). Considering the average of the two years, two of the thirteen sections presented limitations of investment in more than 50% of the firms, namely in Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (66.4%) and Mining and quarrying (53.7%) (table 7). The Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply section presented the lowest percentage (4.4%).
In the Manufacturing section, the percentage of firms with investment limitations shifted from 38.7% in 2017 to 38.3% in 2018, with slightly higher percentages in the case of the exporting firms (39.5% and 42.3% in 2017 and 2018, respectively).
Table 7
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS (a)
(a) Percentage of enterprises with investment limitations
The deterioration of the sales perspectives remained as the main limiting factor (25.2% and 25.3% in 2017 and 2018, respectively), followed, in 2017, by the uncertainty of investment profitability and, in 2018, by the lack of self-funding capacity (20.2% in both cases) (table 8).
From 2017 to 2018, the increase of the lack of self-funding capacity weight (0.8 p.p.) was partially offset by the decrease in the weight of the difficulty in obtaining bank loans (-0.5 p.p.).
Table 8
MAIN FACTOR LIMITING INVESTMENT IN 2018 (a)
(a) Percentage of enterprises that chooses each limiting factor, from all the enterprises with investment limitations
Considering the exporting firms, the main factor limiting investment indicated was the deterioration of the sales perspectives (27.9% and 32.3%, in 2017 and 2018, respectively), followed by the uncertainty about the investments profitability (23.6% and 18.4%, respectively). For the average of the two years and comparing to the Manufacturing section, the deterioration of the sales perspectives, the insufficient production capacity and, mainly, the shortage of qualified labour force are less relevant for the exporting firms, while the opposite is observed on the remaining factors, especially in the case of the self-funding capacity.
Between 2017 and 2018, the weight of other limiting factors increased 7.7 p.p. (1.1 p.p. in the Manufacturing section) and the weight of the uncertainty about the investment profitability diminished -5.2 p.p. (-0.1 p.p. in the Manufacturing section).
9. Investment and job creation
Concerning the creation of jobs related to investment, most of the inquired sections presented positive balances. Considering the average for the two analyzed years, the higher balances were observed in the sections of Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles, of Information and communication and of Mining and quarrying (table 9). On the contrary, the sections of Financial and insurance activities and Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply presented the lowest balances.
From 2017 to 2018, this balance should increase for the total of the inquired activities, driven by five of the thirteen sections. The Construction section registers the most significant growth, while the Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles section records the most pronounced decrease.
For the exporting firms, the average of this balance was positive and higher than in the Manufacturing section and the total of inquired activities, increasing between 2017 and 2018 (which contrasts with the decrease observed in the latter two cases).
INVESTMENT AND JOB CREATION (a)
| N A C E-R ev.2 | YEA R | IN C R EA SE | R EM A IN UN C H A N GED | D EC R EA SE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mining and quarrying (Section B) | 2017 2018 | | | |
| Manufacturing (Section C) | 2017 2018 | | | |
| Of which: exporting firms | 2017 2018 | | | |
| Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (Section D) | 2017 2018 | | | |
| Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (Section E) | 2017 2018 | | | |
| Construction (Section F) | 2017 2018 | | | |
| Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (Section G) | 2017 2018 | | | |
| Transportation and storage (Section H) | 2017 2018 | | | |
| Accommodation and food service activities (Section I) | 2017 2018 | | | |
| Information and communication (Section J) | 2017 2018 | | | |
| Financial and insurance activities (Section K) | 2017 2018 | | | |
| Real estate activities (Section L) | 2017 2018 | | | |
| Professional, scientific and technical activities (Section M) | 2017 2018 | | | |
| Administrative and support service activities (Section N) | 2017 2018 | | | |
| TOTAL | 2017 2018 | 22.3 21.5 | 71.5 72.9 | 6.2 5.7 |
(a) Opinions/expectations from the entreperneurs of the impact of investment on the change on the number of employees (percentage of enterprises in each result)
Technical note:
The Investment Survey was based on a sample of 3.820 firms with more than 4 workers, classified in divisions 05-82 of NACE-Rev.2 and with a yearly turnover of, at least, €125,000. The firms with 200 or more workers were exhaustively surveyed.
The survey was conducted between the 1st October 2017 and the 17th January 2018 and the overall response rate was 90.7%.
Considering the number of workers as the stratification/extrapolation variable, these firms represent 96.5% of the sample.
For the selection of the exporting firms, the following criteria were applied to the frame and sample of the Investment Survey:
1. Based on the information provided by the Simplified Corporate Information, it was considered the firms that comply, from 2014 to 2016, the following conditions:
a. At least 50% of the total volume of export from business, or;
b. More than 10% of turnover from exports and with an amount of exports of more than €150,000.
(Note: firms with no information for 2016, it was considered information for 2015)
2. Firms that comply in 2015 and 2016 at least one of the above criteria and with a growing export profile.
3. Firms without information from the Simplified Corporate Information in at least two of the three years analyzed and which have a turnover of exports of at least €150,000, considering statistical information from the International Trade Statistics.
Applying these criteria, the frame has 7.335 firms (in total 43.926 firms) and a sample of 924 companies (in a total of 3.820 firms). Taking into account the distribution of firms by the NACE divisions and for the sake of consistency of the results, it was decided to publish results for firms belonging to the section C (Manufacturing). This set represents 3.761 firms for the frame and 577 firms for the sample. The computation of the results is the same as described in the methodological document.
Next report will be released on July 2018.
The methodological document for this survey is available at:
http://smi.ine.pt/?LANG=EN | <urn:uuid:f97260fb-aa23-4c48-b7d4-2078914cb651> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 23,685 |
Ekonomická část:
Bytové hospodářství za období 1-12 roku 2013 mělo výnosy ve výši 11 295 961,74 Kč a výdajová stránka je tvořena celkovými náklady ve výši 6 218 273,64 Kč a odvodem z hospodářské činnosti 5 998 802,- ve výši Kč.
Celkové výnosy byly ve výši 11 295 961,74 Kč. Z toho tržby z nájmu byly ve výši 10 927 935,- Kč, tržby z nájmu nebytových prostor byly ve výši 3 996,- Kč, tržby za pokuty a penále činily 352 550,01 Kč, přefakturace prací činila 3 189,-Kč a přijaté úroky od banky byly ve výši 596,73 Kč a tržby z poštovného činily 7 695,- Kč.
Celková výše nákladů činila 6 218 273,64 Kč. Náklady na opravy a udržování byly ve výši 3 674 532,09 Kč, rozpis jednotlivých nákladů je uveden v příloze. V příloze číslo 1 podle jednotlivých druhů oprav, v příloze číslo 2 po položkách a jednotlivých druzích oprav a v příloze číslo 3 po jednotlivých druzích oprav vynaložených na jednotlivé domy.
Ostatní služby činily 1 874 252,85 Kč, rozpis jednotlivých druhů ostatních služeb po jednotlivých druzích je uveden v příloze číslo 4 a v příloze číslo 5 jsou uvedeny položkově a po jednotlivých druzích. Z ostatních nákladů činily materiálové náklady 116 943,- Kč, spotřeba energie byla ve výši 4 528,- Kč, ostatní poplatky /kolky/ činily 1 400,- Kč, ostatní poplatky a/fond oprav/ byly ve výši 123 007 Kč a tvorba opravných položek činila 423 610,70 Kč.
Z hospodářské činnosti bytového hospodářství byla odvedena do rozpočtu obce částka 5 998 802,- Kč
Vyučitované placené služby činily 6 892 808,62 a předpis záloh na placené služby /účet 324/ činil 7 190 200 Kč a je uveden v příloze číslo 6
Zůstatek běžného účtu k 31. 12. 2013 činil u KB 25 214,74 Kč a u ČS 346 455,65 Kč.
Provozní část:
Za rok 2013 bylo předáno 22 bytů do užívání nájemníků a 23 bytů bylo převzato od nájemníků, z toho byly 7 bytů bylo předáno pro neplacení nájmu a služeb, schválen jeden přechod nájmu.
K 31.12.2013 evidovány 3 volné byty.
Bylo přijato 306 objednávek na opravy.
Provedeno 306 oprav, z toho bylo havarijních 22.
Za výměny zařizovacích předmětů bylo vynaloženo 1.042.835,-Kč, z toho:
| Vany | 21 ks |
|------|-------|
| Umyvadla | 20 ks |
| Boilery | 31 ks |
|---------|-------|
| dřezy | 13 ks |
| Item | Quantity | Description | Quantity |
|-----------------------------|----------|------------------------------|----------|
| Baterie míchací | 96 ks | prac.desky | 0 ks |
| WC combi/nádrž | 35/0 ks | sporáky plyn. | 8 ks |
| Sporáky el. | 7 ks | sporáky kombi | 2 ks |
| Dvouvařič | 0 ks | Kotel na tuhá paliva | 1 ks |
Byla provedena výměna vodoměrů v čp. 462-463, 564-565, byly vyčištěny venkovní kanalizační vpustě a gejgry u domů a provedena deratizace vnitřních i vnějších prostor domů, provedeno vymetání komínů spojené s prohlídkami a revizními zprávami v domech čp. 458-467, provedeno vložkování komínových průduchů pro byty 492/8, 495/17, 499/9, 493/17 a 490/5 a následná montáž nástavců na komíny, oprava 2 ks v půdní i nadstřešní části komínových těles na domech čp. 497 a 499, frézování komínů pro byty 461/11, 462/2, 463/8, 467/6, 458/5, 459/8, 461/12, 436/1. Výměna vchodových dveří u bytu 464/2, 564/5, 450/2 a 565/11. Výměna PVC a dlažby v bytech 558/9, 492/8, 464/2 a 446/4. Výměna radiátorů v 558/9, 558/9 a 559/6 a kotel na tuhá paliva 460/1. Dále provedeny prohlídky a revize elektroinstalace 14 bytů. Byla opravena kan.vpust' u domu čp. 452, 2 ks výlezáků 493 a 496 a vyměněno 8 ks termohlavic.
Dále byly provedeny výměny oken v čp. 558-9, současně při vyzdívkách balkonových sestav proběhla výměna 8 ks radiátorů, v domě čp. 558-9 byly vyměněny měřáky RTN na radiátorech ÚT, společné televizní antény byly doplněny o nové programy, proběhla oprava vchodových dveří na všech domech.
Celkové náklady na opravy jsou ve výši 3.674.532,09 Kč.
Z toho: - opravy elektro 144.424,50 Kč
- Opravy kanalizací 131.456,00 Kč
- Opravy a údržba komínů 935.760,00 Kč
- Střechy,klemp.prvky 236.187,00 Kč
- Malování spol.prostor a bytů 21.660,00 Kč
- Opravy vody, topení 137.549,50 Kč
- Podlahářské práce 27.328,10 Kč
- Drobná údržba 294.906,89 Kč
- Vodoinstalace 39.834,50 Kč
- Opravy, nátěry,výměny oken 662.590,65 Kč
Volné byty:
| Date | Date | Byt | Price |
|------------|------------|-----|---------|
| 1.1.2013 | 12.3.2013 | 444/3 | 4.936,-Kč |
| 1.1.2013 | 11.4.2013 | 558/9 | 11.971,-Kč |
| 1.2.2013 | 28.2.2013 | 560/8 | 1.332,-Kč |
| 1.3.2013 | 31.3.2013 | 447/10 | 1.741,-Kč |
| 1.3.2013 | 30.4.2013 | 492/8 | 3.962,-Kč |
| 1.3.2013 | 21.4.2013 | 499/8 | 3.415,-Kč |
| 1.4.2013 | 9.4.2013 | 445/7 | 640,-Kč |
| 1.4.2013 | 30.4.2013 | 565/11 | 1.098,-Kč |
| 1.6.2013 | 5.6.2013 | 562/8 | 265,-Kč |
| 1.6.2013 | 12.6.2013 | 459/12 | 1.948,-Kč |
| 1.7.2013 | 11.8.2013 | 490/5 | 2.680,-Kč |
| 1.7.2013 | 31.8.2013 | 495/17 | 3.968,-Kč |
| 1.7.2013 | 14.7.2013 | 447/11 | 1.007,-Kč |
| 1.7.2013 | 16.8.2013 | 501/11 | 3.945,-Kč |
| 1.9.2013 | 12.9.2013 | 565/3 | 1.004,-Kč |
| 1.8.2013 | 22.10.2013 | 442/6 | 7.570,-Kč |
| 1.9.2013 | 17.11.2013 | 441/9 | 5.469,-Kč |
| Datum | Doba | Název | Výdaje |
|-------------|----------|-----------|---------|
| 1.11.2013 | 17.11.2013 | 445/10 | 1.237,-Kč |
| 1.11.2013 | 17.11.2013 | 559/1 | 1.238,-Kč |
| 1.11.2013 | 31.12.2013 | 448/2 | 5.120,-Kč |
| 1.11.2013 | 31.12.2013 | 446/2 | 2.076,-Kč |
| 1.11.2013 | 31.12.2013 | 496/2 | 1.359,-Kč |
Celkem ušle nájemné za neobsazené byty 67.350,- Kč
Nadále budou zajišťovány postupné opravy komínových těles a průduchů (předpokládaný náklad cca 1 mil. Kč). V roce 2014 připravuje bytová správa vyběrové řízení na rekonstrukci střech včetně nové izolace v půdních prostorech na domech čp. 490-1, 492-3 a 494-5, dále pro dům čp. 558-9 zateplení vnější konstrukce včetně výměny vchodových dveří a zvonků. Uvedené akce jsou závislé na finančních možnostech obce.
**Rozpočet bytové správy Strašice pro rok 2014 - skutečnost**
| položka | příjmy | výdaje |
|--------------------------------|--------|--------|
| Předpis nájmu-byty | 11300 | |
| Odvod z HV | | 357 |
| Investice SFRB | 0 | |
| Opravy a udržování | 2811 | |
| Splátky úvěru - rev.sídlíště | 4080 | |
| Splátka úvěru | 1607 | |
| Půjčka SFRB | | |
| Splátky úvěru | | |
| Odměna správy | 945 | |
| Ostatní náklady | | 1500 |
| Celkem | 11300 | 11300 |
jedná se o odvod za investice v roce 2013
**Čerpání prostředků za rok 2013**
| položka | Plán | Čerpání | % z roku |
|--------------------------------|-------|---------|----------|
| Opravy a udržování | 2488 | 3675 | 148 |
| Odměna správy | 925 | 945 | 102 |
| Ostatní náklady | 1500 | 1665 | 111 |
| Celkem | 4913 | 6285 | 128 |
Objem finančních prostředků plánovaných celkem 4913 tis.Kč
Při stejné frekvenci čerpání je třeba celkem 6285 tis.Kč
Rozdíl -1372 tis. Kč
Rokycany 30.1.2014
Zdeněk Smejkal
OBEC STRAŠICE
zast. správcem Z. Smejkal - Inzula
Pod kostelem 117
337 01 Rokycany-Nové Město
IČO: 259098
| Podklady pro rozbor | Strašice |
|---------------------|---------|
| dohody | 510 172 Kč |
| SIPO upomínky | 333 728 Kč |
| a N 12/13 placen v 01/14 | |
| upomínky - dopis | 169 221 Kč |
| soud | 2 581 489 Kč |
| vyúčtování placených služeb za r.2013 | -40 190 Kč |
3 554 420 Kč
Ve Strašicích 7.1.2014
OBEC STRAŠICE
zast. správcem Z. Smejkal - Inzula
Pod kostelem 117
337 01 Rokycany-Nové Město
ICO: 259098 | 9fa909a6-a7ff-44a7-b2c7-8c714ab88858 | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ces_Latn/train | finepdfs | ces_Latn | 8,099 |
Optimización de un Protocolo Dining Cryptographers Asíncrono
Tesis
Maestría en Ingeniería de Software (UNSL)
Mestrado em Ciência da Computação (UFMG)
Autor:
Ing. Pablo Marcelo García
Directores:
Jeroen van de Graaf, PhD. (UFMG)
Dr. Germán Montejano (UNSL)
Optimización de un Protocolo Non-Interactive Dining Cryptographers
Autor:
Ing. Pablo Marcelo García.
Directores:
Jeroen van de Graaf, PhD.
Dr. Germán Montejano.
Texto impreso en San Luis
Noviembre, 2013
A Gilda, Agustina e Ignacio
Reconocimientos
- A mi esposa Gilda y a mis hijos Agustina e Ignacio, por apoyarme incondicionalmente, aún cuando esta tesis incluyó una estadía de un año en el ámbito de la Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) en Belo Horizonte, Brasil.
- A mi Director, Jeroen van de Graaf, por su enorme tarea como orientador, pero más por la contención recibida desde el punto de vista humano.
- A mi Co-director, Germán Montejano, por su apoyo permanente y sobre todo por la confianza depositada en mi persona.
- Al Dr. José Monteiro da Mata, aporte fundamental desde la logística durante toda mi estadía en Belo Horizonte.
- A los Dres. Roberto Uzal y Daniel Riesco, quienes junto con Germán Montejano son permanentes generadores de oportunidades para los estudiantes e investigadores.
- A la Lic. Silvia Bast (FCEyN – UNLPam), por sus pertinentes sugerencias, producto de una profunda revisión de todo el contenido del presente documento.
- Al Msg. Rubén Pizarro (FCEyN – UNLPam), por sus importantes aportes en lo referido a temas de análisis numérico.
- A la Doctora Marina Lattanzi y la Licenciada María Paula Dieser (FCEyN – UNLPam), por sus valiosos comentarios sobre los contenidos del capítulo 5.
Al Dr. José Marcos Silva Nogueira, Director del Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación (DCC) del Instituto de Ciencias Exatas (ICEX) de la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), y por su permanente apoyo durante mi estadía en Belo Horizonte.
A Renata Viana Moraes Rocha, Secretária do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação - ICEx - UFMG, por su disposición y amabilidad para atender todas mis consultas durante mi estadía en Belo Horizonte.
Al Dr. Carlos Camaraao, quien con enorme amabilidad guió mis primeros pasos en la UFMG.
A los docentes a cargo del curso de Posgrado de UFMG "Projeto e Analissee de Algoritmos": Dr. Luiz Chaimowicz, Dr. Wagner Meira Jr., Dra. Giselle Lobo Papa y Dra. Jussara Almeida, por acompañar con enorme comprensión mi proceso de adaptación.
A Norma Beatriz Pérez, querida amiga con quien compartimos muchos momentos en Belo Horizonte
A Aclyse Mattos, mi entrañable compañero de apartamento durante toda mi estadía en la Moradía Universitaria de la UFMG.
A todo el personal de la Moradía Universitaria de la UFMG, dependiente de la Fundación Mendes Pimentel.
Pablo Marcelo García
Resumen
*Dining Cryptographers* es un esquema criptográfico presentado por Chaum en [11] cuya característica más notable es la de proveer nivel incondicional de seguridad para la privacidad de los mensajes publicados por un grupo de usuarios de una red, elemento que otorga al modelo un altísimo nivel de interés para múltiples aplicaciones criptográficas. En ese grupo se puede incluir el voto electrónico.
El esquema original exige la concurrencia online de los participantes. Sin embargo, existen múltiples situaciones prácticas en las que esta condición no necesariamente se cumple. En consecuencia, y atendiendo a la riqueza del esquema original, en [48] se presenta una derivación denominada *Non Interactive Dining Cryptographers (NIDC)*. Esta variante busca explotar todo el potencial de la propuesta original de Chaum, pero intentando cubrir un rango más amplio de problemas a los que el esquema pueda aplicarse.
El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo central proponer técnicas concretas de optimización para dos puntos específicos del modelo NIDC:
- El primer punto se refiere a mejorar el manejo de las colisiones que se producen en el esquema original, basado en un arreglo de slots, capaces de almacenar información. La elección de los mismos por parte de los participantes es necesariamente aleatoria para garantizar el anonimato. Por lo tanto, las colisiones son posibles y su aparición implica la pérdida de todos los datos que coincidan en la elección. Se analiza el tema en profundidad y se propone un nuevo esquema de canales paralelos que permite una utilización mucho más eficiente del espacio destinado a este fin, en base a propiedades de los sucesos independientes.
El segundo punto propone mejorar las técnicas utilizadas para combatir los intentos de fraude. El esquema original de Chaum advierte sobre la importancia de este punto y pone especial énfasis en determinados detalles que deben ser cuidadosamente observados; el trabajo de van de Graaf ([48]) propone un modelo que garantiza un nivel de seguridad incondicional pero a costa de una importante ineficiencia por utilizar un esquema basado en la utilización de bit commitments con XOR (BCX). Este modelo, que será analizado en profundidad en el capítulo 4, exige varias operaciones para cada bit de información, lo cuál genera un nivel de ineficiencia importante. Se propone, en consecuencia, un modelo basado en logaritmos discretos y compromisos de Pedersen, los cuales proporcionan un nivel similar de seguridad con una mayor eficiencia.
Se presenta, además, un análisis de la aplicación del modelo a aplicaciones de voto electrónico y se analiza la relación entre esta propuesta y los trabajos de Broadbent y Tapp ([7] y [8]) y Bos ([2]). | <urn:uuid:b01e55da-fb09-4b20-b367-2b6cc7819ff8> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/spa_Latn/train | finepdfs | spa_Latn | 5,579 |
Guide to choosing accessories which best suit your application
When you're in the process of purchasing one of our products, you will be able to select between several accessories that will be added to the quotation. While all these accessories are optional, it is important to define your requirements and select the appropriate additions. To help customers understand the benefits of certain accessories, follow the basic guide below.
First, it's important to ask yourself some basic questions:
Is the incubator to be used for general application, where audits are not critical, or do you need it for more stringent needs? Or is the incubator required to adhere to FDA audits?
Information below will aid you when deciding which accessories to select, and for more details you can email us on email@example.com.
When choosing accessories for a product, the following factors should be considered:
Size / Capacity: Osworld manufactures incubators in various capacities. The sample quantity to be tested will determine which capacity of incubator is suitable. When you do the sample, keep in mind that test conditions, for long term or accelerated study, are conducted over prolonged time durations. Customers are always advised to buy a bigger capacity than required to ensure samples have sufficient space. It is worth noting that incubators can only be filled with sample sizes up to 70 per cent of their overall capacity. Ensure your chosen incubator size has enough free space around the sides to allow air to flow freely.
Caution: Restricting or blocking air could result in some samples not getting desired exposure to set climatic conditions; this could call for a retest by an auditor.
Test Condition: Before purchasing, determine the temperature that your sample needs for its test. To find the optimum test condition, check the ICH guidelines to see testing standards across climatic zones. While Osworld incubators can match all ICH conditions, it is important to specify your test conditions when ordering a product. Only with this information can we test the incubator extensively based on your conditions.
PLC Control with HMI Touch Screen: Osworld incubators can be configured with PLC control, which is cutting edge technology that boasts an attractive HMI sporting a 7" colored display. With this display, customers can view parameters in clear user interfaces. Through an HMI, information such as audit trails and alarms are shown, as well as a complete data rundown. Use of the PLC control with HMI is password protected to allow access to only authorized personnel, while data is directly linked to a computer.
While the PLC control is an excellent tool, it is admittedly only necessary in specific circumstances. With that in mind, it should only be added as an accessory if your budget allows. For example, customers in remote areas with unstable power input should typically avoid adding a PLC module to an incubator. That's because PLC control systems are voltage sensitive, so some infrastructure may not be able to handle the module. Also of note is the fact PLC modules require trained engineers to handle any service issues that may arise. If you cannot provide these necessities, a conventional PID system is more useful and recommended.
Single Point Data Logger: ICH guidelines mandate the presentation of documented evidence for all incubator test cycles. All information must be retained, including the difference between set values and actual values during the duration of a test cycle. With this information, auditors can inspect the data properly. For many customers, data storage and logging devices become a vital accessory that avoids plenty of time and effort.
Software 21 CFR Part 11 complaint: All electronic documentation submitted during audits must be compliant with the 21 CFR Part 11 regulatory framework. By selecting software that automates document compliance with 21 CFR Part 11, customers also receive improved data management when using multiple incubators. We strongly recommend choosing this accessory during your purchase because it provides a more efficient and convenient data management solutions. With this software, finding old data is also much easier.
Stand-by refrigeration and sensor with auto change over: While many accessories can help you follow regulations and be compliant across several spectrums, some are just in place for convenience. No guidelines exist that demand incubators have a stand-by system, although there are guidelines that state incubators must function uninterruptedly during an entire test period.
Because some components can wear and tear through extensive use, auditors do have the power to demand there are failsafe mechanisms in place to prevent component decay. That possibility makes adding a proper periodic maintenance plan in place an ideal solution. Customers should include this addition if they have experience of needing stringent compliance that demands failsafe technology be implemented.
During operation, if the refrigeration system or sensor fails malfunctions, the system detects an error and triggers the stand-by systems to function. This allows incubators to continue working and maintain conditions that are not interrupted, while the faults are attended by service staff. This is not a 100% failsafe mechanism, as there are several other components that could fail, but stand-by systems take care of the critical components by providing support during failure.
FDA guidelines clearly state that there should be a completely functional incubator, which is validated for all required conditions to be maintained as a stand-by incubator. In the event of an incubator with samples failing, all samples should be transferred to the stand-by incubator immediately.
Multi Point Data logger: By choosing this accessory, your incubator will be able to record data at multiple points and submit documented evidence of functionality across conditions. Generally, if a temperature mapping cycle is conducted as part of PQ during installation then it is sufficient evidence of condition being uniform within the incubator. Yet, for customers dealing with larger volumes, a multi-point data logger is potentially a necessary addition.
Magnetic door lock facility: Standard incubator equipment features only a single lock and key. By choosing a magnetic door, the incubator is more secure through a door that can be accessed via a password or fingerprint scanning technology. This means only people authorized to use the incubator will have access to it. It is worth remembering that a magnetic door can only be added if you have also chosen the PLC control accessory.
GSM Module: There are no compliance requirements that demand mobile integration, so a GSM module is all about convenience.
Sample Incubator
Here we will create a sample incubator with accessories. If you are a drug manufacturer seeking to produce the best quality medicines, the Incubator we suggest for optimum outcomes features the following accessories:
1. PLC Control with HMI Touch Screen
2. Single Point Data Logger
3. Software 21 CFR Part 11 complaint
4. Stand-by refrigeration and sensor with auto change over
For interrupted failure free operation, add through local vendors:
5. UPS power system if there are power failures
6. Room air conditioning to keep surrounding temperature within limits | <urn:uuid:65ab1db5-107d-422b-8184-6a5382191ebc> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 7,396 |
Child Custody in Classical Islamic Law and Laws of Contemporary Muslim World (An Analysis)
Aayesha Rafiq
Assistant Professor Fatima Jinnah Women University Pakistan; Formerly Research Scholar at University of California Los Angeles.
Abstract
This article attempts to deliberate on the child custody laws in classical Islamic texts and the contemporary Muslim World with special focus on development of child custody laws in Pakistan. For classical Islamic law, the article refers to the laws as stated in the compendiums of fiqh of sunni and shi' i schools of thought as well as decisions of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) his companions and leading Muslim jurists. For the purpose of this study, contemporary Muslim world is divided into Muslim majority regions of Central Asia and Caucasus, South Asia, Southeast Asia, North Africa, South Africa, West Africa, Horn of Africa and Middle East. A thorough analysis of customary practices, personal status laws and trends of courts in these Muslim majority regions is carried out. Effort is made to bring out similarities, differences and developments in child custody laws in contemporary Muslim world. The article is delimited to the discussion on child custody in cases of divorce, judicial separation or dissolution of marriage only. In the end it is suggested that uniform laws can be formulated for the entire Muslim world, in the light of Islamic principles and contemporary practices of the Muslim world.
Keywords: child custody, Islamic law, fiqh, shariah, contemporary laws, divorce.
1. Introduction
Cases of child custody fall under muamlat in compendiums of Islamic Fiqh. Muamlat unlike Ibadat are subject to change with respect to time and place. The very purpose of this research is to note the changes and developments in child custody laws from classical to contemporary era. Islam lays down general principles as a directive for deciding child custody cases. It will be seen if these principles are still upheld by the contemporary courts and legislative authorities of the modern Muslim world.
It is pertinent to note here that in various Muslim dominated countries today, religion-state relation is different from the religion-state relation in the classical era of Islam. During the first century of Islam, wherever Sharia was implemented, Islam was the state religion. In the Muslim dominated countries today, three models of religionstate relations determine the legal status of Islam and its law. In the first model Islam is legally recognized as the State religion and the Sharia is generally given a special place in legislation and administration of justice. In the second model Islam is not formally recognized as the official religion but the private law applicable to Muslims is generally drawn from Sharia. In the last model there is no legally recognized religion and no religion based law including Sharia is applicable to any community.
The first model includes both Arab and non- Arab countries such as Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordon, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Bangladesh, Brunei, Iran, Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Somalia. Constitutional documents of these countries scattered from North and West Africa to South and South-East Asia declare Islam to be their State religion. Most of the Arab countries – including Egypt, Libya, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and even Syria proclaim the Shari'a to be the "principal source of legislation."
Outside the Arab world the leading Islamic countries which recognize Islam as their State religion are Malaysia, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
In the second model, where Islam is not formally recognized as the official religion, yet the State supervises religious affairs of the Muslims and the private law applicable to Muslims is generally drawn from the Sharia. Most prominent Muslim country that falls under this model is Indonesia. There is an official establishment for Islamic religious affairs in Indonesia. Islamic law mixed with the local customary law known as the adapt is applied by the State courts in all parts of Indonesia. Nigeria also falls under this model.
In the last model there is no legally recognized religion and the State cannot, or does not, have a role in the affairs of religion of any community including the Muslims; nor does religion based law, including Sharia is applicable to any community. Prominent Muslim-dominated countries practicing this model – which has no place for Islam or its law in its constitutional and legal systems are the Central Asian states of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, Albania and Azerbaijan.
This article focuses on the analytical study of child custody and guardianship laws in the Muslim-dominated countries when couples depart due to separation, dissolution of marriage, divorce or Khul'a. Cases of custody and guardianship of orphans and foster children and surrogate mothers are not covered by this article. The constitutional status of Sharia, customary practices, personal status laws and status of women in these countries have a resilient impact on the application and adjudication of law while deciding custody and guardianship cases.
Custody and Guardianship Defined
Before we proceed with the detailed study of the subject it is important to distinguish between the terms 'Custody' and 'Guardianship'. Though these terms are used interchangeably, both have different implications in law.
In Arabic language guardianship is termed as 'Wilayat' and custody as 'Hidhanat'.Custody means physical or material possession of the children, whereas its Arabic equivalent Hidhanat literally means 'training' or 'upbringing of the child'. The term guardianship means the constructive possession of the child which deals with care of his or her person as well as property and its Arabic equivalent 'Wilayat' literally means to 'protect' or to defend. Legally the term guardianship is defined in the Guardians and Wards Act 1 of Pakistan as 'A person having the care of person of minor or of his property or of both his person and property'. The terms custody and guardianship seems to have similar connotations, but it is often argued that guardianship is a superior right.
According to the principles of established Muslim jurisprudence, father is the natural guardian (Wali) of the person and property of the minor child 2 .Whereas custody (hidhanat) is a right of the child and not of either of the parents, or any other person claiming through them. The basic consideration always is to provide to the child the most natural, most considerate and most compassionate atmosphere to grow up as a better member of the society. Islam keeps the institution of family in high esteem and tries to preserve it. Rights and duties of the spouses have been prescribed in a manner to keep an ideal balance. While it is the man's job to earn livelihood and provide sustenance to the family, the wife's duty is to give birth to the children, to bring them up and to groom them. She is not required to work for her family or earn a living.
Law of hidhanat in Sharia has been framed keeping in view the roles of both parents. That is why mothers are given preference while deciding custody of the children born out of the wedlock during child's initial years (till 7 years). There is a consensus of all sunni schools of thought on this. Schools of fiqh differ in custody laws for boys and girls after 7 years of age. It has been observed in the recorded cases of classical Islamic era that the judges took into consideration the wishes and welfare of the minors while deciding their custody. It must be remembered here that wish of the ward is subject to the following two considerations:
- Welfare of the child
- Reasons of disqualifications of the mother and father to seek further custody.
According to Ibn Qayyam 3 , 'There are two types of guardianships. In one, father prevails over the mother and that is in matters of money and marriage. In the other one the mother prevails over the father and that is in matters of nourishing and upbringing' 4 .
1 Guardians and Wards Act 1890, section 4 (2)
3 Ibn Qayyam (1292-1350CE / 691 AH- 751 AH) was a Sunni Islamic jurist and commentator of Quran. His scholarship was focused on Hadith and fiqh.
2 PLD 1963 Lah.534
268 4 Ibn Qayyam, Zad al Ma'ad, translated by Syed Rais Ahmad Jaferi (Karachi: Nafeees Academy) Vol 4, p.289
Under Islamic law even if the mother has the physical custody of her children, father continues to be the guardian of the child as he is supposed to support the child financially. However it should be noted that under the prevailing social setup where the father is not the sole financial contributor and the mother shares financial responsibility and in most cases is the main contributor to the financial needs of the family then the privilege of 'guardianship of person and property' should vest in her as well.
Child Custody in Quran, Sunnah and Fiqh
An in depth study of Islamic law reveals that there is no verse in Quran on custody of minors but the classical Muslim jurists have referred to the verse of fosterage 5 (Ayat al Radha'at) which says that the mother should breast feed their infants for two complete years. Therefore through Iqtada al Nass it is inferred that in the years of infancy the right of upbringing and fostering the child remains with mother.
In the light of hadith literature available and the decisions of Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) on the cases brought before him on child custody, three principles have been laid down while deciding the custody of a child. Firstly, the mother possesses priority right of child custody so long as she does not remarry 6 . Secondly in a situation where both parents profess different religions, custody of the child should go to that parent who follows the religion of Islam 7 and lastly when the child has gone past the years of minority (7 years) he will be given an option to choose between both parents 8 .
An analysis of the opinions/ decisions of the Companions of the Prophet (pbuh) seem to be in complete harmony with the decisions of Prophet Mohammad (pbuh). Decisions of the companions of the Prophet show that priority right of the child custody in the years of infancy goes to the mother 9 . When the child reaches the age when he is in a position to decide right from wrong, his wish is taken into consideration 10 and mother has a superior right of custody as long as she does not remarry 11 . In addition when the child is in mother's custody, the father is responsible for his nafaqah. 12
Up till the era of companions we do not find much discrepancy on the principles laid down while deciding child custody between the decisions of Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) and those of the companions, neither do we find a decision in which child custody gets automatically transferred to the father when child attains certain age. The under lying principles while deciding the child custody cases remain that the child in his early years must not be deprived of the warmth, affection and full time attention that he needs in his growing years, which he/she can experience with his/her mother better than his/her father. Once a child reaches a mature age, three considerations have to be kept in mind, the religion of the parents, the choice of the child and welfare of the child.
A deviation from the above principles is observed during the time when fiqh was codified and we come across the rulings of the masters of five leading schools of thought. According to Abu Hanifa, custody transfers to the father when the boy reaches the age of 7 years and the girl when she attains puberty. 13 In Imam Malik's opinion, mother has the right to her son's custody till he is able to speak clearly and the daughter till her marriage.
5 Al-Quran 2:233
7 Al Bahaiqi, op. cit., vol 8, p.3 ; Sunan Abu Dawood (Karachi: Karkhana e Tijarat) vol 1, p. 305
6 , Al Bahaiqi, Sunan al Kubra, Dakkan, Vol8, p.4
8 Al- Bahaiqi op.,cit., vol 8, p.3
10 Narrated by Ibn e Abbas when Hazrat Umar divorced his wife Jamila they disputed on the custody of their son Asim and the dispute was brought before Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr decided in favor of the mother till the child reached such an age when he was in a position to decide right from wrong.
9 Zaid bin Ishaq bin Jariya narrated that once a child custody case was brought to Abu Bakr who decided in favor of the mother and then said I have heard from Holy Prophet (pbuh) that 'Do not separate the mother from her child.
11 Ibn Qayyam, Za'ad al Ma'ad, Translated by Syed Rrais Ahmad Jafri (Karachi:Nafees Academy) vol. 4, p.289. In another narration of the above mentioned case it is written that Abu Bakr told Umar that mother is more caring and gentle towards her children so she has a superior right of custody till she does not marry.
12 Al Bahaiqi, Sunan al Kubra (Beirut:Dar al Kotob Al- Ilmiyah) vol.8, p. 8
In the same case of dispute over Umar's son Asim, Umar was directed by Abu Bakr to pay nafaqa of Asim and he did not argue.
13 Ibn e Hammam, Fath al Qadeer, Egypt 1356H, Vol. 3, p.316; Al Kasani, Bidaya al Sina'a, Egypt 1328H,vol.4, p.42
According to Shafi'i and Imam Hanbal, mother has the right of custody or upbringing till 7 years of age for both son and daughter. After this age the option will be granted to the children to choose with whom they wish to live. 14
In Shi'a fiqh, mother has the right to keep her son in her custody till he is two years old and daughter till she is seven. After this, the right of custody is transferred to the father. 15
According to the principles of established Muslim Jurisprudence, father is considered to be the child's natural and legal guardian because upon him is the responsibility of nafaqa of his child. Mothers are the custodians till a particular age after which the custody either reverts to the father or the child is given option by the court to choose between both parents, though no such age limit is stated in the texts.
An interesting case has been recorded in Nail al Autar 16 which was brought before Ibn e Taiymiya 17 . In this case, child custody was contested by both parents. Court gave the option to the child for choosing the custodian. He opted for the custody of the father. On it the mother asked the court to inquire from the child why he has preferred the father. On court's inquiry the child said, mother compels me to go to the school where the teacher punishes me every day while the father allows me to play with the children and do whatever I like. On hearing this court gave the custody to the mother. 18 This clearly shows that wishes of the minor while deciding his or her custody has always been subject to the principle of welfare of the minor even in classical Muslim legal tradition. Classical scholars have added that when it is detrimental for the child to live with his or her mother due to her remarriage, profession or religion then the custody will transfer to the father. This further reinforces the principle of welfare of the child. In Nayl al Autar it is stated that, 'It is essential to look into the interest of the children before they are given the option to choose between the parents for their custody. If it becomes clear about any one of them that he or she would be more beneficial to the children from the point of view of their education and training then there is no need of qur'a or choice of the children.' 19
This view was upheld by Allama Ibn Qayyam also.
Another important aspect while deciding child custody is that, who is responsible for providing nafaqa of the child in case of dissolution of marriage or divorce? Classical Muslim Scholars agree that subsistence of the child is incumbent upon the father even when he is in mother's custody. Under Islamic law it is not the responsibility of the mother to provide sustenance and protection of progeny.
Al Murghanani further adds that if mother refuses to keep the child then there is no constraint upon her as a variety of causes may operate to render her incapable of charge. 20
Islamic law lays down that as a general rule in initial years child should remain with the mother and a thorough study of Islamic legal literature shows that even if the child custody is contested by the father in the initial years when the child is unable to make a sound judgment, custody has been granted to the mother in majority of the cases. When the child reaches the age whereby he can tell right from wrong, his wish is taken into consideration by the courts which is subject to the welfare of the child.
Child Custody Laws in Pakistan
Council of Islamic Ideology assists the state in carrying out its mandate as stated in the constitution of Pakistan. The constitution of Pakistan states that 'all existing laws shall be brought in conformity with the injunctions of Islam as laid down in Holy Quran and Sunnah. There are Sharia courts, including an apex body called the Federal Sharia Court, to adjudicate on Islamic matters and enforce the Sharia law.
Eight years after the birth of Pakistan on August 4, 1956 the government of Pakistan announced the formation of a Commission on Marriage and Family Laws. The question of custody of the child was raised in the questioner drafted by the Marriage and Family Laws Commission.
14 Ibn Qaddama, Al Mughni, Egypt: 1367, vol. 7, p. 614-16 (Hanbali scholar, 541-573 AH)
16 Hadith Book, by Imam Mohammad ibn Ali Shaukani
15 Najm ud din Jafar, Shara'i al Islam, Tehran, vol. 2, p. 1-2
17 Taqi ad din Ahmad ibn Taymiyya (1263-1328 CE), born in Harran what is Turkey today near Syrian border, was a Hanbali theologian of 7 th century AH.
19 Ibid.
18 Imam Shaukani, Nayl al Autar, Syria:Dar al Fikr, vol. 7, p.142
20 Hedaya, p. 138
The question was that, 'At present the mother is entitled to the custody of her minor child only up to certain age i.e. the male child up to seven years and female child till she attains puberty. These limits have no authority either in Quran or Hadith but have been fixed as a result of opinions of some Muslim Jurists. Do you consider it admissible to propose some modifications?'
In answer to this question Commission stated in its report that; 'In the opinion of the Commission it is admissible to propose changes in matter of custody of minor children as the Quran and Sunnah have not fixed any age limit and some of great Mujtahid Imams have expressed the view that the matters of age limit in this respect is an open question.' 21
Maulana Amin Ahsan Islahi (1904-1997) 22 commenting on the reply of the Commission said that, 'It is correct that there is no explicit implication of Quran and Sunnah which prescribe the age limit. But it does not mean that legists have fixed the limit just out of fancy and had no sound reasons for these deductions…… a careful study of the verdicts of Holy Prophet (pbuh) in the cases that were brought before him reveals that a very basic consideration has been the welfare and wellbeing, education and training, protection and interests of the minor. If they could be achieved well when the children are under the custody of the mother, this was done and when the case was otherwise they were given under the custody of the father……'
Five years later in March 1961 many of the recommendations of the Commission on Marriage and Family Laws were embodied in Muslim Family Laws Ordinance of 1961 but it remained silent on the issue of custody of minors. All Pakistan Women's Association (APWA) continued to agitate and finally proposed a reform on child custody as an amendment to the MFLO 1961. It proposed that, 'Family Laws Ordinance is silent on the issue of custody of minors. The law should provide that whilst deciding about the custody of the children of broken homes the court should keep in view not only the welfare of the minors but also wishes of such children.'
Maulana Maududi (1903-1979) 23 an eminent Pakistani religious scholar states;
'The right thing in this regard is that the interest of the child should be kept above everything else. In every particular case preference should be given either to the father or mother after giving full consideration to the prospects of education and training in their respective custodies.…… also under whom so ever's custody they might be no restrictions should be placed on children meeting the other party.' 24
Justice Tanzil ur Rehman 25 states;
In granting the right of upbringing, the child's security and betterment should be kept in mind, and as long as there is no ma'ani (hindrance/hurdle) the mother's custody will be preferred. In certain situations, child has to be given the option to choose between the two. Sometimes such circumstances may arise in which it would be appropriate to give the child to maternal grandmother or maternal uncle even in the presence of the parents. If it is not appropriate to hand over the child to the mother due to her religion or profession then the court will decide by itself to whom the custody may be granted.' 26
A general view which prevails in Pakistani society is that in cases of marital breakup, divorce or dissolution of marriage child custody is given to father when the child is seven years of age (as stated in Hanafi fiqh) and that this is supported by Islamic law as well as Pakistani law. In reality Muslim Family Laws Ordinance of 1961 of Pakistan is silent on the issue of child custody therefore there is a need to see the trend of courts in Pakistan while deciding child custody cases.
21 Marriage Commission Report X-Rayed by Prof. Khurshid Ahmad (Karachi:Chiragh e Rah Publications 1959) p. 218
23 Founder of Jamaat e Islami, Pakistani journalist, theologian Muslim revivalist and a controversial 20 th century Islamic thinker.
22 Pakistani Muslim scholar famous for his Quranic commentary 'Tadabbur i Qura'n', also served as a member of Muslim Marriage and Family Law Commission set up by Government of Pakistan in 1956. He was one of the founder members of Jamaat e Islami but abandoned the party in 1958.
24 Marriage Commission Report, op., cit., p. 887
26 Tanzil ur Rehman, (1991) Majmua Qawaneen e Islmi, Islamabad: IRI, vol. 2, p. 886-887
25 Justice (R) Dr Tanzil ur Rehman, Prominent Pakistani Jurist and scholar of Islamic Studies, former Chief Justice, Fedral Shariat court, Member CII and author of many books.
Trends of Courts in Pakistan
Cassandra Balchin 27 after a careful study of the trends of courts in Pakistan with respect to family laws states that, 'Studies of Pakistani case law shows that courts have preferred a case by case consideration of the fact rather than rigidly applying the principles of established Muslim Jurisprudence. 28 In one of the cases a minor having attained age of 17 years had been living with his mother since his birth. Minor who was present in court stated that he was a student of a college and was being well looked after by his mother. Keeping in view age of the minor his desire could not be ignored. Order of the court below dismissing father's application of custody of minor and mother's custody being valid and proper was affirmed in these circumstances. 29
Welfare of the minors is the guiding factor in the matter of deciding the custody and personal law is subordinate to such consideration. Father although a natural guardian yet his right was also subordinate to the welfare of the minor. Overriding, fundamental and paramount consideration is always the welfare of minors, rather is the sole criteria which must prevail. 30
Cassandra Balchin adds that an analysis of reported case law of Pakistan, in the area of custody and guardianship reveals that there are four basic influencing factors.
1. Firstly like all other individuals and institutions, the judiciary cannot remain above societal norms and political pressures.
2. Secondly a combination of Muslim personal law and a variety of statutory law is applied by courts in adjudicating such cases.
3. Third factor is the colonial impact in statutory laws as well as in molding the general trends of the courts in pre- partitioned India.
4. Fourthly the Roman concept of Justice, Equity and good conscience as it was introduced by the then Indian judiciary.
Balchin has made no reference to the religious norms, Prophetic traditions and custody cases decided by the companions of the Prophet and those decided by the Muslim jurists of 4 th and 5 th centuries, nor has she made any reference to the impact of these precedents on the trends of Pakistani courts today. Influencing factors on the trends of Pakistani courts according to Balchin are the societal norms, political pressures, personal laws, colonial impact and Roman concept of justice, equity and good conscience.
Cassandra Balchin further states that, 'Courts in Pakistan have succeeded in making inroads into established Muslim Jurisprudence and have at times over ridden express provisions of law.' We have seen above that the broad principle of 'the welfare of the minor is of paramount consideration' was upheld by classical Muslim jurists and courts in Pakistan today have reverted towards this principle. Not only this, a careful study of the verdicts of Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) in cases brought before him reveal that the very basic consideration has been the welfare and wellbeing, education and training and protection and interest of the children.
Child Custody Laws in the Muslim World
Let us deliberate and compare child custody laws in the rest of the Muslim world. Below is a survey of child custody laws in the three regions with Muslim majority population Middle East, Africa and Asia.
Middle East
Middle East lies at the junction of Africa, Asia and Europe having the world's oldest civilization. Being a Muslim majority region, Islamic values permeate every aspect of the people of Middle Eastern countries.
In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia classic Hanbali fiqh is applied in cases of personal status.
27 Cassandra Balchin, formerly a journalist based in Pakistan, has been linked with the network 'Women Living Under Muslim Laws' since the early 1990s. Her research and writing has focused on Muslim family laws and law-reform processes, and more recently on critiques of international development policy and practice regarding religion.
29 1994 MLD 1950
28 Cassandra Balchin, A Handbook on Family Laws in Pakistan (Lahore:Shirkatgah, 1994) p.164
30 PLD 1994 SC(AJK) 1
In case of divorce, Saudi boys remain with their mothers until the age of seven or nine and girls until the time of marriage (unless the mother remarries in which case she forfeits custody of her children). Usually divorced Saudi women will bring her children with her to her father's house. 31
Ja'fari school is the predominant madhab in Iran. Under a 1933 law relating to the rights of non-Shi'i Iranians, courts apply the personal status laws applicable to the litigants. Iran's Islamic Republic first gave guardianship of girls over the age of seven and boys over the age of two to fathers and in case of their death to their male kin. During Iran – Iraq war however war widows were granted the right to raise their children and keep their husband's salary, pension or other living expenses without the interference of their male kin. Subsequently other women gained the same rights. 32
Hanafi fiqh is the predominant madhab in Syria. If a divorced Syrian woman has a home and she does not marry she will be allowed to retain her boys till the age of nine and girls till the age of eleven. Trends of the courts show that Qadhi may extend the mother's custody over girls until marriage or over boys and girls until they attain rushd, if the court finds that father is not to be trusted with the children. 33
Under Iraqi law where the predominant schools are the Ja'fari and Hanafi fiqh, a divorcee is entitled to custody of boys and girls until the age of ten, extendable to 15 years if it appears to be in the minor's best interest. Upon attaining 15 years, the ward may choose which parent to live with, or choose to live with any other relative if such a choice appears reasonable to the court. 34
Maliki school is the official madhab in Kuwait. The divorced mother's right to custody ceases at puberty for boys and at the age of marriage for daughters 35
Hanafi madhab being dominant school in Jordanian law, a divorced mother is entitled to custody of her children until they reach puberty subject to classical conditions. 36
Child custody laws in Saudi Arabia, Iran, Syria, Iraq, Kuwait and Jordon show that no matter which school of Fiqh is pre dominant, no fixed age of custody is uniformly followed in these countries and majority of the laws and trends of courts show that courts have the power to extend child custody to mothers beyond the age stated in texts, depending upon the circumstances of the case. This clearly shows that courts are not blind to justice and Islamic fiqh provides for many other considerations to be looked into while deciding child custody. Muslim jurists have stated an age till which child must remain with the mother but it does not imply that the mother cannot retain her children beyond that age. The courts do not rigidly apply laws of any specific school of thought but also takes into consideration sources of other schools of thought and customary practices of that region. In Syria, Sheikh al Tantawi has drafted a comprehensive treatise on personal law based on takhayyur according to principles most suitable to changing social conditions. In UAE, personal status law remains uncodified but constitution declares Islamic Sharia to be principle source of legislation. Judgment no. 8/97: in 1997 Dubai court of cassation ruled that a divorced mother who had remarried retained custody rights over children due to a written agreement between the parents whereby father agreed not to claim custody even if his former wife remarried. Similarly in Kuwait although Maliki school is the official madhab divorced mother has a right to son's custody till puberty and daughters till marriage. Hanafi madhab is the dominant school in Jordanian law. Jordanian Law of Personal Status (JLPS) refers to classical Hanafi rules in the absence of specific reference in the text but the law also provides that divorced mother can retain child custody till puberty, subject to classical conditions.
Africa
For the purpose of systematic study, continent of Africa is divided into five regions, North Africa, Horn of Africa, East Africa, West Africa and South Africa. Islam reached North Africa as early as 658 CE when Arab conquerors established Egypt's first Muslim seat of government at Fustat, just south of modern Cairo. Arab traders began pushing south from Egypt into northern Sudan in the seventh century.
31 Altorki, S. (1986) Women in Saudi Arabia: Ideology and Behavior among the Elite, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 81
32 Poya, M. (1999) Women, Work and Islamism, London: Zed Books, p.101
34 Ibid., p. 114
33 Abdullahi A Al Na'im (2002) Islamic Family Law in a Changing World, London: Zed Books Ltd, p. 140
35 Ibid., p. 125
36 Ibid., p.121
It reached the rest of Horn of Africa from across the red sea and towards west from Egypt in eighth century CE. 37 Islam was an integral part of East African coastal culture by as early as 1000CE through contact with religious teachers, merchants and slave traders. 38 West Africa became home for Muslims in late tenth and early eleventh century when traders from North Africa and Middle East settled in this area. Most of the people who live in southern Africa do not follow Islam. With this demography/ history of the region, Muslim culture and Islamic law have deep roots in the continent of Africa.
In North Africa, Egypt is the regional giant and home of oldest Muslim civilization in the continent of Africa. Its legal system is based on Islamic law and civil law (particularly French Codes). Hanafi school is the predominant school of fiqh. In Egypt, a divorced mother is entitled to the custody of boys until the age of ten and girls until the age of twelve. Custody may be extended till the age of fifteen for boys and till marriage for girls if the judge deems such an extension to be in the best interest of the ward 39 .
In Algeria, Maliki School is the pre dominant madhab with an Ibadi minority. Divorced wife is granted custody of children till 16 years for boys and 18 years for girls, so long as the mother does not remarry or marries someone within the prohibited degree to her daughter, with the proviso that courts can terminate custody in the best interest of the ward. Guardianship rests with the father. 40
Maliki School is the dominant madhab in Libya and Morocco. In both these countries, the divorced mother's custody ends at the age of marriage for girls and puberty for boys. 41 Maliki madhab is predominant school of fiqh in Tunisia also, Islam is the state religion but Sharia courts were abolished in 1956. Custody laws are progressive in Tunisia. If the marriage ends in a divorce, the judge is required to take interest of the ward into account in assigning custody either to one of the parents or to a third party. If mother is awarded custody, she is authorized to exercise the prerogatives of guardian in matters related to the ward's travel, education and financial affairs: she may be granted full powers of guardianship if the guardian is unable or unfit to exercise them. 42
Thus as a general principle, mother possesses a preferential right to child custody till the puberty of male child and marriage of the female child. Laws of Tunisia seem progressive in this regard and the courts also vest the right of guardianship to the mother if it feels that father or any other guardian is not suitable to exercise them. Nearly all Muslims in the Horn of Africa are Sunni but they belong to hundreds of different ethnic groups and speak many different languages. As they adopted Islam they did not shed their attachment to the traditions and beliefs of their earlier religions. 43 Among the Somali, husband is considered to hold all rights over children born within the marriage. It is his decision as to with whom the children would reside. Usually young children remain with the ex-wife until they are old enough to go to their father's house, while older children remain with father immediately upon divorce. In Sudan, the male children remain with their mother until the age of seven while female children remain until approximately the age of nine. 44
Majority of Muslims are Shafi' in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, wards are to remain with their mother till the age of five in the absence of any 'serious reason'. Civil Code provides that child custody and maintenance arrangements are to be made only with consideration for the interests of the ward. However in Somalia, mother is entitled to custody of male children until the age of ten and female children until the age of fifteen, with the court empowered to extend custody until 18 years for male or female ward. Maintenance of children is the duty of both parents until the age of majority for sons and until marriage or until she is able to support herself through gainful employment for the daughter.
In Sudan, Maliki school was the pre dominant madhab but the dominant school now is Hanafi due to Egyptian and Ottoman influence. In Sudan, a divorced mother is entitled to custody of her male children till they are seven and female children till they are nine.
37 Martin, B. G. (1986) 'The Spread of Islam', in P. M. Martin and P.O'Meara(eds), Africa, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp.87-88
38 Ibid., p.87-102
40 Ibid., p. 177
39 Abdullah al naimi 2002, op., cit., p. 172
41 Ibid., p. 180
43 Abbink, J.(1999) 'Ethopian Islam and the Challenge of Diversity' , ISIM Newsletter,4, December, p.24.
42 Ibid., p.183
44 Abdullahi A An Naimi, op., cit., p.74.
Court may extend these periods if proven to be in the interests of the wards until sons reach puberty and daughters consummate marriage. The father or other male guardian is to maintain scrutiny of all matters related to the raising of the children in the custody of their mother. The custody of a woman of different religion from the father ends when the child is five or earlier if there is a fear of faith being affected. Child support is the responsibility of the father until the daughter is married and son is of an age when he is able to earn his own living. 45
In Somalia and Sudan although an age has been fixed till which custody must remain with the mother but courts are empowered to extend custody till age of puberty. Since child support is the responsibility of the father therefore he has the guardianship rights in all matters related to the upbringing of the child while in mother's custody.
Legal codes within East Africa vary, although all give some form of recognition to Islam. These legal recognitions date back to the colonial era, such as the British government and Sultan of Zanzibar reached an agreement to recognize and preserve the Islamic way of life. 46 Zanzibar still maintains separate judicial administration for Muslims.
In Kenya, British implemented the familiar triple court system: common law, customary and Shari'a courts. Tanzania has a dual legal system consisting of statutory laws and religious and customary laws. In Uganda, father has custody rights for any child no longer breast feeding. 47 When women do retain custody, Ugandan civil law entitles women to 2000 shillings per month per child in maintenance but women are rarely able to collect this fee. 48
Kenya has a very diverse Muslim population due to Arab and south Asian settlements. Dominant madhab is the Shafi'i school of fiqh with sizable Hanafi communities. Islamic law is applied by Qadhis' courts where all the parties profess the religion Islam in suits relating to personal status. In Kenya at the age of 7 for boys and 14 for girls, custody reverts to the father. The statutory legislation directs that courts must adjudicate with interests of the ward as primary consideration and an increasing number of women are applying to regular court system where custody over boys and girls under 16 is generally awarded to the mothers 49 .
Majority Tanzanian Muslims are Shafi'i, Tanzanian courts consider welfare of the minor to be of paramount importance while deciding cases of child custody. There is a rebuttable presumption that children should remain with the mother till the age of seven. Courts also take into consideration three factors while deciding the custody cases;
The economic circumstances of both parents,
2. The housing that both parents can provide.
3. The behavior of the mother whether she is considered to have contributed to the marital breakdown. 50
In South African countries of Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique and Lesotho, mothers are the preferred guardians and children are included in mother's lineages. Fathers have little authority and decision making power concerning their children; instead the eldest maternal uncle is the primary authority in a child's life. 51 South Africa's courts have authority to grant custody to either the mother or the father in the best interest of the child. 52 Most of West African countries maintain legal systems that are to some degree conflations of customary, colonial and Islamic law. The degree to which one type of law predominates differs not only between countries but also among regions and ethnic groups. Africa's two largest Muslim ethnic groups, the Hausa and Fulani are located in this region. Almost all of the region's Muslims are Sunni who follow the Maliki school of Jurisprudence.
45 Ibid., p.85.
47 Tamale,S. and J. Okumu-Wengi (1995), 'The legal status of women in Uganda', in J.W. Kabeberi-Macharia (ed.), Women Laws, Costoms and Practices in East Africa: Lying the Foundation, Nairobi: Women and Law in East Africa, pp.24-45 48 8
46 Oded, A.(2000) Islam and Politics in Kenya, Boulder,CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Fiedler, A. A. (1998) 'Women-Uganda: Uganda debates marital rights… and wrongs', Interpress News Service, December.
50 Ibid., p. 60
49 Abdullahi A. An Naimi, op., cit., p. 56
51 Mvula, P. M and P. Kakhongwa (1997), Beyond Inequalities: Women in Malawi, Harare: Southern African Research and Documentation Centre.
52 Abdullah A. An Naimi, op., cit., p.196
According to Hausa custom with regard to child custody, Hausa children remain with their mother only until the age of seven. 53
Asia
In Caucasus and the Central Asian region, majority Muslims are Sunni Hanafi. The Republic of Georgia pays women a family allowance for each child under 16 and maternal custody of children is codified, recognized and funded by the state.
In Turkey, Sharia law was formally abolished in 1926. In case of divorce, women are generally awarded custody both by custom and when courts decide. 54
In the South Asian region, predominant madhab in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka is Hanafi fiqh. In Maldives, Maliki school predominated till the 16 th century but now it follows Shafi'i madhab and there is a Ja'fari minority as well. In Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, custody is governed by the Guardians and Wards Act 1890. The Act stipulates that the courts are to be guided by the personal law to which the minor is subject. Courts are also directed to consider the age, gender and religion of the minor and the character and capacity of the proposed guardians, as well as the minor's own opinion if he is old enough to form an intelligent preference. For Muslims as a general rule, classical Hanfi position is taken with respect to custody of children that is male up to seven years and female till puberty.
In Sri Lanka, there is very limited legislation relating to Muslim personal status laws. The legislation that does apply is largely of an administrative nature and does not alter or reinterpret many of the substantive classical provisions of Islamic law.
In Maldives, children less than seven years of age live primarily with their mothers. In case of mother's remarriage, custody may be offered to maternal grandmother, paternal grandmother or father. Children over the age of seven can choose in whose custody they wish to live.
In Southeast Asia, mother child relationship is given priority, often at the expense of father's religious and legal rights. Children always remain close to their mothers and in the event of divorce, children usually remain with their mothers. In matrilineal communities, marriage does not establish a man's right over his children. Fathers are generally seen as peripheral which shows a clear distinction between actual practice and injunctions of Islamic law. Almost all countries of the region of Southeast Asia are predominantly sunni shafi'i Muslims.
In Indonesia, in child custody disputes, courts shall render its judgment. The father shall have responsibility for maintenance expenses, unless he is unable to bear such responsibility in which case court shall order the mother to share such expenses.
In Malaysia, divorced mother is entitled to custody over boys until seven and girls until nine years subject to classical conditions. Courts may extend custody to nine and eleven years respectively upon hadinah's (mother's) application. After the expiry of Hadinah's (mother) custody, father becomes the custodian with a proviso that wards having reached the age of discernment may choose with which parent to live, unless the court directs otherwise.
In Philippines, the divorced mother has the right to custody over sons and daughters until seven years after which age the ward may choose to live with either parent. The custody of an unmarried female ward who has reached puberty reverts to the father and the son resides with the mother.
In Singapore, custody is governed by Guardians of Infants Act 1961. The courts are directed to consider the religious and customary practices of the community to which the parties belong, but the best interest of the ward is of paramount consideration. The regular court system has jurisdiction over all custody cases. 55
Conclusion
After a deliberate study of child custody in customary laws, laws of personal status and trends of courts spanned over the classical Muslim era till today's Muslim World. It is established that the custody of male or female children does not automatically transfer to the father after seven years.
53 Ibid., p.288
55 Abdullah A. An Naimi, op., cit., pp. 256-279
54 Arin, C.(1997), 'The legal status of Women in Turkey', Women's International Network News, 23:62.
The view that the father has a preferential right to boys custody after seven years of age is only upheld by Abu Hanifa. Other leading jurists disagree with this view and give the boy the option to choose between both parents when he is seven years old and the Qadhi / courts must see the welfare of the minor while deciding custody cases. In case of girls, mother has a preferential right of custody till her marriage and this is upheld by all sunni schools of thought. The stance of various shi'i or sunni schools of fiqh on fixing an age till which mother can have custody rights does not imply that custody must automatically transfer to the father after this age and that mothers cannot retain their children beyond the stated age. Rather it asserts that in the absence of any impediment to mother's right of child custody such as her remarriage, religion or profession, her right to child custody must not be contested by the father in the initial years. This age is roughly from birth till seven years.
In the second phase of the child's life that is from seven years till puberty, when he is able to look after himself/ herself and is able to speak and express himself, fathers can now contest child custody and it is the responsibility of the courts to take into consideration the wishes of the ward and must decide keeping in view the best interests of the ward. Also wishes of the minor must remain subject to the welfare of the minor.
Another important point is that the courts have recognized the need for minors to have access to both parents. So fathers are granted regular access to their children when in mother's custody and an intimate mellowing influence of the mother is made available to the minor when he is in father's custody by virtue of their visitation rights. In contemporary Muslim world we find that fixation of age is rigidly applied where society is patriarchal where people have not shed their attachments to beliefs and traditions of earlier religions, such as horn of Africa and people belonging to Hausa and Fulani ethnic groups in West Africa. In contrast to this in Southeast Asia in the event of divorce, children usually remain with their mothers. Fathers are generally seen as peripheral which shows a clear distinction between actual practice and injunctions of Islamic law.
In Kuwait, Jordan, Libya, Morocco and Algeria divorced women are entitled to her children's custody till puberty without fixing any age at which custody reverts to father. Tunisian laws are very progressive in this regard. If mother is awarded custody in Tunisia, she is authorized to exercise the prerogatives of guardianship as well. Completely different pattern is observed in South African countries of Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique and Lesotho, mothers are the preferred guardians and children are included in mother's lineages. Fathers have little authority and decision making power concerning their children; instead the eldest maternal uncle is the primary authority in a child's life.
Uniform law can be drafted for deciding custody cases for Muslim dominated regions which cater for the progressive laws of the modern world and spirit of Sharia. It is suggested that when custody of children is granted to the divorced women, she should also be vested with guardian ship rights with respect to travel, education and financial matters of the child. The primary objective while deciding custody should be preservation of religion and welfare of the minor. Visitation rights of both parents should be respected and child be allowed access to both parents. It should be a rebuttable presumption that mother should retain child custody till the child is in his growing years and is attending pre-school. This age is normally 6 years. Mother's remarriage and religion should be taken into consideration after this age and fathers should not contest custody in these delicate years of child's life.
References
Ibn Rushd, Bidayat -al-Mujtahid, (trans. Eng.) Imran Ahsan Khan Nayazee UK: Garnet Publishing Ltd. 1996. Ibn e Qayyam, Hafiz, Zad al-Ma'ad (trans. Eng.) Syed Rais Ahmed Jafari, Karachi: Nafees Academy. Nd.
Tanzeel Al Rehman, Justice,
Majmua-e Quawaneen-e-Islam
. Islamabad:lRI. 1998.
Islamic Family Law in a Changing World: A Global Resource Book, ed. Abdullah A. An-Na'im, London: Zed Books Ltd.2002.
Altorki, S. Women in Saudi Arabia: Ideology and Behavior among the Elite, New York: Columbia University Press. 1986.
Poya, M. Women, Work and Islamism, London: Zed Books. 1999 | <urn:uuid:85b84815-2a5b-4b93-b07e-8f11a4913a01> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 49,251 |
Introducing complexity into project management through multi-stakeholders interactions
Le Goff, M Assistant Professor
Télécom Bretagne
Brest, France
E-mail: email@example.com
Arzel, M. Beugnard, A. Coupez,J.P.
Gallée,F. Lassudrie,C. Morvan,M.
Télécom Bretagne Brest, France
Naël, R
Professor Lycée Vauban Brest, France
Baux, D
Advisor in Corporate Communication 1 rue du Chanoine Moreau Quimper, France
Conference Topic: Active learning
INTRODUCTION
Telecom Bretagne is a French graduate engineering school in Information and Communication Technology. One of our ambitions is to train competitive managers able to cope with complex projects. We have therefore introduced a project based learning technique where students are in a practical situation close to their future life as engineer [1]. In this paper, we describe the organisation and focus on the interactions among many stakeholders.
At the end of their last year of training, students have to perform a technical and economic study with a large degree of autonomy in their team organisation. Many stakeholders are involved in the project: Customer, Steering Committee, Technical Experts and Communications Coach. The students must discover by themselves the specific role of each stakeholder and must adjust the communication level suitable for each interlocutor. This project organisation with many stakeholders and large students' groups brings opportunities to illustrate complex situations.
In terms of the research process, we used quantitative and qualitative methods to analyse the students' progress in stakeholders' interactions. The main hypothesis is that a real project leads to a better involvement with understanding of project management and interactions' process and improves the students' skills in this area. Qualitatively, we collected the stakeholders' feelings through interviews (Customer, Steering Committee) and reports on their personal experience in the project.
Vinouze,B.
Quantitatively, we constructed a self assessment questionnaire for students to position their skill level in project management. Questions are based on the acquired knowledge in project management for their past and current studies. Questions concerned technical aspects (communication, risk management and delays, for example) and human behaviour aspects (adaptation to change, ability to chair a meeting, stress management, conflict management ...).
In the first chapter, we describe the key items which are the foundations of this course. In chapter 2, we analyse the interactions between the different stakeholders and highlight their evolutions according to the progress of the project. In chapter 3, we quantitatively and qualitatively analyse the students' skills evolution thanks to the course. In the conclusion, we summarise the main elements of this course and propose some perspective to improve the students' feedback analysis.
1. COURSE UNIT DESCRIPTION
The course unit aims to train students in projects with complexity. From [2], "Complexity is also a new way of seeing the world. To get over the feeling of confusion and enable for them to see in the complexity not only a source of complexity but an opportunity for progress, the managers must renew their traditional way of addressing the problems and find the means for thinking their actions with and not against the complexity". So we introduce a project management through a case study where students attempt to fulfil the real need of a real Customer [3]. The course addresses the following items of the CDIO syllabus: 2.4 (Attitudes, thought and learning), 3.1 (Teamwork), 3.2 (Communication) as well as 4.3 (Design and management of system engineering) [4]. The unit is coordinated by a Steering Committee (SC) composed of teachers in various specialties (economics; physics, computer science, etc.) "tutoring of interdisciplinary projects changes the role of the teacher from the traditional lecturer towards a coach or a trainer" [5]. The role of the Steering Committee (SC) is to ensure that students use an efficient process to advance their project properly. SC also coordinates the whole stakeholders' team and periodically meets the student groups. Furthermore, the SC may modify the project scenario depending on pedagogical requirements and circumstances.
The Customer's request deals with a technical and economic study outside the students traditional technical skills in telecommunication / networking / IT. As an example, the subject can be related to electricity production on the campus based on renewable energy in response to the requirements of the school's director. In addition to purely technical problems, the project also includes economic and sustainable development dimensions. These various skills will be acquired along the project duration thanks to Experts in engineering, project management, communication, economics or sustainable development.
The class is split into two large groups (named A and B) of about 17 students which will both prepare separate responses to the same customer's demand. Each group plays the role of a company. It is worth noting that the SC does not put the groups in competition, even if this may occur spontaneously. At the beginning of project, the groups have to organize themselves very quickly due to group size, nature and wide scope project. For this purpose, students are encouraged to get help and advice from the Communication Coach (CC) and the SC. On one side, the CC helps the groups separately by discussions within the team, negotiation and dispute resolution techniques. We emphasis the communication in this course because it is a key point of success: "55 percent of project managers agree that effective communications to all stakeholders is the most critical success factor in project management" [6]. On the other side, the SC is mainly focused on questioning the group internal organization and operating mode. In order to observe the interactions among students and their evolution, one Methodological Tutor (MT) per group attends the scheduled periods of work. Moreover, the SC has almost weekly meetings with the project leaders. These observations help to analyse the difficulties encountered and to compare the target organizations with real ones.
After the first meeting with the Customer where students discover the project, both groups have to deliver an initial quotation for the study as well as a technical specification document. The groups and the Customer have to agree on these deliverables and hence the first milestone is the "contract" signature. Then, the actual study can start under the SC's supervision concerning the methodology. The SC demands weekly dashboard reports as well as updated management charts. During the project, the SC may introduce hazards such as changes in the customer's request, audit and human resources modifications. On their side, students can rely at any moment on the above mentioned Experts. Furthermore, a junior and a senior Expert Managers (EM) testify on their own project management experiences. A second milestone is positioned at the middle of the project in the form of
a progress meeting with the Customer. This meeting may lead to modifications. Finally, the last milestone is the defence by each group of their proposed technical and economic solution and the project management methodology in front of Customer, Experts and SC. The final project deliverable corresponds to both technical and methodological reports.
2. INTERACTION DYNAMIC BETWEEN STAKEHOLDERS
In this part, we focus on interactions and their evolutions during the project.
2.1 Interactions in the project initial phase
In the initial phase, students have to organize themselves and to provide first deliverables. This requires many interactions with different stakeholders. These interactions are managed in different manners, depending on the students' experience and autonomy.
A first level of interaction is directly created by students at the beginning of the project with the Steering Committee (SC) and the Customer (black lines in Figure 1).
Fig. 1. Initial interactions (initial point of view by the students and stimulated interactions)
Customer
Expert Managers
Steering Committee
Students
Communication
Coach
Technical Experts
External contacts
Interactions created
in the initial phase
Interactions stimulated
in the initial phase
Non-stimulated
interactions
The students–SC interaction is initiated by the SC with the definition of the expected deliverables (project management plan, dashboard). This is followed by an immediate students' reaction. They have to define their internal organization in complete autonomy by choosing a project manager, people in charge of external communication with the customer and the SC and the work-package leaders. As the project starts, the students-SC interaction is very similar to a conventional studentteacher relationship. The teachers require some reports or actions and the students obey. Every week, the SC meets for half an hour several members of each team (generally the project manager and 3 to 5 students including work-package leaders or tasks managers). Students have to present a dashboard report, difficulties encountered and planned actions. No technique is discussed there.
The students-Customer interaction is initiated by the Customer with an invitation for proposals and the definition of the deliverables (quotation, specifications, milestones and final report). The Customer's wish was to bring strong credibility and reality to his request, including the status of the expected study, the budget and its representation by the entire executive committee of the school. This interaction is active from start as it requires immediate work on deliverables. Even if the students have already encountered such situations in school and also at work since they follow an apprenticeship based curriculum, the Customer felt that students had difficulties in understanding his requirements and expectations. This is rather usual to see students not familiar with hazy boundaries project.
There is a second level of interaction (dark-grey lines on Figure 1) which concerns all the interactions that have to be fully managed by the students. The productivity of the interactions depends only on the students' involvement. However, stimulation is required to make these interactions active as soon as possible so that the project speeds up early. Different lectures are proposed to both stimulate these interactions and give initial technical background information. First, the students meet a Communications Coach (CC) who presents the fundamentals of teamwork and conflict management. This helps students to organize their teams by defining the team structure, the roles, the internal and
external communications (contacts with the SC and the Customer). These lectures also allow the CC to be introduced as a possible counsellor who may help the students to solve organizational problems and/or internal/external conflicts. This interaction is of prime interest for the life of this complex project, where stress, conflicts and organisation issues cannot be avoided and are often beyond the students' initial skills. Second, the students attend a debate with junior and senior Expert Managers (EMs) who share their professional experience. These EMs describe real situations and explain how they personally discovered and solved management issues. They explain how they benefited from their experience to improve their skills. Since the students have repeated training periods in companies, they are integrated into team works and thus motivated to share their own experiences (lived or observed) and to actively debate with the EM. Finally, students attend conferences with Technical Experts who give lectures on the technical background related to the technical proposal. These lectures are also used to initiate the interactions and promote continuous exchanges between student teams and Experts all along the project. These experts are of prime importance because the field of the project is outside the students skills.
Some interactions are never stimulated and never supervised by the SC (light-grey lines in Fig 1). In order to deepen and broaden their technical knowledge, students create interactions with external contacts which were not originally defined. Students are free to prospect by themselves and have full freedom to manage these interactions. For instance, over the last few years, they have contacted regulation authorities, equipment providers and consulting companies.
2.2 Factors impacting the evolution of interactions and organization
During the project, we observed several evolutions both in the interactions between each group and its environment but also in the internal structure and management of each group. Several factors influenced or directly caused these changes: (1) the SC through weekly meetings with each group; (2) the Customer who requests more details before the formal agreement (signature); (3) an audit which was conducted by a virtual consulting company composed of SC members named "Auditas" and (4) the support provided by the CC.
In this part, we analyse the difficulties experienced by each group when interacting with the different stakeholders, and the role of the SC, the CC and the audit in helping the students to overcome these difficulties.
Intervention of the Communication Coach: the CC was informed of the groups' difficulties by the SC and the Methodological Tutors which allowed him to act as a real coach and to play a central role in the course. Different dysfunctions and difficulties were analysed and treated during the project. At the beginning of the project, the students tended to confuse the respective roles of the SC and the Customer. The SC role was discussed with students because they perceived it at first as a "spoilsport" and not as a methodological guide.
Written interactions between student groups and the Customer or the SC were sometimes too abrupt, and the students' mails were the subject of different clarifications dealing with the impact of poorly prepared communication, necessary distance with the recipients (difference between informal communications with friends and official communication with a Customer) or various aspects of positive communication. The CC participated in several separate meetings with the group A project manager to help him to strengthen his role towards his group, to improve the team motivation, the group structure or his own communication. This mirror effect, free from any evaluation or judgment helped this project manager to putt things into perspective and become more objective and lucid. Internal tensions arising in group A became an opportunity to focus on the importance of prioritizing tasks, revising the initial breakdown structure and repartition of roles.
Intervention of Auditas: the audit performed by the fictitious consulting company Auditas, was introduced as an unexpected event after the first third of the project. The goal is to make the students conscious of potential weaknesses in their organization. In fact, students' reaction went beyond our expectations and this audit was a real shock for them, especially for team A. At first, remarks and recommendations from Auditas appeared to them very negative and they complained about it to the SC. After sharp discussions with the SC and advice or clarifications from the CC, they better understood Auditas' recommendations and radically changed their team internal structure and the role definitions. The responsibilities related to project management, including communication, planning and risk management were clearly detailed according to Auditas recommendations. Finally, this audit which was at first perceived by team A as a threat to the team future, turned out to be a strong factor of cohesion and re-motivation. In fact, group A simply experienced Tuckman's standard project
phases [7]. Auditas' recommendations were perceived more positively by team B who took these recommendations into account to more precisely define the communication process and the role of communication leader.
Analysis of students' identification stakeholders' interactions: at the end of the project, students wrote their final report in which they explained the structure and the evolution of their organization and the interactions they had with the different stakeholders. Both groups identified the main interactions with the Customer, the Technical Experts, and the SC. Group B identified two more interactions with Auditas and various External Contacts. It is worth noting that they did not identify, and consequently did not define any responsibilities for the communication with other stakeholders such as the CC and Expert Managers. The group communications with the Customer and the SC were easily activated, but not with the Technical Experts. If it is essential to define Technical Experts dissociated from the SC for this type of project, it is important to make sure the students establish rapidly a direct relationship with Technical Experts (for example, by means of a workshop, mail or forum) so that groups make the step to use experts services.
As a conclusion of this analysis, we observe that the earlier the students identify the stakeholders, the better the communication flows and the more efficient the team organisation is.
3. ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS' SKILLS REGARDING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN STAKEHOLDERS
We use qualitative and quantitative methods for the interactions analysis between the different stakeholders of the project from the students' point of view. The first part shows the evolution of such skills based on the results of a self management questionnaire. The second part analyses the students' feedback at the end of project.
3.1 Quantitative analysis of the students skills evolutions
The questionnaire was completed by the students before the project and also in the same way, at the end of the project. The questionnaire consists of 20 identically constructed questions. For each question, students had to individually rate their capacity on a 5-level scale: from no knowledge to mastery. In this article, according to the topic of this publication, we have only selected the questions related to human interactions competencies, i.e. 14 questions. In this section, we focus on 3 points to analyse the students' skill progression: the change in perceived skills for the class as a whole, for the two teams individually and separately for the team leaders and the other team members.
We first studied an overview on the class progress by analysing the individual answers addressing the deliverable writing skill (Fig 2) and also their skill of working in a large group of students(Fig 3).
Fig 3: At which level do you estimate your ability to work within a large team?
1: Never heard about it
2: Basic knowledge
3: Mastery for simple project
4: Mastery for complex project 5: Expertise in project management
Figure 2 shows that initially 50 % of students position themselves on a level equal or superior to level 3 to establish a project management plan document. At the end of the course, 90 % of the students estimate a level 3 or better. Concerning the capacity to work in a large team (Fig 3), the course enables 70% of the students to assess a level of 4 or better, compared to the 45 % of students having this level initially. Moreover, the expertise level 5 is reached by 20 % of students after the course.
Second, we compare the behaviours of the 2 groups because they had different methods of working. Group B had a strong leadership with a masterful way of working. On the contrary, group A started in almost chaos mode to finally reach a smart delegation way of managing. So, the answers about the management of conflicts (Fig 4) and identification of stakeholders (Fig 5) are clarifying their respective way of management.
Fig 5: At which level do you estimate your ability to identify all the stakeholders?
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
Figure 4 about conflict management shows that the initial level of group B is lower than that of group A. And, inside the 20% of group B, almost half of the members estimate having an expert level 5 compared to 0 expert in group A. In contrast, group B improves his skills much more than group A thanks to the course. In group B, expert number stays constant at 5 % contrary to group A which declares 12% experts after the course. This result is correlated with the group B methods of working which had a consensual leadership. For group B, the project had roll out without hitch and the management of few conflicts was almost without problem. On the contrary, at the beginning of project, group A suffered from a lack of leadership creating a big stress inside the group and with the SC. The audit allowed this group to make aware of their weakness and the conflicts calmed down, but in pain. The leaders have learned a lot, sometimes at their expense, but conflict management is still an art feared by half of the students. Figure 5 shows rather similar skills in the 2 teams for identifying the project stakeholders (70 % of students with level 4 or 5).
Finally, we compare the evolution of leaders and contributors' skills for the 2 groups. We select a question about oral communication (Fig 6) and another about responsibility of a task (Fig 7).
Fig 7: At which level do you estimate your ability to be responsible of a task?
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
Figure 6 shows that after the course, 85 % of leaders get a level 4 or 5 for oral communication compared to only 65 % of contributors. Moreover, about 15% of the level 4 people, leaders or contributors, reach the level 5. Finally, 50 % of leaders reach an expert level compared to only 10 % of contributors. This confirms that leaders have more skills than simple contributors. Concerning the head of task skill, figure 7 shows that before the course, 70 % of leaders and only 30 % of contributors had a level of 4 or better. After the course, the number of contributors at level 4 doubled but none of them reached an expertise level 5. Strangely, the number of expert leaders is almost divided by two
after the course. This means that leaders had no longer estimated themselves to be at an expert level, they scaled down their level after experiencing the real difficulties of this difficult role.
3.2 Students personal experience analysis
The qualitative assessments of students point of view were studied by considering only their reflexion about their interactions with other actors. There is a possible bias concerning their feedback because all the team members could read it and it was a part of the final report which has been evaluated. However, five major themes emerge from their feedback. For each citation, we have indicated the group to which the student belongs to.
Importance of the project manager: the project manager is the reference person in each group. He had to motivate his team, to support, defend and represent it. He was assisted by the heads of workpackage and thus had an overall vision of the project. This position which is held by only two persons in each class was seen as important and was considered to be a key success of the project: "In a complex project like this, I emphasize the importance of the project manager and all the task leaders. Indeed, these representatives were determinant in tracking targets, deadlines and maintaining the team motivation"(Group B).
Different stakeholders understanding: one of the students main difficulty was to understand the Steering Committee positioning. At first, it was seen as a set of teachers, so rather critical and penalizing. After many discussions, students were able to see this SC as a support for guidance and recommendations. "I think this project is relatively close to what we will encounter in business, if we can find a balance between the role of teachers and the role of SC" (Group A). Students realized that they were dealing with real stakeholders who had multiple constraints. Indeed, this directly impacted their project "It helped me to realize that delays had an important impact on the final decisions and that the team could be dependent on external stakeholders" (Group B). The company Auditas was aggressive during its audit. The negative points of each group were put forward. After stepping back, students realized that this approach was positive for reorientation and accomplishment of the project. "Even if the conclusions made by Auditas are not easy to take onboard, they allowed us to mobilize ourselves once again and especially to question ourselves" (Group A).
Human complexity relationship: this project highlighted the complexity of human relationships, both within a group but also with external stakeholders. "I also found that the complexity of the project was not at the technical level but at the human level" (Group B). This is in complete agreement with [8] where we see: "Out of the respondents, 69% indicate that failing to realise the intended benefits can be attributed for more than 50% to human factors and the process of change in an organisation. Complexity and risks of projects are continuously underrated, benefits are inflated and timelines are too tight. Combined with the overestimation of one's own abilities and limited risk controls, the result is delayed and budget is exceeded". "The first component of a project is human" (Group A). Human relationships were particularly difficult as the group size is large (17 students). It was necessary to manage that and to motivate everyone involved. Students also highlighted the need to communicate [9]. "It was also important to know how to communicate in our project within the team and with the outside so that it is understood and accepted by everyone" (Group A).
An efficient learning process: the technical project with a real request and a real Customer was seen as a relevant learning process. Students felt they were living a human experience and had acquired human relationships skills, aspects that they could not have noticed via a traditional course. "Discovering ourselves, learning about our team and its members in order to be able to speak with every one in the best way is something you cannot teach, but which is learned by doing it yourself" (Group B). Some awkwardness arose but will remain in memory and shouldn't be reproduced.
Team pride: at the end, students showed satisfaction concerning the realised work. They were proud that their team produced a good deliverable for the Customer. Some students even had the feeling of belonging to a company, "Internally, it was like being in a real company, with conflicts, delays, lack of motivation and re-motivation" (group A). Others noticed how the team knitted together "a true team cohesion emerged in this project, all of us turned towards the same goal: giving the best of ourselves to complete the course" (Group B).
In conclusion for the students "the factors on which we made the most progress are human factors (group A).
"
CONCLUSION
After such a project, the students assessment shows a significant evolution of their management skills and their perception of complexity. The students clearly understood that they had to get through a sometimes painful but necessary process of team work organisation to be able to properly respond to the customer's request. They also showed pride in getting through this challenging project as a stronger team. Students' perceptions of the various roles were not identical to those of the Steering Committee or those of the Stakeholders, as they focused on responding to the technical problem. As an example, students did not mention the role of the Communications Coach although he played a key role. The Steering Committee considered the course unit as a learning by doing experiment where errors remain acceptable as they are part of the learning process. After standing back, student accept it as a difficult but normal phase in the learning process.
In the future, we want to improve the experiment and analyse feedback over a longer period. Finer project monitoring is also envisaged to make the work of the Steering Committee more efficient and responsive.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank the Executive Committee of Telecom Bretagne. Many thanks to P.Friedel for valuable discussions and strong involvement in this training. A special thanks to K. Heggarty for his help in the paper translation.
REFERENCES
[1] Vinouze B. et al. (2013), How to train engineering students to cope with complexity in project management? 41ème SEFI Conference, Published by SEFI aisbl, ISSN: 1024-7920, September, Leuven.
[2] Genelot, D. (2011), Manager dans la complexité, INSEP CONSULTING Edition, ISBN 978-2914006-958, p. 21.
[3] Abernethy, K., Piegari, G. and Reichgelt H. (2007) Teaching project management: an experiential approach, Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 198– 205.
[4] CDIO http://www.cdio.org/ ,consulted on 04/11/2014.
[5] Kiviluoma P. and al. (2013), Experiences and insights into tutoring and assessment on itnerdeisciplinary project-based learning, 41ème SEFI Conference, September, Leuven.
[6] Project Management Institute Inc, (May 2013), The high cost of low performance, the essential role of communications, pp 1-10.
[7] Tuckman B. (1965), Developmental sequence in small groups, Psychological Bulletin, 63, pp 384-399.
[8] T. Broekhuizen, J. de Gier, S. van der Meijs, R. Oudega, H. Wilbrink, (2012), KPMG Advisor Institute, Project and programme management survey, pp 43-49.
[9] Lievens J. (2013), Are communication skills important for engineers? A relevant research question for engineering students and curriculum designers, 41ème SEFI Conference, September, Leuven | <urn:uuid:2424188a-de72-4a3a-9511-ac5c2025c22a> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 29,994 |
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The Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board (Board) recently submitted the above-referenced final-form regulation. You can obtain a copy of the final-form regulation from IRRC’s website – http://www.irrc.state.pa.us/regulations/RegSrchRslts.cfm?ID=3240.
It will be considered by IRRC at its public meeting on Thursday, December 5, 2019, beginning at 10 am in the 14th floor conference room, 333 Market Street, Harrisburg, PA. The agenda and any changes to the time or date of the meeting will be posted on IRRC’s website at http://www.irrc.state.pa.us/meetings/. In addition, the public meeting will be live streamed.
Any comments on this final-form regulation should be submitted to the Board prior to the 48-hour blackout-out period, which begins at 10 am on Tuesday, December 3, 2019. Please also provide IRRC with a copy of any comments by email to firstname.lastname@example.org. All correspondence and documents relating to a regulation submitted to IRRC are a matter of public record and appear on our website.
For a copy of the regulation or for substantive questions regarding the regulation, please contact Warren R. Mowery, Jr., Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board, Chief Counsel, (717) 783-6016, email@example.com.
The Labor Relations Board (Board) proposes to amend 34 Pa. Code, Part V (relating to Labor Relations Board). The amendments are intended to update the Board's office locations and addresses, allow electronic filing of certain documents with the Board and permit service of certain documents on represented parties by e-mail.
Proposed PLRB Rules and Regulations are Attached
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https://www.pabulletin.com/secure/data/vol49/49-15/520.html
The Labor Relations Board (Board) proposes to amend 34 Pa. Code, Part V (relating to Labor Relations Board). The amendments are intended to update the Board's office locations and addresses, allow electronic filing of certain documents with the Board and permit service of certain documents on represented parties by e-mail.
These proposed changes to the rules and regulations were approved by the Board during a regularly scheduled meeting on September 18, 2018, and approved by the Secretary of Labor and Industry on November 6, 2018.
A. Effective Date
This proposed rulemaking will go into effect upon final-form publication in the Pennsylvania Bulletin.
B. Contact Persons
For further information contact Warren R. Mowery, Jr., Deputy Chief Counsel, 651 Boas Street, Room 418, Labor and Industry Building, Harrisburg, PA 17121, (717) 783-6016; or Nathan Bortner, Secretary, 651 Boas Street, Room 418, Labor and Industry Building, Harrisburg, PA 17121, (717) 783-6018.
This proposed rulemaking is available electronically at https://www.dli.pa.gov/Individuals/Labor-Management-Relations/plrb/Pages/default.aspx.
C. Statutory Authority
This proposed rulemaking is being made under the authority of section 4(f) of the Pennsylvania Labor Relations Act (PLRA) (43 P.S. § 211.4(f)) ("[t]he board, by and with the approval of the Secretary of Labor and Industry, shall have authority, from time to time, to make, amend, and rescind such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this act"), and section 502 of the Public Employe Relations Act (PERA) (43 P.S. § 1101.502) ("[t]he board shall have authority from time to time to make, amend and rescind such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this act").
D. Background and Purpose
Section 9(e) of the PLRA (43 P.S. § 211.9(e)) ("[n]o petition or charge shall be entertained which relates to acts which occurred or statements which were made more than six weeks prior to the filing of the petition or charge") established a 6-week statute of limitations for filing a Charge of Unfair Labor Practices with the Board. Police and Firefighters who have the right to organize under the Policemen and Firemen Collective Bargaining Act (P.L. 237, No. 111), are governed by the procedures and rules and regulations promulgated under the PLRA. *Philadelphia Fire Officers Association v. Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board*, 470 Pa. 550, 369 A.2d 159 (1977). Section 1505 of PERA (43 P.S. § 1101.1505) ("[n]o petition or charge shall be entertained which relates to acts which occurred or statements which were made more than four months prior to the filing of the petition or charge") similarly provides for a 4-month statute of limitations period for Charges of Unfair Practice involving public sector collective bargaining.
Additionally, there are other statutes and provisions governing the timeliness of documents filed with the Board, such as a request for fact-finding under Act 88 of 1992 (24 P.S. § 11-1122-A), or the 20-day period for filing of exceptions under § 95.98(a) (relating to decisions of the Board) of the Board's rules and regulations. See 34 Pa. Code § 95.98(a).
As presently promulgated, the Board's rules and regulations provide that documents submitted to the Board are filed only when received by the Board, or in the case of exceptions under 34 Pa. Code § 95.98, when mailed through the United States Postal Service with a Form 3817 Certificate of Mailing. This has on occasion resulted in untimely filing of charges and exceptions precluding an administrative remedy.
Use of e-mail to communicate and submit documentation has become standard and reliable in both the private and public sector. Updating the Board's rules and regulations to allow for e-mail filing of certain documents would utilize this commonly accepted technology to alleviate some of the inconveniences in timely filing documents with the Board.
Additionally, exceptions to a decision of the Board Secretary or a Board Hearing Examiner are due 20-days after issuance. The date of issuance of a Board letter or order is the date of mailing by certified mail to the filing party or their representative. The option of e-mail service of documents would allow for expedited receipt (often the same day as issuance) of Board issued letter and orders.
Further, the electronic filing of documents would alleviate the requirement for numerous paper copies to be filed with the Board.
The proposal was extensively discussed among Board staff with regard to meeting the statutory needs, administrative concerns and Board procedures, before drafting. Insight and suggestions were sought from other Commonwealth agencies and from public-sector labor relations authorities in other states through the Association of Labor Relations Authorities (ALRA). Comments were also sought from lawyers representing public-sector employers and unions before the Board, through inquiry to the Pennsylvania Bar Association's Labor and Employment Law Section. The proposal was reviewed and approved by the Board, prior to its submission as this proposed rulemaking.
**E. Summary of Rules and Regulations**
*Chapter 91. Private and Public Employes*
§ 91.2. Appearances.
Changes to this section would add the option of allowing the attorney or representative for a party to elect, in an entry of appearance, to receive service of filings by other parties, and copies of Board letters and orders by e-mail.
*Chapter 93. Private Employes*
§ 93.11. Institution of proceeding.
Changes to this section would update the regulations to reflect that the Board no longer has a regional office in Philadelphia.
§ 93.12. Service and filing of papers.
Changes to clause (a) of this section would eliminate the requirement of service by "registered mail" while retaining the requirement of service on an unrepresented party by certified mail. The changes to clause (a) would also add that where an attorney or representative has elected to accept e-mail service, that service of documents on the attorney or representative may be made by e-mail at the designated e-mail address.
The changes would create a new clause (b), Methods of Filing with the Board. Clause (b)(1) would retain the current method of filing with the Board by actual receipt, and clarify that Charges and Petitions sent to the Board by mail will be filed on the date of receipt by the Board. Clause (b)(2) would add the option of filing any document, except a Petition with a "showing of interest," see 34 Pa. Code § 95.1 (relating to definitions), by e-mail to a resource e-mail account established exclusively for receipt of documents filed with the Board, and would also add the option of agreeing to e-mail service of letters and orders from the Board. This proposed rulemaking would place the burden on the filing party for a failed receipt of documents due to computer file errors in the attachments or because of disruptions in electronic transmission.
Previous clause (b) would be renamed as clause (c). Clause (c) retains the requirement that any filing with the Board, whether filed when received or by e-mail, must be filed with the Board before the close of business on the last day for filing.
Prior clause (c) would be renamed (d) and continue to require that filings be legible.
Previous clause (d) requiring multiple copies would be eliminated.
Chapter 95. Public Employes
§ 95.11(b)(8). Changes to this section would reflect the current address of the Board's office in Harrisburg, PA.
§ 95.13(c). Changes to this section would reflect the current address of the Board's office in Harrisburg, PA.
§ 95.31. Charges.
Changes to this section would eliminate the need to file multiple paper copies of Charges of Unfair Practices with the Board.
§ 95.41. Service of papers.
Changes to this section would eliminate the requirement of service by "telegram" while retaining the requirement of service on an unrepresented party by mail or in person. The changes would also add the provision that where an attorney or representative has elected to accept e-mail service, that service of documents on the attorney or representative may be made by e-mail at the designated e-mail address.
§ 95.42. Filing of papers.
Clause (b) of this section would be amended to reflect that the Board no longer has a regional office in Philadelphia, PA.
The changes to this section would create a new clause (c), Methods of Filing with the Board. Clause (c)(1) would retain the current method of filing with the Board by actual receipt, and clarify that Charges and Petitions sent to the Board by mail will be filed on the date of receipt by the Board. Clause (c)(2) would add the option of filing any document, except a Joint Election Request or Petition with a "showing of interest," by e-mail to a resource e-mail account established for the Board set up exclusively for receipt of filed documents, and would also add the option of agreeing to e-mail service of letters and orders from the Board. This proposed rulemaking would place the burden on the filing party for a failed receipt of documents due to computer file errors in the attachments or because of disruptions in electronic transmission.
Previous clause (c) would be renamed as clause (d). Clause (d) retains the requirement that the first paper filed with the Board contain an address of the parties for initial service of documents issued by the Board.
Prior clause (d) would be renamed (e) and continue to require that filings be legible.
Previous clause (e) requiring multiple copies would be eliminated.
§ 95.98. Decisions of the Board.
Existing clause § 95.98(a)(1), exceptions to a hearing examiner decision, allows the filing of exceptions to the Board based on "actual receipt" by the Board, or on the date deposited in the United States mail as shown on a Form 3817 Certificate of Mailing. Changes to clause (a)(1) would amend "actual receipt" to include the changes in § 93.12 (relating to service and filing of papers) and § 95.42 (relating to filing of papers), that would allow filing by actual receipt or by e-mail. Provisions in § 95.98(a)(1) allowing the filing of exceptions by United States mail with a Form 3817 would be retained.
Changes to § 95.98(c) would eliminate the need to file multiple copies of exceptions with the Board, and eliminate the requirement to serve a copy of a response to exceptions on the hearing examiner.
F. Benefits, Costs and Requirements
The jurisdiction of the Board extends to public employers, including but not limited to the Commonwealth, political subdivisions, municipalities, school districts and State-related universities. Board jurisdiction includes employees of public employers and employee representatives. The Board has very limited jurisdiction over private employers under the PLRA.
Benefits. The proposed changes to the Board's rules and regulations to allow filing by e-mail, and to eliminate the need for parties to file multiple copies of documents, is a significant benefit of providing an additional means for timely filing of documents with the Board.
Costs. The changes to the Board's rules and regulations to allow filing by e-mail, and to eliminate the need for parties to file multiple copies of documents, is also a cost savings for persons with cases and petitions before the Board.
Requirements. The proposed changes to the Board's rules and regulations to allow filing by e-mail, and to eliminate the need for parties to file multiple copies of documents, does not require filing by e-mail or eliminate existing means of filing with the Board. Charge of Unfair Practice (PERA-9) and Charge of Unfair Labor Practice (PLRA-15) forms currently utilized by the Board, will remain in existence and per the proposed changes may also be filed by e-mail. Existing forms may be found on the Board's web site at https://www.dli.pa.gov/Individuals/Labor-Management-Relations/plrb/Pages/default.aspx.
G. Administrative Code and Commonwealth Attorney's Act
Under section 232 of The Administrative Code of 1929 (71 P.S. § 232), the Board received a fiscal note, Fiscal Note 104-1, from the Office of the Budget for this proposed rulemaking.
The Board is an independent agency under the Commonwealth Attorney's Act, and under section 204(b) (71 P.S. § 732-204(b)), the Board submitted this proposed rulemaking to the Office of Attorney General for review for form and legality.
H. Regulatory Review
Under section 5(a) of the Regulatory Review Act (71 P.S. § 745.5(a)), on March 28, 2019, the Board submitted a copy of this proposed rulemaking to the Independent Regulatory Review Commission (IRRC) and the Chairpersons of the House and Senate Labor and Industry Committees. In addition to submitting this proposed rulemaking, the Board has provided IRRC and the Committees with a copy of a detailed regulatory analysis form. Under section 5(g) of the Regulatory Review Act, IRRC may convey any comments, recommendations or objections to this proposed rulemaking within 30 days of the close of the public comment period.
I. Public Comments
Interested persons are invited to submit comments, suggestions or objections regarding this proposed rulemaking by mail to Nathan Bortner, Secretary, Labor Relations Board, 651 Boas Street, Room 418, Labor and Industry Building, Harrisburg, PA 17121, fax (717) 783-2974, firstname.lastname@example.org. A reference to this proposed rulemaking and a return name and address must be included for each submission. Comments, suggestions or objections must be received by the Board by May 7, 2019 (within 30 days of publication in the Pennsylvania Bulletin).
NATHAN BORTNER,
Secretary
Fiscal Note: 104-1. No fiscal impact; (8) recommends adoption.
Annex A
TITLE 34. LABOR AND INDUSTRY
PART V. LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
CHAPTER 91. PRIVATE AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES
GENERAL PROVISIONS
§ 91.2. Appearances.
(a) An attorney or other representative desiring to participate in a proceeding before the Labor Relations Board (Board) or a designated agent of the Board, and who wishes to be served with papers, shall file an appearance either by letter, or by a form provided by the Board or by oral request at the hearing. **The entry of appearance shall indicate whether the attorney or representative will accept service by e-mail and, if so, provide a valid e-mail address for service.**
(b) A person who has been employed by the Board is not permitted to appear as attorney or representative for a party in a case which was pending before the Board during the period of his employment.
CHAPTER 93. PRIVATE EMPLOYEES
PREHEARING PROVISIONS
§ 93.11. Institution of proceedings.
(a) Charges and petitions instituting proceedings before the Board may be filed with the principal office of the Board in Harrisburg, or with the regional office of the Board in [Philadelphia or] Pittsburgh. Charge and petition forms are available at Board offices.
(b) Charges and petitions may be filed by a person entitled to do so under the act, shall be in writing, shall contain pertinent information required by the act and shall be verified by the person filing the charges and petitions.
(c) In actions before the Board, the first paper filed on behalf of each party shall contain an address at which service of complaints, orders and other processes and papers of the Board may be made. Thereafter, a party may file with the Board [a suggestion] an entry of appearance under § 91.2(a) (relating to appearances), which shall form part of the record in the case, setting forth a new address at which the service may be made. If he does not do so, notice sent to him by registered mail at his last address of record shall be equivalent to service.
§ 93.12. Service and filing of papers.
(a) Service of papers by a party on other parties shall be made personally, or by [registered or] certified mail, or by leaving a copy thereof with the person then in charge at the principal office or place of business of the person to be served. Where an attorney or representative has entered his appearance under § 91.2(a) (relating to appearances), complaints, orders and other processes and papers shall be served on the attorney or representative and need not be served on the party. Service on an attorney or representative may be made personally, by United States Postal Service first-class mail, or where the attorney or representative has approved service by e-mail in an entry of appearance under § 91.2, by e-mail to the e-mail address provided in the entry of appearance.
(b) Methods of Filing with the Board.
(1) In person at the principal office of the Board in Harrisburg, or with the regional office of the Board in Pittsburgh. If mailed to the Board through the United States Postal Service or third-party courier, the date of filing shall be the date of receipt by the Board in its Harrisburg or Pittsburgh office.
(2) Filings, other than a petition or other document with a showing of interest as defined by § 95.1 (relating to definitions), may be filed with the Board by electronic mail by e-mailing a portable document format (PDF) file of the scanned complete signed document, including attachments and exhibits thereto, to the Board at the Board's designated e-mail address. A party filing by e-mail is responsible for attaching the document using the proper format, and for delay, disruption, interruption of electronic signals and readability of the document and accepts the risk that the e-mailed document may not be properly received or timely filed.
When the acts, or this chapter or an order of the Board requires the filing of a motion, brief, exception or other paper in a proceeding, the document shall be received by the Board or the officer or agent designated by the Board to receive the document before the close of business of the last day of the time limit, if any, for the filing. Exceptions to this requirement will be at the discretion of the Board.
Papers, pleadings, briefs or other documents filed with the Board shall be legibly typed, printed or otherwise legibly duplicated.
An original and three copies of the papers, pleadings, briefs or other documents to be filed with the Board shall be submitted to the Board unless otherwise specified.
CHAPTER 95. PUBLIC EMPLOYEES
INSTITUTION OF REPRESENTATION PROCEEDINGS
§ 95.11. Request for certification.
(a) A public employee, employee organization or group of employees and the public employer may, when the public employee organization represents a majority of the employees in an appropriate unit, jointly submit to the Board a request for certification upon a form to be supplied by the Board.
(b) The request for certification shall set forth the following:
(1) The name, address and telephone number of the public employer and the person to contact, including his title, if known.
(2) The name, address and affiliation, if any, of the employee organization and the name, address and telephone number of its representative.
(3) A description and factual statement in support of the unit claimed to be appropriate for the purpose of exclusive representation.
(4) The budget submission date of the public employer.
(5) The signatures of the parties, including their titles and telephone numbers.
(6) A statement that the employee organization represents a majority of the employees in the unit and the method of determining the representative majority. Proof of the representative majority shall be submitted to the hearing examiner, if requested.
(7) The names and addresses of known employee representatives, individuals, labor organizations or groups claiming to represent any of the employees in the bargaining unit.
(8) Five days prior to the submission to the Board of the joint request for certification, the employer shall post on the bulletin boards at all locations where employees in the requested unit work a copy of the joint request for certification and a statement that the request will be filed with the Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board, [1601] 418 Labor and Industry Building, 651 Boas Street, Harrisburg, Pa. [17120] 17121, for the purpose of securing from that Board a certification of ____________________________
(Name of employee representative)
as the exclusive bargaining representative for the employees within the unit.
(9) Other relevant facts.
§ 95.13. Consent to election request.
(a) If a public employer consents to an election request by a public employee, a group of public employees or an employee organization, the consent shall be given in writing to the party giving notice within 10 days of the receipt of an election request.
(b) Upon consent to an election request, a joint election request shall be submitted to the Board, in triplicate, upon forms prepared by the Board, which shall include the following:
(1) A description and factual statement in support of the unit deemed appropriate.
(2) The basis for alleging a 30% interest or more.
(3) A list of all unit employees prepared by the employer in the order requested by the Board with occupations or classifications of those agreed upon as eligible to vote.
(4) Suggested times and places of holding the election.
(5) The budget submission date of the public employer.
(6) A 1% showing of interest among employees within the requested unit is required before another employee representative may be placed on the ballot. A 10% showing of interest among employees within the requested unit is required before another employee representative may be permitted to intervene as a party.
(7) If a public employer refuses to consent within the 10-day period to an election, the party making the request may file a petition for representation election. A public employer may file a petition for representation election if, after receiving a notice for an election request, the moving party thereafter fails to submit a joint election request within 10 days after consent is given by the employer.
(c) Five days prior to the submission to the Board of the joint election request, the employer shall post on the bulletin boards at all locations where employees in the requested unit work, a copy of the joint election request and a statement that the request will be filed with the Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board, [1601] 418 Labor and Industry Building, 651 Boas Street, Harrisburg, Pa. [17120] 17121, for the purpose of securing from that Board a certification of ____________________________
(Name of employee representative)
as the exclusive bargaining representative for the employees within the unit.
UNFAIR PRACTICES PROCEEDINGS
§ 95.31. Charges.
(a) Charges shall be in writing on forms supplied by the Board and shall be signed and sworn to before a person authorized to administer oaths. An original [and three copies] of the charge shall be filed with the Board by one or more public employees, or an employee organization, acting in their behalf, or by a public employer.
§ 95.41. Service of papers.
Service of papers by a party on other parties shall be made personally, by United States mail, [by telegram] or by leaving a copy of the papers with the person then in charge at the principal office or place of business of the person to be served. Where an attorney or representative has entered his appearance under § 91.2(a) (relating to appearances), complaints, orders and other processes and papers shall be served on the attorney or representative and need not be served on the party. Service on an attorney or representative may be made personally, by United States Postal Service first-class mail, or where the attorney or representative has approved service by e-mail in an entry of appearance under § 91.2, by e-mail to the e-mail address provided in the entry of appearance.
§ 95.42. Filing of papers.
(a) When the act, this chapter or an order of the Board requires the filing of a motion, brief, exception or other paper in a proceeding, the document shall be received by the Board or the officer or agent designated by the Board to receive the document before the close of business of the last day of the time limit, if any, for the filing. Exceptions to this requirement will be at the discretion of the Board.
(b) Charges and petitions may be filed with the principal office of the Board in Harrisburg, or with the regional office of the Board in [Philadelphia or] Pittsburgh. Charge and petition forms are available at Board offices.
(c) Methods of Filing with the Board.
(1) In person at the principal office of the Board in Harrisburg, or with the regional office of the Board in Pittsburgh. If mailed to the Board through the United States Postal Service or third-party courier, the date of filing shall be the date of receipt by the Board in its Harrisburg or Pittsburgh office.
(2) Except for a Joint Election Request (Form PERA-3), Petition (Form PLRB-13 or Form PERA-4), or other document with a showing of interest, filing by electronic mail by e-mailing a portable document format (PDF) file of the scanned complete signed document, including attachments and exhibits thereto, to the Board at the Board's designated e-mail address. A party filing by e-mail is responsible for attaching the document using the proper format, and for delay, disruption, interruption of electronic signals and readability of the document and accepts the risk that the e-mailed document may not be properly received or timely filed.
[(c)] (d) Actions before the Board, the first paper filed on behalf of each party shall contain an address including zip code at which service of complaints, orders and other processes and papers of the Board may be made. Thereafter, a party may file with the Board [a correction] an entry of appearance under § 91.2(a) (relating to appearances), which shall form part of the record in the case, setting forth a new address [with zip code] at which the service may be made. If he does not do so, notice sent to him by United States mail at his last address of record shall be equivalent to service.
[(d)] (e) Papers, pleadings, briefs or other documents filed with the Board shall be legibly typed, printed or otherwise legibly duplicated.
§ 95.98. Decisions of the Board.
(a) Exceptions to a hearing examiner decision. Filing of statements of exceptions to a hearing examiner decision will be as follows:
(1) A party may file with the Board within 20-calendar days of the date of issuance with the Board an original and four copies of a statement of exceptions and a supporting brief to a proposed decision issued under § 95.91(k)(1) (relating to hearings) or a nisi order issued under § 95.96(b) (relating to exceptions) certifying a representative or the results of an election. Exceptions will be deemed [received upon actual receipt] filed in accordance with § 93.12 (relating to service and filing of papers) or § 95.42 (relating to filing of papers), or on the date deposited in the United States mail, as shown on a United States Postal Form 3817 Certificate of Mailing enclosed with the statement of exceptions. The statement of exceptions shall:
(i) State the specific issues of procedure, fact or law, or other portion of the proposed decision to which each exception is taken.
(ii) Identify the page or part of the decision to which each exception is taken.
(iii) Where possible, designate by page citation or exhibit number the portions of the record relied upon for each exception.
(iv) State the grounds for each exception.
(2) No reference may be made in the statement of exceptions to any matter not contained in the record of the case.
(3) An exception not specifically raised shall be waived.
(4) The party shall, concurrent with its filing of the statement of exceptions and supporting brief, serve a copy of the same upon each party to the proceeding. Proof of service shall be filed with the Board.
(b) Failure to file exceptions. When no exceptions are filed to a proposed decision, it will become final upon the expiration of 20-calendar days from the date of issuance.
(c) Response to exceptions. Within 20-calendar days following the date of receipt of the statement of exceptions and supporting brief, a party may file [an original and four copies of] a response to the statement of exceptions and a supporting brief with the Board [and one copy with the hearing examiner]. Copies of these documents shall be served concurrently on each party, and proof of service shall be filed with the Board.
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Aftale om Netbank værdipapirhandel (Privat)
Parter
Kunden
Pengeinstitut
CPR−nr./CVR−nr.
Brugernummer:
Møns Bank Hovedkontoret Storegade 29 4780 Stege
Indhold
Undertegnede (herefter benævnt kunden) og medundertegnede Møns Bankhar d.d.i henhold til Aftale om Netbank indgået følgende tillægsaftale vedrørende kundens tilslutning til det af Møns Bank tilbudte elektroniske værdipapirhandelssystem Netbank værdipapirhandel (herefter benævnt Netbank værdipapirhandelssystemet eller systemet). Systemet kan tilgås både fra en computer og fra en mobil enhed (smartphone eller lignende) jf. Vilkår for Netbank pkt. 2.1. Tilgås Netbank værdi− papirhandel via en mobil enhed kan der være begrænsninger i funktionaliteten. Møns Bank kan til enhver tid oplyse om, hvilke muligheder der er. Nærværende aftale er et tillæg til "Aftale om Netbank", som er indgået mellem kunden og Møns Bank. "Aftale om Netbank" finder anven− delse i det omfang, den ikke er fraveget i nedenstående.
Særlige forhold
Betingelser
1. Formål og omfang
1.1 Formålet med nærværende aftale er nærmere at regulere kundens brug af det af Møns Bank tilbudte Netbank værdipa− pirhandelssystem.
1.2 Nærværende aftale omfatter samtlige af kundens nuvæ− rende og fremtidige konti og depoter i Møns Bank. Kundens adgang til at disponere over konti og depoter sker som ud− gangspunkt i overensstemmelse med de til enhver tid gælden− de regler for sådanne konti og depoter. Møns Bank er dog berettiget til, i forbindelse med anvendelsen af Netbank, at ind− skrænke kundens sædvanlige disponeringsret.
1.3 Kunden er bekendt med, at der ikke må foretages handler med værdipapirer via Netbank, når kunden er bosat i USA, Mexico eller Canada eller andre lande, hvor der måtte være et forbud mod at gennemføre sådanne transaktioner.
1.4 Udover bestemmelserne i nærværende aftale med tilhø− rende vilkår og Møns Banks vilkår for handel med værdipapirer gælder i retsforholdet mellem Møns Bank og kunden følgende regelsæt:
−Møns Banks vilkår for handel med værdipapirer
−Møns Banks almindelige forretningsbetingelser for henholds− vis privat−og erhvervskunder
−Aftale om Netbank med tilhørende vilkår
−"Basisaftale om handel med værdipapirer med tilhørende vil− kår" og "Depotaftale med tilhørende vilkår"
1.5 Kunden erklærer ved sin underskrift at have læst og ac− cepteret de i pkt. 1.4 anførte regelsæt som en del af denne af− tale.
Regelsættene kan findes på Møns Banks hjemmeside. www.− moensbank.dk/investeringsvilkaar.
Side 1 af 8
1.6 Kunden er bekendt med, at bestemmelserne vedrørende betalingstransaktioner i Aftale om Netbank med tilhørende vil− kår ikke finder anvendelse på transaktioner, der hidrører fra kundens handel med værdipapirer. Dette omfatter bl.a. afreg− ning for køb/salg af værdipapirer, udbetaling af udbytte, ind− løsning mv., uanset om disse transaktioner sker til/fra en betalingskonto.
2. Netbank værdipapirhandel −funktionalitet
2.1 Afgivelse af elektronisk ordre
2.1.1 Ved tilslutning til Netbank værdipapirhandel får kunden mulighed for på forskellig vis elektronisk at afgive ordre om køb og salg af danske. Ordrer afregnes i overensstemmelse med Møns Banks vilkår for handel med værdipapirer i det omfang disse ikke er fraveget i nærværende aftale med tilhørende vil− kår.
2.1.2 Det er mellem kunden og Møns Bank aftalt, at kunden skal have adgang til følgende ordretyper:
−MARKEDSORDRE −STRAKS
−MARKEDSORDRE
−LIMITERET ORDRE −BØRS
−LIMITERET ORDRE
2.1.3 Der henvises for så vidt angår de enkelte ordretyper til Vilkår for handel med værdipapirer via Netbank. Møns Bank forbeholder sig ret til i forhold til den enkelte kunde ikke at stille samtlige ordretyper til rådighed.
2.1.4 Der kan for enkelte ordretyper være fastsat beløbsbe− grænsninger, både for så vidt angår den enkelte ordre som for summen af samtlige de af kunden afgivne ordrer. Der kan være fastsat lignende beløbsbegrænsninger for enkelte værdipapi− rer, uafhængig af ordretypen. De fastsatte begrænsninger vil fremgå af Møns Banks vilkår for handel med værdipapirer.
Aftale om Netbank værdipapirhandel (Privat) −fortsat
2.2 Kursinformation
3.4 Central investorinformation
2.2.1 Kursinformation i henhold til pkt. 2.4 i Vilkår for handel med værdipapirer via Netbank stilles til rådighed for kunden af Møns Bank.
2.2.2 Kursinformationer, som kunden modtager via Netbank, må ikke under nogen omstændigheder videreformidles til tred− jemand.
3. Investorbeskyttelse
3.1 Investorbeskyttelse ved værdipapirhandel −detailkun− der
3.1.1 Hvis kunden er detailkunde, og afgiver Netbank−ordreri ikke−komplekseværdipapirer, vurderer Møns Bank ikke, om den ønskede handel, er hensigtsmæssig for kunden. Ikke− komplekse værdipapirer er f.eks. børsnoterede aktier, børsno− terede obligationer og traditionelle investeringsforeningsbeviser.
3.1.2 Når kunden afgiver en Netbank−ordrei komplekse værdi− papirer, vil Møns Bank vurdere, om det værdipapir som ordren vedrører, er hensigtsmæssigt for kunden. Hvis Møns Bank vur− derer, at værdipapiret ikke er hensigtsmæssigt for kunden, kan Møns Bank vælge at indskrænke adgangen til at handle vær− dipapiret via Netbank. Såfremt Møns Bank vælger ikke at ind− skrænke adgangen til at handle værdipapiret via Netbank i denne situation, kan kunden vælge at afgive ordren alligevel. Komplekse værdipapirer er for eksempel unoterede aktier, strukturerede obligationer og særlige investeringsforeningsbe− viser.
3.1.3 Der er mulighed for at læse mere om Møns Banks vurde− ring af hensigtsmæssighed i Møns Banks vilkår for handel med værdipapirer.
3.2 Investorbeskyttelse ved værdipapirhandel −professio− nelle kunder
3.2.1 Møns Bank foretager ingen vurdering af hensigtsmæs− sigheden af de værdipapirer, som professionelle kunder hand− ler i Netbank. Dette gælder uanset, om der er tale om komplekse eller ikke−komplekseværdipapirer.
3.3 Risiko for tab og risikomærkning
3.3.1 Kunden er indforstået med, at investering i og handel med værdipapirer er forbundet med betydelig risiko for tab. Kunden evaluerer selv risikoen i forbindelse med det enkelte værdipapir og det aktuelle marked. Kunden er bekendt med, at kunden bør søge rådgivning inden handel med værdipapirer gennemføres, hvis kunden ikke har den fornødne erfaring med investering i værdipapirer.
3.3.2 Værdipapirer, der handles af detailkunder i Netbank, er risikomærkede i henhold til bekendtgørelse om risikomærkning af investeringsprodukter. Kunden kan i Netbank se information om risikomærkningen på de typer af værdipapirer, der kan handles i Netbank. Kunden modtager endvidere oplysning om risikomærkningen på det specifikke værdipapir, kunden hand− ler i Netbank, forud for handelens gennemførelse.
Ved afgivelse af ordre på køb af investeringsforeningsbeviser kan kunden via et direkte link i Netbank rekvirere Central Inve− storinformation for den pågældende investeringsforeningsaf− deling.
Formålet med Central Investorinformation er at gøre det lettere forståeligt, hvorledes investeringsforeningsafdelingens opbyg− ning er og de risici, der er forbundet med at investere i investe− ringsforeningsafdelingen eller det sammensatte investeringsprodukt.
Dokumentet giver information om:
−Mål og investeringspolitik for investeringsforeningsafdelingen eller det sammensatte investeringsprodukt
−Omkostninger forbundet med erhvervelse af investeringsfor− eningsandele −Tidligere afkastresultater for investeringsforeningsafdelingen
−Risiko−og afkastprofil for investeringsforeningsafdelingen
−Øvrige praktiske oplysninger om investeringsforeningsafde− lingen.
4. Systemets åbningstider, tidsfrister samt handelsomkostninger
4.1 Systemets åbningstider, herunder tidsfrister for hvornår or− drer kan afgives samt handelsomkostninger mv. for benyttelsen af systemet fremgår af Møns Banks vilkår for handel med vær− dipapirer.
4.2 De angivne tider er alene vejledende og Møns Bank forbe− holder sig ret til at ændre gebyrsatserne samt de angivne tider og handelsomkostninger. Der henvises i øvrigt til pkt. 7 i Vilkår for Netbank vedrørende ændring af vilkår, gebyrsatser og tek− niske specifikationer.
4.3 Såfremt systemet tilføres ny funktionalitet, som er gebyrbe− lagt, eller som på anden måde kan få økonomiske konsekven− ser for kunden, skal kunden særskilt tilmeldes dette.
5. Ansvar
5.1 Møns Bank er ikke ansvarlig for tab, som kunden måtte lide som følge af driftforstyrrelser, der forhindrer anvendelsen af systemet. Møns Bank er ej heller ansvarlig for tab, som kunden måtte lide, som følge af afbrydelser i kundens adgang til at indhente information eller afgive ordre.
5.2 Møns Bank er til enhver tid berettiget til, uden ansvar, at afvise at gennemføre ordrer, betalinger, overførsler mv., så− fremt de af Møns Bank fastsatte begrænsninger angivet i vilkår og Møns Banks vilkår for handel med værdipapirer overskrides, eller såfremt der ikke er dækning for en overførsel mv. Møns Bank er endvidere berettiget til at afvise at gennemføre trans− aktioner, såfremt det er nødvendigt for at iagttage Møns Banks forpligtelser som værdipapirhandler i henhold til lov om kapi− talmarkeder, eller såfremt kundens afgivelse af informationer i forbindelse med en ordre er mangelfuld. Der henvises i øvrigt til pkt. 2.6, 3.2.2, 5.3, 5.5 og 6 i Vilkår for Netbank.
6. Originale aftaler
6.1 Ved underskrift af aftalen bekræfter kunden at have mod− taget en kopi af aftalen og at have adgang til de tilhørende vil− kår via Møns Banks hjemmeside som angivet ovenfor.
Aftale om Netbank værdipapirhandel (Privat) −fortsat
Underskrift
Den ________________________
Den ___________________________
Møns Bank
Side 3 af 8
1. Systemets anvendelsesmuligheder
1.1 Systemet omfatter blandt andet følgende funktioner:
Afgivelse af elektroniske ordrer
Adgang til elektronisk registrering af ordrer vedrørende køb og salg af værdipapirer, herunder danske obligationer og aktier noteret på NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S, noterede investeringsforenings− beviser, unoterede investeringsforeningsbeviser, der er optaget på NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S officielle kursliste, et udvalg af unoterede aktier. Det vil fremgå af Møns Banks vilkår for handel med værdipapirer, hvilke specifikke grupper af værdipapirer, der er til− gængelige for handel via Netbank. I begrænset omfang giver NAS− DAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S' samarbejde med andre markeder adgang til, at der kan handles på sådanne. Der kan i visse tilfælde via via NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S handles på disse markeds− pladser via systemet, hvilket sker på de vilkår, der gælder for NAS− DAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S i denne aftale. Der er mulighed for at anvende en række forskellige ordretyper herunder gennemsnit− skursordrer, markedsordrer og limiterede ordrer. Der henvises for så vidt angår de enkelte ordretyper til pkt. 3 nedenfor.
Overslagsberegninger
Overslagsberegning af kundens anslåede afregningsbeløb i forbin− delse med køb og salg af værdipapirer.
Oversigter
Oversigter over ordrer, som kunden har afgivet, oversigter over kundens afviklede handler, oversigter over kundens aktuelle be− holdninger af værdipapirer mv., oversigter over kundens handlede, men endnu ikke afviklede ordrer samt oversigter over saldi på kun− dens konti.
Møns Bank kan tillige vælge at give kunden adgang til at se oversig− ter over kundens positioner i værdipapirbaserede futures og optio− ner.
Kursinformation
Elektronisk adgang til forskellige former for kursinformation, jf. nær− mere pkt. 2.4.
1.2 Kunden er alene berettiget til at anvende de ordretyper som fremgår af Aftale om Netbank værdipapirhandel. Herudover er Møns Bank berettiget til at indskrænke kundens adgang til kursinformation.
2. Handel med værdipapirer gennem Netbank
2.1 Generelle betingelser
2.1.1 Det er en betingelse for anvendelse af Netbank værdipapir− handelssystemet, at kunden har personlig adgang til Netbank. Der henvises til Aftale om Netbank med tilhørende vilkår for en beskri− velse af adgang til og brug af Netbank, sikkerhedsforanstaltninger, mulighed for at afgive fuldmagt mv. Kunden gøres særskilt opmærk− som på de i vilkårene indeholdte bestemmelser om økonomisk for− pligtende transaktioner.
2.2 Afregning over pengeinstituttets egenbeholdning
2.2.1 Kunden accepterer, at Møns Bank kan udføre kundens ordrer uden om et reguleret marked eller en markedsplads.
2.3 Kontoudskrifter/notaer −kontrol
2.3.1 Kunden modtager i papirform notaer (hvis ikke det er fravalgt) eller får adgang til elektroniske notaer i forbindelse med afregning af ordrer. Notaen gengiver vilkårene for den endelige afregning. Kun− den bør ved modtagelsen af eller adgangen til notaen straks kon− trollere, at alle oplysninger vedrørende handlen er i skal uden ophold gøre Møns Bank opmærksom på, hvis en nota ikke
overensstemmelse med den af kunden indtastede ordre. Kunden er i overensstemmelse med den afgivne ordre.
2.4 Kursinformation
2.4.1 Kunden har via Netbanks kurslister adgang til forskellige former for kursinformation. Kunden har som udgangspunkt adgang til kurs− information for værdipapirer noteret på NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S fra foruddefinerede kurslister eller kurslister tilpasset af kunden selv. Møns Bank er berettiget til at begrænse kundens adgang til kursinformation.
2.5 Skatteforbehold
2.5.1 Handel med værdipapirer behandles skattemæssigt forskelligt afhængig af blandt andet den pågældende type værdipapir, ejertid mv. Kunden henvises og opfordres til at søge rådgivning om de skattemæssige konsekvenser, som kundens handel med værdipapi− rer måtte have. Kundens skatteforhold er Møns Bank uvedkommen− de, bortset fra at Møns Bank skal foretage indberetning i henhold til de til enhver tid gældende regler.
3. Ordretyper
3.1 MARKEDSORDRE −STRAKS (strakshandel)
3.1.1 Strakspriser
126.96.36.199 Møns Bank stiller i et udvalg af værdipapirer en aktuel kurs på køb og salg. De af Møns Bank stillede kurser afspejler de gæl− dende markedsvilkår for de relevante værdipapirer herunder kursni− veau og omsættelighed i markedet.
188.8.131.52 Møns Bank forbeholder sig ret til løbende at ændre de stillede strakspriser samt til at angive spread i henhold til informationer, som må antages at påvirke markedet, herunder i henhold til kursudviklin− gen på udenlandske børser. Møns Bank stiller som udgangspunkt strakspriser til rådighed i NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S' åbnings− tid og desuden i visse perioder uden for NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S' åbningstid.
184.108.40.206 Strakspriserne opdateres løbende manuelt. I tilfælde af usædvanlige markedsforhold, er Møns Bank berettiget til ikke at stille priser. Såfremt Møns Bank ikke har forpligtelser som systematisk in− ternalisator, har Møns Bank fri adgang til at afbryde kundens adgang til strakspriser.
220.127.116.11 Det fremhæves, at kunden for at se seneste stillede straks− priser, skal opdatere/genindlæse browserens indhold, da priserne som vises ellers kan være forældede, da browseren ikke opdaterer strakspriserne automatisk.
Strakspriser uden for NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S' åbningstid
18.104.22.168 I det omfang der stilles strakspriser til rådighed uden for NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S' åbningstid, gøres kunden op− mærksom på, at der vil være en større risiko for Møns Bank med hensyn til prisstillelsen, hvorfor der kan være et større spread mellem bud/udbud.
3.1.2 Indgåelse af strakshandler
22.214.171.124 Når kunden ønsker at handle på en strakspris, vil kunden som udgangspunkt få effektueret handlen på den stillede strakspris, medmindre markedsforholdene har ændret sig, inden Møns Bank modtager transaktionen. Såfremt markedsforholdene har ændret sig til gunst for kunden vil ordren blive effektueret til den gunstigere kurs. Såfremt markedsforholdene har ændret sig til ugunst for kunden vil strakshandlen ikke blive gennemført, men kunden vil få tilbudt en ny pris, som afspejler de ændrede markedsforhold, og som kunden har mulighed for at handle på.
3.1.3 Kontrol
126.96.36.199 Såfremt Møns Bank accepterer en afgiven ordre, effektueres handlen. Effektuerede strakshandler vil fremgå af oversigten "Uaf− viklede handler", som kunden altid bør kontrollere med henblik på at sikre, at effektuering er sket i overensstemmelse med kundens ordre. Kunden skal kontrollere indholdet af de notaer, Møns Bank gør til− gængelige for kunden elektronisk eller i papirform. Kunden skal uden ophold gøre Møns Bank opmærksom på, hvis en nota ikke er i over− ensstemmelse med den afgivne ordre.
3.1.4 Sletning/annullering
188.8.131.52 Ordrer, der er afsendt af kunden, kan ikke annulleres/tilba− gekaldes.
3.1.5 Åbningstider, tidsfrister, handelsomkostninger mv. for strakshandler
184.108.40.206 Handelsomkostninger, åbningstider, tidsfrister mv. for straks− handel fremgår af Møns Banks vilkår for handel med værdipapirer.
220.127.116.11 I det omfang Møns Banks vilkår for handel med værdipapirer ikke er fraveget i ovenstående supplerer disse bestemmelserne i pkt. 3.1.
3.2 LIMITERET ORDRE −BØRS (børshandel)
3.2.1 Generelt
18.104.22.168 Kunden kan for udvalgte værdipapirer vælge at lade Møns Bank videreformidle kundens ordre til handel direkte i NASDAQ's handelssystemer. Møns Bank er berettiget til diskretionært at ind− skrænke kundens adgang til indlæggelse af ordrer om køb og salg som børshandel for så vidt angår visse værdipapirer.
3.2.2 Afgivelse af ordrer
22.214.171.124 Kunden kan afgive ordrer om køb eller salg af værdipapirer i Netbanks åbningstid. Ordrerne formidles dog kun til handel på NAS− DAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S i NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S' åb− ningstid, såfremt værdipapiret handles på NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S på dagen.
126.96.36.199 Ordrer skal afgives af kunden med limitkurs dvs. ved salg med angivelse af minimumskurs og ved køb med angivelse af mak− simumskurs. Den af kunden fastsatte limitering må ikke afvige væ− sentligt fra senest handlede kurs og/eller slutkurs. Ved væsentlige afvigelser kan en ordre blive afvist.
188.8.131.52 Ordrer skal afgives med en udløbsdato. Ordren er herefter gyldig i perioden fra datoen for ordrens afgivelse til udløbsdatoen. Ved udløb af ordrens sidste gyldighedsdag vil ordren blive slettet i det omfang, den ikke er handlet.
184.108.40.206 Såfremt der er suspension i et givet værdipapir på NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S, kan der ikke afgives ordrer i værdipapiret. Såfremt kunden forinden har registreret en ordre i et sådant værdi− papir, vil ordren automatisk blive slettet, og kunden henvises til ved suspensionens ophør at indlægge en ny ordre, såfremt dette ønskes.
220.127.116.11 Såfremt kundens ordre ikke overholder NASDAQ OMX Co− penhagen A/S' regler for handel i NASDAQ's handelssystemer, kan ordren blive afvist.
18.104.22.168 Afgives ordren som beskrevet i 22.214.171.124 −126.96.36.199, lægges or− dren ud på NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S, jf. dog 3.2.5, og ordren gennemføres, såfremt der kan findes en modsvarende ordre på NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S. Møns Bank indestår ikke for at kundens ordre kan handles.
3.2.3 Kontrol/overvågning
188.8.131.52 Korrekt indlagte ordrer vil fremgå af oversigten "Ordrer på børsen". Når kunden har indlagt en ordre, bør kunden altid kontrol− lere oversigten for at sikre, at ordren er blevet korrekt behandlet/re− gistreret på NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S. Kunden gøres opmærksom på, at der kan være en vis transaktionstid fra ordren af− gives til den fremgår af oversigten.
184.108.40.206 Kunden bør, når en ordre udløber, jf. 220.127.116.11, altid kontrollere oversigten "Ordrer på børsen" med henblik på at sikre, at udløbet er blevet korrekt behandlet/registreret på NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S. Kunden bør tillige kontrollere oversigten "Uafviklede handler" for at kontrollere, hvor stor en del af ordren, der eventuelt er blevet handlet inden udløb.
18.104.22.168 Kunden opfordres endvidere til løbende at overvåge afgivne ordrer for at sikre, at markedsforholdene herunder kursudviklingen mv. ikke ændrer kundens forudsætninger for ordreafgivelsen eller har medført automatisk sletning af kundens ordre, se om suspension i pkt. 22.214.171.124.
126.96.36.199 Kunden skal kontrollere indholdet af de notaer, Møns Bank gør tilgængelige for kunden elektronisk eller i papirform. Kunden skal uden ophold gøre Møns Bank opmærksom på, hvis en nota ikke er i overensstemmelse med den afgivne ordre.
3.2.4 Sletning/ændring
188.8.131.52 Kunden har adgang til at indsende en sletningsanmodning for den aktuelle ordre. Sletningsanmodning kan indsendes i Netbanks åbningstid, jf. Møns Banks vilkår for handel med værdipapirer. Kun− den kan risikere at yderligere handel har fundet sted, efter at slet− ningsanmodningen er afsendt og inden sletning finder sted. Efter sletning sker der afregning af den eventuelt handlede del af ordren. For såvidt angår kundens adgang til at slette ordrer henledes op− mærksomheden på ansvarsfraskrivelsen i pkt. 5 i Aftale om Netbank værdipapirhandel.
184.108.40.206 Kunden bør efter sletning af en ordre altid kontrollere over− sigten "Ordrer på børsen" med henblik på at sikre, at ordren er slettet på NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S. Endvidere opfordres kunden til i oversigten "Uafviklede handler" at kontrollere hvor stor en del af or− dren, der eventuelt er blevet handlet inden sletning.
220.127.116.11 Afgivne ordrer kan ikke ændres.
3.2.5 Risikoline
18.104.22.168 Såfremt kunden har adgang til limiteret ordre −børs, har kun− den, med mindre andet aftales særskilt med Møns Bank, adgang til at indlægge ordrer på NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S svarende til en samlet kursværdi, som fremgår af Møns Banks vilkår for handel med værdipapirer. Indlægger kunden ordrer udover dette maksi− mum, er Møns Bank berettiget til vilkårligt, uden ansvar, at slette kundens ordrer på NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S. Kursværdien opgøres som bruttokursværdien af samtlige købs−og salgsordrer indlagt af kunden.
3.2.6 Afbrydelse af kundens adgang
22.214.171.124 Møns Bank forbeholder sig ret til uden ansvar frit og til enhver tid at afbryde kundens adgang til at foretage børshandel. Møns Bank forbeholder sig endvidere ret til at kontrollere de hos kunden instal− lerede tekniske systemer og dataforbindelser, samt alle øvrige for− hold der kan have betydning for børshandlen.
126.96.36.199 Afbrydes kundens adgang, er Møns Bank berettiget, men ikke forpligtet, til at slette afgivne ordrer. Ønsker kunden at sikre sig, at afgivne ordrer slettes, skal der ske særskilt henvendelse til Møns Bank herom. Slettede ordrer skal, såfremt dette ønskes, afgives på ny når/hvis adgangen retableres. I tilfælde af, at en ordre på afbry− delsestidspunktet er delhandlet, er Møns Bank berettiget til at afreg− ne den handlede del af ordren og slette restordren, såfremt dette er muligt.
3.2.7 Åbningstider, tidsfrister, handelsomkostninger mv. for børshandel
188.8.131.52 Med hensyn til handelsomkostninger, åbningstider, tidsfrister mv. for børshandel henvises der til Møns Banks vilkår for handel med værdipapirer.
3.3 MARKEDSORDRE
3.3.1 Kunden har mulighed for elektronisk at indlægge ordrer om køb og salg af værdipapirer til markedskurs. Kunden kan fastsætte en fremtidig dato, på hvilken ordren ønskes afregnet. Møns Bank er be− rettiget til diskretionært at indskrænke kundens adgang til indlæg− gelse af ordrer om køb og salg til markedskurs for så vidt angår visse værdipapirer.
3.3.2 For markedsordrer henvises til/gælder afsnittet om markedsor− drer i Møns Banks vilkår for handel med værdipapirer, som kan ses på Møns Banks hjemmeside.
3.3.3 Møns Bank er ikke forpligtet til at afregne markedsordrer, så− fremt værdipapiret ikke kan erhverves eller afhændes i markedet.
3.3.4 Kontrol
184.108.40.206 Kunden opfordres efter afgivelse af ordrer til at kontrollere oversigten "Uafviklede handler" med henblik på at sikre, at ordren er korrekt registreret. Kunden skal kontrollere indholdet af de notaer, Møns Bank gør tilgængelige for kunden elektronisk eller i papirform. Kunden skal uden ophold gøre Møns Bank opmærksom på, hvis en nota ikke er i overensstemmelse med den afgivne ordre.
3.3.5 Sletning/ændring
220.127.116.11 Markedsordrer kan som udgangspunkt ikke slettes. En mar− kedsordre kan dog slettes elektronisk af kunden, så længe ordren har status "Ikke behandlet". Herudover kan kunden kontakte Møns Bank (kontoførende filial) med henblik på at undersøge, om en given ordre kan slettes.
18.104.22.168 Afgivne ordrer kan ikke ændres.
3.4 LIMITERET ORDRE
3.4.1 Ordrer om køb og salg kan eventuelt afgives med limitering som en limiteret ordre. Herved forstås at kunden i sin ordre angiver en maksimumskurs, der ønskes købt til eller en minimumskurs, der øn− skes solgt til. En limiteret ordre skal indlægges i systemet med gyl− dighed for en fremtidig periode. Såfremt en ordre ikke er effektueret inden gyldighedsperiodens udløb slettes ordren automatisk.
3.4.2 Møns Bank kan fastsætte grænser for, hvor meget en limitkurs må afvige fra aktuelt bud/udbud. Hvis kundens ordre ligger uden for en sådan fastsat grænse, er Møns Bank berettiget til at nægte at modtage ordren eller til at slette den. Møns Bank er berettiget til dis− kretionært at indskrænke kundens adgang til indlæggelse af ordrer om køb og salg til limitkurs for så vidt angår visse værdipapirer.
3.4.3 For limiterede ordrer henvises til/gælder afsnittet om limiterede ordrer i Møns Banks vilkår for handel med værdipapirer, som kan ses på Møns Banks hjemmeside.
3.4.4 Møns Bank er ikke forpligtet til at effektuere limiterede ordrer, såfremt værdipapiret ikke kan afhændes eller erhverves i markedet under iagttagelse af limitkurs og mængde.
3.4.5 Kontrol
22.214.171.124 Kunden opfordres efter afgivelse af ordrer til at kontrollere oversigten "Uafviklede handler" med henblik på at sikre, at ordren er korrekt registreret. Kunden skal kontrollere indholdet af de notaer, Møns Bank gør tilgængelige for kunden elektronisk eller i papirform. Kunden skal uden ophold gøre Møns Bank opmærksom på, hvis en nota ikke er i overensstemmelse med den afgivne ordre.
3.4.6 Sletning/ændring
126.96.36.199 Limiterede ordrer kan som udgangspunkt ikke slettes. En or− dre kan dog slettes elektronisk af kunden, så længe ordren har status "Ikke behandlet". Herudover kan kunden kontakte Møns Bank (kon− toførende filial) med henblik på at undersøge, om en given ordre kan slettes.
188.8.131.52 Afgivne ordrer kan ikke ændres.
4. Særlige betingelser
4.1 Kontant forbehold/køb
4.1.1 Ved kundens køb af værdipapirer tager Møns Bank kontantfor− behold, hvorved forstås, at Møns Banks levering af værdipapirer er betinget af, at Møns Bank modtager endelig betaling for afregnings− beløbet senest på afviklingsdagen.
4.1.2 Såfremt Møns Bank ikke modtager endelig dækning for afreg− ningsbeløbet, er Møns Bank berettiget til straks og uden varsel, at tilbageføre kundens køb. Kunden er ansvarlig for eventuelle tab og omkostninger i den forbindelse. Der henvises i øvrigt til Møns Banks almindelige forretningsbetingelser for henholdsvis privat−og er− hvervskunder vedrørende Møns Banks modregningsadgang.
4.2 Forbehold om ejendomsret/salg
4.2.1 Ved kundens salg af værdipapirer er Møns Banks betaling af afregningsbeløbet betinget af, at Møns Bank får ubetinget ejen− domsret over værdipapirerne på afviklingsdagen. Værdipapirer regi− streret i VP SECURITIES skal være registreret på kundens depot senest børsdagen før afviklingsdagen. Udenlandske værdipapirer skal være registreret og tilgængelige i overensstemmelse med det pågældende markeds betingelser for at sikre rettidig afvikling. På disse tidspunkter må der ikke være registreret rettigheder over vær− dipapirerne, der strider mod salget, for eksempel pantsætning −eller købte værdipapirer, der ikke er til kundens disposition, herunder for eksempel at obligationerne er udtrukket.
4.3 Kundens dispositionsret
4.3.1 Ved værdipapirer registreret i VP SECURITIES kan kunden ved kontantforbehold først disponere over betalte værdier på 2. da− gen efter afviklingsdagen, medmindre Møns Bank annullerer kon− tantforbeholdet. Øvrige værdipapirer kan kunden disponere over, når endelig betaling til Møns Bank har fundet sted, idet kunden dog gøres opmærksom på, at udenlandske værdipapirer kan være un− derlagt særlige forhold. Oplysninger herom kan fås ved henvendelse til Møns Bank.
4.4 Salg af obligationer
4.4.1 Afgiver kunden ordre om salg af obligationer, der er udtrukne, gennemføres handlen for de ikke udtrukne obligationer, som findes i depotet. Møns Bank foretager erstatningskøb −svarende til de ud− trukne obligationer −til dagskurs −og med beregning af sædvanlige omkostninger. Kunden betaler et eventuelt tab i forbindelse hermed.
4.5 Køb af værdipapirer til individuelle pensionsdepoter
4.5.1 I henhold til lovgivningen gælder der særlige regler for anbrin− gelse af pensionsmidler. Kunden kan blandt andet maksimalt placere 20% af sin samlede opsparing på ratepensioner, kapitalpensioner, selvpensioner og aldersopsparing i det samme pengeinstitut i nær− mere bestemte børsnoterede værdipapirer udstedt af det samme selskab. Ved beregningen af grænsen i forbindelse med at kunden afgiver en konkret ordre, skal kursværdien af en eventuel bestående beholdning i det konkrete selskab tillægges kursværdien af de af or− dren omfattede værdipapirer.
4.5.2 Uanset 4.5.1 kan kunden placere det maksimale årlige indskud på en kapitalpension i værdipapirer udstedt af samme selskab.
4.5.3 Kunden må endvidere ikke afgive ordrer på værdipapirer i det omfang dette medfører, at kunden opnår mere end 50% af stemme− retten eller aktiekapitalen i et givet selskab. Kunden er forpligtet til at oplyse Møns Bank om kundens samlede aktiebesiddelse i det på− gældende aktieselskab.
4.5.4 Det er endvidere i lovgivningen fastsat, hvilke værdipapirer midler i individuelle pensionsdepoter kan placeres i.
4.5.5 Ovenstående regler for placering af pensionsmidler er alene gengivet i hovedtræk. Nærmere oplysninger om reglerne for place− ring af pensionsdepotmidler kan fås ved henvendelse i Møns Bank.
4.5.6 Kunden er ved værdipapirhandel via Netbank forpligtet til at kontrollere, at en ordre ikke vil medføre, at begrænsningerne for pensionsmidlernes placering overskrides. Kunden skal i tvivlstilfælde rette henvendelse til Møns Bank. Møns Bank kan ikke drages til an− svar for tab som følge af, at kunden overskrider de ovennævnte be− grænsninger for pensionsmidlernes placering i forbindelse med værdipapirhandel via Netbank.
4.6 Sletning af ordrer i forbindelse med ændring af stamdata mv.
4.6.1 Såfremt NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S eller andre markeder foretager ændringer i stamdata vedrørende værdipapirer, der kan handles via Netbank, er Møns Bank berettiget til at slette kundens endnu ikke effektuerede ordrer i de værdipapirer, som ændringen vedrører. Ændringer i stamdata kan blandt andet vedrøre fondskode, stykstørrelse, kapitalstruktur, selskabsstruktur, noteringsvilkår m.v. Sletning af kundens ordrer vil fremgå af oversigten "Uafviklede handler" i Netbank.
4.7 Fejlhandler
4.7.1 Møns Bank kan i henhold til branchekutyme være nødsaget til at annullere allerede indgåede handler, såfremt der er tale om fejl− handel. Ved fejlhandel forstås handler, hvor der i forbindelse med tilvejebringelsen, afsætningen eller prisfastsættelsen på NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S eller andre fondsbørser/autoriserede mar− kedspladser har været tale om en fejl, og hvor modparten reklamerer straks.
4.8 Afbrydelse af kundens adgang
4.8.1 Møns Bank er berettiget til, uden ansvar, at afbryde kundens adgang til systemet, såfremt kunden misligholder denne aftale som defineret i pkt. 1.3 i Aftale om Netbank værdipapirhandel, i tilfælde af systemfejl, ved mistanke om insider trading, såfremt der opstår force majeure lignende forhold eller såfremt det af Møns Bank skøn− nes, at Møns Banks samlede eksponering i enkelte markeder over− skrider, hvad der er forsvarligt, når der henses til Møns Banks afviklingsrisiko.
4.8.2 Afbrydes kundens adgang er Møns Bank berettiget, men ikke forpligtet, til at slette afgivne ordrer. Ønsker kunden at sikre sig, at afgivne ordrer slettes, skal der ske særskilt henvendelse til Møns Bank herom. Slettede ordrer skal, såfremt dette ønskes, afgives på ny når/hvis adgangen retableres. I tilfælde af, at en ordre på afbry− delsestidspunktet er delhandlet, er Møns Bank berettiget til at afreg− ne den handlede del af ordren og slette restordren, såfremt dette er muligt.
5. Brug, opbevaring og videregivelse af personlige oplysninger og oplysninger om køb og salg
5.1 Kunden samtykker til, at Møns Bank registrerer de oplysninger, som er nødvendige for at gennemføre en ordre. Det drejer sig om følgende oplysninger:
CPR−nummer,CVR−nummer,kontonummer, depotnummer, dato og tidspunkt, beløb, kurser, fondskode og mængde.
5.2 Registerede oplysninger opbevares i Møns Bank i 5 år, og an− vendes til bogføring, kontoudskrifter og fondsnotaer. Oplysningerne videregives kun hvor lovgivningen kræver det, eller til brug for even− tuelle retssager mellem kunden og Møns Bank.
6. Kundens ansvar
6.1 Der henvises til Vilkår for Netbank pkt. 4.
6.2 Kunden gøres opmærksom på, at insiderhandel og markedsma− nipulation er ulovligt i henhold til kapitel 2 i forordningen om mar− kedsmisbrug, herunder at det ikke er tilladt kunden at påvirke strakshandelskursen ved selv at lægge modsatrettede ordrer ud på det marked, hvor kunden ønsker at købe eller sælge værdipapirer. Det er ved flere domme i landsretten slået fast, at en sådan adfærd udgør markedsmanipulation, hvilket er en overtrædelse af forordnin− gen om markedsmisbrug. Markedsmanipulation straffes med bøde eller fængsel.
7. Pengeinstituttets ansvar
7.1 Der henvises til Vilkår for Netbank pkt. 5 og 6.
8. Ændring af vilkår, systemet, handelsomkostnin− ger mv.
8.1 Denne aftale kan ændres med 1 måneds varsel. Ændringerne kan varsles elektronisk.
Side 8 af 8
9. Opsigelse
9.1 Kunden kan til enhver tid skriftligt opsige aftalen med Møns Bank, og uden varsel udtræde af systemet.
9.2 Møns Bank kan opsige aftalen med 1 måneds varsel, jf. dog pkt. 3.2.6 vedrørende børshandel. I tilfælde af kundens misligholdelse er Møns Bank dog berettiget til at ophæve aftalen uden varsel.
9.3 Møns Bank forbeholder sig ret til at gennemføre ordrer, som ikke er slettet af kunden ved aftalens ophør.
10. Klageadgang
10.1 Der henvises generelt til Vilkår for Netbank. | <urn:uuid:7e3fb74f-f398-4d38-a143-0605d409c2ab> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/dan_Latn/train | finepdfs | dan_Latn | 34,218 |
SMOKY LAKE COUNTY
A G E N D A: County Council Meeting
for the purpose of Departmental Operations to be held on
Wednesday,
December 12, 2018
at 1:00 o'clock P.M.
in the County Council Chambers, Smoky Lake.
1. Meeting:
Call to Order
2. Agenda:
Acceptance of Agenda: as presented or subject to additions or deletions
3. Minutes:
No minutes.
4. Request for Discussion:
Public Works:
4.1 Waskatenau Creek Flood Control - Review. ©
Planning and Development:
4.2 Policy Statement No. 61-11-04: Planning and Development Fees. ©
4.3 Smoky Lake County Regional Heritage Board 2018 Summary. ©
Recommendation:
* Accept 2018 Year-End Report.
* Acknowledge Proposed 2019 Strategies and advise Council as initiatives proceed.
Legislative:
4.4 Federal Government – one third Tax Exemption: Removal (Reference Policy Statement No. 08-18-05: Council Remuneration and Expenses) October 25, 2018 – Motion 72-18 - To discuss. *Note: included is the RMA "Removal of the Tax Exemption" handout.
GIS/Communication:
4.5 Drone Policy - To be distributed at the meeting.
5. Issues for Information:
6. Correspondence(s):
7. Delegation(s):
1. Shane Pospisil, New West Industries @ 1:00 p.m. – Re: Industrial Park and Biodiesel.
8. Executive Session:
Adjournment
1 | <urn:uuid:69503c21-c5b4-493d-9f11-c4b5f88a7e70> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 1,270 |
KAUSIKONSERTTI
KAUSIKONSERTTI
Kauniita unia
Ohjelma
Rumon Gamba kapellimestari Benjamin Hulett tenori
Gustav Mahler (1860–1911):
What the Wild Flowers Tell Me, sov. Benjamin Britten (1893–96/1941)
Benjamin Britten (1913–1976):
On a Poet's Lips I Slept (Percy Bysshe Shelley) The Kraken (Alfred Tennyson) Encinctured with a twine of leaves (Samuel Taylor Coleridge) Midnight's Bell (Thomas Middleton) But that night when on my bed I lay (William Wordsworth) The Kind Ghosts (Wilfred Owen) Sleep and Poetry (John Keats) Sonnet XLIII (William Shakespeare)
Nocturne op. 60 (1958)
Pjotr Tšaikovski (1840–1893):
Sinfonia nro 5 e-molli op. 64 (1888) Andante – Allegro Andante cantabile Valssi Andante maestoso
Kesto noin 2 h (sis. väliajan)
Kauniita unia
Benjamin Britten oli jo teinivuosina ihastunut Gustav Mahlerin musiikkiin, mikä voi olla hieman yllättävä tieto, sillä hänen oma musiikkinsa harvoin pyrki Mahlerin tyyppisiin mittoihin ja sfääreihin. Vuonna 1941, 28-vuotiaana, varhain pasifistiksi julistautunut Britten sovitti Mahlerin kolmannen sinfonian toisen osan pienemmälle orkesterille. Sinfonian massiivisen ja jotenkin väkivaltaisen ensimmäisen osan jälkeen Mahler nimesi menuetin tyyli sen toisen osan "Kedon kukiksi" ja laati siihen ohjelman, jonka paljasti vain joillekin ystävilleen. Tässä ohjelmassa kesä herää, ja sen jälkeen kuunnellaan, mitä kedon kukat, metsän eläimet, ihminen, enkelit ja rakkaus kertovat meille. Osan sovittaminen oli Britteniltä ilmiselvä rauhan ele keskellä sotaa, jota hän pakeni Yhdysvaltoihin keväällä 1939 palatak seen kuitenkin koti-ikävää potien takaisin jo 1942.
tuotti merkittävän laulutuotannon sekä lukuisia oopperoita, joissa usein on keskeinen tenorirooli. Nocturne on Brittenin neljäs laulusarja orkesterille. Sekin liittyy löyhästi Mahleriin, sillä sarja on omistettu Alma Mahlerille, säveltäjän leskelle. Sarjan kokoonpano on poikkeuksellinen, sillä soittimina ovat huilu, englannintorvi, klarinetti, fagotti, harppu, käyrätorvi ja patarummut – ei siis millään muotoa tavanomainen kokoonpano.
Britten ei paennut Yhdysvaltoihin yksinomaan sotaa. Vuonna 1937 hän oli tutustunut elämänkumppaniinsa, tenori Peter Pearsiin, ja pariskunnan julkinen homoseksuaalisuus vaikutti negatiivisesti säveltäjän uran etenemiseen. Yhteistyö Pearsin kanssa
Laulusarjan nimi viittaa yöhön, uneen – ja rauhaan. Säveltäjä valitsi huolella seitsemän runoa eri runoilijoilta sillä ajatuksella, että jokaisen symboliikka sopii sarjan teemaan. Yhdessä ne ovat enemmän kuin yksittäiset runot, kun niistä rakentuu jatkumolta vaikuttava kokonaisuus. Musiikillisesti osia yhdis tää rauhallinen, keinuva rytmi, kuin kehtolaulussa. Esimerkkinä tekstien symboliikasta käy sarjan kuudes runoilija Wilfred Owen (1893–1918), joka oli myös sotilas ja ensimmäisen maailmansodan kauhujen tunnetuimpia kuvaajia Britanniassa. The Kind Ghosts ei kuulu hänen tuotantonsa tunnetuimpiin runoihin, ja se poikkeaa selvästi hänen usein juoksuhautoihin ja sodan realismiin keskit tyvistä teksteistään. Runo kertoo
3
4
Tšaikovski kätkee henkilökohtaisen elämänsä salat sanattomaan soitinmusiikkiin tavalla, joka puhuttelee kuulijaa, vaikka viesti on hämärä.
monin vertauskuvin siitä, kuinka ihmisillä kotimaan turvassa ei ole aavistustakaan sodan painajaismaisesta todellisuudesta.
Runo luo keijukaismaisen kuvan naishahmosta, joka nukkuu palatsissaan ymmärtämättä, että kaikki mitä hänellä on, on maksettu kuningaskunnan puolesta henkensä antanei den nuorten miesten verellä. On arveltu, että naishahmo on allegoria Britanniasta, ja että se symboloisi ihmisiä kotimaassa kaukana sodasta. Nuorten miesten kuolemat takaavat hänen suloisen rauhallisen unensa, mutta kaatuneiden haamut eivät kuitenkaan tule läpi palatsin seinien häntä häiritsemään. Ei, vaikka "hänen seinänsä on nuorista pojista ja tuomioiden tuomioista rakennettu". Poika-sanan käytöllä runoilija korostaa, että taistelukentillä kuolleista monet olivat kovin nuoria, poikasia vasta. Owenin runon ruusut ovat Englannin vertauskuva ja puutarhat viittaus uhrauksiin, joista kodin rauhassa olevilla ei ole mitään käsitystä.
1880-luvun lopulla Pjotr Tšaikovskilla meni pitkästä aikaa hyvin. Hänelle alkoi sataa suosion- ja kunnianosoituksia, ja hänen asemansa Venäjän johtavana säveltäjänä oli kiistaton. Hän oli vihdoin voittanut myös esiintymispelkonsa ja johti yhä useammin konsertteja eri puolilla Eurooppaa. Omien sävellystensä lisäksi hän otti aina ohjelmistoon myös muuta venäläistä musiikkia, jolle oli kasvava kysyntä keskieurooppalaisissa kon serttisaleissa. Henkilökohtainen mesenaatti Nadežda von Meck maksoi yhä kuukausittain avustusta suojatilleen, minkä lisäksi hänelle myönnettiin loppuelämäksi vuotuinen eläkkeeksi kutsuttu valtion taiteilijaapuraha. Katastrofaalinen, vain viikkoja kestänyt avioliitto oli yhtä kaukana menneisyydessä kuin neljäs sinfonia. Outoa onkin, että kaikesta hyvästä huolimatta Tšaikovskilla tuntui olevan vaikeuksia säveltää uutta sinfoniaa. Neljännen ja viidennen välissä kului aikaa yli kymmenen vuotta.
Emme tiedä, mikä on se jokin vaikeus, jonka säveltäjä voittaa viidennessä sinfoniassa. Mutta kuten niin usein, Tšaikovski kätkee henkilökohtaisen elämänsä salat sanattomaan soitinmusiikkiin tavalla, joka puhuttelee kuulijaa, vaikka viesti on hämärä. Tässä sinfoniassa tuo ajatukset herättävä viesti kuullaan heti sinfonian alussa: surumarssia muistuttava, itseään toistava aihe. Joku on kutsunut sitä kohtalon teemaksi, mutta se voi yhtä hyvin olla vain möykky, jokin piinaavasti toistuva ikävä ajatus, suru, kaiho, ahdistus tai pelko. Se palaa musiikkiin sinfonian jokaisessa osassa ja muuttaa sävyään kuin parhaassa oopperassa niin, että
On a Poet's Lips I Slept
Huomioi, että paikka on vaihtunut. On a poet's lips I slept Dreaming like a love-adept In the sound his breathing kept; Nor seeks nor finds he mortal blisses, But feeds on the aëreal kisses Of shapes that haunt thought's wildernesses. He will watch from dawn to gloom The lake-reflected sun illume The yellow bees in the ivy-bloom, Nor heed nor see, what things they be; But from these create he can Forms more real than living man, Nurslings of immortality! Percy Bysshe Shelley (draamasta Vapautettu Prometheus, 1819)
finaalissa surusta ei ole jälkeäkään. E-molli on kääntynyt E-duuriksi ja alkuteema on voitokas juhlamarssi.
Välissä tapahtuu paljon. Kuullaan yksi musiikinhistorian kauneimmista käyrätorvisooloista, hitaan osan teema, joka tunnetaan useana viihdeversiona, ja saksalaisia kauhistuttanut, scherzon korvaava valssi – ja näidenkin keskelle ilmestyy häiriöteema muistuttamaan siitä tosiasiasta, että elämä ei ole pelkkää valssia ja kauniita teemoja. Maanmiehistään poiketen Johannes Brahms ihastui Tšaikovskin sinfoniasta löytyvään valssiin niin, että tarjosi sen kunniaksi kollegalleen hyvin pitkän ja kostean lounaan Hampurissa.
Runoilijan huulilla nukuin
Runoilijan huulilla nukuin niin kuin rakastunut hänen hengityksensä äänessä unia nähden; Ei hän etsi, ei tavoita kuolevaisten autuuksia, vaan elää ilman suudelmista, olennoista, jotka kummittelevat mielen erämaissa. Päivänkoitosta pimeään hän tuijottaa auringon valoa järven heijastuksessa keltaisia kimalaisia muratin kukassa, havaitsematta ja näkemättä, mitä olioita ovat; Mutta osaa niistä luoda elävää ihmistä todempia hahmoja. Kuolemattomuuden rintalapsia! suom. Hannele Eklund
5
The Kraken
Below the thunders of the upper deep; Far, far beneath in the abysmal sea, His ancient, dreamless, uninvaded sleep The Kraken sleepeth: faintest sunlights flee About his shadowy sides: above him swell Huge sponges of millenial growth and height; And far away into the sickly light, From many a wondrous grot and secret cell Unnumber'd and enormous polypi Winnow with giant arms the slumbering green. There hath he lain for ages and will lie Battening upon huge seaworms in his sleep, Until the latter fire shall heat the deep; Then once by man and angels to be seen, In roaring he shall rise and on the surface die. Alfred Tennyson
Encinctured with a twine of leaves
Encinctured with a twine of leaves, That leafy twine his only dress! A lovely Boy was plucking fruits, By moonlight, in a wilderness. The moon was bright, the air was free, And fruits and flowers together grew On many a shrub and many a tree: And all put on a gentle hue, Hanging in the shadowy air Like a picture rich and rare. It was a climate where, they say, The night is more beloved than day. But who that beauteous Boy beguil'd That beauteous boy to linger here? Alone, by night, a little child, In place so silent and so wild Has he no friend, no loving mother near? Samuel Taylor Coleridge (Kainin vaellukset 1798)
Tursas
Syvällä pinnan myrskyjen alla; Kaukana, kaukana pohjattoman meren alla, Ikiaikaisessa unessa, unitta, häiriöittä nukkuu Tursas: hennoimmat valonsäteet pakenevat sen varjoisilta kyljiltä: sen yllä paisuvat merisienet, tuhatvuotisesta kasvusta ja korkeudesta valtavat; Ja kaukana, kituliaassa valossa, monista ihmeellisistä luolista ja salaisista soluista lukemattomat ja valtavat lonkerot huojuttavat jättiläiskäsivarsien keralla uneliasta vihreää. Siinä se on yli aikojen levännyt ja lepää, ahmien nukkuessaan valtavia merimatoja, Kunnes viimeinen tuli kuumentaa meren syvyydet; Silloin on ihminen ja enkelit kerran näkevä, Kuinka se mylvien nousee ja kuolee pintaan. suom. Hannele Eklund
Lehtilangoin vyötettynä
Lehtilangoin vyötettynä, tuo lehtipunos ainoana vaatteenaan! Suloinen poika hedelmiä poimi, kuunvalossa, metsän siimeksessä. Kuu oli kirkas, ilma kevyt, hedelmät ja kukat yhdessä kasvoivat monessa pensaassa ja monessa puussa: Ja kaikki saivat lempeän sävyn, varjoisassa ilmassa riippuen, kuin runsas ja harvinainen kuva. Se johtuu ilmasta, sanotaan, että yö on päivää rakkaampi. Mutta ketä tuo kaunis poika houkutteli? Tuo suloinen poika, joka viipyilee täällä? Yksin yössä, lapsi vasta, korvessa hiljaisessa ja kesyttömässä? Eikö ystävää hänellä, ei lempeää äitiä lähellä? suom. Hannele Eklund
Midnight Bell
Midnight's bell goes ting, ting, ting, ting, ting, Then dogs do howl, and not a bird does sing But the nightingale, and she cries twit, twit, twit; Owls then on every bough do sit; Ravens croak on chimneys' tops; The cricket in the chamber hops; The nibbling mouse is not asleep, But he goes peep, peep, peep, peep, peep; And the cats cry mew, mew, mew, And still the cats cry mew, mew, mew. Thomas Middleton (komediasta Blurt, Master Constable n. 1601)
But that night when on my bed I lay
But that night
When on my bed I lay, I was most mov'd And felt most deeply in what world I was; With unextinguish'd taper I kept watch, Reading at intervals; the fear gone by Press'd on me almost like a fear to come; I thought of those September Massacres, Divided from me by a little month, And felt and touch'd them, a substantial dread: The rest was conjured up from tragic fictions, And mournful Calendars of true history, Remembrances and dim admonishments. "The horse is taught his manage, and the wind Of heaven wheels round and treads in his own steps, Year follows year, the tide returns again, Day follows day, all things have second birth; The earthquake is not satisfied all at once." And in such way I wrought upon myself, Until I seem'd to hear a voice that cried To the whole City, "Sleep no more." William Wordsworth (The Prelude, 1805)
Keskiyön kello
Keskiyön kello käy ting, ting, ting, ting, ting Koirat ulvovat ja eikä yksikään lintu laula, vain satakieli hihkuu tviit, tviit, tviit; ja joka oksalla istuu pöllö; Korpit raakkuvat piippujen hatuissa; sirkka hyppii kammarissa, hiiri napostelee hereillä, mutta siltä pääsee piip, piip, piip, piip; ja kissa maukuu miau, miau, miau, Ja yhä maukuu miau, miau, miau. suom. Hannele Eklund
Mutta sinä yönä maatessani
Mutta sinä yönä
maatessani vuoteellani, kovin liikutuin ja tunsin syvästi maailman, jossa olin;
sammuttamattoman kynttilän kera pidin vahtia, väliin lukien; menneen pelon
puristaessa kuin tuleva;
Ajattelin noita Syyskuun Surmia, joista minut erotti vain vähäinen kuukausi,
Ja tunsin ja kosketin niitä, mikä valtava kauhu:
loput koottiin surulllisista tarinoista, todellisen historian murheelliset kalenterit,
muistot ja himmeät varoitukset.
"Hevoselle opetetaan hevosen tavat, taivaan tuuli pyörii sen ympärillä, ja se käy omia askeleitaan,
Vuosi seuraa vuotta, vuorovesi vaihtuu, päivä seuraa päivää, olevaiset syntyvät uudelleen;
Maanjäristys ei tyydy yhteen kertaan."
Ja näin mina itseäni muovasin, kunnes kuvittelin kuulevani äänen, joka huusi
kaikelle kaupungille: "Herätkää".
suom. Hannele Eklund
The Kind Ghosts
She sleeps on soft, last breaths; but no ghost looms Out of the stillness of her palace wall Her wall of boys on boys and dooms on dooms.
She dreams of golden gardens and sweet glooms, Not marvelling why her roses never fall Nor what red mouths were torn to make their blooms.
The shades keep down which well might roam her hall. Quiet their blood lies in her crimson rooms And she is not afraid of their footfall.
They move not from her tapestries, their pall, Nor pace her terraces, their hecatombs, Lest aught she be disturbed, or grieved at all. Wilfred Owen
Sleep and Poetry
What is more gentle than a wind in summer? What is more soothing than the pretty hummer That stays one moment in an open flower, And buzzes cheerily from bower to bower? What is more tranquil than a musk-rose blowing In a green island, far from all men's knowing? More healthful than the leafiness of dales? More secret than a nest of nightingales? More serene than Cordelia's countenance? More full of visions than a high romance? What, but thee Sleep? Soft closer of our eyes! Low murmurer of tender lullabies!
Ystävälliset aaveet
Hän nukkuu pehmeät viime henkäykset pieluksenaan;
mutta vailla aaveiden uhkaa palatsin seinien hiljaisuudessa; Hänen seinänsä nuorista pojista ja tuomioiden tuomioista rakennetut.
Hän näkee unia kultaisista puutarhoista ja suloisesta alakulosta, ihmettelemättä mikseivät hänen ruusunsa koskaan kuihdu, tai mitä ruususuita revittiin niiden kukiksi.
Kaihtimet vaientavat sen, mikä saattaisi kuljeskella hänen salissaan. Hiljaisena seisoo heidän verensä hänen karmiininpunaisessa huoneessaan. Eikä hän pelkää heidän askeleittensa ääntä.
Eivät he lähde hänen seinävaatteistaan, paariliinoistaan, eivätkä käyskentele hänen terasseillaan, itsensä uhratessaan. Ettei hän häiriintyisi tai joutuisi suremaan. suom. Hannele Eklund
Unesta ja runoudesta
Mikä on suvituulta lempeämpi? Mikä rauhoittavampaa kuin suloinen hyrinä, joka seisahtuu hetkeksi avoimelle kukalle, ja surisee iloisesti lehdykältä lehdykälle? Mikä olisi rauhaisampaa kuin myskiruusun tuoksu vihreällä saarella, kaukana ihmisten ulottumattomissa? Terveellisempää kuin laaksojen lehvästöt? Salaisempaa kuin satakielen asumukset? Seesteisempää kuin Cordelian kasvot? Täydempi näyistä ja kuin suuresta romanssista? Mitä, mutta nukutko? Suloinen silmiemme sulkija! Hellien kehtolaulujen hiljainen hyräilijä!
Light hoverer around our happy pillows! Wreather of poppy buds, and weeping willows! Silent entangler of a beauty's tresses! Most happy listener! when the morning blesses Thee for enlivening all the cheerful eyes That glance so brightly at the new sunrise. John Keats
Sonet XLIII
When most I wink, then do mine eyes best see, For all the day they view things unrespected; But when I sleep, in dreams they look on thee, And darkly bright, are bright in dark directed.
Then thou, whose shadow shadows doth make bright, How would thy shadow's form form happy show To the clear day with thy much clearer light, When to unseeing eyes thy shade shines so?
How would, I say, mine eyes be blessed made By looking on thee in the living day, When in dead night thy fair imperfect shade Through heavy sleep on sightless eyes doth stay!
All days are nights to see till I see thee, And nights bright days, when dreams do show thee me.
William Shakespeare
Onnellisten pielustemme ympärillä leijailija! Unikon silmu- ja itkupajuseppelten sitoja! Kauneuden solmujen hiljainen palmikoija! Parahin kuulija! Aamun sinut siunatessa kaikkien iloisten silmien elähdyttämisestä niiden katsoessa kirkkaina kohti uutta auringonnousua.
suom. Hannele Eklund
43. sonetti
Syvässä unessa silmäni näkevät selkeimmin: sillä päivisin ne katsovat joutavia, mutta unessa ne näkevät sinut ja loistavat, katsellessaan kirkkauttasi pimeydessä.
Kuinka siis sinä, joka pelkällä varjollasi valaiset pimeyden, ilmestyisit päivääkin kirkkaampana, sinä, jonka pelkkä varjo loistaa kirkkaana sokeille silmille?
Miten siunatut olisivat silmäni nähdessään sinut täydessä valossa, kun ne jo katsovat kaunista kuvaasi, vaikka uni on painavana niiden yllä.
Jokainen päivä on kuin pimeä yö, kunnes sinut näen. Ja yöt kirkkaita kuin päivät, kun uneni sinut näyttävät.
suom. Hannele Eklund
10
Rumon Gamba kapellimestari
Oulu Sinfonian ylikapellimestari Rumon Gamba tuntee Pohjoismaat. Hän on toiminut ruotsalaisen Norlannin oopperan, Tanskan Aalborgin sinfoniaorkesterin ja Islannin sinfoniaorkesterin ylikapellimestarina.
Musiikkiopintonsa Gamba aloitti Durhamin yliopistossa KoillisEnglannissa ja jatkoi kapellimestariopintoihin Lontoon Kuninkaalliseen musiikkiakatemiaan. Kapellimestariuransa hän aloitti vuonna 1998 BBC:n filharmonisessa orkesterissa aluksi assistenttina ja sittemmin kapellimestarikumppanina aina vuoteen 2002. Gamban eksoottiselta vaikuttava sukunimi juontaa juurensa Italiaan, hänen suvussaan on italialaista, espanjalaista ja ranskalaista verta. Etunimi puolestaan on vanha kelttiläinen nimi Cornwallin seudulta.
Ooppera- ja nykymusiikkikapellimestarina arvostettu Rumon Gamba on johtanut merkittäviä ensi-iltoja ja kantaesityksiä kuten Nico Muhlyn Two Boys -oopperan (2011) Englannin Kansallisoopperassa ja Brett Deanin alttoviulukonserton BBC: n sinfoniaorkesterin kanssa (2005). Hän vierailee säännöllisesti BBC:n orkestereiden kapellimestarina, ja on siten myös Proms-festivaalin vakiovierailija. Rumon Gamba on tehnyt useita äänitteitä Chandos-levymerkille. Klassisen orkesterikirjallisuuden lisäksi hän on levyttänyt runsaasti elokuvamusiikkia.
Benjamin Hulett tenori
Oxfordin yliopistosta valmistunut ja Guildall School of Music and Dramassa opiskellut Benjamin Hulett kuuluu BBC Proms -festivaalin vakiovierailijoihin. Hän kuului Hampurin valtionoopperan solistikuntaan vuosina 2005–2009, ja on arvostetuimpien kansainvälisten oopperatalojen vakiovieras. Tuoreimpia hänen esiintymisistään ovat olleet mm. Deutsche Oper Berlinin Kesäyön unelma -ooppera, Don Ottavion rooli Dresdenin Semperoperin Don Giovanni -tuotannossa ja Covent Gardenin Taikahuilussa.
Kysyttynä konserttisolistina Hulett on tehnyt yhteistyötä Los Angeles Philharmonicin, Bostonin ja Montrealin sinfoniaorkestereiden ja Berliinin filharmonian kanssa huippukapellimestarien kuten Kent Naganon, Simon Rattlen, Trevor Pinnockin, Vladmir Jurowskin ja Roger Norringtonin johdolla. Benjamin Hulettin tekemät äänitteet ovat saaneet useita ehdokkuuksia ja palkintoja, myöntäjinä muiden muassa arvostetut BBC Music Magazine, Gramophone, Grammy, L'Orfée d'Or and Diapason -julkaisut.
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12
KAUSIKONSERTTI
Tabula Rasa
Torstai 14.4. klo 19.00 Madetojan sali
Risto Joost kapellimestari Harry Traksmann viulu Robert Traksmann viulu
KAUSIKONSERTTI
¡Viva España!
Torstai 21.4. klo 19.00 Madetojan sali
Daniela Musca kapellimestari Ismo Eskelinen kitara
KAMARIKONSERTTI
Kamarikonsertti III: Maailmojen rajoilla
Perjantai 22.4. klo 17.00 Tulindbergin sali Lauantai 23.4. klo 16.00 Oulunsalon nuorisoseura
Oulu Sinfonian Kamarimuusikot Ismo Eskelinen kitara
OULU SINFONIAN MUUSIKOT
I VIULU
Lasse Joamets, I konserttimestari Mikko Sorri, I konserttimestari Heidi Ilmolahti, äj * Nadya Pugacheva, väj * Romuald Gwardak Johanna Korhonen Tiina Kortelainen Oksana Kumpulainen Virva Pietilä Ismo Sirén Anna Szilágyi *
II VIULU
Maija Wesslund, äj * Anita Virkkala, väj * Laura Kangas Anna-Briitta Karjalainen * Sari Karppinen Marjukka Lahes Aino Liikanen * Ewa Pawlowska * Toni Tuovinen
ALTTOVIULU
Johanna Tuikka, äj Susanna Nietula, väj Matti Mietola * Helinä Nissi Anna-Maija Rousselle Jari Välimäki
Arto Alikoski, soolosellisti Greta Ernesaks, äj * Juhana Ritakorpi, väj Anna Liukkonen Janne Varis Harri Österman
KONTRABASSO
Antoine Greuzard, äj Anne Seppänen, väj Fanni Hoppari Juha Nääppä
HUILU
Albert Stupak, äj Emma Tessier, väj Carlotta Petri
OBOE
Matti Kettunen, äj Paula Nurila, väj Antti Turtiainen
KLARINETTI
Markku Korhonen, äj Michał Konopiński, väj Kenneth Sjöwall
FAGOTTI
Eri Ikeda, äj Ann-Louise Wägar, väj Lorenzo Leone
SELLO
KÄYRÄTORVI
Lauri Vasala, äj Matias Nässi, väj Pasi Salminen Jukka Yletyinen
TRUMPETTI
Jukka-Pekka Peltoniemi, äj * Inka Pärssinen, väj * Katja Lasser *
PASUUNA
Erkki Hirsimäki, äj Jukka Myllys, väj Wen Hong Low
TUUBA
Ilkka Marttila, äj *
PATARUMMUT Alejandro Martín Agustín, äj *
LYÖMÄSOITTIMET
Marcus Ström, äj
HARPPU
Katri Tikka *
14
Oulu Sinfonia on maamme pohjoisin sinfoniaorkesteri. Konsertoimme viikoittain Oulun musiikkikeskuksen Madetojan salissa. Orkesteri aloitti toimintansa vuonna 1937, sai oikeuden käyttää kaupunginorkesterin nimeä vuonna 1954 ja kunnallistettiin vuonna 1961. Nykyinen nimi otettiin käyttöön vuonna 2005.
Kausikonsertit ovat orkesterin vahva perusta. Ohjelmiston täydentävät erilaiset konserttisisällöt kuten oopperat ja näyttämöproduktiot, elokuvakonsertit, etno- ja jazzmusiikki ja muut rytmimusiikin konsertit. Lapsille ja nuorille on säännöllistä tarjontaa. Viime vuosina syyskausi on alkanut jalkautumiskonserteilla palvelutaloihin ja kouluihin koko Oulun alueella.
Orkesterin levytyksiin lukeutuvat mm. Leevi Madetojan koko orkesterituotanto ja Okon Fuoko -balettipantomiimin levytys Arvo Volmerin johtamana. Nimikkosäveltäjänä vuosina 1997–2009 olleen Olli Kortekankaan ooppera Messenius ja Lucia sain ensi-iltansa syksyllä 2005, ja samalla ooppera levytettiin Volmerin johdolla. Vuonna 2009 ilmestyi Mozartin aarioita ja alkusoittoja sisältävä levy, jonka kapellimestarina on Dmitri Slobodenioukin ja solistina Helena
Juntunen. Keväällä 2013 ilmestyi Kimmo Hakolan ja Toshio Hosokawan kitarakonsertot sisältävä levy, solistina Timo Korhonen ja kapellimestarina Santtu-Matias Rouvali. Lokakuussa 2016 Ondine julkaisi Klamin ja Englundin viulukonserttojen levytyksen, jonka Oulu Sinfonia teki viulutaiteilija Benjamin Schmidin kanssa Johannes Gustavssonin johdolla. Syyskuussa 2021 ilmestyi Kaiken maailman kehtolauluja -levy, joka sisältää Ismo Alangon tuotantoa, levytyksen johti Jaakko Kuusisto. Marraskuussa 2021 ilmestyi Sininen Pallo -lastenlevy, jossa mukana ovat Tuomo Rannankari sekä Teuvo Pakkalan musiikkiluokat ja kapellimestarina Jaakko Jauhiainen.
Orkesterin kapellimestareita ja ke hittäjiä ovat viime vuosikymmeninä olleet Urpo Pesonen, Paavo Rautio, Onni Kelo, Rauno Rännäli, Ari Angervo, Peeter Lilje, Arvo Volmer, Dmitri Slobodeniouk ja Anna-Maria Helsing. Päävierailijoina ovat toimineet John Storgårds, Susanna Mälkki ja Jaakko Kuusisto. Syksyllä 2013 ylikapelli mestarikautensa aloittaneen Johan nes Gustavssonin kausi päättyi kevääseen 2021. Tammikuussa 2022 orkesterin ylikapellimestarina aloitti Rumon Gamba.
ORKESTERIN KANNATUSYHDISTYS PULSSI RY
Orkesterin Pulssi ry (perustettu vuonna 1994) tukee Oulu Sinfonian muusikoita vapaa-ajan toiminnassa ja monissa orkesterin työhön liittyvissä asioissa, järjestää jäsenille musiikki- ja kulttuurimatkoja sekä tukee kamarikonsertteja. Yhdistyksen varat kertyvät jäsenmaksuista ja tuotemyynnistä.
Liity Pulssin jäseneksi! Lisätietoa ja liittymislinkki www.orkesterinpulssi.fi. Pulssin löydät myös Facebookista, facebook.com/orkesterinpulssi.
oulusinfonia.fi
ERIKOISKONSERTTI
Entisten nuorten sävellahja LIVE III
Pe 29.4. klo 19.00 La 30.4. klo 16.00 Madetojan sali
Saara Aalto Pauli Hanhiniemi Pete Parkkonen Oulu Sinfonia
Jukka Myllys kapellimestari Jorma Hietamäki ja Jyri Kataja-Rahko juontajat
63 / 54 / 44 €
Liput
42 / 32 / 22 €
Konserttilippu + buffet
Täydennä vapun konserttielämys Ravintola Preludin herkullisella vappubuffetilla.
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Oulun Musiikkikeskus Leevi Madetojan katu 1–3, PL 4, 90015 OULUN KAUPUNKI
oulusinfonia.fi
Lippujen myynti:
MADETOJAN SALIN LIPPUKAUPPA Oulun Musiikkikeskus Leevi Madetojan katu 1–3, Oulu Puh. 050 594 9704 Avoinna Oulu Sinfonian konserttipäivisin klo 11–19.30.
TICKETMASTER Puhelinpalvelu: 0600 10 800 (1,98 €/min. + pvm). Avoinna arkisin klo 8–17. Verkkokauppa: www.ticketmaster.fi (ei kausikortit eikä minisarjat): Ticketmasterilla on ympäri Suomen yli 80 lippukauppaa, joista voit ostaa lippuja sekä noutaa varauksesi. | <urn:uuid:b1804a67-b3aa-4c22-8304-93434db03858> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/fin_Latn/train | finepdfs | fin_Latn | 24,661 |
Translation of Standard American Convention Card
GENERAL APPROACH
1. Standard American
2. The only forcing opening is 2C. (Forcing means your partner must respond.)
NO TRUMP OPENING BIDS
1. An opening of 1NT in any seat indicates 15-17 high card points and a balanced hand. A five card major is not common. (Partner must announce the range when bid is made.)
2. If the person to your right bids either double or 2C over your partner's 1NT, you will still use Stayman or transfers as if the interference was not made at all. (Many use double over 2C as Stayman, but this should be discussed with your partner.)
3. 2C is Stayman (asks partner for a 4+ card major). Note: Stayman normally shows a hand with 8+ points but may be used in hands that are weaker if the response of 2D, 2H, or 2S could be passed. For example, a hand that has a singleton club and 4 of the other 3 suits.
4. A bid of 2D is a transfer to hearts and shows 5+ hearts with 0+ points. (Partner must announce "transfer.")
5. A bid of 2H is a transfer to spades and shows 5+ spades with 0+ points. (Partner must announce "transfer.")
6. A bid of 2S is a relay to 3C and shows 6+ clubs or diamonds and usually a weak hand. If the suit is diamonds, the relayer plans to bid 3D over the 3C. (Partner must say "alert.")
7. A bid of either 4D or 4H is a transfer to either 4H or 4S. (Partner must announce "transfer.")
8. A bid of 2NT is 20-21 high card points and a balanced hand.
9. Transfer bids at the 3 and 4 level for hearts and spades are used over 2NT. (Partner must announce "transfer.")
MAJOR OPENING
1. An opening bid of 1H or 1S in any seat promises at least a 5-card suit.
2. A double raise (1-3) of a major suit shows an invitational hand with 3+ of the major (10-12 high card points).
3. A double raise of a major suit after an overcall shows a weak hand with 4+ of the major. (1S-2C-3S)
4. A cuebid of the opponents suit after an overcall shows an invitational (limit) or better hand with 3-4 trumps (usually 4). (1S-2C-3C)
5. A bid of 2NT over a major shows 11-12 high card points with no more than 2 of the major (probably exactly 2).
6. A bid of 3NT over a major shows 13-15 high card points with no more than 2 of the major (probably exactly 2).
MINOR OPENING
1. An opening bid of 1C or 1D promises at least 3 in the suit.
2. A double raise (1-3) of a minor suit shows an invitational hand with 5+ of the minor (10-12 high card points).
3. A double raise of a minor suit after an overcall shows a weak hand with 5+ of the minor. (1C-1S-3C)
4. A cuebid of the opponents suit after an overcall shows an invitational (limit) or better hand with 5+ trumps. (1C-1S-2S)
5. Your bidding style is up the line, which means with a good hand (11+), you do not bypass a 4+ card diamond suit to bid the major.
With a very weak hand (5-7 hcp), you will bid the major immediately. With intermediate hands (8-10 hcp), you will use judgment.
6. 1NT over 1C promises 6-10 high card points with no 4-card major.
7. 2NT over 1C promises 11-12 high card points with no 4-card major.
8. 3NT over 1C promises 13-15 high card points with no 4-card major.
TWO-LEVEL OPENINGS
1. An opening bid of 2C promises either 8 ½ quick tricks with an unbalanced hand or 22+ high card points with a balanced hand.
Although you do not need to write a point count for your unbalanced hand, this bid promises some values outside of your suit. You will not think about making this bid without about 20 high card points.
2. An opening bid of 2D, 2H, or 2S shows a 6-card suit with 5-10 high card points.
3. A bid of 2NT over the weak 2 bid asks partner for a Feature outside the suit (an ace or king).
4. A bid of a new suit over the weak 2 is one round forcing (RONF).
5. A raise of the suit is not forcing (RONF means raise only non-forcing).
SPECIAL DOUBLES
1. Negative doubles are used through an overcall of 2S. (1C-2S-X means that the doubler has 4+ hearts.)
2. You do not use minimum offshape takeout doubles, which means that when you double for takeout, you generally have shortness in opponent's suit and a tolerance for the 3 remaining suits. This means that some opening hands will be passed in the overcall position.
SIMPLE OVERCALL
1. An overcall usually shows 8-16 high card points.
2. A hand with 17 high card points makes a takeout double, even if it does not have a perfect shape.
3. A new suit by the partner of the overcaller is forcing if he has not previously passed.
4. A jump raise of the overcaller's suit (1-3) shows a weak hand with length in the suit by the partner of the overcaller.
5. A cuebid of the opponent's suit shows an invitational (limit) hand or better. (1C-1S-P-2C)
JUMP OVERCALL
1. A jump bid over an opening shows a weak hand (1C-2S).
OPENING PREEMPTS
1. An opening bid of 3 or 4 shows a sound suit (2 of top 3 honors) when vulnerable and a 6 to 8 card suit.
2. An opening bid of 3 or 4 could show a light suit (1 honor) when not vulnerable and a 6 to 8 card suit.
DIRECT CUEBID
1. Michaels: A direct cuebid is used over a minor opening to show both majors. (1C-2C).
2. Michaels: A direct cuebid is used over a major opening to show the other major and a minor. (1H-2H) (Partner bids 2NT to ask for the minor, since it is unknown.
NOTRUMP OVERCALLS
1. An overcall of 1NT indicates 15-17 high card points and a balanced hand. The implication is that there is at least one stop in the suit that was opened. (1S-1NT). This range does not have to be announced.
2. Systems are on, which means 2C by partner would be Stayman and all transfer bids are in effect.
3. A bid of 1NT in the balancing seat indicates 11 to 14 high card points, a balanced hand and a stop in the bid suit. (1C-P-P-1NT).
Systems are generally not on for a balancing no trump (no place to indicate that on card).
4. A jump to 2NT after an opening bid shows 5-5 (at least) in the 2 lowest suits. (1S-2NT shows diamonds and clubs; 1D-2NT shows hearts and clubs.)
DEFENSE VS NOTRUMP
1. A bid of 2C, 2D, 2H, or 2S over the opponent's 1NT shows that suit.
2. A bid of Double over the opponent's 1NT shows a no-trump hand and is penalty-oriented.
OVER OPP'S T/O DOUBLE
1. A bid at the one-level after opponent's takeout double is one-round forcing (partner must bid again). (1C-X-1S)
2. A bid at the two-level after opponent's takeout double is not forcing. (1C-X-2S)
3. A redouble shows 10+ points and may or may not show a fit for partner's suit. (1S-X-XX)
VS OPPONENT'S PREEMPTS DOUBLE IS
1. For takeout if they bid 4H or less.
2. If opponent opens 4S, double is for penalty. (Many use 4NT as a takeout over 4S, but that should be discussed with partner.)
SLAM CONVENTIONS
1. Gerber (4C) is used as an ace-asking bid if partner either bid NT as the first or last bid. (Resp: 4D (0 or 4), 4H (1), 4S (2), 4N (3)
2. Blackwood (4NT) is used to ask for aces over a suit. (Resp: 5C (0 or 4), 5D (1), 5H (2) 5S (3)
LEADS
versus suits
1. Lead top of a doubleton.
2. Lead bottom of 3-small.
3. Lead Ace from Ace-King.
4. Lead King from King-Queen.
5. Lead Queen from Queen-Jack.
6. Lead Jack from Jack-Ten.
7. Lead King from King-Queen-Ten-Nine.
8. Lead Low from 4 small.
9. Lead 4th best from 5 small.
10. Lead Ten from Ten-Nine-small.
11. Lead Jack from King-Jack-Ten-small.
12. Lead Ten from King-Ten-Nine-small.
13. Lead Ten from Queen-Ten-Nine-small.
LENGTH LEADS
1. 4th best against suits.
2. 4th best against no trump.
Primary signal to partner's lead
Attitude (High encourages continuation, low discourages)
versus Notrump
1. Lead top of a doubleton.
2. Lead top of 3-small.
3. Lead Ace from Ace-King-Jack-small.
4. Lead Jack from Ace-Jack-Ten-Nine.
5. Lead King from King-Queen-Jack-small.
6. Lead Queen from Queen-Jack-Ten-small.
7. Lead Jack from Jack-Ten-Nine-small
8. Lead high from 4 small.
9. Lead 4th best from 5 small.
10. Lead Ten from Ace-Ten-Nine-small.
11. Lead Queen from King-Queen-Ten-Nine. (Partner should drop Jack.)
12. Lead Ten from Queen-Ten-Nine-small.
13. Lead Ten from Ten-Nine-small-small.
DEFENSIVE CARDING
1. Standard against suits (High shows encouragement or count--even number; low shows discouragement or count--odd number.)
2. Standard against no trump (High shows encouragement; low shows discouragement.) | <urn:uuid:53fb03ea-0ad2-4972-bce0-05e83079f7c1> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 8,231 |
HERZLICH WILLKOMMEN
Liebe Gäste, bei uns herrscht freundliche Selbstbedienung und wir freuen uns, Ihre Bestellungen an der Theke entgegen zu nehmen. Vielen Dank!
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BIER
Prosecco Frizzante............................... 0,1 l.................. 4,90
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12, b
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Lillet Wildberry c, h
................................. 0,4 l ................. 7,90
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Weißweinschorle
12
.............................. 0,2 l ................. 5,90
WEIN
WEISS Grauburgunder . Cuvée aus Savignon Blanc & Riesling ROT Cabernet Sauvignon ...... 0,2 l / 0,75 l ..... 7,90 / 24,50
Unser Frühstücksangebot
Wir nehmen bis 13:00 Uhr Frühstücksbestellungen auf.
1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, C
DER GÖNNER......................................... 15,90
Auswahl verschiedener Käse- und Wurstsorten.
Lachs mit Meerrettich und Rührei. Hausgemachte Antipasti,
Tomate/Mozzarella und mit saisonalem Obst und Gemüse.
Frischkäse, Tomatenbutter und Butter, dazu eine Brot- und
Brötchenauswahl. Kleines Croissant mit Aufstrich nach
Wahl: Honig/Erdbeermarmelade/Nutella.
DER JÄGER 1, 3, 10 .......................................................... 13,90 Wurst- und Käseauswahl, Schinkenknacker und Leberwurst. 2 Spiegeleier, eingelegte Pilze und Zucchini, Gewürzgurken, frische Tomaten und Zwiebeln. Butter und Frischkäse, dazu eine Brot- und Brötchenauswahl.
PANCAKES
1, 3, 7
PANCAKES
1, 3, 7
PANCAKES
1, 3, 7
Hausgemacht mit griechischem Joghurt
(Ahornsirup, Honig oder Nutella)
und saisonalen Früchten. Topping nach Wahl Für den süßen Zahn
PANCAKES
1, 3, 7
groß 7,50/ klein 3,90 BIRCHER MÜSLI 1, 3, 7, 8 groß 7,50/ klein 3,90 BIRCHER MÜSLI 1, 3, 7, 8 groß 7,50/ klein 3,90 BIRCHER MÜSLI 1, 3, 7, 8 Hausgemacht mit leicht gesüßtem griechischem Joghurt und saisonalen Früchten. Topping nach Wahl (Ahornsirup, Honig oder Nutella).
Haferflocken über Nacht eingeweicht in griechischem groß 7,50 / klein 3,90
Joghurt mit geriebenen Äpfeln und Weintrauben. BIRCHER MÜSLI 1, 3, 7, 8
Dazu hausgemachtes Granola mit Honig. groß 7,50/ klein 3,50 CROISSANT 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 11 Dazu hausgemachtes Granola mit Honig. groß 7,50/ klein 3,50 CROISSANT 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 11 Dazu hausgemachtes Granola mit Honig. groß 7,50/ klein 3,50 CROISSANT 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 11 Haferflocken über Nacht eingeweicht in griechischem Joghurt mit geriebenen Äpfeln und Weintrauben. Dazu hausgemachtes Granola mit Honig. groß 7,50 / klein 3,50
Wahlweise mit Erdbeermarmelade,
Honig oder Nutella
Honig oder Nutella
Wir bieten selbstgemachte Kuchen und Torten an. Werfen Sie dafür einen Blick in unsere Kuchenvitrine.
ALLERGENE(1) Gluten (2) Krebstiere (3) Eier (4) Fisch (5) Erdnüsse (6) Sojabohnen (7) Milch (8) Schalenfrüchte (9) Sellerie (10) Senf (11) Sesam (12) Sulfite (13) Lupinen (14) Weichtiere
ZUSATZSTOFFE(A) Konservierungsstoffe (B) Farbstoffe (C) Antioxidationsmittel (D) geschwefelt (E) geschwärzt (F) gewachst (G) Phosphat (H) Chinin (I) Koffein (J) Süßungsmittel (K) Gentechnik
FRÜHSTÜCK Queerbeet
Für besondere Anlässe und große Gruppen
Kein langes Entscheiden, kein langes Warten, sondern direkt an einen reich gedeckten Tisch setzen und schlemmen.
Genießen Sie eine vielseitige Auswahl an buntgemischten Brötchen und knackigem Krustenbrot.
Dazu unsere hausgemachte Tomatenbutter, Frischkäse und Butter natur.
Wir servieren eine vielseitige Auswahl an Wurstsorten und hausgemachter Antipasti.
Lachs mit Meerrettich darf natürlich auch nicht fehlen.
Unsere Käseplatte bestehend aus verschiedenen Sorten, wie Hart- und Weichkäse, kräftig und mild garnieren wir mit einer Auswahl an saisonalem Obst und Beeren.
Dazu gibt es frisches Rührei.
Freut euch auf unsere hausgemachten Aufstriche, wie Hummus, pikante Erbse, Auberginen-Paprika-Cashew,
lecker, würzig und perfekt zum Dippen für das Gemüse.
Die Tomate-Mozzarella-Platte, mit Basilikum und Balsamico verfeinert, lässt mediterrane Gefühle aufkommen. Für den süßen Zahn gibt es Croissants mit Nutella und Marmelade.
EXTRAWÜNSCHE?
*
Kann gerne in der gewünschten Anzahl bestellt werden
Pancakes................................................ 3,90 € / pro Portion
mit griechischem Joghurt und saisonalem Obst/Beeren
Topping nach Wahl: Ahornsirup, Nutella oder Honig
Bircher Müsli ....................................... 3,50 € / pro Portion mit Apfel, Weintraube, Haferflocken, Joghurt und hausgemachtem Granola
19,90 €
exkl. Getränke pro Person
9,95 €
exkl. Getränke Kinder von
9,95 €
exkl. Getränke Kinder von
7 – 12 Jahren | <urn:uuid:f3faf19d-3ca0-40c6-8eca-374b42da19da> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/deu_Latn/train | finepdfs | deu_Latn | 4,772 |
STAP 1
BEPAAI JE BUDGET
Maak je financieringsmogelijkheden inzichtelijk. Met dit budget kun je een grove begroting opzetten. Hierin zet je de kosten voor de kavel, de aannemersom en bijkomende kosten.
STAP 2
MAAK JE WENSEN CONCREET
Stel een programma van eisen (PvE) op. In dit PvE neem je de ruimtes op, de grootte, de onderlinge relatie ervan, kleur en materiaalgebruik, de tuin en installaties.
STAP 3
NEEM EEN OPTIE
Neem een optie op een kavel. Als je een geschikt kavel gevonden hebt neem je contact op met de makelaar. Met een optie wordt de kavel voor jou gereserveerd.
STAP 4
VERTAAL JE WENSEN NAAR EEN ONTWERP
Op basis van de PvE maakt de architect een voorlopig ontwerp. Het ontwerp wordt voorgelegd aan de Commissie Beeldkwaliteit. Na goedkeuring kan het voorlopig ontwerp uitgewerkt worden tot een definitief ontwerp.
STAP 5
ZOEK EEN GESCHIKTE AANNEMER
Op basis van de bestektekening van de architect kun je bij één of meerdere aanbieders een offerte aanvragen.
STAP 6
VRAAG DE VERGUNNINGEN AAN
Aan de hand van het definitief ontwerp en bestektekening wordt de omgevingsvergunning aangevraagd. De gemeente beoordeelt dan je bouwplan.
STAP 7
LEVERING GROND
Wanneer de omgevingsvergunning onherroepelijk is kan de grond geleverd worden en kan er gestart worden met de bouw van de woning.
STAP 8
BOUWEN
De bouw van een woning duurt gemiddeld 10 tot 12 maanden. Tijdens de ruwbouw kun je nadenken over de gedetailleerde afwerking van jouw huis. | <urn:uuid:c80ef2c0-bc83-4e86-8bec-3f6bb2b0b5ce> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/nld_Latn/train | finepdfs | nld_Latn | 1,467 |
INOVOVANÉ
ŠKOLSKÉ VZDELÁVACIE PROGRAMY
GYMNÁZIUM
PANKÚCHOVA 6, 851 04 BRATISLAVA
Školské vzdelávacie programy
Vzdelávací program: Európske štúdiá (5-ročné bilingválne štúdium)
Stupeň vzdelania: ISCED 3A
Dĺžka štúdia: pät’ rokov
Vyučovací jazyk: slovenský a anglický
Študijná forma: denná
Druh školy: štátna
Vzdelávací program: Európske štúdiá (8-ročné štúdium)
Stupeň vzdelania: ISCED 3A
Dĺžka štúdia: osem rokov
Vyučovací jazyk: slovenský
Študijná forma: denná
Druh školy: štátna škola
Predkladateľ:
Názov školy: Gymnázium
Adresa: Pankúchova 6, 851 04 Bratislava
IČO: 030778956
Riaditeľ školy: RNDr. Ľubomíra Kováčová
Koordinátor: Mgr. Pavol Hason
Odborný garant: Ing. Mária Reichová
Ďalšie kontakty: Mgr. Danica Fullová, PaedDr. Ladislav Beňuš, Mgr. Róbert Mezei, PhDr. Nadežda Pilátová, CSc., Ing. Jana Smereková, Mgr. Stanislava Urblíková
Zriaďovateľ:
Názov: Bratislavský samosprávny kraj
Adresa: Sabinovská 16, 820 05 Bratislava 25
Kontakty: 02 / 48 26 41 11
Platnosť dokumentu od: 1. 9. 2015
Inovovaný školský vzdelávací program a inovované učebné osnovy pre 1. ročník osemročného štúdia a pre 1. ročník päťročného štúdia boli prerokované a schválené Pedagogickou radou Gymnázia, Pankúchova 6, 851 04 Bratislava dňa 01. 06. 2015 a boli prerokované Radou školy pri Gymnáziu, Pankúchova 6, 851 04 Batislava dňa 24. 06. 2015.
Inovovaný školský vzdelávací program bol doplnený o inovované učebné osnovy pre 2.-8. ročník osemročného štúdia a pre 2.-5. ročník päťročného štúdia. Dokumenty boli prerokované a schválené Pedagogickou radou Gymnázia, Pankúchova 6, 851 04 Bratislava dňa 25. 08. 2016 a boli prerokované Radou školy pri Gymnáziu, Pankúchova 6, 851 04 Batislava dňa 28. 09. 2016.
Podpis riaditeľa: ________________________
I. VŠEOBECNÁ CHARAKTERISTIKA ŠKOLY
1. VEĽKOSTŤ ŠKOLY
Gymnázium Pankúchova 6, Bratislava je plne organizovaná stredná škola s počtom tried 18 a celkovým počtom žiakov 500. Predpokladaná celková možná kapacita je približne 800 žiakov. Počet tried v jednotlivých ročníkoch a študijných odboroch v školských rokoch 2015/16 a 2016/17 uvádza tabuľka. Inovovaný školský vzdelávací program sa týka tried, ktoré sú v tabuľke zvýraznené.
| Ročník | 2015/16 | 2016/17 |
|--------|---------|---------|
| | 5 – ročné štúdium | 8 – ročné štúdium | 5 – ročné štúdium | 8 – ročné štúdium |
| | Európske štúdiá | Európske štúdiá | Európske štúdiá | Európske štúdiá |
| - | - | 1. | - | 1. |
| - | - | 2. | - | 2. |
| - | - | 3. | - | 3. |
| 1. | 2 | 4. | 1 | 1. |
| 2. | 2 | 5. | 1 | 2. |
| 3. | 2 | 6. | 1 | 3. |
| 4. | 1 | 7. | - | 4. |
| 5. | 1 | 8. | - | 5. |
Geografická poloha školy: Škola sa nachádza na severovýchode mestskej časti Bratislavy – Petržalky. Škola je obklopená z jednej strany mestským sídliskom a z druhej strany lužným lesem pri Dunaji. Areál školy je plný zelene. Tiché prostredie poskytuje
vhodné podmienky na vzdelenávanie nerušenej dopravným ruchom. Dostupnosť školy individuálnou dopravou ako aj sieťou MHD je veľmi dobrá.
2. CHARAKTERISTIKA ŽIAKOV
Školu v súčasnom období navštevujú žiaci osemročného a päťročného štúdia. Spádová oblasť dochádzania žiakov v osemročnom štúdiu zahrňa mestskú časť Petržalka a priľahlé mestské časti Bratislavy (predovšetkým Jarovce, Rusovce, Čunovo a Ružinov). V päťročnom štúdiu je hlavnou spádovou oblasťou územie Bratislavského kraja. Päťročné štúdium navštevujú aj žiaci z iných krajov Slovenska. Škola má skúsenosti aj so vzdelenávaním žiakov so špeciálnymi výchovno – vzdelávacími potrebami a s telesným postihnutím. Pri maturitnej skúške týchto žiakov zohľadňujeme ich špeciálne výchovno-vzdelávacie potreby. Školu v menšom počte navštevujú aj zahraniční žiaci (Česká republika, Ukrajina).
3. CHARAKTERISTIKA PEDAGOGICKÉHO ZBORU
3.1. ŠTRUKTÚRA PEDAGOGICKÉHO ZBORU
Pedagogický zbor školy je stabilný, mení sa mierne a postupne. Zmeny sú vyvolávané vekovou štruktúrou pedagógov, zvyšujúcimi sa požiadavkami na počet vyučujúcich anglického jazyka a vyučujúcich ďalších predmetov v anglickom jazyku. Tento trend je vyvolávaný záujmom uchádzačov o bilingválne štúdium.
Pedagogickí zamestnanci školy sa vyznačujú kvalifikovanosťou a vysokou odbornosťou. Počet neodborne vyučovaných hodín je dlhodobo pod 0,5% z celkového počtu hodín v rámci úvazkov.
Z pohľadu dosiahnutého kariérového stupňa pedagogický zbor sa člení nasledovným spôsobom:
- samostatní pedagogickí zamestnanci: 10
- pedagogickí zamestnanci s prvou atestáciou: 23
- pedagogickí zamestnanci s druhou atestáciou: 4
Podľa kariérovej pozície škola má
- vedúcich pedagogických zamestnancov - 3
- pedagogických zamestnancov – špecialistov (triedni učitelia) – 18
- výchovný poradca – 1
- kariérový poradca – 1
- vedúci predmetovej komisie – 9
- koordinátor informatizácie - 1
Iní zamestnanci školy určení riaditeľom školy na špecializované činnosti
- koordinátori vzdelávacích oblastí – 8
- koordinátor kontinuálneho vzdelávania – 1
- koordinátor pre environmentálnu výchovu – 1
- koordinátor pre výchovu k manželstvu a rodičovstvu – 1
- koordinátor prevencie patosociálnych javov – 1
- koordinátor prevencie patopsychologických javov – 1
- koordinátor študentskej rady – 1
- koordinátor pre SOČ – 1
- koordinátor pre maturitné skúšky – 1
- koordinátor pre vyučovací predmet dejepis – 1
- koordinátor pre vyučovací predmet geografia – 1
- koordinátor pre vyučovací predmet francúzsky jazyk - 1
Potrebný počet pedagogických pracovníkov vzhľadom na súčasnú obsadenosť školy je 37 až 40.
ORGANIZAČNÁ ŠTRUKTÚRA ŠKOLY
Organizačná štruktúra školy
Riaditeľka školy
- štatutárny zástupca r.š.
- pedagogickí pracovníci
- II. zástupca r.š.
- ekonómka školy vedúca útvaru THP
- vedúca oddelenia ŠJ
- pracovníčky ŠJ
- tajomnička
- školník
- upratovačky
ŠTRUKTÚRA METODICKÝCH ORGÁNOV ŠKOLY
Štruktúra metodických a poradných orgánov školy:
V škole pôsobia školská psychologička (zamestnankyňa Centra pedagogicko-psychologického poradenstva a prevencie, Bratislava V) a výchovná poradkyňa, ktoré poskytujú poradenskú činnosť pre našich žiakov v oblasti profesijnej orientácie, problémov s učením sa, správania a v osobnom živote žiaka.
Externí učitelia v škole pôsobia len výnimocne a podľa potreby.
Pedagógovia sa pravidelne zúčastňujú odborných, metodických a legislatívnych školení. Kontinuálneho vzdelávania sa pedagogickí zamestnanci zúčastňujú na základe plánu kontinuálneho vzdelávania v súlade s osobným plánom profesijného rastu.
Škola zároveň zabezpečuje vzdelávanie svojich zamestnancov vo svojich kompetenciách nasledovným spôsobom:
- legislatíva a metodika (pedagogické porady),
- moderné a inovačné vyučovacie metódy (zasadenia predmetových komisií)
- používanie multimediálnej techniky a interaktívnej tabule (frekventanti projektu Modernizácia vzdelávania v stredných školách a iných odborných školení),
- školenia bezpečnosti a ochrany zdravia (pravidelné školenia v dvojročných intervaloch vždy na začiatku školského roka)
- integrácia žiakov vyžadujúcich špeciálne výchovno-vzdelávacie potreby (výchovný poradca)
Škola zamestnáva technika školskej internetovej siete. Pripojenie na internet je zabezpečené v odborných učebniach, školskej knižnici, kabinetoch a zborovni. Školskú webovú stránku sprevádzkujú zástupcovia riaditeľky školy.
Pedagogický kolektív má potenciál sledovať vývoj moderných informačných technológií a tie využívať vo výchovno-vzdelávacom procese.
3.2. PERSONÁLNY MANAŽMENT PEDAGOGICKÉHO KOLEKTÍVU
1) Analýza súčasného stavu - kde sme?
Všetci pedagogickí zamestnanci školy sú plne kvalifikovaní. Odbornosť vyučovania dlhodobo presahuje 99,5%. Pedagogický kolektív prechádza miernymi zmenami, cieľom ktorých je generačná výmena a zvýšenie kvality výchovy a vzdelávania.
2) Očakávaný proces - kam sa chceme dostat?
Udržať také zloženie kvalifikovaných pedagogických zamestnancov, ktoré umožňuje realizáciu výchovno-vzdelávacieho procesu v zmysle plánov školy, pričom prvoradé hládisko je odbornosť vyučovania a výsledky práce v zmysle hodnotiacich kritérií zamestnancov.
3) Očakávané formálne a obsahové zmeny - ako sa tam dostaneme?
Vzhľadom na súčasné zloženie pedagogického kolektívu pôjde o postupné zmeny, ktoré budú vyvolávané nižšie uvedenými vnútornými a vonkajšími faktormi a výsledkom má byť zabezpečenie takej štruktúry pedagogických zamestnancov, ktorá bude flexibilná pri obsadzovaní úvazkov.
Plánovanie počtu a štruktúry pedagogických zamestnancov
1. Vplyv vonkajších faktorov:
a) legislativa (regulačné opatrenia ohľadne počtu tried osemročného gymnázia),
b) školská politika zriaďovateľa (úpravy v sieti škôl, počty nových tried a ich rozloženie medzi školami),
c) záujem zo strany rodičov o školu,
d) spolupráca s dodávateľmi (základné školy).
2. Vplyv vnútorných faktorov:
a) veková štruktúra zamestnancov (v súvislosti s odchodom do dôchodku),
b) školské vzdelávacie programy a ich nároky na zloženie pedagogického kolektívu z hládiska aprobácií a vyučovacích jazykov,
c) množstvo a štruktúra ľudských zdrojov (náklady na prácu, kvalifikovanosť a odbornosť),
d) organizačné zmeny (organizačné zmeny v počtoch tried v súvislosti so zmenami v sieti gymnázií).
Škola vo svojej personálnej politike bude uplatňovať nasledovné stabilizačné nástroje:
a) aplikovať motivačný systém odmėňovania (v závislosti od pridelených finančných prostriedkov),
b) udržiavať tvorivé a podnetné pracovné prostredie,
c) udržiavať priaznivé komunikačné prostredie v pracovnom kolketíve vo vertikálnom i horizontálnom smere,
d) v čo najväčšej miere umožniť zo strany školy vzdelávanie zamestnancov v rámci kontinuálneho vzdelávania v súlade s organizačnými a kapacitnými možnosťami.
4. ORGANIZÁCIA PRIJÍMACIEHO KONANIA
Cieľom prijímacieho konania je výber takých žiakov z uchádzačov, ktorí preukážu najvyššiu mieru predpokladov zvládať štúdium v danom školskom vzdelávacom programe. Zameranie otváraných tried odráža celospoločenskú i regionálnu požiadavku. Škola zverejňuje kritériá prijímacieho konania na stránke www.gympaba.sk, resp. v priestoroch školy. Kritériá záujemcovia o štúdium môžu nájsť aj na webovej stránke www.svs.edu.sk.
Škola prijíma žiakov:
- na osemročné štúdium do prímy, na základe prijímacieho konania, prospechu zo základnej školy a dosiahnutých výsledkov v súťažiach,
- na päťročné štúdium do prvého ročníka na základe prijímacieho konania súčasťou ktorého je aj overovanie jazykových predpokladov (talentová skúška), na základe prospechu zo základnej školy a dosiahnutých výsledkov v súťažiach,
Konkrétne podmienky sa aktualizujú každoročne a zverejňujú sa v kritériách na webovom sídle školy.
Žiaci so zdravotným znevýhodnením môžu mať na základe odporúčania školského zariadenia výchovného poradenstva a prevencie prijímaciu skúšku upravenú a kritériá zohľadňujú ods. 3 § 67 zákona č. 245/2008 Z.z. o výchove a vzdelávaní (školský zákon) a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov o prednostnom prijatí žiaka so zmenenou pracovnou schopnosťou za daných podmienok.
5. ORGANIZÁCIA MATURITNEJ SKÚŠKY
Maturitné skúšky sa realizujú v spolupráci s Odborom školstva OÚ, ktorý určuje termín ústnych maturitných skúšok a zároveň menuje jednotlivých predsedov predmetových maturitných komisií a predsedu školskej maturitnej komisie. Termíny písomných maturitných skúšok určuje MŠ SR.
Pre ústne maturitné skúšky je stanovených 15 – 17 predmetových maturitných komisií tak, že v jednom dni pracuje paralelne až deväť komisií. Prevažná väčšina žiakov maturuje počas dvoch dní a spravidla po dva predmety za deň. Z niektorých predmetov, v ktorých je malý počet prihlásených žiakov, maturujú žiaci so súhlasom OÚ v inej škole. Takouto organizáciou je možné celé ústne maturitné skúšky zrealizovať za tri dni.
Škola používa informačný systém a internetovú stránku, prostredníctvom ktorej informuje žiakov o organizácii maturitných skúšok a zároveň cez internetovú žiacku knižku zverejňuje výsledky písomných aj ústnych maturitných skúšok.
Priprave žiakov na maturitné skúšky venuje škola veľkú pozornosť najmä prostredníctvom voliteľných predmetov, ale aj záujmových krúžkov. Žiakom sú poskytnuté tematické okruhy a materiály na opakovanie učiva.
6. PROJEKTY
Škola má dlhodobé skúsenosti s projektovou činnosťou a podporuje ju na rôznych úrovniach (školské, národné a medzinárodné). Naše projekty majú rôzne časové trvanie. Krátkodobé trvajú jeden školský rok a z obsahového hľadiska obohacujú ten ktorý predmet. Dlhodobé sledujú spracovanie širšej nadpredmetovej témy s určitým výchovno-vzdelávacím aspektom. Cieľom projektov je podporiť u žiakov tímovú a tvorivú prácu pri spracovávaní a prezentácii tém. Naša škola je zapojená do dlhodobých medzinárodných projektov v spolupráci s inými školami doma i v zahraničí.
Do projektovej činnosti aplikovanej v našej škole sú zapojení žiaci bez rozdielu študijného zamerania (zdravý životný štýl, ekologické a sociálne programy, protidrogové projekty, preventívne programy pre mládež). Aplikujeme aj projekty vzhľadom na školské vzdelávacie programy (európske štúdia - jazykové pobytu, medzinárodné jazykové projekty). Neoddeliteľnou súčasťou projektovej činnosti je využívanie informačných a komunikačných technológií ako účinného prostriedku na komunikáciu, spracovanie a prezentáciu projektov.
V rámci projektov budeme uprednostňovať také finálne výstupy, ktoré sú zaujímavé pre žiaka (medzinárodné stretnutia, exkurzie do zaujímavých oblastí, prezentácie školy, národnej identity a kultúry pútavou formou).
Hlavnými garantmi realizácie projektov sú koordinátori výchovno-vzdelávacích oblastí. Pri ročníkových a školských projektoch je možnosť prepojiť poznatky získané z jednotlivých predmetov a vzniká prostredie spolupráce medzi žiakmi, ktorí nemajú možnosť v rámci vyučovania bežne spolupracovať. Podporuje sa tým sociálna a kreatívna stránka tejto činnosti.
7. SPOLUPRÁCA S RODIČMI A INÝMI SUBJEKTMI
Subjekty, s ktorými škola spolupracuje:
- Združenie rodičov a priateľov školy (ZRPŠ) pri Gymnáziu Pankúchova 6, Bratislava (predseda riadi prácu výboru ZRPŠ, tento zasadá 3 - krát počas školského roka)
- Rada školy (má 11 členov, traja zvolení zamestnanci školy – dvaja pedagogickí, jeden nepedagogický, traja zvolení zástupcovia rodičov, jeden zvolený zástupca študentskej rady, štyria delegovaní zástupcovia zriaďovateľa, rada školy zasadá 3 – krát počas školského roka)
- základné školy, odkiaľ prichádzajú uchádzači o štúdium (spolupráca s výchovnými poradcami, propagácia školy, deň otvorených dverí, poskytovanie informácií o štúdiu a prijímacom konaní)
- odberateľské organizácie, predovšetkým vysoké školy (informácie o možnostiach štúdia na VŠ, informačné vstupy zo strany zástupcov VŠ, účast' našich študentov na dňoch otvorených dverí na VŠ, účast' našich študentov na Veľtrhu vysokých škôl v Bratislave)
- Centrum pedagogicko – psychologického poradenstva a prevencie, Bratislava (prednášky, preventívne a intervenčné programy s vybranými triedami, poradenská činnosť')
- NÚCEM – spolupráca pri externej časti maturitných skúšok, pilotných a medzinárodných testovaniach žiakov
- Iuventa (účast' na predmetových súťažiach na obvodnej a krajskej úrovni)
- ŠPÚ, MCMB (odborné, metodické a legislatívne školenia)
- MŠ SR (spolupráca v legislatívnej oblasti, realizácia projektu európskych štúdií)
- VUC (spolupráca pri otváraní nových tried, koncepčný rozvoj školy a technický rozvoj školy, technická obnova a údržba)
- OÚ (spolupráca v oblasti právnych predpisov a pri organizácii maturitných skúšok)
- Detský domov Skalica (benefičné akcie)
- Liga proti rakovine (Týždeň proti rakovine, Deň narcisov, Zdravý životný štýl)
- Materské školy na Haanovej a Lachovej ulici v Petržalke – ekologické poradenstvo a výchova
- Unicef (prednášky)
- Policajný zbor SR (prednášky, projekty spolupráce)
- zahraničné a medzinárodné vzdelávacie subjekty (Faceurope, Aces)
8. PRIESTOROVÉ A MATERIÁLNO–TECHNICKÉ PODMIENKY ŠKOLY
Škola má zriadené odborné učebne pre biológiu, geografiu, matematiku, slovenský jazyk, umenie a kultúru, chémia (2), fyziku (2), výpočtovú techniku (2) a učebne pre výuku jazykov. Jazykové laboratórium je vybavené modernou multimediálnou technikou na nácvik komunikácie a výslovnosti. Odborné učebne sú vybavené počítačom, projektorom a vo väčšine prípadov aj interaktívnu tabuľou.
Učebne geografie a matematiky boli zriadené na základe účasti našich pedagógov v projekte Modernizácia vzdelávania na stredných školách. Didaktická technika v týchto učebniach pozostáva z interaktívnej tabule a osobných počítačov pre žiakov.
Vybavenie tried sa postupne obnovuje. Postupne sa dokupujú a vymieňajú žiacke lavice a stoličky. V triedach je nainštalované nové osvetlenie splňajúce príslušné normy. Pravidelne sa maľujú triedy a postupne sa vymieňa podlahová krytina.
V roku 2007 sa všetky okná na budove vymenili za plastové. Úpravou zastaraných a opotrebovaných drevených krytov radiátorov znižujeme energetickú náročnosť budovy. Zrealizovala sa oprava strechy, kotolne a rozvodu tepla.
Aby sme mohli poskytnúť možnosti štúdia žiakov s telesným postihnutím v širšom meradle, je treba zabezpečiť vybudovanie bezbariérového prístupu.
Vestibul školy slúži na uskutočnenie mnohých školských podujatí (vítanie nových študentov, akadémie, výchovné koncerty). Tento priestor využívame aj na organizovanie podujatí pre širšiu verejnosť (výstavy).
V celej budove školy je zabezpečené pripojenie na internet (sieťovým káblom alebo bezdrôtovým mikrovlnným pripojením).
Škola je monitorovaná kamerovým bezpečnostným systémom.
Všetky priestory splňajú hygienické normy a umožňujú plne realizovať zvolené učebné varianty.
Škola používa zakúpený informačný systém s databázou žiakov, učiteľov, tried a majetku. Pomocou tohto softvéru realizuje aj rozvrh hodín a zastupovanie neprítomných učiteľov. Prepojenie tohto systému s webovou stránkou školy a internetovou žiackou knižkou poskytuje dostatočnú informovanosť žiakov a rodičov.
Škola má dobre fungujúcu informačnú sieť, prostredníctvom svojej webovej stránky (www.gympaba.sk) pravidelne informuje o svojich aktivitách, harmonograme činnosti, projektoch a súťažiach.
V kabinetoch sú inštalované počítače s pripojením na internet, niektoré počítače však zaostávajú za potrebným výkonovým štandardom a bude nutné ich v budúcnosti vymeniť.
Vybavenie kabinetných a predmetových zbierok sa každoročne dopĺňa o nové učebné pomôcky, zakupujú sa rôzne multimediálne programy, ktoré sa používajú pri výučke. Pre efektívnejšie vyučovanie cudzích jazykov plánujeme vybudovanie ďalších učební s multimediálnou technikou. Väčšina učebných pomôcok je zakúpených z prostriedkov Školského združenia rodičov, resp. z fondu 2%.
Pre potreby telesnej výchovy škola používa dve telocvične, vybudovalo sa veľké pohybové štúdio a posilňovňa. V areáli školy sú k dispozícii dve trávnaté ihriská, z toho jedno s umelou trávou.
Škola disponuje dobre vybavenou školskou knižnicou. Tento priestor sa využíva aj na realizáciu vyučovacích hodín.
Stravovanie pre žiakov i ostatných zamestnancov školy zabezpečuje školská jedáleň. Každý deň (okrem piatku) je možnosť výberu z dvoch jedál. Rovnako aj jedáleň je pripojená na informačný systém a internetovú stránku, prostredníctvom ktorej je zverejňovaný jedálny lístok a je možné realizovať aj odhlásky obedov.
9. ŠKOLA AKO ŽIVOTNÝ PRIESTOR
Škola je umiestnená v 29-ročnej budove, ktorá bola plánovaná ako školská stavba, určená na vyučovanie v klasických triedach. V budove predtým sídlila základná škola, v školskom roku 1993/94 tu bola zriadená stredná škola - gymnázium. Budova svojou architektúrou vyhovuje podmienkam organizácie vyučovania pre 25 tried.
Keďže škole chýba vhodný reprezentačný priestor pre spoločenské akcie s dobrými akustickými podmienkami, vstupný vestibul školy slúži ako prvotný reprezentačný priestor, v ktorom organizujeme významné školské podujatia (školské akadémie, benefičné koncerty, spoločenské akcie žiakov, ocenenia učiteľov a žiakov s názvom AWARDS, vítanie nových žiakov školy).
Pre spoločenské akcie s menším počtom žiakov (prednášky, stretnutia s osobnosťami, prezentácie, obhajoby projektov, zasadnutia študentskej rady a pod.) sa využíva zborovňa. Je vybavená novým nábytkom a multimediálnou technikou.
V budove školy sú vystavené udelené ocenenia škole a diplomy žiakov, ktorí reprezentovali našu školu na rôznych olympiádach a iných súťažiach.
V škole je inštalovaných približne 20 informačných panelov. Ich poslaním je informovať o aktuálnom harmonograme školy, súťažiach a školských akciách, akciách ponúkaných rôznymi vzdelávacími inštitúciami. Prostredníctvom nich poskytujú informácie žiakom i učiteľom jednotlivé predmetové komisie, ale aj výchovná poradkyňa a študentská rada.
Školský dvor je rozdelený budovou školy na dve časti. V tomto priestore prevláda zeleň (stromy – prevažne listnáče, menej ihličnanov, skalky a trávnik). Naši žiaci sa podieľajú na udržiavaní zelene a estetickom skrášľovaní exteriéru a interiéru školy pod vedením príslušných pedagógov.
Počas prestávok majú žiaci k dispozícii občerstvenie v školskom bufete.
Chodby školy žiaci využívajú hlavne počas prestávok. Tieto prebiehajú v pokojnej a priateľskej atmosfére, prestávky sú určené predovšetkým na oddych a možnosť voľnej komunikácie medzi žiakmi a pedagógmi.
10. PODMIENKY NA ZAISTENIE BEZPEČNOSTI A OCHRANY ZDRAVIA PRI VÝCHOVE A VZDELÁVANÍ
Priestory školy poskytujú bezpečné prostredie na vyučovanie. Sú vybavené a udržiavané predpísaným spôsobom. Každoročne na začiatku školského roka sa vykonávajú poučenia žiakov:
- o bezpečnosti a ochrane zdravia,
- o požiarnej ochrane,
- o zásadách evakuácie žiakov.
Poučenia vykonávajú triedni učitelia v rámci triednických hodín, ktoré sú blokovo zaradené na začiatok školského roka. Podobným spôsobom s týmito pravidlami sú rodičia oboznamovaní počas prvého stretnutia rodičovského združenia prostredníctvom triednych učiteľov. Tieto skutočnosti sa písomne archivujú a sú overené podpismi žiakov a rodičov.
Evakuáčne plány a schémy sú zverejnené v každej triede a v spoločných priestoroch školy. Nácviky evakuácie budovy školy sa vykonávajú dvakrát ročne.
Na začiatku školského roka sa vykonávajú poučenia žiakov o pravidlách práce v odborných učebniach. Tieto poučenia zabezpečujú vyučujúci a sú zverejnené v písomnej podobe v jednotlivých odborných učebniach.
Úvodné hodiny telesnej výchovy v každej triede sú zamerané na poučenie žiakov o pravidlách správania sa v priestoroch vyčlenených na telesnú výchovu. Žiaci so zdravotným obmedzením majú možnosť podať žiadosť o oslobodenie z telesnej výchovy.
Pred exkurziami a výletmi sú žiaci oboznamovaní s bezpečnostnými opatreniami počas trvania školskej akcie. Súčasťou pedagogického kolektívu v škole prírody je vyškolený zdravotník. Odbornú lekársku starostlivosť zabezpečuje prostredníctvom blízkeho zdravotníckeho strediska ubytovacie zariadenie. Za bezpečnosť počas organizovaných presunov žiakov mimo školského areálu zodpovedá organizátor (pedagóg školy), pripadne pedagogický vedúci presunu.
Technickí pracovníci školy (ekonómka, školník) zabezpečujú, aby vonkajší areál školy (predovšetkým prístupové cesty – chodníky) bol udržiavaný v bezpečnom stave aj v prípade nepriaznivých poveternostných podmienok.
Škola vykonáva vstupné inštruktáže a pravidelné školenia svojich zamestnancov v oblasti BOZ prostredníctvom odborného pracovníka. Školenia sa uskutočňujú v pravidelných dvojročných cyklcoch v zmysle platných zákonných predpisov.
Škola má vypracovaný svoj „Požiarny štatút“, „Pravidlá o bezpečnosti a ochrane zdravia pri práci“, „Prevádzkový predpis kontroly elektrického zariadenia“, „Úlohy preventívnych a ochranných služieb“ a „Prehľad odborných kontrol elektrických, plynových, tlakových a ostatných zariadení“.
Školenia zamerané na ochranu zdravia sa uskutočňujú aj v rámci učiva Ochrana života a zdravia v každom ročníku a v samostatných kurzoch v predmaturitnom ročníku.
Pôsobenie školy v oblasti bezpečnosti je orientované predovšetkým na preventívne opatrenia, ktoré majú minimalizovať frekvenciu vzniku situácií ohrozujúcich zdravie účastníka výchovno – vzdelávacieho procesu.
Za najrizikovejšie faktory, ktoré môžu znamenať zvýšené nebezpečenstvo ohrozenia zdravia považujeme:
1) zo strany žiakov: nedodržiavanie príslušných ustanovení školského poriadku (nedovolené opustenie budovy školy, presuny po budove a nedodržiavanie pravidel
VPŠ), náhodné úrazy počas hodín telesnej výchovy, úrazy počas prestávok, úrazy v šatniach a školskej jedálni (vykonávame pravidelný pedagogický dozor nad žiakmi v priestoroch školy)
2) zo strany zamestnancov: presuny po budove, možné úrazy pri praktických prácach, demonštrácií pokusov a telocvičných úkonov.
Poskytovanie prvej pomoci je materiálne zabezpečené zdravotníckymi pomôckami, ktoré sa nachádzajú v zborovni školy, miestnosti ekonomky školy a kabinete učiteľov telesnej výchovy.
Dôležité telefónne čísla pre prípad súrnej zdravotníckej pomoci a havarijného stavu sú zverejnené na verejne prístupných miestach. Havarijné stavy sa hlásia technickému zamestnancovi školy na vrátnici.
11. POŽIADAVKY NA KONTINUÁLNE VZDELÁVANIE ZAMESTNANCOV
Škola v súlade s príslušnými legislatívnymi opatreniami bude podporovať zapájanie svojich pedagogických zamestnancov do rôznych vzdelávacích aktivít, predovšetkým v rámci kontinuálneho vzdelávania. Za týmto účelom vypracováva ročné plány kontinuálneho vzdelávania.
Legislatívnymi východiskami ročného plánu kontinuálneho vzdelávania sú predovšetkým:
- zákon č. 245/2008 Z. z. o výchove a vzdelávaní (školský zákon) a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov,
- zákon č. 311/2001 Z. z. (Zákonníka práce) v znene neskorších predpisov,
- zákon č. 596/2003 Z. z. o štátnej správe v školstve a školskej samospráve a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov,
- zákon č. 568/2009 Z.z. o celoživotnom vzdelávaní a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov,
- vyhláška MŠ SR č. 445/2009 o kontinuálnom vzdelávaní, kreditoch a atestáciách pedagogických zamestnancov a odborných zamestnancov,
- ďalšie súvisiace aktuálne predpisy.
Ciele kontinuálneho vzdelávania
Hlavný cieľ
Kontinuálne vzdelávanie ako súčasť celoživotného vzdelávania zabezpečuje u pedagogických a odborných zamestnancov sústavný proces nadobúdania vedomostí, zručností a spôsobilostí s cieľom udržiavať, obnovovať, zdokonaľovať a dopĺňať profesijné kompetencie potrebné na výkon pedagogickej praxe a na výkon odbornej činnosti so zreteľom na premenu tradičnej školy na modernú.
Od pedagogických zamestnancov sa požaduje schopnosť tímovo inovovať (v rámci predmetovej komisie a vzdelávacích oblastí) obsah a metódy výučby. Požaduje sa používať multimediálnu techniku s cieľom skvalitniť výstupy výchovno-vzdelávacieho procesu. Pedagogický zamestnanec školy má byť pripravený reagovať na požiadavky školy a zmeny vo vzdelávacej politike školy.
Vedúci pedagogickí zamestnanci koordinujú a kontrolujú pedagogické postupy svojich zamestnancov.
Čiastkové ciele
Čiastkové ciele vychádzajú z druhov kontinuálneho vzdelávania
1. **Adaptačné vzdelávanie** umožní získať profesijné kompetencie potrebné na výkon činností samostatného pedagogického zamestnanca alebo samostatného odborného zamestnanca, ktoré nezíská absolvovaním študijného programu alebo vzdelávacieho programu v požadovanom študijnom odbore poskytujúcim žiadaný stupeň vzdelania. Je určené pre začínajúcich pedagogických a odborných zamestnancov školy alebo školského zariadenia. **Za tento typ vzdelávania sa nezískavajú kredity.**
2. **Aktualizačné vzdelávanie** poskytne aktuálne poznatky a zručnosti potrebné na udržanie si profesijných kompetencií na štandardný výkon alebo na prípravu na vykonanie atestácie. **Za tento typ vzdelávania sa získavajú kredity.**
3. **Inovačné vzdelávanie** umožní pedagogickým zamestnancom zdokonaliť si profesijné kompetencie potrebné na štandardný výkon pedagogickej činnosti alebo na štandardný výkon odbornej činnosti. **Za tento typ vzdelávania sa získavajú kredity, okrem funkčného inovačného vzdelávania, za ktoré sa kredity nezískavajú.**
4. **Špecializačné vzdelávanie** zabezpečí získanie profesijných kompetencií potrebné na výkon špecializovaných činností. Pedagogickým zamestnancom – špecialistom je triedný učiteľ, výchovný poradca, kariérový poradca, uvádzajúci pedagogický zamestnanec, vedúci predmetovej komisie, vedúci metodického združenia alebo vedúci študijného odboru, koordinátor informatizácie, iný zamestnanec vykonávajúci špecializované činnosti určené riaditeľom, napríklad poradca pre vzdelávanie prostredníctvom informačno-komunikačných technológií, špecialista na výchovu a vzdelávanie detí zo sociálne znevýhodneného prostredia, cvičný pedagogický zamestnanec, koordinátor prevencie. Odborným zamestnancom – špecialistom je uvádzajúci odborný zamestnanec, supervízor, iný zamestnanec vykonávajúci špecializované činnosti určené riaditeľom napríklad koordinátor prevencie, výchovný poradca, kariérový poradca. **Za tento typ vzdelávania sa získavajú kredity.**
5. **Funkčné vzdelávanie** umožní získanie profesijných kompetencií potrebných na výkon riadiacich činností vedúcich pedagogických a odborných zamestnancov. Vedúcim pedagogickým zamestnancom alebo vedúcim odborným zamestnancom je riaditeľ, zástupca riaditeľa, hlavný majster odbornej výchovy, vedúci vychovávateľ, vedúci odborného útvaru ďalší pedagogický zamestnanec alebo odborný zamestnanec ustanovený podľa osobitného predpisu. **Za tento typ vzdelávania sa nezískavajú kredity.**
6. **Kvalifikačné vzdelávanie** umožní získanie profesijných kompetencií požadovaných na doplnenie kvalifikačných predpokladov alebo splnenie kvalifikačného predpokladu na vyučovanie ďalšieho aprobačného predmetu. **Za tento typ vzdelávania sa získavajú kredity.**
Ak škola má pedagogických zamestnancov, ktorí získali vzdelanie absolvovaním študijného programu alebo vzdelávacieho programu v inom ako požadovanom študijnom odbore na výkon pedagogickej činnosti, potrebujú si doplniť kvalifikačný predpoklad pre príslušnú kategóriu a podkategóriu pedagogického zamestnanca získaním vzdelania v oblasti:
- pedagogiky, psychológie a didaktiky vyučovacích predmetov alebo didaktiky odborného výcviku, (ďalej len „pedagogická spôsobilosť“) – **nezískavajú kredity**,
- pedagogiky, psychológie a didaktiky vyučovacích predmetov alebo didaktiky odborného výcviku a špeciálnej pedagogiky, ďalej len „špeciálno-pedagogická“ spôsobilosť, ak má
vykonávať pedagogickú činnosť v triede, v škole alebo v školskom zariadení s výchovno-vzdelávacím programom pre deti alebo žiakov so zdravotným znevýhodnením – nezískavajú sa kredity,
- ďalšieho študijného odboru alebo aprobačného predmetu – získavajú kredity.
Škola poskytne priestor iniciatíve učiteľa, umožní mu prezentovať inovačné postupy svojej práce, ktorými sú najmä autorstvo alebo spoluautorstvo schválených alebo odporúčaných učebných pomôcok vrátane počítačových programov, učebníc, učebných textov, metodických materiálov a pracovných zošitov, iné tvorivé aktivity súvisiace s výkonom pedagogickej praxe alebo výkonom odbornej činnosti, napríklad výsledky výskumu, patenty, vynálezy, odborno-preventívne programy, odborné články publikované v odbornej literatúre. Za autorstvo alebo spoluautorstvo sa priznávajú kredity.
Ak škola a školské zariadenie umožní pedagogickým a odborným zamestnancom absolvovať vzdelávanie v zahraničí súvisiace s výkonom pedagogickej činnosti alebo s výkonom odbornej činnosti, tak sa za dané vzdelávanie v zahraničí priznávajú kredity.
4. SITUÁČNÁ ANALÝZA ŠKOLY (K 01. 09. 2015)
Počet pedagogických zamestnancov: 37 (z toho 1 - rodičovský príspevok)
Odborní zamestnanci: 0
Nekvalifikovaní zamestnanci: 0
Východiská
Pedagogický kolektív od uzákonenia kontinuálneho vzdelávania sa aktívne zapája do vzdelávacích aktivít. V rámci kontinuálneho vzdelávania sme absolvovali celkom 70 školení.
Štruktúra absolvovaných školení:
| Druh školenia | Počet školení |
|---------------------|--------------|
| Aktualizačné | 50 |
| Kvalifikačné | 1 |
| Špecializačné | 7 |
| Inovačné | 10 |
| Funkčné inovačné | 2 |
K 01. 09. 2015 si kreditový příplatok uplatňuje 16 pedagogických zaměstnanců školy. Štrukturu uvádí nasledovná tabuľka:
| Kreditový příplatok | Počet pedagógov |
|---------------------|-----------------|
| 30 kreditov | 7 |
| 60 kreditov | 8 |
V školskom roku 2014/15 pedagogický zamestnanci absolvovali 3 školenia v rámci kontinuálneho vzdelávania. Celkový počet získaných kreditov za školský rok je 41. Kontinuálneho vzdelávania sa zúčastnili 3 zamestnanci. Tieto údaje poukazujú na skutočnosť, že pedagogickí zamestnanci sa kontinuálneho vzdelávania vo väčšom počte sa zúčastnili v predchádzajúcich školských rokoch a tiež na to, že mnohí záujemcovia o vzdelávanie si nenašli relevantnú ponuku vzdelávania.
Štruktúra kontinuálneho vzdelávania za školský rok 2014/15:
- Aktualizačné – 2 absolvované školenia
- Inovačné – 1 absolvované školenie
Očakávaný proces
Požiadavky na ďalšie vzdelávanie v školskom roku 2015/16 boli predložené zo strany pedagógov v osobných plánoch profesijného rastu. Pedagogický kolektív má permanentný záujem o rôzne formy ďalšieho vzdelávania.
Svoj záujem o rôzne formy vzdelávania prejavilo 14 pedagogických zamestnancov. Zúčastniť sa kontinuálneho vzdelávania chce 11 zamestnancov školy, predovšetkým formou aktualizačného a inovačného vzdelávania. Na vykonanie druhej atestácie sa pripravujú dva zamestnanci.
Zamestnanci deklarujú záujem sa zúčastňovať vzdelávacích aktivít aj mimo kontinuálneho vzdelávania, predovšetkým účasťou na ďalších vzdelávacích podujatiach organizovaných rôznymi odbornými organizáciami a profesijnými združeniami. Koordinátori jednotlivých školských projektov sa budú zúčastňovať vzdelávacích aktivít organizovaných vyhlasovateľmi projektov. U členov pedagogického kolektívu je prítomný potenciál na permanentné samovzdelávanie, predovšetkým v oblasti
inovačných a alternatívnych metód vo vyučovaní, ako i v oblasti zlepšenia zručností pri práci s IKT.
Zaradenie ďalších pedagogických zamestnancov na vzdelávanie bude postupne realizované podľa ich záujmu a potrieb školy. Predpokladáme, že kontinuálneho vzdelávania sa v aktuálnom školskom roku zúčastní väčší počet zamestnancov, ako minulý školský rok (odhad: 8 zamestnancov). Vzdelávanie budeme riadiť spôsobom, aby bolo zmysluplné pre školu aj pedagogického zamestnanca. Budeme vykonávať poradenskú činnosť pre pedagógov, aby vopred vedeli, ktoré školenia sú potrebné z pohľadu školy.
Na základe bodu č. 13 §47a), časť VII zákona 317/2009 Z.z. (Zákon o pedagogických zamestnancoch a odborných zamestnancoch a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov) v súlade so závermi porady riaditeľov škôl a školských zariadení v zriaďovateľskej pôsobnosti Bratislavského samosprávneho kraja škola zverejňuje na verejne prístupnom mieste (webová stránka školy: www.gympaba.sk) informácie o absolvovaných školeniach kontinuálneho vzdelávania a o získaných kreditoch.
Zaradenie ďalších pedagogických zamestnancov na vzdelávanie bude postupne realizované podľa ich záujmu a potrieb školy. Vzdelávanie budeme koordinovať spôsobom, aby bolo zmysluplné pre školu aj pedagogického zamestnanca. Budeme vykonávať poradenskú činnosť pre pedagógov, aby vopred vedeli, ktoré školenia sú potrebné z pohľadu školy.
5. PROFILÁCIA ŠKOLY
Škola je štátna rozpočtová organizácia. Poskytuje vzdelávanie žiakom vo veku 12 – 19 rokov. Realizuje vyučovanie v študijnom odbore 7902 J (7902 5) gymnázium. Študijné zamerania:
Osemročné štúdium
7902 5 14 gymnázium, ekológia a cudzie jazyky
7902 5 74 gymnázium, bilingválne štúdium
7902 J gymnázium
Päťročné štúdium
7902 5 74 gymnázium, bilingválne štúdium
Školské vzdelávacie programy: európske štúdia (osemročné štúdium), európske štúdia (päťročné a osemročné bilingválne štúdium).
Podľa inovovaných školských vzdelávacích programov škola postupuje od 01. 09. 2015 počnúc triedami príma A, príma B, kvinta A, prvá A a prvá B (v zmysle označenia v školskom roku 2015/16)
5. VÍZIA
Pokračovať v realizácii vyučovania vo všetkých typoch štúdia. Naďalej realizovať vyučovanie, ktoré má svoje dlhoročné tradície v 8-ročnom štúdiu a vychádza z medzinárodných skúseností spolupráce štyroch krajín stredoeurópskeho priestoru (Česko, Maďarsko, Rakúsko a Slovensko).
Pokračovať v rozvíjaní vyučovania v 5-ročnom bilingválnom študijnom zameraní. Ponúknuť žiakom adekvátne vzdelávanie v dvoch vyučovacích jazykoch a dosiahnuť ich konkurencieschopnosť na prijímacích skúškach na Slovensku a v zahraničí. Zabezpečiť pôsobenie lektorov a ponúknuť žiakom zahraničné študijné pobytky.
Zabezpečiť implementáciu inovovaných školských vzdelávacích programov.
Vzdelávanie pedagógov uskutočňovať s cieľom realizovať také formy, metódy a obsah vzdelávania, ktoré vyhovujú vízie školy a požiadavkám súčasnej generácie žiakov.
Pedagógmi získané vedomosti a zručnosti implementovať bezodkladne do vyučovacieho procesu a tým skvalitniť a zatraktívniť vyučovací proces pre žiaka. Využívať bohaté možnosti realizácie moderných vyučovacích metód, ktoré ponúkajú odborné učebne v škole, ktoré boli vybudované v uplynulých rokoch. Týmto spôsobom pedagogickí zamestnanci môžu realizovať nadobudnuté poznatkov v oblasti využívania modernej multimediálnej techniky vo vyučovaní.
6. PLÁN KONTINUÁLNEHO VZDELÁVANIA
Plán kontinuálneho vzdelávania školy vychádza z plánov predmetových komisií a osobných plánov profesijného rastu pedagogického a odborného zamestnanca.
Zostavovanie a spracovanie tohto plánu prechádza trojstupňovým modelom.
1. Pedagogický zamestnanci vo svojich osobných plánoch profesijného rastu deklarujú svoj záujem o rôzne typy aktivít a formy vzdelávania.
2. Osobné plány sú konzultované v rámci predmetových komisií, aby sa zosúladili s potrebami jednotlivých predmetov.
3. Osobné plány sú analyzované vedením školy z pohľadu zabezpečenia kvalitného vyučovania a aktuálnych potrieb školy.
7. Systém merania a kontroly
1. Vedenie školy a vedúci predmetových komisií budú sledovať nasledovné ukazovatele:
- umožnenie kontinuálneho vzdelávania podľa záujmu a proporčne medzi členmi PK a PK navzájom tak, aby vzdelávací proces učiteľov nenarušil vo významnej miere vzdelávací proces žiakov,
- aký je prínos vzdelávacieho procesu pre pedagogického zamestnanca,
- aký je prínos vzdelávacieho procesu pre daný predmet a vyučovací proces,
- aktívne uplatňovanie nadobudnutých poznatkov a zručností vo výchovno-vzdelávacom procese,
- poskytnutie informácií zo školenia ostatným členom predmetovej komisie.
2. Sledovanie bodov podľa predchádzajúceho zoznamu bude vykonané nasledovným spôsobom:
- autoevalvácia (správa o školení podaná na zasadnutí predmetovej komisie – vlastné zhodnotenie školenia, správa je súčasťou zápisnice z predmetovej komisie),
- vyhodnotenie školení za školský rok za daného predmetu predsedom predmetovej komisie, toto vyhodnotenie je súčasťou hodnotiacej správy predmetovej komisie,
- dotazníky (zistiť využiteľnosť a užitočnosť nadobudnutých vedomostí a zručností, ako boli využité v procese vyučovania).
3. Činnosti uvádzané v bodoch 1 a 2 sa budú realizovať z nasledovných dôvodov
- zistiť prínos školení pre zamestnanca a vzdelávanie v škole,
- zistiť využitie nových informácií v procese vzdelávania,
- podanie spätej väzby inštitúciám, ktoré realizujú vzdelávanie.
Pedagógmi získané vedomosti a zručnosti sa budú implementovať bezodkladne do vyučovacieho procesu a tým budeme skvalitňovať a zatraktívňovať vyučovací proces pre
žiaka. Podľa kapacitných možností budeme pokračovať v budovaní odborných učební a vybavovať ich modernými vyučovacími prostriedkami. Týmto spôsobom umožníme pedagogom realizáciu nadobudnutých poznatkov v oblasti využívania modernej multimediálnej techniky vo vyučovaní.
II. CHARAKTERISTIKA ŠKOLSKÉHO VZDELÁVACIEHO PROGRAMU
1. PEDAGOGICKÝ PRINCÍP ŠKOLY
Tieto inovované školské vzdelávacie programy vznikli na základe inovovaných štátnych vzdelávacích programov. Úmyslom bolo prispôsobiť pôvodné školské vzdelávacie programy aktuálnym predpisom a pokračovať v realizácii existujúcich trendov vo vyučovaní v podmienkach našej školy. Máme tu na mysli predovšetkým smerovanie výchovno-vzdelávacej činnosti k využívaniu vedomostí a zručností v praktickom živote a kladenie dôrazu na výstupy našej činnosti. Žiaka je potrebné viesť k ucelenému chápaniu sveta uplatňovaním medzipredmetových vzťahov. Budeme pokračovať v zmene lexikografického súhrnu vedomostí na systémový, aby sa zabezpečila kvalita, zručnosť a samostatnosť pri získavaní a využívaní vedomostí.
Hlavnou náplňou činnosti našej školy je kvalitná príprava žiakov na vysokoškolské štúdium takým spôsobom, ktorý umožňuje žiakovi úspešne sa uchádzať o vysokoškolské štúdium v odbore preňho najatráktívnejšom.
Hlavné priority vzdelávania:
- poskytnúť žiakom ucelený základný systém vedomostí a zručností s vysokým stupňom ovládania,
- smerovať žiakov k rozvoju tohto systému podľa individuálnych schopností, pričom žiak má byť pri tejto činnosti čo najviac aktivným prvkom,
- prostredníctvom voliteľných predmetov prehlbiť vedomosti a schopnosti žiakov do miery, ktorá im umožní sa uchádzať o vysokoškolské štúdium v príslušnom odbore,
- dosiahnuť ucelený systém základných vedomostí, ktoré sú predpokladom efektívneho rozvoja schopnosti žiaka,
- viest' žiaka spôsobom, ktorý priebežne zabezpečuje výchovu kompetentnej osobnosti,
- vhodnou motiváciou dosiahnuť u žiaka, aby zmysluplne a kriticky vyhľadával informácie z rozmaitých zdrojov a aby bol schopný tieto informácie sprostredkovať,
- viest' žiakov k tímovej práci v triede na projektoch a v mimoškolskej činnosti,
- nabádať žiakov k tvorbe sociálno-komunikačného prostredia vo vyučovacom procese,
- podporovať talentovaných žiakov,
- pristupovať k žiakovi ako individuálnej osobnosti (rôzne stupne ovládania učiva hodnotiť pozitívnym spôsobom),
- vedieť motivovať a nabádať k práci aj žiaka s menšími individuálnymi predpokladmi a umožňovať mu zažiť úspechy v škole (žiakom s individuálnymi výchovno-vzdelávacími potrebami aj rešpektovaním ich daností),
- výchovno – vzdelávaciu činnosť smerovať k priprave pre život, aby sa žiak usiloval samostatne a tvorivo mysliť',
- podporovať činnosti, ktoré sekundárne posilňujú hlavné priority (motivácia pedagogického kolektívu, spolupráca s rodičmi),
- aktívne zapájať žiakov do mimovyučovacích a mimoškolských činností,
formovať u žiakov zdravý životný štýl, emocionálnu inteligenciu, sociálne cítenie, kritický a zároveň konštruktívny postoj k problémom, ktoré žiak okolo seba nachádza,
- rešpektovaním humanistických, morálnych a demokratických princípov v škole viest' žiakov k chápaniu týchto princípov ako samozrejmej súčasti života slobodného človeka,
- naučiť žiaka sebapoznaniu, sebaovládaniu a schopnosti riešiť problémy
- pre lepšiu adaptáciu nových žiakov a vytvorenie dobrej atmosféry v triede (prímky a prvé ročníky) zabezpečiť s výchovnou poradkyňou a školskou psychologičkou v priebehu septembra šesťhodinový kurz (odbúranie trémy, stresu a zlých návykov pri učení)
- triednické hodiny využiť efektívne na riešenie problémov žiakov (dochádzka, výchovno-vzdelávacie výsledky, vzťah žiak – učiteľ, vzťah žiak – rodič, vzťah žiak – žiak)
2. ZAMERANIE ŠKOLY A STUPEŇ VZDEĽANIA
Škola organizáciou štúdia v päťročnom a osemročnom studijnom programe s rozličnými školskými vzdelávacími programami poskytuje študijné možnosti pre široký okruh uchádzačov. Školské vzdelávacie programy vznikli transformáciou dlhodobo overovaných študijných zameraní, na základe vlastného výskumu, tvorby pedagógov školy a medzinárodnej spolupráce. Z tohto dôvodu je možné považovať tieto programy za časom aj praxou overené. Doteraz používaný systém obohatíme v našich podmienkach o „nové“ prvky, ktoré nachádzali cestu k našim pedagógom postupne už pred niekoľkými rokmi.
Charakteristické črty našich vzdelávacích programov:
- v osemročnom vzdelávacom programe európske štúdia vyučujeme integrovaný predmet európske štúdia na základe medzinárodných skúseností metódou CLIL ako posilnenie vyučovania anglického jazyka,
- v päťročnom bilingválnom vzdelávacom programe poskytujeme dlhodobú výuku biológie, chémie a predmetu európske štúdia v anglickom jazyku,
Výhody nášho systému:
- overené, stále aktuálne a vyhľadávané vzdelávacie programy,
- zachovaná taká štruktúra predmetov, ktorá je v súlade s dlhodobým záujmom žiakov o predmety v súvislosti s maturitnou skúškou,
- zvýšený počet voliteľných hodín v predposlednom a poslednom ročníku štúdia.
Nevýhody:
- vyplývajú z očakávanej tendencie zníženia počtu tried na osemročných gymnáziách v zmysle zákona,
- pri tvorbe plánov nebolo možné vždy eliminovať málo efektívne nízke hodinové dotácie v jednotlivých ročníkoch.
Konkrétnejší pohľad je uvedený v tabuľke SWOT analýzy.
| S – Silné stránky | W – Slabé stránky |
|-------------------|-------------------|
| - odbornosť pedagógov | - technický stav počítačov |
| - úroveň jazykového vzdelávania | - nedostatočné mzdové finančné prostriedky |
| - cezhraničná spolupráca | - zastaralá vybavenosť kabinetov |
| - úspešnosť na prijímaní na VŠ | |
| - ekologické aktivity | |
| - športová činnosť | |
| - mimoškolská činnosť | |
| - mimovyučovacia činnosť | |
| - ponuka krúžkov | |
| - projektová činnosť | |
| - moderný vonk. športový areál | |
| - spolupráca s pedag. inštitúciami | |
| - spolupráca s VŠ | |
| - podmienky pre IŠP | |
| - kvalitná strava v ŠJ, výber z viacerych jedál | |
| - výborná dostupnosť MHD | |
| - nové vybavenie šk. knižnice | |
| - dobrý technický stav budovy | |
| O – príležitosti | Stratégia SO | Stratégia WO |
|------------------|--------------|--------------|
| - dobré podmienky pre vzdelenie žiakov | - udržať verejnú mienku o kvalite výučby | - účasťou v jazykových projektoch zabezpečiť finančné príspevky pre budovanie učební |
| - priprava žiakov na štúdium v cudzom (anglickom) jazyku | - podporovať aktivnú mimošk. činnosť pedagógov | - prostredníctvom projektov umožniť učiteľom nadobúdať skúsenosti so vzdelávaním v zahraničí |
| - širšia ponuka voliteľných predmetov v maturitnom ročníku | - rozvíjať spoluprácu s inštitúciami v jazykovej oblasti | |
| - možnosť konania štátnej jazykovej skúšky | - sledovať požiadavky VŠ | |
| - pokračujúca technická obnova budovy | - pokračovať v technickej prestavbe budovy a predchádzať havarijným situáciám | |
| T – riziká | Stratégia ST | Stratégia WT |
|-----------|--------------|--------------|
| - demografický vývoj | - spropagovať možnosti štúdia v prílahlých mestských častiach | - hľadať finančné zdroje na zvyšenie kvality pracovného prostredia |
| - pokles reálnej hodnoty štátnej podpory | - delegovaním pravomocí rovnomerne rozdeliť potrebné administratívne činnosti | - pokračovať v riešení problémov súvisiacich s úroveňou technického stavu počítačov |
| - pokles kapitálových výdavkov | | |
| - zvyšovanie administratívnych činností | | |
**Stupeň vzdelania**
Absolvovaním celého štúdia ktoréhokoľvek vzdelávacieho programu našej školy žiak dosiahne úplné stredné všeobecné vzdelanie – ISCED 3A (dokladom o získanom stupni vzdelania je vysvedčenie o maturitnej skúške). Absolvovaním 1. – 4. ročníka štúdia v osemročnom vzdelávacom programe žiak dosiahne nižšie stredné vzdelanie – ISCED 2 (dokladom o získanom stupni vzdelania je vysvedčenie s doložkou).
### 3. PROFIL ABSOLVENTA
Rešpektovaním odporúčaní Európskeho parlamentu a Rady EÚ pre oblasť výchovy a vzdelávania chceme dosiahnuť, aby absolvent nášho gymnázia bol pripravený
- pokračovať v štúdiu alebo vstúpiť na trh práce v ktorejkoľvek krajinе EÚ, ktorá to umožňuje,
- nájsť primerané uplatnenie a byť dostatočne flexibilný v spoločnosti, pre ktorú je charakteristický rozvoj znalostnej ekonomiky, rozvoj IT, riešenie otázok trvalo udržateľného rozvoja,
- správne reflektovať súčasnú spoločenskú skutočnosť z miestnej, regionálnej, celoslovenskej, európskej a celosvetovej perspektívy.
Naše gymnázium je všeobecnovzdelávacia inštitúcia, ktorá ponúka na základe dlhoročných skúseností štúdium v týchto zameraniach:
**5 – ročné bilingválne štúdium (európske štúdiá):**
Absolvent získa spôsobilosti v anglickom jazyku na úrovni C1 SERR a v druhom cudzom jazyku na úrovni B22 SERR. V anglickom jazyku nadobudne širokú slovnú zásobu
v samostatnom predmete európske štúdiá. Predmet je zameraný na komunikáciu a prezentáciu postojov k aktuálnym témam.
Okrem predmetu európske štúdiá sa v anglickom jazyku vyučujú predmety biológia a chémia (perspektívne geografia).
8 – ročné štúdium (európske štúdiá):
Absolvent získa spôsobilosti v anglickom jazyku a v druhom cudzom jazyku na úrovni B22 SERR. V anglickom jazyku nadobudne širokú slovnú zásobu v samostatnom predmete európske štúdiá. Predmet je zameraný na komunikáciu.
Absolvent získa počas štúdia v ktoromkoľvek zameraní na úrovni svojich možností spôsobilosti:
v materinskom jazyku:
- vyjadrovať sa výstižne, súvisle, kultivované v písomnej i ústnej forme
- formulovať písomnosti používané v štandardných situáciach
- používať materinský jazyk sociálne zodpovedným spôsobom
v cudzom jazyku:
- komunikovať ústnou i písomnou formou podľa študijného zamerania na rôznych úrovniach v dvoch cudzích jazykoch
- čítať a tvoriť text použitím aj odbornej terminológie k známym tématom (B2)
- pochopiť a porozumieť väčšine filmov v spisovnom jazyku (B2)
- uvedomiť si kultúrnu rozmanitosť poznaním reálnej krajiny (podporované účast'ou na školu organizovaných pobytov v zahraničí)
v prírodných viedách a matematike :
- chápať matematické vyjadrenia a formulácie
- používať matematické modely myslenia a prezentácie (grafy, diagramy, štatistiky)
- aplikovať postupy v každodennom živote
- pochopiť dosah prírodných vied a techniky a zaujať stanovisko k aktuálnym technologickým problémom
- rešpektovať bezpečnosť a trvalú udržateľnosť v otázkach vedecko-technického pokroku
- vnímať vzájomné súvislosti poznatkov z biológie, fyziky a chémie
- presadzovať ekologické prístupy pri riešení problémov
- nadobudnúť manuálnu zručnosť pri používaní technických nástrojov a zariadení
- realizovať v tímе aj samostatne projekty od návrhu po výstup - experiment, pozorovanie, seminárna práca, prezentácia
v oblasti informačných a komunikačných technológií:
- porozumieť povahе, úlohe a možnostiam IKT s ohľadom na právne a etické princípy
- vyhľadať informácie, spracovať a vhodnou formou prezentovať
- vedieť posúdiť relevantnosť údajov
- rozlišovať medzi skutočnosťou a virtualitou
v spoločenskej a občianskej oblasti:
- chápať a kriticky hodnotiť historický materiál
- chápať podstatu demokracie, práv a povinnosti občanov
- osvojiť si normy spoločenského správania a občianskeho spolužitia
- stať sa aktivným občanom EÚ
- komunikovať v rozličných prostrediach
- zvládať stres a frustráciu
- dbаť o svoje psychické a fyzické zdravie
- pracovať v skupine a tolerovať iné postoje a názory
- prejavíť solidaritu a záujem pri riešení problémov
v kultúrnej oblasti:
- vyjadriť vlastné pocití a myšlienky pri vnímaní hudby, literatúry, výtvarného umenia
- vnášať estetiku do každodenného života
- poznáť a oceniť umelecké diela a ľudovú kultúru
- chápať vlastnú kultúru a zmysel pre identitu
naučiť sa učiť:
- poznať silné a slabé stránky svojich spôsobilostí
- dosiahnuť sebadisciplínu a samostatnosť v štúdiu
- vedieť posúdiť svoju prácu
- vyhľadať poradenstvo, podporu, informácie pre ďalšie vzdelávanie a odbornú prípravu
- mať pozitívny postoj k celoživotnému vzdelávaniu
Rozšírené špecifické spôsobilosti absolvent nadobúda vo vyšších ročníkoch v oblastiach, ktoré si sám zvolí. Škola ponecháva pre túto voľbu vo vyšších ročníkoch štúdia vyšší počet voliteľných hodín.
Svoje cudzojazyčné spôsobilosti má možnosť absolvent overiť a prehlbovať počas pobytov v autentickom prostredí (pobyty a zájazdy organizované školou) a účastou v medzinárodných projektoch.
4. PEDAGOGICKÉ STRATÉGIE
Učebné metódy
Modernizáciu školského vyučovania chápeme komplexne. Na našej škole uskutočňujeme zmeny v základných prvkoch výchovno-vzdelávacieho procesu (VVP), predovšetkým prostredníctvom:
- otvoreného vyučovania (výchova celistvej osobnosti, schopnej slobodného sebarozvoja),
- individualizácie vyučovania (rešpektuje individuálne zvláštnosti žiaka, v našich podmienkach predovšetkým pri integrovaných žiakoch).
V našej činnosti budeme aplikovať aj:
- **blokové vyučovanie** (počas blokovej výučby sa integrujú predmety, vyučované v blokoch s určitou časovou dotáciou),
- **integrované vyučovanie** (vedie žiakov ku komplexnému riešeniu problému na základe medzipredmetových vzťahov a k utváraniu nových modulov, ktoré sledujú úspešný výstup študenta na danom vzdelávacom stupni a formujú profil absolventa s vlastnými názormi a hodnotovými postojmi),
- **skupinové vyučovanie** (podporuje u žiakov tímovú prácu a vedie k vzájomnému rešpektovaniu sa).
Zavedenie inovovaných ŠkVP má spestriť vyučovanie podľa odborov a zotrieť hranice medzi predmetmi zameraním sa na zoskupenie učíva do jednotlivých tematických blokov v rámci veľkých projektov s triednou, celoškolskou, prípadne medzinárodnou účastou.
Stratégia vyučovania vychádza z foriem vyučovania, logicky ich dopĺňa a kombinuje výberom moderných metód vyučovania s cieľom naplniť všetky študijné zamerania nášho gymnázia. Základnou zmenou v metódach je vytvorenie predpokladu pre tvorivú činnosť – riešenie problémov.
Aktívne metódy vyučovania prostredníctvom informačných technológií (e-learning, t.j. na on-line a off-line výučba) sa využívajú v čoraz väčšej miere vo viacerých učebných predmetoch vo všetkých vzdelávacích oblastiach.
Motivačnou metódou je heuristická metóda hl'adania faktov (žiaci samostatne objavujú, hl'adajú riešenie, vytvára sa vnútorný záujem o riešenie úlohy a formuje sa vnútorná výkonová motivácia). Postupuje sa krok za krokom systematicky a precízne, reguluje sa správanie a myslenie pri poznávaní a tvorivej práci.
Cieľom uplatňovania nových prístupov pri vyučovaní je kritické, tvorivé myslenie, ktoré dosiahneme postupnými krokm v dlhodobom procese. Na jeho začiatku vychádzame z overených pedagogických postupov a skúseností, opierajúc sa o najefektívnejšie využitie základnej organizačnej formy – vyučovacej hodiny v trvaní 45 minút, ktorá podmieňuje tradičné, ale i nové metódy sprístupňovania učíva:
- Slovné metódy – prednášky, vysvetľovanie, popis, rozprávanie, Callanova metóda
- Dialogické metódy – rozhovor, beseda, práca s knihou, dramatizácia, brainstorming
- Názorné metódy – demonštrácia, pozorovanie, exkurzia, inscenácia
- Praktické metódy – laboratórne cvičenia, písomné práce, projekčná činnosť, prípadové štúdie, ročníkové projekty, praktické práce, problémový výklad, didaktické hry, tvorivé dielne a pod.
**Organizačné formy vyučovania**
Z rozmanitých organizačných foriem vo výchovno-vzdelávacej činnosti školy prevádzajú hromadné organizačné formy (v rámci triedy alebo skupín, predovšetkým na hodinách, ktorých žiaci sa delia na menšie skupiny – cudzie jazyky, laboratórne cvičenia, informatika, telesná výchova). Klasické zmiešané a individuálne formy sa uplatňujú v rámci krúžkovej činnosti a v čase konzultačných hodín.
V súvislosti s obsahom vyučovania, typom vyučovacej hodiny a cieľom výchovno-vzdelávacej činnosti v rozličnej miere uplatňujeme individuálne, skupinové a frontálne vyučovanie.
**Organizačné jednotky vyučovania**
Základnou organizačnou jednotkou vyučovania v našej škole je vyučovacia hodina v trvani 45 minút. V závislosti od časovej dotácie vyučovacie hodiny sú rozvrhnuté rovnomerne počas týždňa.
Dlhšie časové úseky (ako vyučovacia hodina) využívame predovšetkým pri vyučovaní voliteľných predmetov (tzv. semináre v premturitnom a maturitnom ročníku) a krúžkovej činnosti. V týchto prípadoch pracujeme so žiakmi na tzv. dvojhodinovkách. Dlhšie časové jednotky sa uplatňujú na lyžiarskom kurze, škole v prírode, účelových kurzoch a účelových cvičeniach - v minulosti známych pod názvom branné cvičenia, v súčasnosti sa označujú ako účelové cvičenia na „ochranu života a zdravia“
**5. Zabezpečenie výučby pre žiakov so špeciálnymi potrebami**
„Pomôž mi, aby som to dokázal urobiť sám.“
5.1 INTEGROVANÉ VZDELÁVANIE
Žiakovi so špeciálnymi výchovno-vzdelávacími potrebami je potrebné zabezpečiť v rámci štandardných podmienok pre vzdelávanie žiakov také, ktoré vyplývajú z jeho zdravotného znevýhodnenia a sú diagnostikované školským zariadením výchovného poradenstva a prevencie. Žiak so špeciálnymi výchovno-vzdelávacími potrebami má právo na individuálny prístup vo výchove a vzdelávaní, rešpektujúci jeho schopnosti a zdravotný stav, na vyučovanie pedagógom s odbornou a pedagogickou spôsobilosťou, na výchovu a vzdelávanie v bezpečnom a zdravom prostredí, na úctu k svojej osobe a na zabezpečenie ochrany proti fyzickému a duševnému násiliu.
V súvislosti s integrovaným vzdelávaním sa na našom gymnáziu venuje zvýšená pozornosť žiakom so špeciálnymi výchovno-vzdelávacími potrebami. Pri individuálnej integrácii sú zaradovaní do bežných tried s ostatnými žiakmi školy a sú vzdelávaní podľa individuálneho výchovno-vzdelávacieho programu s upravenými učebnými osnovami a výchovnými postupmi.
Individuálny výchovno-vzdelávací program vypracuje triedny učiteľ v spolupráci so špeciálnym pedagógom, výchovným poradcом. Žiak so zdravotným znevýhodnením závažnejšieho charakteru je evidovaný ako žiak so špeciálnymi výchovno-vzdelávacími potrebami a škola preňho vytvára individuálny výchovno-vzdelávací program. Špeciálne podmienky vzdelávania môže mať počas celého vzdelávacieho cyklu alebo len počas limitovaného obdobia, čo sa posudzuje na základe výsledkov odborného vyšetrenia. Potvrdenie o tom, že má špeciálne výchovno-vzdelávacie potreby, vydáva školské zariadenie výchovného poradenstva a prevencie na základe odborného vyšetrenia.
Škola má vypracovaný komplexný program práce so žiakmi so špeciálnymi potrebami.
5.2 VÝCHOVA A VZDELÁVANIE DETÍ ALEBO ŽIAKOV S NADANÍM
Výchova a vzdelávanie detí alebo žiakov s nadaním sa uskutočňuje v školách alebo v triedach stredných škôl podľa zákona, so zameraním na rozvoj intelektového nadania.
žiakov, umeleckého nadania žiakov, športového nadania žiakov, praktického nadania žiakov.
Intelektovým nadaním žiakov sa rozumie vysoko nadpriemerne rozvinuté poznávacie schopnosti so schopnosťami pre vysoké výkony v jednej alebo viacerých intelektových oblastiach. Výchova a vzdelávanie týchto detí a žiakov si vyžaduje špecifický prístup, metódy, formy i obsah.
Umelecké nadanie žiakov sa prejavuje v niektorej z umeleckých oblastí, a to napríklad vo výtvarnej, hudobnej, literárno-dramatickej, tanečnej a ďalších.
Športové nadanie žiakov sa prejavuje v niektorej z mnohých oblastí individuálneho alebo kolektívneho športu.
Praktické nadanie žiakov sa prejavuje vysokou úrovňou manuálnych zručností v konkrétnych praktických činnostiach alebo v sociálnych zručnostiach.
Zamerania našej školy dávajú možnosť žiakom zamerat' sa na svoje schopnosti predovšetkým na základe jazykového nadania (európske štúdiá). Nadanie žiakov budeme rozvíjať predovšetkým individuálnym prístupom, aj vužitím voliteľných predmetov, rozmanitou krúžkovou činnosťou, mimoškolskými aktivitami s možnosťou prezentácie a overovania výkonov.
Individuálne podmienky pre rozvíjanie nadania žiakov vytvárame tým, že im umožňujeme
- vzdelávať sa v predmetoch vzdelávacieho programu školy,
- uplatňovať špecifické výchovné a vzdelávacie metódy a organizačné formy vyučovania,
- vzdelávať sa podľa individuálneho vzdelávacieho plánu.
Organizácia výchovy a vzdelávania žiakov s nadáním
- riaditeľka školy upravuje v školskom vzdelávacom programe organizáciu výchovy a vzdelávania tak, aby zohľadňovala požiadavky a špecifiká výchovy a vzdelávania žiakov.
- vyučujúci zabezpečujú rozšírené vyučovanie určených predmetov.
Riaditeľka školy môže rozhodnúť o preradení alebo o vylúčení žiaka zo vzdelávacieho programu pre neplnenie požiadaviek.
6. ZAČLENEŇENIE PRIEREZOVÝCH TÉM
Prierezové témy sú začlenené do vzdelávacích oblastí a prostredníctvom nich do jednotlivých predmetov. Prierezové témy majú nadpredmetový charakter, z tohto dôvodu neurčujeme striktné, ktorá téma v ktorom predmete sa bude realizovať a uplatňovať. Napriek tomu určujeme pridelenie prierezových tém nasledovným spôsobom jednotlivým vzdelávacím oblastiam:
Prierezové témy (gymnázia, 5R, 8R):
| 1. osobnostný a sociálny rozvoj | Všetky vzdelávacie oblasti |
|---------------------------------|---------------------------|
| 2. environmentálna výchova | Človek a príroda |
| 3. mediálna výchova | Matematika a práca s informáciami |
| 4. multikultúrna výchova | Človek a spoločnosť |
| 5. ochrana života a zdravia | Zdravie a pohyb |
Toto zadelenie znamená, že dané vzdelávacie oblasti a hlavne ich koordinátori garantujú začlenenie prierezových tém do svojich osnov. Na druhej strane sa očakáva, že prierezové témy sa budú prelínat mnohými predmetmi a to nielen tými, ktoré sú začlenené v tej istej vzdelávacej oblasti. Prierezová téma č. 5 sa bude realizovať blokovým spôsobom. Osobnostný a sociálny rozvoj budeme realizovať aj formou kurzu na začiatku školského roka. Hlavným garantom tohto kurzu bude výchovná poradkyňa v spolupráci so školskou psychologičkou za účasti triednych učiteľov. Dopravnú výchovu, ako súčasť prierezovej témy č. 5 budeme realizovať v rámci cvičení „Ochrana života a zdravia“ a triednických hodín.
III. VNÚTORNÝ SYSTÉM KONTROLY A HODNOTENIA
1. HODNOTENIE VZDELÁVACÍCH VÝSLEDKOV PRÁCE ŽIAKOV
Hodnotenie žiaka má byť motivačiou činnosti žiaka. Známka nemá byť trestom, ale ohodnotením kompetencii žiaka. Žiak si musí uvedomiť, že známka je informácia pre neho a jeho zákonných zástupcov o miere ovládania učiva, ako aj prostriedkom na sledovanie jeho dlhodobého vývoja. Pri slovnom hodnotení je potrebné zohľadňovať individuálne schopnosti žiaka, aby známky nerozdeľovali žiakov na úspešných a neúspešných. Súčasťou hodnotenia je tiež povzbudenie do ďalšej práce, návod, ako postupovať pri odstraňovaní nedostatkov.
Pri hodnotení učebných výsledkov žiakov so špeciálnymi výchovno-vzdelávacími potrebami sa bude brať do úvahy možný vplyv zdravotného znevýhodnenia žiaka na jeho školský výkon.
Budeme odlišovať hodnotenie spôsobilosti od hodnotenia správania.
Uplatňovanie pravidel hodnotenia a klasifikácie žiakov bude vychádzať z aktuálnych metodických usmernení.
Riaditeľ školy po prerokovaní v pedagogickej rade školy určí, ktoré predmety sú klasifikované a neklasifikované.
Pri klasifikovaných predmetoch žiaci môžu byť na vyučovacích hodinách hodnotení priebežne známkami alebo percentuálne. Hodnotenie na konci polroka sa uvádza v známkach podľa platného školského zákona. Percentuálne hodnotenie musí byť aj priebežne prevoditeľné na známkovú stupnicu.
Na začiatku každého klasifikačného obdobia musia byť žiaci informovaní vyučujúcim o spôsobe hodnotenia. Všetky klasifikované predmety sa hodnotia aj slovne ako aktuálny výkon žiaka, v ktorom učiteľ zhodnotí klady a vysvetlí nedostatky. Percentuálne hodnotenie sa využíva pri priebežnom hodnotení žiaka a pri hodnotení jeho celkového prospechu za dané obdobie. V závere jednotlivých klasifikačných období sa žiak hodnotí známkou.
Žiaci musia byť oboznámení so stupnicou hodnotenia pre každý predmet. Návrh percentuálneho hodnotenia je v metodickom usmernení klasifikačného poriadku a odporúčame jednotlivým predmetovým komisiám preštudovať percentuálne hodnotenie žiakov a upraviť ho na konkrétne podmienky školy. Jednotlivé predmetové komisie zápisnične stanovia platnú klasifikačnú stupnicu, ktorá zohľadňuje špecifické podmienky daného predmetu. Túto, predmetovou komisiou schválenú stupnicu uplatňujú všetci vyučujúci daného predmetu. Vyučujúci na začiatku školského roka oboznámia žiakov a
triedni učitelia na prvom rodičovskom aktíve oboznámia rodičov s platnými stupnicami pre jednotlivé predmety.
Žiak má právo na príslušnú známku, ktorá zodpovedá percentuálnemu výkonu. Vyučujúci na jednej strane je povinný riadiť sa stupnicou určenou predmetovou komisiou, na druhej strane sa mu neodopiera právo pri komplexnom hodnotení žiaka posúdiť aj iné okolnosti, ktoré môžu mať vplyv na hodnotenie žiaka.
Okrem sumatívnych výsledkov sa sústredíme na rozpracovanie formatívneho hodnotenia výsledkov žiakov formou hodnotiaceho portfólia (prostredníctvom predmetových komisií). Predmetovým komisiám odporúčame v portfóliu hodnotenia vyčleniť povinné a voliteľné aktivity, ktoré sa budú hodnotiť. Žiak je povinný absolvovať povinné aktivity a musí si vybrať z okruhu voliteľných aktivít.
Vo všeobecnosti žiaci počas klasifikačného obdobia sú hodnotení:
1. z písomných prací:
- krátke písomné previerky (v trvaní maximálne 20 minút)
- tematické previerky
- predpísané písomné práce
- štvrtročné písomné práce
2. z ústnych odpovedí – každý žiak musí mať minimálne jednu ústnu odpoveď za klasifikačné obdobie
3. z iných aktivít rozvíjajúcich samostatnú a tímovú prácu žiakov (samostatné a tímové projekty, prezentácie, referáty, získavanie a spracovanie informácií, praktické činnosti s výsledným produktom)
4. školské a mimoškolské činnosti podporujúce rozvoj kompetencii žiaka v oblasti súvisiacej s daným vyučovacím predmetom (súťaže, školský časopis, školské projekty, a pod.)
Z povinných predmetov sa neklasifikujú: hudobná výchova, etická výchova, náboženská výchova, výtvarná výchova a výchova umením. Na vysvedčení z týchto predmetov sa uvádza „absolvoval(a)“.
Vyučujúci neklasifikovaného predmetu oboznámi žiakov s podmienkami
absolvovania týchto predmetov:
- primeraná účasť (s ohľadom na rôzne závažné okolnosti, ako zdravotný stav,
individuálny učebný plán a pod.)
- splnenie všetkých povinností a aktívna účasť na hodinách.
Ak žiak nesplní uvedené podmienky absolvovania daného predmetu, v závere
klasifikačného obdobia sa mu zadá projekt s príslušnou tematikou, ktorý je povinný
odovzdať a odprezentovať vyučujúcemu.
Pri hodnotení žiaka, ktorý si plní školskú dochádzku prostredníctvom individuálneho
učebného plánu, postupuje sa v zmysle ustanovení školského zákona.
Učiteľ si vedie evidenciu hodnotenia žiaka a dvakrát mesačne zaznamenáva
hodnotenia do elektronickej žiackej knižky, aby tak poskytol informácie žiakom a jeho
zákonným zástupcom. Rodič má právo na aktuálne informácie ohľadne výchovno-
vzdelávacích výsledkov jeho dieťaťa.
2. VNÚTORNÝ SYSTÉM KONTROLY A HODNOTENIA ZAMESTNANCOV
Hodnotenie učiteľov z obsahového hladiska bude pozostávať z dvoch častí:
1. hodnotenie merateľných výkonov, ako napríklad dochádzka, administratívne práce
(kvalita a dochvíľnosť), práce spojené s triednictvom a pod.
2. pedagogicko-výchovná činnosť
- súlad predmetu s osnovami a časovo-tematickými plánmi (kontrola: triedne
knihy a hospitácie)
- úroveň vedomostí odovzdaných žiakom (previerky - celoročné, v kvarte za
ročníky príma – kvarta a priebežné hospitácie)
- príprava žiakov na maturity, oprava písomných maturitných prác a počty
žiakov maturujúcich z jednotlivých predmetov
- príprava testov na prijímacie skúšky, účasť na hodnotení testov, vedenie pripravných kurzov
- príprava materiálov a vyučovanie odborných predmetov v študijnom zameraní európske štúdiá
- organizácia a príprava žiackych súťaží, predmetových olympiád, príprava žiakov, početnosť účasti a úspešnosti
- organizácia školských kultúrnych podujatí
- účasť v projektoch (školských, národných a medzinárodných)
- uplatňovanie projektového vyučovania a využívanie informačných technológií vo vyučovaní
- organizácia školských exkurzií, poznávacích zájazdov a spolupráca so zahraničnými školami
- koordinátorská činnosť
- mimovyučovacia činnosť
- mimoškolská činnosť
- rôzne aktivity napomáhajúce zlepšeniu úrovne vyučovania (ďalšie vzdelávanie učiteľov a aplikácia nadobudnutých zručností vo výchovno – vzdelávacej činnosti)
- činnosti súvisiace so zabezpečovaním bezpečného chodu výchovno – vyučovacieho procesu
Proces hodnotenia učiteľov sa bude riadiť trojstupňovým modelom. Výsledné hodnotenie bude vznikať na základe samohodnotenia, hodnotenia vedúcim predmetovej komisie a hodnotenia vedenia školy.
Škola v súlade so zákonnými predpismi aplikuje každoročné hodnotenie pedagogických zamestnancov a vydáva svojim zamestnancom písomné hodnotenie ich práce. Aplikujeme 5-stupňovú hodnotiacu škálu pedagógov.
Hodnotenie vykonávajú priami nadriadení pedagogických zamestnancov na základe pracovných výkonov, podkladov od samotných zamestnancov a od vedúcich predmetových komisií.
Kontrolnú a hodnotiace činnosť vykonávajú:
Riaditeľka školy, zástupcovia riaditeľky školy, koordinátori vzdelávacích oblastí, vedúci predmetových komisií.
Metódy a formy kontrolnej činnosti: kontrola účasti, hospitačná činnosť, sledovanie dosiahnutých výsledkov (klasifikačné porady), vyhodnocovanie súťaží, didaktické testy, hodnotenie ukazovateľov obsiahnutých v maturitných výkazoch (počty žiakov a priemerné výsledky), účasť v tímovej práci pedagogického kolektívu, tvorba a sprístupňovanie učebných pomôcok kolegom, mimovyučovacia a mimoškolská činnosť, výkaz aktivít členov predmetovej komisie.
3. HODNOTENIE ŠKOLY
Ciele hodnotenia:
- spätná väzba pre školu
- informácia pre rodičov a žiakov
- informácia o úspešnosti pedagogického pôsobenia
- ukazovateľ úspešnosti školy v konkurenčnom prostredí
Formy hodnotenia:
- zistovanie dosiahnutia stanovených cieľov
- hodnotenie úrovne stavu (dotazníky)
- analýza súvislostí a okolností, ktoré privodili výsledný stav
- skúmanie perspektívnych efektívnych okolností
Vlastné hodnotenie školy
V prvom roku realizácie inovovaného ŠkVP budeme pri hodnotení školy monitorovať:
- úroveň získaných vedomostí a zručností žiakov
- schopnosť vyhľadávať informácie z rozličných zdrojov a ich aplikáciu
- úroveň jazykovej pripravenosti žiakov
- schopnosť využívať environmentálne princípy v bežnom živote
- úroveň podpory žiakov so špeciálnymi výchovno – vzdelávacími potrebami
- projektovú činnosť
- materiálno – technické zabezpečenie školy (jazykové laboratóriá, multimediálne učebne a učebňa informatiky)
- riadiacu činnosť na rôznych stupňoch (vedúci predmetových komisií, koordinátorská činnosť, management školy)
Škola sa bude pravidelne zaoberať analýzou dosahovaných výsledkov, návrhmi a opatreniami.
Kritériá hodnotenia:
- merateľné výsledky žiakov
- spokojnosť aktérov výchovnovzdelávacieho procesu
- stav napĺňania koncepčných zámerov
- úspešnosť uchádzačov o vysokoškolské štúdium
Nástroje na zistovanie úrovne stavu školy budú:
- SWOT analýza
- analýza úspešnosti školy v súťažiach (počet účastníkov a úspešnosť, umiestnenia žiakov v medziškolských meraniach)
- analýza výchovno-vzdelávacích výsledkov žiakov (prostredníctvom pedagogických porád)
- stupeň atraktívnosti mimovyučovacích činností školy pre žiakov (účasť, kvalita činnosti)
- prieskum očakávaní a analýza návrhov
Na základe skúseností a analýzy realizovania inovovaného ŠkVP budeme postupne využívať aj iné nástroje na zistovanie úrovne stavu školy.
4. PLATNOSŤ A EVIDENCIA ZMIEN INOVOVANÉHO ŠKVP
4.1. PLATNOSŤ
| Školský rok | Triedy | Dátum | Pečiatka a podpis r. š. |
|-------------|--------------|---------|------------------------|
| 2015/16 | 5REŠ | I.A, I.B| 1.9.2015 |
| | 8REŠ | P.A, P.B, Q.A | |
| 2016/17 | 5REŠ | | |
| | 8REŠ | | |
| 2017/18 | 5REŠ | | |
| | 8REŠ | | |
| Rok | 5REŠ | | | |
|-----------|--------|-----|-----|-----|
| | 8REŠ | | | |
| 2018/19 | | | | |
| 2019/20 | | | | |
| 2020/21 | | | | |
| 2021/22 | | | | |
Vysvetlivky:
1. 5REŠ – päťročné bilingválne štúdium (7902 J 74), školský vzdelávací program „Európske štúdiá“.
2. 8REŠ – osmoročné štúdium (7602 J), školský vzdelávací program „Európske štúdiá“.
4.2. EVIDENCIA ZMIEN
| P.č. | Šk. vzdelávací program | Zmena | Platnosť |
|------|-----------------------|-------|----------|
| 1. | | | |
| 2. | | | |
| 3. | | | |
| 4. | | | |
| 5. | | | |
IV. ŠKOLSKÉ VZDELÁVACIE PROGRAMY
1. ZOZNAM INOVOVANÝCH ŠKOLSKÝCH VZDELÁVACÍCH PROGRAMOV
Škola realizuje nasledovné inovované školské vzdelávacie programy:
5 – ročné bilingválne štúdium zahájenie
Európske štúdiá 2015/16
8 – ročné štúdium
Európske štúdiá 2015/16
| Predmet | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | Pov. | Disp. | ŠkVP | ŠVP |
|---------|----|----|----|----|----|------|-------|------|-----|
| Slovenský jazyk a literatúra | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 12 | 5 | 17 | 12 |
| Anglický jazyk<sup>a</sup> | 7 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 22 | 3 | 25 | 22 |
| Nemecký jazyk / Francúzsky jazyk<sup>a</sup> | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Európske štúdia<sup>a,g,h</sup> | - | - | 3 | - | 3 | - | 3 | 12 | 12 | - |
| Matematika<sup>b</sup> | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 1 | 13 | 12 |
| Informatika<sup>c</sup> | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Fyzika<sup>b</sup> | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | 5 | 1 | 6 | 5 |
| Chémia<sup>b,h</sup> | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 5 |
| Biológia<sup>b,h</sup> | - | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 6 |
| Dejepis | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Geografia | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 4 |
| Občianska náuka | - | - | 2 | 1 | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Umenie a kultúra | 2 | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Etická výchova / Náboženská výchova<sup>d</sup> | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Telesná a športová výchova<sup>e</sup> | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Voliteľné predmety | - | - | - | - | 2<sup>f</sup> | - | 12<sup>f</sup> | - | 14 | 14 | 50 |
| Spolu | 25 | 5 | 26 | 6 | 24 | 7 | 21 | 9 | 6 | 23 | 102 | 50 | 152 | 102 |
| Celkom | 30 | 32 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 152 | 152 | 152 | 152 |
Predmety vyučované v anglickom jazyku: minimálne 36
| P.č | Značka | Vysvetlivky |
|-----|--------|-------------|
| 1. | - | Vyučovacie hodiny v tomto učebnom pláne sú uvedené nasledovným spôsobom: najprv sa uvádzajú povinné hodiny podľa ŠVP, potom sa uvádzajú posilňujúce hodiny pridané našou školou (zvýraznené červenou farbou). |
| 2. | - | Vyučovacia hodina podľa tohto učebného plánu trvá 45 minút. V prípade potreby škola môže použiť aj iné organizačné formy vyučovania, napríklad blokové vyučovanie trvajúce viac vyučovacích hodín. Druhý vyučovací jazyk je anglický. Z cudzích jazykov si žiak vyberá jeden z možností: nemecký a francúzsky jazyk. V II. ročníku je súčasťou vyučovania týždenný telovýchovno – vycvikový lyžiarsky kurz, ktorý sa realizuje zvyčajnej formou pobytu študentov priamo v lyžiarskych strediskách. Povinnou súčasťou výchovy a vzdelávania sú „účelové cvičenia“ v I., II. a III. ročníku a „kurz na ochranu života a zdravia“ vo IV. ročníku. Tento kurz je organizovaný formou sústredenia v mieste sídla školy alebo mimo sídla školy s pobytom v zariadeniach v prírode. |
| 3. | - | Druhý vyučovací jazyk je anglický jazyk. |
| 4. | a | Ak počet žiakov triedy je aspoň 24, potom trieda sa delí na dve skupiny. |
| 5. | b | Trieda sa na jednej hodine v týždni v jednom ročníku za celé štúdium delí na dve skupiny v predmetoch fyzika, chémia, biológia, matematika a na hodinách, ktoré majú charakter laboratórnych cvičení, praktických cvičení a projektov. Delenie na skupiny je pri minimálnom počte 24 žiakov v triede. |
| 6. | c | V predmete informatika môže byť v skupine najviac 15 žiakov. |
| 7. | d | Predmety etická výchova a náboženská výchova sa vyučujú v skupinách najviac 20 žiakov (je možné do skupín spájať žiakov z rôznych tried toho istého ročníka). Ak počet žiakov klesne pod 12, možno do skupín spájať žiakov z rôznych ročníkov. Tieto predmety nie sú klasifikované. Na vysvedčení a v katalógovom liste žiaka sa uvedie: „absolvoval/-a“ alebo „neabsolvoval/-a“. Žiaci sa prihlásujú na tieto povinne voliteľné predmety počas druhého polroka predchádzajúceho školského roka. Žiaka, ktorý ešte nedovrišil vek 15 rokov, na tieto predmety prihlásas písomne jeho zákonný zástupca. Žiak, ktorý dovrišil 15 rokov, sa na tieto predmety prihlasuje písomne sám. |
| 8. | e | Trieda sa delí na chlapcov a dievčatá. Možno spájať do skupín žiakov rôznych tried toho istého ročníka tak, aby v skupine bolo najviac 23 žiakov. |
| 9. | f | Voliteľné predmety sa do učebného plánu zaradujú na základe záujmu žiakov a podľa organizačných možností školy ako samostatné jednoročné kurzy bud’ ako samostatné semináre alebo ako rozširujúce hodiny na posilnenie vyučovacích predmetov. |
| | | |
|---|---|---|
| 10. | g | Integrovaný predmet, ktorý sa vyučuje v anglickom jazyku. Predmet bol overovaný na základe projektu Gymnázia, Pankúchova 6, Bratislava pod gesciou Pedagogickej Fakulty Univerzity Komenského v Bratislave v spolupráci s Európskou strednou školou vo Viedni. |
| 10. | h | Počet predmetov vyučovaných v druhom cudzom jazyku je 3, pričom predmet druhý vyučovací jazyk nepatrí do tejto skupiny predmetov. V druhom vyučovacom jazyku sa vyučujú predmety: európske štúdia, chémia a biológia. |
| 11. | - | Maximálny počet týždenných vyučovacích hodín podľa tohto plánu je 32. Rozdelenie hodín do ročníkov je v právomoci školy. |
| 12. | - | Na vyučovanie ostatných povinne voliteľných predmetov (okrem predmetov etická výchova a náboženská výchova) možno spájať žiakov rôznych tried toho istého ročníka) a vytvárať skupiny s najvyšším počtom žiakov 23. |
| 13. | - | Podľa tohto učebného plánu sa vyučuje v prvom ročníku 10 hodín predmetu druhý vyučovací jazyk. |
| 14. | - | Predmety vyučované v druhom cudzom jazyku sa vyučujú v 2. - 5. ročníku s 36 hodinovou týždennou dotáciou tak, aby bolo žiakom umožnené dosiahnuť komunikačnú úroveň druhého vyučovacieho jazyka C1. Každý predmet vyučovaný v druhom vyučovacom jazyku sa vyučuje štyri roky súvisle. |
Tento učebný plán a jeho poznámky boli vypracované v súlade v súlade s Rámcovým učebným plánom pre gymnázia s dvoma vyučovacími jazykmi (bilingválne gymnázia s päťročným štúdiom), ktorý bol schválený Ministerstvom školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republiky zo dňa 20. marca 2015 pod číslom 2015-7846/10840:1-10B0 ako súčasť Štátneho vzdelávacieho programu pre gymnázia s platnosťou od 1. septembra 2015.
| Predmet | Príma | Sekunda | Tercia | Kvarta | Kvinta | Sexta | Septima | Oktáva | Pov. | Disp. | ŠkVP | ŠVP |
|---------------------------------|-------|---------|--------|--------|--------|-------|---------|--------|------|-------|------|-----|
| Slovenský jazyk a literatúra | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 31 | 34 |
| Anglický jazyk | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 30 | 2 | 22 | 30 |
| Nemecký jazyk / Francúzsky jazyk| 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 2 | 22 | 20 |
| Európske štúdiá | - | 2 | - | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | - | 12 | 12 | - |
| Matematika | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 29 | 29 |
| Informatika | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Fyzika | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 12 | 11 |
| Chémia | - | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | 10 | 2 | 12 | 10 |
| Biológia | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 13 | 11 |
| Dejepis | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 12 | 11 |
| Geografia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 8 |
| Občianska náuka | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 8 |
| Výtvarná výchova | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Hudobná výchova | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Umenie a kultúra | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Etická výchova / Náboženská výchova | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Telesná a športová výchova | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| Voliteľné predmety | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 41 |
| Spolu | 24 | 5 | 26 | 4 | 27 | 3 | 29 | 3 | 18 | 10 | 202 | 41 |
| Celkom | 29 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 28 | 243 | 243 | 243 | 243 |
| P.č. | Značka | Vysvetlivky |
|------|--------|-------------|
| 1. | - | Vyučovacie hodiny v tomto učebnom pláne sú uvedené nasledovným spôsobom: najprv sa uvádzajú povinné hodiny podľa ŠVP, potom sa uvádzajú posilňujúce hodiny pridané našou školou (zvýraznené červenou farbou). |
| 2. | - | Vyučovacia hodina podľa tohto učebného plánu trvá 45 minút. V prípade potreby škola môže použiť aj iné organizačné formy vyučovania, napríklad blokové vyučovanie trvajúce viac vyučovacích hodín. Každý žiak absolvuje anglický jazyk. Druhý cudzí jazyk si žiak vyberá z možností: nemecký a francúzsky jazyk. V ročníku tercia je súčasťou vyučovania týždenný telovýchovno-výcvikový lyžiarsky kurz, ktorý sa realizuje zvyčajnej formou pobytu študentov priamo v lyžiarskych strediskách. Povinnou súčasťou výchovy a vzdelávania sú „účelové cvičenia“ v ročníkoch prima - sexta a „kurz na ochranu života a zdravia“ v septime. Tento kurz je organizovaný formou sústredenia v mieste sídla školy alebo mimo sídla školy s pobytom v zariadeniach v prírode. |
| 3. | a | Ak počet žiakov triedy je aspoň 24, potom trieda sa delí na dve skupiny. |
| 4. | b | Trieda sa na jednej hodine v týždni v 3. a 4. ročníku delí na skupiny v jednom z predmetov fyzika, chémia, biológia. Trieda sa v 5. až 8. ročníku delí na skupiny na jednej hodine v týždni len v jednom z predmetov fyzika, chémia, biológia a matematika. Delenie na skupiny je pri minimálnom počte 24 žiakov v triede. |
| 5. | c | V predmete informatika môže byť v skupine najviac 15 žiakov. |
| 6. | d | Predmety etická výchova a náboženská výchova sa vyučujú v skupinách najviac 20 žiakov (je možné do skupín spájať žiakov z rôznych tried toho istého ročníka). Ak počet žiakov klesne pod 12, možno do skupín spájať žiakov z rôznych ročníkov. Tieto predmety nie sú klasifikované. Na vysvedčení a v katalógovom liste žiaka sa uvedie: „absolvoval/-a“ alebo „neabsolvoval/-a“. Žiaci sa prihlasujú na tieto povinne voliteľné predmety počas druhého polroka predchádzajúceho školského roka. Žiaka, ktorý ešte nedovršil vek 15 rokov, na tieto predmety prihlasuje písomne jeho zákonný zástupca. Žiak, ktorý dovršil 15 rokov, sa na tieto predmety prihlasuje písomne sám. |
| 7. | e | Trieda sa delí na chlapcov a dievčatá. Možno spájať do skupín žiakov rôznych tried toho istého ročníka tak, aby v skupine bolo najviac 23 žiakov. |
| 8. | f | Voliteľné predmety v ročníkoch septima a oktáva sa pridelujú nasledovným spôsobom: žiak si vyberá 3 voliteľné predmety („semináre“) v rozsahu 2 vyučovacie hodiny týždenne. |
| 9. | g | Integrovaný predmet na prehlbenie komunikačných zručností žiaka v anglickom jazyku. Predmet bol overovaný na základe projektu Gymnázia, Pankúchova 6, Bratislava pod gesciou Pedagogickej Fakulty Univerzity Komenského v Bratislave v spolupráci s Európskou strednou školou vo Viedni. |
| 11. | - | Maximálny počet týždenných vyučovacích hodín podľa tohto plánu je v príme 29, v sekunde až kvarte 31, v kvinte až oktáve 32. Rozdelenie hodín do ročníkov je v právomoci školy. |
| 12. | - | Na vyučovanie ostatných povinné voliteľných predmetov (okrem predmetov etická výchova a náboženská výchova) možno spájať žiakov rôznych tried toho istého ročníka) a vytvárať skupiny s najvyšším počtom žiakov 23. |
Tento učebný plán a jeho poznámky boli vypracované v súlade v súlade s Rámcovým učebným plánom pre gymnázia s osemročným štúdiom s vyučovacím jazykom slovenským, ktorý bol schválený Ministerstvom školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republiky zo dňa 20. marca 2015 pod číslom 2015-7846/10840:1-10B0 ako súčasť Štátneho vzdelávacieho programu pre gymnázia s platnosťou od 1. septembra 2015.
Prílohou školského vzdelávacieho programu sú:
1) rámcové učebné osnovy – vypracované na celé obdobie štúdia,
2) vypracované učebné osnovy – pre ročníky, v ktorých sa realizuje inovovaný školský vzdelávací program,
3) klasifikačné stupnice pre jednotlivé predmety
Školské vzdelávacie programy v úplnom znení sú zverejnené na oficiálnej webovej stránke školy: www.gympaba.sk v kategórii „Štúdium“. | 1d80998b-b312-4cfd-9658-7729dd80e67b | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/slk_Latn/train | finepdfs | slk_Latn | 85,982 |
Saint Mark Orthodox Church
Orthodox Church in America Archdiocese of Washington
Rector
Parish Council President
7124 River Road Bethesda, MD 20817 Church Office: 301-229-6300 www.stmarkoca.org
V. Rev. Gregory Safchuk Office: 301-229-6300 Home: 301-320-0739 email@example.com firstname.lastname@example.org:
Wayne Tatusko Home: 703-573-0585 email@example.com
MAY 19
th
, 2019
DIVINE LITURGY OF ST. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM
4 th Sunday of Pascha. Paralytic. Hieromartyr Patrick, Bishop of Prussa, and his companions: Presbyters Acacius, Menander, and Polyenus (2 nd – 3 rd c.). St. John Bishops of the Goths in the Crimea (8 th c.). St. Dunstan, Abp. Of Canterbury (988). ✢ Rt. Blv. Dimitry Donskoy, Grand Prince of Moscow (1389) Ven. Cornelius, Abbot of Komel' (Vologdá – 1537). Ven. Cornelius Abbot of Paleostrov (15 th c.) Rt. Blv. John, Prince of Uglich, tonsured as Ignatius (Vologdá – 1523). Ven. Sergius of Shukhtomsk (1609).
The Altar Candles are offered by Nicholas Lapato in memory of Tillie Lapato. May Her Memory Be Eternal!
Choir Directors, Readers, Preparers, Greeters, & Altar Servers
TO OUR VISITORS WITH YOUNG CHILDREN: If you are seeking a quiet place to nurse or calm a rambunctious child, there are two rooms off of the main hallway on this floor to serve you. Our library is the second door on the left as well as our teen classroom, the last door on the left, at the end of the hallway. The library has rocking chairs, and both rooms offer comfortable couches and moderate privacy. Changing tables are located in the Ladies room on the upper level and in the Men's room on the lower level.
PRAYER REQUEST – O Christ, You alone are our Defender: Visit and help Thy ser vants who are in need of your help, protection and healing. Among them: Christina Berencz, Migs & Helen Damiani; Shirley & Paul Dean; Margaret Dove; Julia Flick; Marge German; Jurretta Heckscher; Marcella Hydock, Philip Hydock; Patricia Ihnat; Alice Kren itsky; Catherine Mikuluk; David Rodak; Alexandra Sedor; Mka. Alexandra Safchuk; Peter Sielinski.
Please pray for Margaret, Mary Carol Ashley's mother; Ellen Barber's friends Bruce and Pamela; The child Penelope ; Christine Cacic's friend, Carmen; Barbara Freimann's niece Samantha. Marge German's grandson Joshua and friend Louise, who is recovering from triple by-pass surgery, and sister Mary Rodzon; Jurretta Heckscher's father, Stevens; De nise (Dionysia), Godsister of Christina Kalavritinos; Tammy Karas' mother Carole Roberts, and friend Charlene; Olga, friend of Helen Kerch; Mary Everhart, mother of Ted Kooper smith; Kim Lungociu's cousin Doug; Marilyn Macht's cousins Helen, Linda and sister-inlaw Bonnie. Bridget, friend of Skip & Barbara Mersereau's. Anelia Rotunda's father, Ivan; Sharon Sielinski's friend Valerie and her unborn child, and Lucille. Fr. Basil Summer. Don Truitt's parents; friends of St. Mark, Tanya & James Twyman; Friend of St. Mark Lin da Weir; Paula Zabela's cousins Frank McIntyre, who has esophageal cancer, Helen and Janet. Rose Zabela's father Ed Dumm.
Deliver them from sickness and grievous pains. Raise them up that they may sing to Thee and praise Thee without ceasing, through the prayers of the Theotokos and all your Saints!
FAIRWELL PHELPS FAMILY! Today is Dn. David, Mka. Gemma and Andrea's last Sunday with us, their St. Mark family! We will have an enhanced coffee hour following Liturgy as well as some time before the Semi-Annual Meeting to chat, hug and say fairwell to The Phelps!
SEMI-ANNUAL PARISH MEETING will take place today following Liturgy. Hard copy readahead materials are availble in the hall outside of the Sanctuary as well as on the table next to sign in sheets. Please stay for the meeting after you sign in.
SPECIAL STUDENT PROJECT: There are no regular church school classes today. There will be a special student project taking place during the Semi-Annual meeting. Church school students should meet in the Pre-K classroom at 11:30 am.
CHURCH SCHOOL PICNIC will take place on June 9th following Liturgy. Everyone is en couraged to bring a dish to share. We will provide hotdogs, hamburgers, rolls, lettuce, to matoes, onions, pickles & beans. We will also need help with setting up tables and chairs. Please let Nancy Stanton and Stacy Pedersen know if you are able to help with set up.
LUNCH BUNCH: The next ladies luncheon will meet at noon on Monday June 17 @ Il Piz zico located at 15209 Frederick Rd, Rockville, MD 20850. Please notify Paulina Masick by 6/10/ 19 (firstname.lastname@example.org) if you will attend. Carpooling is highly recommended due to the small parking lot.
GRADUATES 2019 Are you or someone in your family graduating from high school or college this May and June? If so, please let Fr. Gregory or Sharon Carter know. We will be honoring our graduates following Divine Liturgy sometime in the coming two months. Please stay tuned for a date!
2ND "ANNUAL" HEIRLOOM TOMATO PLANT SALE! The Truitt Family will once again graciously sell their fabulous tomato plants! The proceeds will go to support Ancient Faith Radio. The plants will be availble during coffee hour either this Sunday (if the Truitt's are here) or next Sunday.
Happy Birthday To You! May God Grant You Many Years!
19 Carol Mary Ashley
Stephen Ilario
21 Coy Williamson
22 Simina Lal Ciubotaru
Renee Zabela
Dominic Rotunda
23 Kenneth Bernstein
Carl Firestone
Cindy Jefferson
24 Nicholas Paul Moser
25 Talia Sieff
ST. ANDREW GOLF TOURNAMENT: Registration is now open for the 16th Annual Saint Andrew Orthodox Church Golf Tournament! The registration form (https://standrew-bal timore.org/files/Tournament_Sponsor_Letter_and_Form_2019.pdf), as well as options for tournament sponsorship, are located on our church website. Cost per golfer is $110, please submit your registration and payment by June 14th, 2019.
ARCHDIOCESAN PILGRIMAGES TO ALASKA: In the year 2020, The Orthodox Church in America will celebrate the 50th anniversary of the granting of her autocephaly as well as the gorlification of St. Herman of Alaska. There will be many events scheduled through out the year, and in each of the diocese, to commemorate the anniversary. One of the events the Archdiocese of Washington, DC, has scheduled is a pilgrimage to Alaska on July 8th - 14th, 2020. The cost is $2,295 per person and includes: 7 days/6 nights accomodation, round trip accomodations to Kodiak from Anchorage, excursion to Spruce Island, touring and sight seeing as listed in itnerary and daily breakfast. Things NOT included: tips, optional tours, al coholic beverages, personal expense, and air fair to/from Alaska. The $2,295 is the EARLY BIRD price per person. That will be available until June 15th, 2019. Sign-up information is available here: https://www.culturallycreativetravel.com/pilgrimage-to-alaska-2020/. A few copies of the pilgrimage packet will be availble on the candle counter. The packet includes His Beatitude's letter regarding the events, information sheet for the pilgrimage itself, trip summary, itinerary and schedule of events and travel insurance material.
Since we understand Communion to mean that we have all things in common, sharing an identical Faith, only those who are members of the Orthodox Church and who have pre pared themselves through prayer, fasting and recent confession may participate in Holy Communion. Following reception of Holy Communion, we should stay in the church until the conclusion of the Liturgy. Our fellowship begins after we venerate the Cross and receive the Blessed Bread (of which all may partake). If you have questions concerning the above, please feel free to speak with Fr. Gregory after Liturgy.
CHILDREN'S BOOKS Two baskets of children's books are now located in the vestibule, behind where the greeters stand and next to the stairway to the choir loft. Children should feel free to borrow the books and can return them to the baskets.
IT'S JUST BREAKFAST: A group of our St. Mark men meet for breakfast every 2nd and 4th Saturday of the month. Second Saturday: IHOP 9490 Blake Ln, Fairfax, VA 22031 at 8am. Fourth Saturday: IHOP 18147 Village Center Dr, Olney, MD 20832 at 8am. Questions? See David Jefferson. Thank you!
DOES YOUR WORK MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN THE WORLD? Now is a great time to join the Orthodox Christian Mission Center. Get all the benefits of applying your professional talents in an Orthodox Christian missionary based non-profit that reaches throughout the world, changing lives and saving souls. Your creativity and energy are what we need! We are currently seeking to fill the positions of Development Director and Events and Ambassa dor Coordinator. Make a difference in the world today and send your resume to missions@ ocmc.org, attention Fr. Martin Ritsi. See job descriptions on the bulletin board in the parish hall!
ST. MARK WOMEN'S BOOK GROUP: The women's book club is reading Tears of Salt for May (Bartolo). This is a biography of a doctor on the island of Lampedusa off the Italian coast. Thousands of refugees fleeing Syria, Africa and Middle East countries end up here in their boats. This is a very moving account of how they cope with this. It's a short read, although very emotional. He makes reference to a documentary film Fire at Sea, showing the horror of this. If you can't read the book, but can watch the film, come join us for an interesting discussion in the library after Liturgy on May 26. Join us. Any questions, please see Joan Mitchum, Mka. Sasha or any of the participants. | <urn:uuid:3265489e-a8de-4f79-bc4b-2b0ddec3e35e> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 9,535 |
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Koncernbankens periodresultat är 30 mnkr, vilket är högre än budgeterat nollresultat. Det positiva resultatet beror på realisationsvinster som uppstått när fonder har sålts av.
Likviditeten per siste maj är 12,7 mdkr.
Den korta portföljen innehåller enbart ränteplaceringar. Avkastningen till och med maj är 0,1%, vilket speglar ett marknadsläge med låga räntor. Den långa portföljen placerar även i aktiefonder och avkastningen är 2,6%. Stiftelseportföljen har en längre placeringshorisont med en större andel aktiefonder som har avkastat 3,1% till och med maj. Avkastningen inkluderar även utdelning.
Alla portföljer har för perioden ett marknadsvärde som är högre än anskaffningsvärdet.
Inga överträdelser av finanspolicyn i maj.
| Marknadsvärde | Kort likv-portfölj | Lång likv-portfölj | Totalt kort+lång | Total Andel | Stiftelse-portfölj |
|---------------|--------------------|--------------------|------------------|-------------|-------------------|
| Aktiefonder | 0 | 4151 | 4151 | 34% | 312 |
| Räntepapper | 3046 | 4493 | 7539 | 63% | 219 |
| Likvida medel | 1 | 361 | 362 | 3% | 32 |
| Total | 3047 | 9005 | 12052 | 100% | 563 |
Kort likviditetsportfölj
Lång likviditetsportfölj
Stiftelseportfölj
Likviditet
| År | Mnkr |
|----|------|
| 1705 | 11 951 |
| 1706 | 11 765 |
| 1707 | 11 676 |
| 1708 | 12 157 |
| 1709 | 12 482 |
| 1710 | 12 689 |
| 1711 | 12 568 |
| 1712 | 12 463 |
| 1801 | 11 830 |
| 1802 | 12 421 |
| 1803 | 11 405 |
| 1804 | 11 728 |
| 1805 | 12 757 |
Accumulerad avkastning per portfölj
-1,0% 0,0% 1,0% 2,0% 3,0% 4,0%
1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812
Kort likviditet Lång likviditet Stiftelse
Accumulerad avkastning korta likviditetsportföljen
0,0% 0,1% 0,2% 0,3%
1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812
Räntefond
Accumulerad avkastning långa likviditetsportföljen
-1,0% 0,0% 1,0% 2,0% 3,0%
1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812
AIO Aktiefonder Obligationer Räntefonder
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KANNANOTTO 23.9.2009
Tietosuojavaltuutettu Reijo Aarnio
Työntekijöiden työsähköpostiosoitteiden osalta sähköisen viestinnän tietosuojalakia koskevassa hallituksen esityksessä (125/2003) todetaan, että jos esim. työnantaja on osoittanut työntekijälleen henkilökohtaisen sähköpostiosoitteen muodossa etunimi.sukunimi@ yritys.fi, osoitetta on lähtökohtaisesti pidettävä luonnollisen henkilön osoitteena ja etukäteinen suostumus suoramarkkinointiin on saatava. Henkilön asemavaltuuden perusteella voidaan katsoa, että hän toimii yhteisössä tietyissä tehtävissä, joihin suoramarkkinoinnilla tarjottavat hyödykkeet ja palvelut olennaisesti liittyvät, ja tällöin osoitteen voidaan katsoa kuuluvan yritykselle tai muulle yhteisölle. Tällöin etukäteissuostumusta ei tarvita, vaan kyseisellä henkilöllä on ehdotetun 27 §:n mukainen kieltooikeus.
Nähdäkseni työntekijän tittelin, ammattinimikkeen tms. perusteella ei voida ainakaan kaikissa tapauksissa ja kaikenkattavasti päätellä, mitä kaikkia työtehtäviä hänelle mahdollisesti kuuluu. Yksittäisen työntekijän työtehtävät määräytyvät tapauskohtaisesti ja työnantajan työnjohto-oikeuden pohjalta, koska työnantajalla on oikeus päättää, mitä työtä kukakin tekee.
Jos organisaation ulkopuolisen tahon on tarkoitus selvittää yhteisön palveluksessa työskentelevien asemavaltuudet sähköistä suoramarkkinointia varten, pelkästään tittelin, ammattinimikkeen tms. käyttäminen saattaa siis käsitykseni mukaan johtaa virheelliseen lopputulokseen.
Mitään henkilörekisteriä ei voida perustaa ja ylläpitää, ellei olemassa ole henkilötietojen käsittelyyn oikeuttavaa perustetta. Tämä koskee myös sellaisia rekistereitä, jotka sisältävät tietoja yhteisöjen palveluksessa olevista henkilöistä. Henkilötietolain kannalta arvioituna yhteisöjen palveluksessa olevien henkilöiden tietojen käsittelyn voi mahdollistaa esim. rekisteröidyn suostumus tai asiakassuhde (8 §).
Työntekijöiden tietojen käsittelyn perusteena voi olla myös henkilötietolain 19 §, joka mahdollistaa sellaisen suoramarkkinointirekisterin perustamisen, joka sisältää tietoja rekisteröidyn tehtävistä ja asemasta elinkeinoelämässä tai julkisessa tehtävässä ja jota käytetään hänen työtehtäviinsä liittyvän informaation lähettämiseen.
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Sähköisen suoramarkkinoinnin harjoittaja vastaa siitä, että markkinoinnissa noudatetaan sähköisen viestinnän tietosuojalain ja henkilötietolain asettamia vaatimuksia. Tietosuojan kannalta arvioituna suoramarkkinoinnin harjoittajan vastuulla on siis mm. se, että työntekijän asemavaltuudesta on riittävä ja oikea tieto, ennen kuin hänen kohdistetaan
suoramarkkinointia ilman ennakkosuostumusta sähköisen viestinnän tietosuojalain
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Probabilistic Airy’s type equation with third order minimum norm
Samir Kumar Bhandari\textsuperscript{a}, Sumit Chandok\textsuperscript{b,*}, Radha Binod Das\textsuperscript{c}
\textsuperscript{a}Department of Mathematics, Bajkul Milani Mahavidyalaya, Kismat Bajkul, Purba Medinipur-721655, West Bengal, India
\textsuperscript{b}School of Mathematics, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, Punjab, India
\textsuperscript{c}Barkhali High School, Barkhali, Amira, Diamond Harbour, South 24 Parganas-743368, India
(Communicated by Reza Saadati)
Abstract
In the present paper, we establish some generalized cyclic contraction results through $p$-number of subsets by using two different types of t-norm, viz. Hadzić type t-norm and minimum t-norm in the setting of 2-probabilistic metric spaces. Our results generalize some existing fixed point theorems in 2-Menger spaces. Some illustrative examples and an application to the existence of a solution to Airy’s type differential equation are also provided.
Keywords: 2-probabilistic metric space, Cauchy sequence, Convergence sequence, cyclic contraction, p-cyclic contraction
2020 MSC: 47H10, 54H25, 54E40
1 Introduction
Numerous extensions have been made to the idea of metric spaces. Gähler [13, 14] created one such extension, called a 2-metric space, in which every third member of the space is given a positive real integer. In these spaces, fixed point theory has developed quickly and various metric fixed point theory conclusions have been provided in these spaces (see [12, 8]).
In 1942, Menger introduced the concept of Menger space which is the particular type of probabilistic metric space in which the triangle inequality is postulated with the help of $t$-norm. Sehgal and Bharucha-Reid [21] generalized the famous Banach contraction mapping principle to probabilistic metric space. Schweizer and Sklar [19] have described several aspects of such spaces in their book. Some recent fixed point results on probabilistic metric spaces may be noted in [2, 3, 4, 5, 7].
The probabilistic extension of 2-metric spaces are 2-probabilistic metric spaces. A special case of the 2-probabilistic metric spaces are 2-Menger spaces.
The concerns with cyclic contractions and proximity point problems have been closely related. Other findings relating to proximity point issues and cyclic contractions in probabilistic metric and 2-probabilistic metric spaces may be found in [4, 5, 6, 7, 18].
*Corresponding author
Email addresses: firstname.lastname@example.org (Samir Kumar Bhandari), email@example.com (Sumit Chandok)
Received: April 2022 Accepted: November 2022
Main features of this paper are following:
1. Some new probabilistic fixed point results using $p$-cyclic contraction mappings have been discussed using different types of $t$-norm.
2. Some illustrative examples validate our results.
3. An integral application is also illustrated here.
2 Preliminaries
Now, we give some important definitions and mathematical preliminaries which are used in the main results.
**Definition 2.1.** A mapping $\Gamma : R \to R^+$ is called a distribution function (see [16, 19]) if it is non-decreasing and left continuous with $\inf_{\eta \in R} \Gamma(\eta) = 0$ and $\sup_{\eta \in R} \Gamma(\eta) = 1$, where $R$ is the set of real numbers and $R^+$ is the set of non-negative real numbers.
**Example 2.2.** The Heaviside function is an example of a distribution function given by
\[ H(\eta) = \begin{cases}
1, & \eta > 0 \\
0, & \eta \leq 0.
\end{cases} \]
**Definition 2.3.** Probabilistic metric space (briefly, PM-space) (see [16, 19]) is an ordered pair $(S, \Gamma)$, where $S$ is a non empty set and $\Gamma$ is a mapping from $S \times S$ into the set of all distribution functions. The function $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu}$ is assumed to satisfy the following conditions for all $\kappa, \mu, \nu \in S$.
(i) $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu}(0) = 0$,
(ii) $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu}(\eta) = 1$ for all $\eta > 0$ if and only if $\kappa = \mu$,
(iii) $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu}(\eta) = \Gamma_{\mu, \kappa}(\eta)$ for all $\eta > 0$,
(iv) if $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu}(\eta_1) = 1$ and $\Gamma_{\mu, \nu}(\eta_2) = 1$ then $\Gamma_{\kappa, \nu}(\eta_1 + \eta_2) = 1$ for all $\eta_1, \eta_2 > 0$.
**Example 2.4.** Suppose that $S = [0, 1]$ and $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu}(\eta) = \frac{\eta}{\eta + |\kappa - \mu|}$. Then it is easy to see that $(S, \Gamma)$ is a PM space.
Shi et al. [20] introduced the following definition of n-th order $t$-norm.
**Definition 2.5.** A mapping $T : \Pi^n_{i=1}[0, 1] \to [0, 1]$ is called a n-th order $t$-norm if the following conditions are satisfied:
(i) $T(0, 0, \ldots, 0) = 0$, $T(a, 1, 1, \ldots, 1) = a$ for all $a \in [0, 1]$.
(ii) $T(a_1, a_2, a_3, \ldots, a_n) = T(a_2, a_1, a_3, \ldots, a_n) = T(a_2, a_3, a_1, \ldots, a_n)$
$= \ldots = T(a_2, a_3, a_4, \ldots, a_n, a_1)$.
(iii) $a_i \geq b_i$, $i = 1, 2, 3, \ldots, n$ implies $T(a_1, a_2, a_3, \ldots, a_n) \geq T(b_1, b_2, b_3, \ldots, b_n)$.
(iv) $T(T(a_1, a_2, a_3, \ldots, a_n), b_2, b_3, \ldots, b_n)$
$= T(a_1, T(a_2, a_3, \ldots, a_n, b_2), b_3, \ldots, b_n)$
$= T(a_1, a_2, T(a_3, a_4, \ldots, a_n, b_2, b_3), b_4, \ldots, b_n)$
$\vdots$
$= T(a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_{n-1}, T(a_n, b_2, b_3, \ldots, b_n))$.
When $n = 2$, we have a binary $t$-norm, which is commonly known as $t$-norm.
In this paper we use different types of 3rd order $t$-norm.
The following are some examples of different types of $t$-norm.
(i) The minimum $t$-norm, $\Delta = T_m$, defined by $T_m(a, b, c) = \min\{a, b, c\}$.
(ii) The product $t$-norm, $\Delta = T_p$, defined by $T_p(a, b, c) = a.b.c$.
(iii) The Lukasiewicz $t$-norm, $\Delta = T_L$, defined by $T_L(a, b, c) = \max\{a + b + c - 1, 0\}$.
Hadzic and Pap [16] introduced a new $t$-norm which is commonly known as Hadzic type $t$-norm.
**Definition 2.6.** $t$-norm $\Delta$ is said to be Hadzic type $t$-norm if the family $\{\Delta^p\}_{p \in \mathbb{N}}$ of its iterates, defined for each $s \in (0, 1)$ as
$$\Delta^0(s) = 1, \quad \Delta^{p+1}(s) = \Delta(\Delta^p(s), s) \text{ for all integer } p \geq 0.$$
$t$-norm is equi-continuous at $s = 1$, that is, given $\lambda > 0$ there exists $\eta(\lambda) \in (0, 1)$ such that
$$1 \geq s > \eta(\lambda) \implies \Delta^p(s) \geq 1 - \lambda \text{ for all integer } p \geq 0.$$
**Definition 2.7.** Menger space (see [16, 19]) is a triplet $(S, \Gamma, \Delta)$, where $S$ is a non empty set, $\Gamma$ is a function defined on $S \times S$ to the set of all distribution functions and $\Delta$ is a $t$-norm such that the following are satisfied:
(i) $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu}(0) = 0$ for all $\kappa, \mu \in S$,
(ii) $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu}(s) = 1$ for all $s > 0$ if and only if $\kappa = \mu$,
(iii) $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu}(s) = \Gamma_{\mu, \kappa}(s)$ for all $\kappa, \mu \in S$, $s > 0$,
(iv) $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu}(u + v) \geq \Delta(\Gamma_{\kappa, \nu}(u), \Gamma_{\nu, \mu}(v))$ for all $u, v \geq 0$ and $\kappa, \mu, \nu \in S$.
A metric space becomes a Menger space if we write $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu}(\eta) = H(\eta - d(\kappa, \mu))$ where $H$ is the Heavyside function which is discussed earlier.
**Definition 2.8.** Let $S$ be a non empty set. A real valued function $d$ on $S \times S \times S$ is said to be a 2-metric on $S$ if
(i) given distinct elements $\kappa, \mu \in S$, there exists an element $\nu$ of $S$ such that $d(\kappa, \mu, \nu) \neq 0$,
(ii) $d(\kappa, \mu, \nu) = 0$ when at least two of $\kappa, \mu, \nu$ are equal,
(iii) $d(\kappa, \mu, \nu) = d(\kappa, \nu, \mu) = d(\mu, \nu, \kappa)$ for all $\kappa, \mu, \nu \in S$ and
(iv) $d(\kappa, \mu, \nu) \leq d(\kappa, \mu, w) + d(\kappa, w, \nu) + d(w, \mu, \nu)$ for all $\kappa, \mu, \nu, w \in S$.
When $d$ is a 2-metric on $S$, the ordered pair $(S, d)$ is called a 2-metric space (see [13, 14]).
It is noticed that 2-metric is not a continuous function of its variables, whereas an ordinary metric is continuous. This leads Dhage [11] to introduce the notion of a D-metric space. 2-metric space is not topologically equivalent to a metric. So, the fixed point theorems in 2-metric spaces and metric spaces may not have any relationship. Dung et al [12] worked in this direction and some important remarks were noted regarding 2-metric spaces:
1. 2-metric is non-negative,
2. every 2-metric space contains at least three distinct points.
**Example 2.9.** Let $S = \{1, 2, 3\}$ and $d(\kappa, \mu, \nu) = \min\{|\kappa - \mu|, |\mu - \nu|, |\nu - \kappa|\}$, for all $\kappa, \mu, \nu \in S$. Then $(S, d)$ is a 2-metric space.
**Example 2.10.** If we consider three vertices $\kappa, \mu, \nu$ of a triangle, then area of triangle may be taken as $d(\kappa, \mu, \nu)$. Then the metric function $d$ satisfies all the conditions of 2-metric.
Probabilistic 2-metric space is a probabilistic generalization of 2-metric space. Wen-Zhi Zeng [22] introduced the concept of probabilistic 2-metric space.
**Definition 2.11.** Probabilistic 2-metric space is an order pair $(S, \Gamma)$ where $S$ is an arbitrary set and $\Gamma$ is a mapping from $S \times S \times S$ into the set of all distribution functions such that the following conditions are satisfied, for all $\kappa, \mu, \nu, w \in S$ and $\eta_1, \eta_2, \eta_3 > 0$,
(i) $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu, \nu}(\eta) = 0$ for $\eta \leq 0$,
(ii) $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu, \nu}(\eta_1) = 1$ if and only if at least two of $\kappa, \mu, \nu$ are equal,
(iii) for distinct points $\kappa, \mu \in S$ there exists a point $\nu \in S$ such that $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu, \nu}(\eta_1) \neq 1$,
(iv) $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu, \nu}(\eta_1) = \Gamma_{\kappa, \nu, \mu}(\eta_1) = \Gamma_{\nu, \mu, \kappa}(\eta_1)$,
(v) $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu, w}(\eta_1) = 1$, $\Gamma_{\kappa, w, \nu}(\eta_2) = 1$ and $\Gamma_{w, \mu, \nu}(\eta_3) = 1$ then $\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu, \nu}(\eta_1 + \eta_2 + \eta_3) = 1$.
Many researchers found many interesting results in this space see [1].
**Example 2.12.** Define the distribution function on $S$ by
$$\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu, \nu}(\eta) = \begin{cases}
\eta + \min\{|\kappa - \mu|, |\kappa - \nu|, |\mu - \nu|\} & \text{if } \eta > 0 \\
0, & \text{if } \eta \leq 0
\end{cases}$$
for all $(\kappa, \mu, \nu) \in S^3$. Then $(S, \Gamma)$ is a probabilistic 2-metric space.
The following is a special case of the above definition.
**Definition 2.13.** Let $S$ be a nonempty set. A triplet $(S, \Gamma, \Delta)$ is said to be a 2-Menger space [8] if $\Gamma$ is a mapping from $S \times S \times S$ into the set of all distribution functions satisfying the following conditions:
(i) $\Gamma_{\kappa,\mu,\nu}(0) = 0$,
(ii) $\Gamma_{\kappa,\mu,\nu}(\eta) = 1$ for all $\eta > 0$ if and only if at least two of $\kappa, \mu, \nu \in S$ are equal,
(iii) for distinct points $\kappa, \mu \in S$ there exists a point $\nu \in S$ such that $\Gamma_{\kappa,\mu,\nu}(\eta) \neq 1$ for $\eta > 0$,
(iv) $\Gamma_{\kappa,\mu,\nu}(\eta) = \Gamma_{\kappa,\nu,\mu}(\eta) = \Gamma_{\nu,\mu,\kappa}(\eta)$, for all $\kappa, \mu, \nu \in S$ and $\eta > 0$,
(v) $\Gamma_{\kappa,\mu,\nu}(\eta) \geq \Delta(\Gamma_{\kappa,\mu,w}(\eta_1), \Gamma_{\kappa,w,\nu}(\eta_2), \Gamma_{w,\mu,\nu}(\eta_3))$
where $\eta_1, \eta_2, \eta_3 > 0$, $\eta_1 + \eta_2 + \eta_3 = \eta$, $\kappa, \mu, \nu, w \in S$ and $\Delta$ is the 3rd order $t$ norm.
In Menger space, we use a function $\Gamma$ which is defined on $S \times S$ to the set of all distribution functions but in case of 2-Menger space (see [8]) we use the function $\Gamma$ which is defined on $S \times S \times S$ to the set of all distribution functions.
**Definition 2.14.** A sequence $\{\kappa_n\}$ in 2-Menger space $(S, \Gamma, \Delta)$ is said to be converge [15] to a limit $\kappa$ if given $\epsilon > 0, 0 < \lambda < 1$ there exists a positive integer $N_{\epsilon, \lambda}$ such that
$$\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa, a}(\epsilon) \geq 1 - \lambda$$
for all $n > N_{\epsilon, \lambda}$ and for every $a \in S$.
**Definition 2.15.** A sequence $\{\kappa_n\}$ in 2-Menger space $(S, \Gamma, \Delta)$ is said to be a Cauchy sequence [15] in $S$ if given $\epsilon > 0, 0 < \lambda < 1$ there exists a positive integer $N_{\epsilon, \lambda}$ such that
$$\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_m, a}(\epsilon) \geq 1 - \lambda$$
for all $m, n > N_{\epsilon, \lambda}$ and for every $a \in S$.
The equivalent of Definitions 2.14 and 2.15 is to replace $\geq$ with $>$ in (1.1) and (1.2) respectively. They are not written in this conventional way. We have presently given them the evidence from our theorems for our convenience.
In our main theorem we have used a complete 2-Menger spaces. Completeness property of spaces have an important role in our results.
**Definition 2.16.** A 2-Menger space $(S, \Gamma, \Delta)$ is said to be complete [15] if every Cauchy sequence is convergent in $S$.
We use the following control function $\Phi$ in our second theorem which was presented by Choudhury et al. [9].
**Definition 2.17.** A function $\phi : R \to R^+$ is said to be a $\Phi$-function if it satisfies the following conditions:
(i) $\phi(t) = 0$ if and only if $t = 0$,
(ii) $\phi(t)$ is strictly monotone increasing and $\phi(t) \to \infty$ as $t \to \infty$,
(iii) $\phi$ is left continuous in $(0, \infty)$,
(iv) $\phi$ is continuous at $0$.
**Example 2.18.** $\phi(\eta) = \eta^2$, $\phi(\eta) = \sqrt{\eta}$, $\phi(\eta) = \eta$ are some examples of $\Phi$-function.
In 2003, Kirk, Srinivasan and Veeramani [17] introduced the concept of cyclic contraction and cyclic contractive type mappings in the context of metric spaces. After that many authors establish various many results on this concept. In our main results, we use the concept of $p$-cyclic mapping in the setting of probabilistic 2-metric spaces.
**Definition 2.19.** Let $\{A_i\}_{i=1}^{p}$ be non-empty subsets of $S$. A $p$-cyclic mapping (see [17]) is a mapping $h : \bigcup_{i=1}^{p} A_i \to \bigcup_{i=1}^{p} A_i$ which satisfies the following conditions:
$hA_i \subseteq A_{i+1}$ for $1 \leq i < p$, $hA_p \subseteq A_1$.
(1.3)
In the case $p = 2$, $p$-cyclic mapping reduces to cyclic mappings. Some recent works on cyclic and p-cyclic contractions may be seen in [4, 5, 7, 10, 18].
3 Hadzic $t$-norm and fixed points
In this section, we have established one fixed point theorem using Hadzic type $t$-norm.
**Theorem 3.1.** Let $(S, \Gamma, \Delta)$ be a complete 2-Menger space, where $\Delta$ is a Hadzic type $t$-norm. Also let $\{A_i\}$ be non empty closed subsets of $S$, and the mapping $h : \bigcup_{i=1}^{p} A_i \to \bigcup_{i=1}^{p} A_i$ is a $p$-cyclic mapping satisfying the following conditions:
(i) $hA_i \subseteq A_{i+1}$ for $1 \leq i < p$, $hA_p \subseteq A_1$,
(ii) for all $\kappa \in A_i$, $\mu \in A_j$, $i \neq j$, $a \in S$, we have
$$\frac{1}{\Gamma_{h\kappa, h\mu, a}(\eta)} - 1 \leq \min\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1, \frac{1}{\kappa, h\kappa, a\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\mu, h\mu, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1\right),$$
where $\eta > 0$, $0 < c < 1$.
Then $h$ has a unique fixed point in $\bigcap_{i=1}^{p} A_i$.
**Proof.** Let $\kappa_0$ be any arbitrary point in $A_1$. Now we define the sequence $\{\kappa_n\}_{n=0}^{\infty}$ in $S$ by $\kappa_n = h\kappa_{n-1}$, $n \in N$ where $N$ is the set of natural numbers.
By (i), we have $\kappa_0 \in A_1$, $\kappa_1 \in A_2$, $\kappa_2 \in A_3, \ldots, \kappa_{p-1} \in A_p$ and in general
$$\kappa_{np} \in A_1, \kappa_{np+1} \in A_2, \ldots, \kappa_{np+(p-1)} \in A_p,$$
(3.1)
for all $n \geq 0$. Now, we have from (ii) for $\eta > 0$ and $c \in (0, 1)$, $a \in S$, $\kappa_0 \in A_1$ and $\kappa_1 \in A_2$, we have
$$\frac{1}{\Gamma_{h\kappa_0, h\kappa_1, a}(\eta)} - 1 \leq \min\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_0, \kappa_1, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_0, h\kappa_0, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_1, h\kappa_1, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1\right),$$
that is,
$$\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_2, a}(\eta)} - 1 \leq \min\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_0, \kappa_1, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_2, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1\right).$$
(3.2)
Let us consider $\min\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_0, \kappa_1, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_2, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1\right) = \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_2, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1$. Then $\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_2, a}(\eta)} - 1 \leq \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_2, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1$, that is, $\Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_2, a}(\eta) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_2, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)$. But by the monotone property of $\Gamma$, for all $c \in (0, 1)$, $\frac{\eta}{c} > \eta$, $\Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_2, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_2, a}(\eta)$. Hence we get a contradiction. So $\min\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_0, \kappa_1, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_2, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1\right) = \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_0, \kappa_1, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1$. Therefore,
$$\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_2, a}(\eta)} - 1 \leq \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_0, \kappa_1, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1,$$
that is, $\Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_2, a}(\eta) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_0, \kappa_1, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)$. Proceeding in a similar way, for all $\kappa_2 \in A_3, \kappa_3 \in A_4$, we have
$$\Gamma_{\kappa_2, \kappa_3, a}(\eta) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_2, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_0, \kappa_1, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c^2}\right).$$
Now, repeating this process $n$ times, we have
$$\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n+1}, a}(\eta) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_0, \kappa_1, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c^n}\right).$$
(3.3)
Now, taking the limit $n \to \infty$ on both sides of (3.3), for all $\eta > 0$, we obtain
$$\lim_{n \to \infty} \Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\eta) = 1,$$
(3.4)
for all $a \in S$. Again, by repeated applications of (3.3), it follows that for all $\eta > 0$, $n \geq 0$ and each $i \geq 1$,
$$\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+i}, \kappa_{n+i+1}, a}(\eta) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n+1}, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c^i}\right).$$
(3.5)
We next prove that \(\{\kappa_n\}\) is a Cauchy sequence, that is, we prove that for arbitrary \(\epsilon > 0\) and \(0 < \lambda < 1\), there exists \(N(\epsilon, \lambda)\) such that
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_m, a}(\epsilon) \geq 1 - \lambda
\]
for all \(m, n \geq N(\epsilon, \lambda)\). Without loss of generality we can assume that \(m > n\). Now,
\[
\epsilon = \epsilon \frac{1-c}{1-c} > \epsilon (1-c)(1+c+c^2+\ldots+c^{m-n-1}).
\]
Then, by the monotone increasing property of \(\Gamma\), we have
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_m, a}(\epsilon) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_m, a}(\epsilon(1-c)(1+c+c^2+\ldots+c^{m-n-1})),
\]
that is,
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_m, a}(\epsilon) \geq \Delta(\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n+1}, a}(\epsilon(1-c)), \Delta(\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_{n+2}, a}(\epsilon c(1-c)), \Delta(\ldots, \Delta(\Gamma_{\kappa_{m-2}, \kappa_{m-1}, a}(\epsilon c^{m-n-2}(1-c)), \Gamma_{\kappa_{m-1}, \kappa_m, a}(\epsilon c^{m-n-1}(1-c)))\ldots))).
\]
(3.6)
Putting \(\eta = (1-c)\epsilon c^i\) in (3.5), we get
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_{n+1}, a}((1-c)\epsilon c^i) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n+1}, a}((1-c)\epsilon).
\]
Therefore, by (3.6), we have
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_m, a}(\epsilon) \geq \Delta(\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n+1}, a}(\epsilon(1-c)), \Delta(\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n+1}, a}(\epsilon(1-c)), \Delta(\ldots, \Delta(\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n+1}, a}(\epsilon(1-c)), \Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n+1}, a}(\epsilon(1-c)))\ldots))).
\]
Hence we get
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_m, a}(\epsilon) \geq \Delta^{(m-n)}\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n+1}, a}(\epsilon(1-c)).
\]
(3.7)
Since the \(t\)-norm \(\Delta\) is a Hadzic type \(t\)-norm, the family \(\{\Delta^n\}\) of its iterates is equi-continuous at the point \(s = 1\), that is, there exists \(\eta(\lambda) \in (0, 1)\) such that for all \(m > n\),
\[
\Delta^{(m-n)}(s) \geq 1 - \lambda \text{ whenever } \eta(\lambda) < s \leq 1.
\]
(3.8)
Since, \(\Gamma_{\kappa_0, \kappa_1, a}(\eta) \to 1\) as \(\eta \to \infty\) and \(0 < c < 1\), there exists an positive integer \(N(\epsilon, \lambda)\) such that
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_0, \kappa_1, a}(\frac{(1-c)\epsilon}{c^n}) > \eta(\lambda),
\]
(3.9)
for all \(n \geq N(\epsilon, \lambda)\). From (3.5) and (3.9), with \(n = 0\), \(i = n\) and \(\eta = (1-c)\epsilon\), we get
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n+1}, a}(\epsilon(1-c)) > \Gamma_{\kappa_0, \kappa_1, a}(\frac{(1-c)\epsilon}{c^n}) > \eta(\lambda),
\]
for all \(n \geq N(\epsilon, \lambda)\). Then, from (3.8) with \(s = \Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n+1}, a}(\epsilon(1-c))\), we have
\[
\Delta^{(m-n)}(\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n+1}, a}(\epsilon(1-c))) \geq 1 - \lambda.
\]
It then follows from (3.7), that
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_m, a}(\epsilon) \geq 1 - \lambda,
\]
for all \(m, n \geq N(\epsilon, \lambda)\). Thus \(\{\kappa_n\}\) is a Cauchy sequence. Since \(S\) is complete, we have
\[
\lim_{n \to \infty} \kappa_n = \nu.
\]
(3.10)
By the construction of the sequence \(\{\kappa_n\}\), we have \(\kappa_p \in A_1, \kappa_{2p} \in A_1, \ldots, \kappa_{np} \in A_1\). Therefore the subsequences \(\{\kappa_{np}\}\) of \(\{\kappa_n\}\) which belongs to \(A_1\), also converges to \(\nu\) in \(A_1\), since \(A_1\) is closed. Similarly subsequences \(\kappa_{np+1}\) belongs
to $A_2$ also converges to $\nu$ in $A_2$. Since $A_3, A_4, \ldots, A_p$ are closed sets, similarly we get $\nu \in A_3, A_4, \ldots, A_p$. Therefore $\nu \in \bigcap_{i=1}^{p} A_i$.
Now, we have to prove that $h\nu = \nu$. Since $(S, \Gamma, \Delta)$ is a complete 2-Menger space, $\kappa_n \to u$ as $n \to \infty$, for some $u \in S$. Moreover, for all $a \in S$, we get
$$\Gamma_{hu,u,a}(\epsilon) \geq \Delta(\Gamma_{hu,u,\kappa_{n+1}}(\frac{\epsilon}{3}), \Gamma_{hu,\kappa_{n+1},a}(\frac{\epsilon}{3}), \Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1},u,a}(\frac{\epsilon}{3})). \quad (3.11)$$
Again $\kappa_n \to u$ as $n \to \infty$ and hence there exists $n_0 \in N$ such that, for all $n > n_0$ (sufficiently large), $0 < \eta_2 < \frac{\epsilon}{3}$, we have
$$\frac{1}{\Gamma_{n_{n+1},hu,a}(\frac{\epsilon}{3})} - 1 \leq \frac{1}{\Gamma_{hn_n,hu,a}(\eta_2)} - 1$$
$$\leq \min\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n,u,a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c})} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n,\kappa_{n+1},a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c})} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{u,hu,a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c})} - 1\right).$$
Taking $\kappa_n \in A_{n+1}$ and $u \in A_j$ where $n + 1 \neq j$, we have $\frac{1}{\Gamma_{hn_n,hu,a}(\eta_2)} - 1 \leq \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n,\kappa_{n+1},a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c})} - 1$. Using (3.4), for sufficiently large $n$, we get $\Gamma_{\kappa_n,\kappa_{n+1},a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c}) \to 1$ and $\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n,\kappa_{n+1},a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c})} - 1 = 0$. So, $\min\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n,u,a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c})} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n,\kappa_{n+1},a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c})} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{u,hu,a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c})} - 1\right) = 1$.
Hence $\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1},hu,a}(\eta_2) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_n,\kappa_{n+1},a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c})$. Since $\eta_2 < \frac{\epsilon}{3}$, we have
$$\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1},hu,a}(\frac{\epsilon}{3}) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1},hu,a}(\eta_2) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_n,\kappa_{n+1},a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c}). \quad (3.12)$$
Similarly, $\kappa_n \to u$, $\Gamma_{\kappa_n,u,a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c}) \to 1$. Therefore, $\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1},hu,a}(\eta_2) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_n,u,a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c})$. Now for $\eta_2 < \frac{\epsilon}{3}$, we have
$$\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1},hu,a}(\frac{\epsilon}{3}) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1},hu,a}(\eta_2) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_n,u,a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c}). \quad (3.13)$$
Now, from (3.11), we have
$$\Gamma_{hu,u,a}(\epsilon) \geq \Delta(\Gamma_{hu,u,\kappa_{n+1}}(\frac{\epsilon}{3}), \Gamma_{hu,\kappa_{n+1},a}(\frac{\epsilon}{3}), \Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1},u,a}(\frac{\epsilon}{3})).$$
Now using (3.12) and (3.13), for all $a \in S$, we have
$$\Gamma_{hu,u,a}(\epsilon) \geq \Delta(\Gamma_{\kappa_n,\kappa_{n+1},a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c}), \Gamma_{\kappa_n,u,a}(\frac{\eta_2}{c}), \Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1},u,a}(\frac{\epsilon}{3})). \quad (3.14)$$
As $n \to \infty$, $\eta_n \to u$ from (3.14), we have
$$\Gamma_{hu,u,a}(\epsilon) \geq \Delta(1, 1, 1) = 1,$$
for all $a \in S$, for every $\epsilon > 0$. Thus $hu = u$.
Next we establish the uniqueness of a fixed point. Let $\kappa$ and $\mu$ be two distinct fixed points of $h$, that is, $h\kappa = \kappa$ and $h\mu = \mu$. We can take $s > 0$, such that $\Gamma_{\kappa,\mu,a}(s) > 0$ for all $a \in S$. Then, by an application of (i) and (ii), for $\kappa \in A_i$, $\mu \in A_j$ where $i \neq j$, we have
$$\frac{1}{\Gamma_{h\kappa,h\mu,a}(s)} - 1 \leq \min\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa,\mu,a}(\frac{s}{c})} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa,hu,a}(\frac{s}{c})} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\mu,hu,a}(\frac{s}{c})} - 1\right)$$
$$= \min\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa,\mu,a}(\frac{s}{c})} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa,\kappa,a}(\frac{s}{c})} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\mu,\mu,a}(\frac{s}{c})} - 1\right)$$
$$= \min\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa,\mu,a}(\frac{s}{c})} - 1, 0, 0\right) = 0.$$
Hence $\Gamma_{\kappa,\mu,a}(s) \geq 1$, $\kappa = \mu$. □
4 Minimum $t$-norm and fixed points
In this section, we give another fixed point theorem using a control function $\Phi$ and $\alpha$-admissible mapping.
**Definition 4.1.** Let $(S, \Gamma, \Delta)$ be a 2-Menger space, $h : S \to S$ be a given mapping and $\alpha : S \times S \times (0, \infty) \to R^+$ be a function, we say that $h$ is $\alpha$-admissible if for all $\kappa, \mu, a \in S$, and $\eta > 0$, we have $\alpha(\kappa, \mu, \eta) \geq 1$ implies $\alpha(h\kappa, h\mu, \eta) \geq 1$.
**Theorem 4.2.** Let $(S, \Gamma, \Delta)$ be a complete 2-Menger space, where $\Delta$ is a 3-order min $t$-norm, that is, $\Delta(a, b, c) = \min\{a, b, c\}$. Also let $\{A_i\}$ be non empty closed subsets of $X$, and the mapping $h : \bigcup_{i=1}^{p} A_i \to \bigcup_{i=1}^{p} A_i$ is a $p$-cyclic mapping satisfying the following conditions:
(i) $hA_i \subseteq A_{i+1}$ for $1 \leq i < p$, $hA_p \subseteq A_1$,
(ii) $h$ is $\alpha$-admissible,
(iii) for $\eta > 0$, $0 < c < 1$, $\kappa \in A_i$, $\mu \in A_j$, $i \neq j$, $a \in S$, $\phi \in \Phi$, we have
$$\alpha(\kappa, \mu, \eta)(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{h\kappa, h\mu, a}(\phi(\eta))} - 1) \leq \min\{\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa, h\kappa, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\mu, h\mu, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))} - 1\}.$$
Then $h$ has a unique fixed point in $\bigcap_{i=1}^{p} A_i$.
**Proof.** Let $\kappa_0 \in S$ be such that $\alpha(\kappa_0, h\kappa_0, \eta) \geq 1$ for all $\eta > 0$. We consider a sequence $\{\kappa_n\}$ in $S$ so that $\kappa_{n+1} = h\kappa_n$, for all $n \in N$, where $N$ is the set of natural numbers. Clearly, $\kappa_{n+1} \neq \kappa_n$ for all $n \in N$, otherwise $h$ has trivially a fixed point. As $h$ is $\alpha$-admissible, we get
$$\alpha(\kappa_0, h\kappa_0, \eta) = \alpha(\kappa_0, \kappa_1, \eta) \geq 1 \text{ implies } \alpha(h\kappa_0, h\kappa_1, \eta) = \alpha(\kappa_1, \kappa_2, \eta) \geq 1.$$
By induction, we get
$$\alpha(\kappa_n, \kappa_{n+1}, \eta) \geq 1,$$
for all $n \in N$ and for all $\eta > 0$. From the properties of the function $\phi$, we can find $\eta > 0$ such that $\Gamma_{\kappa_0, \kappa_1, a}(\phi(\eta)) > 0$, for all $a \in S$.
Now, taking $\kappa_n \in A_{n+1}$, $\kappa_{n-1} \in A_n$ and using (i)-(iii) for all $a \in S$, $\eta > 0$ and $c \in (0, 1)$, we get
$$\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(\eta))} - 1 = \frac{1}{\Gamma_{h\kappa_n, h\kappa_{n-1}, a}(\phi(\eta))} - 1$$
$$\leq \alpha(\kappa_n, \kappa_{n-1}, \eta)(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{h\kappa_n, h\kappa_{n-1}, a}(\phi(\eta))} - 1)$$
$$\leq \min\{\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n-1}, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n, h\kappa_{n-1}, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_{n-1}, h\kappa_{n-1}, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))} - 1\}$$
$$= \min\{\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n-1}, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n+1}, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_{n-1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))} - 1\}$$
$$= \min\{\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n-1}, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))} - 1\}. \quad (4.1)$$
The above inequality holds since $\alpha(\kappa_n, \kappa_{n-1}, \eta) \geq 1$.
We now claim that for all $a \in S$, $\eta > 0$, $n \geq 1$ and $c \in (0, 1)$,
$$\min\{\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n-1}, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))} - 1\} = \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n-1}, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))} - 1,$$
holds.
If possible, let for some $s > 0$,
$$\min\{\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(\frac{s}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n-1}, a}(\phi(\frac{s}{c}))} - 1\} = \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(\frac{s}{c}))} - 1.$$
Using (4.1), we get
\[
\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(s))} - 1 \leq \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(\frac{s}{c}))} - 1,
\]
that is,
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(s)) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(\frac{s}{c})),
\]
which is impossible for all \( c \in (0, 1) \). Using strictly monotone increasing function \( \phi(\frac{s}{c}) > \phi(s) \), that is, \( \Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(\frac{s}{c})) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(s)) \), by the monotone property of \( \Gamma \).
Then, for all \( \eta > 0 \) and \( a \in S \), we get
\[
\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(\eta))} - 1 \leq \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n-1}, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))} - 1.
\]
Hence
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(\eta)) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n-1}, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c}))
\]
\[
\geq \Gamma_{\kappa_{n-1}, \kappa_{n-2}, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c^2}))
\]
\[
\vdots
\]
\[
\geq \Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_0, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c^n})).
\]
Therefore,
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(\eta)) \geq \Gamma_{\kappa_1, \kappa_0, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta}{c^n})). \tag{4.2}
\]
Now, taking limit \( n \to \infty \), for all \( \eta > 0 \) and \( a \in S \), we obtain
\[
\lim_{n \to \infty} \Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, \kappa_n, a}(\phi(\eta)) = 1. \tag{4.3}
\]
Now, we have to prove that \( \{\kappa_n\} \) is a Cauchy sequence. On the contrary, there exist \( \epsilon > 0 \) and \( 0 < \lambda < 1 \) for which we can find subsequences \( \{\kappa_{m(\ell)}\} \) and \( \{\kappa_{n(\ell)}\} \) of \( \{\kappa_n\} \) with \( m(\ell) > n(\ell) > \ell \) such that
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_{m(\ell)}, \kappa_{n(\ell)}, a}(\epsilon) < 1 - \lambda. \tag{4.4}
\]
We take \( m(\ell) \) corresponding to \( n(\ell) \) to be the smallest integer satisfying (4.4), so that
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_{m(\ell)-1}, \kappa_{n(\ell)}, a}(\epsilon) \geq 1 - \lambda. \tag{4.5}
\]
If \( \epsilon_1 < \epsilon \) then we have
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_{m(\ell)}, \kappa_{n(\ell)}, a}(\epsilon_1) \leq \Gamma_{\kappa_{m(\ell)}, \kappa_{n(\ell)}, a}(\epsilon).
\]
So, it is feasible to construct \( \{\kappa_{m(\ell)}\} \) and \( \{\kappa_{n(\ell)}\} \) with \( m(\ell) > n(\ell) > \ell \) and satisfying (4.4), (4.5) whenever \( \epsilon \) is replaced by a smaller positive value. By the continuity of \( \phi \) at 0 and strictly monotone increasing property with \( \phi(0) = 0 \), it is possible to find \( \epsilon_2 > 0 \) such that \( \phi(\epsilon_2) < \epsilon \). Then, by the above condition, it is possible to get an increasing sequence of integers \( \{m(\ell)\} \) and \( \{n(\ell)\} \) with \( m(\ell) > n(\ell) > \ell \) such that
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_{m(\ell)}, \kappa_{n(\ell)}, a}(\phi(\epsilon_2)) < 1 - \lambda, \tag{4.6}
\]
and
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_{m(\ell)-1}, \kappa_{n(\ell)}, a}(\phi(\epsilon_2)) \geq 1 - \lambda. \tag{4.7}
\]
Now, from (4.6), we get
\[
\frac{\lambda}{1 - \lambda} < \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_m(t), \kappa_n(t), a}(\phi(\epsilon_2))} - 1 \\
\leq \alpha(\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, \eta)(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{h\kappa_m(t) - 1, h\kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\phi(\epsilon_2))} - 1).
\]
Since \( \alpha(\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, \eta) \geq 1 \) and applying the inequality (iii), for \( \kappa_m(l) - 1 \in A_{m(l)} \) where \( m(l) \neq n(l) \), we get
\[
\frac{\lambda}{1 - \lambda} \leq \alpha(\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, \eta)(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{h\kappa_m(t) - 1, h\kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\phi(\epsilon_2))} - 1) \\
\leq \min\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\phi(\frac{\epsilon_2}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\phi(\frac{\epsilon_2}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\phi(\frac{\epsilon_2}{c}))} - 1\right). \tag{4.8}
\]
Now, we can choose \( \beta_1, \beta_2 > 0 \) with \( \phi(\frac{\epsilon_2}{c}) = \beta_1 + \beta_2 + \phi(\epsilon_2) \) such that
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\phi(\frac{\epsilon_2}{c})) \geq \\
\Delta(\Gamma_{\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\beta_1), \Gamma_{\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\phi(\epsilon_2)), \Gamma_{\kappa_n(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\beta_2)), \tag{4.9}
\]
holds. Now, using (4.3) and (4.7), we have
\[
\begin{cases}
\Gamma_{\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\beta_1) \geq 1 - \lambda, \\
\Gamma_{\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\phi(\epsilon_2)) \geq 1 - \lambda, \\
\Gamma_{\kappa_n(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\beta_2) \geq 1 - \lambda.
\end{cases} \tag{4.10}
\]
Since \( \Delta \) is a min t-norm, using (4.10) in (4.9), we have
\[
\Gamma_{\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\phi(\frac{\epsilon_2}{c})) \geq \Delta(1 - \lambda, 1 - \lambda, 1 - \lambda) = 1 - \lambda.
\]
Hence
\[
\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\phi(\frac{\epsilon_2}{c}))} - 1 \leq \frac{1}{1 - \lambda} - 1 = \frac{\lambda}{1 - \lambda}. \tag{4.11}
\]
Again, using (4.3), we have
\[
\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\phi(\frac{\epsilon_2}{c}))} - 1 \leq \frac{1}{1 - \lambda} - 1 = \frac{\lambda}{1 - \lambda}. \tag{4.12}
\]
Similarly, we have
\[
\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\phi(\frac{\epsilon_2}{c}))} - 1 \leq \frac{1}{1 - \lambda} - 1 = \frac{\lambda}{1 - \lambda}. \tag{4.13}
\]
Now, using (4.11), (4.12) and (4.13) in (4.8), we have
\[
\frac{\lambda}{1 - \lambda} < \min\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\phi(\frac{\epsilon_2}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_m(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\phi(\frac{\epsilon_2}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n(t) - 1, \kappa_n(t) - 1, a}(\phi(\frac{\epsilon_2}{c}))} - 1\right) \\
\leq \min\left(\frac{\lambda}{1 - \lambda}, \frac{\lambda}{1 - \lambda}, \frac{\lambda}{1 - \lambda}\right) \\
= \frac{\lambda}{1 - \lambda},
\]
which is a contradiction. Hence \( \{\kappa_n\} \) is a Cauchy sequence. Since \( (S, \Gamma, \Delta) \) be a complete 2-Menger space, therefore \( \kappa_n \to u \) as \( n \to \infty \), for some \( u \in S \). Moreover, we get
\[
\Gamma_{h u, u, a}(\epsilon) \geq \Delta(\Gamma_{h u, u, \kappa_{n+1}}(\frac{\epsilon}{3}), \Gamma_{h u, \kappa_{n+1}, a}(\frac{\epsilon}{3}), \Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, u, a}(\frac{\epsilon}{3})).
\]
Next, using the properties of function $\phi$, we can find $\eta_2 > 0$ such that $\phi(\eta_2) < \frac{c}{3}$. Since $\kappa_n \to u$ as $n \to \infty$, there exists $n_0 \in N$ such that, for all $n > n_0$ (sufficiently large), $\kappa_n \in A_{n+1}$, $u \in A_j$ where $n + 1 \neq j$ we have
$$\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_{n+1}, hu, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{3}\right)} - 1 \leq \frac{1}{\Gamma_{h\kappa_n, hu, a}(\phi(\eta_2))} - 1 \leq \alpha(\kappa_n, u, \eta_2)\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{h\kappa_n, hu, a}(\phi(\eta_2))} - 1\right).$$
Now, using the inequality (iii), we have
$$\alpha(\kappa_n, u, \eta_2)\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{h\kappa_n, hu, a}(\phi(\eta_2))} - 1\right)$$
$$\leq \min\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n, u, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta_2}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n, h\kappa_n, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta_2}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{u, hu, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta_2}{c}))} - 1\right)$$
$$= \min\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n, u, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta_2}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa_n, \kappa_{n+1}, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta_2}{c}))} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{u, hu, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta_2}{c}))} - 1\right).$$
Taking limit $n \to \infty$ on both sides, we have
$$\frac{1}{\Gamma_{u, hu, a}(\phi(\eta_2))} - 1 \leq \min(0, 0, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{u, hu, a}(\phi(\frac{\eta_2}{c}))} - 1) = 0.$$
Hence $\frac{1}{\Gamma_{u, hu, a}(\phi(\eta_2))} \leq 1$, $\Gamma_{u, hu, a}(\phi(\eta_2)) \geq 1$. Hence $hu = u$. So, it is proved that $h$ has a fixed point. It is easy to see the uniqueness of the fixed point.
$\square$
Now, we give some consequences of our obtained results.
Taking $p = 2$ and $\phi(\eta) = \eta$, $\alpha(\kappa, \mu, \eta) = 1$ we get the following result.
**Corollary 4.3.** Let $(S, \Gamma, \Delta)$ be a complete 2-Menger space, where $\Delta$ is a 3-order min t-norm, that is, $\Delta(a, b, c) = \min\{a, b, c\}$. Also let $A_1, A_2$ are non-empty closed subsets of $S$, and the mapping $h : A_1 \bigcup A_2 \to A_1 \bigcup A_2$ is a cyclic mapping satisfying the following conditions:
(i) $hA_1 \subseteq A_2$ and $hA_2 \subseteq A_1$,
(ii) for all $\kappa \in A_1, \mu \in A_2, a \in S$, where $\eta > 0, 0 < c < 1$, we have
$$\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{h\kappa, hu, a}(\eta)} - 1\right) \leq \min\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu, a}(\frac{\eta}{c})} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa, h\kappa, a}(\frac{\eta}{c})} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\mu, hu, a}(\frac{\eta}{c})} - 1\right).$$
Then $h$ has a unique fixed point in $A_1 \cap A_2$.
Taking $p = 2$ we get the following example.
**Example 4.4.** Let $S = \{\alpha, \beta, \gamma, \delta\}$, $A = \{\alpha, \beta, \gamma\}$, $B = \{\gamma, \delta\}$, the t-norm $\Delta$ is a 3rd order Lukasiewicz t-norm and $\Gamma$ be defined as
$$\Gamma_{\alpha, \beta, \gamma}(\eta) = \Gamma_{\alpha, \beta, \delta}(\eta) = \begin{cases}
0, & \text{if } \eta \leq 0, \\
0.40, & \text{if } 0 < \eta < 4, \\
1, & \text{if } \eta \geq 4,
\end{cases}$$
$$\Gamma_{\alpha, \gamma, \delta}(\eta) = \Gamma_{\beta, \gamma, \delta}(\eta) = \begin{cases}
0, & \text{if } \eta \leq 0, \\
1, & \text{if } \eta > 0.
\end{cases}$$
Then $(S, \Gamma, \Delta)$ is a complete 2-Menger space. If we define $\Gamma : S \to S$ as follows: $\Gamma\alpha = \delta, \Gamma\beta = \gamma, \Gamma\gamma = \gamma, \Gamma\delta = \gamma$ then the mapping $\Gamma$ satisfies all the conditions of the Theorem 3.1 (see Figure 1) and $\gamma$ is the unique fixed point of $\Gamma$ in $A \bigcap B$.
Taking $p = 3$ and $\phi(\eta) = \eta, \alpha(\kappa, \mu, \eta) = 1$ we get the following consequence.
**Corollary 4.5.** Let $(S, \Gamma, \Delta)$ be a complete 2-Menger space, where $\Delta$ is a 3-order min t-norm, that is, $\Delta(a, b, c) = \min\{a, b, c\}$. Also let $A_1, A_2, A_3$ are non-empty closed subsets of $S$, and the mapping $h : A_1 \bigcup A_2 \bigcup A_3 \to A_1 \bigcup A_2 \bigcup A_3$ is a 3-cyclic mapping satisfying the following conditions:
(i) $hA_1 \subseteq A_2$, $hA_2 \subseteq A_3$ and $hA_3 \subseteq A_1$,
(ii) for all $\kappa \in A_i, \mu \in A_j, i \neq j, a \in S$, where $\eta > 0, 0 < c < 1$, we have
$$\left( \frac{1}{\Gamma_{h\kappa, h\mu, a}(\eta)} - 1 \right) \leq \min \left( \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa, h\kappa, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\mu, h\mu, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1 \right)$$
Then $h$ has a unique fixed point in $A_1 \cap A_2 \cap A_3$.
Taking $p = 3$, we get the following example to validate the theorem 2.1.
**Example 4.6.** Let $S = \{\alpha, \beta, \gamma, \delta\}$, $A = \{\alpha, \gamma, \delta\}$, $B = \{\alpha, \beta\}$, $C = \{\alpha, \gamma\}$ the t-norm $\Delta$ is a 3rd order minimum t-norm and $\Gamma$ be defined as
$$\Gamma_{\alpha, \beta, \gamma}(\eta) = \Gamma_{\alpha, \beta, \delta}(\eta) = \begin{cases}
0, & \text{if } \eta \leq 0, \\
0.40, & \text{if } 0 < \eta < 7, \\
1, & \text{if } \eta \geq 7,
\end{cases}$$
$$\Gamma_{\alpha, \gamma, \delta}(\eta) = \Gamma_{\beta, \gamma, \delta}(\eta) = \begin{cases}
0, & \text{if } \eta \leq 0, \\
0.95, & \text{if } 0 < \eta < 1, \\
1, & \text{if } \eta \geq 1,
\end{cases}$$
then $(S, \Gamma, \Delta)$ is a complete 2-Menger space. If we define $\Gamma : S \to S$ as follows: $\Gamma \alpha = \alpha, \Gamma \beta = \alpha, \Gamma \gamma = \alpha, \Gamma \delta = \alpha$ then the mapping $\Gamma$ satisfies all the conditions of the Theorem 3.1 (see Figure 2) and $\alpha$ is the unique fixed point of $\Gamma$ in $A \cap B \cap C$.
Here we also get another corollary. The corollary is based on fixed point result on 2-probabilistic metric space.
**Corollary 4.7.** Let $(S, \Gamma, \Delta)$ be a complete 2-menger space, where $\Delta$ is the third order min t-norm and $\Gamma : S \to S$ be a self mapping satisfying the following inequality
$$\frac{1}{\Gamma_{h\kappa, h\mu, a}(\eta)} - 1 \geq \min \left( \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa, \mu, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\kappa, h\kappa, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1, \frac{1}{\Gamma_{\mu, h\mu, a}\left(\frac{\eta}{c}\right)} - 1 \right), \tag{4.14}$$
for all $\kappa, \mu, a \in S, \eta > 0$. Then $\Gamma$ has a unique fixed point in $S$.
5 Application to Airy’s type differential equation
In this section, we obtain the solution of the following second order boundary value problem:
\[- \frac{d^2 x}{dt^2} = g(t, x(t)), \quad t \in [0, 1] \]
\[x(0) = x(1) = 0,\]
where \(g : [0, 1] \times R \rightarrow R\) is a continuous function.
Let \(X = C([0, 1], R)\), where \(C([0, 1], R)\) be the collection of continuous functions from \(I := [0, 1] \rightarrow R\) and \(\Delta\) be the 3rd order minimum \(t\)-norm, that is, \(\Delta(a, b, c) = \min(a, b, c)\). Choose the distribution function defined as \(F_{x, y, z}(t) = \frac{t}{t + d(x, y, z)}\) where \(x, y, z \in X, t > 0\), \(d\) is a 2-metric given by
\[d(x, y, z) = \min\{\|x - y\|_\infty, \|y - z\|_\infty, \|z - x\|_\infty\}\]
\[= \min\{\max_{t \in I}|x(t) - y(t)|, \max_{t \in I}|y(t) - z(t)|, \max_{t \in I}|z(t) - x(t)|\}.\]
Here, it is easy to see that \((X = C([0, 1], R), F, \Delta)\) is a complete 2-Menger space.
Now, Green’s function \(G(t, s)\) exists for the associated boundary-values problem is given by
\[G(t, s) = \begin{cases}
a_1 t + a_2, & 0 \leq t < s \\
b_1 t + b_2, & s < t \leq 1
\end{cases}\]
The Green’s function must satisfy the following three properties:
i) \(G(t, s)\) is continuous at \(x = s\), that is, \(b_1 s + b_2 = a_1 s + a_2\) implies \(s(b_1 - a_1) + b_2 - a_2 = 0\).
ii) The determination of \(G\) has a discontinuity of magnitude \(-\frac{1}{p_0(s)}\) at the point \(x = s\) where \(p_0(t) = \text{co-efficient of the highest order derivative, that is,}\)
\[\left(\frac{\partial G}{\partial t}\right)_{t=s+0} - \left(\frac{\partial G}{\partial t}\right)_{t=s-0} = -1 \text{ implies } b_1 - a_1 = -1.\]
iii) \(G(t, s)\) must satisfy the boundary conditions \(G(0, s) = 0\) implies \(a_2 = 0\) and \(G(1, s) = 0\) implies \(b_1 + b_2 = 0\).
Therefore, \(G(t, s) = \begin{cases}
t(1 - s), & 0 \leq t \leq s \leq 1 \\
-st + s, & 0 \leq s \leq t \leq 1.
\end{cases}\)
We have to show that the above mentioned differential equation satisfies the following inequality
\[
\frac{1}{F_{fx,fy,a}(t)} - 1 \geq \min(\frac{1}{F_{x,y,a}(\frac{t}{c})} - 1, \frac{1}{F_{x,fx,a}(\frac{t}{c})} - 1, \frac{1}{F_{y,fy,a}(\frac{t}{c})} - 1),
\]
for all \( x, y, a \in X, t > 0 \).
Taking \( F_{x,y,z}(t) = \frac{t}{t+d(x,y,z)} \), we get
\[
\frac{t + d(fx, fy, a)}{t} - 1 \geq \min(\frac{\frac{t}{c} + d(x, y, a)}{\frac{t}{c}} - 1, \frac{\frac{t}{c} + d(x, fx, a)}{\frac{t}{c}} - 1, \frac{\frac{t}{c} + d(y, fy, a)}{\frac{t}{c}} - 1).
\]
It implies that
\[
d(fx, fy, a) \leq c \cdot \min\{d(x, y, a), d(x, fx, a), d(y, fy, a)\}.
\]
Now, It is well known that \( x \in C^2(I) \) is a solution of given differential equation is equivalent to that \( x \in C(I) \) is a solution of the integral equation
\[
x(t) = \int_0^1 G(t, s, a)g(s, x(s), a)ds, \text{ for all } t \in I.
\]
Define the operator \( f : C(I) \to C(I) \) by
\[
f(x(t)) = \int_0^1 G(t, s, a)g(s, x(s), a)ds, \text{ for all } t \in I,
\]
with
\[
|g(s, x(s), a) - g(s, y(s), a)| \leq c \cdot \min\{d(x, y, a), d(x, fx, a), d(y, fy, a)\}.
\]
Consider
\[
|f(x(t)) - f(y(t))| = \left| \int_0^1 G(t, s, a)|g(s, x(s), a) - g(s, y(s), a)|ds \right|
\]
\[
\leq \int_0^1 G(t, s, a)|g(s, x(s), a) - g(s, y(s), a)|ds
\]
\[
\leq \int_0^1 G(t, s, a) c \cdot \min\{d(x, y, a), d(x, fx, a), d(y, fy, a)\} ds
\]
\[
= c \cdot \min\{d(x, y, a), d(x, fx, a), d(y, fy, a)\} \int_0^1 G(t, s, a)ds
\]
\[
\leq c \cdot \min\{d(x, y, a), d(x, fx, a), d(y, fy, a)\} \times \frac{1}{8}
\]
\[
= 0.
\]
Note that for all \( t \in I \),
\[
\int_0^1 G(t, s, a)ds = -\frac{t^2}{2} + \frac{t}{2},
\]
which implies that,
\[
\sup_{t \in I} \int_0^1 G(t, s, a)ds = \frac{1}{8}.
\]
Also, \( \min\{d(x, y, a), d(x, fx, a), d(y, fy, a)\} = \min\{d(x, y, a), 0, 0\} = 0 \). Therefore by Corollary 4.7, \( t \geq 0 \) for all \( x, y, a \in C([0, 1], R) \) and \( t > 0 \), we conclude the uniqueness of a operator \( f \), \( fx^* = x^* \in C([0, 1], R) \), which is also a solution of the proposed integral equation.
6 Conclusion
In our present discussion we have introduced two $p$-cyclic contraction results on 2-Menger spaces. Two different types $t$-norms have been used here. In our first theorem we have used Hadzic type $t$-norm while minimum $t$-norm have been used in our second theorem.
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the learned referees for valuable suggestions and comments. The second author is thankful to the National Board of Higher Mathematics, Department of Atomic Energy, India (02011/11/2020/ NBHM (RP)/R&D-II/7830).
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[19] B. Schweizer and A. Sklar, *Probabilistic Metric Spaces*, Elsevier, North-Holland, 1983.
[20] Y. Shi, L. Ren and X. Wang, *The extension of fixed point theorems for set valued mapping*, J. Appl. Math. Comput. **13** (2003), 277–286.
[21] V.M. Sehgal and A.T. Bharucha-Reid, *Fixed point of contraction mappings on PM space*, Math. Syst. Theory **6** (1972), no. 2, 97–100.
[22] W.-Z. Zeng, *Probabilistic 2-metric spaces*, J. Math. Res. Expo. **2** (1987), 241–245. | <urn:uuid:7387565e-6ac9-47df-8992-6a7ae6e79841> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 49,772 |
NASA grant to fund STEM workshops at FHSU
A new grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will fund the development of new Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) educator workshops in Fort Hays State University’s College of Education.
The grant proposal submitted by Dr. Paul Adams, dean of the College of Education, is titled “High-Altitude Balloon Launch System to Support Teacher and Student Research.” The $14,722 grant will support FHSU’s efforts as a member of the NASA Kansas Space Grant Consortium (KSGC) teacher workshop program.
“High altitude balloons as a research tool have the ‘cool’ factor of being something that cannot be explored in the classroom. When we fly up to 100,000 feet (over 18 miles high), we enter a part of our world outside our experience,” Adams said. “The excitement and innovation of preparing, flying and recovering something flown to near space to answer a question is an achievement for every student involved.”
Workshops for middle school and high school teachers currently under development in FHSU’s College of Education cover a broad spectrum of topics, including:
- GLOBE Weather
- OpenSciEd
- Operation Primary Physical Science
- Modeling Instruction in Physics and Chemistry
- Matter and Energy for Growth and Activity
More information is available at FHSU.edu/smei/high-altitude-balloon/index.
FHSU’s Kastle recognized by NAMI
A Fort Hays State University professor was recently honored for his work to promote mental health for military veterans.
Dr. Seth Kastle, assistant professor of Leadership Studies and a retired Army first sergeant, won the 2020 Max Gabriel Veterans Mental Health Award from the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI). Each year, NAMI recognizes individuals and organizations that advance NAMI’s mission to improve the lives of people affected by mental illness.
The Max Gabriel Award recognizes a veteran who has demonstrated outstanding commitment to the mental health needs of other veterans. The award is named after Max Gabriel, a decorated Vietnam Veteran from Buffalo, New York who served as the first chair of that state’s NAMI Veterans Committee.
Kastle was honored because of his children’s books, “Why Is Dad So Mad?” and “Why Is Mom So Mad?” and subsequent speaking engagements after the books were published. The books focus on explaining to children why their parents act the way they do when struggling with Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and its symptoms.
“To be recognized by NAMI as a leader in the effort to improve the mental health of our veterans is humbling,” Kastle said. “I feel like it is the responsibility of every veteran to give back to our brothers and sisters in arms.”
FHSU professor to lead national law enforcement training initiative
The Fort Hays State University Department of Criminal Justice and University Police Department signed a final agreement on Aug. 7 to join an expanding national network of regional de-escalation training centers that teach law enforcement officers techniques that can help resolve potentially dangerous confrontations. The agreement will establish the only regional training center in Kansas at FHSU.
The de-escalation model expands the police officers’ effectiveness by giving them the tools to defuse potential situations that otherwise may escalate to the use of force. The training is designed to function seamlessly as a supplement to other proven models of intervention and de-escalation, ultimately helping them better protect and serve their communities.
Dr. Tamara Lynn, department chair and an associate professor of criminal justice, was named president of the National De-Escalation Training Center’s Executive Council and is responsible for coordinating all regional training centers’ activities. In her new role, Lynn will work to secure funding for the NDTC and other regional centers. Her current focus is on securing the funding necessary to train faculty in the Department of Criminal Justice and officers from the University Police Department to become trainers in advanced de-escalation techniques.
The establishment of a regional training center at FHSU positions the Department of Criminal Justice to provide de-escalation training to law enforcement officers from a multi-state region, including Kansas, Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska and Oklahoma.
Quality of life evaluated in 2020 Kansas Speaks survey
When asked to rate the quality of life in Kansas, more than 80 percent of those who participated in the annual Kansas Speaks survey rated the state a good, very good or excellent place to live. Respondents were also asked where they expected to be living in five years, and approximately 85 percent shared that they plan to remain in Kansas. Slightly more than 15 percent shared they believed they would relocate to a state other than Kansas. However, 44% of respondents were concerned or very concerned about future affects of the economy on their family’s welfare.
The primary mission of Fort Hays State University’s Docking Institute of Public Affairs is to facilitate effective public policy decision making among governmental and non-profit entities. Today, a variety of programs and services targeted toward regional development and growth fulfill the Docking Institute of Public Affairs’ mission.
For more information on the Docking Institute and to review the full 2020 Kansas Speaks Survey, go to: FHSU.edu/docking.
Jeremiah Ostmeyer ‘01
Bachelor of Science in Chemistry
Dr. Jeremiah Ostmeyer, a native of Quinter, is on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic as an emergency medicine specialist at Salina Regional Hospital. His dedication, skill and resilience are put to the test daily in the care of our fellow Kansans. | 81aec349-d28e-44ce-97d2-65f43c1cc104 | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 5,783 |
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Необходимо е да се прилага гъвкав и нетрадиционен подход при наличие на противообществени прояви на учениците, да се усъвършенства системата за квалификационна дейност на учителите, да се повиши взискателността по опазване на училищното имущество. Специално внимание се отделя на работата с родители, съпричастни към училищните проблеми, и се търсят нови методи и подходи за приобщаване на родителите към училищния живот, обогатяване на материалнотехническата база и библиотечния фонд. Необходимо е да продължи работата по осигуряване на подготовка, съответстваща на европейските образователни стандарти.
За новата учебна 2020/2021 година беше утвърдена от РУО – гр. .Хасково и реализирана една паралелка за прием за VIII клас с профил " Софтуерни и хардуерни науки" с разширено изучаване на английски език
Обучението, което ще се провежда в СУ " Любен Каравелов " през учебната 2020/2021 година е по следните училищни учебни планове:
1. За първи, втори, трети и четвърти клас
3. За V, VI и VII клас
За осми клас
4. Профил " Софтуерни и хардуерни науки" с разширено изучаване на чужд език
За девети клас
5. Профил " Софтуерни и хардуерни науки" с разширено изучаване на чужд език
6. Профил " Предприемачески" с разширено изучаване на чужд език
За десети клас
7. Профил " Софтуерни и хардуерни науки" с разширено изучаване на чужд език
8. Профил " Предприемачески" с разширено изучаване на чужд език
За 11 клас
9. Профил " Предприемачески" с разширено изучаване на чужд език
За 12 клас
10. Учебен план за непрофилирана паралелка
11. Профил " Природоматематически" – информационни технологии
Училището е обезпечено с необходимата учебна документация, но съществува проблем свързан с осигуряването на подходящи учебници по дадени профилиращи предмети, което налага необходимостта да се прибягва до лекционно поднасяне на материала.
РАЗДЕЛ ІІ.
Мисия на СУ "Л.Каравелов"
Да осигурява високо равнище на общообразователна и профилрана подготовка на учениците според държавните образователни изисквания и стандартите на Европейския съюз в духа на демократичните ценности, широка обща култура, владеене на чужди езици и работа с компютри, гражданска култура и позиция, готовност за трудова реализация, самостоятелност, инициативност, висок морал и стремеж към самоусъвършенстване и бърза адаптивност към потребностите на икономиката и пазара на труда. Формиране на личности с национални и общочовешки ценности и високо отговорно поведение за участие в обществения живот.
Визия на училището
Запазване на високия престиж на СУ "Л.Каравелов" с осигуряване на актуално висококачествено образование пригодно за по-нататъшното обучение и развитие на личността; изграждането на училището, като привлекателно и модерно съвременно учебно заведение, подготвящо търсени и предпочитани кадри на пазара на труда, усъвършенстване на професионалните умения на педагогическия колегиум.
Цели на училището
- Подобряване на материално-техническата база.
- Подобряване качеството на учебно-възпитателния процес
- Осигуряване на условия за физическо, умствено, нравствено, и социално развитие на подрастващите.
- Повишаване квалификацията на учителите
- Изграждане на образовани личности с възможности за реализация
- Участие в европейски проекти
Стратегии в дейността на СУ"Л.Каравелов"-
- Издигане на качествено ново ниво на подготовката на учениците и ориентиране към профилирано обучение;
- Усъвършенстване работата с изоставащите ученици;
- Показване на практическата приложимост на изучаваното учебно съдържание и поставяне на ученика в активна позиция по отношение на знанията;
- Акцентиране върху способностите за самостоятелно получаване на знания и тяхното правилно използване;
- Защита личностното достойнство на учениците в съответствие с процесите на демократизация на обществото;
- Обогатяване творческата дейност на учители и ученици, чрез прилагане на нови форми и методи на обучение;
-Оптимизиране на управленската дейност чрез методическите обединения, работа с училищното настоятелство
- Дейности, свързани със социализацията и гражданското образование и възпитание на учениците
- Организиране и провеждане на технически и тематични педагогически съвети
- Дейности, свързани със взаимодействието с родители, училищно настоятелство, културни институции, бизнес – среди и др.
- Технологично обновяване и модернизация на съществуващата материално-техническа база и методика на обучението ;
- Поддържане на висока квалификация на персонала – педагогически и непедагогически ;
Приоритети в дейността на училището
-Високо равнище на конкурентноспособна общообразователна и профилирана подготовка на учениците ;
- Добра чуждоезикова подготовка;
- Добра компютърна и икономическа подготовка;
- Гражданско образование;
- Задоволяване специфичните интереси и потребности на учениците чрез ефективни използване на наличната МТБ;
- Задълбочаване контактите с обществени организации и институции отворени за проблемите на училището и привличане на допълнителни източници за подпомагане на училищните дейности и подобряване на МТБ;
- Привличане и приобщаване на родителската общественост за активно участие в решаване на училищните проблеми и утвърждаване на училищното настоятелство като орган подпомагащ цялостната УВР.
РАЗДЕЛ ІІІ.
ДЕ Й Н О С Т И свързани с реализиране на целите, стратегиите и приоритетите
1. Оптимизиране на управленската дейност
- по осезателно присъствие на методическите структури – методически колегии (комисии, съвети) и др. по образователни направления и учебни предмети ;
- съвместно с експерти от РУО – гр. Хасково да се проведе разяснителна работа с преподавателите във връзка с новите учебни програми и постановките заложени в тях ;
- изграждане на ученически органи – по класове и общо за училището изразяващи интересите и мненията на учениците ;
- от важно значение ще бъде оптимизиране дейността на училищното настоятелство с обновяване на съдържанието по посока на финансово и материално-техническо подпомагане на училището;
2. Дейности свързани със социализацията и гражданското образование и възпитание на учениците :
- насърчаване участието на учениците в кръжоците и други извънкласни дейности
- участия в състезания и конкурси на училищно,общинско, регионално и национално равнище ;
- организиране и провеждане на екскурзии с учебна и развлекателна цел;
- организиране и провеждане на „Училище сред природата", „Празник на буквите" и др.;
3.Квалификационна дейност в СУ "Л. Каравелов"
3.1.Провеждане на заседания на методическите обединения и набелязване на теми и форми за новата учебна 2020/2021 година.
3.2.Запознаване на всички учители с предложения на различни Висши учебни заведения за квалификационни форми организирани за педагогически кадри.
Срок ІХ 2020 г.
Отг. Директор
Отг. Директор
4.Теми и график на заседанията на Педагогическия съвет за 2020/2021 г.
4.1. Определяне състава на постоянните комисии към педагогическия съвет и набелязване на мероприятия свързани с началото на новата учебна година. Утвърждаване на Списък-Образец №1 на преподавателската и друга заетост на персонала. Утвърждаване на училищни учебни планове.
Срок :.IХ.2020 г.
4.2. Актуализиране на Правилника за дейността на училището и Годишния комплексен план, Правилник за вътрешния трудов ред. Приемане плановете на постоянните комисии. Подготовка за откриване на учебната година.
Срок ..ІХ. 2020 г.
4.3.Изработване на План за осигуряване на нормален учебен процес през зимата. Тематичен съвет – Безопасност на движението на учениците. Определяне комисиите за патронния празник на училището.
Срок ..Х. 2020 г.
4.4. Педагогически съвет във връзка с преодоляване на проблема с дисциплината и направените неизвинени отсъствия от учениците. Обсъждане държавния план-прием за учебната 2021-2022 г. Определяне на комисиите за прием за следващата учебна година.
Срок ..ХI. 2020 г.
4.5.Технически съвет свързан с приложение на Правилника за дейността на училището – разглеждане отсъствията и поведението на учениците Срок : .І.2021 г.
4.6.Отчитане резултатите от първия учебен срок. Отчитане и анализ на набелязаните мерки във връзка с преодоляване на проблема с направените неизвинени отсъствия от учениците.
Срок : .IІ. 2021 г.
4.7.Провеждане на тематичен съвет свързан с професионалното ориентиране на учениците и рекламната кампания на училището за предстоящата учебна година.
4.8. Определяне на дейности свързани с приключването на учебната година на начален етап и ХІІ клас. Приемане график за подготовка на материално техническата база за новата учебна година.
Срок : .ІІІ. 2021 г.
Срок : .ІV.2021 г.
4.10.Технически съвет свързан с приключване на учебната година за учениците от V – VІІ клас. Определяне на учениците за допълнителна работа.
4.11.Технически съвет свързан с приключване на учебната година за учениците от ІХ – ХІ клас. Определяне на учениците за допълнителна работа.
Срок : .VІ.2021 г.
Срок : .VІ.2021 г.
4.12.Годишен съвет за отчет и анализ на резултатите от учебновъзпитателната работа през учебната 2020/2021 г. и изпълнението на годишния план на училището. Отчитане и анализ на набелязаните мерки във връзка с преодоляване на проблема с направените неизвинени отсъствия от учениците. Отчет на дейността на училищните комисии и методическите обединения.
Срок : .VІІ.2021 г.
5. Взаимодействие с родители, училищно настоятелство, културни институции, бизнес среди и др.
5.1.Взаимодействие с родители
5.1.1.Родителски срещи на първи, пети и осми клас
Срок: до 15 .ІХ.2020 г.
5.1.2.Родителски срещи от ІІ до ХІІ клас – запознаване на родителите с Правилника за дейността на училището и училищните учебни планове.
Срок: до края на ІХ.2020
5.1.3.Приемен ден – индивидуални срещи на родители с учителите по съответните предмети за готовността на учениците за приключване на І учебен срок.
5.1.4.Провеждане на родителска среща за обсъждане на резултатите на учениците от първия учебен срок и дейности за подобряването на учебно-възпитателния процес през втория учебен срок и поведението на учениците, като участници в пътното движение съчетана с приемни дни:
Срок : .ХІІ.2020 г.
Срок :.ІІ.2021г.
5.1.5. Среща с родителите на бъдещите първокласници
Срок: ІV.2021 г.
5.1.6. Приемен ден – индивидуални срещи на родители с учителите по съответните предмети за готовността на учениците за приключване на ІІ-рия учебен срок.
Срок : .ІV.2021 г.
6. Взаимодействие с училищното настоятелство
6.1.Приемане на План за работа през новата учебна 2020 / 2021 г. и актуализиране на състава на Училищното настоятелство.
Срок : .Х.2020 г.
6.2.Обсъждане възможността за помощ при подобряване на МТБ на училището.
Срок : .ХІ.2020г.
6.3.Среща с училищното настоятелство по случай коледните и новогодишните празници.
Срок:ХІІ.2020г.
6.4.Събиране по повод рекламната кампания за следващата учебна година, за прием на учениците в І и ІХ клас.
Срок: .ІІІ.2021г..
6.5.Събиране по повод патронния празник на училището.
Срок: .ІV.2021 г..
6.6.Обсъждане на тържествата по случай 24 май и предложения за награждаване на ученици и изявени учители.
Срок: .V.2021г.
7. Взаимодействие с културни институции
7.1. Организиране на кинопрожекции на филми, които се изучават непосредствено в часовете по литература, история, география и др. Срок: по график
Отг.: преподавателите по съответните предмети
7.2.Посещение на театрални постановки съгласувани ръководството на ДТ "Апостол Карамитев" – Димитровград и др..
с
Срок : постоянен
Отг. пед. съветник
7.3.Участие на учениците и педагогическия колектив в общоградските прояви организирани от отдел "Култура" ОбНС и читалищата в общината.
Срок : по график, утвърден от общината
Отг. директор | <urn:uuid:5846dd73-bdbb-43bd-a5c1-f00c5140bf55> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/bul_Cyrl/train | finepdfs | bul_Cyrl | 13,584 |
LABOR UNIONS
HELPING YOU STAY ON COURSE
To succeed today, labor unions must walk a tightrope. On one side, the Department of Labor, the IRS, and other regulatory agencies impose special compliance, reporting, and disclosure requirements. On the other end, you need to manage your finances efficiently and effectively to meet the goal of service to your members.
For more than 50 years, Berdon LLP has been helping clients in these business sectors stay on course — satisfying compliance requirements while suggesting innovative and economic solutions to fulfilling your missions.
Our clients range in size from organizations with 500 members to over 25,000 and their financial assets range from small amounts to tens of millions of dollars. To each engagement, we bring the acumen acquired over decades of accomplishments in areas as diverse as regulatory compliance, reporting requirements, record keeping, and internal accounting controls. As active members of professional organizations, we keep abreast of developments and potential changes in rules and laws. Serving on technical committees of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Berdon has advised on developing accounting rules.
A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
We don't stop once we've helped clients meet statutory and regulatory requirements. We take the next step, assisting labor union officials and executive board members in discharging their fiduciary duties. Our insights and services can be a resource of information on which to make plans and base decisions, and our experience gives us the perspective to serve as sounding boards and as trusted advisors on the financial issues that confront labor unions today.
With offices in New York City and Long Island, we offer a broad array of services:
[x] Performing financial statement audits
[x] Preparing Forms LM-2 and 990
[x] Performing payroll compliance audits
[x] Advising on Internal Revenue Service and Department of Labor examinations
[x] Developing administrative expense allocation studies
[x] Providing operational reviews and studies
[x] Advising on the most efficient use of technology
[x] Performing special projects as needed
When a labor union becomes our client, it becomes the client of our entire firm — one of the nation's leading CPA and advisory firms with more than 400 professionals and staff. Berdon offers leading-edge tax, accounting, and advisory | <urn:uuid:b0b9fa81-7055-499a-a6a5-a78cbe4c7831> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 2,413 |
La pandemia e il conseguente lockdown hanno acuito le disuguaglianze: il 12,3% dei minori in età scolare non ha un computer a casa, quota che sfiora il 20% nel Mezzogiorno. Pesa anche la situazione economica delle famiglie che, in oltre il 5% dei casi, non può permettersi una connessione internet. La fotografia scattata dal report OpenPolis e l’associazione “Con i bambini”
14 Lug 2020
Federica Meta
Giornalista
Percentuale di famiglie che dispongono di accesso a internet da casa (2019)
| Regione | % famiglie con accesso a Internet da casa | % famiglie senza accesso a Internet da casa |
|------------------|------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------|
| Calabria | | |
| Molise | | |
| Basilicata | | |
| Sicilia | | |
| Puglia | | |
| Campania | | |
| Piemonte | | |
| Liguria | | |
| Abruzzo | | |
| Media Italia | | |
| Sardegna | | |
| Marche | | |
| Valle d’Aosta | | |
| Toscana | | |
| Umbria | | |
| Friuli-Venezia Giulia | | |
| Lombardia | | |
| Emilia-Romagna | | |
| Lazio | | |
| Veneto | | |
| Trentino Alto Adige | | |
FONTE: elaborazione openpolis - Con i Bambini su dati Istat
Dopo il lockdown, il gap digitale ha accentuato le disuguaglianze già esistenti e ha causato forti rischi di nuove povertà educative. A sottolinearlo è il report sulle disuguaglianze digitali, promosso da "Con i Bambini" e "Openpolis", che fotografa un'Italia molto lontana dalla strategia europea della Giga society, agli ultimi posti delle classifiche e con profondi divari interni.
L'emergenza coronavirus ha dunque messo a nudo ritardi strutturali sia sul fronte dell'accesso alle tecnologiche (Rete e dispositivi) sia sulle competenze digitali, con profondi divari territoriali, tra Nord e Sud ma non solo. I divari nella velocità della connessione della Rete Internet oggi sono spesso sovrapponibili ai tempi di spostamento fisico tra città maggiori e aree interne. Le disuguaglianze digitali, come raccontano le analisi dell'Osservatorio promosso nell'ambito del Fondo per il contrasto della povertà educativa minorile, rappresentano una ulteriore dimensione del fenomeno. In Italia – viene sottolineato – vivono 9,6 milioni di minori e durante il lungo lockdown 8 milioni e mezzo di bambini e ragazzi sono rimasti a casa. Uno scenario che ha acuito una serie di disagi preesistenti. Il 41,9% dei minori, ad esempio, vive in una abitazione sovraffollata e il 7% affronta anche un disagio abitativo (problemi strutturali). In questo contesto il 12,3% dei minori in età scolastica non ha un computer a casa, quota che sfiora il 20% nel Mezzogiorno.
"La povertà – spiega il report – cresce al diminuire dell'età (la fascia 0-17 anni è quella dove l'incidenza della povertà assoluta resta maggiore) e, parallelamente, cresce all'aumentare del numero di figli: più una famiglia è numerosa, più è probabile che si trovi in povertà assoluta (circa il 20% delle famiglie con 3 o più figli si trova in povertà assoluta). È di questo quadro sociale che bisogna tenere conto quando si segnala che l'emergenza ha imposto (o ribadito) alcune esigenze, in termini di digitalizzazione". Il divario digitale si va infatti a sommare ai fattori di disuguaglianza già esistenti: dalla condizione sociale al luogo di residenza. Basti pensare al gap in termini di velocità della Rete vissuto dai ragazzi che abitano nelle aree interne (in Umbria, ad esempio, il 7% delle famiglie senza Internet imputa il motivo all'assenza di banda larga).
Oppure alla disparità subita dalle famiglie che non possono garantire ai propri figli computer adeguati e connessioni veloci: il 5,3% delle famiglie con un figlio non può permettersi l’acquisto di un pc. “Come dimostra il rapporto – spiega Marco Rossi-Doria, vice presidente di “Con i Bambini” – le diseguaglianze digitali incidono notevolmente sulla povertà educativa minorile se una famiglia del ceto medio con pochi figli possiede più dispositivi in casa e una famiglia svantaggiata, numerosa e con più figli non ha accesso alla rete Internet fissa e non possiede nessun pc o ne ha solo uno per tutti, è chiaro che siamo davanti a un significativo fattore discriminante per la crescita di bambine, bambini e adolescenti. In questi casi, purtroppo numerosi, nonostante il grande sforzo di accompagnamento fatto dal Terzo settore, manca proprio un supporto educativo che deve essere tutelato in primis dal diritto allo studio.
“Non è sufficiente fornire temporaneamente e in comodato d’uso un dispositivo della scuola, che aumenta anche il divario auto percepito e il senso di precarietà – conclude Rossi Doria – Lo Stato dovrebbe garantire alle famiglie in povertà relativa grave o in povertà assoluta la possibilità di accesso a Internet veloce e almeno un computer dedicato ai ragazzi”.
Indice degli argomenti
- La mappa territoriale
- Giovani italiani meno digitali rispetto alla media Ue
La mappa territoriale
Finita l’emergenza Covid-19, quali scuole troveranno i ragazzi una volta tornati in classe? Il presupposto affinché il potenziamento della connettività delle scuole sia efficace, è ovviamente la presenza di una strumentazione tecnologica adeguata per la didattica (lavagne multimediali, tablet, pc). Ma, da sole non bastano. Il report offre alcune indicazioni in questo senso partendo dai dati territoriali: le regioni con più tecnologie per alunno sono risultate essere, oltre alla Lombardia, alcune regioni meridionali come la Calabria (prima per numero di dispositivi, uno ogni 5,3 alunni), la...
Sicilia e la Puglia, grazie ai contributi europei 2007-13. Nell'anno scolastico 2018/2019 nelle scuole italiane, ogni 100 alunni, erano presenti in media 5,7 pc/tablet e 1,8 lim (o proiettori interattivi/smart tv).
Prima dell'emergenza, i dati indicano profonde differenze interne anche all'interno delle stesse regioni. Ad esempio in Campania, al dato di Benevento – prima nella regione, sia per lim che per pc per alunno – si contrappone quello della città metropolitana di Napoli (ultima nel rapporto dispositivi/alunni). In Puglia, la città metropolitana di Bari è prima nella regione per diffusione delle lavagne multimediali, mentre sui computer è Brindisi ad avere i valori più alti. Agli ultimi posti nel rapporto pc/alunni la provincia di Foggia. Nell'Italia settentrionale invece spiccano Sondrio (10,9 pc o tablet ogni 100 alunni), Rovigo e Lecco. Agli ultimi posti invece Genova, Rimini e Gorizia. In quella centrale, al dato della provincia di Siena (10,6 pc e tablet ogni 100 alunni) si contrappone quello della città metropolitana di Roma (con 3,6 pc e tablet).
La Calabria, anche se spicca per numero di device a disposizione degli studenti, è però la regione meno connessa, il Trentino Alto
Adige quella top. A fronte di una media nazionale del 76,1% di famiglie connesse, restano indietro soprattutto le regioni meridionali. La Calabria con il 67,3% (quasi 9 punti al di sotto della media nazionale) mantiene invariato il ritardo rispetto alla regione più connessa (il Trentino Alto Adige, 81,1% con una differenza di 13,8 punti percentuali). Seguono Molise e Basilicata (69%), Sicilia (69,4%) e Puglia (69,6%). Con l’eccezione della Sardegna, nessuna regione del Sud ha una quota di famiglie con accesso a Internet superiore al dato nazionale.
“Oltre 1 milione di minori – evidenzia il report – vive nei 4 mila comuni dove nessuna famiglia è raggiunta dalla rete fissa a 30 Mbps. Nella classifica delle province con più minori in comuni non raggiunti dalla rete fissa di banda larga veloce, ai primi tre posti troviamo tre territori meridionali (Nuoro, Isernia, Oristano). Le aree metropolitane registrano la quota più alta di famiglie che dispongono di una connessione domestica (80,4 %)”.
Nonostante una crescita significativa (+23,8 punti), i piccoli comuni con meno di 2.000 abitanti restano quelli con meno famiglie connesse. Tra le cause ci sono il costo e la copertura della Rete dove si abita. Al Nord, l’alto costo del collegamento è indicato dal 6-7% di chi non ha una connessione a Internet, quota quasi doppia al Sud e nelle isole con l’11,9% delle famiglie senza Internet. La Campania è la regione con più famiglie che segnalano gli ostacoli legati al costo (14,3%).
Giovani italiani meno digitali rispetto alla media Ue
I dati mettono in evidenza come in termini di competenze (email, videochiamate, trasferimento file, utilizzo software, ecc), secondo l’indicatore dell’Eurostat, la quota di giovani tra 16 e 19 anni che padroneggiano gli strumenti digitali, in Italia, è più bassa (64%) rispetto alla media Ue (83%) con oltre 20 punti di distacco da Regno Unito, Germania e Spagna.
Siamo penultimi (26 su 28) nella classifica dei paesi Ue dove i giovani leggono di più i giornali online. E anche qui con forti
differenze sociali interne. Quasi il 74% degli studenti di famiglie avvantaggiate usa Internet per leggere notizie, mentre tra quelli svantaggiati la quota scende a poco più del 60%. Si tratta di un gap che, come tutti quelli emersi dal rapporto ci parla di disuguaglianze che vanno ben oltre quelle digitali: riguardano il diritto dei minori a non cadere nella trappola della povertà educativa.
Senza un vero percorso educativo, il solo utilizzo del pc a scuola non comporta competenze più elevate. La faglia del divario digitale, viene sottolineato, si sta progressivamente spostando dall’accesso all’uso che viene fatto della Rete. Un divario educativo interno e con gli altri paesi Ue che non potrà essere compensato solo con più computer e tablet. Senza questa consapevolezza, sottolinea il rapporto, nessun provvedimento, da solo, sarà sufficiente a recuperare i ritardi. Perché non si parla solo di divari tecnologici, comunque gravi ma risolvibili attraverso interventi economici mirati ed efficaci; si parla di disuguaglianze sociali radicate, profonde, per cui serve una strategia di lungo periodo, sinergica con quella per il contrasto della povertà educativa.
@RIPRODUZIONE RISERVATA
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ДОКЛАД
по чл. 60 от ППЗОП
№ 1/11.06.2018 г.
За работата на комисия, назначена със Заповед № РД-08-190/10.05.2018 г. на Изпълнителния директор на МБАЛ “Д-р Иван Селимински” – АД гр.Сливен
I. Състав, задача и срок за работа на комисията:
1. Състав на комисията:
ПРЕДСЕДАТЕЛ: Розалинка Спасова - Зам. директор по административните дейности на МБАЛ –АД-Сливен
и
ЧЛЕНОВЕ: 1. адвокат Димитър Митев – правен съветник на МБАЛ-АД-Сливен
2. Радост Симеонова – Организатор ”Маркетинг„, при МБАЛ–АД – Сливен;
3. инж. Кирил Кирилов- Н-к „Стопански отдел” при МБАЛ-АД-Сливен
4. Галя Маврова – счетоводител при МБАЛ – АД – Сливен.
РЕЗЕРВНИ ЧЛЕНОВЕ:
1. Панайот Панайотов - Ръководител „Автотранспортно звено” при МБАЛ-АД-Сливен;
2. Валя Георгиева – счетоводител при МБАЛ – АД - Сливен
В хода на работа на комисията няма настъпили персонални промени.
2. Задача на комисията: Да отвори, разгледа, оцени и класира постъпилите оферти за определяне на изпълнител на обществената поръчка с предмет: „Осигуряване на денонощна охрана - физическа защита, чрез невъръжен персонал, обслужване на система за видеонаблюдение и контрол на достъпа, на основната сграда, сградата на "Детско отделение" и болничния парк на МБАЛ"Д-р Иван Селимински" АД -гр.Сливен", одобрена с Решение № РД-08-107/27.03.2018 г. на Изпълнителния директор на МБАЛ “Д-р Иван Селимински” АД Сливен”, която се провежда по реда и условията на Закона за обществените поръчки.
3. Срок за работа на комисията: до 15.30 часа на 15.06.2018 г.
II. Номер и дата на заповедта за назначаване на комисията, както и заповедите, с които се изменят сроковете, задачите и съставът й:
1. Заповед № РД-08-190/10.05.2018 г. на Изпълнителния директор на МБАЛ “Д-р Иван Селимински” – АД гр.Сливен за назначаване на комисията.
2. Заповеди за изменение на сроковете, задачите и съставът на комисията не са издавани.
III. Кратко описание на работния процес
В своите действия комисията се е придъжала стриктно към изискванията на ЗОП, ППЗОП и указанията на Възложителя.
Конкретните действия на комисията са изчерпателно обективирани в Протоколи № 1/10.05.2018 г.; № 2/22.05.2018 г. и № 3/25.05.2018 г. от нейната работа.
IV. Участници в процедурата:
За участие в откритата процедура са подадени 4 /четири/ оферти, подробно описани в Протокол № 1/10.05.2018 г. от работата на комисията, а именно:
№ ОПД - 05-1/09.05.2018 г. 11.00 ч. - "Саламандър" ООД - гр.Казанлък;
№ ОПД - 05-2/09.05.2018 г. 11.10 ч. - "Еврофорс Груп" ЕООД - гр.София;
№ ОПД - 05-3/09.05.2018 г. 11.20 ч. - "ПС Гард" ЕООД - гр.София;
№ ОПД - 05-4/09.05.2018 г. 11.00 ч. - "Тетбрюле 2" ООД - гр.Ямбол.
V. Действия на комисията, свързани с отваряне, разглеждане и оценяване на всяка от офертите:
Комисията започна работата си на 10.05.2018 г. в 10:00 часа и като установи наличието на изискувания кворум, комисията откри публично заседание на основание чл. 54. ал.2 ППЗОП за отваряне на получените оферти в процедурата.
Председателят на комисията обяви заповедта за назначаване на комисията и протокола по чл. 48, ал.6 от ППЗОП. Всички членове на комисията, след като се запознаха със списъка с участниците, след обявяване на протокола, подписаха декларация по чл. 103 ал. 2 от ЗОП.
На основание чл. 54, ал. 2 от ППЗОП и след проверка на документите им за самоличност и наличието на изрични пълномощни, Комисията допусна при действията на комисията по ал. 3-5 на чл. 54 от ППЗОП да присъстват следните, заявили желание да присъстват, участници или техни упълномощени представители:
1. за "ТЕТБРЮЛЕ 2" ООД - гр.Ямбол – Андрей Коеv – Управител;
2. за "САЛАМАНДЪР" ООД гр.Казанлък – Руси Гагов, упълномощен представител
При отварянето на офертите в 10.00 часа на 10.05.2018 г. не присъстваха представители на средствата за масова информация.
Комисията отвари запечатаните непрозрачни опаковки на четиримата участници и оповести тяхното съдържание и провери за наличието на отделни запечатани пликове с надпис "Предлагани ценови параметри".
Трима от членовете на комисията – Розалинка Спасова – Председател, Димитър Митев – член и инж. Кирил Кирилов – член подписаха техническото предложение и плика с надпис "Предлагани ценови параметри" на четиримата участници.
Комисията предложи на представителите на участниците да подпишат техническото предложение и плика с надпис "Предлагани ценови параметри" на другите участници. Те се възползваха частично от това свое право, като:
1. Управителя на участника „Тетбрюле 2” ООД гр. Ямбол подписа пликовете с надпис "Предлагани ценови параметри" на другите участници.
2. Упълномощеният представител на участника „Саламандър” ООД гр. Казанлък подписа плика с надпис „Предлагани ценови параметри" на участника „Тетбрюле 2” ООД гр. Ямбол..
На закрито заседание комисията разгледа документите по чл. 39, ал.2 ППЗОП за съответствие с изискванията към личното състояние и критериите за подбор, и констатира следните несъответствия:
**Предложение с № ОПД - 05-1/09.05.2018 г. 11.00 ч. - "Саламандър" ООД - гр.Казанлък**
- В ЕЕДОП е наличие липса, непълнота на информацията. Комисията не може да установи съответствие с изискванията към личното състояние на участника или критериите за подбор, а именно:
- В Част II, раздел А: „Информация за икономическия оператор” на електронния ЕЕДОП, участникът е попълнил името на управителя на дружеството вместо наименованието на оператора.
На основание чл.104, ал.4 от ЗОП и във вр.с чл.54, ал.8 и ал.9 от ППЗОП, Комисията даде срок от 5 работни дни от получаване на протокола, участникът "Саламандър" ООД гр.Казанлък да отстрани констатираните несъответствия /виж. Протокол № 1/10.05.2018 г./.
В определения от комисията срок, участникът "Саламандър" ООД - гр.Казанлък с вх. № ОПД-07-4069/21.05.2018 г. е представил допълнително следните документи и/или информация:
- Коректно и пълно попълнен ЕЕДОП, с отстранени констатираните несъответствия.
- Подписан цифрово ЕЕДОП
Предвид горното Комисията единодушно
РЕШИ:
Участникът "Саламандър" ООД - гр.Казанлък отговаря на изискванията за лично състояние и на критериите за подбор и ще разгледа техническото му предложение.
Предложение № ОПД – 05-2/09.05.2018 г. 11.10 ч. – "Еврофорс Груп" ЕООД - гр.София
1. НЕ ВСИЧКИ описани в Списъка документи и информация бяха налични в приложената оферта. В подадената оферта липсва ЕЕДОП – Приложение №2А на електронен носител.
2. В таблица В: Технически и професионални способности, част IV „Критерии за подбор” на ЕЕДОП, представен на хартиен носител, т.1б, участникът е посочил информация за един изпълнен договор с период на действие 01.01.2018 г. – 01.01.2018 г. Комисията не може да определи, дали това е техническа грешка или участникът не отговаря на критериите за подбор.
На основание чл.104, ал.4 от ЗОП и във вр.с чл.54, ал.8 и ал.9 от ППЗОП, Комисията даде срок от 5 работни дни от получаване на протокола, участникът "Еврофорс Груп" ЕООД - гр.София да отстрани констатираните несъответствия /виж. Протокол № 1/10.05.2018 г./.
В определения от комисията срок, участникът "Еврофорс Груп" ЕООД - гр.София с вх. № ОПД-07-4045/21.05.2018 г. е представил допълнително следните документи и/или информация:
- Коректно и пълно попълнен ЕЕДОП, с отстранени констатираните несъответствия, а именно:
Доказателства за изпълнен през последните три години, считано от датата, определена като краен срок за представяне на офертите, един договор за охрана на имуществото на физически и/или юридически лица – от 01.01.2018 г. до 30.04.2018 г. и Удостоверение за добро изпълнение – 1 брой.
Предвид горното Комисията единодушно
РЕШИ:
Участникът "Еврофорс Груп" ЕООД - гр. София отговаря на изискванията за лично състояние и на критериите за подбор и ще разгледа техническото му предложение.
Предложение с № ОПД - 05-3/09.05.2018 г. 11.20 ч. - "ПС Гард" ЕООД - гр. София
Комисията не може да установи съответствие с изискванията към личното състояние на участника или критериите за подбор, а именно:
В Част IV: „Критерии за подбор” на електронния ЕЕДОП, раздел а: „Общо указание за всички критерии за подбор”, участникът единствено е отбелязал, че икономическия оператор отговаря на всички задължителни критерии за подбор.
Не е попълнил коректно и пълно информацията в електронния ЕЕДОП, като не е спазил изискванията на закона и Възложителя, както следва:
1. Изисквания относно годността (правоспособността) на участниците за упражняване на професионална дейност - Съответствието с посоченото изискване участниците декларират в ЕЕДОП, че притежават Лиценз за извършване на частна охранителна дейност по ЗЧОД - охрана на имуществото на физически или юридически лица, на територията на област Сливен или на територията на цялата страна, издаден по реда на Закона частната охранителна дейност.
Участникът не е посочил № на лиценз, от кого е издаден, срок и обхват на действие.
В случай, че документа е свободно достъпен и виден от публичен регистър, участникът в същото поле може да посочи и данни за съответния интернет адрес.
2. Изисквания относно техническите възможности на участниците
2.1. Участникът да има опит в извършване на дейности по охрана на имуществото на физически и/или юридически лица. Участникът да има изпълнен през последните три години, считано от датата, определена като краен срок за представяне на офертите, най-малко един договор за охрана на имуществото на физически и/или юридически лица.
Обстоятелствата се доказват с представянето на Списък на изпълнените от участника договори за последните три години, считано от датата на подаване на офертите, с предмет сходен с предмета на обществената поръчка с посочване на стойностите, датите и получателите - таблица В: Технически и професионални способности, част IV „Критерии за подбор” на ЕЕДОП. Под „предмет сходен с предмета на обществената поръчка” да се разбира охрана на имуществото на физически и/или юридически лица.
Участникът не е посочил в електронния ЕЕДОП Списък с изпълнени договори.
2.2. Участникът да разполага с лица за извършване на услугата, които отговарят на изискванията на Закона за частната охранителна дейност /ЗЧОД/.
Участниците доказват/декларират, че разполагат с лица за извършване на услугата, които отговарят на изискванията на Закона за частната охранителна дейност /ЗЧОД/ с посочване на необходимата информация в таблица В: Технически и професионални способности, част IV „Критерии за подбор" на ЕЕДОП.
Участникът не е посочил информация в електронния ЕЕДОП, че разполага с компетентни лица за извършване на услугата.
2.3. Участникът да разполага с униформено облекло и с техническо оборудване за изпълнение на обществената поръчка - помощни средства съгласно Закона за частната охранителна дейност (белеznици, каучукови и пластмасови палки и др.).
Участниците декларират, че разполагат с униформено облекло и с техническо оборудване за изпълнение на обществената поръчка - помощни средства съгласно Закона за частната охранителна дейност (белеznици, каучукови и пластмасови палки и др.) с посочване на необходимата информация в таблица В: Технически и професионални способности, част IV „Критерии за подбор" на ЕЕДОП.
Участникът не е деклариран в електронния ЕЕДОП, че разполага с униформено облекло и с техническо оборудване за изпълнение на обществената поръчка
2.4. Участникът да притежава Сертификат EN ISO 9001:2008 или еквивалентен за внедрена система на управление на качеството, с предмет, сходен с предмета на поръчката, издаден на участника от акредитиран орган и валиден към датата на подаване на документите.
Участниците декларират в ЕЕДОП, че притежават Сертификат EN ISO 9001:2008 или еквивалентен за внедрена система на управление на качеството, с предмет, сходен с предмета на поръчката, издаден на участника от акредитиран орган и валиден към датата на подаване на документите.
Участникът не е деклариран в електронния ЕЕДОП, че притежава Сертификат EN ISO 9001:2008 или еквивалентен за внедрена система на управление на качеството.
В определения от комисията срок, участникът "ПС Гард" ЕООД - гр. София с вх. № ОПД-07-4003/18.05.2018 г. е представил допълнително следните документи и/или информация:
- Коректно и пълно попълнен ЕЕДОП, с отстранени констатираните несъответствия, а именно:
1. Участникът е посочил № на лиценз, от кого е издаден, срок и обхват на действие.
2. Участникът е посочил в електронния ЕЕДОП Списък с изпълнени договори.
3. Участникът е посочил информация в електронния ЕЕДОП, че разполага с компетентни лица за извършване на услугата.
4. Участникът е деклариран в електронния ЕЕДОП, че разполага с униформено облекло и с техническо оборудване за изпълнение на обществената поръчка.
5. Участникът е деклариран в електронния ЕЕДОП, че притежава Сертификат EN ISO 9001:2008 или еквивалентен за внедрена система на управление на качеството.
Предвид горното Комисията единодушно
РЕШИ:
Участникът "ПС Гард" ЕООД - гр. София отговаря на изискванията за лично състояние и на критериите за подбор и ще разгледа техническото му предложение.
Предложение с № ОПД - 05-4/09.05.2018 г. 11.00 ч. - "Тетбрюле 2" ООД - гр. Ямбол
В ЕЕДОП е наличие липса, непълнота на информацията. Комисията не може да установи съответствие с изискванията към личното състояние на участника или критериите за подбор, а именно:
1. Представеният електронен вариант на ЕЕДОП е във два формата: .pdf и .XML Document.
- Файла, във формат .pdf, подписан цифрово е по стар образец. Единният европейски документ за обществени поръчки, следва да се представя задължително в електронен вид, съгласно чл. 67, ал. 4 от ЗОП, която разпоредба на основание § 29, т. 5, буква „а“ от Преходните и заключителни разпоредби на ЗОП, в сила от 01 април 2018 година.
- Файла във формат .XML Document, подписан цифрово, не може да се разчете в електронната система на ЕЕДОП.
2. ЕЕДОП на хартиен носител е подписан от лицата по чл. 54, ал. 2 и чл. 55, ал. 3 от ЗОП, но електронния вариант на ЕЕДОП е подписан цифрово само от единият от управителите на дружеството.
В определения от комисията срок, участникът "Тетбрюле 2" ООД - гр. Ямбол две писма с вх. № № ОПД-07-3880/15.05.2018 г. и ОПД-07-4028/18.05.2018 г е представил допълнително следните документи и/или информация:
- Коректно и пълно попълнен електронен вариант на ЕЕДОП, подписан и от двамата управители, с отстранени констатираните несъответствия.
Предвид горното Комисията единодушно
РЕШИ:
Участникът "Тетбрюле 2" ООД - гр.Ямбол отговаря на изискванията за лично състояние и на критериите за подбор и ще разгледа техническото му предложение.
Комисията единодушно реши, че Техническите предложения и на четиримата участници отговарят на изискванията на Закона и Възложителя и ще разгледа ценовите им предложения.
Комисията насрочи дата за отваряне на ценовите оферти според изискванията на ЗОП и ППЗОП. Комисията в пълен състав откри публичното заседание за отваряне на ценовите предложения на 25.05.2018 г. от 10.00 часа, за което беше публикувано в Профила на купувача съобщение на 21.05.2018 г.
На основание чл. 57, ал. 3 от ППЗОП и след проверка на документите им за самоличност и наличието на изрични пълномощни, Комисията допусна при отваряне на ценовите предложения да присъстват следните, заявили желание да присъстват, участници или техни упълномощени представители:
1. за "ТЕТБРЮЛЕ 2" ООД - гр.Ямбол – Андрей Коеv – Управител;
При отварянето на оферти в 10.00 часа на 25.05.2018 г. не присъстваха представители на средствата за масова информация.
Комисията отвори запечатаните пликове с надпис "Предлагани ценови параметри" на четиримата участници.
Трима от членовете на комисията Розалинка Спасова – Председател, Димитър Митев – член и Галя Маврова – член подписаха ценовите предложения на участниците.
Комисията предложи на присъстващите представители на участниците да подпишат ценовите предложения на другите участници и те се възползваха от това свое право, като:
Представителят на участника „ТЕТБРЮЛЕ 2” ООД гр. Ямбол подписа само ценовото предложение на участника „Саламандър” ООД гр. Казанлък.
Комисията продължи работата си в закрито заседание, като разгледа ценовите предложения на четиримата участници и направи проверка дали те са предложили цени съгласно Приложение № 6 от документацията за участие в процедурата.
Комисията не констатира несъответствия между ценовите предложения и изискванията на Възложителя и на Закона за участниците "ПС ГАРД" ООД гр. София; „Саламандър” ООД гр. Казанлък и „ТЕТБРЮЛЕ 2” ООД гр. Ямбол.
Комисията единодушно констатира, че
Участникът „Еврофорс Груп” ЕООД гр. София представя следната справка за формиране на цената за труд на 1 /един/ охранител на месец:
| № | Наименование | Стойност |
|-----|-------------------------------|--------------|
| 1 | Нетна заплата | 530,52 лв. |
| 2 | Осигуровка-работодател | 99,79 лв. |
| 3 | Други разходи | |
| 3.1 | Храна и напитки за нощен труд| 0,50 лв. |
| 3.2 | Облекло и технически средства| 2,00 лв. |
| 3.3 | Печалба | 1,00 лв. |
| | Общо | 633,81 лв. |
След анализ на представената справка за формиране на цената за труд на 1 /един/ охранител на месец, Комисията констатира следното:
1. Участникът не е посочил изрично, но видно от начисленията, така формираната цена не включва ДДС.
2. В оферираната нетна заплата не е посочено кои елементи формират възнаграждението – дали са добавени всички допълнителни компоненти, които режима на работа на охранителната услуга предполага – допълнително заплащане за нощен труд, работа в официални почивни дни, при необходимост начисления за професионален опит. Това, според Комисията прави неясно доколко са спазени изискванията на трудовото законодателство и плащането на данъци и осигуровки.
3. При така посочената нетна заплата от 530,52 лв., то брутното възнаграждение на 1 /един/ охранител за 1 /един/ месец би било 683,68 лв. Това е основата, върху която се изчисляват дължимите осигурителни вноски, за сметка на работодателя, който при брутно възнаграждение от 683,68 лв. са в размер на 131,41 лв. При правилно аритметично изчисление на законово дължимите осигурителни вноски за сметка на работодателя, посочената нетна заплата и другите разходи, то цената за труд на 1 /един/ охранител на месец възлиза на 661,93 лв. без включен ДДС.
Ако е допусната техническа грешка и посочената заплата от 530,52 лв. е брутно възнаграждение, то законово дължимите осигурителни вноски за сметка на работодателя са в размер на 101,95 лв., а не 99,79 лв.
Посоченият анализ, според Комисията прави неясно доколко са спазени изискванията за плащането на данъци и осигуровки.
4. Предложената в Приложение №б цена за изпълнението на цялата поръчка за един месец – 8760,00 лв. с вкл. ДДС не кореспондира с посоченият анализ на елементите, формиращи трудовото възнаграждение и минимальният брой охранители, необходими за осъществяване на услугата.
Ако се приеме, че предложенацата цена на услугата за 1 охранител от 633,81 лв. е коректна, то същата с включен ДДС /ценовото предложение се изисква да се оферира с включен ДДС/ е в размер на 760,57 лв. за 1 охранител месечно.
При оферирана крайна месечна цена от 8760,00 лв. с включен ДДС, то охранителите, с които ще се осъществява услугата са 11,52 бр.
В техническото си предложение и приложения план за охрана, участника „Еврофорс Груп” ЕООД никъде не посочва минималния брой охранители, с които ще осъществява услугата, а само потвърждава, че ще осигури минимално изискваемите от Възложителя брой охранители на съответните постове.
При заложените в техническите спецификации на Възложителя изисквания да се осигури
- Двадесет и четири часова, невъоръжена охрана с видеонаблюдение и пропускателен режим на централния вход на болницата /без почивен ден/ - минимален брой охранители – 2;
- Десетчасова невъоръжена охрана с пропускателен режим в периода от 07.00 ч. до 17.00 ч. на административния вход на болницата, без почивни и празнични дни - минимален брой охранители- 1;
- Невъоръжена охрана с видеонаблюдение и пропускателен режим на сградата на Детско отделение към лечебното заведение, от 07.00 часа до 19.00 часа, /без почивен ден/ - минимален брой охранители – 1.
- Двадесет и четири часова невъоръжена охрана с пропускателен режим и извършване на периодичен обход на болничния парк, на южния портал на болницата /без почивен ден/ - минимален брой охранители – 1;
Задължението да предвиди необходимият брой служители, както и да изготви графика, в изпълнение на трудовото законодателство /КТ и НРВПО и др./ за изпълнение на услугата е изискване към техническото предложение на участника.
Същото обаче е въпрос на проверка за законосъобразност от помощния орган на Възложителя.
За законосъобразно осъществяване на услугата - Графикът на смените на охранителите на обекта да бъде организиран съгласно разпоредбите на Наредба за работното време, почивките и отпуските. Трудовата дейност на персонала от охранителната фирма, зает с охраната на обекта, да е в съответствие на трудовото законодателство и Кодекса на труда. При определяне на предлаганата цена да се спази изискването за минимална цена на труда, при прецизни начисления и график са необходими минимален брой охранители 12 бр.
Предвид горното Комисията единодушно
РЕШИ:
На основание чл. 107, т. 2, предл., буква „а” и буква „б” от Закона за обществените поръчки, предлага на Възложителя ДА ОТСТРАНИ от участие в откритата процедура участник „Еврофорс Груп” ЕООД гр. София, тъй като е представил офертa, която не отговаря на предварително обявените условия на Възложителя, а именно: Графикът на
смените на охранителите на обекта да бъде организиран съгласно разпоредбите на Наредба за работното време, почивките и отпуските. Трудовата дейност на персонала от охранителната фирма, зает с охраната на обекта, да е в съответствие на трудовото законодателство и Кодекса на труда. При определяне на предлаганата цена да се спази изискването за минимална цена на труда.
Комисията пристъпи към класиране на участниците /виж т. VI. Класиране на участниците от настоящия доклад/.
VI. Класиране на участниците
Вземайки предвид обстоятелството, че избрания от Възложителя критерий за определяне на икономически най-изгодната оферта е „най-ниска цена” и на основание чл. 58, ал. 1 от Правилника за прилагане на Закона за обществените поръчки Комисията единодушно класира участниците по степента на съответствие на офертите с предварително обявените от възложителя условия, а именно:
I място “ПС ГАРД” ЕООД гр.СОФИЯ - 9 120,00 лв. - 100.00 точки
II място „ТЕТБРЮЛЕ 2” ООД гр.ЯМБОЛ - 9 609.00 лв. - 94.92 точки
III място “САЛАМАНДЪР” ООД гр.КАЗАНЛЪК -11 058,04 лв. - 82.48 точки
VII. Предложения за отстраняване на участници:
Комисията предлага на Възложителя да отстрани от участие в процедурата участника „Еврофорс Груп” ЕООД гр.София. Мотивите на Комисията са подробно изложени в т. V. „Действия на комисията, свързани с отваряне, разглеждане и оценяване на всяка от офертите” от настоящия доклад.
VIII. Мотивите за допускане или отстраняване на всеки участник:
1. Комисията констатира за всички участници, че
- Всички описани в Списъка документи и информация бяха налични в приложената оферта;
- не е наличие липса, непълнота или несъответствие на информацията, включително нередовност или фактическа грешка, или несъответствие с изискванията към личното състояние на участника или критериите за подбор.
Предвид горното Комисията единодушно
РЕШИ:
Всички участници в процедурата отговарят на изискванията за лично състояние и на критериите за подбор.
2. След като установи, че участниците отговарят на изискванията за лично състояние и на критериите за подбор Комисията подробно разгледа и обсъди техническото му предложение и констатира следното:
Техническите предложения на всички участници в процедурата отговарят на изискванията на Закона и Възложителя.
3. Комисията подробно разгледа и обсъди ценовите предложения на участниците и констатира следното:
Комисията не констатира несъответствия между ценовите предложения и изискванията на Възложителя и на Закона за участниците "ПС ГАРД" ООД гр. София; "Саламандър" ООД гр. Казанлък и "ТЕТБРЮЛЕ 2" ООД гр. Ямбол.
Комисията предлага на Възложителя да отстрани от участие в процедурата участника „Еврофорс Груп” ЕООД гр. София. Мотивите на Комисията са подробно изложени в т. V. „Действия на комисията, свързани с отваряне, разглеждане и оценяване на всяка от офертите” от настоящия доклад.
IX. Предложение за сключване на договор с класираниите на първо място участници и/или за прекратяване на процедурата:
1. Комисията ПРЕДЛАГА на Възложителя да скключи договори за изпълнение на обществена поръчка с предмет: „Осигуряване на денонощна охрана - физическа защита, чрез невъоръжен персонал, обслужване на система за видеонаблюдение и контрол на достъпа, на основната сграда, сградата на "Детско отделение" и болничния парк на МБАЛ"Д-р Иван Селимински" АД - гр. Сливен” с
“ПС ГАРД” ЕООД гр. СОФИЯ
2. Комисията не предлага на Възложителя да прекрати процедурата.
X. Описание на представените мостри и/или снимки:
Възложителят не е поставил условие участниките да представят мостри и/или снимки.
С това свое действие Комисията завърши своята работа, изготви Доклада по чл. 60, ал. 1 от ППЗОП. В изпълнение на чл. 60, ал. 2 от ППЗОП Комисията приложи към доклада и Протоколи № 1/10.05.2018 г.; № 2/22.05.2018 г. и № 3/25.05.2018 г. от своята работа.
Настоящия доклад е изготвен от Комисията на 01.06.2017 г. и се предаде на Възложителя ведно с Протоколи № 1/10.05.2018 г.; № 2/22.05.2018 г. и № 3/25.05.2018 г. и заедно с цялата документация по обществената поръчка.
На основание чл. 60, ал. 3 от ППЗОП Доклада се подписа от всички членове на Комисията и се предаде на Възложителя заедно с цялата документация в 15.30 часа на 11.06.2018 г.
КОМИСИЯ:
ПРЕДСЕДАТЕЛ:....................../Розалинка Спаз
ЧЛЕНОВЕ: 1. ..................../Галя
2. ..................../Ал
ИНФОРМАЦИЯТА Е ЗАЛИЧЕНА НА ОСН. ЧЛ.2 И ЧЛ. 4 ОТ ЗЕЗЛД
Утвърдил Доклада на 11.06.2018 г. от работата на 12.06.2018 г.
ВЪЗЛОЖИТЕЛ:
ИЗП. ДИРЕКТОР
/д-р Васислав Петров/ | <urn:uuid:4aa7bb97-f972-4d10-bd0e-da4e9ab6cb4e> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/bul_Cyrl/train | finepdfs | bul_Cyrl | 26,015 |
Posudek dizertační práce - posudek školitele
Název práce: Interaction of short-wavelength laser pulses with matter on various time scales
Autor práce: RNDr. Vojtěch Vozda
Školitel: RNDr. Jan Kunc, Ph.D.
Cílem předkládané dizertační práce bylo prostudování odborné literatury, sepsání rešerše nynějšího poznání v oblasti interakce rentgenového a vysoko-výkonového impulzního laserového záření s látkou, provedení experimentální části práce včetně zpracování, analýzy a interpretace experimentálních výsledků. Dále bylo cílem práce prezentovat dosažené výsledky na vědeckých konferencích a opublikování získaných poznatků v impaktovaných časopisech.
Úspěšné splnění všech cílů práce je zdokumentováno úspěšným opublikováním dvaceti článků v impaktovaných časopisech a účastí na řadě konferencí. Z těchto dvaceti publikací jsou tři vysílé publikace, kde je RNDr. Vojtěch Vozda první autor (Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Carbon, Optics Express).
Mezi hlavní výsledky patří vývoj metody Nonlinear Response Function Recovery (NoReFry), která umožňuje získat tvar svazku XUV laseru s mnohem vyšší přesností, než bylo dosud možné. Tato metoda byla dále využita pro studium interakce XUV laserového záření s pevnými látkami. V rámci této části práce byly indentifikovány procesy příslušející různým časovým škálám interakce laserového záření s látkou. Tyto procesy byly studovány ex-situ interferometrickými metodami, metodou mikroskopie atomárních sil, Ramanovou spektroskopii, dále byla použita nízko-teplotní luminescence, rentgenovská foto-elektronová spektroskopie, skenovací elektronová mikroskopie a další. Šíře provedených experimentů umožňovala získat komplexní obraz procesů, ke kterým v pevných látkách dochází při osvícení pulzním XUV laserem.
Z dalších nejzásadnějších výsledků, ke kterým student během své práce dospěl, bych zmínil identifikaci difúze telurových inkluzí v CdTe indukovanou XUV laserem. Dále bych vyzdvihl práci, kde bylo XUV záření využito k eliminaci interakce grafénu se substrátem karbidu krémku. Zde byly identifikovány procesy amorfizace substrátu a neterminální procesy odtržení vrstvy bufferu od SiC. Toto jsou dvě stěžejní práce opublikované v recenzovaných a impaktovaných časopisech, kde je RNDr. Vojtěch Vozda hlavní autor. Zde musím vyzdvihnout, že druhá z těchto prací výsila ve vysoce impaktovaném časopise Carbon s impakt faktorem 7.984.
Mezi další příspěvky studenta patří analýza dat v rámci pobytu v Oxfordu (University of Oxford) ve skupině prof. Sama Vinka a celá řada dalších publikací, které vnesly zejména z cest na velké laserové facility (FLASH, LCLS). Z těchto cest vznikla také řada publikací, ke kterým RNDr. Vojtěch Vozda přispěl a je tudíž jejich spoluautorem.
Student po celou dobu doktorského studia přistupoval k práci v laboratoři zodpovědně a analýzu dat prováděl nejvyšši precizně. Odbornou úroveň práce považuji za vynikající, věcně chybějí nejsou v práci téměř žádné, dosažené výsledky jsou bez pochyb originální a mohou v budoucnu přispět k rozvoji technologie XUV laserů, ale i k rozvoji v oblasti pevných látek. Rozsah práce považuji za standardní. Grafická úprava je vynikající. Tiskové chyby nejsou v práci téměř žádné a celkovou úroveň práce hodnotím jako vynikající. Práci doporučuji k obhajobě.
K práci mám následující komentáře a dotazy:
- Difrakční limit šířky laserového svazku v ohnisku je dán zejména vlnovou délkou světla a numerickou aperturou použité zobrazovací soustavy. Jaký je dnes technologický limit šířky svazku XUV laseru v ohnisku z hlediska optických aberací?
- V práci bylo zmíněno, že nedávná práce Rösner et al., Optics Express 25, 30686 (2017) ukázala, že vyvolání rezistu PMMA vedlo k řádovému zlepšení dynamického rozsahu určení intenzitního profilu svazku. Jakým způsobem by bylo nutné modifikovat algoritmus NoReFry, aby bylo možné tento algoritmus použít pro analýzu tvaru svazku za využití vyvolaného rezistu PMMA?
- Diskutujte různé molekulární hmotnosti rezistu PMMA, různá rozpouštědla (etyl laktát, anizol, chlorbenzen), různé koncentrace rezistů, tloušťku rezistu, dobu vypékání a různé vývojky pro rozšíření práce na určení tvaru svazku a zvýšení dynamického rozsahu při určení intenzitního profilu za pomoci vyvolaného PMMA.
- V rámci práce na epitaxním grafénu byly provedeny také experimenty na kapilárním laseru na pracovišti AV ČR. Dikutujte, proč s využitím tohoto laseru nebylo pozorováno odtržení grafénové vrstvy od substrátu SiC?
V Praze, dne 1.9.2020
školitel: RNDr. Jan Kunc, Ph.D.
Posudek dizertační práce - posudek školitele
Title: Interaction of short-wavelength laser pulses with matter on various time scales
Author: RNDr. Vojtěch Vozda
Supervisor: RNDr. Jan Kunc, Ph.D.
The goal of this Ph.D. thesis was to review the current literature, summarize the state-of-the-art of X-ray and high-power pulsed laser light interaction with matter, experimental study of XUV light-matter interaction, data analysis, interpretation, presenting the results at scientific conferences and publication of the results in peer-reviewed impacted journals.
The successful completion of the thesis is well-documented by twelve published papers in peer-reviewed impacted journals. Vojtěch Vozda also took part in several conferences where he presented his results in posters and oral talks. Vojtěch Vozda is the first author in three out of the twelve publications (Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Carbon, Optics Express).
One of the main results is a newly developed algorithm called Nonlinear Response Function Recovery (NoReFry). This algorithm allows determining the XUV beam profile with unprecedented precision. The student used this method to study the interaction of XUV laser radiation with condensed matter. He identified processes corresponding to various time scales of XUV light-matter interaction. These processes were studied ex-situ by interferometric methods, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, low-temperature luminescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy or scanning electron microscopy. The broad range of performed experiments allowed reaching a complex picture of many condensed matter processes after XUV light irradiation.
The other fundamental results are, for example, identification of diffusion of tellurium inclusions in CdTe. The diffusion was identified to be triggered by XUV laser irradiation. Next, It is worth highlighting the work on the decoupling of epitaxial graphene from the SiC substrate. The student has identified the amorphization processes of SiC and non-thermal decoupling of the buffer layer from SiC. These are the two papers published in peer-reviewed impacted journals, where Vojtěch Vozda is the first author. One should also point out that the work on XUV irradiation of epitaxial graphene has been published in highly impacted journal Carbon (impact factor 7.984).
Student Vojtěch Vozda has also contributed to the data analysis of the free-free opacity of aluminum. He did this work during his stay at the University of Oxford in the group of prof. Sam Vinko. He also contributed to several works during his stays at large laser facilities (FLASH, LCLS).
Vojtěch Vozda has shown a responsible attitude to all experimental work and data analysis. The scientific part of the presented thesis is excellent. The number of mistakes is minimal. The results are original, and they can be used to develop further technology of XUV lasers and knowledge in condensed matter physics. The length of the presented thesis is standard. The graphical quality of the thesis is excellent. My overall rating of the thesis is excellent. I recommend the thesis for defense. I have the following comments and questions:
- The diffraction limit of the laser beam in the beam waist is given by wavelength and by the numerical aperture of the optical system. What is the current technological limit on the smallest XUV laser spot size from the point of view of optical aberrations?
- The recent work of R. Osner et al., Optics Express 25, 30686 (2017) was mentioned in the thesis. The authors found that developed PMMA can be used to enhance the dynamical range to laser intensity. What are necessary modifications of the NoReFry algorithm to use it in the case of developed PMMA resist?
- Discuss possible extensions of the work on developed PMMA. E.g., the molecular weight of PMMA, different solvents (ethyl lactate, anisole, chlorobenzene), resist concentrations, resist thickness, baking time, and different developers and development times. What are possible extensions of such work towards better beam profile determination and increasing the dynamical range even further?
- There were also several experiments performed using the capillary laser at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Discuss why there was no clear evidence of buffer layer decoupling from the SiC substrate observed in this experiment?
In Prague, Date: 1.9.2020
supervisor: RNDr. Jan Kunc, Ph.D. | 8ef308aa-39e8-4520-99cc-a956e41d19c8 | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ces_Latn/train | finepdfs | ces_Latn | 8,953 |
Travel To: Victoria
Trip Details: Apartment maintenance for insurance reasons
| Date | Expenses | Amount |
|---------------|----------------------------------------------|----------|
| July 27, 2021 | 50(km) Constituency office to Tsawwassen Ferry | $27.94 |
| July 27, 2021 | 32(km) Swartz Ferry to Legislature | $17.88 |
| July 29, 2021 | 32(km) Legislature to Swartz Ferry | $17.88 |
| July 29, 2021 | 50(km) Tsawwassen Ferry to Constituency office | $27.94 |
| July 27, 2021 | Ferry Tsawwassen to Swartz - MLA Dykeman is not claiming for accompanying adult | $92.60 |
| July 29, 2021 | Ferry Swartz to Tsawwassen - MLA Dykeman is not claiming for accompanying adult | $92.60 |
Total Payable $276.84
Megan Dykeman
To
Swartz Bay
BCFerries
Suite 500 - 1321 Blanshard Street
Victoria BC Canada V8W 0B7
LANE 44
RECEIPT - PLEASE RETAIN
PURCHASE 2021/07/27
BOOKING- [redacted]
REF#: [redacted]
Reservation Only
| Item | Price |
|-----------------------|---------|
| Reservation fee | 17.00 |
| 20' Undersize Vehi | 59.50 |
| Adult | 35.20 |
| Fuel Rebate | 1.50 |
Total: 110.20
Prepayment: 17.00
Master Card
************ [redacted] 93.20
AUTH 037740 66307724 0010010010 H
Mastercard
A000000041010 / 0000000000 /
NO SIGNATURE TRANSACTION
01 APPROVED - THANK YOU 027
CHANGE DUE: 0.00
***CARDHOLDER COPY***
TSA 27 Jul 2021
[redacted]
1007140 802302
SEE REVERSE SIDE OF TICKET
Megan Dykeman
Swartz Bay
To
Tsawwassen
BCFerries
Suite 500 - 1321 Blanshard Street
Victoria BC Canada V8W 0B7
LANE 05
RECEIPT - PLEASE RETAIN
PURCHASE 2021/07/29
BOOKING- [redacted]
REF#: [redacted]
Reservation Only
| Item | Price |
|-----------------------|---------|
| 1 Reservation fee | 17.00 |
| 20' Undersize Vehi | 59.50 |
| 2 Adult | 35.20 |
| Fuel Rebate | 1.50 |
Total: 110.20
Prepayment: 17.00
Master Card
************ [redacted] 93.20
AUTH 067622 66307704 0010019340 H
Mastercard
A000000041010 / 0000000000 /
NO SIGNATURE TRANSACTION
01 APPROVED - THANK YOU 027
CHANGE DUE: 0.00
***CARDHOLDER COPY***
SWB 29 Jul 2021
[redacted]
1005031 035976
SEE REVERSE SIDE OF TICKET
Travel To: Pit Meadows
Trip Details: Pit Meadows - Tour of Kanaka Greenhouses and farm tours - out of constituency
| Date | Expenses | Amount |
|--------------------|-----------------------------------------------|----------|
| June 25, 2021 | 58(km) Round trip | $31.90 |
| June 25, 2021 | Breakfast & Lunch only | $39.50 |
| | Left 0800 returned 1400 | |
Total Payable $71.40
Travel To: Pitt Meadows
Trip Details: Pitt Meadows - Tour with Minister - out of constituency
| Date | Expenses | Amount |
|--------------------|---------------------------------|----------|
| August 12, 2021 | 58(km) Round trip | $31.90 |
| August 12, 2021 | Lunch only left at 1100 returned 1600 | $27.00 |
Total Payable $58.90
Travel To: Rosedale
Trip Details: Tour of West River Dairy Farm - travel out of constituency
| Date | Expenses | Amount |
|--------------------|-----------------------------------------------|----------|
| August 25, 2021 | 152(km) Round trip | $83.60 |
| August 25, 2021 | Breakfast & Lunch only | $39.50 |
| | Left at 0900 returned 1300 | |
Total Payable $123.10
Travel To: Chilliwack
Trip Details: MLAs to Chilliwack for Caucus Retreat and Outreach
| Date | Expenses | Amount |
|--------------------|---------------------------|----------|
| September 22, 2021 | Accommodation Expenses | $208.80 |
| September 22, 2021 | Dinner Only | $36.00 |
| September 23, 2021 | Dinner Only | $36.00 |
| September 24, 2021 | Lunch only | $27.00 |
Total Payable $307.80
| Date | Description | Quantity | Unit Price | Total (CAD) |
|------------|---------------------------|----------|------------|-------------|
| 9/22/2021 | Room Charge | 1 | 90.00 | 90.00 |
| 9/22/2021 | GST Taxes | 1 | 4.50 | 4.50 |
| 9/22/2021 | Room Tax PST | 1 | 7.20 | 7.20 |
| 9/22/2021 | Municipal Room Tax | 1 | 2.70 | 2.70 |
| 9/23/2021 | Room Charge | 1 | 90.00 | 90.00 |
| 9/23/2021 | GST Taxes | 1 | 4.50 | 4.50 |
| 9/23/2021 | Room Tax PST | 1 | 7.20 | 7.20 |
| 9/23/2021 | Municipal Room Tax | 1 | 2.70 | 2.70 |
**Total invoice**: 208.80
**Total Paid**: -208.80
**Total Due**: 0.00
**Total GST**: 9.00 | <urn:uuid:b7750cae-6d9e-400b-a993-e8cd566d7619> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 5,127 |
MONACHE HIGH SCHOOL
Parking Lot Rules
If you are planning to drive to Monache High School this year, please read this form with your parents and sign in the appropriate areas. This completed form is required to receive a parking permit.
Operating a vehicle is a significant responsibility, and driving to school is a privilege. For the convenience and safety of all our students and staff, the following parking and driving rules are in effect:
PERMITS: Drivers parking their cars on school premises must have
1. Valid Driver's License
2. Current insurance policy
3. MHS parking registration form with parent/guardian signature on file
4. Parking permit and permit number visible inside car
Permits may be used for multiple vehicles, provided each vehicle using a permit is registered with the school and the parking permit is visible inside the vehicle when parked on campus. Lost or stolen permits may be replaced for a $5 fee.
PARKING REGULATIONS: Parking regulations are strictly enforced. Students applying for and receiving parking permits should fully understand their responsibility in following the rules.
1. The student lot is reserved for students who agree to abide by the parking lot rules.
2. Parking on school premises is limited to those who have legally registered automobiles, drivers' licenses, current insurance and who obtain a parking permit through the established process.
3. It will be the responsibility of the student driver to insure that the permit including the permit number is visible from the outside of the vehicle (hanging the permit from the rear-view mirror is preferred). Motorbike drivers must also obtain a permit and follow all regulations.
4. Student drivers should plan to arrive at school prior to 1st period with sufficient time to make it to class on time.
5. Student drivers should enter the school immediately upon arrival – no loitering is permitted in the parking lot. Students should enter by way of the student lot entrance.
6. After students enter campus, they may not return to their vehicles without office permission, unless leaving school for the day.
7. Keys must be removed and cars must be locked.
8. Even the slightest auto accident on school grounds must be immediately reported to the office.
9. All general school rules apply to parking lot. (Example: no smoking in cars)
10. Cars not properly registered in the school office are subject to being towed away at owner's expense.
11. Always yield the right-of-way to buses when on school grounds.
12. Suspended students will lose parking privileges during the time of suspension. Expelled students will lose their campus parking privileges.
13. Student drivers should leave cautiously as soon as possible after being dismissed – no loitering.
14. Students who transfer parking permits to others will lose their permit.
15. Any car found with drug paraphernalia or any other illegal substances will be subject to police impoundment.
16. Police periodically patrol the student parking lot. All vehicles must comply with state law. (This includes the law on tinted glass.)
17. Students may not park in the staff or visitor parking areas - which are located north of the student parking lot adjacent to the Campus Center and Administration Buildings or in the bus drop off areas.
18. Parking is not permitted in the fire lanes, driveways, or handicapped areas (unless student has a valid disabled person's parking permit), or in open and unmarked areas.
19. All vehicles must be parked within the lines of a designated parking stall. One car per stall and one stall per car.
20. Failure to adhere to campus parking regulations will result in discipline, loss of parking privileges and/or towing of vehicle at owner's expense.
DRIVING REGULATIONS:
1. Speed on school campus is to be kept at or below 10 mph.
2. Drivers must come to a complete stop at all stop signs on campus.
3. All safety rules of the road will apply when driving to and from school and on school grounds. Reckless driving at any time will result in discipline and/or suspension of parking privileges.
4. Driving on or across islands, curbs, or other dirt or grass areas and pedestrian walkways is not allowed.
5. All drivers will follow the direction of school staff, campus security, and/or police.
PARKING AGREEMENT:
I have read and understood parking lot rules as set forth in this document. I understand that parking at school is a privilege and extended to me as a student and that I can lose this privilege if I fail to comply with these rules. I understand that my vehicle may be towed at my expense and that I may be ticketed and fined if I park illegally. I further acknowledge that the school district, school, and its agents cannot be held responsible for damage or loss due to vandalism, collision, or theft of my vehicle or contents thereof, or bodily injury or property damage resulting from a non-district-owned vehicle collision or pedestrian accident.
____________________________
__________________________________________
Date
Student Signature
____________________________
__________________________________________
Date
Parent/Guardian Signature
CONTRABAND AND PARKING LOT SEARCH POLICY:
Each student applying for a parking permit must read each paragraph in the section below. If you agree to the terms of the paragraph, initial each and sign your acknowledgement below. Your parents must also sign this portion.
(initials) ______I agree that when parking on school premises, I will not bring weapons, alcohol, controlled substances (i.e., any unlawful substance or drug not prescribed to me by a licensed health care provider), tobacco, or other contraband items which are prohibited by the law or school rules.
(initials)_________I understand that while my vehicle is parked on school grounds, it may be searched by school officials or by law enforcement at a school official’s direction if school officials develop an individualized suspicion that I, or someone recently transported to school in my vehicle, or recently present in my vehicle while the vehicle is on school premises, has violated the law or school rules. The search of my vehicle will have a connection to the law or school rule that is suspected of having been violated. I consent to a search of my vehicle under these circumstances.
(initials)______I also understand that school officials will periodically implement trained drug dogs with the assistance of law enforcement to sniff vehicles parked on school premises. I consent to this limited intrusion by school officials and/or law enforcement while my vehicle is parked on school premises.
(initials)_____If a trained drug dog “alerts” on my vehicle while it is parked on school premises, I consent to a further search of my vehicle for controlled substances or drugs by school officials or law enforcement at the request of school officials.
(initials)_____If a trained drug dog “alerts” on my vehicle while it is parked on school premises and I take any willful steps to impede, obstruct, or otherwise prevent the search of my vehicle— including but not limited to the refusal to surrender my keys to open the vehicle—I understand that I will immediately lose parking privileges on campus. I also understand that the school or school district will consider the reaction of the trained dog and my willful steps to impede, obstruct, or otherwise prevent the search of my vehicle as presumptive evidence that I have violated the law or school rules by bringing contraband on campus. I understand that I will be subject to student discipline under these circumstances no less than if the suspected contraband were recovered from my vehicle.
I have carefully read and initialed each of the preceding paragraphs and understand what I have read. I agree to all the terms and conditions that have been set forth in these paragraphs.
____________________________
__________________________________________
Date
Student Signature
____________________________
__________________________________________
Date
Parent/Guardian Signature
Monache High School 2019 - 2020 STUDENT DRIVER REGISTRATION
PRINT ALL INFORMATION
Name _____________________________________________ Student # _______________ Grade _____
Address______________________________________________________________________________
Telephone Number ___________________________ Date of Birth ______________________________
How many different cars will you be driving to school? ___________________________
Make/Model ___________________________ Color _________________ License #________________
Make/Model ___________________________ Color _________________ License #________________
Make/Model ___________________________Color _________________ License #_________________
Do you have a valid driver's license? ____________ OFFICE VERIFICATION:_______________
Are you currently insured to drive? _______________ OFFICE VERIFICATION: ______________
If you are given a parking permit you understand that parking is at your own risk. The Porterville Unified School District is NOT responsible or liable for any damages to vehicles while parked on school property. Parking permits are the property of Monache High School and Monache High School has the right to refuse/revoke parking privileges for violation of parking rules and regulations. By signing below, you acknowledge that you have read, understand, and agree to all rules and terms of this agreement.
Student signature _________________________________________ Date __________________
Signature of parent or guardian ______________________________Date ___________________
PLEASE BRING YOUR DRIVER'S LICENSE AND PROOF OF INSURANCE WITH THIS FORM TO THE ADMINISTRATION OFFICE.
COMPLETE FRONT AND BACK OF THIS FORM
Permit # ________________
Issued by: _______________ | <urn:uuid:b608a2af-f47a-4ef8-be6f-c8b79f0747f1> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 9,855 |
Book
Policy Manual
Section
000 Local Board Procedures
Title
Student Representative to the Board
Code
004.1
Status
Adopted
Last Revised
Purpose
The Board recognizes that its actions most directly affect district students. The Board may choose to establish the position of student representative to facilitate communication between the Board and the students. The structure to voting for the board representative is to mimic real voting requirements.
Qualifications
* The student representative must be in good academic standing and cannot be failing a class. A copy of the grade report must be submitted by the student with letter of interest and a petition of interest.
* Must be in good standing free of discipline violations.
* The student representative must be a member of the junior or senior class during the year(s) in which s/he serves as a representative to the Board.
* The student representative must be able to attend a minimum of two (2) evening meetings a month.
* The student representative must be a resident of the district and a citizen of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Student Representative Responsibilities
* Attend regular, special, and committee meetings of the Board.
* Assume the role of the student representative to the Board. The student representative serves in a nonvoting capacity but can bring issues to the Board for consideration through the Board or committee system.
* Student representatives will not attend Executive Sessions of the Board.
* Become knowledgeable about the district's policies and the functions of the Board.
* Be prepared to study all relevant matters presented to the Board in light of the needs that exist rather than through preconceived notions.
* Be cognizant of the role of the Board as a policy-making and not an administrative body.
* Participate in discussions as appropriate.
* Act for the Board only when authorized by the Board to perform a specific task on the Board's behalf.
* Review the agenda before each meeting.
* Become knowledgeable about Board procedures and Roberts Rules of Order.
* Attend meetings on a regular basis, maintain good academic standing, can not be failing a class, and remain free of disciplinary violations.
* Be cognizant that the Board President and Superintendent alone have the responsibility to speak to the press and public on behalf of the Board.
Selection Procedures
* Students who wish to serve as a student representative to the Board must submit a letter of interest, and a petition of interest signed by at least ten (10) students to the high school principal by April of their Sophomore or Junior year.
* If more than one student wishes to serve and meet the Qualifications, their names will be added to the ballot for the student body to vote on. The student with the most votes will have the application and vote records forwarded to the Superintendent. Ties will require a runoff vote.
* Superintendent of Schools will review the selection and finalize appointment as student representative.
* Elections will be held by the end of April every year for a one (1) year term.
* There is a two-year term limit.
* The first scheduled Board meeting in June will be the first meeting for a newly elected student representative.
* If a student is unable to complete the required duties of the position, the student will be replaced by a representative appointed by the high school principal until the next scheduled election in April.
* There shall be two spots for student representative to the board to be filled by one Junior elected and one Senior elected.
* Athletes may apply as long as the athletic schedule does not cause them to miss more than 1/4 of the meetings. All meetings to be missed must be reported to the Board or Superintendent a week before the meeting.
Student Objections
* Any student who believes an election was handled unfairly can submit a letter to the superintendent who will investigate and come to a decision.
* Election decisions ruled on by the superintendent can be appealed to The Board. The Board's decision is final and not appeal-able.
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The Ring of Solomon
Sprak:
Engelsk
Kategori:
E-bøker
Forlag:
Random House Children's Publishers UK
ISBN/EAN:
9780552562942
Utgivelsesar:
2011
Serie:
The Bartimaeus Sequence
Forfatter:
Jonathan Stroud
Antall sider:
448
The Ring of Solomon.pdf
The Ring of Solomon.epub
Fans of the Bartimaeus sequence will devour this book - a cracking adventure brimming with magic, intrigue and a treasure trove of characters that the reader can't help but fall for. We find everyone's favourite irascible djinni serving at the court of King Solomon in 950 BC Jerusalem, where he is causing his customary chaos and must help a girl assassin sent by the Queen of Sheba to steal the all-powerful Ring of Solomon. The comic relief is perfectly timed, the dialogue sharp and snappy and the fiendishly clever plot perfectly handled with Jonathan's trademark flair and command of language. Thrills, chills and a danger-spiked finale make Ring of Solomon an absolute must-read.
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Inspection of Royal Free Hospital Children's School
6 West B, The Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG
Inspection dates:
9–10 October 2019
What is it like to attend this school?
Pupils are settled, safe and happy. Leaders reassure pupils who are admitted to the ward that they can continue learning and keep up with school work. Teachers help pupils learn at their bedside or in the classroom. Pupils complete an 'all about me' booklet so that all adults at the school understand the pupil's personality, interests and goals for the future.
For older pupils, leaders immediately find out about their examination subjects. They make sure that pupils, parents and carers, and the pupils' mainstream school know exactly what special examination arrangements are available. Parents and pupils really appreciate this. It has a positive impact on pupils' attitude to their condition and treatment as well as their learning.
Pupils' behaviour is excellent. They are kind and supportive of each other because adults show them how. Pupils are confident that there is no bullying, or, if there were, that adults would deal with it.
Teachers make sure that the work is suitable for individual pupils. Adults help and support pupils to succeed. Pupils work independently, in pairs and in groups. Adults make sure that pupils challenge themselves in new and sometimes unfamiliar situations.
What does the school do well and what does it need to do better?
The school provides an exceptional quality of education for pupils. Pupils are well supported to manage their medical conditions and to focus on learning and achieving their best. Some pupils overcome considerable gaps in their education and study successfully for a range of GCSEs and other qualifications. Almost all pupils rejoin their main school or go on to college at the end of Year 11.
Expert subject leaders develop a curriculum that is well structured and organised. For example, teachers used primary-aged pupils' interest in dinosaurs as a context for teaching about the formation of fossils, and to develop an understanding of time.
In Years 10 and 11, pupils study well beyond examination requirements. For example, they study a wide range of literature and poetry from different cultures in English. Subject leaders are creative. They design and produce high-quality resources for pupils.
Pupils' behaviour is excellent because adults' expectations are clear and consistent. Pupils concentrate well in class and show empathy for each other. The school is a tolerant and respectful place, with a mature learning ethos.
Pupils experience a wide range of positive personal development opportunities. In arts week, pupils visit and work with artists and galleries across north London. Pupils were asked by the hospital to provide artwork for its current building project. Pupils
take part in a wide range of trips and residential experiences.
Leaders ensure that the curriculum meets the needs of pupils. They work diligently with the hospital, Camden local authority and the pupils' main schools to get all the information they need. They spend time with pupils and do their own assessments. They take into account pupils' educational and medical needs, examination subjects and career aspirations.
The headteacher and senior staff are ambitious for pupils to return to mainstream education. They have high expectations. They encourage all staff to show leadership and take responsibility, and trust them to do this. Staff model this same approach for pupils. Leaders have the expertise and skill to lead a complex and diverse provision.
Governors have a clear vision of the school. They bring together education, health and safeguarding for the benefit of the child. They fully support the school's research with the medical teams. The headteacher and senior leaders have developed a national reputation in hospital schooling, for example in developing the hospital school as a resource for supporting pupils with type 1 diabetes.
Parents say that their children's academic progress, self-esteem and confidence have grown a lot since coming to the school. Leaders provide family days for parents to support them in understanding their child's medical condition.
Safeguarding
The arrangements for safeguarding are effective.
Leaders develop strong partnerships within the hospital and with external partners. These help to keep pupils safe. Pupils get the right help if there are concerns about their well-being. Leaders identify risks, seek advice and follow up quickly.
All school staff meet at the start of the day to share information. They reflect on pupils' needs and agree on actions to support pupils. School leaders also meet daily with medical professionals on the wards in the 'safeguarding huddle'. This ensures that everyone works together in the best interests of the child. Leaders have created a strong culture of safeguarding.
How can I feed back my views?
You can use Ofsted Parent View to give Ofsted your opinion on your child's school, or to find out what other parents and carers think. We use Ofsted Parent View information when deciding which schools to inspect, when to inspect them and as part of their inspection.
The Department for Education has further guidance on how to complain about a school.
If you're not happy with the inspection or the report, you can complain to Ofsted.
Further information
You can search for published performance information about the school.
In the report, 'disadvantaged pupils' refers to those pupils who attract government pupil premium funding: pupils claiming free school meals at any point in the last six years and pupils in care or who left care through adoption or another formal route.
School details
Unique reference number
100094
Local authority
Camden
Inspection number
10110394
Type of school
Special
School category
Community special
Age range of pupils
5 to 16
Gender of pupils
Mixed
Number of pupils on the school roll 194
Appropriate authority
The governing body
Chair of governing body
Dr Nicky Rogal
Headteacher
Alex Yates
Website
www.royalfree.camden.sch.uk
Date of previous inspection
18 November 2018
Information about this school
The Royal Free Hospital Children's School caters for pupils with a range of medical and mental health needs. Some pupils have additional learning needs, including some with education, health and care (EHC) plans.
The Royal Free Hospital Children's School includes four different types of provision. The school provides education for children who are in-patients or day patients on the paediatric wards of the Royal Free Hospital. The address of this provision is 6 West B, The Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG. The school provides education for the Royal Free Hospital child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) eating disorder service. This provision is at Queen Mary's House, 124 Heath Street, Hampstead NW3 1DX. The GCSE day school is for pupils who are not currently in-patients at the hospital but who would benefit from attending the school on a full- or part-time basis. This provision is at The Hive, 18 Harben Parade, Finchley Road NW3 6JP. The school also manages the delivery of the Camden medical needs outreach teaching. The school took over this provision in September 2018. There is an outreach teaching site at Camden City Learning Centre, Charrington Street, Somers Town NW1 1RD.
The school caters for primary- and secondary-aged pupils. However, the majority of pupils, those at the GCSE day school and Queen Mary's House, are in Years 10 and 11. When these pupils arrive at the school, they have typically missed
between three and 24 months of schooling.
Pupils are referred to the school in a variety of ways, including from hospital staff, mainstream primary and secondary schools, local authority CAMHS services and through parental enquiry. All referrals are made through a paediatric consultant.
The school does not use any alternative provision.
The school is a leading practice school for mental health and well-being. The school leads and runs the mental health hub for Camden Learning partnership. The school holds the Healthy Schools gold award and Artsmark gold award.
There have been no significant changes in school leadership or governance since the previous section 5 inspection in February 2015.
Information about this inspection
We carried out this inspection under section 5 of the Education Act 2005.
We held a telephone conversation with the headteacher about the quality of education. Additional discussions were held on site with the headteacher, the deputy headteacher, a paediatric consultant from the Royal Free Hospital and other senior leaders.
We visited all four school sites.
We focused deeply on English, mathematics, art and personal, social, health and economic education. We visited classes, looked at work, met with pupils and held discussions with teachers and subject leaders.
We held a meeting with members of the governing body, including the chair of governors. A telephone conversation was held with a representative of the local authority.
We met with the designated safeguarding lead, and reviewed the single central record and a range of documentation about safeguarding.
We met with a range of staff to gather their views.
Parents' views were considered through the two responses to Parent View, Ofsted's online questionnaire, and the parents of four pupils who came in to school to speak to us.
Inspection team
Janet Hallett, lead inspector
Her Majesty's Inspector
Andrew Hook
Her Majesty's Inspector
Kanwaljit Singh
Ofsted Inspector
The Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted) regulates and inspects to achieve excellence in the care of children and young people, and in education and skills for learners of all ages. It regulates and inspects childcare and children's social care, and inspects the Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (Cafcass), schools, colleges, initial teacher training, further education and skills, adult and community learning, and education and training in prisons and other secure establishments. It assesses council children's services, and inspects services for children looked after, safeguarding and child protection.
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Leckere Pflaumen-Käsekuchen Törtchen
Dieses schnelle Dessert ist genau das Richtige, wenn du ohne große Anstrengung beeindrucken möchtest. Viel Erfolg!
Zubereitung: 15 Minuten
Backzeit: 15 Minuten
Für 6 Personen
Zutaten:
6 gekaufte Teigförmchen
6 südafrikanische Flavor King Pflaumen, entkernt und in dünnen Scheiben
100 gr. Frischkäse
2 Esslöffel griechischer Joghurt
½ Teelöffel Vanille Extrakt
1 Teelöffel geriebene Zitronenschale
1 Esslöffel Streuzucker
1 Eigelb
1 Passionsfrucht
20 gr. heller Rohrzucker
Frische Minzblätter zum Dekorieren
1. Backofen auf 180°C vorheizen, Umluft auf 160°C, Gas auf Stufe 4.
2. Die Teigförmchen auf ein Backblech legen. Die Hälfte der Pflaumenscheiben auf die Teighüllen verteilen.
3. Frischkäse, griechischen Joghurt, Vanille Extrakt, geriebene Zitronenschale, Streuzucker und Eigelb gut mischen. In die Teigförmchen füllen und 15 Minuten lang backen oder bis sie fest werden.
4. Während die Käse-Törtchen backen, die restlichen Pflaumenscheiben zusammen mit dem Fruchtfleisch der Passionsfrucht in eine Pfanne geben. Den hellen Rohrzucker darüber streuen, zusammen mit 3 Esslöffeln Wasser. Langsam 3-4 Minuten köcheln lassen.
5. Die Törtchen noch leicht warm, mit der Pflaumen/Passionsfrucht Mischung darauf und mit Minzblättern garniert, servieren.
Tipp vom Koch:
Wenn Sie möchten können Sie auch einen großen Teigboden anstelle der EinzelTeigförmchen verwenden – man muss dann nur die Backzeit etwas verlängern damit die Käsefüllung fest wird. | <urn:uuid:2bad681a-f35d-492c-a098-f57f24fa6be7> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/deu_Latn/train | finepdfs | deu_Latn | 1,503 |
CONTROL DE ACCESOS CON CONTROL DE TEMPERATURA
COVID-19 + SOLUCIONES DE SEGURIDAD
Soluciones de control de accesos y detección de temperatura con la serie MinMoe, con reconocimiento facial y funciones de control de presencia, y con el arco de detección de metales. La amplia gama oferece una solución altamente eficaz, precisa y sin contacto para cada necesidad existente.
>0.2 SEGUNDOS
para la verificación del reconocimiento facial.
ALGORITMO IA
aumenta la precisión del reconocimiento facial respecto a otras soluciones.
SIN CONTACTO
en la medición para evitar proximidad física y contagios.
MASCARILLA + FIEBRE en la detección para evitar la propagación del virus.
FÁCIL INSTALACIÓN
e integrable con sistemas existentes.
La serie MinMoe con reconocimiento facial, funciones de control de presencia y detección de temperatura, son el control de accesos más completo ante el COVID-19.
Estos terminales funcionan en base a Inteligencia Artificial y algoritmos de Deep Learning, que aumenta la precisión del reconocimiento facial en un 38% respecto a soluciones con algoritmos tradicionales.
Además, los terminales MinMoe permiten la detección de temperatura y de mascarilla, pudiendo programar una alarma al detectar fiebre o no uso de la mascarilla.
TERMINALES SERIE MINMOE
TERMINAL AUTÓNOMO CON RECONOCIMIENTO FACIAL ALL-IN-ONE
Este terminal es un tipo de dispositivo de control de accesos con la función de control de temperatura y mascarilla. Al ser plug&play permite una rápida instalación, configuración y uso. Debido a su practicidad, comodidad y precisión es óptimo para ser usado en distintos entornos.
* Montaje Plug &play
* Pantalla táctil LCD de 10.1", Cámara de lente dual de 2MPx con óptica de gran angular
* Máx. 50.000 caras
* Rango de detección de fiebre 30ºC ~ 45ºC
* Precisión ±0.5ºC
* Distancia de detección 0.3m ~ 2m
* Tiempo de reconocimiento facial ≤0.2s
* Detección de uso de mascarilla
* Software compatible iVMS-4200 y HikCentral
* Terminal para uso en interiores
* Incluye soporte de pie y fuente de alimentación
* Soporta 6 estados de control de presencia
* Fácil montaje e instalación
* Pantalla táctil LCD de 7"
* Cámara de lente dual de 2MPx con óptica de gran angular y WDR
* Módulo de proximidad Mifare
* Máx. 50.000 caras y 50.000 tarjetas
* Rango de detección de fiebre 30ºC ~ 45ºC
* Precisión ±0.5ºC
* Distancia de detección 0.3m ~ 2m
* Tiempo de reconocimiento facial ≤0.2s
* Detección de uso de mascarilla
* Software compatible iVMS-4200 y HikCentral
* Terminal para uso en interiores
* Montaje en pared
* Compatible con soporte de pie DS-KAB671-B (no incluido)
* No incluye fuente de alimentación
* Soporta 6 estados de control de presencia
TERMINAL AUTÓNOMO CON RECONOCIMIENTO FACIAL
Terminal de reconocimiento facial con control de temperatura integrado. Permite medir la temperatura de manera rápida y generar un alarma en caso de valores fuera de lo normal. Es de aplicación en diversos entornos como, por ejemplo, fábricas, escuelas y edificios corporativos.
DS-K1T671TM-3XF
DS-KAB671-B
* Fácil montaje e instalación
* Pantalla táctil LCD de 7"
* Cámara de lente dual de 2MPx con óptica de gran angular
* Máx. 50.000 caras
* Rango de detección de fiebre 30ºC ~ 45ºC
* Precisión ±0.5ºC
* Distancia de detección 0.3m ~ 2m
* Tiempo de reconocimiento facial ≤0.2s
* Detección de uso de mascarilla
* Software compatible iVMS-4200 y HikCentral
* Terminal para uso en interiores
* Montaje en tornos (incluye soporte)
* No incluye fuente de alimentación
* Soporta 6 estados de control de presencia
TERMINAL AUTÓNOMO CON RECONOCIMIENTO FACIAL
Terminal de reconocimiento facial con control de temperatura. Diseñado para ser instalado y usado en tornos. Permite medir la temperatura de manera rápida y generar un alarma en caso de valores fuera de lo normal.
1 SEGUNDO
para detectar la temperatura corporal
18
ZONAS INDEPENDIENTES
de detección de metales iluminadas
SIN CONTACTO
en la medición para evitar proximidad física y contagios.
±0.5ºC PRECISIÓN en la medición de la temperatura corporal
FÁCIL INSTALACIÓN
y sistema modular
Otra solución para controlar los accesos y la temperatura corporal es el arco de detección de metales.
Se trata de un sistema modular, que se compone de una puerta con un detector de metales con 18 zonas independientes de detección, a la que se le incorpora un dispositivo térmico para la detección de temperatura y una pantalla LCD que muestra la información en tiempo real.
Es una solución eficaz, de doble verificación y medición sin contacto, fácil de instalar y configurar, apto para diversos entornos.
ARCO DETECCIÓN DE METALES
ARCO DETECTOR DE METAL CON MEDICIÓN DE TEMPERATURA
Arco con tecnología termográfica para la de temperatura. Mediante el detector de rostro, la cámara hace un posicionamiento preciso de la medición. Además, al dectar metales es óptimo para realizar una inspección segura de objetos potencialmente peligrosos.
* Conteo de personas, alarmas de metal y personas con fiebre.
* 18 zonas independientes de detección
* Pantalla LCD para mostrar la temperatura en tiempo real
* Resolución imagen térmica 160x120
* Precisión de la medida de la temperatura ±0.5ºC
* Rango de detección de temperatura 30 ~ 45ºC
* Modo de video Bi-spectrum fusión de imagen
* Según la norma internacional de seguridad, cumple con mujeres embarazadas, personas con problemas cardíacos, marcapasos, etc.
LOS SECTORES DE APLICACIÓN DE LA SOLUCIÓN
A pesar de la distinta naturaleza y necesidades de cada sector, la implantación de sistemas de control de accesos con medición de temperatura, con o sin reconocimiento facial, es idoneo para la protección de espacios frente al COVID-19.
MUSEOS ESPACIOS DE OCIO
HOSPITALES CENTROS MÉDICOS
UNIVERSIDADES ESCUELAS CENTROS DE FORMACIÓN
INDUSTRIA FÁBRICAS EDIFICIOS CORPORATIVOS
CENTROS COMERCIALES SUPERMERCADOS
AEROPUERTOS METRO ESTACIONES
ESTADIOS
PABELLONES
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ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΑ ΓΕΝΙΚΗΣ ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑΣ Β΄ ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ (2020 – 2021)
Γ1΄ ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ (ΧΕΙΜΕΡΙΝΟ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ 2020 – 2021)
Γ2΄ ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ (ΧΕΙΜΕΡΙΝΟ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ 2020 – 2021)
Γ3΄ ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ (ΧΕΙΜΕΡΙΝΟ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ 2020 – 2021)
Γ5΄ ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ (ΧΕΙΜΕΡΙΝΟ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ 2020 – 2021)
Γ΄ ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ ΕΠΑΛ (ΧΕΙΜΕΡΙΝΟ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ 2020 – 2021)
Γ΄ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ ΣΧΕΔΙΟ (ΧΕΙΜΕΡΙΝΟ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ 2020 – 2021)
ΓΡΑΜΜΙΚΟ & ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΟ | <urn:uuid:47082fe9-4d56-40f3-9819-2675e473b386> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ell_Grek/train | finepdfs | ell_Grek | 1,306 |
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Používateľ programu:Obec Bačkov S/N 1 | <urn:uuid:85bdfc1a-26de-4fab-a123-e0a8c96be172> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/slk_Latn/train | finepdfs | slk_Latn | 403 |
Jersey Wal
Short Bob
Sheriff Pad
Pistol Bud
Cory Don
Desert Jim
Barry Slo
High Rock
C. N. Dou
Shirttail B
Gillyboy
Trizzlee
Quicksand
Aim Me W
Rattle Snake
Kid Rich
Doc Slowd
Go West
Slokum
MATCH SHEET
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| Cat | Total Time | Stage 1 Pen Tot | | | Stage 2 Raw Pen Tot | | | Stage 3 Raw Pen Tot | | | Stage 4 Raw Pen Tot | | | Stage 5 Raw Pen Tot | | | Stage 6 Raw Pen Tot | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 49 | 144.44 | 32.65 | | 32.65 | 25.51 | | 25.51 | 20.76 | | 20.76 | 33.88 | | 33.88 | 14.21 | | 14.21 | 17.43 | | 17.43 |
| C | 159.93 | 46.04 | | 46.04 | 30.11 | | 30.11 | 27.11 | | 27.11 | 28.13 | | 28.13 | 16.14 | | 16.14 | 12.4 | | 12.4 |
| C | 173.68 | 37.61 | 5 | 42.61 | 24.60 | 15 | 39.6 | 23.59 | 10 | 33.59 | 25.41 | 5 | 30.41 | 14.25 | | 14.25 | 13.22 | | 13.22 |
| CB | 308.57 | 80.88 | 5 | 85.88 | 59.72 | | 59.72 | 44.00 | | 44 | 50.39 | 5 | 55.39 | 28.08 | 5 | 33.08 | 30.50 | | 30.5 |
| D | 219.28 | 30.17 | 10 | 40.17 | 31.38 | 20 | 51.38 | 20.11 | | 20.11 | 29.65 | 10 | 39.65 | 24.06 | | 24.06 | 23.91 | 20 | 43.91 |
| ER | 1168.01 | 67.6 | 15 | 82.6 | 49.19 | | 49.19 | 37.22 | | 37.22 | DNF | | 999 | | | 0 | | | 0 |
| F | 188.42 | 49.1 | | 49.1 | 32.42 | | 32.42 | 27.38 | | 27.38 | 32.58 | 10 | 42.58 | 18.59 | | 18.59 | 13.35 | 5 | 18.35 |
| FC | 166.7 | 39.17 | 10 | 49.17 | 27.37 | 10 | 37.37 | 20.63 | | 20.63 | 28.91 | | 28.91 | 15.67 | | 15.67 | 14.95 | | 14.95 |
| FCGF | 92.07 | 22.98 | | 22.98 | 16.94 | | 16.94 | 13.20 | | 13.2 | 18.59 | | 18.59 | 11.07 | | 11.07 | 9.29 | | 9.29 |
| GD | 181.28 | 33.8 | 40 | 73.8 | 26.84 | | 26.84 | 20.83 | | 20.83 | 29.83 | | 29.83 | 16.28 | | 16.28 | 13.7 | | 13.7 |
| GF | 121.35 | 24.20 | | 24.2 | 20.83 | 15 | 35.83 | 12.14 | | 12.14 | 18.60 | | 18.6 | 16.35 | | 16.35 | 14.23 | | 14.23 |
| LFC | 206.33 | 51.2 | 5 | 56.2 | 37.62 | | 37.62 | 28.05 | | 28.05 | 37.31 | 5 | 42.31 | 17.65 | | 17.65 | 24.5 | | 24.5 |
| LS | 203.4 | 41.09 | | 41.09 | 30.84 | | 30.84 | 29.08 | 5 | 34.08 | 46.70 | | 46.7 | 17.27 | 10 | 27.27 | 23.42 | | 23.42 |
| LS | 999 | DNF | | 999 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 |
| O | 417.08 | 87.77 | | 87.77 | 89.57 | 35 | 124.57 | 57.64 | | 57.64 | 74.11 | | 74.11 | 39.65 | | 39.65 | 33.34 | | 33.34 |
| Out | 253.2 | 49.1 | 15 | 64.1 | 31.43 | 5 | 36.43 | 33.84 | 10 | 43.84 | 36.45 | | 36.45 | 27.55 | 15 | 42.55 | 29.83 | | 29.83 |
| P | 249.5 | 52.24 | | 52.24 | 43.10 | | 43.1 | 37.47 | | 37.47 | 49.73 | 5 | 54.73 | 22.81 | | 22.81 | 29.15 | 10 | 39.15 |
| S | 999 | DNF | | 999 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 0 |
| W | 185.2 | 46.31 | | 46.31 | 32.19 | | 32.19 | 27.62 | 5 | 32.62 | 35.98 | | 35.98 | 18.80 | | 18.8 | 19.30 | | 19.3 | | <urn:uuid:f05510b7-f1bf-43c3-b3bc-bafd3d97561b> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 2,864 |
How can we work together to establish, articulate, and pursue compelling visions for our field—visions that will shape the intellectual future of the field, that will catalyze research investment and public support, and that will attract the best and brightest minds of a new generation?
The National Science Foundation asked the Computing Research Association to create the Computing Community Consortium (CCC) to address this challenge. The mechanics of the CCC have been described elsewhere; in this column, I focus on the substance.
Computing has Made Extraordinary Progress
William Shockley, Walter Brattain, and John Bardeen invented the transistor at Bell Laboratories in 1947, just over 60 years ago. Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments and Bob Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor demonstrated the integrated circuit only 50 years ago, in 1958. It was 1965—just a bit more than 40 years ago—when Gordon Moore described what is now universally referred to as “Moore’s Law.”
Today, the computational power of an early mainframe can be found in an electronic greeting card, and the computational power that guided Apollo 11 to the moon is contained in a Furby electronic toy. There are more than one billion PCs, and nearly that many Internet hosts.
It was only 10 years ago that Deep Blue—a supercomputer by any definition—defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov. Today, thanks more to progress in software than to progress in hardware, you can download for your PC a chess engine with a rating 10% higher than any human player. Most of the “futurist scenarios” described when *Time* magazine featured the computer as “Machine of the Year” 25 years ago have been realized, including computer-controlled tailoring using laser-scanning, robots performing domestic chores, embedded systems that people don’t realize are computers at all.
Advances in computing are changing the way we live, work, learn, and communicate. These advances are driving advances in nearly all other fields and are significantly influencing the U.S. economy—not just through the growth of the IT industry, but even more importantly, through productivity growth across all sectors.
Research has Laid the Foundation
Almost every aspect of computing that is integral to our lives today can trace its roots, at least in substantial part, to federally sponsored research. In 1995, the National Academies’ “Brooks-Sutherland Report” traced the lineage of a number of billion-dollar sub-sectors of the computing industry: timesharing, computer graphics, networking (LANs and the Internet), personal workstation computing, windows and the graphical user interface, RISC architectures, modern integrated circuit design, RAID storage, and parallel computing. In each case, the role of federally sponsored research was clear.
The panel conducting this study (I was one of the 12 members) lamented our inability to identify new ideas that might someday be comparably influential. But eight years later, the National Academies did a reprise of the study and noted entertainment technology, data mining, portable communication, the Web, speech recognition, and broadband last mile as new billion-dollar subsectors whose roots could be traced, at least in substantial part, to federally sponsored research. (The figure on the next page shows the approximate time frame from concept to billion-dollar industry.)
While we may not be sure which they are, there surely are technologies in our laboratories today that will have comparable impact a decade from now.
The Future is Full of Opportunity
Several months ago, the National Academy of Engineering unveiled 14 “Grand Challenges for Engineering” for the 21st century. The majority of these “Grand Challenges” for *all* of engineering have either substantial or preponderant computer science content:
- Secure cyberspace
- Enhance virtual reality
- Advance health information systems
- Advance personalized learning
- Engineer better medicines
- Engineer the tools of scientific discovery
- Reverse-engineer the brain
- Prevent nuclear terror (to a great extent a sensor network and data mining problem)
These are, in every way, visions that can shape the intellectual future of our field, catalyze research investment and public support, and attract the best and brightest minds of a new generation. And there are many more such visions:
- Create the future of networking
- Empower the developing world through appropriate information technology
- Design automobiles that don’t crash
- Build truly scalable computing systems
- Engineer advanced “robotic prosthetics”—the field of Neurobotics
- Instrument your body as thoroughly as your automobile
- Engineer biology (synthetic biology)
- Achieve quantum computing
It is very difficult to imagine a field with greater opportunity to change the world.
**The Role of the Computing Community Consortium**
The role of the Computing Community Consortium is to help our field “put the meat on the bones” of visions such as these. For each of these visions—and for others—we must work together to build a research community, lay out a research roadmap, and acquire momentum.
One way in which CCC is doing this is to sponsor a series of workshops on various topics: thus far, “big data computing,” “cyber-physical systems,” visions for theoretical computer science, the future of robotics, and network science and engineering. CCC is actively soliciting proposals for additional workshops from members of the research community.
---
**The “tire tracks” diagram illustrates time from concept to billion-dollar industry.**
| Year | Concept | University | Industry R&D | Products | $1 B market |
|------|---------|------------|--------------|----------|-------------|
| 1965 | Timesharing | CTSS, Multics / BSD | Unix | SDS 940, 360/67, VMS | |
| 1970 | Client/server computing | Berkeley, CMU, CERN | PARC, DEC, IBM | Novell, EMC, Sun, Oracle | |
| 1975 | Graphics | Sketchpad, Utah | GM/IBM, Xerox, Microsoft | E&I, SGI, ATI, Adobe | |
| 1980 | Entertainment | Spacewar (MIT), Trek (Rochester) | Atari, Nintendo, SGI, Pixar | ARPANET, Aloha, Internet | |
| 1985 | Internet | Pup | DECnet, TCP/IP | Rings, Hubnet | |
| 1990 | LANs | Ethernet, Datakit, Autonet | LANs, switched Ethernet | |
| 1995 | Workstations | Lisp machine, Stanford | Xerox Alto | Xerox Star/Apollo, Sun | |
| 2005 | Graphical user interfaces | Engelbart / Rochester | Alto, Smalltalk | Star, Mac, Microsoft | |
| 1965 | VLSI design | Berkeley, Caltech, MOSIS | many | |
| 1970 | RISC processors | Berkeley, Stanford | IBM 801 | |
| 1975 | Relational databases | SUN, SGI, IBM, HP | Berkeley, Wisconsin | IBM | |
| 1980 | Parallel databases | Tokyo, Wisconsin, UCLA | IBM, ICL | |
| 1985 | Data mining | ICL, Teradata, Tandem | Wisconsin, Stanford | IBM, Arbor | |
| 1990 | Parallel computing | IRL, Arbor, Plato | Illiac-4, CMU, Caltech, HPC | |
| 1995 | RAID/disk servers | Stripling/Datamesh, Petal | many | |
| 2005 | Portable communication | Berkeley, Purdue (CDMA) | Linkabit, Hughes | |
| 1965 | World Wide Web | Qualcomm | CERN, Illinois (Mosaic) | |
| 1970 | Speech recognition | Alta Vista | Netscape, Yahoo, Google | |
| 1975 | Broadband I in last mile | CMU, SRI, MIT | Bell, IBM, Dragon | |
| 1980 | | | Dragon, IBM | |
| 1985 | | | Stanford, UCLA | |
| 1990 | | | Bellcore (Telcordia) | |
| 1995 | | | Amati, Alcatel, Broadcom | |
*The topics are ordered roughly by increasing date of $1 B industry.*
The participants in these workshops are primarily researchers. The workshops also involve representatives of funding agencies—critical to transitioning research visions into funded programs. Often they also involve industrial participants. A recent example of success is CCC’s “Big Data Computing Study Group.” In late March 2008, two workshops were held in Sunnyvale, CA. The first was the “Hadoop Summit,” whose goal was to build a community of users of Hadoop, an open-source version of Google’s MapReduce system for distributing computations across clusters of thousands of nodes. The second was the “Data-Intensive Scalable Computing Symposium,” whose goal was to build a community of researchers concerned with various issues related to “big-data computing” (slides, videos, and summaries are linked from the CCC Web site; www.cra.org/ccc/). Both of these community-building exercises were successful. And, as a result of preliminary work done by the core group of organizers of this effort, Google, IBM, and Yahoo! have made large-scale clusters available to the academic community for education and research, and the National Science Foundation has announced its CluE (Cluster Exploratory) research initiative. There is no magic here—it takes dedicated individuals to make things happen. But CCC can be an enabler.
A number of other CCC activities are described on CCC’s Web site, which includes descriptions of various grand challenge problems and a blog devoted to discussions of research visions for the field. More broadly, CCC is working along with other organizations to “get the word out” regarding our field. I encourage you to become engaged. Participate in the CCC research visions blog (www.cccblog.org/). Join with colleagues to propose a workshop to chart a compelling vision for future of your subfield.
Computer science has accomplished so much, and there is so much additional exciting work to do. The opportunities are truly extraordinary. It’s up to us to seize these opportunities.
References
1. Dean, J. and Ghemawat, S. MapReduce: Simplified data processing on large clusters. In Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation (OSDI ’04), (San Francisco, CA, Dec. 2004); labs.google.com/papers/mapreduce.html.
2. Evolving the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative to Support the Nation’s Information Infrastructure. Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, National Research Council, 1995; www7.national-academies.org/cstb/pub_hpcci.html.
3. Grand Challenges for Engineering. National Academy of Engineering; www.engineeringchallenges.org.
4. Innovation in Information Technology. Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, National Research Council, 2003; www7.national-academies.org/cstb/pub_itinnovation.html.
5. The Computing Community Consortium: Who, what, when, where, why, and how. *Computing Research News* 20, 1 (Jan. 2008); www.cra.org/CRN/issues/0801.pdf.
Ed Lazowska (email@example.com) is the Bill & Melinda Gates Chair in Computer Science & Engineering at the University of Washington and the chair of the Computing Community Consortium. | <urn:uuid:24804639-b25d-48ee-9241-160e18785c64> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 10,612 |
Employment Opportunity
General Information:
The European Chamber of Commerce in Korea (ECCK) is the distinguished association of European Companies operating in or related to Korea. Pursuing a career at the ECCK involves working in a multicultural environment, together with valuable business makers and government officials from Korea and Europe. The challenging tasks and duties will reveal as an opportunity to develop your career in an innovative, modern-working environment.
Job Description & Requirements
Job Description
The position holder will report to Manager of PR & Communications to manage the chamber's internal and external communications and publications.
1. Publications Production & Distribution
ㆍ Support the editing and amendment process by checking content and design of a publication
ㆍ Liaise with external contributors, designers, printers, copyreaders, and other organizations to make sure that publications are produced with a high quality and by deadline
ㆍ Coordinate internally with ECCK's committees to collect draft articles and information as instructed by the supervisor
ㆍ Conduct interviews and/or attend external conferences to prepare articles for publications
ㆍ Draft articles for magazine and newsletter
ㆍ Other logistical tasks when necessary
2. Communication Support
ㆍ Edit and proofread on- and off-line notice and business reports
ㆍ Draft, edit and update contents on ECCK website and social media channels
Requirements
ㆍ Fluent in English and Korean (both oral and written), other language(s) a plus; TOEIC SCORE: 900 or above. TOEIC Speaking: Level 6 or above.
ㆍ Excellent research & analytical skills and capacity to summarize relevant information
ㆍ Strong English writing ability;
ㆍ Proficiency in using MS Office and Hangeul; experience with Adobe Photoshop is a plus
ㆍ 1~2 years of professional work experience.
Application Procedure:
Please send your application by email to email@example.com by April 30, 2021 Application should include:
ㆍ Cover letter in English & Korean (max. 1 page each)
ㆍ CV in English & Korean (max. 1 page each)
Late or incomplete applications will not be considered. | <urn:uuid:95310ead-e9ac-4bbf-a213-cabcc778e4c5> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 2,151 |
Κείμενο - Πρόταση του Χρήστου Καϋμενάκη, Ταμία του ΔΣ της ΟΔΥΕ, για τον συντονισμό δράσεων αλληλεγγύης στους πυρόπληκτους συνανθρώπους μας, τις πυρόπληκτες περιοχές και τις δομές, για την άμεση και μεσο/μακροπρόθεσμη αντιμετώπιση της νέας τραγωδίας που ζούμε.
Αθήνα, Τρίτη 24 Ιουλίου 2018.
Καλημέρα θλίψη!
Τι Τραγωδία, Θεέ μου, είναι κι αυτή;
"Να μη μας δώσει ο Θεός όσα μπορούμε να Αντέξουμε!"
Είναι καιρός, οι ΠΟΛΛΟΙ, να βρούμε τη Δύναμη και τη Διάθεση, τη Λογική και την
Ψυχραιμία μας, και, από τη Θλίψη, την Οργή, την Αγανάκτηση και τον Εθνικό Διχασμό, να
περάσουμε στη Βουβή και Σιωπηλή Ομοψυχία, Γενναιότητα και Υλική και Άυλη Αλληλεγγύη
με Σχέδιο, Έργα, Συναισθήματα...
Να βγούμε στο Ξέφωτο, στο "Φως"
Τουλάχιστον για την αντιμετώπιση αυτής της Συμφοράς...
- Ξεπερνώντας τον Δικομματισμό και τα Δίπολα Μνημονιακοί - Αντιμνημονιακοί, Υπεύθυνοι
- Ανεύθυνοι, Πρώην και Νυν...
- Προσπερνώντας ή βάζοντας Απέναντι την Κυβερνητική και την Αντικυβερνητική Προπαγάνδα, τον Ανταγωνισμό για την Εξουσία, τον Λαϊκισμό, τις Σκοπιμότητες, τις Εντυπώσεις, τη Μιζέρια, τα/τους Δήθεν, τις Αποσπασματικές Δράσεις...
Π.χ., μέσω του δευτεροβάθμιου σωματείου μας, μέσω της ΟΔΥΕ, να αναλάβουμε πρωτοβουλία, να επικοινωνήσουμε και να επιδιώξουμε Συνεργασία και Συντονισμό με τους Συλλόγους μας (της Αττικής και όλης της Χώρας μας, βεβαίως), με την ΑΔΕΔΥ και τη ΓΣΕΕ, και με τους άλλους Συνδικαλιστικούς Φορείς του Υπουργείου της Δικαιοσύνης. Καθώς επίσης και με τους Φορείς της Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης (Περιφέρεια, Δήμοι) των περιοχών που επλήγησαν.
Για πολλές και πολύπλευρες ηθικές, οικονομικές, κοινωνικές, πολιτισμικές και άλλες δράσεις και παρεμβάσεις Αλληλεγγύης, Αμεσες και Μεσο/Μακροπρόθεσμες. ΑΠΌ ΚΟΙΝΟΥ, ΜΕ ΣΧΕΔΙΟ, ΣΥΝΤΟΝΙΣΜΟ, ΕΛΕΓΧΟ, ΔΙΑΦΑΝΕΙΑ, ΔΗΜΟΣΙΟΤΗΤΑ, ΛΟΓΟΔΟΣΙΑ...
Ανοίγοντας ένα Αλλο, Νέο, Διαφορετικό Πολιτι(σμι)κό και Συνδικαλιστικό Μονοπάτι προς τη Δημιουργία, την Ανάπτυξη, την Αισιοδοξία...
Προς την Πραγματική και Ουσιαστική Δημοκρατία. | <urn:uuid:7bcd532c-ec56-4b5c-8839-dc145750293a> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ell_Grek/train | finepdfs | ell_Grek | 1,959 |
Contango ORE, Inc. Form SC 13D/A October 05, 2016
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549
AMENDMENT NO. 3
to
SCHEDULE 13D
(Rule 13d-101)
INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN STATEMENTS FILED PURSUANT TO 13d-1(a) AND AMENDMENTS THERETO FILED PURSUANT TO 13d-2(a)
Contango ORE, Inc.
(Name of Issuer)
Common Stock, par value $0.01 (Title of Class of Securities)
210777F100 (CUSIP Number)
John B. Juneau c/o Contango ORE, Inc. 3700 Buffalo Speedway, Suite 925 Houston, Texas 77098 (713) 877-1311 (Name, Address and Telephone Number of Person Authorized to Receive Notices and Communications)
August 26, 2016 (Date of Event Which Requires Filing of This Statement)
If the filing person has previously filed a statement on Schedule 13G to report the acquisition that is the subject of this Schedule 13D, and is filing this schedule because of Rule 13d-1(e), 13d-1(f) or 13d-1(g), check the following box. ☐
Note: Schedules filed in paper format shall include a signed original and five copies of the schedule, including all exhibits. See Rule 13d-7 for other parties to whom copies are to be sent.
The remainder of this cover page shall be filled out for a reporting person's initial filing on this form with respect to the subject class of securities, and for any subsequent amendment containing information which would alter
1
disclosures provided in a prior cover page.
The information required on the remainder of this cover page shall not be deemed to be "filed" for the purpose of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Act") or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section of the Act but shall be subject to all other provisions of the Act (however, see the Notes).
NAME OF REPORTING PERSON
TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON
IN
This Amendment No. 3 to Schedule 13D supplements and amends the Statement on Schedule 13D filed on December 13, 2013 and amended on November 21, 2014 as Amendment No. 1 to Schedule 13D and on October 1, 2015 as Amendment No. 2 to Schedule 13D. Capitalized terms used without definitions in this Amendment No. 3 shall have the respective meanings ascribed to them in the Schedule 13D.
Responses to each item of this Amendment No. 3 to Schedule 13D are incorporated by reference into the response to each other item, as applicable.
Item 1. Security and Issuer
Item 2. Identity and Background
Item 2 is supplemented and amended as follows:
This Amendment No. 3 to Schedule 13D is filed by John B. Juneau ("Mr. Juneau") for and on behalf of himself, Juneau Exploration, L.P., a Texas limited partnership ("JEX") and J5D Enterprises, L.P. (formerly known as J4D Enterprises, L.P.), a Texas limited partnership ("J5D", and together with Mr. Juneau and JEX, the "Reporting Person"). Mr. Juneau is the sole manager of the general partner of JEX and is the sole manager of the general partner of J5D. Mr. Juneau shares the economic benefit of the shares of the Issuer held by J5D with the other limited partners of J5D.
Item 3. Source and Amount of Funds or Other Consideration
Item 3 is supplemented and amended as follows:
On August 26, 2016, Mr. Juneau acquired 80,000 restricted shares of the Issuer's Common Stock through a grant by the Issuer pursuant to a Restricted Stock Award Agreement dated as of August 26, 2016. The restricted shares vest over three years, beginning one third vesting on the date of grant and one third vesting each year thereafter. All restricted shares vest upon a change of control as defined in the Issuer's 2010 Equity Compensation Plan.
Item 4. Purpose of Transaction
Item 4 is supplemented and amended as follows:
All of the shares of Common Stock reported herein were acquired for investment purposes. Subject to applicable securities laws and regulations, the Reporting Person may dispose or acquire securities of the Issuer, including Common Stock, depending upon the position of the market, the Issuer, and other factors.
Except as set forth herein, as of the date hereof, there are no plans or proposals that the Reporting Person have that relate to or would result in (a) the acquisition of securities of the Issuer or the disposition of securities of the Issuer; (b) an extraordinary corporate transaction, such as a merger, reorganization or liquidation, involving the Issuer or any of its subsidiaries; (c) a sale or transfer of a material amount of assets of the Issuer or any of its subsidiaries; (d) any change in the present board of directors or management of the Issuer; (e) any material change in the present capitalization or dividend policy of the Issuer; (f) any other material change in the Issuer's business or corporate structure; (g) changes in the Issuer's certificate of incorporation, by-laws, or other instruments corresponding thereto or other actions that may impede the acquisition of control of the Issuer by any person; (h) causing any change in the trading market of any class of securities of the Issuer; (i) a class of equity securities of the Issuer becoming eligible for termination of registration under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; or (j) any action similar to any of the matters enumerated above.
5
Mr. Juneau is the Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Issuer. Mr. Juneau reserves the right to take any action enumerated above in the best interests of the Issuer in his role as an officer and as a member of the board of directors of the Issuer.
Item 5. Interest in Securities of the Issuer
Item 5 is supplemented and amended as follows:
(a) On August 26, 2016, the Reporting Person acquired 80,000 shares of Common Stock of the Issuer through a grant of restricted shares of Common Stock by the Issuer.
The Reporting Person beneficially owns an aggregate of 481,466 shares of Common Stock of the Issuer, which includes (a) 323,132 shares of Common Stock held by the Reporting Person, including 91,667 shares of restricted stock that are vested or will be vested within the next 60 days and 68,333 shares of unvested restricted stock, (b) options to purchase 75,000 shares of Common Stock that are currently exercisable, and (c) warrants to purchase 83,334 shares of Common Stock that are currently exercisable. As a result, the Reporting Person may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of approximately 11.2% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Issuer.
The percentage of this Item 5 is based upon 4,300,070 shares of Common Stock that are outstanding as of September 30, 2016 (including 68,333 shares of unvested restricted Common Stock), plus (a) stock options for 75,000 shares of Common Stock and (b) warrants for the purchase of 83,334 shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Reporting Person.
(b) Although Mr. Juneau is not the sole owner of J5D, the Reporting Person has sole power to vote and direct the vote of 481,466 shares reported herein, including (a) 323,132 shares of Common Stock, (b) warrants to purchase 83,334 shares of Common Stock that are currently exercisable and (c) options to purchase 75,000 shares of Common Stock that are currently exercisable.
Although Mr. Juneau is not the sole owner of J5D, the Reporting Person has sole power to dispose or direct the disposition of 481,466 shares of Common Stock reported herein. The Reporting Person's power to dispose of 68,333 shares of unvested restricted stock is limited as it may not dispose of the shares until they vest.
(c) There have been no reportable transactions with respect to the Common Stock of the Issuer within the last 60 days by the Reporting Person, except as described in this Schedule 13D and the Form 4 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 1, 2016.
(d) No other person has the right to receive or the power to direct the receipt of dividends from, or the proceeds from the sale of, the shares of Common Stock held by the Reporting Person.
(e) No other person has the right to vote the shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Reporting Person except as described in Item 4.
Item 6. Contracts, Arrangements, Understandings or Relationships with Respect to Securities of the Issuer
Item 6 is supplemented and amended as follows:
On August 26, 2016, pursuant to a Restricted Stock Award Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2016, the Issuer granted Mr. Juneau, in his capacity as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Issuer 80,000 shares of restricted Common Stock which vest in equal installments beginning on the date of grant and two (2) annual installments thereafter to be made upon Mr. Juneau's completion of each twelve (12)-month period of continued status with the Issuer over the twenty-four (24)-month period measured from August 26, 2016.
A summary of the foregoing agreement as described in this Item 6 does not purport to be complete and is qualified in their entirety by reference to such agreement, which is attached hereto as Exhibit 1 and is incorporated herein by this reference.
Item 7. Material to Be Filed as Exhibits
Exhibit 1: Restricted Stock Award Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2016, between the Issuer and Mr. Juneau.
SIGNATURES
After reasonable inquiry and to the best of my knowledge and belief, I certify that the information set forth in this statement is true, complete and correct.
Date: October 5, 2016 JOHN B. JUNEAU
/s/ John B. Juneau
Exhibit 1
CONTANGO ORE, INC.
RESTRICTED STOCK AWARD AGREEMENT
WHEREAS, this Restricted Stock Award Agreement (this "Agreement") is made as of August 26, 2016 by and between Contango ORE, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and John B. Juneau (the "Participant"). Unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms used in this Agreement shall have the same meaning ascribed to them in the 2010 Equity Compensation Plan (the "Plan").
WHEREAS, the Participant serves as an executive officer of the Company and the Participant's continued service in such capacity is considered by the Company to be important for the Company's continued growth and financial success; and
WHEREAS, the Board has determined it appropriate to award the Participant shares of the Company's common stock under the Plan, in furtherance of the purposes of the Plan by providing the Participant with a meaningful incentive to remain as an executive officer and by securing other benefits for the Company; and
WHEREAS, the Company desires to confirm such stock award and to set forth the terms and conditions of such award, and the Participant desires to accept such award and agree to the terms and conditions thereof, as set forth in this Agreement.
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained herein, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. Stock Award. The Company hereby awards and issues to the Participant Eighty Thousand (80,000) of the Company's common stock (the "Issued Shares") under and pursuant to the Plan, effective as of August 26, 2016 (the "Grant Date") with a close of day price of August 25, 2016 of $21.50. The following vesting provisions shall be in effect for the Issued Shares:
(i) The Issued Shares are unvested and subject to forfeiture pursuant to the terms of this Agreement (the "Restricted Stock") and are hereby awarded to the Participant in consideration of the continued service the Participant is to render the Company over the vesting period set forth in Section 3 of this Agreement. The Restricted Stock is subject to all of the applicable terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and the Plan, including the transfer restrictions set forth in Section 4 and the escrow requirements of Section 5.
2. Participant's Rights. Subject to the terms hereof, the Participant shall have all stockholder rights with respect to all of the Issued Shares subject to this Agreement, whether or not those shares are at the time held in escrow hereunder, including (without limitation) the right to vote those shares and to receive any cash dividends declared thereon.
3. Vesting Schedule. The Participant shall vest in the Restricted Stock in a series of three (3) successive equal installments, with the first installment to be made August 26, 2016 and two (2) annual installments to be made upon the Participant's completion of each twelve (12)-month period as an executive officer with the Company over the twenty-four (24)-month period measured from August 26, 2016; provided, however, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, as defined in the Plan, all Restricted Stock shall immediately vest.
4. Restriction on Transfer of Restricted Stock. Except for the escrow described in Section 5 or the transfer of the shares of Restricted Stock to the Company or its assignees in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, none of the shares of Restricted Stock subject to this Agreement or any beneficial interest therein shall be transferred, encumbered or otherwise disposed of in any way until such shares vest and are thereby released from all forfeiture provisions in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.
5. Restricted Stock Escrow. As security for the faithful performance of the terms of this Agreement with respect to the Restricted Stock and to insure the availability of such Restricted Stock for delivery to the Company upon forfeiture pursuant to the vesting provisions set forth in Section 3, the Participant agrees to deliver to and deposit with the secretary of the Company, or such other person designated by the Company (the "Escrow Agent"), as Escrow Agent in this transaction, a stock assignment duly endorsed (with date and number of shares blank) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, together with the certificate or certificates evidencing the shares of Restricted Stock; said documents are to be held by the Escrow Agent and delivered by said Escrow Agent pursuant to the Joint Escrow Instructions of the Company and the Participant set forth in Exhibit B attached hereto, which instructions shall also be delivered to the Escrow Agent. Subject to the provisions of this Agreement and the Joint Escrow Instructions, the Participant shall have all rights and privileges of a shareholder of the Company with respect to the Restricted Stock deposited in said escrow.
6. Investor Representations. Participant represents that he/she is acquiring the Issued Shares for his/her own account for investment and has no present intent to resell or distribute all or any portion of the Issued Shares. Participant agrees that the Issued Shares will be sold or otherwise disposed of only in accordance with applicable federal and state statutes, rules and regulations.
7. Legends.
A. The share certificate evidencing the Restricted Stock issued hereunder shall be endorsed with the following legend (in addition to any legend required under applicable state securities laws):
THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE SUBJECT TO CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS UPON TRANSFER AND FORFEITURE PROVISIONS AS SET FORTH IN THAT CERTAIN RESTRICTED STOCK AWARD AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE PARTICIPANT, AS THE SAME MAY BE AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME, A COPY OF WHICH IS ON FILE WITH THE SECRETARY OF THE COMPANY, AND, WITHOUT LIMITING THE GENERALITY OF THE FOREGOING, NO SALE, ASSIGNMENT, TRANSFER OR OTHER DISPOSITION OF THESE SHARES SHALL BE VALID OR EFFECTIVE UNLESS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH ALL OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SUCH AGREEMENT.
8. Adjustment. All references to the number of Issued Shares in this Agreement shall be appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization or other similar change in the outstanding shares of the Company's outstanding common stock effected with the Company's receipt of the consideration that may occur after the date of this Agreement as set forth in the Plan. Any new, substituted or additional securities or other property (including cash paid on the shares of Restricted Stock other than as a regular cash dividend) which is distributed with respect to the Issued Shares pursuant to the Plan shall be immediately subject to the applicable transfer restrictions under Section 4 or Section 6 and the applicable escrow requirements under Section 5 or Section 6, but only to the extent the Issued Shares are at the time covered by such restrictions or escrow requirements.
9. Tax Consequences. The Participant understands that under Section 83 of the Code, the fair market value of the shares of Restricted Stock on the date the forfeiture restrictions applicable to those shares lapse will be reportable as ordinary income at that time. The Participant understands that the Participant may elect to be taxed at the time the shares of Restricted Stock are issued and thereby recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of those shares at the time of issuance, rather than when those shares of Restricted Stock subsequently vest and cease to be subject to forfeiture restrictions. Should the Participant decide to make such election, the Participant must file the requisite election form under Section 83(b) of the Code with the Internal Revenue Service within thirty (30) days after the issuance date of the Restricted Stock. The form for making this election is attached hereto as Exhibit D. Participant understands that failure to make this filing within the thirty (30) day period will result in the recognition of ordinary income by the Participant as the forfeiture restrictions lapse.
In the event that the Participant files, under Section 83(b) of the Code, an election to be taxed upon the issuance of the Restricted Stock and recognize ordinary income on the issuance date of the Restricted Stock, the Participant shall at the time of such filing notify the Company of the making of such election and furnish a copy of the notice to the Company.
THE PARTICIPANT ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT IS PARTICIPANT'S SOLE RESPONSIBILITY, AND NOT THE COMPANY'S, TO FILE A TIMELY ELECTION UNDER SECTION 83(b), EVEN IF PARTICIPANT REQUESTS THE COMPANY OR ITS REPRESENTATIVES TO MAKE THIS FILING ON PARTICIPANT'S BEHALF. PARTICIPANT IS RELYING SOLELY ON PARTICIPANT'S ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE DECISION AS TO WHETHER OR NOT TO FILE AN 83(b) ELECTION.
The Participant shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Company, or, in the absence of such arrangements, the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary may deduct from any payment to be made to Participant any amount necessary, to satisfy requirements of federal, state, local, or foreign tax law to withhold taxes or other amounts with respect to the issuance of the Restricted Stock or the expiration of the forfeiture provisions applicable to the Restricted Stock.
The Vested at Issuance Shares shall result in the Participant's immediate recognition of ordinary income, at the time of such issuance, in an amount equal to the fair market value of the those shares on the issuance date. The Participant shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Company to satisfy all applicable requirements of federal, state, local, or foreign tax law to withhold taxes or other amounts with respect to the Vested at Issuance Shares.
10. No Impairment of Rights. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to interfere with or otherwise restrict the rights of the Company or the Company's stockholders to remove the Participant from the Board at any time in accordance with the provisions of applicable law.
11. Indemnification. The Participant agrees to hold harmless and indemnify the Company for any and all liabilities resulting to it through violation by the Participant of the warranties and representations made by the Participant in, and other provisions of, this Agreement.
12. Termination. This Agreement, and the respective rights and obligations of the Participants hereto, shall terminate upon the earliest to occur of the following: (i) the expiration of ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; or (ii) the agreement among the parties hereto to terminate the Agreement.
13. General Provisions.
(a) This Agreement shall be governed by the internal substantive laws, but not the choice of law rules, of Delaware.
(b) Any notice required or permitted hereunder shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given upon personal delivery or upon deposit in the United States Post Office, by registered or certified mail with postage and fees prepaid, addressed to the Participant at his address shown on the Company's records and to the Company at the address of its principal corporate offices (attention: President) or at such other address as such party may designate by ten (10) days' advance written notice to the other party hereto.
Any notice to the Escrow Agent shall be sent to the Company's address with a copy to the other party hereto.
(c) The rights of the Company under this Agreement shall be transferable to any one or more persons or entities, and all covenants and agreements hereunder shall inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by the Company's successors and assigns. The rights and obligations of the Participant under this Agreement may not be assigned; however, such rights and obligations shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon, the heirs, executors, administrators of the Participant's estate.
(d) Either party's failure to enforce any provision of this Agreement shall not in any way be construed as a waiver of any such provision, nor prevent that party from thereafter enforcing any other provision of this Agreement. The rights granted both parties hereunder are cumulative and shall not constitute a waiver of either party's right to assert any other legal remedy available to it.
(e) The Participant agrees upon request to execute any further documents or instruments necessary or desirable to carry out the purposes or intent of this Agreement.
(f) The Issued Shares have been awarded to the Participant under the Plan, a copy of which, together with official prospectus for such Plan, has been previously provided to the Participant. All of the terms, conditions, and other provisions of the Plan are hereby incorporated by reference into this Agreement. If there is any conflict between the provisions of this Agreement and the provisions of the Plan, the provisions of the Plan shall govern. The Participant hereby acknowledges such prior receipt of a copy of the Plan and the prospectus for the Plan and agrees to be bound by all the terms and provisions of this Agreement and the Plan (as presently in effect or hereafter amended), rules and regulations adopted from time to time thereunder, and by all decisions and determinations of the Board and the Committee made from time to time thereunder.
Captions in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not be considered in the construction hereof. Words used herein, regardless of the number and gender specifically used, shall be deemed and construed to include any other number, singular or plural, and any other gender, masculine, feminine or neuter, as the context requires. Any requirement of time made hereinabove shall be of the essence of this Agreement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has executed this Agreement, in the case of the Company by its duly authorized officer, as of the day and year first written above.
PARTICIPANT
/s/ Brad Juneau 80,000
Signature
Number of Shares
Brad Juneau
Print Name
CONTANGO ORE, INC.
By: /s/ Leah Gaines
Name: Leah Gaines
Title: Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Exhibit A
ASSIGNMENT SEPARATE FROM CERTIFICATE
FOR VALUE RECEIVED [___________________] hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto Contango ORE, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), _____________ (_______________) shares of Common Stock of the Company standing in my name on the books of said Company represented by Certificate No. [____] herewith and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint [________________] Attorney to transfer the said stock on the books of the within named Company with full power of substitution in the premises.
Dated:
Signature
Print Name
Exhibit B
JOINT ESCROW INSTRUCTIONS
___________________________
[Address]
Dear __________________:
As Escrow Agent for both Contango ORE, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the undersigned owner of stock of the Company (the “Participant”), you are hereby authorized and directed to hold the Restricted Stock identified on Appendix 1 hereto, delivered to you pursuant to the terms of that certain Restricted Stock Award Agreement (the “Agreement”), dated as of ____________, 200__ to which a copy of these Joint Escrow Instructions is attached as Exhibit B, in accordance with the following instructions:
1. In the event the Participant forfeits any of the Restricted Stock pursuant to Section 3 of the Agreement, the Company or any assignee of the Company (referred to collectively for convenience herein as the “Company”) shall give to the Participant and you a written notice specifying the number of shares of Restricted Stock that revert to the Company. The Participant and the Company hereby irrevocably authorize and direct you to close the transaction contemplated by such notice in accordance with the terms of said notice.
2. At the closing, you are directed (a) to complete and date the stock assignments necessary for the transfer in question, and (b) to deliver such stock assignment, together with the certificate evidencing the shares of stock to be transferred, to the Company. Should any additional shares, securities or other property become distributable with respect to the escrowed Restricted Stock by reason of one or more transactions set forth in Section 9 of the Agreement, such shares, securities or other property shall be immediately delivered to you as Escrow Agent to be held in escrow pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and the stock certificates for such shares and securities shall be accompanied by stock assignments duly executed by the Participant. .
3. The Participant irrevocably authorizes the Company to deposit with you any certificates evidencing shares of stock to be held by you hereunder and any additions and substitutions to said shares as defined in the Agreement. The Participant does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint you as his attorney-in-fact and agent for the term of this escrow to execute with respect to such securities all documents necessary or appropriate to make such securities negotiable and to complete any transaction herein contemplated. Subject to the provisions of this Section 3, the Participant shall have and be entitled to exercise all rights and privileges of a stockholder of the Company while the stock is held by you.
4. Upon written request of the Participant, you will deliver to the Participant a certificate or certificates representing so many shares of Restricted Stock (together with any other shares, securities or other property attributable thereto) as are not then subject to the forfeiture restrictions set forth in Section 4 of the Agreement. In the absence of such request, the certificates for the shares of Restricted Stock (together with any other shares, securities or other property attributable thereto) which vest from time to time under the Agreement shall be delivered to the Participant on the six (6)-month anniversary of the date on which those particular shares vest under the Agreement.
5. If at the time of termination of this escrow you should have in your possession any documents, securities, or other property belonging to the Participant, you shall deliver all of the same to the Participant and shall be discharged of all further obligations hereunder.
6. Your duties hereunder may be altered, amended, modified or revoked only by a writing signed by all of the parties hereto.
7. You shall be obligated only for the performance of such duties as are specifically set forth herein and may rely and shall be protected in relying or refraining from acting on any instrument reasonably believed by you to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties. You shall not be personally liable for any act you may do or omit to do hereunder as Escrow Agent or as attorney-in-fact for the Participant while acting in good faith and in the exercise of your own good judgment, and any act done or omitted by you pursuant to the advice of an attorney shall be conclusive evidence of such good faith.
8. You are hereby expressly authorized to disregard any and all warnings given by any of the parties hereto or by any other person or corporation, excepting only orders or process of courts of law, and are hereby expressly authorized to comply with and obey orders, judgments or decrees of any court. In case you obey or comply with any such order, judgment or decree, you shall not be liable to any of the parties hereto or to any other person, firm or corporation by reason of such compliance, notwithstanding any such order, judgment or decree being subsequently reversed, modified, annulled, set aside, vacated or found to have been entered without jurisdiction.
9. You shall not be liable in any respect on account of the identity, authorities or rights of the parties executing or delivering or purporting to execute or deliver the Agreement or any documents or papers deposited or called for hereunder.
10. You shall not be liable for the outlawing of any rights under the Statute of Limitations with respect to these Joint Escrow Instructions or any documents deposited with you.
11. You shall be entitled to employ such legal counsel and other experts as you may deem necessary properly to advise you in connection with your obligations hereunder, may rely upon the advice of such counsel, and may pay such counsel reasonable compensation therefor.
12. Your responsibilities as Escrow Agent hereunder shall terminate if you shall cease to be secretary of the Company or if you shall resign by written notice to each party. In the event of any such termination, the Company shall appoint a successor Escrow Agent.
13. If you reasonably require other or further instruments in connection with these Joint Escrow Instructions or obligations in respect hereto, the necessary parties hereto shall join in furnishing such instruments.
14. It is understood and agreed that should any dispute arise with respect to the delivery and/or ownership or right of possession of the securities held by you hereunder, you are authorized and directed to retain in your possession without liability to anyone all or any part of said securities until such disputes shall have been settled either by mutual written agreement of the parties concerned or by a final order, decree or judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction after the time for appeal has expired and no appeal has been perfected, but you shall be under no duty whatsoever to institute or defend any such proceedings.
15. Any notice required or permitted hereunder shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given upon personal delivery or upon deposit in the United States Post Office, by registered or certified mail with postage and fees prepaid, addressed to each of the other parties thereunto entitled at the following addresses, or at such other addresses as a party may designate by ten days' advance written notice to each of the other parties hereto.
Very truly yours,
CONTANGO ORE, INC.
By:
Name:
Title:
PARTICIPANT
Signature
Print Name
The Escrow Agent, by affixing its signature below, hereby acknowledges receipt of the Restricted Stock described in Appendix 1 hereto and agrees to hold, administer and dispose of the Restricted Stock in accordance with the terms, conditions and instructions of this Agreement and any amendments thereto.
ESCROW AGENT
Signature
Print Name
Appendix 1
JOINT ESCROW INSTRUCTIONS
Restricted Stock
The Restricted Stock deposited in Escrow pursuant to this Escrow Agreement consists of the following:
_______________(___________) shares of Common Stock of Contango ORE, Inc., represented by Certificate No. [_____], dated _____________, 200__.
EXHIBIT C
CONSENT OF SPOUSE
I, ____________________, being the spouse of ___________________ have read and understand and hereby approve that certain Restricted Stock Award Agreement dated as of ______________, 20__ by and between the Company and my spouse, and any amendments thereto, subjecting my spouse’s shares to certain (i) restrictions upon transfer and (ii) forfeiture provisions upon cessation of service as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors prior to vesting in those shares. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, I specifically waive any and all rights concerning the Restricted Stock Award and the shares of the Company that I have or may have (including, but not limited to, equitable distribution rights) under the laws of any jurisdiction, including, but not limited to, the right to claim or accept any portion of the shares of the Company.
Dated: ____________________ , 20__
Signature
of
Spouse
Print Name
EXHIBIT D
FORM OF ELECTION UNDER SECTION 83(B) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE TAX CODE
The undersigned hereby elects to include value of restricted property in gross income in the year of transfer pursuant to Section 83(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, with respect to the property described below and supplies the following information in accordance with the regulations promulgated thereunder:
1. The name, address and taxpayer identification number of the undersigned are:
Name: _______________________________
Street: _________________________________
City, State, Zip: _______________________________
Taxpayer I.D. No.: _____________________________
2. Description of property with respect to which the election is being made:
3. The date on which property was transferred ‑ _.
4. The nature of the restriction(s) to which the property is subject is:
5. Fair market value:
6. Amount paid for property:
7. Furnishing statement to employer:
Dated:
Signature
Print Name | <urn:uuid:769501f5-5f53-4fc9-8522-b7a8c09819df> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 34,460 |
BROOKSTONE ESTATES ROBINSON
NOTICE OF PRIVACY PRACTICES FOR PROTECTED HEALTH INFORMATION
THIS NOTICE DESCRIBES HOW MEDICAL INFORMATION ABOUT YOU MAY BE USED AND DISCLOSED AND HOW YOU CAN GET ACCESS TO THIS INFORMATION. PLEASE REVIEW IT CAREFULLY
A. INTRODUCTION
During the course of providing services and care to you, WC- Robinson Ops, LLC, in connection with Brookstone Estates Robinson, (the "Community") gathers, creates, and retains certain personal information about you that identifies who you are and relates to your past, present, or future physical or mental condition, the provision of health care to you, and payment for your health care services. This personal information is characterized as your "protected health information." Protected health information consists of any information relating to your physical or mental health, to any health care provided to you, or to payment for such care and that either identifies you or provides information that can be used to identify you. This Notice of Privacy Practices describes how the Community maintains the confidentiality of your protected health information, and informs you about the possible uses and disclosures of such information. It also informs you about your rights with respect to your protected health information.
B. THE COMMUNITY'S RESPONSIBILITIES
The Community is required by federal and state law to maintain the privacy of your protected health information. The Community is also required by law to provide you with this Notice of Privacy Practices that describes the Community's legal duties and privacy practices with respect to your protected health information. The Community will abide by the terms of this Notice. The Community reserves the right to change this or any future Notice and to make the new notice provisions effective for all protected health information that it maintains, including protected health information already in its possession. If the change reflects a material change in its privacy policies and procedures, the Community will provide the new Notice to you or your legal representative. In all other situations, it will provide you with the new Notice upon request. In addition, the new Notice will be posted in a clear and prominent place in the facility and on the Community website.
C. USE AND DISCLOSURE WITH YOUR AUTHORIZATION
The Community will require a written authorization from you before it uses or discloses your protected health information, unless a particular use or disclosure is expressly permitted or required by law without your authorization. An authorization is generally required for the following uses or disclosures, except in very limited circumstances: (1) uses or disclosures of psychotherapy notes; (2) uses or disclosures of protected health information for marketing purposes; and (3) disclosures of protected health information that constitute its sale.
The Community has prepared an authorization form for you to use that authorizes the Community to use or disclose your protected health information for the purposes set forth in the form. You are not required to sign the form as a condition to obtaining treatment or having your
care paid for. If you sign an authorization, you may revoke it at any time by written notice. The Community then will not use or disclose your protected health information, except where it has already relied on your authorization.
D. HOW THE COMMUNITY MAY USE AND DISCLOSE YOUR PROTECTED HEALTH INFORMATION WITHOUT YOUR AUTHORIZATION
The Community may use or disclose your protected health without your written authorization in the following circumstances:
1. Your Care and Treatment
The Community may use or disclose your protected health information to provide you with or assist in your treatment, care and services. For example, the Community may disclose your health information to health care providers who are involved in your care to assist them in your diagnosis and treatment, as necessary.
2. Billing and Payment
a. Medicare, Medicaid, and Other Public or Private Health Insurers – The Community may use or disclose your protected health information to public or private health insurers (including medical insurance carriers, HMOs, Medicare, and Medicaid) in order to bill and receive payment for your treatment and services that you receive. For example, the information on or accompanying a bill may include information that identifies you, as well as your diagnosis, procedures, and supplies used.
b. Health Care Providers – The Community may also disclose your protected health information to health care providers in order to allow them to determine if they are owed any reimbursement for care that they have furnished to you and, if so, how much is owed.
3. Health Care and Community Operations
The Community may use or disclose your protected health information for its health care and community operations. These uses and disclosures are necessary to manage the Community and to monitor our quality of services and care. For example, we may use your protected health information to review our services and to evaluate the performance of our staff in caring for you. In addition, we may disclose your protected health information to assist other provider s and payors in conducting quality improvement activities, reviewing the qualifications of health care professionals, or detecting health care fraud or abuse
4. Provision of Basic Information about Residents
The Community allows staff to provide certain basic information about a resident to persons who ask for the resident by name and to members of the clergy. Unless you notify the Community that you object, it will disclose your name, your location in the community, and your general condition to anyone who asks for you by name. It will disclose your name, your location in the community, your general condition, and your religious affiliation to members of the clergy.
5. Individuals Involved in Your Care or Payment for Your Care
Unless you specifically object, the Community may disclose to a family member, other relative, a close personal friend, or to any other person identified by you, all protected health
information directly relevant to such person's involvement with your care or directly relevant to payment related to your care. The Community may also disclose your protected health information to a family member, personal representative, or other person responsible for your care to assist in notifying them of your location, general condition, or death.
6. Disclosures within Provider Community
Unless you specifically object, the Community may disclose certain general information about you (e.g., past activities, present interests, birthday, and location if hospitalized) to members of its community, including other residents and staff, by means such as newsletter or bulletin board.
7. Reporting
The Community will disclose protected health information about a resident who is suspected to be the victim of neglect, domestic violence or elder abuse to the extent necessary to complete any oral or written report mandated by law. Under certain circumstances, the Community may disclose further protected health information about the resident to aid the investigating agency in performing its duties. The Community will promptly inform the resident about any disclosure unless the Community believes that informing the resident would place the resident in danger of serious harm, or would be informing the resident's personal representative, whom the Provider believes to be responsible for the abuse, and believes that informing such person would not be in the resident's best interest.
8. Legal Process
The Community will disclose protected health information in accordance with an order of a court or of an administrative tribunal of a government agency. In addition, the Community will disclose protected health information in accordance with a valid subpoena issued by a party to adjudication before a court, an administrative tribunal, or a private arbitrator. Reasonable efforts will be made to notify you of the subpoena, or attempts will be made to obtain an order or agreement protecting your protected health information.
9. Law Enforcement Agencies and Officials
The Community will disclose protected health information to law enforcement agencies in accordance with a search warrant, a court order or court-ordered subpoena, or an investigative subpoena or summons. In addition, it may disclose such information as necessary to assist law enforcement officials investigating crimes involving residents.
10. National Security and Intelligence Activities
The Community will disclose protected health information about a resident to authorized federal officials conducting national security and intelligence activities or as needed to protect federal and foreign officials.
11. Licensing, Certification, Accreditation, and Health Oversight Activities
The Community may disclose your protected health information to any government or private agency, such as to the state licensing agency responsible for licensure or accreditation, so that the agency can carry out its oversight activities. These oversight activities include audits;
civil, administrative, or criminal investigations; inspections; licensure or disciplinary actions; civil, administrative, or criminal proceedings or actions; or other activities necessary for appropriate oversight.
12. Public Health Activities
The Community may disclose your protected health information to any public health authority that is authorized by law to collect it for purposes of preventing or controlling disease, injury, or disability.
13. Business Associates
The Community may contract with certain individuals or entities, called "business associates," to provide services on its behalf. Examples include data processing, quality assurance, legal, or accounting services. The Community may disclose your protected health information to a business associate, as necessary, to allow the business associate to perform its functions. The Community will have a contract with each business associate that obligate the business associate to maintain the confidentiality of your protected health information.
14. Marketing
The Community may use protected health information or disclose it to business associates in certain limited circumstances in order to encourage you to use a service or product. This includes, for example, making face-to-face communications with you about the service or product, providing you with a promotional gift of nominal value, or communicating about drug refills. Otherwise, it will obtain a specific written authorization from you before using or disclosing protected health information for marketing purposes.
15. Fundraising
The Community may use certain protected health information to contact you in an effort to raise money for the Community and its operations. The Community may disclose the protected health information to business associates or to related foundations that it uses to raise funds for its own benefit. The information to be used or disclosed for these purposes will be limited to certain demographic information, the dates of treatment, the department where services were provided, the treating physician, outcome information, and health insurance status. Each fundraising communication will provide a means by which you can opt out of receiving further such communications.
16. Sale of Protected Health Information
The Community may disclose your protected health information for remuneration in certain very narrow circumstances such as where a governmental agency reimburses it for its expenses in providing information for public health purposes. Otherwise, it will obtain a specific written authorization from you or your personal representative before receiving reimbursement for using or disclosing your protected health information.
17. Coroner or Medical Examiner; Funeral Director
The Community may disclose protected health information to a coroner or medical examiner for the purpose of identifying a deceased person, determining the cause of death, or
performing other duties. The Community may disclose protected health information to a funeral director as necessary to allow the funeral director to carry out duties with respect to a decease person.
18. Organ Procurement
If you are an organ donor, the Community may disclose your protected health information following your death to an organ procurement agency or tissue bank in order to aid in using your organs or tissues in transplant.
19. Workers' Compensation
The Community may disclose your protected health information in order to comply with state workers' compensation laws.
20. Preventing Danger to Identified Persons
The Community may disclose your protected health information to prevent an immediate, serious threat to the safety of an identified person.
21. Disaster Relief
The Community may disclose your protected health information to a public or private entity authorized to assist in disaster relief efforts.
22. Research
The Community may disclose your protected health information for research purposes, provided that an outside Institutional Review Board overseeing the research approves the disclosure of the information, without a written authorization.
23. Disclosures Otherwise Required by Law
The Community will disclose protected health information about a resident when otherwise required by law.
E. YOUR RIGHTS REGARDING PROTECTED HEALTH INFORMATION
You have the following rights with respect to your protected health information. To exercise these rights, contact the Senior Lifestyle Corporation by telephone at (312) 673-4308, or at the following address: Senior Lifestyle Corporation, 303 East Wacker Drive, Suite 2400, Chicago, IL 60601, Attention: Corporate Compliance Manager.
1. Right to Receive a Copy of the Notice of Privacy Practices
You have the right to request and receive a copy of the Community's Notice of Privacy Practices for Protected Health Information in written or electronic form.
2. Right to Request Special Privacy Protections
You have the right to request restrictions on the use and disclosure of your protected health information for treatment, payment or health care operations, or providing notifications regarding your identity and status to persons inquiring about or involved in your care.
The Community is not required to grant your request except where you ask it not disclose information to your health plan regarding care paid for by you or someone else out of pocket. Whenever the Provider agrees to comply with your request, it will do so, unless there is an emergency or until the Provider or you terminate the restriction. You also have the right to request that the Community communicate protected health information to you or another recipient by alternative means or at alternative locations.
3. Right to Request Access
You have the right to inspect and copy your health records maintained by the Community. This includes the right to have electronic records made available in electronic format to you or to someone whom you designate. In certain limited circumstances, the Community may deny your request as permitted by law. However, you may be given an opportunity to have such denial reviewed by an independent licensed health care professional.
4. Right to Request Amendment
You have the right to request an amendment to your health records maintained by the Community. If your request for an amendment is denied, you will receive a written denial, including the reasons for such denial, and an opportunity to submit a written statement disagreeing with the denial.
5. Right to an Accounting
You have the right to receive an accounting of disclosures of your protected health information created and maintained by the Community over the six (6) years prior to the date of your request or for a lesser period. The Community is not required to provide an accounting of certain routine disclosures or of disclosures of which you are already aware. You also have the right to receive an accounting of electronic disclosures made up to three (3) years from the date of your request where such disclosures were made for purposes of treatment, payment, or health care operations.
F. NOTIFICATION OF SECURITY BREACHES
The Community will provide you with written notification in the event of a security breach involving your protected health information. The notification will describe what happened, the types of information involved, the steps that the Community is taking to deal with the situation, what you should do to protect yourself against any harmful consequences, and contacts for obtaining further information.
G. COMPLAINTS
If you believe that your privacy rights have been violated, you may file a complaint with the Community by telephone at (312) 673-4308, or at the following address: Senior Lifestyle Corporation, 303 East Wacker Drive, Suite 2400, Chicago, IL 60601, Attention: Corporate Compliance. You also have the right to submit a complaint to the Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, at the following address: Celeste Davis, Regional Manager, Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 233 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 240, Chicago, IL 60601. The Community will not retaliate against you if you file a complaint.
H. FURTHER INFORMATION
If you have questions about this Notice of Privacy Practices or would like further information about your privacy rights, contact Senior Lifestyle Corporation by telephone at (312) 673-4308, or at the following address: Senior Lifestyle Corporation, 303 East Wacker Drive, Suite 2400, Chicago, IL 60601, Attention: Corporate Compliance.
The effective date of this Notice of Privacy Practices is June 1, 2015.
ACKNOWLEDGE OF RECEIPT
I hereby acknowledge receipt from Brookstone Estates Robinson of a copy of its Notice of Privacy Practices for Protected Health Information dated June 1, 2015.
RESIDENT:
PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE:
(if signed on resident's behalf)
OR
Signature of Resident
Signature of Personal Representative
Print Name of Resident
Print Name and Relationship to Resident
Address
Address
City State ZIP
City State ZIP
Telephone
Telephone
Date
Date | <urn:uuid:3f574aa3-977d-4469-9ad6-373717d996e3> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 18,520 |
SUNDAY WORSHIP
9:30 & 11:00 AM
St. Gabriel's School 2500 Wimberly Lane Austin, TX 78735
ALL SAINTS is a community of GOD'S PEOPLE called to live as the BODY OF CHRIST in AUSTIN for the WORLD through WORSHIP, SPIRITUAL FORMATION and SERVICE.
Before the service, there is a time for silent prayer and meditation as we prepare to gather together for worship. Before the first hymn, you are invited to use this prayer as a part of your individual preparation.
"Holy God, faithful and unchanging:
enlarge our minds with the knowledge of your truth, and draw us more deeply into the mystery of your love, that we may truly worship you,
Father, Son and Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever. Amen."
- Book of Common Prayer
1
1
FIRST HYMN OF PRAISE
(Words: Reginald Heber; Music: John Dykes; CCLI license #2476739)
CALL TO WORSHIP
Minister: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, one God.
People:
Come let us adore Him!
Minister: Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God Almighty,
who was, and is, and is to come!
People:
Holy, holy, holy is theLordof hosts;
the whole earth is full of His glory!
Minister:
O Lord, our Lord, how majestic is your name in all the earth! You have set your glory above the heavens.
People:
When I look at the heavens, what is man that you are mindful of him, and the son of man that you care for him?
Minister:
Worthy are you, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power, for you created all things, and by your will they existed and were created. Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit; as it was in the beginning, is now, and will be forever. Amen.
People:
(from Psalm 8)
3
3
(Words: Isaac Watts, chorus: David Lutes; Music: Keith Getty & Stuart Townend, CCLI license #2476739)
CONFESSION OF SIN
Minister: "Here is a trustworthy saying that deserves full acceptance:
Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners."
-1 Timothy 1:15
People:
Almighty and most merciful Father,
we have erred and strayed from Your ways like lost sheep,
we have followed too much the devices and desires of our own hearts,
we have offended against Your holy laws,
we have left undone those things which we ought to have done, and we have done those things which we ought not to have done.
O Lord, have mercy upon us,
spare those who confess their faults, restore those who are penitent,
according to Your promises declared to mankind in Christ Jesus our Lord;
and grant, O most merciful Father, for His sake,
that we may, from this time onward, live a godly, righteous, and sober life, to the glory of Your holy name. Amen.
(Pause for a time of silent confession)
ASSURANCE OF PARDON
Minister:
The Almighty and merciful Lord grant you absolution and remission of all your sins, true repentance, amendment of life, and the grace and consolation of His Holy Spirit.
People:
Amen.
5
5
M A Y 2 2 , 2 0 1 6
SMALL SAINTS
At this time, children in PreK - 3rd Grade may go to room 137 for a lesson and activity. They will return during the hymn following the sermon.
HYMN OF RESPONSE
WHAT WONDROUS LOVE IS THIS
(Words: Isaac Watts; Music: American folk tune; arr. David Lutes, 2007; CCLI License #2476739)
OLD TESTAMENT READING
Genesis 29:18, 20, 22-25, 30b-35
18 Jacob loved Rachel. And he said, "I will serve you seven years for your younger daughter Rachel." ... 20 So Jacob served seven years for Rachel, and they seemed to him but a few days because of the love he had for her. ...
22 So Laban gathered together all the people of the place and made a feast. 23 But in the evening he took his daughter Leah and brought her to Jacob, and he went in to her. 24 (Laban gave his female servant Zilpah to his daughter Leah to be her servant.) 25 And in the morning, behold, it was Leah! And Jacob said to Laban, "What is this you have done to me?" ... And he loved Rachel more than Leah, and served Laban for another seven years.
31 When the Lord saw that Leah was hated, he opened her womb, but Rachel was barren. 32 And Leah conceived and bore a son, and she called his name Reuben, for she said, "Because the Lord has looked upon my affliction; for now my husband will love me." 33 She conceived again and bore a son, and said, "Because the Lord has heard that I am hated, he has given me this son also." And she called his name Simeon. 34 Again she conceived and bore a son, and said, "Now this time my husband will be attached to me, because I have borne him three sons." Therefore his name was called Levi. 35 And she conceived again and bore a son, and said, "This time I will praise the Lord." Therefore she called his name Judah. Then she ceased bearing.
NEW TESTAMENT READING
Romans 5:1-5
Therefore, since we have been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ. 2 Through him we have also obtained access by faith into this grace in which we stand, and we rejoice in hope of the glory of God. 3 Not only that, but we rejoice in our sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance, 4 and endurance produces character, and character produces hope, 5 and hope does not put us to shame, because God's love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit who has been given to us.
Reader: The Word of the LORD.
People:
Thanks be to God!
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7
M A Y 2 2 , 2 0 1 6
GOSPEL READING
John 16:12-15
"I still have many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now. 13 When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth, for he will not speak on his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will declare to you the things that are to come. 14 He will glorify me, for he will take what is mine and declare it to you. 15 All that the Father has is mine; therefore I said that he will take what is mine and declare it to you.
Reader: The Gospel of the Lord.
People:
Praise be to you, Lord Christ.
HOMILY
"Being In" Rev. Joshua Keller
RETURN OF CHILDREN
During the Hymn of Response, Small Saints teachers will bring the children back to the sanctuary. Feel free to pick up younger children at this time as well. They will receive a blessing while you receive Communion. You may also wait to retrieve them, as childcare is provided for the duration of the service.
HYMN OF RESPONSE
9
9
PASSING OF THE PEACE
Minister: The peace of Christ be with you.
People:
And also with you.
Greet one another with a sign of peace, such as: "The peace of Christ be with you" & "And also with you."
SIGN IN
If you are on the end of a row, please take the black notepad and sign in so we have a record of your attendance.
HIGH SCHOOL SENIOR RECOGNITION (11:00 AM SERVICE)
At this time, graduating high school seniors are invited to come forward. Seniors will receive a graduation gift and be prayed over.
PRAYERS OF THE PEOPLE
Leader:
Almighty and everlasting God, you have given to us your servants grace, by the confession of a true faith, to acknowledge the glory of the eternal Trinity, and in the power of your divine Majesty to worship the Unity:
People:
Keep us steadfast in this faith and worship, and bring us at last to see you in your one and eternal glory, O Father; who with the Son and the Holy Spirit live and reign, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.
Here the leader will intercede for the congregation, community, and world with the refrain:
Leader: Lord, Have mercy.
People:
Lord, Hear our prayer.
HOLY EUCHARIST
Celebrant: Christian, what do you believe?
People:
I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth.
And in Jesus Christ His only Son our Lord;
Who was conceived by the Holy Ghost,
Born of the Virgin Mary,
Suffered under Pontius Pilate,
Was crucified, dead, and buried;
He descended into hell;
The third day He rose again from the dead;
He ascended into heaven,
And sitteth on the right hand of God the Father Almighty;
From thence He shall come to judge the quick and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Ghost; The holy catholic Church; The communion of saints; The forgiveness of sins; The resurrection of the body; And the life everlasting. Amen.
-The Apostles Creed
Celebrant: The Lord be with you.
People:
And with your spirit.
Celebrant: Lift up your hearts.
People:
We lift them up unto the Lord.
Celebrant: Let us give thanks unto our Lord God.
People:
It is right to give him thanks and praise.
Celebrant: It is very good and right, our duty and privilege, to at all times, and in all places, give thanks unto you, O Lord,
holy Father, almighty and everlasting God. For with your co-eternal Son and Holy Spirit, you are one God, one Lord, in Trinity of Persons and in Unity of Being; and we celebrate the one and equal glory of you, O Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Therefore with Angels and Archangels, and with all the company of heaven, we laud and magnify your glorious
Name; evermore praising you, and singing,
11
11
M A Y 2 2 , 2 0 1 6
(Music: Franz Peter Schubert; adapt. David Lutes, 2012)
Celebrant: All glory be to you, Almighty God, our heavenly Father, which of your tender mercy, did give your only Son Jesus
Christ, to suffer death upon the cross for our redemption; who
made there, by the offering of himself once for all, a full,
perfect, and sufficient sacrifice for
the sins of the world; and did institute in his holy
Gospel, a perpetual meal in honor of his precious death and sacrifice, until his coming again.
For in the night in which he was betrayed, Jesus took bread; and when he had given thanks, he broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying,"Take, eat, this is my Body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me." Likewise, after supper, he took the cup; and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them, saying, "Drink of this, all of you; for this is my Blood of the New Covenant, which is shed for you, and for many, for the remission of sins. Do this, as often as
you drink it, in remembrance of me."
Celebrant: Let us pray:
People:
We do not presume to come to this, Your Table, O merciful
Lord, trusting in our own righteousness, but in your manifold
and great mercies. We are not worthy so much as to gather
up the crumbs under your Table. But you are the same Lord
whose property is always to have mercy. Grant us therefore,
gracious Lord, so to eat the flesh of your dear Son Jesus Christ,
and to drink his blood, that our sinful bodies may be made clean by his body and our souls washed through his most precious blood that we may evermore dwell in him,
and he in us.
Celebrant: Gracious God, pour out Your Holy Spirit upon us and upon these Your gifts of bread and wine, that the bread we break and the cup we bless may be the communion of the body and blood of Christ. By Your Spirit make us one with Christ, that we may be one with all who share this feast, united in ministry in every place. As this bread is Christ's body for us, send us out to be the body of Christ in the world.
All this we ask through your Son Jesus Christ: By him, and with him, and in him, in the unity of the Holy Spirit all honor and glory is yours, Almighty Father, now and for ever.
People:
Amen.
People:
Celebrant: And now, as our Savior Christ has taught us, we are bold to say: Our Father, who art in heaven, Hallowed be Thy Name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors. Lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil, for Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory forever. Amen.
Celebrant: The Gifts of God for the People of God. Take them in remembrance that Christ died for you, and feed on him by faith, with thanksgiving.
13 13
WE COME TO HIS TABLE
All Saints welcomes all baptized Christians who believe in the Gospel (good news) of Jesus Christ to participate in the Eucharist meal. This includes all Christians, whether members at All Saints or another Christian community. Children who have been baptized and interviewed by the elders of this church or the ruling body of another church are also welcome to the table. Wine
The ushers will guide you to the serving lines. The inner circle of each communion tray contains grape juice, the outer circles contain wine. Gluten-free bread is served in the far right section in front of the musicians. Grape Juice
If you're still investigating Christianity, not sure what you believe, or simply choose not to participate in the Eucharist, you may either remain in your seat or come forward, cross your arms over your chest, and receive a blessing.
GIVING OF ALMS
ALTAR
STAGE
CONGREGATION
While there are many ways to contribute financially to God's Kingdom, the Church is the primary means by which that kingdom is established on earth. Thus, God calls us first and foremost to be faithful in the regular, ongoing support of one's local church body through tithes and offerings. If you haven't made tithing a practice, please consider adopting tithing or generous giving as a spiritual practice—that you might grow in faith and that together we might increase All Saints' capacity to be the body of Christ in Austin for the world.
HYMNS FOR THE EUCHARIST
PSALM 126 (OUR MOUTHS, THEY WERE FILLED)
Vocal Trio
Our mouths, they were filled, filled with laughter;
Restore us, O Lord!
Our tongues, they were loosed, loosed with joy.
Restore us, O Lord!
Refrain:
Although we are weeping, Lord, help us keep sowing The seeds of Your Kingdom for the day You will reap them! Your sheaves we will carry; Lord, please do not tarry! All those who sow weeping will go out with songs of joy!
The nations will say, "He has done great things!"
Restore us, O Lord!
The nations will sing songs of joy.
Restore us, O Lord!
Refrain:
Although we are weeping, Lord, help us keep sowing The seeds of Your Kingdom for the day You will reap them! Your sheaves we will carry; Lord, please do not tarry! All those who sow weeping will go out with songs of joy!
(Words and music: Isaac Wardell, 2011; arr. David Lutes, 2016; CCLI License #2476739)
15
15
JESUS, LOVER OF MY SOUL
Je
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hide all Just Thou me, my and of O trust ho life my on ly the Sav Thee is foun ior, is Thy tain hide, stayed, name, art, I am all 'til help all let life's from un me storm Thee right take is I eous from past, bring; ness; Thee;
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(Words: Charles Wesley, Music: Greg Thompson, CCLI License #2476739)
let
####
(Words: Thomas Ken, Isaac Watts (v. 2-3); Music: Louis Bourgeois; arr. Bob Kauflin; CCLI License #2476739)
17 17
M A Y 2 2 , 2 0 1 6
BENEDICTION
The peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, keep your hearts and minds in the knowledge and love of God,
and of his Son Jesus Christ our Lord; and the blessing of
God Almighty, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, be
with you, and remain with you always. Amen.
RECESSIONAL
MAY THE GRACE OF CHRIST OUR SAVIOR
##
(Words: John Newton, 1770; Music: American folk tune, nettleton; CCLI License # 2476739)
ANNOUNCEMENTS
TONIGHT
High School Senior Celebration Dinner: All high school students are invited to join us tonight to celebrate our graduating seniors with their families. Contact Josh Keller for more information.
7:00 PM
SAT, JUN 4
12:00 NOON
WED, JUN 8 6:30 PM
Westminster Manor Nursing Home Ministry: Join Arnold & Cris Castillo and the nursing home ministry team for "Friends, Fellowship, and Faith" at Westminster Manor. If you are interested in joining them, or for more details, please contact Arnold (email@example.com, 956-536-6880).
Women's Summer Bible Study: Join All Saints women this summer as we take a closer look at the Gospel of Mark. Wednesdays, June 8—July 27 from 6:30 to 8:30 PM. Details and registration at allsaintsaustin.org/markstudy.
SUN, JUN 26
Children moving up: Children will be promoted to their new classes as we move into our new church home. Contact Taylor Gayle with any questions.
ALL SAINTS PRESCHOOL
Registration for our new preschool opening this fall is now under way. Contact Emily Gaertner (firstname.lastname@example.org) or visit allsaintsaustin.org/preschool for more information.
INVITATION TO SERVE
There are many ways you can serve at All Saints, and we invite you to join the many members who currently use their individual gifts to tirelessly serve our church body.
CURRENT VOLUNTEER NEEDS:
Sunday Refreshments - Pick up pre-ordered and prepaid donut and bagel orders, arrange the refreshments, and keep coffee stations stocked and tidy.
Sunday Communion Preparation - Fill the communion trays with bread and wine, set up the altar, and clean up communion ware after worship.
Weekday Office Administrative - Entering Attendance: enter names of those present in worship into our database. Time commitment is approximately 1-2 hours per week.
Contact Rebekah Rice (email@example.com) for more information.
SAVE THE DATE
Consecration Service & Open House
Friday, June 24 | 6:00 PM
First Worship Service in New Building
Sunday, June 26 | 9:30 & 11:00 AM
19 19
DAILY WORSHIP RESOURCES
These readings are provided as a personal, family, or group worship resource. Use them along with your church bulletin as resource for readings, prayers, and hymns. These scripture readings are set in the Revised Common Lectionary, a schedule of daily Bible reading in accord with the Church year. They are designed around a two-year cycle that will take you through the Old Testament once, the New Testament twice, and the Psalms frequently. We are currently in the "Year II" cycle.
SUNDAY, THE LORD'S DAY, TRINITY SUNDAY
Morning Psalm(s): 146, 147
Evening Psalm(s): 111, 112, 113
Old Testament: Job 38:1-11, 42:1-5
Epistle:
Revelation 19:4-16
Gospel:
John 1:29-34
MONDAY
Morning Psalm(s): 25
Evening Psalm(s): 9, 15
Old Testament: Proverbs 10:1-12
Epistle:
I Timothy 1:1-17
Gospel:
Matthew 12:22-32
TUESDAY
Morning Psalm(s): 26, 28
Evening Psalm(s): 36, 39
Old Testament: Proverbs 15:16-33
Epistle:
I Timothy 1:18-2:8
Gospel:
Matthew 12:33-42
WEDNESDAY
Morning Psalm(s): 38
Evening Psalm(s): 119:25-48
Old Testament: Proverbs 17:1-20
Epistle:
I Timothy 3:1-16
Gospel:
Matthew 12:43-50
THURSDAY
Morning Psalm(s): 37:1-18
Evening Psalm(s): 37:19-42
Old Testament: Proverbs 21:30-22:6
Epistle:
I Timothy 4:1-16
Gospel:
Matthew 13:24-30
FRIDAY
Morning Psalm(s): 31
Evening Psalm(s): 35
Old Testament: Proverbs 23:19-21,29-24:2
Epistle:
I Timothy 5:17-22(23-25)
Gospel:
Matthew 13:31-35
SATURDAY
Morning Psalm(s): 30, 32
Evening Psalm(s): 42, 43
Old Testament: Proverbs 25:15-28
Epistle:
I Timothy 6:6-21
Gospel:
Matthew 13:36-43
SUNDAY, THE LORD'S DAY, 2ND SUNDAY AFTER PENTECOST
Morning Psalm(s): 63:1-8 (9-11), 98
Evening Psalm(s): 103
Old Testament: Deuteronomy 11:1-12
Epistle:
Revelation 10:1-11
Gospel:
Matthew 13:44-58
ALL SAINTS CONTACT INFORMATION
(This information can also be found on our website at allsaintsaustin.org/about/leadership)
PASTORS
STAFF
ELDERS
(Elders are available to help with needs of prayer and spiritual care)
DEACONS
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M A Y 2 2 , 2 0 1 6 | <urn:uuid:26ff5786-281e-4906-97cd-c0bf55d72c01> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 19,890 |
NOTAT
Udvikling i ladeinfrastruktur og bestand af el og plug-in-hybridbiler
Der er stor opmærksomhed omkring og interesse for, hvordan ud bredelsen af ladeinfrastrukturen skrider frem samt for udviklingen i antallet af el- og plug-in-hybridbiler i Danmark. Aftalen om grøn vejtransport fra december 2020 har blandt andet til formål at acce lerere udbredelsen af el- og plug-in-hybridbiler. For at det kan lyk kes er der behov for, at ladeinfrastrukturen følger med.
Nedenfor belyses udviklingen i ladeinfrastrukturen i Danmark frem til august 2021 samt udviklingen i bestanden af el- og plug-inhybridbiler. Herunder belyses geografiske forskelle i udviklingen, fordelingen af lynladere, hurtigladere og 'kantstensladere' samt ka rakteristika for bilparken. Datagrundlaget i notatet er med enkelte undtagelser ChargeX, jf. boks 1 og 2.
Boks 1: ChargeX-databasen
Databasen hos ChargeX indeholder:
* Data over ladeinfrastrukturen på kommune-, regions-, og nationalt ni veau opdateret indtil forrige måned. Ladeinfrastruktur dækker over lade punkter, ladeparker og ladeeffekt.
* Tidsserier på månedsbasis fra august 2018 og frem (foreløbigt til og med august 2021), der muliggør kobling med makrodata til undersøgelse af statistiske sammenhænge bag udviklingen i ladeinfrastruktur og elbiler, herunder både bestanden og data for salg.
* Overblik over operatører på markedet for ladestandere, samt information vedrørende de elektriske køretøjers specifikationer, herunder bilens lade tilkoblingspunkt, batteri, og rækkevidde.
Kilde: ChargeX Analytics
1 Geografisk spredning af ladepunkter
Ladeinfrastrukturen er illustreret som antallet af offentligt tilgæn gelige ladepunkter per tusinde indbyggere jf. figur1. Der er per 31. august 2021 offentligt tilgængelige lademuligheder i 94 af landets 98 kommuner. I disse 94 kommuner, varierer koncentrationen af ladepunkter per tusinde indbyggere fra 0,04 i Faaborg-Midtfyn til
22-09-2021 2021-493
2,27 i Frederiksberg Kommune, hvor landsgennemsnittet ligger på 0,73 ladepunkter per tusinde indbyggere.
Anm: Grå områder repræsenterer kommuner, hvor der endnu ikke foreligger data for antallet af la depunkter.
Kilde: Egne beregninger på baggrund af data fra ChargeX Analytics
Ladeinfrastrukturen fordeler sig jævnt over hele landet. Både tæt befolkede områder og landområder er således repræsenteret på li sten over top-20 kommuner med flest ladepunkter per tusinde ind byggere, jf. figur 2.
Anm: Den røde linje angiver landsgennemsnittet på 0,52 ladepunkter per tusinde indbyggere. Kilde: Egne beregninger på baggrund af data fra ChargeX Analytics.
Det bemærkes, at mange af kommunerne med et højt antal lade punkter per tusinde indbyggere enten huser lufthavne eller andre centrale trafikale knudepunkter, såsom kommunerne København, Tårnby, Bornholm, Billund, og Nyborg. Andre kommuner er dog også repræsenteret på listen, herunder Samsø, Langeland, Rebild og Hjørring.
2 Ladeeffekt og geografisk placering
Nedenfor er dækningen af ladeinfrastruktur fordelt på effekten af ladepunkter beskrevet. Til denne analyse anvendes definitioner af ladeeffekt i overensstemmelse med Dansk Energi, jf. tabel 1.
Tabel 1: Definitioner af ladetyper efter effekt
| | Normallader | Hurtiglader | Lynlader |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ladeeffekt | <20 kW | 20-99 kW | ≥ 100 kW |
| Ladning fra | Ca. 6 timer | Ca. 30 – 60 minutter | Ca. 10-30 minutter |
| tomt batteri, | | | |
| varighed | | | |
| Lokation, ek | På bopæl, arbejdsplads | Indkøbscentre | Rastepladser langs mo |
| sempler | eller parkeringsplader i | | torveje, tankstationer |
| | det offentlige rum | | |
m
Kilde: Dansk Energi
Ud af landets ca. 4.200 ladepunkter per 31. august 2021, tilhører ca. 46 pct. kategorien af normalladere med en ladeeffekt på op til 20 kilowatt, jf. figur 3. I Region Hovedstaden og Region Nordjyl land tilhører en endnu større andel af ladepunkterene denne kate gori (ca. 51 pct.), mens normalladere udgør en lavere andel i Re gion Sjælland og Region Syddanmark (hhv. 35 pct. og 33 pct.).
Hurtigladere udgør ca. 50 pct. af de offentligt tilgængelige lade punkter i hele landet og lynladere med en ladeeffekt på mindst 100 kilowatt udgør den laveste andel på ca. 4 pct. Andelene er dog vok set siden august 2018, hvor hurtigladere udgjorde ca. 15 pct. af de offentlige ladepunkter og lynladere udgjorde ca. 2 pct.
I regionerne Midtjylland, Sjælland og Syddanmark udgør hurtigla dere og lynladere tilsammen over halvdelen af ladepunkterne per august 2021.
Kilde: Egne beregninger på baggrund af data fra ChargeX
Andelen af ladetyper i regionerne hænger formentlig sammen med områdets bestand af elektriske køretøjer og befolkningens bosæt ningsmønstre.
I kommuner med en høj bestand af elektriske køretøjer er der en efterspørgsel efter at kunne lade batteriet natten over; i kommuner med en lav bestand af elektriske køretøjer er der modsat større be hov for hurtigladere og lynladere til brug for gennemrejsende eller for at servicere turister.
Ligeledes er der i områder, hvor en større andel af befolkningen for eksempel bor i lejligheder et større behov for offentligt tilgængelige ladepunkter, der muliggør opladning natten over end i områder, hvor befolkningen i højere grad har adgang til egen parkerings plads.
Analysen er foretaget på regionsniveau, men der foreligger også data vedrørende ladeeffekt på kommuneniveau.
3 Udvikling i ladeinfrastruktur og bilparken i perio den 2018-2021
Antallet af elbiler registreret i Danmark er mere end firedoblet over de seneste tre år og udgør per 31. august 2021 ca. 47.000 i hele lan det, jf. figur 4. Bestanden af plug-in hybrider er i perioden mere end seksdoblet og udgør i august 2021 ca. 59.000.
I samme periode er antallet af ladepunkter steget med ca. 1.950 punkter fra et udgangspunkt på ca. 2.300 i august 2018, svarende til en stigning på 85 pct., jf. figur 5. I perioden december 2020 til marts 2021 begyndte vækstraterne forbundet med udrulningen af
ladepunkter at stige til et niveau på ca. 3 til 7 pct. Væksten aftog så en smule i foråret, men særligt i løbet af sommeren er udviklingen accelereret med en historisk stigning på 16 pct. i antallet af lade punkter i august 2021.
Antallet af ladepunkter per elbil er faldet fra ca. ét ladepunkt per fire elbiler i 2018 til ét ladepunkt per 11 elbiler i 2021. Udviklingen i elektriske køretøjer vokser hurtigere end udviklingen i ladepunk ter, men skal ses i lyset af udviklingen i køretøjernes rækkevidde.
Figur 4. Udvikling i bestanden af elbiler og plug-in hybrider, 2018-2021.
Anm: Elbiler omfatter alene biler, der udelukkende kører på batteri, Battery-powered Electric Ve hicle (BEV). Tilsvarende data er tilgængelige for plug-in hybridbiler. Plug-in hybrider (PHEV) er for synet med en forbrændingsmotor i tillæg til en batteridreven motor.
Bestanden af elbiler omfatter alle biler registreret i Motorregistret, og er derfor inklusiv importerede og brugte biler, hvilket kan adskille sig markant for nyregistrede biler, der alene tæller første gang en bil registreres.
Kilde: Egne beregninger på baggrund af data fra ChargeX Analytics.
Det observeres samtidigt, at elbiler udgjorde 19,2 pct. af alle nyregi strerede biler i august 2021, mens hybridbilernes andel var på 21,4 pct. jf. figur 6. Disse tal kommer fra Danmarks Statistik.
Anm: Nyregistrerede biler omfatter alene første gang en ny bil registreres og dermed er importerede biler eller brugte biler ikke med i statistikken. For 2021* er data fra januar til og med 31. august 2021. De øvrige år er opgjort for fulde kalenderår.
Kilde: Danmarks Statistik
Opgjort per tusinde indbyggere, har der på landsplan været en til gang på 0,30 ladepunkter i gennemsnit i perioden august 2018 til august 2021. Størstedelen af udviklingen er sket inden for det sid ste år. På kommuneniveau findes den største tilgang i ladepunkter godt fordelt over landet, jf. figur 7. Således er Samsø, København Bornholm, Langeland og Sønderborg blandt de ti kommuner, der har haft størst tilgang i ladepunkter per tusinde indbyggere i perio den august 2018 til august 2021.
Anm: Grå områder repræsenterer kommuner, hvor der endnu ikke foreligger data for antallet af la depunkter.
Kilde: Egne beregninger på baggrund af data fra ChargeX Analytics.
I 84 pct. af kommunerne er ladeinfrastrukturen blevet udvidet i pe rioden, og i ca. 13 pct. af kommunerne er der ikke sket nogen æn dring siden 2018. I tre kommuner viser data, at der har været et lille fald i antallet af ladepunkter.
4 Operatører
Det er yderligere muligt at få overblik over, hvilke operatører, der har de største markedsandele i hele landet, såvel som opdelt på for skellige geografiske inddelinger, jf. figur 8.
På landsplan udbyder E.ON og CLEVER tilsammen 72 pct. af lade punkterne, og er de dominerende udbydere i alle landets regioner. I Region Nordjylland har de en markedsandel på 82 pct. tilsam men, mens de fylder mindst i Region Sjælland og Syddanmark med en samlet markedsandel på 59 pct. Andre udbydere, der er tilstede i landet er bl.a. Spirii, Sperto, Tesla og Circle K. Det bemærkes, at Teslas ladepunkter er offentligt tilgængelige for Tesla-bilmodeller, men ikke kan anvendes af andre bilmodeller. Tesla-bilmodeller ud gør per 31. august 2021 ca. 35 pct. af den samlede bestand af elbi ler.
Kilde: Egne beregninger på baggrund af data fra ChargeX Analytics.
Ses der på forskellige typer af ladere, ejer E.ON ca. 69 pct. af lan dets normalladere, mens CLEVER har en andel på ca. 22 pct., jf. fi gur 9. Det er dermed E.ON, der dominerer på markedet for nor malladere. CLEVER er derimod størst på markedet for hurtigla dere med en markedsandel på ca. 44 pct. mod E.ONs markedsan del på ca. 17 pct. Markedet for hurtigladere er generelt præget af større konkurrence end markedet for normalladere, og Spirii samt øvrige udbydere har dermed tilsammen en markedsandel på ca. 39 pct. for hurtigladere.
Anm: TESLA-EU tilhører kategorien offentligt tilgængelig, men ladeudtagene er alene kompatible med Teslas egne bilmodeller.
Kilde: Egne beregninger på baggrund af data fra ChargeX Analytics.
Landets offentligt tilgængelige lynladere ejes udelukkende af Tesla, Spirii og andre udbydere, herunder Circle K, Sperto, og Ionity. Heraf er Tesla-lynladere udelukkende til anvendelse for Tesla-bil modeller.
5 Rækkevidde
Bestanden af elbiler er vokset betragteligt fra et udgangspunkt på ca. 10.000 til 47.000 køretøjer, der er udelukkende batteridrevne, i perioden august 2018-august 2021.
I perioden er bestandens kørerækkevidde samtidig øget, og der er således væsentligt flere elbiler i bestanden i 2021 med en række vidde på 400 km eller derover, jf. figur 10. Andelen af elbiler med en rækkevidde på over 400 km er således steget fra ca. 47 pct. til ca. 62 pct. i august 2021, jf. figur 11. Endvidere er andelen af elbiler med en rækkevidde på under 200 km faldet fra ca. 23 pct. til ca. 5 pct. Sidstnævnte skyldes ikke, at der er færre elbiler i bestanden med kort rækkevidde i 2021, men derimod at der er kommet rela tivt flere elbiler med længere rækkevidde.
Figur 10. Udviklingen i række vidde for elbiler 2018-2021, an tal.
Figur 11. Udviklingen i række vidde for elbiler 2018-2021, an del af total.
Anm: Elbiler omfatter alene biler, der udelukkende kører på batteri, Battery-powered Electric Ve
hicle (BEV).
Der mangler data på rækkevidde på nogle køretøjer i bestanden hos ChargeX, men tallene i figurerne dækker over ca. 95 pct. af den samlede bestand i hvert år.
Kilde: Egne beregninger på baggrund af data fra ChargeX Analytics.
6 Dataindsamling og definitioner
Boks 2: ChargeX dataindsamling og begrebsafklaring
Dataindsamling: ChargeX indsamler data gennem forskellige kilder. Dels gen nem læsning af operatørers API, gennem direkte indrapportering fra operatørerne på deres web-interface og derudover fra brugere af deres service. Enhver ændring håndteres manuelt for at sikre at informationerne i databasen er korrekte.
Aggregering: Datasættet indeholder data på kommuner, regioner og hele landet, men indeholder ikke nøjagtige GPS-punkter for ladepunkterne.
Offentligt tilgængeligt: Definitionen af "Offentligt tilgængeligt" er baseret på brugernes bedømmelse af, hvorvidt ladestanderen kan tilgås uden, at der kræves specifik tilladelse.
Elbiler og rækkevidde: Disse data hentes fra producenterne. Nogle data kan være begrænsede, men ChargeX er i gang med en større opdatering af data, som skal imødekomme dette.
Tidsserier: ChargeX vurderer selv, at data for Danmark er pålidelige i perioden august 2018 til og med det senest tilgængelige (august 2021).
Pålidelighed: Færdselsstyrelsen har udmeldt at ChargeX per 2021 har de bedste data på området.
Kilde: ChargeX Analytics. | <urn:uuid:a123f15b-2c8f-4111-883b-e365e56163d1> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/dan_Latn/train | finepdfs | dan_Latn | 12,772 |
Daikin participa en el Campeonato Skills 2016 de la Comunidad Valenciana
La compañía estará presente apoyando esta competición por comunidades que bianualmente organiza el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Spainskills, para promocionar los estudios de Formación Profesional y crear un punto de encuentro entre profesionales, profesorado y alumnado.
Madrid, 28 de Abril de 2016.- Daikin, compañía líder del ámbito de la climatización, estará presente mañana, 29 de abril, en el Campeonato de la Comunidad Valenciana Skills 2016 de Formación Profesional en las disciplinas de fontanería, calefacción y refrigeración.
Spainskills es un campeonato bienal, organizado por el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte para promocionar los estudios de Formación Profesional, estimular y motivar al alumnado, crear un punto de encuentro entre profesionales, profesorado y alumnado fomentando las buenas relaciones entre ellos y seleccionar a los representantes españoles para la Euroskills y la Worldskills. La competición está dividida en 24 modalidades, dentro de las cuales compiten los alumnos en un primer campeonato autonómico que tiene como finalidad la elección de los representantes de cada Comunidad Autónoma para la Spainskills.
Concretamente, Daikin va a estar presente dando a conocer sus productos en el C.I.P.F.P Catarroja que acogerá la competición de fontanería, calefacción y refrigeración de la Comunidad Valenciana. En esta competición se evaluará y seleccionará a los alumnos de Formación Profesional que demuestren las mejores destrezas para desarrollar pruebas prácticas como por ejemplo: instalación de sistemas de tuberías de refrigerante, instalación y puesta en marcha de equipos de refrigeración y de climatización o identificación y reparación de averías, tanto mecánicas como eléctricas, entre otras. La participación de Daikin es este evento subraya el firme compromiso de la compañía por la formación, en este caso, como llave para mejorar la experiencia y capacitación de los futuros profesionales del sector.
SOBRE DAIKIN
Daikin es en la actualidad el proveedor líder en soluciones integrales de climatización. Como resultado de su nueva estrategia de diversificación más acorde con un mercado en pleno cambio, además de "Aire Acondicionado", mercado en el que es líder indiscutible, ha ampliado su oferta penetrando en nuevos mercados: Calefacción, Refrigeración y Sistemas Hidrónicos (enfriadoras, climatizadores y fan coils). La compañía comenzó a operar en España en 1982, dando respuesta a la creciente demanda de equipos de climatización de alta calidad que se daba tanto en Europa como en nuestro país. En este tiempo, se ha convertido en una de las filiales de ventas más importantes de la firma japonesa. Hoy en día, Daikin ofrece una amplia cobertura de soluciones y servicios en todo el territorio nacional. Ocho delegaciones son las encargadas de llevar sus productos a cualquier punto de la geografía nacional. Daikin Industries es un símbolo de cooperación entre Oriente y Occidente al atender las necesidades de nuestros clientes a través de 81 oficinas y 38 plantas de producción (8 en USA, 10 en Europa y 20 en Asia).
www.daikin.es
Teléfono: 901 101 102
Síguenos en las redes sociales | <urn:uuid:16111618-1bf3-425e-be1c-683537bccfe3> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/spa_Latn/train | finepdfs | spa_Latn | 3,250 |
VIVIENDA TIPO A.0.1
PARCELA PRIVATIVA 241,80 m²
SUPERFICIES CONSTRUIDAS
Planta baja vivienda 81,82 m²
porche 10,30 m²
total 91,92 m²
total superficie construida 91,92 m²
SUPERFICIES ESPACIOS EXTERIORES
Planta baja 150,07 m²
Total superficies exteriores 150,07 m²
Total (SUP CT+ TERR) 242,99 m²
TIPO
A.0.1
Escala 1/100
Fecha JUNIO 2019
Plano orientativo. Puede sufrir modificaciones durante el desarrollo del proyecto. Las superficies indicadas son aproximadas y podrán sufrir variaciones por necesidades técnicas durante la obra. El amueblamiento tiene carácter únicamente orientativo. No constituye un documento contractual. Todas las superficies se han computado al 100%.
VIVIENDA TIPO A.0.1 (*)
PARCELA PRIVATIVA 240,08 m²
SUPERFICIES CONSTRUIDAS
Planta baja construida 91,62 m²
porche 90,30 m²
total 91,92 m²
total superficie construida 91,92 m²
SUPERFICIES ESPACIOS EXTERIORES
Planta baja 150,67 m²
Total superficies exteriores 150,67 m²
Total (SUP CT+ TERR) 242,59 m²
TIPO A.0.1*
Escala 1/100
Fecha JUNIO 2019
(*) Orientativo, puede sufrir modificaciones durante el desarrollo del proyecto. Las superficies indicadas son aproximadas y podrán sufrir variaciones por necesidades técnicas durante la obra. El amueblamiento tiene carácter únicamente orientativo. No constituye un documento contractual. Todas las superficies se han computado al 100%. | d7a8f3eb-43ad-4438-8c43-f6a74790e814 | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/spa_Latn/train | finepdfs | spa_Latn | 1,370 |
Zápis z 16. jednání Komise výstavby a dopravy MČ Praha-Ďáblice 14. 5. 2024 od 17:00 hod. v zasedací místnosti ÚMČ Praha-Ďáblice
Přítomni: Ing. Michal Hendrych, MUDr. Petr Chmátal, Ph.D., MBA, Ing. Jiří Marušiak, Ph.D., PhDr. Ing. Marek Pěkný, David Prokeš, Dis., Ing. Radimír Rexa, CSc., Michael Vlach
Omluveni: Michal Boháč, Ing. arch. Lenka Chromíková, Mgr. Martina Postupová, Ing. Daniel Prix
Hosté: Ing. Mgr. Martin Tumpach, starosta
Program jednání:
1. Prodloužení ulice Na Znělci
Komise doporučuje požadovat, aby:
* navržená komunikace byla prodloužena až k pozemku parc. č. 1552/5, aby byl v budoucnu umožněn průjezd územím,
* navržená komunikace a obratiště nezasahovaly do pozemku ve správě MČ parc. č. 1553, s výjimkou příjezdové části, kde má investor věcné břemeno,
* bylo zachováno oplocení školky na pozemku parc. č. 1553,
* cena za výstavbu komunikace a inženýrských sítí nebyla odečítána od kompenzace pro MČ, a aby výše kompenzace byla počítána podle aktuálního tarifu.
Komise dále doporučuje, aby až bude zpracováván další stupeň projektové dokumentace, byl MČ předložen k vyjádření.
2. Koňská louka Ďáblice
Komise doporučuje investora požádat o upřesnění záměru, především detailnější specifikaci (jaké provozy, poskytované služby apod.), o vyčíslení kapacit (počty zaměstnanců, hostů, ustájených koní, parkování), a určení dopadů na obec.
3. Viladům na statku - novostavba BD U Parkánu 15/13
Komise konstatuje, že v dokumentaci chybí koordinační situace, ze které by bylo patrné napojení objektu na inženýrské sítě a řešení odvodnění. Komise upozorňuje, že u dvou bytů v přízemí je umístění oken v rozporu s ČSN 73 4301 Obytné budovy, kdy není dodržena min. výška parapetu obytných místností 1,8 m nad přilehlým veřejným chodníkem. Dále je nutné, aby projekt respektoval platnou legislativu k likvidaci srážkových vod, především §38 Pražských stavebních předpisů a usnesení Rady městské části č. 126/23/RMČ ze dne 22. 3. 2023 k Podmínkám hospodaření s dešťovou vodou. Komise doporučuje požádat o doplnění a úpravu dokumentace a o uzavření plánovací smlouvy s MČ.
4. Křížovnické sady Ďáblice – etapa I a II
Komise doporučuje, aby byl zpracován seznam pozemků a staveb, a výkres pozemků a staveb, které budou prodány MČ dle Smlouvy o spolupráci čl. 3.2 a tento seznam se stal součástí budoucí Plánovací smlouvy dle čl. 3.3. Komise považuje za vhodné již nyní rozhodnout, komu bude předána retenční nádrž do správy (PVS, Lesy hl. m. Prahy). Komise doporučuje požádat RŘK, aby prověřil, zda návrh retenční nádrže je vyprojektován v souladu se standardy budoucího správce, a aby návrh retenční nádrže a její převzetí do správy bylo projednáno s budoucím správcem. Komise doporučuje, aby projekt respektoval platnou legislativu k likvidaci srážkových vod, především §38 Pražských stavebních předpisů a usnesení Rady městské části č. 126/23/RMČ ze dne 22. 3. 2023 k Podmínkám hospodaření s dešťovou vodou, a aby projekt počítal s případnou budoucí trasou napojení odvodnění pozemků situovaných mezi ul. Chřibskou a Cínoveckou, jižně od ul. Kostelecké. Komise upozorňuje, že pěší komunikace (mlatový chodník) SO 21 je vyústěna přímo na komunikaci Kosteleckou, kde ale není řešen ani navazující chodník ani přechod. Komise doporučuje toto místo dořešit a koordinovat s projektem obchodního centra X-PARK ĎÁBLICE tak, aby zde bylo přímé pěší propojení k novému obchodnímu centru.
5. Informace z projednání připomínek MČ k Metropolitnímu plánu
R. R. a P. Chmátal informovali členy Komise o projednání připomínek MČ k Metropolitnímu plánu na HMP.
6. Hospodaření s dešťovou vodou
R. R. informoval členy Komise o stávajícím stavu odvodnění Ďáblic. Bylo by aktuálně vhodné doprojektovat a majetkoprávně vyřešit provedení dešťové kanalizace přes ul. Šenovskou a Statkovou k areálu RŘK dříve, než bude realizován záměr Bydlení Ďáblice v oblasti ul. Šenovská – Statková.
Zapsal: Marek Pěkný | <urn:uuid:1d65fb9a-83cd-4f8f-8fbf-324309def9bf> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ces_Latn/train | finepdfs | ces_Latn | 3,912 |
1971 Baubeginn der Sporthalle durch Sportverein. Die Gemeinde Hausen gibt zu diesem Bau ansehnlichen Zuschuss.
1. Juli 1972: Hausen wird Ortsteil von Steinfeld im Zuge der Gemeindegebietsreform.
1975 Bau der Kläranlage. Erster Klärwärter war Walter Bienert.
1975 100-jähriges Gründungsfest der Freiwilligen Feuerwehr Hausen mit Fahnenweihe.
1978 Gründung des Reservistenvereins als Nachfolgeverein des 1895 gegründeten Kriegervereins. Übernahme und Restaurierung der Vereinsfahne aus dem Jahr 1902.
1985
110-jähriges Gründungsfest der Freiwilligen Feuerwehr
Hausen.
1985 Baumfällung auf dem Lindenplatz: Drei über hundert Jahre alte und teilweise kranke Linden und eine Kastanie wurden gefällt.
1985 Neuer Spielplatz im Gemeindegebiet „Forst": Finanziert wurde der Spielplatz vom vorjährigem Vereinsringfest, von Firmenspenden und der Gemeinde, errichtet von freiwilligen Helfern in 600 Arbeitsstunden
1986 Segnung des Lindenplatzes, der durch die Reservistenkameradschaft Hausen neu gestaltet wurde. Im Mittelpunkt steht ein Brunnen, der dem 1525 hingerichteten Hausener Bauernführer Kaspar Leyser gewidmet ist. Auf demselben Platz stand schon zuvor ein Dorfbrunnen; er wurde 1954 nach dem Bau der Wasserleitung zugeschüttet.
Dies ist nur ein Ausschnitt aus der Hausener Chronik, wenn sie die komplette Chronik und noch vieles mehr aus unserer Heimat erfahren möchten dann gehen sie auf unsere Internetseite:
www.hgv-hausen.de
Herausgeber: Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Steinfeld-Hausen-
Waldzell e.V
Bilder/Text: Gestaltung: Quelle:
Gerd Reimer (2. Vorsitzender)
Manuel Reimer
Buch „Hausen, meine Heimat"
Historischer Atlas Bayern
Glockenweihe 6. Mai 1950. (Bild: Evi Molner)
25-jähriges Gründungsfest der Lyra-Hausen (Bild: Alois Siegler)
Gastwirtschaft, ca. 1925 (Bild: Alois Siegler)
Lindenbrunnen 1952 (Bild: Reinhard Stamm)
Heimat- und Geschichtsverein
Steinfeld-Hausen-Waldzell e.V.
Beiträge zur Ortsgeschichte / Nr. 5
Von der Frühsteinzeit bis 1986
Ein Ausschnitt aus der Chronik von Hausen
Hausen – ein kurzer Abriss der Dorfgeschichte
Frühe Besiedlung: Das Gebiet um Hausen war schon in der Frühsteinzeit besiedelt. Davon zeugen Keramikfunde im Flurgebiet „Tannenäcker". Die ersten großen Zeitzeugen sind die Hügelgräber auf der „Kohlplatte", die teilweise auf die mittlere Bronzezeit (1600 - 1250 v. Chr.) datiert sind.
Der Ortsname Hausen deutet an, dass es sich um eine Besiedlung der Franken etwa im 7. - 8. Jahrhundert n. Chr. handelte. Eine Landkarte des Waldsassengaues nennt Hausen bereits im 8. Jahrhundert.
Um 800: Schenkungsurkunde an das Kloster Fulda nennt das Dorf Hausen.
1280 Klageschrift des Klosters Neustadt gegen den Grafen Ludwig von Rieneck nennt Hausen.
1413 Schutzverpflichtung: Thomas von Rieneck verpflichtet sich, das ihm vom Würzburger Domkapitel anbefohlene Dorf Hausen bei Wiesenfeld zu schirmen (d.h. zu schützen).
1525 Bauernkrieg: Die Kriegswirren trafen auch unser Dorf. Nachdem die Bauernhaufen vernichtend geschlagen waren, kam es im ganzen Land zu Strafmaßnahmen und Hinrichtungen. Am 16. August 1525 ließ der Würzburger Fürstbischof Konrad von Thüngen auf dem Marktplatz in Karlstadt zusammen mit anderen Bauern aus dem Amt Karlstadt den Bauernführer Caspar Leyser aus Hausen hinrichten. Wahrscheinlich stammt Caspar Leyser aus dem Anwesen Röder in der heutigen Wiesenfelder Straße. Bis nach dem 2. Weltkrieg war der Dorfname für dieses Anwesen „Gottfried Leyser".
1554-1568 Reformation: Alle Bewohner der Ortschaften in der Grafschaft Rieneck mussten zum evangelischen Glauben übertreten, so auch die Hausener. Damals galt der Grundsatz „cuis regio, eius religio" (zu wessen Gebiet du gehörst, dessen Religion musst du haben).
1568 Rückkauf von Hausen durch Fürstbistum Würzburg. Hausen wird wieder katholisch.
1645 Älteste Rechnungen des Gotteshauses von Hausen reichen bis in dieses Jahr zurück. Vor dem Bau der jetzigen Kirche muss also in Hausen bereits eine Kirche gestanden haben.
1790 Bau des Schulhauses in Hausen: Damals wurde in Würzburg eine Bauakte angelegt.
1799 Beschreibung von Hausen durch Georg Bundschuh im Lexikon von Franken:
„Hausen, Würzburgisch-katholisches Dorf im Amte Karlstadt von 42 Häusern. Der Schullehrer hat 74 fl. frk. Gehalt. 1797 waren in der Schule 36 Kinder. Erlenbach schickt seine Kinder dahin in die Schule. Der Ort hat 39 Einwohner und 206 Seelen. Der Boden ist feucht und kalt, von mittelmäßiger Fruchtbarkeit. Alle Gattungen des Getraides, als: Korn, Weizen, geringer Gattung Haber, Erbsen, Linsen, Wicken und Gersten werden allda gebaut. Wiesen haben sie aber nicht zu viel; vorzüglich wird da guter Flachs gebauet. Holz hat die Gemeinde eigentümlich so viel, dass sie sich wohl damit zum Bauen und Brennen versehen kann. Die Holzarten bestehen meistens in Eichen und Buchen, auch etwas Tannen. Der Nahrungs und Erwerbsstand ist Feldbau; ihren nicht sehr beträchtlichen Ueberfluß an Getraid verkaufen sie meistens in das nahe gelegene Mainzische Städtchen Lohr, manches Jahr wird für 700 fl. Flachs verkauft. Handwerker hat der Ort, außer einigen Leineweber, Schneider, einem Schuster und Schmied, keine. Der Zustand hat sich in Vergleich voriger Zeiten viel vermehrt, die Ursache ist, weil die Leute jetzt viel Klee zu bauen anfangen. Der Ort hat auch eine eigene Schäferei. Die Herrschaft des Orts ist der Fürst von Würzburg, gehört in das Amt Karlstadt, und pfarrt in die Pfarrei Wiesenfeld. Die Einwohner haben gute Sitten und leben sehr still; ihr Wohlstand ist mittel mäßig und leben sehr gering. Vom Luxus weiß man hier nicht viel."
1803 Bitte der Gemeinde Hausen, eine Filiale der Pfarrei Wiesenfeld in Hausen zu errichten.
1815-1817 Bau der Filialkirche St. Cyriakus: Baukosten 11 000 Gulden. Kirchenbesitz verringerte sich auf Grund der Baukosten um die Hälfte.
In einer Doktorarbeit über den Kirchenbau in Bayern in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts schreibt Johannes Sander über die Kirche von Hausen:
„Hingewiesen werden muss schließlich auf den Neubau der katholischen Kirche in Hausen bei Karlstadt. Erhalten ist nur ein Entwurf von Johann Michael Schauer in der Akte der Diözese Würzburg, der aber nicht zur Ausführung passt.
Dagegen wird Büttner im Februar 1816 als Autor von Plan und Kostenvoranschlag genannt. Der Grundriss der Kirche ist rechteckig: An ein dreiachsiges Langhaus schließt sich westlich in gleicher Breite ein Ensemble aus einachsigem Altarraum und begleitenden Sakristeien an, in dessen geraden Abschluss innen eine halbrunde Apsis einbeschrieben ist. Doch der Außenbau ist nicht einheitlich: Der Westbau ist gegenüber dem Langhaus deutlich niedriger und besitzt ein eigenes Dach. Im Inneren erfolgt die Trennung zwischen Langhaus und Altarraum durch einen halbrund schließenden Bogen. Der Turm ist, ähnlich wie in Donnersdorf, zu zwei Dritteln in den Kirchenraum einbezogen. Büttner ist hier wiederum eine eigentümliche Kombination von Merkmalen aus seinem bisherigen Schaffen gelungen: Der rechteckige Grundriss erinnert an Donnersdorf und den Wonfurt-Entwurf, die Altarhauslösung an Halsheim. In den Einzelheiten zeigt der Bau ein auffallend disparates Formenrepertoire. So greift die Fassade eigentlich auf barocke Motive zurück. Die Übereinanderstellung fast quadratischer Fenster und halbrunder Öffnungen in den Seitenteilen, die Figurennische in der Mitte über dem schlichten Stichbogenportal, das schmale Gurtband unterhalb des Kranzgesimses und die ausgeprägte Horizontalgliederung der drei nach obenhin an Höhe abnehmenden Turmgeschosse erinnern trotzaller Reduktion im Dekorativen an die Kirchenbauten Anton Wüsts. In auffälligem Gegensatz dazu stehen die beiden Langhausseiten."
1878-1905 Kulturunternehmen zwischen Steinfeld und Hausen.
1949 Renovierung der Kirche (siehe Bild auf der Vorderseite des Flyers).
1950 Letztes Geläut am 6. Mai um 10 Uhr der Cyriakus-Glocke vor ihrer Abnahme: Die Glocke, die für das neue Geläut in Zahlung gegeben wurde, trug die Inschrift: „S. Cyriakus, ora pro nobis 1921". Die drei neuen Glocken von der Firma Junker aus Brion/Westfalen trafen am 11. Mai 1950 in Hausen-K ein.
1950 25-jähriges Gründungsfest Lyra Hausen.
1951-52 Bau der Wasserleitung für das ganze Dorf: Hierzu musste jeder Anschlussberechtigte 400 Stunden leisten.
1953 Gründungsjahr der Musikkapelle Hausen.
1954 Erster Traktor von Albin Marschall und Karl Amend
1954-55 Kanalisation des ganzen Dorfes und Asphaltierung der Dorfstraßen.
1959 Erschließung des Baugebietes Forst.
1960 Bau des neuen Lagerhauses der Raiffeisenkasse und Ausbau der Straße zum Friedhof. Nach dem Abriss des alten Feuerwehrhauses erfolgte der Bau eines neuen Feuerwehrhauses mit Schlauchtrockenturm. Die Bauarbeiten führte eine Steinfelder Firma aus. Bei der Bauabnahme wurde festgestellt, dass fast keine Fundamente vorhanden waren. Aus diesem Grund musste die Firma nachträglich das Mauerwerk untergraben und mit Backsteinen untermauern.1961 Bau einer Milchsammelstelle, einer Tiefkühlanlage und eines Waaghauses.
1963 Segnung der ersten Sporthalle am 29. und 30. Juni.
1965 Ausbau des Gemeindeverbindungsweges zwischen Wiesenfeld und Hausen zu einer Straße.
1965 Verkauf des letzten gemeindlichen Bullen mit einem Gewicht von 24 Zentnern. Von da an wurde die künstliche Besamung durchgeführt.
1966 Bau des Lehrerwohnhauses im Baugebiet „Forst"
1967 Innenrenovierung der Kirche mit Einbau von Heizung und neuen Bänken.
1967 Verkauf des letzten Kuhgespanns (zwei gelbe Franken) vom Schmiedemeister Martin Stamm. Damals gab es noch ca. 130 Milchkühe im Dorf. Sie wurden nicht mehr eingespannt. Die tägliche Milchleistung von ca. 500 Liter wurde an der Milchsammelstelle abgeliefert.
6.Oktober 1968: Großes Erntedankfest aller Ortsvereine. | <urn:uuid:8a574e05-2568-4ffa-919a-1129437f91f7> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/deu_Latn/train | finepdfs | deu_Latn | 9,722 |
Körting-Supra-Selector 38, SB 4347 W
I. ZF-Abgleich
470 kHz
Meßsender an Gitter der Mischöhre; Kabelabschirmung direkt an Masse. Bandbreiten schalter auf schmal.
II. ZF-Wellenfalle
470 kHz
Meßsender über künstl. Antenne an Antennenbuchse und Erde; Skalenzeiger auf 540 kHz.
Wellenfallen-Trimmer auf Minimum (Wellenfallen-Trimmer liegt an der Gestell-Rückwand)
III. MW-Abgleich
1300, 900 und 600 kHz
Meßsender und Empfänger auf 1300 kHz: Trimmer 5, 11 und 17
Meßsender und Empfänger auf 600 kHz: Trimmer 1, 2, 3, 4
Meßsender und Empfänger auf 900 kHz: Trimmer 26, 12 und 8
IV. LW-Abgleich
300 und 200 kHz
Meßsender und Empfänger auf 300 kHz: Trimmer 19, 13 und 10
Meßsender und Empfänger auf 200 kHz: Trimmer 21 und 15
V. KW-Abgleich
21, 9 und 3 MHz
Meßsender und Empfänger auf 21 MHz: Trimmer 23 und 6
Meßsender und Empfänger auf 9 MHz: Eisenkerne bzw. Trimmer 22, 7, 20
Meßsender und Empfänger auf 3 MHz: Eisenkerne 21 und 15
Siebenkreis-Vierröhren-Superhetempfänger
Körting-Supra-Selector 38, SB 4347 GW für Wechselstrom
Der Empfänger ist als Körting-Supra-Selector 38, SB 4347 GW auch für Allstrom erschienen (siehe besonderes Schaltungsblatt)
**Prinzip:** Vierröhren-Superhet mit Eingangs-Bandfilter, Oszillatorkreis und zwei je zweikreisigen ZF-Bandfiltern
**Wellenbereiche:** 13—33 m (22—9 MHz), 33—100 m (9—3 MHz), 200—580 m (1500—520 kHz), 750—2000 m (380—150 kHz)
**Kreiszahl:** 7, davon 4 im ZF-Teil
**Schaltung:** Induktive Ankopplung der Antenne an den 1. Kreis des Eingangs-Bandfilters, das am Sechspolsystem der Drei- pol-Sechspol-Mischröhre angeordnet ist; am Gitter des Dreipolsystems liegt der von der Anode her erregte Oszillatorkreis. Über das 1. ZF-Bandfilter folgt die ZF-Stufe mit Fünfpol-Regelröhre (HF-Exponential-Pentode), über das 2. ZF-Bandfilter der Empfangsgleichrichter in Form einer Doppel-Zweipolröhre (Duo-Diode). An sie ist der zweistufige Widerstandsgekoppelte NF-Verstärker angeschlossen, der in beiden Stufen Fünfpolröhren aufweist.
**Zwischenfrequenz:** 470 kHz = 639 m
**Lautstärkeregelung:** Selbsttätig durch Beeinflussung der 1. bis 3. Röhre; von Hand durch Regelung der dem NF-Teil zugeführten Wechselspannung
**Klangfarbeneinstellung:** Stetig veränderlich durch Drehkondensator am Gitter der Endröhre
**Bandbreitenregelung:** Durch Kopplungsänderung beim 1. ZF-Bandfilter
**Sichtbare Abstimmung:** Durch Glimmröhre
**Endleistung:** (4) Watt
**Röhrenbestückung:**
- I ACH 1 AF 3
- II A 3
- III AB 2 AF 3
- IV AL 4
- G Glimmröhren:
- DR 9765/6
- AZ 1
- 11551/1
**Skalenlampen:** 5 Stück 4 Volt, 0,3 Amp., Kugelform, matt
**Sicherungen:** Je 1 Stück = 100 und 2000 mA; Größe: 30×7 mm
**Netzspannungen:** 110, 125, 150, 220, 240 Volt
**Leistungverbrauch:** 70 Watt
**Verschiedenes:** Eingebaute fremderregter dynamischer Lautsprecher; Anschluß für zweiten Lautsprecher Impedanz 2000 Ω
**Hersteller:** Dr. Dietz & Ritter G. m. b. H., Leipzig O 27
**Baujahr:** 1937/38
---
### Spannungen
| Spannung am 2. Kondensator: 225—240 Volt | Weitere Daten waren nicht mehr zu ermitteln |
|------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
| **Spannungen in Volt** | |
| **Röhre I** | |
| **Röhre II** | |
| **Röhre III** | |
| **Röhre IV** | |
| **ACH 1** | |
| **AF 3** | |
| **AF 3** | |
| **AL 4** | |
| **Anodenspannung** | |
| **Spannung am 1. Gitter (Steuergitter)** | |
| **Spannung am 2. " (Schirmgitter)** | |
| **" an der Hilfssender-Anode** | |
| 225...245 | |
| −1,8...2,0 | |
| 80...100 | |
| 140...155 | |
| 130...150 | |
| −1,8...2,0 | |
| 65...80 | |
| 35...60 | |
| −1,8...2,0 | |
| 30...40 | |
| 215...240 | |
| −5...7 | |
| 225...240 | |
1) Bei geschlossenem Schalter 3 = 50 ... 70 Volt
Sämtliche Spannungen sind gegen Masse gemessen. — Spannungen gemessen mit Voltmeter 1000 Ω/Volt, Meßbereich 500 Volt
Körting »Supra-Selector 38«
SB 4347 W u. GW.
Bei einem Nachgleichen sind die Trimmer und Eisenkerne in der angegebenen Reihenfolge, so lang nachzustellen, bis maximale Lautstärke erreicht ist.
ZF-Abgleich SB 4347 W u. GW
ZF-Kabel an das Gitter der ACH1 (Ck1) legen. Kabel-Abschirmung direkt ans Chassis legen (470 kHz).
ZF abgleichen durch mehrmaliges Nachtrimmen von C42/43 im ZT1 und C46/47 im ZT2. Der Bandbreiten-Schalter muß dabei stets auf Schmalband stehen. Wellenfälle einstellen. ZF (470 kHz) über Kunstentenne an Antennenbuchse und Erde legen. Abstimnzeiger auf 540 kHz einstellen. Trimmer der Wellenfälle an der Chassis-Rückwand einstellen bis Lautstärke-Minimum.
| Teil | Benennung | Lager-Nr. | Brutto-Preis je Stück |
|------|-----------|-----------|-----------------------|
| 82/84/85 | Kohlewiderstand 100 Ohm, 1/4 Watt | DR 10901 | —.30 |
| 86 | Kohlewiderstand 200 Ohm, 1/4 Watt | DR 11202 | —.30 |
| 87 | Kohlewiderstand 170 Ohm, 1/2 Watt | DR 12174 | —.30 |
| 88/89 | Kohlewiderstand 1 KOhm, 1/4 Watt | DR 10903 | —.30 |
| 90 | Kohlewiderstand 2 KOhm, 1/2 Watt | DR 9249 | —.30 |
| 91 | Kohlewiderstand 5 KOhm, 1/4 Watt | DR 10905 | —.30 |
| 92/93 | Kohlewiderstand 20 KOhm, 1/4 Watt | DR 10905 | —.30 |
| 94/95 | Kohlewiderstand 50 KOhm, 1/4 Watt | DR 10906 | —.30 |
| 83/96/97/98 | Kohlewiderstand 100 KOhm, 1/4 Watt | DR 10917 | —.30 |
| 99 | Kohlewiderstand 200 KOhm, 1/4 Watt | DR 10907 | —.30 |
| 100 | Kohlewiderstand 200 KOhm, 1/2 Watt | DR 9261 | —.30 |
| 101 | Kohlewiderstand 300 KOhm, 1/4 Watt | DR 10908 | —.30 |
| 102 | Kohlewiderstand 500 KOhm, 1/4 Watt | DR 10909 | —.30 |
| 103 | Kohlewiderstand 800 KOhm, 1/4 Watt | DR 10919 | —.30 |
| 104/105/106/107 | Kohlewiderstand 1 MOhm, 1/4 Watt | DR 10910 | —.30 |
| 108 | Kohlewiderstand 2 MOhm, 1/4 Watt | DR 10912 | —.30 |
| 109 | Kohlewiderstand 15 KOhm, 1/2 Watt | DR 9253 | —.30 |
| 110 | Kohlewiderstand 20 KOhm, 1 Watt | DR 9272 | —.45 |
| 111 | Kohlewiderstand 15 KOhm, 1 Watt | DR 9271 | —.45 |
| 112 | Kohlewiderstand 20 KOhm, 1 Watt | DR 9272 | —.45 |
| 113 | Kohlewiderstand 60 KOhm, 1 Watt | DR 10528 | —.45 |
| 114 | Kohlewiderstand 20 KOhm, 2 Watt | DR 11201 | —.85 |
| 115 | Kohlewiderstand 30 KOhm, 2 Watt | DR 9280 | —.85 |
| 116 | Kordelwiderstand 5 KOhm, 3 Watt | DR 12180 | —.25 |
| 120 | Brummpotentiometer 50 Ohm | DR 8613/1 | —.75 |
| 121 | Potentiometer 15 KOhm, arithm. | DR 9759/2 | 1.20 |
| 122 | Lautstärkeregler mit Quecksilberkontakten, 1 MOhm log. | DR 10714/3 | 3.75 |
b) Kondensatoren
| Teil | Benennung | Lager-Nr. | Brutto-Preis |
|------|-----------|-----------|--------------|
| 1/2/3 | Dreifach-Drehkondensator | DR 11593 | 20.80 |
| | komplett montiert auf Spulenbühne, mit Wellenschalter Beleuchtungsumschalter | DR 11550 | 129.— |
| | Grob- und Feintrieb | DR 8405 | |
| | DR 11557 | |
| 49 | Festkondensator 0,5 cm | DR 9835/1 | —.70 |
| 50 | Festkondensator 50 pF | DR 10628 | —.35 |
| Teil | Bezeichnung | Lager-Nr. | Brutto-Preis je Stück |
|------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|-----------------------|
| HT 2 | Hochfrequenztransformatoreinheit nach WV: KB 7-10, komplett enthaltend: | DR 11742 | 17.60 |
| | Teil 13, 14, 17, 18: Spulen | | |
| | Teil 15, 16: Doppeltrimmer | | |
| | Teil 19: Einfachtrimmer | | |
| | Teil 59: Festkondensator 20 Tcm | | |
| | Teil 60: Festkondensator 30 Tcm | | |
| OT | HF-Oszillatoreinheit nach WV: KB 16-23, komplett enthaltend: | DR 11744 | 31.45 |
| | Teil 22-29: Spulen | | |
| | Teil 30, 31: Doppeltrimmer | | |
| | Teil 32, 33: Doppeltrimmer | | |
| | Teil 34, 35: Einfachtrimmer | | |
| | Teil 36: Glimmer-Wannenkondensator | | |
| | Teil 37: Glimmer-Wannenkondensator | | |
| | Teil 38: Glimmer-Wannenkondensator | | |
| 39 | Hochfrequenzdrossel nach WV: KB 30 | DR 10921 | 3.80 |
| ZT 1 | Zwischenfrequenztransformator nach WV: KB 24-25, komplett enthaltend: | DR 10805 | 15.50 |
| | Teil 40, 41: Spulen | | |
| | Teil 42, 43: Einfachtrimmer | | |
| ZT 2 | Zwischenfrequenztransformator nach WV: KB 26-27, komplett enthaltend: | DR 11745 | 10.50 |
| | Teil 44, 45: Spulen | | |
| | Teil 46, 47: Einfachtrimmer | | |
| | Zwischenfrequenzfalle nach WV: KB 11, komplett enthaltend: | DR 8747d | 3.85 |
| | Teil 20: Spule | | |
| | Teil 21: Quetschtrimmer | | |
| d) Sicherungen und Beleuchtung | | |
| Si 1 | Primärsicherung 2 Amp., Nennstrom | DR 10622 | -25 |
| Si 2 | Sekundärsicherung 100 mA, Nennstrom | DR 10613 | -25 |
| VIII | Glimmlampenindikator | DR 9765/6 | 2.95 |
| | 5 Lämpchen, 4 Volt, 0,3 Amp. | DR 7139/17| -30 |
| | Stabilisator | 11551/1 | 3.65 |
Höchstrabatt 25%
| Teil | Benennung | Lager-Nr. | Brutto-Preis je Stück |
|------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------|-----------------------|
| | **e) Mechanische Bauteile** | | |
| | Kugeltrieb mit Bock | DR 11557 | 28.60 |
| | Holzgehäuse ohne Rückwand, ohne Schallwand, mit Holzrahmen und Bespannung | DR 11445 | 49.40 |
| | Rückwand | DR 11445/W | 1.75 |
| | Rückwandverschlüsse | DR 11827 | -0.02 |
| | Filzstreifen für Skalenanlage | DR 7747/64 | -0.04 |
| | Filzstreifen für Gehäuseboden | DR 7747/4 | -0.07 |
| | Bespannung 510×240 | Bav. 1487A | 2.25 |
| | Drehknopf, groß | DR 10739a | -0.70 |
| | Drehknopf, groß | DR 10739b | -0.70 |
| | Drehknopf, klein, für Trieb- und Universalschalter | DR 10738 | -0.65 |
| | Drehknopf, klein, für Tonblende | DR 10741 | -0.70 |
| | Knebelknopf | DR 10736 | -0.75 |
| | Filzscheibe für 10739a | DR 7436/17 | -0.03 |
| | Filzscheibe für 10741 | DR 7436/26 | -0.03 |
| | Filzscheibe für 10736 | DR 7436/25 | -0.03 |
| | Anschlußplatte für 2. Lautsprecher | DR 391/369 | -0.40 |
| | Antennenbuchse (Erde) | DR 11712 | -0.95 |
| | Röhrenfassung 8 polig | DR 9638 | -0.30 |
| | Röhrenfassung 5 polig | DR 9635 | -0.30 |
| | Netzleitung mit Stecker | DR 6968f | -0.90 |
| | Beleuchtungsschalter | DR 8405 | 3.15 |
| | Skala | DR 11635 | 3.15 |
| | Glasscheibe | DR 9515/12 | -0.50 |
| | Friktionsscheibe | DR 11552/19-34 | 5.70 |
| | Glimmlampenhalter ohne Potentiometer | DR 10468 | 1.50 |
| | Glimmlampenhalter | DR 10468 | |
| | mit Potentiometer | DR 9759/2 | 3.10 |
| | Triebseil 8658/9 mit Feder | DR 8703/6 | -0.45 |
| | Nockenwelle für Bandbreitenregler | DR 11723/10 | 1.20 |
| | Bandbreitenzeiger | DR 11556/30 | -0.30 |
Körting-Supra-Selector 38 SB 4347 GW
4 Röhren
7 Kreise
S-GW
Mischstufe CK1
ZF-Stufe CF3
Empfangsgleichr. CB2
NF-Stufe CF3
Endstufe CL4
LA
500 cm
0,6 cm
5 cm
0,6 cm
10,000 cm
2 µF
A
A
A
A
Δ = 300 V =
Y = 250 V
λ = 200 V
□ = 60 V =
■ = 8 V =
ε = 8 µF =
Alle nicht näher berechneten Kondensatoren = 1500 V ~ Prüfspannung.
Siebenkreis-Vierröhren-Superhetempfänger
Körting-Supra-Selector 38, SB 4347 GW für Allstrom
Der Empfänger ist als Körting-Supra-Selector 38, SB 4347 W auch für Wechselstrom erschienen (siehe besonderes Schaltungsblatt)
Prinzip: Vierröhren-Superhet mit Eingangs-Bandfilter und Oszillatorkreis und zwei je zweikreisigen ZF-Bandfiltern
Wellenbereiche: 13—33 m (22—9 MHz), 33—100 m (9—3 MHz), 750—2000 m (380—150 kHz)
Kreiszahl: 7, davon 4 im ZF-Teil
Schaltung: Induktiv-kapazitive Antennenankopplung. ZF-Sangkreis zwischen Antenne und Erde. HF-Bandfilter am Eingang geht an das 4. Gitter der Achtpol-Mischröhre (Oxthode); an ihrem 1. Gitter liegt der Oszillatorkreis. Über das 1. ZF-Bandfilter folgt die ZF-Verstärkerstufe mit Fünfpol-Regelröhre (HF-Exponential-Penthode), über das 2. ZF-Bandfilter der Empfangsgleichrichter, eine Doppel-Zweipolröhre (Duo-Diode), die außerdem die Regelgleichspannung für den Schwundausgleich liefert. Es folgt die 1. NF-Stufe mit einer Fünfpol-Regelröhre (HF-Exponential-Penthode), die als Vierpolröhre (Tetrode) geschaltet ist; an sie ist über eine CW-Kopplung die Fünfpol-Endröhre (End-Penthode) angeschlossen. Als Abstimmanzeiger dient ein Glimmrohr hinter der ZE-Stufe.
Zwischenfrequenz: 470 kHz = 638,3 m
Lautstärkeregelung: Selbsttätig durch Beeinflussung der Mischröhre.
Anodenspannung in Volt
| Spannungen in Volt | Röhre I | Röhre II | Röhre III | Röhre IV |
|-------------------|---------|----------|-----------|----------|
| | CK 1 | CF 3 | CF 3 | CL 4 |
| Anodenspannung | 180...200 | 180...200 | 40...60 | 180...200 |
| Spannung am Steuergitter | -1,8...2 | -1,2...2 | -1...1,5 | -5...8 |
| " am Schirmgitter | 80...100 | 95...105 | 20...30 | 180...205 |
1) 120—140 Volt bei 1 cm Glimmstrecke der Leuchtröhre. Gegen Masse gemessen mit Voltmeter 1000 Ω je Volt | <urn:uuid:f1a86800-a68a-4747-bdf8-ebe8d4893532> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/deu_Latn/train | finepdfs | deu_Latn | 18,700 |
| July 2019 | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | T | W | TH | F |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 |
| 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
| August 2019 | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | T | W | TH | F |
| | | | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
| 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 |
| 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| September 2019 | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | T | W | TH | F |
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 |
| 30 | | | | |
| October 2019 | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | T | W | TH | F |
| | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
| 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
| 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
| M | T | W | TH | F |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| | | | | 1 |
| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 |
December 2019
MTW TH
2
9
16
23
30
180
182
3
10
17
24
31
4
11
18
5
12
19
25 26
Student Days
Teacher Days
F
6
13
20
27
Mohawk Valley School District #17
Student Calendar 2019-2020
January 2020
M
6
13
20
7
14
21
T W TH
1
8
15
22
2
9
16
23
F
3
10
17
24
27 28 29 30 31
| February 2020 | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | T | W | TH | F |
| 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 |
| M | T | W | TH |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 |
| 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
| 30 | 31 | | |
| April 2020 | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | T | W | TH | F |
| | | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
| 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| M | T | W | TH |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 |
APPROVED: 2/12/2019
1/1-1/3 - Winter Break
1/6- Back to School
1/20 - Civil Right's Day
1/21 - 100th Day
19
2/5 - NO SCHOOL In-service
2/12 - P/T Conferences
2/17 - President's Day
18
10/6 - 3rd Grading Period (42)
3/30-3/31 - Spring Break
20
4/1-4/3 - Spring Break
4/10 - Good Friday
18
5/21 - 8th Grade Promotion
5/22 - Last Day of School
5/22 - 4th Grading Period (48)
16
| June 2020 | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | T | W | TH | F |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 |
| 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
| 29 | 30 | | | |
0
Indicates 1:00 pm Early Release
Indicates 10:00 am Dismissal
0
8/5-8/6 - Staff In-Service
8/7 - First Day of School
8/14 - Open House
18
9/2 - Labor Day
9/25 - P/T Conferences
20
10/2 - 40th Day
10/4 - 1st Grading Period (42)
10/9 - NO SCHOOL In-service
10/14 - Columbus Day
21
11/11 - Veteran's Day
11/25-11/29 - Thanksgiving
15
12/6 - 2nd Grading Period (47)
12/23-12/31 - Winter Break
15 | <urn:uuid:c625496d-d99a-49c7-9d66-05398b2ac2d3> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 2,864 |
5. oszt.
Név
Erdélyi Kata
Kód
526
Terem
122
Kerület
5
Iskola
Szt. István Ált. Isk.
Felkészít
ő
Péterffyné Kalla Zita
1
2
3
4
5
összesenHelyezés
10
10
10
7
10
47
1
Joó Marcell Bálint
538
121
19
Kispesti Gábor Áron Ált. Isk.
Horváthné Farkas Ildikó
2
3
4
5
5
7
7
9
9 | <urn:uuid:16d6e58c-d829-4610-a0f3-f7dd255b5d2c> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/hun_Latn/train | finepdfs | hun_Latn | 305 |
FOR LEASE
CRU & Restaurant Opportunities 317 Sakitawaw Trail, Fort McMurray, Alberta
NEW DEVELOPMENT
Restaurant And Retail Opportunities
Locator Map
Property Highlights
* Up to 7,200 sq. ft. of restaurant space and other retail opportunities available
* Excellent location with average traffic count of 23,710 vehicles per day (2015) on Highway 63
* "Microtel Inn & Suites by Wyndham" with 139 rooms is now open
* A Marriott Branded Hotel with 95 rooms is currently under construction in the adjacent lot, which is expected to be be completed by Fall 2018
* 234 guest rooms directly adjacent to the retail opportunity with an average occupancy at 60% throughout the year
Karina Lopez
Brett Killips
Senior Associate 780 429 9393 firstname.lastname@example.org
Partner
780 702 2948
email@example.com
Gary Killips, B.Comm. Partner 780 917 8332 firstname.lastname@example.org
Suite 2700, TD Tower 10088 102 Avenue Edmonton, AB T5J 2Z1 www.cwedm.com
Cushman & Wakefield Edmonton is independently owned and operated / A Member of the Cushman & Wakefield Alliance. Cushman & Wakefield Copyright. No warranty or representation, express without notice, and to any special listing conditions imposed by the property owner(s). As applicable, we make no representation as to the condition of the property (or properties) in question.
or implied, is made to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein, and same is submitted subject to errors, omissions, change of price, rental or other conditions, withdrawal
September 14, 2018
FOR LEASE
CRU & Restaurant Opportunities 317 Sakitawaw Trail, Fort McMurray, Alberta
Site Plan
Karina Lopez Senior Associate 780 429 9393 email@example.com
Brett Killips Partner 780 702 2948 firstname.lastname@example.org
Suite 2700, TD Tower
10088 102 Avenue
Edmonton, AB T5J 2Z1
www.cwedm.com
Gary Killips, B.Comm. Partner 780 917 8332 email@example.com
Cushman & Wakefield Edmonton is independently owned and operated / A Member of the Cushman & Wakefield Alliance. Cushman & Wakefield Copyright. No warranty or representation, express without notice, and to any special listing conditions imposed by the property owner(s). As applicable, we make no representation as to the condition of the property (or properties) in question.
or implied, is made to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein, and same is submitted subject to errors, omissions, change of price, rental or other conditions, withdrawal
September 14, 2018
FOR LEASE
CRU & Restaurant Opportunities 317 Sakitawaw Trail, Fort McMurray, Alberta
Aerial Photo
Highway 63
Beaconhill Drive
Drive
Sakitawaw Trail
SITE
Gregoire
Karina Lopez
Brett Killips
Suite 2700, TD Tower
Gary Killips, B.Comm.
Senior Associate 780 429 9393 firstname.lastname@example.org
Partner
780 702 2948
10088 102 Avenue
Partner email@example.com
Edmonton, AB T5J 2Z1
780 917 8332
firstname.lastname@example.org www.cwedm.com
Cushman & Wakefield Edmonton is independently owned and operated / A Member of the Cushman & Wakefield Alliance. Cushman & Wakefield Copyright. No warranty or representation, express without notice, and to any special listing conditions imposed by the property owner(s). As applicable, we make no representation as to the condition of the property (or properties) in question.
or implied, is made to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein, and same is submitted subject to errors, omissions, change of price, rental or other conditions, withdrawal
September 14, 2018
FOR LEASE
CRU & Restaurant Opportunities 317 Sakitawaw Trail, Fort McMurray, Alberta
Demographics
Karina Lopez
Brett Killips
Suite 2700, TD Tower
Gary Killips, B.Comm.
Senior Associate
Partner
Partner
780 429 9393
780 702 2948
10088 102 Avenue email@example.com
Edmonton, AB T5J 2Z1
780 917 8332
firstname.lastname@example.org www.cwedm.com
email@example.com
Cushman & Wakefield Edmonton is independently owned and operated / A Member of the Cushman & Wakefield Alliance. Cushman & Wakefield Copyright. No warranty or representation, express without notice, and to any special listing conditions imposed by the property owner(s). As applicable, we make no representation as to the condition of the property (or properties) in question.
or implied, is made to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein, and same is submitted subject to errors, omissions, change of price, rental or other conditions, withdrawal
September 14, 2018 | <urn:uuid:fca7d416-6f03-4592-a96c-2e3323662fe1> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 4,544 |
Press release 28 September 2018
Bygghemma Group establishes its own distribution network in Sweden and completes integration of Furniturebox
Bygghemma Group First AB (publ) ("Bygghemma") has decided to establish its own distribution network for last-mile deliveries within its Home Furnishing business area in Sweden. The company's distribution is currently managed by a third party. Under the new model, which has recently been tested successfully in the Stockholm area, approximately 70 percent of products sold will be delivered to the homes of end customers within two days of being ordered.
The last-mile model will allow Bygghemma to establish a distribution network using its own trained drivers, with whom customers will be able to maintain ongoing contact while also having the possibility to digitally track their deliveries minute by minute, all the way to their door. Customers will also be offered evening and weekend deliveries as well as carry-in, removal and assembly services.
"Our service and proximity to our customers are important competitive advantages and we have now reached a size that makes it possible to take this step. We are the largest online supplier of furniture and home furnishings in the Nordic region and have achieved sufficient volumes to offer our own lastmile delivery service more cost efficiently and with a much higher service level than would be possible through a third party. This model allows us to offer our customers faster, more secure and fully flexible delivery. This investment is also important given that costs among established shipping agents have increased significantly since July 2018 due to new invoicing models and given the challenges involved in handling the types of bulky, fragile products we sell," says Mikael Olander.
As part of the investment, Bygghemma will also establish a comprehensive network of pick-up terminals offering generous opening hours for customers who prefer to pick up their products themselves.
In order to fully integrate Furniturebox and streamline its distribution, Bygghemma is also expanding its central warehouse in Helsingborg to comprise 50,000 square metres of high bay storage, with the option to add an additional 20,000 square metres. This expansion entails that three of the company's current warehouse premises will be closed down, enabling simpler, more efficient handling and lower costs.
The move to the central warehouse in Helsingborg, the expansion to 50,000 square metres of high bay storage and the integration of Furniturebox are expected to be completed in late October 2018. The network of pick-up terminals will be established in the first half of 2019 and the network of drivers is expected to be fully up and running by the end of 2019.
The cost for the move to the central warehouse, including the remaining costs for the integration of Furniturebox, the establishment of pick-up terminals and the expansion of the driver network is expected to amount to approximately SEK 35 million. SEK 13 million will be charged to the third quarter of 2018, of which SEK 10 million will be attributable to the integration of Furniturebox during the quarter, compared with the previously expected amount of SEK 1 to 2 million. SEK 7 million is expected to be charged to the fourth quarter of 2018 and SEK 15 million to 2019.
For more information, please contact:
Mikael Olander, President and CEO of Bygghemma Group
Tel: +46 708-19 43 00
E-mail: email@example.com
Johan Hähnel, Head of Investor Relations
Tel: +46 (0)70 605 6334
E-mail:
firstname.lastname@example.org www.bygghemmagroup.com
This information is information that Bygghemma Group is obliged to make public pursuant to the EU Market Abuse Regulation. The information was submitted for publication, through the agency of the contact persons set out above, at 8:00 a.m. CEST on 28 September 2018.
About Bygghemma Group
Bygghemma Group is the leading online supplier of home improvement products in the Nordic region. We offer our customers a broad product range at attractive prices, with convenient home delivery. We conduct operations in two segments: DIY and Home Furnishing. DIY comprises sales of products from well-known brands for homes and gardens, and Home Furnishing comprises sales of furniture and home decor, mainly under proprietary brands. Bygghemma Group includes a wide range of webstores, such as Bygghemma, Trademax, Chilli and Furniturebox. Bygghemma Group had sales of approximately SEK 4.4 billion in 2017, has its head office in Malmö and is listed on Nasdaq Stockholm Mid Cap. | <urn:uuid:5572795e-df8c-41e5-a1c6-43fa916672a1> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 4,586 |
rate, compliance, or any other hearing held by the commission on the issuance, revocation, or reissuance of a certificate provided for in RCW 81.77.040.
Passed the House April 15, 1987.
Passed the Senate April 7, 1987.
Approved by the Governor May 1, 1987.
Filed in Office of Secretary of State May 1, 1987.
CHAPTER 240
[House Bill No. 310]
MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE—COLLISION AND COMPREHENSIVE COVERAGE SHALL OFFER DEBT AND REFINANCING COVERAGE
AN ACT Relating to motor vehicle insurance; adding a new section to chapter 48.22 RCW; and providing an effective date.
Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Washington:
NEW SECTION. Sec. 1. A new section is added to chapter 48.22 RCW to read as follows:
Every insurer that writes collision and comprehensive coverage for loss or damage to a motor vehicle shall provide, upon the insured's request, coverage that will pay, in the event of loss or damage, an amount sufficient to satisfy any outstanding indebtedness secured by and incurred in conjunction with the financing of the purchase of a new motor vehicle.
Nothing in this section prohibits an insurer from denying or excluding such coverage where the insured or someone acting on the insured's behalf acts in a fraudulent manner to obtain or file a claim under such coverage.
NEW SECTION. Sec. 2. The effective date of this act is January 1, 1988.
Passed the House April 20, 1987.
Passed the Senate April 9, 1987.
Approved by the Governor May 1, 1987.
Filed in Office of Secretary of State May 1, 1987.
CHAPTER 241
[House Bill No. 815]
STORM WATER CONTROL FACILITIES—DELINQUENT CHARGES—INTEREST, LIENS, OR FORECLOSURE
AN ACT Relating to interest rates, liens, and foreclosures for delinquent storm water control facility service charges; amending RCW 36.89.090; and adding new sections to chapter 36.89 RCW.
Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Washington: | <urn:uuid:63ef32f4-3cd4-40b2-a89e-353dfdcb2154> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 1,893 |
Turun Kirjatyöntekijäin Yhdistys ry.
Toimintakertomus vuodelta 2013
KERTOMUS TURUN KIRJATYÖNTEKIJÄIN YHDISTYKSEN TOIMINNASTA 123. TOIMIKAUDELTA VUODELTA 2013
YHDISTYKSEN HALLINTO
Puheenjohtaja:
Yhdistyksen syyskokouksessa 5.11.2012 valittiin puheenjohtajaksi vuodelle 2013 Mikael Kaartoaho.
Mikael Kaartoaho erosi puheenjohtajan tehtävästä 8.10.2013, loppuvuoden 2013 puheenjohtajana toimi varapuheenjohtaja Jarmo
Leppänen.
Hallitus:
Yhdistyksen syyskokouksessa 5.11.2012 valittiin hallituksen jäseniksi vuosiksi 2013-2014 seuraavat henkilöt:
Ville Härmä
Riitta Liukkonen
Arja Tervakoski
Juhani Vesanen
Yleisvarajäseniksi:
Kimmo Teinilä
Harry Fröberg
Ari Raita, vars. jäseneksi 8.10.2013
Hallituksessa jatkavat (erovuorossa vuonna 2014):
Päivi Laaksonen
Jarmo Leppänen
Satu Toimio
Jouni Kankare
Toiminnantarkastajat:
Toiminnantarkastajiksi syyskokous valitsi: Helena Reinikainen ja Risto Rihko.
Varatoiminnantarkastajat:
Juhani Lento ja Arja Stenström.
Varapuheenjohtaja:
Hallituksen keskuudestaan valitsemana varapuheenjohtajana on toiminut Jarmo Leppänen.
Sihteerit:
Yhdistyksen sihteerinä on toiminut Riitta Liukkonen.
Taloudenhoito:
Yhdistyksen taloudenhoitajana on toiminut Päivi Laaksonen ja kirjanpitäjänä Arja Tervakoski.
Nimenkirjoittajat:
Yhdistyksen sääntöjen mukaan nimenkirjoitusoikeus on puheenjohtajalla, sihteerillä ja taloudenhoitajalla.
Intiim-lehden kirjeenvaihtaja
Intiim-lehden kirjeenvaihtajana on toiminut Mikael Kaartoaho ja Päivi Laaksonen.
Rantalan isäntä ja Rantala-toimikunta
Rantalan isäntänä on toiminut Jari Sunila. Rantala-toimikuntaan ovat kuuluneet Riitta Liukkonen (sihteeri), Ari Ihamäki ja Jouni Martiskainen
Rantalan kehittämisjaosto
Rantalan kehittämisjaoston muodostavat Rantala-toimikunta sekä yhdistyksen puheenjohtaja ja taloudenhoitaja.
Lipunkantajat:
Yhdistyksen lipunkantajina ovat toimineet Jouni Kankare ja Jarmo Leppänen.
JAOSTOT, KERHOT JA MUUT TOIMIKUNNAT
Nuorisojaosto:
TKY:n nuoret, puheenjohtajana Erno Savolainen. Vuoden tapahtumat aloitettiin jääkiekko-ottelun seuraamisella Turun HK-Areenalla. Keväällä oli Brahenkadun toimistolla iltamat, jossa pelattiin mm. Texas holdemia. Keskikesällä osallistuttiin isolla porukalla perinteiseen Ruisrockiin. Syksyllä käytiin jälleen katsomassa jääkiekko-ottelua.
Kerhot:
Eläkeläisten Kerho, Naiseläkeläisten Kerho ja Painajain Kerho
Eläkeläisten Kerho
Kerhon puheenjohtajana on toiminut Heikki Liukkonen. Kerho kokoontui joka toinen torstai, osallistujia keskimäärin 18 henkilöä, vuoden aikana kokoonnuimme 15 kertaa. Osallistuimme TKY:n Vappubrunssiin, Piknikristeily, Linnateatteri Rempallaan-näytelmä, kevätretki Rantalaan sekä tietysti perinteinen joulujuhlamme Ravintola Ranta-Kertussa, jossa paikalla 28 henkilöä.
Naiseläkeläisten Kerho
Kerhon puheenjohtajana on toiminut Heli Niemelä. Kerho on kokoontunut vuoden aikana 15 kertaa, kerhopäivinä koolla keskiimäärin 20 kerholaista. Monenlaista toimintaa ollut vuoden aikana risteilyjä Isabella laivalla, laskiaistiistaina hernekeitolla Honkapirtillä, kesäretki Hiidenlinnaan, Nostalgiamuseo, Linnatatteri Miniä-näytelmä, Osuuspankista Katariina Hänninen kertomassa pankkiasioista sekä jouluruokailu RantaKertussa.
Painajain Kerho
Kerhon puheenjohtajana toiminut Ari Raita, varapuheenjohtajana Markku Gröndahl, sihteerinä Jukka Hakamäki ja varasihteerinä Ari Suominen. Muu toimikunta: Ville Mikkonen, Ari Toimio, Jan Karhu ja Ville Härmä. Kerhon jäsenmaksu 10 euroa. Vuosikokous pidettiin TKY:n toimistolla 7.12.2013.
KOKOUSTOIMINTA
Kevätkokous:
Yhdistyksen kevätkokous pidettiin 9.4.2013 yhdistyksen toimistolla Brahenkatu 7 B 34. Kokouksessa käsiteltiin ja hyväksyttiin tilikertomus ja vahvistettiin tilinpäätös, kuultiin toiminnantarkastajien lausunto yhdistyksen tileistä vuodelta 2012 sekä myönnettiin tili- ja vastuuvapaus tilivelvollisille vuodelta 2012.
Syyskokous:
Yhdistyksen syyskokous pidettiin 1.12.2013 yhdistyksen toimistossa. Kokouksessa oli paikalla 17 yhdistyksen jäsentä.
Syyskokouksessa valittiin yhdistyksen puheenjohtaja vuodelle 2014 ja hallituksen jäsenet vuosiksi 2014-2015. Kaikki valinnat tehtiin yksimielisesti.
Yhdistyksen puheenjohtajaksi vuodelle 2014 valittiin Jarmo Leppänen.
Yhdistyksen hallituksen jäseniksi vuosiksi 2014-2015 valittiin seuraavat henkilöt:
Jouni Kankare, Mikael Kaartoaho, Päivi Laaksonen ja Ari Raita.
Yleisvarajäseniksi hallitukseen vuosiksi 2014-2015 valittiin: Veli-Matti Niittymäki.
Hallituksessa jatkavat (erovuorossa vuonna 2015):
Riitta Liukkonen, Arja Tervakoski, Juhani Vesanen, Ville Härmä.
Yhdistyksen toiminnantarkastajiksi vuodelle 2014 valittiin Helena Reinikainen ja Risto Rihko.
Varatoiminnantarkastajiksi valittiin Juhani Lento ja Arja Stenström.
Syyskokous valtuutti yhdistyksen hallituksen suorittamaan toimihenkilöiden valinnat.
Jäsenkokoukset:
Ehdokasasettelukokous pidettiin 22.10.2013 yhdistyksen toimistolla.
Hallituksen kokoukset:
Vuoden 2013 hallitus kokoontui kertomusvuoden aikana 11 kertaa.
Hallituksen jäsenet osallistuivat kokouksiin seuraavasti:
11 kertaa: Jouni Kankare, Riitta Liukkonen
10 kertaa: Mikael Kaartoaho, Päivi Laaksonen, Jarmo Leppänen
8 kertaa:, Arja Tervakoski
7 kertaa: Satu Toimio
5 kertaa: Ville Härmä
2 kertaa: Juhani Vesanen
1 kertaa: Erno Savolainen
Hallituksen käsittelemiä asioita:
Myllerrys painetussa viestinnässä jatkui edelleen vuonna 2013 ja sen vaikutukset graafiseen alaan olivat edelleen synkkiä myös ammattiosastomme alueella.
Irtisanomiset ja lomautukset ovat jatkuneet monissa painotalossa. Eikä merkkejä paremmasta ole havaittavissa ainakaan lähitulevaisuudessa. Lehtien arvonlisävero, sekä postin jakeluhintojen nousu ovat tuottaneet lisätuskaa monissa painotaloissa. Asiaa ei ole helpottanut joidenkin kustantajien tapa siirtää postitus Ahvenanmaalle ja näin välttää arvonlisävero.
Kuluneen vuoden aikana on myös tehty uusi työehtosopimus joka on yleisen linjan mukainen. Työaikakysymys joka on jo monta vuotta hiertänyt neuvotteluissa jäi edelleen ratkaisematta, jonka takia sopimus jäikin ehdolliseksi. Ehdollisuus tarkoittaa sitä, että ellei työaikakysymyksestä päästä yksimielisyyteen 2014 helmikuun loppuun mennessä on työnantajapuolella oikeus irtisanoa koko sopimus.
Ehdoton työrauhavelvoite ja välimiesoikeus ovat puhuttaneet monia ammattiosastoja kuluneen vuoden aikana.
Toimistolle olemme löytäneet vuokralaisia, jotka auttavat osaltaan toimiston kustannusten jakamisessa.
Toimintavuoden aikana oli ensimmäistä kertaa yhdistyksellä liiton kesäpäiville hyvä osanotto ja jopa oma sählyjoukkuekin, toivottavasti tämä suuntaus jatkuu.
URHEILU-, VIRKISTYS- JA MUU TOIMINTA
Perinteinen Vappubrunssi yhdistyksen toimistolla 1.5.2013. Osallistujia n. 200 henkilöä.
Länsirannikon tapaaminen Raumalla 15.6.2013
Kesäpäivät Turussa 24.-25.8.2013
Luottamusmiesten piknik 5.10.2013
TKY:n pikkujouluristeily 22.-23.11.2013
OPINTOTOIMINTA
Opintotoiminnasta on vastannut ammattiosaston puheenjohtaja sekä hallitus. Jäsenkoulutuksen lisäksi hallitus on kouluttanut itseään seminaarein ja koulutustilaisuuksin.
Kotisivukoulutus TSL tiloissa 21.9.2013 kouluttajana Team-liitosta Tarja Paajanen.
YHTEISTOIMINTA
Länsirannikon osastojen tapaaminen Raumalla 15.6.2013
KESÄKOTI RANTALA
Kesä sujui perinteiseen tapaan, virallisissa talkoissa tehtiin yhteensä 215 henkilötalkoopäivää, lisäksi varmaankin toinen mokoma sujui ylimääräisissä talkoissa ja vapaaehtoisissa puuhissa.
Kesän mittaan talkoilla mm. Ison saunan merenpuoleisen terassin lattia laatoitettiin ja pesuhuoneen suihkunurkkauksen seinät laatoitettiin ja tehtiin paikka siivousvälineille. Uusittiin joitakin putkia ja laitettiin lisää sulkuja. Rakennettiin yhdet portaat sekä uusi hiekkalaatikko, aloitettiin päätalon ikkunoitten kunnostusta.
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Informe técnico IN-005/2016
Incidente ocurrido a la aeronave Boeing 737-700, matrícula D-ABLB (operada por Germania Fluggesellschaft mbH) en la pista 03R del aeropuerto de Gran Canaria, el 7 de enero de 2016
Informe técnico
IN-005/2016
Incidente ocurrido a la aeronave Boeing 737-700, matrícula D-ABLB (operada por Germania Fluggesellschaft mbH) en la pista 03R del aeropuerto de Gran Canaria, el 7 de enero de 2016
Edita: Centro de Publicaciones
Secretaría General Técnica
Ministerio de Fomento ©
NIPO: 161-16-345-7
Depósito Legal: M-36289-2016
Diseño, maquetación e impresión: Centro de Publicaciones
COMISIÓN DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE ACCIDENTES E INCIDENTES DE AVIACIÓN CIVIL
Tel.: +34 91 597 89 63 E-mail: email@example.com C/ Fruela, 6
Fax: +34 91 463 55 35 http://www.ciaiac.es 28011 Madrid (España)
El presente informe es un documento técnico que refleja el punto de vista de la Comisión de Investigación de Accidentes e Incidentes de Aviación Civil en relación con las circunstancias en que se produjo el evento objeto de la investigación, con sus causas probables y con sus consecuencias.
De conformidad con lo señalado en el art. 5.4.1 del Anexo 13 al Convenio de Aviación Civil Internacional, y según lo dispuesto en los arts. 5.5 del Reglamento (UE) n.º 996/2010, del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 20 de octubre de 2010; el art.15 de la Ley 21/2003, de Seguridad Aérea y en los arts. 1, 4 y 21.2 del R.D. 389/1998, esta investigación tiene carácter exclusivamente técnico y se realiza con la finalidad de prevenir futuros accidentes e incidentes de aviación mediante la formulación, si procede, de recomendaciones que eviten su repetición. No se dirige a la determinación ni al establecimiento de culpa o responsabilidad alguna, sin prejuzgar la decisión que se pueda tomar en el ámbito judicial. Por consiguiente, y de acuerdo con las normas señaladas anteriormente la investigación ha sido efectuada a través de procedimientos que no necesariamente se someten a las garantías y derechos a los que deben someterse las pruebas en un proceso judicial.
Consecuentemente, el uso que se haga de este informe para cualquier propósito distinto al de la prevención de futuros accidentes puede derivar en conclusiones e interpretaciones erróneas.
Índice
1. Información sobre los hechos ................................................................. 1
1.1. Antecedentes de vuelo ........................................................................... 1
1.2. Lesiones personales ............................................................................... 1
1.3. Daños a la aeronave .............................................................................. 1
1.4. Otros daños ............................................................................................ 2
1.5. Información sobre el personal ............................................................... 2
1.5.1. Información sobre la tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129 ............. 2
1.5.2. Información sobre el personal de control ..................................... 2
1.6. Información sobre la aeronave ............................................................. 3
1.6.1. Información general de la aeronave D-ABL8 .................................. 3
1.6.2. Registro de mantenimiento de la aeronave D-ABL8 ....................... 3
1.7. Información meteorológica .................................................................... 3
1.8. Ayudas para la navegación .................................................................... 3
1.9. Comunicaciones .................................................................................... 3
1.10. Información de aeródromo ................................................................. 4
1.11. Registradores de vuelo ...................................................................... 5
1.12. Información sobre los restos de la aeronave siniestrada y el impacto .... 6
1.13. Información médica y patológica ...................................................... 6
1.14. Incendio ............................................................................................ 6
1.15. Aspectos relativos a la supervivencia ................................................ 6
1.16. Ensayos e investigaciones ................................................................. 7
1.16.1. Análisis realizado por el proveedor de servicios de tránsito aéreo (ENAIRE) ................................................................. 7
1.16.2. Análisis realizado por el gestor aeroportuario (AENA) .................. 9
1.17. Información sobre organización y gestión ............................................ 10
1.17.1. Comité Local de Seguridad en Pista .............................................. 10
1.17.2. Manual Operativo del Proveedor de Servicios de Navegación Aérea .......... 12
1.18. Información adicional .......................................................................... 13
1.18.1. Testimonio de la tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129 .................... 13
1.18.2. Testimonio del conductor del vehículo ........................................ 14
1.18.3. Testimonio del controlador ejecutivo de TWR GCLP posición de LCL .... 14
1.18.4. Testimonio del jefe de torre de control de GCLP .......................... 15
1.18.5. Informe jefe de servicio de energía y mantenimiento ..................... 16
1.18.6. Normativa y documentación relacionada con las barras de parada .... 16
1.19. Técnicas de investigación útiles o eficaces ........................................... 18
2. Análisis ........................................................................................................ 19
2.1. Generalidades ......................................................................................... 19
2.2. Aspectos relacionados con el relevo de controladores .......................... 19
2.3. Actuaciones del controlador .................................................................... 19
2.4. Actuaciones de la tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129 .......................... 21
2.5. Consideraciones referentes a la normativa relacionada con barras de parada .... 22
2.6. Conclusiones relativas al CLSP .............................................................. 23
3. Conclusiones ............................................................................................... 25
3.1. Constataciones ....................................................................................... 25
3.2. Causas/factores contribuyentes ............................................................. 26
4. Recomendaciones de seguridad operacional ............................................ 27
| Abreviatura | Explicación |
|------------|-------------|
| ACC | Area Control Center – Centro de Control de Área |
| AESA | Agencia Estatal de Seguridad Aérea |
| ATC | Air Traffic Control – Control de Tránsito Aéreo |
| ATIS | Automatic Terminal Information Service - Servicio automático de información terminal |
| ATS | Air Traffic Service – Servicio de Tránsito Aéreo |
| ATPL (A) | Airline Transport Pilot Licence - Licencia de Piloto de Línea Aérea |
| CIAIAC | Comisión de Investigación de Accidentes e Incidentes de Aviación Civil |
| CLSP | Comité Local de Seguridad en Pista |
| CPL(A) | Comercial Pilot Licence- Licencia de piloto comercial (avión) |
| CTA | Controlador de Tráfico Aéreo |
| CVR | Cockpit Voice Recorder- Registrador de Voces en Cabina |
| EAPPRI | European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions – Plan de Acción Europeo para la prevención de incursiones en pista |
| EASA | European Aviation Safety Agency – Agencia europea de seguridad Aérea |
| FDR | Flight Data Recorder |
| ft | Feet (s)-Pie(s) |
| GCLP | Indicativo OACI aeropuerto de Gran Canaria |
| GMC | Ground Movement Control – Control de movimiento en tierra |
| GS | Ground Speed – Velocidad respecto a tierra |
| h | Horas |
| Part-FCL | Requisitos de las licencias de la tripulación de vuelo |
| Kt | Kt(s)-Nudo(s) |
| LCL | Posición de control de Local |
| METAR | Informe meteorológico de aeropuerto |
| NOTAM | Notice to Airman – Información para pilotos |
| NPA | Notice Proposed Amendment – Notificación de enmienda propuesta |
| OACI | Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional |
| QAR | Quick Access Recorder – Registrador de acceso rápido |
| S/N | Serial Number - Número de Serie |
| TCP | Tripulante de Cabina de Pasajeros |
| TWR | Torre de control |
| UTC | Tiempo Universal Coordinado |
Sinopsis
Propietario y Operador: Germania Fluggesellschaft mbH
Aeronave: Boeing 737-700, matrícula D-ABLB
Fecha y hora del incidente: Jueves, 07 de enero de 2016, 14:46 horas\(^1\)
Lugar del incidente: Pista 03R del Aeropuerto de Gran Canaria
Personas a bordo en aeronave: 2 tripulantes técnicos, 3 tripulantes de cabina de pasajeros (TCPS) y 135 pasajeros, todos ileso
Tipo de vuelo aeronave: Transporte aéreo comercial Regular -Internacional- De pasajeros
Fecha de aprobación: 31 Mayo 2016
Resumen del incidente:
El día 7 de enero de 2016, la aeronave Boeing 737-700, matrícula D-ABLB e indicativo de llamada GMI6129, operada por Germania Fluggesellschaft mbH, se disponía a realizar un vuelo con origen el aeropuerto de Gran Canaria (GCLP) y destino Friedrichshafen (Alemania). La aeronave fue autorizada por el controlador de TWR GCLP en la posición de local (LCL) a cruzar la pista 03L y alinear y esperar en la 03R. La tripulación de la aeronave notificó que estaban encendidas las luces rojas de la barra de parada situada en S4. El controlador de LCL volvió a autorizar a la aeronave a alinear y esperar en la pista y, posteriormente a despegar.
En ese momento se estaban realizando unos trabajos topográficos en la pista 03R/21L, encontrándose un vehículo en la franja de dicha pista. Debido a eso, una vez la aeronave GMI6129 había iniciado la carrera de despegue desde la pista 03R, el controlador de LCL la instruyó a cancelar el despegue.
De la investigación se ha derivado que la causa más probable fue una pérdida de consciencia situacional del controlador, que instruyó erróneamente a la tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129 a entrar y posteriormente a despegar desde la pista 03R, a pesar de que conocía que estaba cerrada. La pérdida de consciencia situacional parece que se debió a que tenía centrada su atención en otra aeronave que había despegado con anterioridad y a la entrada en vigor de un procedimiento sobre recuperación de helicópteros que era complejo al requerir muchas coordinaciones.
\(^1\) La referencia horaria utilizada en este informe es la hora UTC salvo que se especifique expresamente lo contrario. Para obtener la hora local es necesario sumar 1 h a la hora UTC.
Se han detectado los siguientes factores contribuyentes:
- El controlador no detectó el error a pesar de que estaban implantadas las ayudas visuales en torre que indicaban que la pista estaba cerrada. Tampoco detectó visualmente la presencia del coche en la franja de la pista 03R, aunque a esto pudo contribuir, de acuerdo a la versión de la tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129 y del propio controlador, que el coche no tuviera encendidas las luces anticolisión.
- El controlador escuchó parcialmente una comunicación de la tripulación en la que notificó que la barra de parada estaba activa, sin embargo no solicitó la repetición de la comunicación e instruyó de nuevo a la aeronave a entrar y alinear en la pista 03R.
- La tripulación cruzó una barra de parada encendida, sin solicitar a ATC su apagado o sin tener información de que hubiera medidas de contingencia en curso por no poder apagarla. A esto pudo contribuir que la normativa referente a las barras de parada y los manuales que derivan de ella no son claros y específicos.
- La tripulación de la aeronave inició la carrera de despegue a pesar de que tuvieron contacto visual con el coche que estaba parado en la franja de la pista.
- No estaba implantada la medida mitigadora de colocar conos en el umbral de la pista cerrada temporalmente al no estar aprobado el acta de la reunión del Comité Local de Seguridad en Pista en la que fue propuesta.
Tras la investigación se ha considerado necesario emitir 2 recomendaciones de seguridad dirigidas al gestor aeroportuario ENAIRE y a OACI.
1. INFORMACIÓN SOBRE LOS HECHOS
1.1. Antecedentes de vuelo
El día 7 de enero de 2016 la aeronave B-737-700, matrícula D-ABLB, se disponía a realizar un vuelo con indicativo de llamada GMI6129 entre los aeropuertos de Gran Canaria y de Friedrichshafen (Alemania).
El aeropuerto de Gran Canaria estaba operando con pista única, ya que la pista 03R estaba cerrada temporalmente debido a que se estaban llevando a cabo unos trabajos topográficos. El cierre de la pista había sido notificado mediante la publicación de NOTAM.
A las 14:33:04 se produjo un relevo de controlador ejecutivo en la posición de local (LCL). Tanto el controlador como la tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129 conocían que la pista 03R estaba cerrada.
El controlador autorizó correctamente a la aeronave VKG5636 a entrar y alinear, y posteriormente a despegar desde la pista 03L. Unos segundos después, y tras contactar la aeronave GMI6129 en su frecuencia, la autorizó a cruzar la pista 03L y entrar y alinear en la pista 03R sin tener en cuenta que esta pista se encontraba cerrada.
Una vez la aeronave GMI6129 alcanzó la calle S4 para entrar en la pista 03R, la tripulación notificó que la barra de parada se encontraba encendida y detuvieron la aeronave. Seguidamente el controlador volvió a autorizar a la aeronave a entrar y alinear en la pista 03R. Dos minutos después el controlador autorizó a la aeronave GMI6129 a despegar. La aeronave inició la carrera de despegue y cuando había recorrido unos 270 metros fue instruida a cancelar el despegue.
1.2. Lesiones personales
| Lesiones | Tripulación | Pasajeros | Total en la aeronave | Otros |
|-------------------|-------------|-----------|----------------------|-------|
| Muertos | | | | |
| Lesionados graves | | | | |
| Lesionados leves | | | | No aplica |
| Ilesos | 2 + 3 | 135 | 140 | No aplica |
| TOTAL | 5 | 135 | 140 | |
1.3. Daño a la aeronave
La aeronave no sufrió daños, pudiendo realizar el vuelo con normalidad.
1.4. Otros daños
No se produjeron otros daños.
1.5. Información sobre el personal
1.5.1. Información sobre la tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129
El comandante de la aeronave GMI6129, de nacionalidad alemana y 36 años de edad, tenía licencia Part-FCL de Piloto de Transporte de Línea Aérea (ATPL(A)) con habilitación de tipo B737 300-900 válida y en vigor (hasta el 29 de febrero de 2016). Asimismo, contaba con certificado médico de clase 1 válido y en vigor hasta el 24 de septiembre de 2016 y clase 2 válido y en vigor hasta el 24 de septiembre de 2020. Su experiencia era de 6550 horas de vuelo, 6030 de las cuales eran en el tipo y 1550 como comandante.
El copiloto de la aeronave GMI6129, de nacionalidad holandesa y 26 años de edad, tenía licencia Part-FCL de Piloto Comercial (CPL(A)) con habilitación de tipo B737 300-900 válida y en vigor (hasta el 31 de marzo de 2016). Asimismo contaba con certificados médicos de clase 1 y 2 válidos y en vigor hasta el 10 de marzo de 2016. Su experiencia era de 1000 horas de vuelo, 650 de las cuales eran en el tipo.
1.5.2. Información sobre el personal de control
El controlador ejecutivo, de nacionalidad española y 38 años de edad, tenía la licencia de controlador de tránsito aéreo desde 2008 y ejercía las competencias de controlador aéreo en GCLP desde 2010. Disponía de las habilitaciones necesarias y anotaciones de unidad requeridas, válidas y en vigor hasta el 6 de octubre de 2016. Su competencia lingüística en inglés era de nivel 5, válida y en vigor hasta el 29 de junio de 2017. Contaba con el certificado médico clase 3 válido y en vigor hasta el 26 de marzo de 2015.
Había sido previamente controlador aéreo en la Torre de Control de El Hierro entre los años 2008 y 2010. Desde enero de 2013 ejercía labores de supervisor y desde septiembre de 2014 de instructor supervisor en GCLP.
El controlador realizó y superó 3 cursos de formación durante el 2015:
- Curso teórico de 6 horas cuyo contenido incluía modificaciones en la fraseología en el rodaje de aeronaves debido a incidentes, así como modificaciones en el Plan de Contingencia ATS.
- Curso teórico (2 horas) y simulador (2 horas) sobre emergencias y situaciones especiales en plataforma, y modificaciones al plan de contingencia ATS.
• Curso teórico de 4 horas de duración cuyo contenido incluía el análisis de incidentes de seguridad y EAPPRI (European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions – Plan de Acción Europeo para la prevención de incursiones en pista).
El día del incidente el controlador trabajó en el turno de tarde, y ocupó la posición de LCL al iniciar su jornada. De acuerdo a los datos facilitados por el proveedor de servicios esto fue a las 14:33:04 h. Los dos días previos al del incidente también trabajó en turno de tarde, realizando en uno de ellos las labores de supervisor.
1.6. Información sobre la aeronave
1.6.1. Información general de la aeronave D-ABLB
La aeronave de matrícula D-ABLB es un modelo BOEING 737-700 con número de serie 36115. Está equipada con dos motores tipo CFM56 -7B22 (S/N 896699 y S/N 896700). La aeronave tenía certificado de matrícula y de aeronavegabilidad válidos y en vigor.
1.6.2. Registro de mantenimiento de la aeronave D-ABLB
La última revisión que se le había realizado a la aeronave con anterioridad al incidente, fue el 17 de noviembre de 2015, teniendo en ese momento la aeronave 18.358 horas y 12.325 ciclos de vuelo.
1.7. Información meteorológica
De acuerdo al METAR publicado a las 14:30 h las condiciones de visibilidad eran buenas. Existía viento del este (090°) de 5 Kt, variable entre 040° y 130°. Había nubes dispersas a una altitud de 2500 ft y no se preveían cambios significativos.
1.8. Ayudas para la navegación
No aplicable.
1.9. Comunicaciones
Según la transcripción de las comunicaciones proporcionadas por el proveedor de servicios de tránsito aéreo, ENAIRE, la aeronave GMI6129 fue instruida por el controlador de GMC a proceder al punto de espera de la pista 03L y contactar en la frecuencia de LCL.
A las 14:39:51 el controlador ejecutivo de LCL autorizó a una aeronave (VKG5636) a alinear en la pista 03L, y a las 14:41:32 la autorizó a despegar. Seguidamente, a las 14:41:40 el controlador instruyó a la aeronave GMI6129 a cruzar la pista 03L y alinear y esperar en la pista 03R. La tripulación de la aeronave no contestó y a continuación el controlador repitió las instrucciones, colocando la tripulación en esta ocasión.
A las 14:42:54 el controlador de LCL comunicó en dos ocasiones a la aeronave VKG5636 que contactara en la frecuencia de despegues, sin que obtuviera contestación por parte de la tripulación.
A las 14:43:21 la tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129 indicó la existencia de una barra de parada encendida en S4. De acuerdo a la transcripción de comunicaciones proporcionada por ENAIRE, la comunicación se escuchó en la frecuencia de LCL, sin embargo en el canal del controlador se escuchó la comunicación de la aeronave VKG5636 “Departure, buenos días, VKG5636 heavy BIMBO5A”.
A las 14:43:33 el controlador de LCL volvió a instruir a la aeronave GMI6129 a alinear y esperar en la pista 03R, siendo colacionado por la tripulación.
A las 14:45:40 el controlador de LCL autorizó el despegue de la aeronave GMI6129 desde la pista 03R. Transcurridos 28 segundos, a las 14:46:08 el controlador de LCL instruyó a la aeronave GMI6129 a mantener posición y cancelar el despegue.
1.10. Información de aeródromo
El aeropuerto de Gran Canaria, indicativo OACI GCLP, está situado 19 Km al sur de la ciudad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. El aeropuerto cuenta con dos pistas de aterrizaje paralelas, 03L/21R y 03R/21L, ambas con dimensiones de 3100 metros de longitud por 45 metros de anchura.
El aeropuerto estaba operando en configuración norte, que es la preferente, utilizando normalmente la pista 03L para llegadas y la 03R para salidas. El día del incidente se estaban realizando trabajos de topografía en la franja de la pista 03R/21L, lo que obligó al cierre de la pista, operando el aeropuerto en pista única, la 03L/21R.
El cierre de la pista 03R/21L fue notificado mediante la publicación del NOTAM número B9738/15.
(B9738/15 NOTAMN
Q)GCC/QMRLC/IV/NBO/A /AGA/000/999/2756N01523W005
A)GCLP B)1601070800 C)1601071820 EST
E)RWY 03R/21L CLSD EXC EMERG MIL)
Figura 1. NOTAM publicado pista 03R/21L cerrada
Los trabajos se habían iniciado el día 4 de enero de 2016 y disponían de un Plan de Vigilancia de Seguridad Operacional aprobado por la empresa contratada y por el gestor aeroportuario. En dicho Plan se detallaban los trabajos a realizar, así como las zonas del área de movimientos afectados. El día 5 de enero, dos días antes del incidente, el desarrollo de los trabajos obligó al cierre temporal de la otra pista, la 03L/21R.
La entrada habitual de la pista 03R para aeronaves en salida es la S4. Dicha entrada está dotada con barra de parada.
### 1.11. Registradores de vuelo
Debido al tiempo transcurrido desde que ocurrió el incidente hasta que la CIAIAC tuvo conocimiento del mismo no fue posible preservar los registradores de vuelo (FDR y CVR). Sin embargo, el operador de la aeronave GMI6129 ha proporcionado los datos extraídos del QAR. Se ha podido comprobar que los datos del QAR están sincronizados con las comunicaciones orales, observándose un desfase máximo de 1 segundo.
De los datos del QAR se ha obtenido que la aeronave se detuvo ante la barra de parada de la calle S4 durante 9 segundos antes de reiniciar la marcha y alinear en la pista 03R.
A las 14:45:45 h la tripulación colocó la autorización de despegue y a las 14:46:01 inició la carrera de despegue. La tripulación canceló el despegue a las 14:46:16 cuando la aeronave había alcanzado una GS (Ground Speed – Velocidad respecto a tierra) de 61,5 Kt y había recorrido unos 270 metros. La aeronave se detuvo completamente a las 14:46:57, recorriendo hasta ese momento unos 740 metros.
Figura 2. Gráfico velocidades de la aeronave GMI6129 carrera de despegue
Con los datos del QAR se ha podido realizar una reconstrucción aproximada de la trayectoria seguida por la aeronave. En el gráfico se ha incluido la posición aproximada del vehículo, basándose en la versión de los hechos dada por el personal que se encontraba en el interior del mismo.
Figura 3. Gráfico velocidades de la aeronave GMI6129 carrera de despegue
1.12. Información sobre los restos de la aeronave siniestrada y el impacto
La aeronave implicada en el incidente no sufrió daño alguno.
1.13. Información médica y patológica
No hubo ningún vestigio de que factores fisiológicos o incapacidades afectaran a la actuación de los miembros de la tripulación en vuelo ni a los controladores.
1.14. Incendio
No hubo indicios de incendio en vuelo.
1.15. Aspectos relativos a la supervivencia
No se realizaron actividades de búsqueda y salvamento como consecuencia de este incidente, ya que la aeronave continuó con su vuelo sin otros contratiempos.
1.16. **Ensayos e investigaciones**
El proveedor de servicios de navegación aérea (ENAIRE) y el gestor aeroportuario (AENA) realizaron sendas investigaciones internas a consecuencia del incidente, siendo remitidas a la CIAIAC las conclusiones de los mismos.
Por otra parte, se solicitaron imágenes de cámaras de seguridad del momento del incidente que enfocaran a la pista 03R para observar las condiciones de trabajo del vehículo, su posición y la evolución de la aeronave, sin embargo desde el gestor aeroportuario se indicó que no se disponía de dichas imágenes.
1.16.1. **Análisis realizado por el proveedor de servicios de tránsito aéreo (ENAIRE)**
El proveedor de servicios de navegación aérea, ENAIRE, señaló una serie de recomendaciones en el análisis interno realizado, varias de ellas dirigidas al proveedor de servicios de navegación aérea:
- Se recomienda a la dependencia que valore la existencia de una lista de chequeo de relevo tal y como está en el ACC.
- Revisar la efectividad de las medidas actualmente implantadas en fanal TWR GCLP para alertar/recordar a los CTA del cierre de una pista.
- Comentar el informe de investigación, mediante entrevista, con el CTA implicado.
- Si se monitoriza una frecuencia distinta a la del sector en que se presta servicio y se es consciente de que un tráfico ha llamado en ese período, pedir a dicho tráfico que repita la comunicación para evitar malentendidos o errores de expectativa/interpretación.
Se indicaron recomendaciones dirigidas al gestor aeroportuario:
- Revisar el procedimiento de implantación de las medidas acordadas en el CLSP, concretamente el uso de conos balizados en cabeceras durante el cierre de pistas.
- Se recomienda al aeropuerto que exija a las empresas que tengan acceso al área de maniobras alquilen vehículos con colores llamativos (Ejemplo: blanco).
- Se recomienda al aeropuerto que proporcione luces rotativas portátiles a los vehículos que no sean propios y tengan que acceder al área de maniobras.
Enaire indicó que la lista de chequeo es un procedimiento que estaba implantado desde 2015, aunque su uso no era de carácter obligatorio. El día del incidente no había copia actualizada en las posiciones operativas de LCL, por lo que se debió extraviar. Desde febrero de 2016 la utilización de la lista de chequeo es obligatoria.
En cuanto a la revisión de las ayudas visuales en el fanal para indicar que la pista se encontraba cerrada, en la dependencia se ha decidido colocar una ficha adicional sobre el indicador de velocidad de viento. De esta manera, el controlador, al obtener la información de viento que debe dar en la comunicación para autorizar el despegue/aterrizaje de una aeronave, puede detectar la ocupación de la pista.
En la Figura 5 se muestran las ayudas visuales para mostrar el cierre de pistas. La pista 03L/21R se encontraba cerrada por un periodo superior a 15 minutos, mientras que la pista 03R/21L estaba ocupada temporalmente por un vehículo para revisión de pista (ficha amarilla en posición horizontal).
1.16.2. Análisis realizado por el gestor aeroportuario (AENA)
De acuerdo al informe de AENA, el vehículo involucrado era un turismo que poseía toda la documentación en regla y equipos obligatorios instalados para su entrada y operatividad en el área de maniobras. Estaba autorizado para portar luces rotatorias y se estuvieron utilizando durante la realización de los trabajos.
Aena establece en su Normativa de Seguridad en Plataforma que para el acceso al área de maniobras, áreas de seguridad de extremo de pista y franjas de pista y calles de rodaje, así como donde la Dirección del aeropuerto lo requiera, será necesaria la disponibilidad en el vehículo de luces anticolisión (rotativas), que debe mantener encendidas incluso cuando se encuentre parado.
Por su parte, la conductora del vehículo tenía su permiso de Conducción en Área de Maniobras en vigor, además de haber recibido toda la formación local preceptiva según consta en los registros de seguridad operacional aportados por la empresa.
En el informe se indica que todas las medidas acordadas en la reunión de coordinación y análisis de riesgos se encontraban implementadas. En cuanto a la colocación de los conos, se afirma que la documentación derivada del CLSP estaba en periodo de revisión y aprobación por parte de los miembros del mismo, y que ninguno de los participantes propuso el análisis y utilización de esta medida durante la reunión de coordinación y análisis de riesgos de los trabajos topográficos.
En el informe se especifican dos recomendaciones:
- Utilización sistemática de conos en los umbrales en los cierres de pista. El gestor aeroportuario indicó que esta medida ya estaba implementada.
Figura 6. Foto desde la cabecera con la posición del vehículo y los conos colocados
• Con relación a lo anterior y para cierres de la pista 03R/21L con posibilidad de desalojo del personal y maquinaria a requerimiento de maniobra de emergencia militar que requiera enganche de cable de frenado, debería analizarse y acordarse con la Base Aérea, expresamente y en cada caso, la utilización de la pista en esa situación con los conos puestos.
1.17. Información sobre organización y gestión
1.17.1. Comité Local de Seguridad en Pista
El Real Decreto 862/2009 establece la necesidad de crear comités locales de seguridad operacional en los aeropuertos (CLSP), que estarán presididos por el gestor aeroportuario y del que formarán parte los representantes de las compañías aéreas y los servicios de navegación aérea, así como el responsable del sistema de gestión de seguridad operacional del aeropuerto. Será competencia de estos comités el asesoramiento al gestor en todo lo relacionado con la seguridad operacional en cada aeropuerto.
La Instrucción Técnica Específica (CSA-15-IT-031-1.0) sobre Seguridad Operacional en Pista de AESA establece unos estándares técnicos para mejorar la seguridad operacional en pista. En ella se desarrollan las tareas propias del CLSP:
• Identificar problemas potenciales de seguridad en pista.
• Desarrollar y ejecutar campañas de concienciación locales.
• Controlar el número, tipo y gravedad de las incursiones y salidas en pista.
• Verificar que las comunicaciones mantenidas entre controladores y resto de colectivos involucrados son adecuadas.
• Evaluar si las entradas a la pista y las ayudas visuales son adecuadas.
• Analizar las dificultades operacionales y recomendar áreas de mejora.
• Dirigir programas de formación inicial y periódica y de familiarización conjuntos para la prevención de las incursiones y salidas de la pista, para todo el personal relevante.
• Proporcionar recomendaciones antes de la implementación de cambios en el aeropuerto, prácticas y procedimientos para identificar la probabilidad de incursiones o salidas de pista.
• Evaluar de forma periódica la efectividad de las soluciones operacionales implementadas.
• Asegurar que las recomendaciones incluidas en EAPPRI están implementadas.
• Revisar el aeropuerto para asegurar que es acorde y cumple con las normas y recomendaciones de OACI.
• Medir periódicamente la eficacia de las medidas operacionales tomadas.
En cuanto a las convocatorias, la instrucción técnica anteriormente indicada señala que se realizarán de forma periódica o de forma extraordinaria cuando los plazos o la urgencia no permitan esperar hasta la siguiente reunión ordinaria. Las sesiones serán reflejadas en un acta, que deberá enviarse a los interesados en un plazo no superior a dos semanas, y estos dispondrán al menos de otras dos semanas para realizar comentarios o solicitudes de modificación del acta.
La instrucción técnica apunta la necesidad de realizar auditorías, tanto internas como externas. Éstas últimas serán llevadas a cabo por la autoridad competente o una organización externa, al menos anualmente.
El CLSP de Gran Canaria se reunió de forma ordinaria el día 1 de diciembre de 2015. No se trataron los trabajos topográficos que se iban a realizar, pero sí unas obras en plataforma. Asimismo, se presentaron y discutieron los incidentes/accidentes categorizados como incursión en pista o salida de pista.
Durante la reunión se propuso como medida para evitar incursiones en pista la colocación de conos balizados en las cabeceras de las pistas cerradas en periodos cortos, medida que, de acuerdo al acta, se implantaría de forma inmediata.
El acta de la sesión se aprobó el día 15 de enero de 2016, 8 días después de la ocurrencia del incidente objeto de investigación.
En una fecha posterior a la celebración de la reunión del CLSP, el día 21 de diciembre de 2015, se produjo una sesión de coordinación de los trabajos topográficos que se iban a realizar en el aeropuerto. A dicha reunión asistieron representantes del proveedor de servicios de navegación aérea, del gestor aeroportuario, de la base aérea y de la empresa adjudicataria de los trabajos. No se consideró una reunión del CLSP, y por lo tanto no asistieron todos sus representantes. Se acordaron las medidas a tomar por parte de la empresa para evitar riesgos al realizar los trabajos adjudicados. No se trataron otras medidas a tomar por el resto de organismos involucrados (gestor aeroportuario o proveedor de servicios ATS), y tampoco se abordó el tema de la colocación de conos en el cierre de pista temporal, como sí se había indicado en la reunión del CLSP celebrada el día 1 de diciembre.
El Plan de Acción Europeo para la Prevención de Incursiones en Pista (EAPPRI) señala que los cambios en los modos de operación y en los procedimientos del área de maniobras, incluidas las obras previstas, deben tener en cuenta la seguridad operacional en pista y esto puede requerir la consulta con el equipo local de seguridad en la pista. Una apropiada evaluación del riesgo es primordial para cambios de procedimiento y/o de infraestructura en el área de maniobras.
1.17.2. Manual Operativo del Proveedor de Servicios de Navegación Aérea
22.214.171.124 Relevos de controladores
En el apartado 6.3 del anexo B “Procedimientos específicos de la dependencia” del Manual Operativo de GCLP de ENAIRE se indica que los relevos se realizarán de forma adecuada, asegurando que el controlador que asume el tráfico tiene consciencia plena de la situación del mismo. Se elaborarán y mantendrán actualizadas para cada posición operativa una serie de requisitos que se enumeran a modo de lista de comprobación con los puntos esenciales que deberán tenerse en cuenta en la transferencia de información al CTA que asume la posición durante el relevo.
A continuación se muestra la lista de comprobación para la posición de LCL.
| Tráfico/RWY | LISTA DE COMPROBACIÓN RELEVO TWR/LCL |
|-------------|-------------------------------------|
| PISTA EN USO | |
| CONDICIONES SIGNIFICATIVAS DE PISTA | |
| AERONAVES EN FRECUENCIA: IDENTIFICACIÓN Y POSICIÓN | |
| PERSONAL/VEHÍCULOS EN PISTA O PENDIENTES DE ENTRAR | |
| FICHAS PROGRESIÓN VUELO: POSICIÓN EN BAHÍA Y STRIPMARKING | |
| IDENTIFICACIÓN DE CONFLICTOS POTENCIALES | |
| SECUENCIA DE ARR/DEP PREVISTA | |
| IDENTIFICACIÓN DE TRÁFICO RODANDO A HP/ABANDONANDO PISTA | |
| DESVÍO DE TRÁFICOS DE/HACIA OTROS AERÓDROMOS | |
| ACTIVIDADES Y TRABAJOS AÉREOS | |
| TRABAJOS EN EJECUCIÓN EN LAS INMEDIACIONES DE LA PISTA | |
| PROCEDIMIENTOS NO ESTÁNDAR EN APLICACIÓN | |
| TAREAS PENDIENTES | |
| Meteo | VIENTO SIGNIFICATIVO, RACHAS, CIZALLADURA, TURBULENCIA |
|-------|--------------------------------------------------------|
| | VISIBILIDAD-TECHO DE NUBES |
| | TORRENTAS: PRONÓSTICOS-AVISOS-FASE DE ACTUACIÓN |
| | OTROS FENÓMENOS METEOROLÓGICOS SIGNIFICATIVOS PRESENTES O PREVISTOS |
| | APLICACIÓN LVP/PPOAM: PREVISIÓN-FASES |
| Incidencias | INCIDENCIAS CON PLANES DE VUELO |
|-------------|---------------------------------|
| | NOTAM PUBLICADOS |
| | ESTADO DE SISTEMA DE PRESENTACIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN METEOROLÓGICA |
| | ESTADO DE RADIOAYUDAS |
| | ESTADO Y SELECCIÓN DE FRECUENCIAS T/A EN SCV |
| | ESTADO DE COMUNICACIONES T/T (LINEAS CALIENTES Y DEDICADAS) |
| | ESTADO DE SISTEMA DE VIGILANCIA ATS |
| | ESTADO DE ATIS |
Figura 7. Lista de chequeo relevo posición de LCL
Asimismo antes de la entrada en el puesto de trabajo los controladores reciben un documento con información operativa y relevante para el servicio, NOTAM publicados en vigor, eventos de interés, notificaciones, tráfico previsto y movimientos de aeronaves militares. El día del incidente el controlador implicado en el incidente firmó la hoja de registro de recepción de la información operativa, en la que se incluía el NOTAM publicado que informaba del cierre de la pista 03R/21L.
126.96.36.199 Procedimiento de pista cerrada
En el punto 6.7.2 del anexo B “Procedimientos específicos de la dependencia” del Manual Operativo de GCLP de ENAIRE se establece el procedimiento a seguir en caso de ocupación temporal de la pista en servicio (más de 15 minutos), estableciéndose entre otras medidas las siguientes:
- Indicar que la pista está ocupada por un obstáculo, aeronave o vehículo, mediante la colocación en un portafichas, de una ficha en la que se especifique de qué obstáculo se trata. Además, se debe colocar el portafichas cruzado sobre la bahía.
- Prestar especial atención a las colaciones de los pilotos respecto a la pista en la que están autorizados a operar.
- Comprobar visualmente, haciendo uso de la información del radar si fuera necesario, que la aeronave autorizada procede a la pista en uso.
- En caso de pista cerrada, quedará bajo control de GMC, por lo que no habrá que coordinar con LCL su utilización.
1.18. Información adicional
1.18.1. Testimonio de la tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129
La tripulación afirmó que antes del vuelo recibieron el NOTAM y escucharon en el ATIS la información de que la pista 03R/21L estaba cerrada, por lo que prepararon el despegue desde la pista 03L. Después de ser transferidos desde GMC a la frecuencia de LCL fueron autorizados a cruzar la pista 03L y alinear en la pista 03R. Esta instrucción les confundió y solicitaron confirmación de que realmente debían alinear en la pista 03R, confirmación que fue dada por el controlador.
Próximos a la entrada S4 vieron las luces rojas de la barra de parada encendidas, por lo que preguntaron de nuevo al controlador de LCL, y una vez más fueron autorizados a alinear en la pista 03R.
En el momento de alinear ambos miembros de la tripulación observaron el vehículo en el margen derecho de la pista, en la hierba, por ello pensaron que no había peligro de colisión y, tras ser autorizados, iniciaron el despegue. Cuando habían recorrido 300 metros de la carrera de despegue recibieron la instrucción de parar y cancelar el despegue.
La tripulación indicó que recordaban que no había luces rotatorias en el vehículo, pero no estaban seguros si estaba equipado con ellas.
1.18.2. Testimonio del conductor del vehículo
El conductor del vehículo indicó que se encontraba dentro del mismo, en el margen derecho de la pista 03R. En un momento dado se le instruyó a abandonar la pista momentáneamente, instrucción que cumplió, abandonando por la franja campo a través hasta el camino perimetral, donde permaneció hasta que fue de nuevo autorizado a entrar en la pista y continuar con los trabajos topográficos.
1.18.3. Testimonio del controlador ejecutivo de TWR GCLP posición de LCL
El controlador ejecutivo indicó que con la pista 03R cerrada, sin ningún tipo de señalización, alineó erróneamente a la aeronave GMI6129 en la pista 03R. La barra estaba encendida a intensidad 3, debiendo haber estado a 5, y estando el control de luces cedido a central eléctrica por razones de mantenimiento.
El controlador afirmó que conocía que la pista 03R estaba cerrada ya que el controlador saliente se lo indicó durante el relevo y lo leyó en la información operativa previa al servicio.
El hecho de no tener en cuenta que la pista 03R estaba cerrada cuando alineó a la aeronave GMI6129 y la autorizó a despegar pudo deberse a varios factores:
- Relevo reciente.
- Expectativa de operativa normal.
- Aumento de la carga de trabajo debido a la recuperación de un helicóptero y entrada en vigor de un procedimiento de recuperación de helicópteros nuevo, que requería una carga de estrés elevada al tener que realizar un gran número de coordinaciones. De acuerdo a la entrevista mantenida con el controlador, éste afirmó que se había realizado una acción formativa teórica sobre este procedimiento unos meses antes de la entrada en vigor del mismo.
- Centró su atención en el tráfico saliente (VKG5636) y tuvo que mantener la escucha en la frecuencia de despegues por ausencia de colación por parte de la tripulación de la aeronave.
El controlador señaló que estaban colocadas las ayudas visuales que indicaban que la pista 03R estaba cerrada, y las luces de pista y de aproximación estaban apagadas, de acuerdo a como marca el procedimiento. Escuchó de forma parcial la comunicación de la tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129 cuando se encontraba en S4, ya que estaba monitorizando la frecuencia de despegues, y asumió que la comunicación correspondía al mensaje habitual de que estaban listos para la salida. Además, señaló que la atención la tenía centrada en monitorizar la recuperación de un helicóptero.
Indicó que el vehículo se encontraba pasado el primer tercio de la pista, en el borde pavimentado de la franja y que no tuvo contacto visual con él, ya que no tenía luces o no fueron visibles desde la torre y el color era confundible con la pista, por lo que el vehículo no era fácilmente visible a no ser que se tuviera consciencia exacta de la ubicación del mismo.
Finalmente, afirmó que fue consciente de la situación generada simultáneamente junto a su compañero que ocupaba la posición de rodadura en el momento en el que inició la carrera de despegue la aeronave, tras detectar la presencia de un objeto en la franja de la pista, y procedió de forma inmediata a la cancelación de la autorización.
1.18.4. Testimonio del jefe de torre de control de GCLP
El jefe de torre de GCLP afirmó que el cambio en el procedimiento de recuperación de helicópteros se debió a las necesidades de certificación del aeropuerto de Gran Canaria y su necesidad de adaptación a la normativa vigente. Confirmó asimismo, que el nuevo procedimiento era complejo y requería un gran número de coordinaciones con la posición de GMC, siendo el procedimiento anterior más sencillo y fácil de aplicar. Debido a esta complejidad el procedimiento ha sido modificado con posterioridad a la fecha del incidente.
Indicó igualmente que los controladores de la dependencia no recibieron formación en simulador antes de la entrada en vigor del procedimiento. Tuvieron una jornada de formación teórica, en la que se explicó el procedimiento y que fue impartida con bastante anterioridad a la entrada en vigor del mismo.
La dependencia cuenta con simulador para entrenamiento, siendo utilizado éste para entrenamiento de emergencias y modificaciones al plan de contingencia ATS.
1.18.5. Informe jefe de servicio de energía y mantenimiento
De acuerdo al informe realizado por el jefe de servicio de energía y mantenimiento a las 12:16:15 la Central Eléctrica activó la configuración “03L DIA” por petición de la torre de control, dicha configuración incluye la barra de parada S4 a brillo 3, pudiendo ser modificado el brillo de las barras individualmente por el usuario que posea el mando. En el parte de servicio se indica que a las 12:33:22 se liberaron los permisos de ayudas visuales, devolviéndose el mando a la torre de control tras finalizar los trabajos de mantenimiento. Además queda reflejado que a las 14:53:52 se cedió el permiso de ayudas visuales a la torre y unos segundos después subieron a brillo 5 la barra de parada S4.
1.18.6. Normativa y documentación relacionada con las barras de parada
188.8.131.52 Normativa OACI
El punto 184.108.40.206.3 del anexo 2 de OACI establece que:
«Cuando una aeronave esté en rodaje en el área de maniobras se detendrá y se mantendrá a la espera en todas las barras de parada iluminadas y podrá proseguir cuando se apaguen las luces».
El punto 7.15.7 del Documento 4444 de OACI indica que:
«Se encenderán las barras de parada para indicar que todo el tráfico debe detenerse y se apagarán para indicar que el tráfico puede continuar».
En el punto 5.2 del Documento 9870 de OACI “Manual sobre la prevención de incursiones en la pista” se matiza el anterior punto indicándose que:
«Consecuentemente, el controlador nunca deberá emitir una autorización para cruzar una barra de parada sin antes apagar la barra de parada. La única excepción sería cuando es necesario adoptar medidas de contingencia debido a que la barra de parada se encuentra inservible. Un ejemplo de una medida de contingencia es el uso de un vehículo de escolta».
En el punto 4.4.1 se indica que:
«Los pilotos nunca deberían cruzar las barras de parada rojas iluminadas cuando
rueden a posición en una pista o cuando crucen una pista, a menos que los procedimientos de contingencia vigentes lo permitan específicamente».
Asimismo se indica en el punto 6.3.3 que:
«Nunca deberían cruzarse las barras de parada rojas al rodar a posición en una pista o cruzar una pista, a menos que, en casos excepcionales, se informe que las barras de parada, las luces o los controles no están funcionando y se están aplicando medidas de contingencia, como, por ejemplo, el uso de vehículos de escolta. En estas circunstancias, se deberían utilizar, en lo posible, rutas alternas».
220.127.116.11 Normativa Europea y nacional
El Reglamento de Ejecución (UE) Nº 923/2012 de la Comisión (SERA) establece, en los párrafos 2 y 3 del apartado d) del punto SERA.3210, que:
«(2) En un aeródromo controlado, cuando una aeronave esté en rodaje en el área de maniobras se detendrá y se mantendrá a la espera en todos los puntos de espera de la pista, a menos que la torre de control de aeródromo emita una autorización explícita de entrar en la pista o de cruzarla».
«(3) Cuando una aeronave esté en rodaje en el área de maniobras se detendrá y se mantendrá a la espera en todas las barras de parada iluminadas y podrá proseguir de conformidad con el párrafo 2 cuando se apaguen las luces».
El punto 18.104.22.168 del Reglamento de Circulación Aérea, establece lo indicado en el documento 4444 de OACI.
«Se encenderán las barras de parada para indicar que todo el tráfico debe detenerse, y se apagarán para indicar que el tráfico puede continuar».
El Plan de Acción Europeo para la Prevención de Incursiones en Pista (EAPPRI) establece que los pilotos no deben cruzar las barras de parada encendidas cuando rueden a posición en una pista o cuando crucen una pista, a menos que estén vigentes los procedimientos de contingencia, como por ejemplo para cubrir los casos donde las barras de parada estén fuera de servicio.
Actualmente EASA ha publicado una Notificación de Enmienda Propuesta (NPA) que establecerá medios aceptables de cumplimiento y material guía para una nueva normativa europea que se va a publicar en los próximos meses. Esta NPA puede ser objeto de modificación hasta su entrada en vigor. En este sentido se indican, como material guía, medidas de contingencia en el uso de las barras de parada cuando no se pueden apagar:
- Desconexión de la barra de parada afectada de la fuente de alimentación.
• Oscurecimiento de las luces de la barra de parada afectada.
• Proveer de un vehículo que conduzca a la aeronave a cruzar la barra de parada.
1.19. Técnicas de investigación útiles o eficaces
No aplicable.
2. ANÁLISIS
2.1. Generalidades
El día 7 de enero de 2016 la aeronave GMI2619 se disponía a realizar un vuelo desde el aeropuerto de Gran Canaria y destino el aeropuerto de Friedrichshafen (Alemania).
El aeropuerto cuenta con dos pistas paralelas, la 03L/21R y la 03R/21L, siendo la operativa habitual despegar por la pista 03R y aterrizar por la 03L.
El día del incidente se estaban realizando trabajos de topografía en la franja de la pista 03R/21L, lo que obligó al cierre de esta pista, operando el aeropuerto con pista única, la 03L/21R. En la franja de la pista 03R se encontraba un vehículo con una persona en su interior. El cierre de la pista se había anunciado mediante la publicación de un NOTAM.
La aeronave GMI6129 fue autorizada por GMC a proceder al punto de espera de la pista 03L y fue transferida a la frecuencia de LCL.
2.2. Aspectos relacionados con el relevo de controladores
Previamente a la entrada en el puesto de trabajo el controlador de LCL recibió la información operativa en la que se indicaba que la pista 03R/21L estaba cerrada y firmó la recepción de esta información. Además, durante el relevo el controlador saliente le informó de que la pista 03R/21L estaba cerrada.
El manual de operaciones de la dependencia contiene en su apartado 6.3 del anexo B una lista de chequeo para la realización del relevo. De acuerdo a la información proporcionada por el proveedor de servicios, la utilización de la lista de chequeo estaba implementada y se recomendaba su uso. Sin embargo, el día del incidente no había copia actualizada en las posiciones de LCL. El proveedor de servicios en el informe de investigación interna del incidente realizó una recomendación para implementar el uso de la lista de chequeo durante el relevo como una mejora de seguridad. En febrero de 2016 el proveedor de servicios de navegación implantó el uso obligatorio de la lista de chequeo en la dependencia de TWR GCLP. Por ello, la CIAIAC ha desestimado la realización de una recomendación de seguridad en este sentido.
2.3. Actuaciones del controlador
El ATC entrante asumió el control de la frecuencia a las 14:33:04 h. A los pocos minutos autorizó correctamente a la aeronave VKG5636 a alinear en la pista 03L y posteriormente, a las 14:41:32, a despegar. Solo ocho segundos después instruyó a la aeronave GMI6129
a cruzar la pista 03L, entrar y alinear en la 03R, y al no recibir contestación repitió la instrucción. En su versión de los hechos el controlador indicó que tenía centrada su atención en la recuperación de un helicóptero y en la entrada en vigor de un nuevo procedimiento para helicópteros. De acuerdo a la versión del jefe de la torre de control de GCLP el procedimiento era complejo, ya que requería un gran número de coordinaciones con la posición de GMC. Los controladores recibieron únicamente una jornada de formación teórica. El hecho de no haber recibido formación en simulador para entrenar la maniobra de recuperación de helicóptero y las coordinaciones exigidas para la aplicación del procedimiento contribuyó a aumentar el estrés y la carga de trabajo del controlador en esos momentos, lo que hizo que no centrara su atención en la aeronave GMI6129. De acuerdo a lo indicado por el jefe de torre de GCLP, a pesar de que la dependencia cuenta con simulador, se utiliza para entrenar fundamentalmente situaciones de emergencia y contingencia. Se considera que si el controlador hubiera recibido formación en simulador en este caso podría haber reducido la carga de trabajo, reduciendo la posibilidad de pérdida de conciencia situacional, por lo que se realiza una recomendación de seguridad en este sentido.
El controlador llevaba poco tiempo en la frecuencia ese día por lo que pudo influir en que no estuviera completamente adaptado a la operación del aeropuerto. Esto pudo hacer que emitiese las instrucciones que son habituales para las aeronaves en salida en la operativa actual del aeropuerto.
Posteriormente el controlador transfirió a la aeronave VKG5636 a la frecuencia de despegues en dos ocasiones sin recibir contestación. Seguidamente la tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129 notificó que la barra de parada de S4 continuaba encendida. En ese mismo momento el controlador estaba monitorizando la frecuencia de despegues a la que había transferido a la aeronave VKG5636 para cerciorarse de que ésta había contactado en dicha frecuencia, ya que no había colacionado ninguna de sus comunicaciones de transferencia. Esto provocó que el controlador escuchara la comunicación de la aeronave GMI6129 parcialmente. De acuerdo a su versión asumió que la comunicación correspondía al mensaje habitual de que estaban listos para despegue. Seguidamente la volvió a autorizar a alinear y esperar en la pista 03R. El hecho de que el controlador no comprobase lo que había comunicado la tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129 y la autorizara nuevamente a entrar y alinear en la pista 03R provocó que la barra de parada encendida no actuara como barrera de protección, al entender la tripulación que estaban autorizados a cruzarla. El proveedor de servicios señaló una recomendación en su análisis interno del incidente que indicaba que en caso de que el controlador monitorizara otra frecuencia y fuera consciente de que un tráfico había llamado se debía solicitar la repetición de la comunicación para evitar malentendidos o errores. Se considera esta acción suficiente y no se realiza una recomendación en este sentido.
A las 14:45:40 el controlador de LCL autorizó el despegue de la aeronave GMI6129 desde la pista 03R. Transcurrieron cuatro minutos desde la primera vez que el controlador
la autorizó a entrar en la pista y alinear hasta que autorizó su despegue. De acuerdo a la versión dada por el controlador, estaban implementadas las ayudas visuales para indicar el cierre temporal de la pista. La ayuda principal en la torre de control consistía en colocar en la bahía de tráficos una ficha de progresión de vuelo cruzada con el nombre del obstáculo que había en pista. En este sentido el proveedor de servicios de navegación aérea ha revisado las medidas implantadas en el fanal para alertar/recodar a los CTA del cierre de una pista. Se ha decidido colocar una ficha adicionalmente en el sistema que permite la lectura del viento cuando la pista se encuentre ocupada, por lo que el controlador al autorizar a una aeronave a despegar/aterrizar y mirar la lectura del viento detectaría que la pista se encuentra cerrada. La medida adoptada se considera suficiente y por ello no se emite una recomendación de seguridad.
Tampoco detectó la presencia del vehículo en la pista de despegue visualmente durante esos cuatro minutos que transcurrieron hasta que dio la autorización de despegue. De acuerdo a lo indicado por el controlador, el coche no era fácilmente visible desde la posición de torre, ya que su color era confundible con la pista al ser oscuro y las luces o no eran visibles desde la torre o no estaban funcionando en ese momento. La tripulación por su parte indicó que recordaban que el coche no tenía activadas las luces anticolisión, aunque no estaban seguros si estaba equipado con ellas. Se solicitaron imágenes de cámaras de seguridad del momento del incidente que enfocaran a la pista 03R para observar las condiciones de trabajo del vehículo, su posición y la evolución de la aeronave, sin embargo desde el gestor aeroportuario, se indicó que no se disponía de dichas imágenes. AENA, en su informe de investigación, afirmó que el coche disponía de luces anticolisión y que se estuvieron utilizando durante las obras. No se ha podido constatar, por lo tanto, si el vehículo portaba las luces anticolisión, aunque puede que no estuvieran encendidas en el momento que se produjeron los hechos, lo que pudo influir en que el controlador no detectara su presencia en la franja de la pista 03R. Aena ya establece en su Normativa de Seguridad en Plataforma la obligatoriedad de portar y llevar encendidas las luces anticolisión cuando un vehículo se encuentra en la franja de la pista, aunque se encuentre parado.
Finalmente, el controlador indicó que detectó visualmente la presencia de un objeto en el área de protección de la pista 03R, y simultáneamente fue avisado por su compañero de la posición de rodadura, e instruyó rápidamente a la aeronave a cancelar el despegue.
2.4. Actuaciones de la tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129
La tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129 señaló en su informe que sabía que la pista 03R se encontraba cerrada, ya que conocía el NOTAM publicado y había escuchado la información del ATIS.
La tripulación indicó que les confundió la autorización de cruzar la pista 03L y alinear en la pista 03R, pero que al recibirla una segunda vez decidieron seguirla. En S4 la
tripulación detectó que la barra de parada estaba encendida, se lo comunicó al controlador y detuvieron la aeronave durante unos segundos. El hecho de que no estuviera a la máxima intensidad la barra de parada no se puede considerar un factor contribuyente en este incidente, ya que la tripulación detectó que estaba encendida. Poco después recibieron de nuevo la autorización de alinear y esperar en la pista 03R por lo que pudieron considerar que el controlador les autorizaba a cruzar la barra de parada.
Según establece la normativa europea vigente ninguna tripulación deberá cruzar una barra de parada hasta que no haya recibido una autorización explícita por parte del controlador y se haya apagado ésta. En este caso la autorización fue dada por el controlador sin llegar a apagarse la barra, por lo que la tripulación pudo considerar que se estaban aplicando medidas de contingencia por no poderse apagar, aunque en ningún momento fueron informados de esto y tampoco lo preguntaron.
La tripulación afirmó que tuvieron contacto visual con el vehículo cuando habían alineado en la pista, pero consideraron que la posición del vehículo no generaba peligro de colisión e iniciaron la carrera de despegue cuando fueron autorizados. La franja de la pista está destinada a reducir el riesgo de daños a las aeronaves en caso de que ésta se salga de la pista y proteger a las aeronaves que la sobrevuelan durante las operaciones de despegue o aterrizaje. Por otro lado, la tripulación no conocía las intenciones del vehículo, ya que se encontraban en frecuencias diferentes.
Finalmente, la tripulación siguió correctamente la instrucción del controlador de cancelar el despegue.
2.5. Consideraciones referentes a la normativa relacionada con barras de parada
El anexo 2 de OACI indica que las tripulaciones deben detenerse en las barras de parada y continuar la marcha una vez se hayan apagado. Por su parte, la normativa europea establece que para reanudar la marcha se debe apagar la barra de parada y se debe recibir una autorización explícita de ATC. No se establecen salvedades a estos casos.
Sin embargo, tanto el Manual sobre la prevención de incursiones en pista de OACI (documento 9870) como el Plan de acción europeo para la prevención de incursiones en pista (EAPPRI) abren la posibilidad de que una aeronave cruce una barra de parada encendida cuando no se pueda apagar y se estén aplicando medidas de contingencia.
El hecho de que no exista un procedimiento común o una fraseología normalizada establecida para indicar inequívocamente que se están aplicando medidas de contingencia pudo provocar, en este caso, un malentendido en la tripulación y considerar que, al informar a control y ser nuevamente autorizados, se estaban aplicando dichas medidas de contingencia y podían cruzar la barra de parada. Por ello, se considera que se debe
emitir una recomendación de seguridad dirigida a OACI para que desarrolle un procedimiento o fraseología común de aplicación en todos los aeropuertos que haga que las tripulaciones puedan diferenciar claramente cuando se están aplicando medidas de contingencia sobre las barras de parada.
2.6. Consideraciones relativas al CLSP
El CLSP de Gran Canaria se reunió de forma ordinaria el día 1 de diciembre de 2015. En dicha reunión no se abordaron temas relacionados con los trabajos topográficos que se iban a realizar en el aeropuerto el mes siguiente. Sin embargo, durante la reunión, como consecuencia de la presentación de unos incidentes ocurridos en el aeropuerto se propuso, como medida mitigadora para evitar incursiones en pista cerrada en periodos cortos, la colocación de conos en las cabeceras de las pistas. En la reunión se indicó que la implantación de la medida debía ser inmediata.
El acta de la reunión del día 1 de diciembre no se aprobó hasta el día 15 de enero de 2016, posteriormente a la ocurrencia del incidente y un mes y medio después de la celebración de la reunión. Se considera que la implantación de la medida hubiera sido una barrera de seguridad útil para evitar este incidente, ya que hubiese evitado que la tripulación iniciara el despegue.
El día 21 de diciembre de 2015 se produjo una reunión para la coordinación de los trabajos de topografía en el que no estaban representadas todas las entidades del CLSP. En la reunión se analizaron los riesgos asociados a los trabajos y se tomaron medidas para mitigarlos. No se analizaron los riesgos derivados del cambio operativo del aeropuerto, como es el caso del cierre temporal de una pista, y no se tuvo en cuenta la medida de la colocación de los conos en el umbral de la pista.
EAPPRI señala que los cambios en los modos de operación y en los procedimientos del área de maniobras, incluidas las obras previstas, deben tener en cuenta la seguridad operacional en pista y esto puede requerir la consulta con el equipo local de seguridad en la pista. Una apropiada evaluación del riesgo debe ser primordial para cambios de procedimiento y / o de infraestructura en el área de maniobras.
Por lo tanto, se considera que en aquellos casos en los que se van a producir trabajos en el aeropuerto, aunque no sean obras, que tengan un impacto importante en la operatividad del mismo, tales como cierres temporales de pista o cambios en las entradas o salidas de las pistas, requieren de una reunión del CLSP en el que se analicen riesgos y se establezcan medidas mitigadoras, que deberán ser implementadas antes del inicio de las mismas.
3. CONCLUSIONES
3.1. Constataciones
- La aeronave tenía toda la documentación en vigor y era aeronavegable.
- La tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129 tenía sus licencias y certificados médicos válidos y en vigor.
- El controlador ejecutivo en la posición de LCL tenía su licencia, anotaciones de unidad y certificado médico válido y en vigor.
- La pista 03R estaba cerrada debido a que se estaban realizando trabajos topográficos. En la franja de la pista se encontraba un vehículo y un trabajador en su interior.
- Ese día entraba en vigor un procedimiento de recuperación de helicópteros. El controlador había recibido formación teórica con bastante anterioridad a la fecha de entrada en vigor del procedimiento.
- El controlador había sido informado de que la pista 03R estaba cerrada por medio de la información operativa cuando se incorporó en el puesto y del controlador saliente que se lo indicó durante el relevo.
- La tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129 conocía que la pista 03R estaba cerrada por el NOTAM publicado y el ATIS radiado.
- El controlador de LCL asumió la frecuencia a las 14:33:04 h y unos minutos después autorizó correctamente a una aeronave a entrar, alinear y, posteriormente a despegar desde la pista 03L.
- Unos segundos después el controlador autorizó a la aeronave GMI6129 a cruzar la pista 03L y entrar y alinear en la 03R.
- La tripulación detuvo la aeronave al encontrarse la barra de parada situada en S4 encendida y notificó este hecho a control.
- En ese momento el controlador estaba monitorizando la frecuencia de despegues para comprobar la transferencia de una aeronave y escuchó la comunicación de la tripulación de forma parcial.
- El controlador volvió a autorizar a la aeronave GMI6129 a entrar y alinear en la pista 03R.
- La tripulación tras recibir la autorización cruzó la barra de parada encendida y entró en la pista 03R.
- La normativa vigente especifica que para entrar y alinear en una pista se debe recibir la autorización explícita por parte de control y la barra de parada debe estar apagada.
- El Plan de Acción Europeo para la Prevención de Incusiones en Pista establece que se puede cruzar la barra de parada encendida cuando no se puede apagar y se están aplicando medidas de contingencia.
- La tripulación tuvo contacto visual con el vehículo situado en la franja.
El controlador autorizó a la aeronave a despegar desde la pista 03R y la tripulación inició la carrera de despegue.
El controlador instruyó a la aeronave a cancelar el despegue cuando ésta había recorrido unos 270 metros.
3.2. Causas/factores contribuyentes
El incidente fue provocado por una pérdida de consciencia situacional del controlador, que instruyó a la tripulación de la aeronave GMI6129 a entrar y posteriormente a despegar desde la pista 03R, a pesar de que conocía que estaba cerrada.
Al incidente contribuyeron una serie de factores que hicieron que se vulneraran barreras de seguridad que podían haber evitado que se produjera:
- El controlador no detectó el error a pesar de que estaban implantadas las ayudas visuales en torre que indicaban que la pista estaba cerrada. Tampoco detectó visualmente la presencia del coche en la franja de la pista 03R, aunque a esto pudo contribuir, de acuerdo a la versión de la tripulación y del controlador, que el coche no tuviera activas las luces anticolisión.
- El controlador escuchó parcialmente una comunicación de la tripulación que indicaba que la barra de parada estaba activa, sin embargo no solicitó la repetición de la comunicación e instruyó de nuevo a la aeronave a entrar y alinear.
- La tripulación cruzó una barra de parada encendida, sin tener información de que había medidas de contingencia en curso por no poder apagarla. A esto pudo contribuir que la normativa referente a las barras de parada y los manuales que derivan de ella no son claros y específicos.
- La tripulación de la aeronave inició la carrera de despegue a pesar de que tuvieron contacto visual con el coche que estaba parado en la franja de la pista.
- No estaba implantada la medida mitigadora de colocar conos en el umbral de la pista cerrada al no estar aprobado el acta de la reunión del Comité Local de Seguridad en Pista en la que fue propuesta.
4. RECOMENDACIONES DE SEGURIDAD OPERACIONAL
El manual para la prevención de incursiones en pista de OACI y el Plan de Acción Europeo para la Prevención de Incursiones en Pista (EAPPRI) consideran la posibilidad de cruzar una barra de parada encendida en caso de que ésta no se pueda apagar y se estén aplicando procedimientos de contingencia. Se ha detectado la ausencia de un procedimiento o fraseología común en todos los aeropuertos que permita identificar claramente que se están aplicando dichas medidas. Esto pudo provocar en la tripulación de la aeronave Germania un malentendido, ya que tras informar a control de que había una barra de parada encendida y ser de nuevo autorizados a alinear en pista pudieron considerar que se estaban aplicando dichas medidas de contingencia.
**REC 31/2016:** Se recomienda a OACI que desarrolle un procedimiento o fraseología común para la aplicación de medidas de contingencia en caso de que una barra de parada no se pueda apagar, de forma que las tripulaciones puedan identificar claramente que se están aplicando dichas medidas de contingencia.
El día del incidente entraba en vigor un nuevo procedimiento para la recuperación de helicópteros que implicaba una gran carga de trabajo, ya que requería la realización de numerosas coordinaciones con los sectores o posiciones adyacentes. Los controladores de la dependencia recibieron únicamente un curso teórico informativo del nuevo procedimiento. El hecho de que el controlador se enfrentara por primera vez al procedimiento pudo aumentar su estrés e hizo que centrase su atención en la recuperación del helicóptero, no prestando la suficiente atención en otros tráficos. El hecho de que el controlador hubiera realizado una acción formativa práctica habría reducido el estrés y la carga de trabajo, pudiendo haber evitado la pérdida de consciencia situacional.
**REC 32/2016:** Se recomienda a ENAIRE que incluya sesiones formativas prácticas en simulador para sus controladores, cuando se prevea la entrada en vigor de nuevos procedimientos que impliquen cambios operativos grandes o requieran un gran aumento de la carga de trabajo de los controladores.
Se consideró asimismo la necesidad de hacer una recomendación respecto al uso de listas de chequeo: Se recomienda a ENAIRE la implantación de listas de chequeo para uso en los relevos llevados a cabo en la dependencia.
No obstante, dado que ENAIRE ya llevó a cabo la implantación de dicha medida a partir del análisis interno del incidente, la CIAIAC ha desestimado emitir esta recomendación. | 2367709e-fb97-466e-b6b8-7050380cc1b2 | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/spa_Latn/train | finepdfs | spa_Latn | 68,777 |
Pass Passport port port
Name: the Robin
Vocalisation: has a fluting, warbling song.
Size: around 13-15 cm
Plumage: has an orange breast, brownish or olive-tinged upperparts and a whitish belly.
The legs and feet are brown.
Habitat: lives in woods, forests, parks, or gardens.
Food: eats insects, spiders, seeds and berries.
Nest: builds its net in holes everywhere in parks, wooden sites or gardens.
Eggs (colour, number): around 4 to 7 eggs in one nest ; they are a cream, buff or white speckled with reddish-brown colour.
Sedentary or migratory bird?
The Robin is a sedentary bird.
Pass Passport port port
Name:
the European Green Woodpecker
Vocalisation: gives loud calls (= yaffling) and a noisy 'kyü-kyü-kyück' while flying.
Size:
measures 30-33 cm.
Plumage: has green upperparts, yellowish underparts, a red crown in males and all black in females.
Habitat: lives in small woodlands, hedges, old trees, edges of forests or grasslands (gardens).
Food: eats ants on the ground and insects.
Nest: makes a hole in a rotten tree to build its nest.
Eggs (colour, number): around 4 to 6 eggs in one nest; the eggs are white.
Sedentary or migratory bird? The Woodpecker is a sedentary bird.
Pass Passport port port
Name:
the Northern Lapwing
Vocalisation: gives shrill calls (= peewit).
Size:
is 29-32 cm long
Plumage: has rounded wings and a crest, short legs. It is mainly black and white, but the black is tinted green
Habitat: lives in cultivated lands, short vegetation habitats, swamps.
Food: eats insects and small invertebrates, but also seeds. So it is omnivorous.
Nest: the male makes a hole in the ground to build its nest.
Eggs (colour, number): around 3 to 4 eggs in one nest; they are brown.
Sedentary or migratory bird? The Lapwing is a migratory bird. | <urn:uuid:e3d210c6-b220-4e94-96ee-d923826b8467> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 1,800 |
COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF MAKUENI
COUNTY ASSEMBLY OF MAKUENI
SECOND ASSEMBLY – THIRD SESSION
VOTES AND PROCEEDINGS
THURSDAY, 2
ND
MAY, 2019 AT 2:30 P.M.
1. The Assembly assembled at thirty minutes past two O'clock.
2. The Proceedings were opened with Prayer.
3. PRESIDING: - The Hon. Deputy Speaker.
4. PAPERS:-
The following Papers were tabled:-
i. County Assembly Business for the next sitting week.
(Hon. Richard Kasyoki, MCA)
ii. The Makueni County (Executive and Assembly) FY 2019/20Budget Estimates.
(Hon. Richard Kasyoki, MCA)
(Committed to all Sectoral Committees to consider and report to the BAC within 21 days)
iii. County Government of Makueni consolidated Quarterly Reports and Financial Statements for the Quarter ended March 31 st , 2019.
(Hon. Richard Kasyoki, MCA)
(Committee to the Finance and Socioeconomic
Planning Committee to consider (and report back to the House within 30 days)
5. STATEMENTS:-
The following Statements were given:-
i. County Assembly Business for the next sitting week.
(Hon. Richard Kasyoki, MCA)
ii. Statement request (No. 011/2019) regarding the alteration of priority projects proposed for implementation by the Fy 2019/20 in Mavindini Ward
(Member for Mavindini Ward)
(Response due by Thursday, 09/05/2019)
6. MOTION: - THE GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS TO THE COUNTY ASSEMBLY
Motion made and question proposed:-
THAT, the Thanks of the County Assembly be recorded for the exposition of public policy contained in the Address of the Governor delivered to the Assembly on 29 th April, 2019 at 2:30 p.m.;
(Hon. Richard Kasyoki, MCA)
Debate arising;
Mover replied;
Question put and agreed to.
7. ASSEMBLY ROSE: – at seventeen minutes past four O'clock.
-----
MEMORANDUM
The Speaker will take the Chair on Tuesday, 7 th May, 2019 at 2.30 p.m.
---X--- | <urn:uuid:3859ad7f-e36d-4498-bde7-1b48286cccce> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 1,812 |
SVENSKA FN-FÖRBUNDETS UNGDOMSAMBASSADÖRER 2023
SVENSKA FN-FÖRBUNDETS AMBASSADÖRSPROGRAM
Svenska FN-förbundets ungdomsambassadörer är viktiga i arbetet med att informera och engagera fler i samhället för att Agenda 2030 ska bli verklighet. Ambassadörerna är unga medlemmar i FN-förbundet som antas till hedersuppdraget på årsbasis. Till 2023 har vi utbildat 18 ungdomsmedlemmar som under året engagerar sig för en bättre värld genom att vara en del av FN-förbundets ambassadörsprogram. Under året kommer de föreläsa om globala målen och engagera olika målgrupper för att fler ska vara med och bidra till att målen nås till år 2030. FN-förbundet har drivit ambassadörsprogrammet sedan 2012.
Läs mer om vårt arbete för de globala målen för hållbar utveckling på fn.se/agenda2030.
Uppdraget i korthet
- Uppdraget är ideellt och sker vid sidan av arbete och studier.
- Under året ska ambassadörerna ta initiativ till, planera och genomföra aktiviteter som leder till informationsspridning och engagemang för Agenda 2030 och de globala målen för hållbar utveckling och FN-förbundets projekt Flicka och projekt Minor.
- Ambassadörerna uppmuntras samarbeta med lokala FN-föreningar och närliggande FN-skolor.
Vill du ha kontakt med en ambassadör?
Vill du att en ambassadör kommer och föreläser på ditt företag, din skola eller för din FN-förening? Fyll i formuläret på fn.se/ambassadorer eller kontakta projektansvarig:
Malin Swartling
Vikarierande ungdomssekreterare
email@example.com
08 502 315 26
Läs mer på fn.se/ambassadorer
NAMN: Abdullateef Aljumaili
ÅLDER: 27 år
ORT: Eskilstuna
SYSSELSÄTTNING: Handläggare och masterstudent i internationella och europeiska relationer
**Varför har du valt att bli ungdomsambassadör?**
Enda sedan jag var liten har jag varit nyfiken på hur världen fungerar. Att växa upp i en politisk familj under Irakkriget väckte mitt intresse för globala frågor och utvecklingspolitik. Jag tror jag talar för många när jag säger att barn var rädda för att bli dödade eller kidnappade på grund av konflikten. Sedan dess har jag avskytt orättvisor och brunnit för mänskliga rättigheter.
Att veta att FN strävar efter rättvisa har varit viktigt och betydelsefullt för mitt engagemang. Att arbeta för FN skulle tillåta mig att ägna mitt yrkesliv åt att ta itu med saker som är viktiga för mig, som att få slut på krig, global fattigdom och hunger. Jag brinner för att se till så att andra barn inte ska behöva gå igenom det jag gjorde som barn, och för att alla ska försöka sitt bästa för att skapa en bättre värld för utsatta människor.
Om det finns en stabil grund med dessa tre mål och en idé om att alla människor förtjänar att behandlas lika, så öppnar man dörren för att uppnå många av de andra målen eftersom alla målen i Agenda 2030 kompletterar varandra. Jag hoppas vi ska lyckas utbilda en generation som lär sig av våra misstag och som kan utvecklas utan rådslå. Fred och utbildning tar fram det bästa i oss och tar ut oss från mörkret.
**Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?**
Jag har sett hur meningsfullt arbete FN gör i andra länder, hur viktigt det är att hjälpa andra och hur lätt vi kan hamna i en liknande situation som jag upplevde som barn. Enligt mig är kunskap en nyckelkomponent för att det inte ska hända igen. Många unga människor har en begränsad förståelse för FN och dess uppdrag. Vi ger dem möjlighet att påverka och göra ett meningsfullt arbete för en bättre värld där är alla kan känna sig trygga.
**Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?**
Mål 1: ingen fattigdom, mål 4: god utbildning för alla och mål 16: fredliga och inkluderande samhällen.
**Varför har du valt att bli ungdomsambassadör?**
Att få vara ungdomsambassadör för en bättre värld är en stor ära. Jag har valt att bli ambassadör för att skapa förändring i samhället. Det är viktigt för mig att vara med när vi tillsammans skapar en bättre värld. Jag vill vara en del av de som sprider kunskap om de mest aktuella samhällsfrågor. Jag vill ha chansen att inspirera och engagera människor. Jag vill utvecklas som person och kunna se tillbaka och vara stolt över att jag har varit med och åstadkommit förändring.
**Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?**
För mig är hållbar utveckling en av de mest aktuella frågorna. Som ung har jag ett nytt perspektiv på samhället och ser var det finns saker att förbättra. Miljön och klimatet en av de viktigaste frågorna som vi tillsammans måste jobba på. Det är oroväckande för min generation att se vad som händer med vår planet. Därför måste vi fokusera på hållbar utveckling.
**Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?**
Vårt engagemang är det enda sättet som vi kan förändra samhället. Engagemang är en viktig komponent i att inspirera andra och för opinionsbildning, hur litet engagemanget än är. När vi engagerar oss skapar vi diskussioner och möten i samhället som leder till utbyten av tankar och idéer. Vi inspirerar inte bara andra utan även oss själva, får nya erfarenheter och lär känna individer som tänker i samma banor. Att engagera sig är det bästa vi kan göra.
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**Varför har du valt att bli ungdomsambassadör?**
Jag har länge varit engagerad i politiska frågor utifrån ett barn- och ungdomsperspektiv. Det är min drivkraft att som ung arbeta för att skapa en värld vi mår bra av. Att vara ungdomsambassadör öppnar upp en möjlighet att utbilda sig i politiska frågor och få en plattform att möta och opinionsbilda fler att engagera sig.
**Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?**
Minskad ojämlikhet. Just nu sitter ett fåtal på makten och resurserna till att kunna förändra världen. Jag tror att en omfördelning av världens resurser och makt skulle förändra mycket. Där barn och unga också har en plats att forma sin egna samtid och inte bara se på när människor med makt att förändra, sakta men säkert förstör vår gemensamma framtid.
**Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?**
Även om vi har instanser som FN, politiska partier som företrädare oss och organisationer i civilsamhället så har den stora förändringen alltid skett genom folkrörelser. Jag tror på att vi behöver få kunskap, ge den vidare och skapa rum för engagemang. Det är när vi tillsammans inte vill gå med på maktens regler som vi kan förändra. Jag tror att jag är en del av den och jag hoppas att du också vill vara det.
Jag har valt att bli ungdomsambassadör för Svenska FN-förbundet på grund av mitt stora intresse för utvecklingsfrågor. Genom mina universitetsutbildningar har jag fått en djupare förståelse för de utmaningar som vår planet står inför och en passion för att arbeta mot hållbara lösningar. Jag vill använda min kunskap och plattform för att öka medvetenheten om dessa viktiga frågor och inspirera andra att göra detsamma.
Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?
Den FN-fråga som jag brinner mest för är hållbara livsmedelssystem och livsmedelsäkerhet, vilket ligger i linje med det globala målet "ingen hunger". Säkerställandet av tillgång till hälsosam och näringsrik mat för alla är en grundläggande mänsklig rättighet och en viktig drivkraft för hållbar utveckling. Jag är särskilt intresserad av sambandet mellan livsmedelssystem och klimatförändringar, och behovet av att utveckla motståndskraftiga och hållbara livsmedelssystem som kan anpassa sig till det förändrade klimatet.
Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?
Jag tycker att det är viktigt att engagera sig eftersom unga människor har energin, kreativiteten och passionen att driva positiv förändring i samhället och globalt. Dessutom är investeringar i unga avgörande för vår planets och dess invånares långsiktiga hållbarhet och utveckling. Jag hoppas kunna stödja unga människor i att göra skillnad och göra världen till en bättre plats för alla.
Varför har du valt att bli ungdomsambassadör?
Många personer engagerar sig inte i olika frågor för att de inte har informationen om att en viss sak är på ett visst sätt. De är inte insatta i dagens kriser och hur världen ser ut. Om man inte vet att saker händer hur ska man då kunna göra något åt det? Att kunna ge personer kunskap som kan tända en gnista till framtida engagemang är anledningen till att jag valde att bli ungdomsambassadör.
Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?
Den frågan som jag brinner mest för är nedrustning av kärnvapen. Det var den frågan som fick mig att bli engagerad i civilsamhället till att börja med. Att dessa vapen kan förinta hela människligheten är helt ofattbart för mig. När jag får frågan om kärnvapen ens kan nedrustas, så svarar jag att det måste de. För min och alla andra ungas framtid.
Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?
Jag känner att som en individ bosatt i en del av världen där man har möjlighet och privilegiet att engagera sig, så är det min plikt. Det är en plikt att förbättra den värld vi lever i för våra medmänniskor men också oss själva. Man kan inte bara ta hela tiden utan man måste också ge något tillbaka.
Jag blev indragten i skolans FN-förening när jag började gymnasiet. Det blev en möjlighet för mig att lära mig om hur FN arbetar för en bättre värld. När jag väl var inne i systemet insåg jag att jag, som 17 åring, fick göra min röst hörd. Högre uppsatta personer började lyssna på mina ord. Det var en stor ära för mig att bli antagen till större konferenser, och jag spenderade större delen av tiden på att studera varje detalj och försöka ta in allt. Därför kändes ambassadorsskapet som ett naturligt nästa steg. Jag känner mig redo att sprida allt jag lärt mig, redo för att göra en insats för en bättre värld.
Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?
Frågor som rör kvinnors rättigheter samt frågor kring allas rätt till utbildning har alltid varit extra viktiga för mig. Speciellt då jag själv alltid tagit min utbildning för givet och vuxit upp i ett land som, mestadels, ger kvinnor samma möjligheter som män. Mål 5 i FN:s globala mål har jag fastnat lite extra för och Projekt Flicka håller jag varmt om hjärtat.
Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?
Utifrån egen erfarenhet vet jag att det är väldigt svårt att som ung bli bemötts på ett seriöst sätt i situationer där ämnena som diskuteras inte är menade för yngre. Samtidigt så är det också dessa ämnen som i sin tur påverkar den yngre generationen. Det är därför upp till oss att visa att vi är kapabla till att hantera dessa frågor. Jag tror att genom att fler unga blir medvetna om världens situation blir det också lättare för oss att påverka. Ett ungt engagemang är viktigt för att hitta lösningar och utveckla samhället. Det är vi som står inför framtidens samhälle, då borde också vi ha något att säga till om.
Varför har du valt att bli ungdomsambassadör?
Jag har valt att bli ungdomsambassadör eftersom jag brinner för de mänskliga rättigheterna och arbetet att upprätthålla dessa i en värld som ständigt förändras. Den rådande världsordningen bidrar till att de mänskliga rättigheterna endast tillgodoser en del av världens befolkning och därmed skapar stora klyftor. Genom ambassadorsskapet ges en möjlighet till inflytelserikt engagemang och spridning av kunskap för att fler människor ska bli inspirerade att ta del av arbetet för en bättre värld.
Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?
Jämställdhet mellan könen anser jag vara en förutsättning för att upprätthålla fredliga samhällen och på så vis också kunna nå målen i Agenda 2030. FN:s arbete med kvinnor och flickors rättigheter, däribland genom Projekt Flicka, ligger mig särskilt varmt om hjärtat. Att en stor del av befolkningen inte har samma tillgång till omvärlden skapar konsekvenser för ländernas samhällsutveckling där våld och diskriminering är många kvinnor och flickors vardag. Rätten till självbestämmande och säkerhet är ett grundläggande behov som behöver fördelas rättvist för en hållbar värld. Samtidigt är det viktigt att se FN:s arbete som en helhet, där en fråga inte är viktigare än en annan. Målen som återfinns i Agenda 2030 är odelbara och ömsesidigt beroende av varandra.
Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?
Dessa frågor kan emellertid kännas stora och komplexa vilket kan bidra till att vi som individer upplever att vi står hjälplösa, men det är av yttersta vikt att inte underskatta vad vi som civilsamhälle kan åstadkomma. Engagemang och kunskap är hörnstenar i arbetet för en bättre värld och vi unga sitter på en stor potential att kunna bidra till en bättre värld genom att ta vara på vår röst.
**Varför har du valt att bli ungdomsambassadör?**
Jag valde att söka förtroendet att få vara ungdomsambassadör eftersom jag under hela min livstid brunnit för just det, en bättre värld. Jag har under mitt engagemang jobbat nästan enbart med frågor som rör de Globala målen, Agenda 2030 samt hållbar utveckling och därför kändes det naturligt att nästa steg skulle vara hedersuppdraget som ungdomsambassadör.
**Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?**
Den fråga som jag brinner mest för är det 10:e globala målet “Minskad ojämlikhet” om ekonomisk ojämlikhet. För mig finns det inget viktigare i ett samhällsbygge än att alla ska ha samma möjligheter att leva ett värdigt och drägtigt liv. Det ska inte spela någon roll var du kommer ifrån, hur du ser ut, hur du väljer att leva ditt liv eller vilken storlek på plånboken dina föräldrar har. För mig är det en fråga om respekt. Respekt för varenda människas enskilda drömmar.
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**Varför har du valt att bli ungdomsambassadör?**
Jag valde att ansöka till att bli ungdomsambassadör eftersom jag anser att det är en roll jag kan använda för att sprida kunskap och förståelse om FN till andra människor. Genom mitt brinnande engagemang för frågor som rör mänskliga rättigheter, kvinnors rättigheter och fredsfrågor kan jag ge upphov till att andra individer kan hitta sitt sätt att göra förändring och utforska sina värderingsfrågor.
**Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?**
Den FN-fråga jag brinner mest för är mänskliga rättigheter. FN:s deklaration av mänskliga rättigheter beskriver anledningen till att jag brinner för den: “De mänskliga rättigheterna gäller för alla”. Den slår fast att alla människor är födda fria och i lika värde och rättigheter oavsett vilket ursprung, etnicitet, ålder, kön eller sexuell läggning man har.
**Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?**
Vi ser idag en trend av att människor, främst ungdomar, slutat engagera sig i politiska partier eller i civilsamhälleorganisationer och istället engagerar sig digitalt. Även om digital aktivism är superviktigt så kan vi inte slappa taget om det organiserade engagemanget och gräsrotsengagemanget. För det är i det organiserade engagemanget vi lär oss om demokrati och formas till framtidens ledare. Om vi unga inte tar taktpinnen så kommer vi snart behöva springa för våra liv, bokstavligen talat. För hur ska en framtida värld utan ledare kunna tackla alla samhällsproblem? Hur ska vi lösa klimatkrisen om vi inte har några ledare? Hur ska vi kunna motverka otryggheten om vi inte har några ledare? Hur ska vi kunna hålla hoppet om demokratin levande om vi inte har några demokratiska ledare?
Sedan jag var liten har jag haft ett stort intresse för frågor om fred, mänskliga rättigheter och orättvisor i världen. Jag tycker det är viktigt att människor som intresserar sig för olika frågor går från ord till handling. Att komma ihåg att alla handlingar, oavsett stor eller liten, gör en skillnad. Det som är viktigt med att engagera sig är vetskapen om att om en person engagerar sig, så blir vi fler som gör det tillsammans. Tillsammans kan vi göra skillnad och sprida kunskap för en bättre värld.
Jag har alltid tyckt att det FN står för och gör i världen är viktigt och något som måste förmedlas. Själv är jag en mycket pratig person som älskar att diskutera vilket gjorde att rollen som ungdomsambassadör, där jag får göra just det, är perfekt för mig. Jag får föreläsa om intressanta ämnen och möta såväl människor som är entusiastiska kring ämnet, som andra som ännu inte insett hur FN och dess roll genomsyrar allt.
Att födas i ett land som Sverige med alla dess möjligheter är ett privilegium som jag önskar alla människor. Ett land där skolgång, vård och rätten att uttrycka sig är en självklarhet. Att det är långt ifrån standard i många delar av världen måste förändras.
Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?
Det är genom entusiasm, engagemang och många timmars ideellt arbete som förändring sker. Unga liksom äldre som tillsammans samlas i en folkrörelse är en kraft att räkna med. Detta är hur vi medborgare kan kommunicera med staten och få inflytande på det samhälle vi vill se växa fram. Utöver det är det en härlig känsla och gemenskap som skapas när man samlas och går ihop för något man brinner för. Testa du också!
Varför har du valt att bli ungdomsambassadör?
Jag har valt att bli ambassadör då jag brinner för FN och globala frågor. Genom att vara ambassadör hoppas jag att kunna sprida information om globala frågor och få fler att engagera sig, vare sig de är unga eller äldre, samt att jobba för en hållbar framtid.
Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?
Att engagera sig tycker jag är väldigt viktigt. Genom att sprida information och kunskap kan man få fler att engagera sig och skapa en verklig förändring i världen. Om fler engagerar sig i samhällsfrågor, litet som stort, kan vi tillsammans jobba mot en hållbar och jämlik framtid.
Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?
Klimatfrågan har länge varit något jag engagerat mig i och är väldigt passionerad kring. Klimatet är en fråga som påverkar alla oavsett ålder, kön eller vilken del av världen man bor i. Vi har bara en planet och för att långsiktigt kunna lösa andra samhällsproblem måste vi se till att det finns en planet för nästa generation.
Jag har ett genuint intresse för fred och säkerhet och vill sprida vidare den kunskapen och engagera fler i viktiga samhällsfrågor. Jag anser att det är avgörande att utbilda och uppmuntra fler unga att engagera sig i frågor som kan kännas komplexa. Samtidigt tror jag att uppdraget som ambassadör även kan stärka och utveckla mitt eget engagemang inom civilsamhället.
Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?
Jag brinner främst för frågor som rör fred och säkerhet, vilket givetvis kan handla om mycket. Men jag anser att det är särskilt viktigt med nedrustningsarbetet av kärnvapen och minor, då det drabbar otroligt många människor och utgör ett hot mot framtida generationer.
Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?
Jag tycker det är viktigt att engagera sig för att vår egen och kommande generation ska kunna ha en säker värld och hållbar samhällsutveckling. För mig är det också viktigt att känna att jag har gjort min del när det kommer till det arbetet.
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Varför har du valt att bli ungdomsambassadör?
Min passion för jämlikhet har funnits hos mig sedan jag var liten och har växt sig starkare med åren. Jag står gärna upp och tar ställning för andra. Då jag är född i Thailand men uppvuxen i Sverige har jag fått se två sidor av hur ett samhälle kan se ut. Det är anledningen till att jag alltid önskat bidra med det jag kan för att förbättra vår värld. Jag tror starkt på att FN är en plattform som upplyst världen om att ta hand om varandra. Därför ville jag bli ungdomsambassadör. Att skapa engagemang och sprida kunskap om FN-frågor tror jag är en bra början på en väg mot en bättre värld.
Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?
FN:s globala mål för minskad ojämlikhet då jag anser att människan är grunden för ett hållbart samhälle. Människan står bakom såväl de positiva framstegen som existerar i världen, som de negativa. Dess konsekvenser har påverkat oss på både gott och ont. Det går inte att blunda för att det finns en del människor som har det sämre. Att främja och förbättra allas rättigheter tror jag är vägen till en bättre värld. Allas rätt till ett bra liv är en förutsättning för ett mer utvecklat och hållbart samhälle. Har alla människor tillgång till mat och vatten, utbildning och arbete, kommer samhällen världen över att utvecklas.
Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?
Det är viktigt att engagera sig för att det behövs. Vägen till utveckling är att det finns människor som engagerar och bryr sig. Min roll i världen, vad jag kan bidra med och vad jag väljer att göra, påverkar inte bara mig utan även andra runt omkring mig. Önskan om en bättre framtid kan inte bli sann om det inte finns något engagemang för att nå målet. Jag är en av de som vill att önskan ska bli sann.
**Varför har du valt att bli ungdomsambassadör?**
Jag är ungdomsambassadör i hopp om att engagera eller väcka intresse hos andra människor för frågor som jag själv brinner för. Min förhoppning är att få så ett frö hos någon, gammal som ung. Det var så mitt engagemang började när jag var yngre – att någon sådde ett frö som fick växa!
**Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?**
Människa rättigheter ligger mig varmt om hjärtat och i synnerhet barns rättigheter. Att barn ska få sina röster hörda, få växa upp i fred och kunna gå i skolan är fundamentalt för en hållbar framtid.
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**Varför har du valt att bli ungdomsambassadör?**
Jag tror att det finns ett stort intresse för FN:s arbete i vårt samhälle men att intresset lätt faller mellan stolarna i saknaden på konkreta handlingsalternativ. Genom att vara ungdomsambassadör har jag möjlighet att bidra med kunskap som ger en ökad förståelse för FN och visa hur ens engagemang faktiskt gör skillnad. Särskilt då FN är en såpass bred organisation så tror jag att kunskaps-spridning är centralt för att driva på det engagemang som krävs för att skapa en bättre värld.
**Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?**
Flera FN-frågor samverkar och arbetet för en gynnar oftast fler, men något jag brinner lite extra för är barns rättigheter då de är maktlösa inför vilken position de får i världen. Att arbeta för minskad social och ekonomisk ojämlikhet, såväl lokalt som globalt, är en hörnsten för att skapa en jämlik utgångspunkt för alla barn. I synnerhet är en god utbildning för alla barn en av mina hjärtefrågor då det ger barn mandat över sina egna liv samt är en formgivande plattform för framtidens aktörer.
**Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?**
Många av de stora samhälleliga skiften som har gett vad som idag är våra rättigheter, började med folkrörelser. Skulle kvinnor någonsin ha fått rösträtt om inte det fanns en opinionsbildande kvinnorättsrörelse? Jag tror att ett folkligt stöd ofta är vad som behövs för att makthavare ska ta tag i tuffa frågor, som i exempelvis Agenda 2030. Därmed blir individens engagemang viktigt, då det möjliggör skapandet av en större social rörelse. Genom att engagera sig visar en sin omgivning och omvärld vad en tycker är viktigt, och blir en del av ett sammanhang som aktivt arbetar för förändring.
NAMN: Pontus Tegström
ÅLDER: 22 år
ORT: Stockholm
SYSSELSÄTTNING: Studerar juridik och internationella relationer
**Varför har du valt att bli ungdomsambassadör?**
Ambassadörsrollen ger en möjlighet att engagera och sprida kunskap om viktiga frågor. Den erbjuder ett möte med drivande människor från olika bakgrunder och med olika perspektiv. Jag ser fram emot dessa möten. Att träffa andra engagerade och ta del av lärdomar och inspiration.
**Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?**
Att välja bland alla viktiga mål är inte enkelt. Arbetet för det ena, kompletterar på något sätt det andra. För mig är dock mål 16, om fredliga och inkluderande samhällen, det viktigaste. En fungerande rättsstat där mänskliga rättigheter respekteras. Genom orätt – aldrig rätt. Genom rätt – aldrig orätt.
**Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?**
Varje dag begås det brott mot mänskliga fri- och rättigheter. Brotten tar sig uttryck i otaliga former. Från stater som diskriminerar, till individer som trakasserar. Att inte agera är att negligerar. Så för varje dag som överträdelse av mänskliga fri- och rättigheter sker, måste det finnas en kraft för dessa. Engagemanget är denna kraft.
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NAMN: Nurfer Aslan
ÅLDER: 27 år
ORT: Västerås
SYSSELSÄTTNING: Masterstudent i Internationella och europeiska relationer
**Varför har du valt att bli ungdomsambassadör?**
Jag har alltid brunnit för olika samhällsfrågor, både globala och nationella. Det har alltid funnits en drivkraft inom mig att jag vill förändra orättvisor i samhället och världen. Jag vill vara en del av det viktiga arbetet och få möjligheten att göra skillnad och påverka andra människor i globala frågor. Jag har alltid engagerat mig för människors lika värde, särskilt för utsatta grupper i samhället, samt i frågor om hållbar utveckling. Det är oerhört viktigt för mig att engagera mig. Att kunna påverka och aktivt arbeta för en bättre värld.
**Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?**
Jag tycker alla FN-frågor mer eller mindre är kopplade till varandra och därför tycker jag alla är viktiga och aktuella. Därför är det svårt att välja just en fråga, men tre frågor som ligger mig extra varmt om hjärtat är mål 1: ingen fattigdom, mål 5: jämställdhet och mål 16: fredliga och inkluderande samhällen.
**Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?**
För mig handlar det om att investera sin tid och engagera sig i något som kommer påverka vår värld och våra framtida generationer till att leva i en mer utvecklad värld med förhoppning om fred på jorden. Just nu lever vi i en tid där allt vi gör och säger kan påverka mer än vad vi tror. Därför är det minsta vi kan göra att engagera oss, eller åtminstone sprida budskap som kan bidra till att fler människor väljer att engagera sig i dessa frågor.
Barn blir utsatta för grymheter och människor lever i extrem fattigdom. Vi som medmänniskor behöver samarbeta och sprida livsviktiga budskap till allmänheten som kanske inte har så bra kännedom av vad som sker i världen. Det är vi människor runtom i världen som först behöver bli enade om hur livsviktigt det är att engagera sig och samarbeta. Det finns inget stort eller litet engagemang, all spridning av information och deltagande är viktigare än vad man tror.
Jag har blivit ungdomsambassadör eftersom jag brinner för internationella relationer, mänskliga rättigheter och jämlikhet. Jag är en person som lätt kommer in i nya grupper oavsett var man kommer ifrån och oavsett kön. Jag är ansvarstagande och tar gärna på mig ansvar i nya grupper. Jag är nyfiken på andra människor och har stor empati. Som ambassadör kan jag skapa engagemang, inspirera människor och få fler engagerade i samhället att arbeta mot hållbar utveckling, globala frågor och FN:s arbete. Jag anser att alla världsmedborgare behöver engagera sig för att vi ska uppnå en bättre värld.
En aspekt för jämställdhet är det kulturella problemet där kvinnor under sin menstruation tvingas stanna hemma på grund av brist på god sanitet och rent vatten i skolor. Detta blir en hälso- och säkerhetsrisk för kvinnor och flickor eftersom det minskar socialt deltagande och begränsar flickors rätt till utbildning. Bristen på toaletter tvingar ofta kvinnor att vänta tills mörkret faller vilket utsätter dem för risk för sexuellt våld. Det hela visar på en brist i jämställdhet där kvinnor och män inte har lika förutsättningar.
Varför tycker du att det är viktigt att engagera sig?
Genom att engagera mig som ungdomsambassadör för Svenska FN-förbundet kan jag främja FN:s arbete, skapa engagemang och inspirera människor till att bli mer medvetna om vår värld och de utmaningar vi har. Och med det hoppas jag att mitt bidrag kan leda till att Svenska FN-förbundet växer, vilket gör att vi får starkare röster i samhället. Om fler blir medvetna om de globala målen och Agenda 2030 kan arbetet med att göra världen till en bättre och säkrare plats blir ännu effektivare.
Vilken FN-fråga brinner du mest för?
Jag tycker att alla målen är viktiga eftersom de överlappar och påverkar varandra. Om man löser ett mål, kommer det påverka flera andra. Men om jag ändå ska välja en skulle det vara mål 6: Rent vatten och sanitet, vilken jag anser påverkar mål 4: Utbildning och mål 5: Jämställdhet. | 8ddf54e8-3cc6-4b71-9b36-37d13c2d2511 | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/swe_Latn/train | finepdfs | swe_Latn | 28,079 |
Code produit
Famille
D1101
Ergonomie
UP Oui
THÉMATIQUE
OBJECTIFS
PROGRAMME
MÉTHODE
PUBLIC
LIEU D'INTERVENTION
AMÉNAGEMENT ERGONOMIQUE D'UN POSTE DE TRAVAIL
DEVANT ÉCRAN
Prévention des risques liés au travail sur écran de visualisation. Code du Bien-Être au Travail - Livre III - Lieux de travail. Code du Bien-Être au Travail - Livre VIII - Contraintes ergonomiques. Code du Bien-Être au Travail - Livre VIII - Titre 2 - Écrans de visualisation.
Aménagement correct de tout poste de travail devant écran de visualisation.
* L'ergonome prend contact avec l'affilié afin de prévoir une ou plusieurs dates pour la visite des postes de travail devant écran.
* Évaluation :
- L'ergonome passera en revue (en fonction de la demande de l'employeur) chaque poste de travail et abordera la posture assise, l'organisation du travail, l'importance des petites pauses et des étirements ainsi que l'aménagement correct du poste devant écran.
- L'ergonome réalisera les adaptations possibles le jour de l'analyse des postes (hauteur d'écran, réglage du siège…) et notera d'éventuelles propositions d'amélioration supplémentaires qui ne peuvent être réalisées le jour de l'analyse (changement d'orientation d'un bureau, l'achat de matériel particulier…). Les adaptations seront propres à la personne et fonction des tâches réalisées, du matériel utilisé, des plaintes, lésions, douleurs ou limitations éventuelles chez la personne.
- Dans tous les cas, les participants seront sollicités à se prononcer sur l'analyse des postes et les propositions d'amélioration.
* Rédaction d'un rapport : l'évaluation de l'analyse de poste de travail fera l'objet d'un rapport qui reprendra :
- Les objectifs poursuivis.
- L'organisation et le déroulement des visites des postes de travail.
- Quelques recommandations générales.
- Les recommandations et propositions d'améliorations spécifiques pour les postes de travail visités.
* L'évaluation individuelle consistera en une visite des postes de travail, en présence du travailleur, afin de vérifier de manière succincte différents aspects du poste de travail (matériel, écran, siège, bureau, éclairage) sur base d'une check-list préétablie.
* Une fiche individuelle sera fournie et à la demande une étude statistique pourra être réalisée.
* L'utilisation d'un appareil photo, d'un mètre et d'un luxmètre est nécessaire.
Employeur, membres de la ligne hiérarchique, travailleurs, service interne de prévention.
Au sein de l'entreprise. | <urn:uuid:3203b548-d8d2-49eb-820e-c1d1a1787205> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/fra_Latn/train | finepdfs | fra_Latn | 2,486 |
Kursplan för forskarutbildning i kulturgeograf vid Karlstads universitet
Kulturgeografins geografier, 5 poäng
The Geographies of Human Geography, 5 credits, ht-03
Fastställd av Forskarutbildningsnämnden Hum/Sam 2003-11-05
(Dnr F 24/03)
Beslut om inrättande
Kursen omfattar 5 poäng och ingår i forskarutbildningen i kulturgeografi. Kursplanen är fastställd av Forskarutbildningsnämnden Hum/Sam 2003-11-05.
Målgrupp och behörighetskrav
Kursen vänder sig i första hand till forskarstuderande i kulturgeografi. I andra hand till forskarstuderande i ämne inom humaniora eller samhällsvetenskap. Den studerande skall vara antagen till forskarutbildning (humaniora eller samhällsvetenskap).
Mål
Forskarkursen syftar till att ge en fördjupad kunskap om kulturgeografins ämnesteoretiska och historiegeografiska utveckling. Kursen behandlar kulturgeografins inre & yttre geografier med utgångspunkt i de två centrala ämnesteoretiska begreppen; rum och landskap. I termer av kunskapsmål skall den forskarstuderande efter avslutad kurs självständigt och kritiskt kunna:
- redogöra för, och förhålla sig till, kulturgeografins ämnesteoretiska historiegeografiska utveckling, särskilt med avseende på samspelet mellan inre och yttre geografier
- utnyttja olika ämnesteoretiska kunskapstraditioner och insikter för egna ställningstaganden till dåtida och aktuella kulturgeografier och forskningsproblem
- artikulera och problematisera den egna ämnesteoretiska positionen i relation till kulturgeografins inre och yttre geografier
Innehåll
Kursen består av tre delmoment. Delmoment 1 behandlar det ämnesteoretiska begreppet rum, delmoment 2 landskap och delmoment 3 olika idéhistoriska och ämnesteoretiska traditioner inom kulturgeografin. Därtill kommer en avslutande del då kursdeltagarnas egna uppsatser behandlas.
Kursen utgår från betydelsen av att geografera/förrumsliga kulturgeografins idéhistoriska och ämnesteoretiska utveckling. Den syftar samtidigt till att förmedla analytiska redskap för förstå och analysera denna utveckling genom geografering/förrumsligande. Särskilt kommer samspelet mellan inre och yttre geografier att betonas.
Med inre geografier avses den interna ämnesteoretiska utvecklingen. Detta innebär att kulturgeografisk idétradition och ämnesteori behandlas och kartläggs som en intern (föreställd) geografi med hjälp av vetenskapsteori och de centrala koordinataxlarna ontologi och epistemologi. Med yttre geografier avses sociala, historiska, kulturella och andra omgivande faktorers betydelse för den ämnesteoretiska utvecklingen. Detta innebär även att likheter och skillnader mellan olika diskurser, aktörer och institutioner problematiseras i relation till deras geografier/rumsliheter.
Inre och yttre geografier är relaterade till en geografering/förrumsligande av kulturgeografins idéhistoriska och ämnesteoretiska utveckling som betonar tre aspekter:
- den tidrumsliga organiseringen av mänskligt liv (människors och jordens geografi)
- aktörer och institutioner (samhällens och världens geografi)
- kartor, kategorier och begrepp (den föreställda geografin)
Undervisning
Undervisningen sker i huvudsak i form av litteraturseminarier vilka kompletteras med föreläsningar, videoseminarier och exkursion.
Examination
Examination sker genom aktiv närvaro (diskussion och presentation av kurslitteratur) och författande av en uppsats på 7.000 ord. I denna skall kurslitteraturen behandlas utifrån kursens kunskapsmål.
Lokala föreskrifter
Student som har underkänts två gånger i prov för viss kurs eller del av kurs har rätt att hos Forskarutbildningsnämnden begära att annan examinator utses.
Utvärdering
I kursen ingår fortlöpande utvärdering där de studerande ges möjlighet att påverka kursen med avseende på innehåll och form. Efter avslutad kurs sker en skriftlig utvärdering vilken är vägledande för utveckling och planering av kommande kurser. | <urn:uuid:51c6dfdd-2565-4325-a0f1-cd57aa36b496> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/swe_Latn/train | finepdfs | swe_Latn | 3,881 |
Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia Grupo de Comunicaciones y educación Ambiental
INFORME EJECUTIVO
ENCUESTA DE SATIFACCION USUARIOS CENTRO DE DOCUMENTACION – NIVEL CENTRAL
Presentado:
MARCELA MORA CASTRO Contratista
Centro de Documentación
Nivel Central
Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia
Teléfono: 353 2400 Ext.: 3410
Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia
Grupo de Comunicaciones y educación Ambiental
CENTRO DE DOCUMENTACIÓN
El Centro de Documentación de Parques Nacionales Naturales es la unidad de información que almacena, analiza, procesa y divulga la documentación que existe sobre las áreas protegidas de Colombia y temas afines con el medio ambiente. El Centro de Documentación posee la colección más completa, única en Colombia, sobre las 59 áreas protegidas. Así mismo se puede encontrar entre otros temas: planes de manejo, estudios de flora y fauna, impacto ambiental, capacidad de carga, ecoturismo, infraestructura turística, trabajo con comunidades, colonización, legislación ambiental, zonas amortiguadoras y estudios de campo entre otros. La colección bibliográfica se ha conformado a partir de documentos, producto de las investigaciones realizadas por los funcionarios y contratistas de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, consultorias, asesorías y trabajos de grado aportados por diferentes universidades
El Centro de Documentación de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia cuenta con un formato denominado "ENCUESTA DE SATISFACCIÒN USUARIO", el cual nos permite conocer la opinión de nuestros visitantes y mejorar cada día más el servicio, acercándolo al cumplimiento de sus requisitos.
Formato de Encuesta de Satisfacción Usuario Centro de Documentación
Teléfono: 353 2400 Ext.: 3410
ANÁLISIS DE DATOS
Para este informe se logró realizar una tabulación de 97 encuestas que fueron diligenciadas por una parte de los usuarios atendidos en el Centro de Documentación Mediante el análisis estadístico de los datos, se logra alcanzar los siguientes resultados:
PREGUNTA – OCUPACION
| | TOTAL |
|---|---|
| ESTUDIANTE | 73 |
| PROFESIONAL | 10 |
| TECNICO | 2 |
| INVESTIGADOR | 4 |
| CONSULTOR | 1 |
| INDEPENDIENTE | 6 |
| OTRO | 1 |
97
ANÀLISIS GRÀFICO
Como se puede detallar en la gráfica de los 97 usuarios atendidos, 75% fueron estudiantes, lo que se evidencia es que nuestro fuerte en usuarios son estudiantes de diferentes instituciones educativas
Teléfono: 353 2400 Ext.: 3410
Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia
Grupo de Comunicaciones y educación Ambiental
PREGUNTA - MEDIO POR EL CUAL SE ENTERO
ANÀLISIS GRÀFICO
Para este caso según esta tabulación se puede apreciar que el 42% de los usuarios se enteraron del Centro de Documentación a través de la internet, y que con un 33% a través de un amigo, un 9% a través de evento y 15 % nos indican que por otro canal.
PREGUNTA ATENCION RECIBIDA – Amabilidad
97
Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia
Grupo de Comunicaciones y educación Ambiental
ANÀLISIS GRÀFICO
Para este caso según esta tabulación en cuanto a la atención recibida con el factor de la amabilidad se detalla que 89% de los usuarios manifestaron que la atención recibida fue excelente y con un 11% los usuarios respondieron que fue buena.
PREGUNTA ATENCION RECIBIDA – Agilidad
| | TOTAL |
|---|---|
| EXCELENTE | 81 |
| BUENO | 16 |
| REGULAR | 0 |
| MALA | 0 |
97
ANÀLISIS GRÀFICO
Para este caso según en cuanto a la atención recibida con el factor de la agilidad se detalla que el 84 % de los usuarios manifestaron que la atención en cuanto agilidad fue excelente y con un 16% los usuarios respondieron que fue buena.
Teléfono: 353 2400 Ext.: 3410
Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia
Grupo de Comunicaciones y educación Ambiental
PREGUNTA - CONDICIONES SALA LECTURA - Espacio Físico
97
ANÀLISIS GRÀFICO
Con relación a esta pregunta se puede evidenciar que en cuanto al espacio físico del Centro de Documentación un 73% de los usuarios dejaron ver su aceptación manifestando que el espacio físico del centro de Documentación es excelente y el 27% de los usuarios manifestaron que fue bueno.
PREGUNTA - TEMAS CONSULTADOS
| | TOTAL |
|---|---|
| PLANES DE MANEJO | 47 |
| PROYECTOS DE INVESTIGA. | 6 |
| OTROS | 44 |
97
Teléfono: 353 2400 Ext.: 3410
ANÀLISIS GRÀFICO
Con relación a esta pregunta se puede evidenciar que el tema más consultado por los usuarios en el centro de Documentación del Nivel central con un 48% son los planes de manejo de las áreas de Parques Nacionales, de acuerdo a esta tabulación tenemos que con un 6% los usuarios consultaron proyectos de investigación en Parques y con un 45% de los usuarios se reflejan otros temas tales como educación ambiental, ecoturismos, interpretación ambiental, cultivos ilícitos entre otros.
PREGUNTA 12 - INFORMACION CONSULTADA SUFICIENTE?
| | TOTAL |
|---|---|
| SI | 91 |
| NO | 6 |
97
Con relación a esta pregunta se puede evidenciar que el 94% de los usuarios manifestaron que fue suficiente la información consultada y un 6% de los usuarios manifestaron que No fue suficiente.
Teléfono: 353 2400 Ext.: 3410
Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia Grupo de Comunicaciones y educación Ambiental
El análisis de estas encuestas también dejaron detallar varias observaciones que realizaron los usuarios en cuanto a recomendaciones para la mejora de los servicios que presta el Centro de Documentación de Parques Nacionales, a continuación se relaciona algunas de estas observaciones.
"Por favor tener más folletos informativos sobre el parque Nacional Chingaza, muchísimas gracias"
"Mejoraría la atención notablemente si ofrecieran un tinto a los consultantes"
"Excelente el servicio pero mejoraría si prestaran el servicio de fotocopiado"
"Deberían contar con una sala de proyección de video de los parques Nacionales"
Teléfono: 353 2400 Ext.: 3410 | <urn:uuid:4c4b119c-6d6d-4b5c-8b94-71f425a324e1> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/spa_Latn/train | finepdfs | spa_Latn | 5,856 |
RECOURS CONTRE LES DECISIONS DU CONSEIL DE CLASSE ET DES JURYS DE QUALIFICATION
Peut-on contester une décision d'échec d'un conseil de classe?
Peut-on contester une décision d'échec d'un jury de qualification ?
Ton année scolaire se solde par un échec? Tu n'es pas d'accord avec la décision du conseil de classe ? Tu ne la comprends pas ? Tu ne sais pas ce que tu peux faire? Cette fiche t'aidera à y voir un peu plus clair.
Attention. Les principes exposés dans cette fiche s'appliquent à l'enseignement secondaire de plein exercice.
Quel est le rôle du conseil de classe à la fin de l'année scolaire ?
Dans l'enseignement secondaire, le conseil de classe est chargé de prendre les décisions relatives au passage de classe. Cela signifie que c'est lui qui doit décider si ton année scolaire est ou non réussie. Pour prendre cette décision, il peut s'appuyer sur de nombreux éléments.
Par exemple : les résultats que tu as obtenus tout au long de l'année, ton parcours antérieur, ou encore, des éléments qui seraient communiqués par le centre PMS…
Les procédures d'évaluation et de délibération des conseils de classe ainsi que la communication des décisions sont définies dans le règlement des études que tu as reçu lors de l'inscription.
Quel est le rôle du jury de qualification ?
Le jury de qualification est chargé de délivrer le certificat de qualification en s'appuyant notamment sur les compétences des élèves.
Quelles décisions le conseil de classe peut-il prendre ?
Le conseil de classe peut :
Délivrer une AOA, s'il estime que ton année est réussie.
Délivrer une AOB, c'est -à- dire que tu peux passer dans une année supérieure, mais tes choix d'option seront limités.
Délivrer une AOC, s'il estime que ton année est malheureusement ratée.
Décider que tu es ajourné et que pour réussir ton année tu dois passer avec succès un ou plusieurs examens en septembre. Dans ce cas, tu recevras ton attestation après le conseil de classe de septembre.
Par exemple : tu peux réussir ton année avec une restriction pour l'enseignement général. Cela signifie que tu pourras aller en technique, professionnel, enseignement en alternance dans l'année supérieure mais si tu veux rester en général, tu devras doubler.
NB: « AO » signifie: « attestation d'orientation »
Quelles décisions le jury de qualification peut-il prendre ?
Le jury de qualification peut :
Délivrer le certificat de qualification.
Décider qu'il y a des lacunes et te faire repasser ta qualification en septembre.
Refuser de délivrer le certificat de qualification.
Que faire si la décision du conseil de classe ou du jury de qualification te paraît injuste ou trop sévère?
Aller voir tes examens
Une première démarche utile pourrait être de demander à avoir accès aux épreuves organisées dans les matières pour lesquelles tu as obtenu un échec (afin de tenter de mieux comprendre la décision de tes professeurs). Nous te conseillons de bien te renseigner afin de savoir à quel moment une rencontre entre les parents et les professeurs est organisée. Tu pourras certainement y obtenir des renseignements éclairants !
Tes parents, si tu es mineur, ou toi, si tu es majeur, avez le droit de consulter, en présence du professeur responsable de l'évaluation (si celui-ci est disponible), toute épreuve constituant le fondement ou une partie du fondement de la décision du conseil de classe ou du jury de qualification.
L'école a donc l'obligation d'organiser un accès aux copies d'examen. Bien entendu, ce droit se limite à la consultation de tes épreuves et n'implique pas un accès à celles de tes condisciples !
Tes parents peuvent, s'ils le souhaitent, aller consulter tes examens en étant accompagnés par une personne de leur choix. Une photocopie de tes épreuves peut être obtenue auprès de l'école (à tes frais). Celle-ci a l'obligation de te remettre les copies demandées.
Demander des précisions complémentaires
De même, il est prévu que tu puisses obtenir des précisions sur la motivation de la décision du conseil de classe ou du jury de qualification. A ta demande (si tu as plus de 18 ans) ou à celle de tes parents (si tu es mineur), le chef d'établissement te remettra un écrit précisant les raisons pour lesquelles le conseil de classe a opté pour une décision d'échec ou de réussite avec restriction ou les raisons pour lesquelles le jury de qualification a opté pour une décision d'échec.
La procédure interne
Si tu souhaites contester la décision du conseil de classe ou du jury de qualification, il convient tout d'abord d'introduire un recours via une procédure de conciliation interne (dont les modalités sont prévues dans le règlement des études de ton école). Cette procédure, qui peut être introduite de manière orale ou écrite, permet de solliciter un réexamen de ta situation. Les arguments que tu souhaites faire valoir décideront peut-être le conseil de classe ou le jury de qualification à changer sa décision.
Attention. En cas de recours oral, il est utile de demander une preuve écrite que celui-ci a bien été introduit. Si tu es mineur, il appartient à tes parents d'introduire ce recours interne. Si tu es majeur, tu devras effectuer cette démarche toi-même.
Attention. Ce recours interne doit être introduit dans des délais très courts ! La procédure est en effet clôturée le 30 juin pour les Conseils de classe de juin et dans les 5 jours qui suivent la délibération de septembre (en cas de seconde session). Pour les jurys de qualification, la procédure interne doit être clôturée au plus tard le 25 juin et dans les 5 jours qui suivent la délibération du jury de qualification en septembre (en cas de seconde session). Dans tous les cas, la procédure interne relative à un refus d'octroi du certificat de qualification doit être clôturée avant que le conseil de classe se réunisse pour délibérer quant à ta réussite de l'année scolaire. Mais, les écoles sont autorisées à fixer des délais encore plus brefs. Cependant, tes parents, si tu es mineur, ou toi, si tu es majeur, devrez disposer d'au moins 2 jours ouvrables après la communication de tes résultats afin d'informer la direction de votre volonté de contester la décision. Nous te conseillons donc de lire très attentivement le règlement des études de ton école afin d'éviter toute mauvaise surprise !
NB : la procédure interne est la seule procédure possible pour contester les décisions relative à l'octroi du certificat de qualification.
Introduire un recours externe
Ce recours est uniquement possible pour les recours contre les décisions du conseil de classe et donc pas pour les décisions du jury de qualification.
Si la procédure interne n'a pas apporté de solution, tu as la possibilité d'introduire un recours externe. Toutefois, ce second recours n'est possible que contre une décision d'échec (AOC) ou une décision de réussite avec restriction (AOB).
Attention. Tu ne pourras donc pas contester une décision d'ajournement (c'est- à-dire une décision qui t'impose des examens de passage).
Ce recours externe ne sera, par ailleurs, possible que si un recours interne a été préalablement introduit. Si cette première étape a été négligée, le Conseil de recours ne pourra malheureusement pas examiner ta demande.
Tes parents, si tu es mineur, ou toi, si tu es majeur, disposez d'un délai de 10 jours (calendrier) pour introduire ce recours externe dès qu'une décision est prise à l'issue du recours interne. Ce recours écrit doit reprendre la demande (AOA ou AOB) et comporter tous les éléments que tu souhaites porter à la connaissance du conseil de recours (arguments de type pédagogique). Il est bien entendu utile d'y joindre tous les documents qui pourront l'éclairer sur ta situation (copie du bulletin, attestation, certificat médical, preuve que le recours interne a été introduit…).
Le recours externe doit être envoyé par lettre recommandée au conseil de recours et à la direction de ton école (sinon il n'est pas recevable).
Le Conseil de recours se réunit à partir du 31 août pour les décisions des conseils de classe de juin et à partir du 10 octobre pour les décisions des conseils de classe de septembre. Il dispose de la possibilité d'entendre les personnes de son choix et peut exiger de l'école de lui faire parvenir tous les documents qui pourraient lui être utiles.
S'il juge la demande fondée, le Conseil de recours pourra remplacer la décision du conseil de classe par une décision de réussite (avec ou sans restriction). La décision du conseil de recours est envoyée par courrier recommandé.
Attention. Le Conseil de recours n'a pas le pouvoir d'octroyer des examens de passage ! Si tu souhaites être autorisé à présenter des épreuves en seconde session, tu peux seulement en formuler la demande au stade du recours interne.
Dispositions légales: articles 95 à 99 du Décret du 24/7/1997 (« Décret Missions »)
Ce sujet te concerne ou t'interpelle ? Tu as encore des questions ? Les choses ne se sont pas passées comme prévu ? N'hésite pas à nous contacter entre 9h et 17h, du lundi au vendredi. Tu trouveras nos adresses en bas de ce document (ou sur www.sdj.be). Nous répondrons à toutes tes questions gratuitement, dans l'anonymat, par téléphone ou sur place. Nous pouvons également t'accompagner et te conseiller dans toutes les démarches.
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Voluntariat
Implica-te! Fii voluntar de Cruce Rosie!
* Vrei sa faci ceva deosebit cu viaţa ta?
* Vrei sa faci ceva cu adevarat folositor lumii in care traiesti?
* Vrei sa oferi o clipa din timpul tau liber celor nefericiti? Daca raspunsul tau este da, da si DA, atunci trebuie sa te implici acum! Alatura-te unei familii de peste 10 000 de voluntari de Cruce Rosie din Romania.
Ai oportunitatea acum sa faci ceva pentru tine si pentru cei de langa tine! Poti sa ajuti un batran sa zambeasca din nou, sa dai speranta unui copil prins in „ghiarele" saraciei, sa ajuti o familie de sinistraţi sa-si refaca gospodaria, sa ajuti un bolnav sa-si recapete sanatatea.
Fa si tu ceea ce noi facem de 132 de ani! Alatura-te visului comun al inaintasilor nostri.
"…Daca asteptam sa traim intr-o lume mai buna trebuie sa contribuim la crearea ei. Pentru a fi schimbarea pe care ne-o dorim in lume." (Mahatma Ghandi).
Definitie
Conform legii române Voluntariatul este activitatea de interes public desfasurata din proprie iniţiativa de orice persoana fizica, in folosul altora, fara a primi o contraprestaţie materiala.
Activitatea de voluntariat este reglementata in România prin Legea 195/2001.
Voluntariatul in cadrul Miscarii de Cruce Rosie si Semiluna Rosie este o activitate: - motivata de consimţamântul liber al persoanei care voluntariaza si nu de dorinţa unui câstig financiar sau material sau de presiuni externe de natura sociala, economica sau politica
- desfasurata in beneficiul categoriilor si comunitaţilor vulnerabile si in concordanţa cu
Principiile Fundamentale ale Miscarii Internaţionale de Cruce Rosie si Semiluna Rosie
- organizata de reprezentanţi recunoscuţi ai Societaţii Naţionale de Cruce Rosie
SUFLETUL SI VIITORUL NOSTRU
Voluntariatul a reprezentat sufletul Miscarii Internationale de Cruce Rosie inca de la infiintarea acesteia in 1863. Voluntarii sunt in prezent, asa cum au fost intotdeauna, coloana vertebrala a tuturor activitatilor de Cruce Rosie, ajutand Societatea Nationala sa deruleze programe de succes si asistand zeci de mii de persoane vulnerabile aflate in dificultate.Crucea Rosie Romana beneficiaza de aportul a peste 10000 de voluntari, din care 40% sunt tineri.Devotamentul voluntarilor nu reduce numai costul activitatilor, ci permite Societatii Nationale si filialelor sa ajute mult mai multe persoane cu fondurile disponibile, voluntariatul reprezintand sufletul actiunii noastre umanitare.Voluntarii au un rol cheie si in conducerea organizatiei, presedintele Societatii Nationale fiind de asemenea voluntar. Toate organizatiile de conducere centrale si locale sunt formate din voluntari. Toate deciziile ce ghideaza activitatea SNCRR sunt luate de voluntari.
Zece motive pentru a fi voluntar de Cruce Rosie
1. Pentru a ajuta la schimbarea lumii in care traiesti
2. Pentru ca si de tine depinde fericirea celorlalti
3. Pentru a readuce zambetul pe chipul celor nefericiti
4. Pentru ca de demnitatea altora depinde si propria ta demnitate
5. Pentru a da inapoi o parte din ceea ce ai primit de la altii
6. Pentru a-ti forma deprinderi utile si a invata lucruri noi
7. Pentru a fi parte a unei organizatii prestigioase, intr-o echipa puternica
8. Pentru a capata experienta in vederea obtinerii unui serviciu mai bun
9. Pentru a-ti face noi prieteni si pentru a-ti regasi prietenii, deja voluntari
10. Pentru a-ti construi amintiri si a ramane in amintirile celorlalti
Cine poate fi voluntar ?
Oricine poate sa devina voluntar de Cruce Rosie.
Fie ca suntem tineri sau la o varsta inaintata, liber profesionisti sau avem un loc de munca stabil, familist sau necasatorit, toti avem ceva special de oferit…
Inclusiv tu!
Cu totii avem cel putin o abilitate, pricepere sau talent pe care sa il putem pune in folosul unei persoane care are nevoie de ajutor.
Daca esti tanar: ai posibilitatea sa faci parte din cea mai prestigioasa organizatie umanitara la nivel mondial, intr-o echipa puternica, sa capeti experienta care te va ajuta sa obtii mai usor un loc de munca. Ca voluntar poti sa testezi o posibila cariera, sa-ti faci contacte si prietenii solide, sa-ti pui in practica ideile si entuziasmul, sa cunosti lumea altfel decat o stii acum.
Daca esti angajat/a: viata inseamna mai mult decat rutina casa – serviciu. Implicandu-te intr-o activitate de voluntariat poti schimba monotonia din viata ta cu bucuria si sentimentul de implinire ajutand un batran, un copil, o familie aflata in nevoie, salvand un om dintr-o situatie disperata. Construieste momente de neuitat alaturi de alti 10.000 de voluntari ai Crucii Rosii. E timpul sa faci o schimbare in viata ta!
Daca esti o persoana in varsta: ai posibilitatea sa impartasesti din experienta ta celor care au nevoie de ajutor. Poti fi un exemplu pentru cei tineri, dar si pentru cei de-o varsta cu tine. A fi varstnic nu inseamna resemnare si inactivitate, ci a fi o resursa importanta pentru societate.
Daca esti liber profesionist: Implicandu-te in activitati de voluntariat ai sansa de a acumula noi experiente, de a-ti forma noi abilitati, iti poti crea contacte care sa te conduca la un post asa cum ti-l doresti. Nu lasa timpul sa treaca pe langa tine! Umple-ti timpul cu o bucurie. Sunt atatia oameni care au nevoie de tine.
Este momentul sa daruiesti din timpul tau liber. Misiunea noastra este posibila datorita oamenilor ca tine, oameni care ofera o mâna de ajutor fara sa ceara nimic in schimb.
Ce poti face ca voluntar de Cruce Rosie ?
Ca voluntar in cea mai mare organizatie umanitara la nivel mondial, poti sa te implici intr-o varietate de proiecte si domenii, in functie de aptitudinile si preferintele tale:
* Pregatirea si interventia in caz de dezastre:
- poti beneficia de instruire pentru a deveni membru in Detasamentele pentru interventie in caz de dezastru;
- poti beneficia de instruire pentru acordarea primului ajutor premedical.
* Social:
- programe sociale pentru asistarea persoanelor fara venituri;
- pregatirea si distribuirea de pachete cu alimente, imbracaminte, sau jucarii pentru persoanele fara venituri, batrani din centre rezidenţiale, refugiati;
- informare pe diferite teme de natura sociala; sprijinirea copiilor din centrele de plasament, sprijin moral si material varstnicilor din caminele-spital si centre rezidentiale pentru vastnici;
- servicii de ingrijire la domiciliu si medico-sociale pentru persoane varstnice;
- programe de dezvoltare comunitara;
- campanii pe teme legate de prevenirea traficului de fiinţe umane.
* Sanatate:
- campanii de promovare a sanatatii ( educatie sexuala, alimentatie sanatoasa, prevenirea fumatului sau a utilizarii drogurilor, prevenirea injectarii cu virusul HIV, prevenirea tuberculozei etc).
* Activitati cu caracter general in cadrul Crucii Rosii Romane:
- promovarea si difuzarea Dreptului International Umanitar;
- campanii de promovare si protectie a emblemei de Cruce Rosie;
- campanii de prevenire a traficului de fiinte umane;
- organizarea de tabere pentru tineret si voluntari;
- organizarea de traning-uri si seminarii pe diverse teme;
- organizarea de evenimente cu ocazia lunilor Crucii Rosii Romane ( Mai si Septembrie).
* Administrativ:
- tehnoredactarea de materiale, realizarea de publicatii, pagini web;
- traduceri;
- realizarea revistei presei;
- organizarea de evenimente
Care sunt indatoririle voluntarului de Cruce Rosie
Voluntarii Crucii Rosii Romane trebuie:
* sa actioneze in conformitate cu Principiile Fundamentale ale Miscarii de Cruce Rosie si Semiluna Rosie si sa asigure diseminarea acestora;
* sa respecte prevederile legate de folosirea emblemei si sa previna abuzul de emblema;
* sa lucreze la cele mai inalte standarde de calitate;
* sa semneze si sa se comporte in concordanta cu prevederile codului de conduita al voluntarului (link catre codul de conduita);
* sa fie disponibili in caz de urgenta, in conditiile agreate cu SN si in concordanta cu abilitatile de care dispun;
* sa rapunda nevoilor beneficiarilor.
ACTE NECESARE PENTRU INSCRIERE
O copie a Cartii de Identitate si Adeverinta de la Scoala / Facultate / Loc de munca (in lipsa adeverintei cazier judiciar eliberat de Politie.) | <urn:uuid:7c3e4371-54a9-4e0d-9826-e74e77993d22> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ron_Latn/train | finepdfs | ron_Latn | 8,142 |
Eocene Diversification of Crown Group Rails (Aves: Gruiformes: Rallidae)
Juan C. Garcia-R*, Gillian C. Gibb, Steve A. Trewick
Phoenix Lab, Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Abstract
Central to our understanding of the timing of bird evolution is debate about an apparent conflict between fossil and molecular data. A deep age for higher level taxa within Neoaves is evident from molecular analyses but much remains to be learned about the age of diversification in modern bird families and their evolutionary ecology. In order to better understand the timing and pattern of diversification within the family Rallidae we used a relaxed molecular clock, fossil calibrations, and complete mitochondrial genomes from a range of rallid species analysed in a Bayesian framework. The estimated time of origin of Rallidae is Eocene, about 40.5 Mya, with evidence of intrafamilial diversification from the Late Eocene to the Miocene. This timing is older than previously suggested for crown group Rallidae, but fossil calibrations, extent of taxon sampling and substantial sequence data give it credence. We note that fossils of Eocene age tentatively assigned to Rallidae are consistent with our findings. Compared to available studies of other bird lineages, the rail clade is old and supports an inference of deep ancestry of ground-dwelling habits among Neoaves.
Citation: Garcia-R JC, Gibb GC, Trewick SA (2014) Eocene Diversification of Crown Group Rails (Aves: Gruiformes: Rallidae). PLoS ONE 9(10): e109635. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109635
Editor: Lorenzo Rook, University of Florence, Italy
Received June 13, 2014; Accepted September 5, 2014; Published October 7, 2014
Copyright: © 2014 Garcia-R et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. Mitochondrial DNA genomes have been submitted to GenBank under accession numbers KF644585 and KF701452.
Funding: This work was assisted by the Hutton Fund (JCGR) of the Royal Society of New Zealand and the Institute of Agriculture and Environment at Massey University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
* Email: firstname.lastname@example.org
Introduction
Hypotheses favouring Cenozoic diversification of modern bird orders after the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction, inferred from the scarcity of Cretaceous fossils [1–3], have been rejected by analyses indicating the origin of several lineages during the Cretaceous [4–9]. This conclusion derives from calibration of molecular clocks [10,11], using ever increasing genetic data, and is supported by a rising number of Cretaceous fossils [12–14]. Although there is some uncertainty about phylogenetic placement, most adequate, confident and diagnostic neognath fossil material found from the early Paleogene suggests an extensive diversification of neoaves during the late Cretaceous [15–17]. Analyses using both mitochondrial and nuclear data largely agree on the age of the lineages leading to the main orders of modern birds [18–21], but see [22]. Studies are nevertheless sensitive to calibration and dating tools [23], and a persistent difficulty is the influence of missing lineages on inferences regarding the timing of modern diversity [24,25].
In particular, studies that use data from single species to represent clades suffer from uncertain node age and placement [26,27], and are not informative about crown group ages. For example, recent analysis of genetic data for Palaeognathae have shed light on the ancestry of moa (Dinornithiformes) by supporting the flying South American taimous as sister to moa within the Struthioniformes [28,29]. This finding supports a hypothesis of flying ancestors for modern day flightless Struthioniformes [30,31] contrary to the assumed flightless ancestry of the entire group. Separate studies support a recent radiation of moa [32,33] with their origin occurring only 5 million years ago (Pliocene). This estimated time leaves considerable disparity in the assumption that the common ancestor of species of moa was itself flightless [34]. Similarly, raptors or birds of prey are not monophyletic although they share a primary reliance on carnivory, either by scavenging or by capture of prey, and a number of associated functional niches [25,35–37]. These convergent lifestyle specializations of falcons, hawks and eagles indicate a possible early group of raptors (late-Cretaceous) from which a variety of other carnivore groups have adapted to more aquatic lifestyles [35,37].
This stem versus crown age problem is common to many phylogenetic studies seeking to identify the timing of diversification within Neoaves, whether associated with location, ecology or taxonomy. Mitochondrial genes and genomes have proved valuable in avian evolutionary studies providing the means to address questions about the placement and recognition of clades within the avian phylogeny and their likely time of diversification [8,11,20,37–40]. These studies have mainly focused at the order level, whilst studies at family level are scarce. Recent analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes suggests that at least 30 major orders of Neoaves originated in the Cretaceous and survive to the present, but no representatives of families within Gruiformes were included [8].
The rail family (Aves: Rallidae) is globally distributed and extant species occupy niches associated with terrestrial and freshwater habitats. Among these predominantly ground dwelling and foraging birds are a high frequency of flightless species [41,42]. The ecology and geographic origins of modern rails are almost
entirely unknown but most of the putatively “primitive” species, as well as several distinctive genera, inhabit forests of the Old World tropics [42]. Fewer genera are found in the New World and most of these have been interpreted as being derived from an Old World stem [42]. Some genera (e.g., *Rallus* and *Fulica*) appear to have specialized and radiated in the Americas before reinvading the Old World [42]. There are 135–143 currently recognized species within 33–40 genera [43–45], only four of which (*Porzana*, *Porphyrio*, *Gallinula*, and *Fulica*) have a worldwide distribution (Figure 1). *Porzana*, as currently recognized, is the most speciose genus in the family (11.9% of rails are currently classified as *Porzana*), followed by *Gallirallus* (11.2%), *Fulica* (7.7%), and *Gallinula*, *Lateralis*, *Rallus*, *Amaurotis* and *Sarothrura* (6.3% each). Molecular analysis shows that *Sarothrura* belongs to a separate lineage from Rallidae, Sarothruridae, and more closely related to the family Heliornithidae [36,46–48], but current taxonomy and bird lists still retain this lineage within Rallidae [43,44]. Most of the diversity of *Porzana* and *Gallirallus* is found in Asia and Oceania (Figure 1). Asia also contains three endemic genera (*Aramalopus*, *Habrophila* and *Gallicerex*) as does Oceania (*Nesoclopeus*, *Eulabeornis* and *Megacephex*). All of those genera except *Nesoclopeus* are monotypic. Africa has 16 endemic species in seven endemic genera (including *Atlantisia* in the South Atlantic islands), 54 species occur in America, including 27 in eight endemic genera and six of the nine *Rallus* species, while only nine species occur naturally in Europe.
Spatial, morphological and current phylogenetic information suggests that rails may be are old within the Neoaves. Analyses indicate a deep placement of the lineage but the inference is based on limited species representatives and short DNA sequences, which requires better resolution [9,36,46,49–51]. In the present study, we use complete mitochondrial genomes to assess temporal diversification within Rallidae. We further compare our estimates with those available for other extant bird lineages in order to shed light on biogeographic/spatial patterns operating in diversification within Neoaves.
**Materials and Methods**
**Ethics statement**
Museum tissue samples representing *Eulabeornis castaneoveniris* (Australian National Wildlife Collection, ANWC50493), *Fulica atra* (Australian National Wildlife Collection, ANWC50980), *Gallirallus philippensis* (Australian National Wildlife Collection, ANWC32326) and *Helornis fulica* (Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, MZUSP79862) were imported into New Zealand under Massey University guidelines for importation of nonviable animal specimens. Tissue samples representing *Gallirallus australis* and *Porphyrio porphyrio* were collected from road kill animals by the Department of Conservation NZ staff without repository institution, and *Lewinia mielleri* blood sample was taken from a wild caught specimen, which was released at the site of capture, under a permit from the Department of Conservation NZ and ethics committee approval from Department of Conservation Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). This research does not require ethics committee approval as no animal was sacrificed, and there was no animal husbandry, experimentation or welfare concerns. Mitochondrial DNA genomes have been submitted to GenBank, accession numbers KF644361–84; KF701060–62.
**Figure 1. Proportional diversity of genera in Rallidae by geographic regions (Continents).** Genera endemic to each continent are in gray. Genera common to more than one region are indicated by identical colour in each pie chart. Taxonomic treatment follows Taylor (1998) and Clements (2012), but we note several lines of evidence place *Sarothrura* outside the family (see Fain et al. 2007 and Hackett et al. 2008).
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109635.g001
Sampling
The data set compiled new assembled mitochondrial genomes of six species within Rallidae and one species within Heliornithidae plus five published rail mitochondrial genomes. To maximize lineage diversity we selected species using available geographic ecological and phylogenetic information. We include three widespread and flying representatives associated with wetland and grassland areas: *Fulica atra* (common coot; KF644582), *Gallinula chloropus* (common moorhen; HQ896036), and *Porphyrio porphyrio* (purple swamphen; KF701062). *Coturnicops exquisitus* (Swinhoe’s rail; NC012143) found in wetlands and *Rallina eurizonoides* (slaty-legged crake; NC012142) inhabiting forests are both volant species present in Asia. *Gallirallus philippensis* (banded rail; KF701061) is distributed in Asia and Oceania, and *Eulabeornis castaneoventris* (chestnut rail; KF644583) in Oceania and both are flying species that occupy wetlands. *Gallirallus okinawae* (Okinawa rail; NC012140), is found endemic to wet forest on Okinawa island in the Japanese archipelago, *Gallirallus australis* (weka; KF701060) and *Porphyrio hochstetteri* (takane; EF532934) endemic to New Zealand, and *Leucana muelleri* (Auckland rail; KF644584) is endemic to the subantarctic Auckland islands. *Gallirallus australis*, *P. hochstetteri* and *L. muelleri* live in mixed forest and grassland habitats. *Gallirallus okinawae*, *G. australis* and *P. hochstetteri* are absolutely flightless while *L. muelleri* is reported to fly well but infrequently.
mtDNA genomes
Sample tissue details can be found in Table S1. Taking into account the already available mtDNA genomes of rails in GenBank we chose these species because of their geographical range in the Southern Hemisphere (e.g. *E. castaneoventris* and *L. muelleri*) and the relationships among genera. It has been inferred from molecular phylogenetics that Grues (suborder comprising Rallidae, Gruidae, Heliornithidae, Aramidae, Psophiidae and Aptornithidae) has a palaeo-austral signature [46,49] but the fossil record is mainly found in the Northern Hemisphere. Although the intrafamiliar relationships in Rallidae are mostly unknown, we sought to include representatives of different and more distant genera in the family following Olson [42]. *Heliornis fulica* (sungrebe) was included as a close outgroup [36,52]. We used a modified phenol-chloroform procedure [53] involving digestion in CTAB buffer for genomic DNA extraction. Genome DNA extractions were verified by gel electrophoresis and quantified using Qubit 2.0. An estimated 2–10 ng of each DNA was subjected to Whole Genome Amplification (WGA) via next generation sequencing (NGS) using the Illumina HiSeq platform (Beijing Genomics Institute, BGI) with 100 bp paired-end reads. Library preparation for sequencing was as described by Shendure and Ji [54] and Mardis [55].
Sequence quality, mapping and assembly
For quality control of the fastq files we used FastQC v0.10.1 (http://www.bioinformatics.bbsrc.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/) which helps to identify clusters with a low signal and low-quality base calls based on score value chastity ≥0.6. Contigs were created using *de novo* assembler Velvet v1.1.06 [56] which has been developed for assembly of short read using a Brujin graph algorithm. We conducted assemblies of the paired reads using multiple hash lengths (k = 43, 53, 63, 73, 83) and assembled the contigs obtained from the best kmer lengths (generally around 73). All the assemblies were performed on a server with 72 cores and 144 Gb access memory. Sequences were mapped using Geneious v6.0.5 [57] with reference to the previously published mtDNA genomes of Okinawa rail, GenBank accession number NC012140 [58] and common moorhen, GenBank accession number NC015236 [59], and visualized in Tablet v1.11.08.10 [60]. New mtDNA genomes were submitted to GenBank (Table S1).
Phylogenetic analyses
For phylogenetic analyses, mtDNA genomes of additional Neognathae species were downloaded from GenBank. These lineages were from closely related groups to Rallidae (e.g. Gruidae, Otididae, Cuculidae) and provide appropriate context for dating analyses (Table S1). Galloanserine species were used as a known outgroup to all these taxa [36]. Several studies [36,40,61] have shown that the kagu (*Rhynochetos jubatus*) is not, despite some morphological and behavioural similarities, grouped within the Gruiiformes; therefore this species was not included in the analyses.
Alignment of the mitochondrial sequences was performed with Geneious v6.0.5 [57] using manual adjustment. Each gene alignment was checked prior to phylogenetic analysis. We partitioned the aligned genomes into protein-coding genes, tRNAs, rRNAs, and noncoding fragments (including the origin of replication and the hypervariable region) [10]. We further partitioned the protein-coding genes based on amino acid sequences, into stems and loops data for tRNAs [62,63] and cloverleaf pattern for tRNAs, which correspond to RNA secondary structures of these genes. Protein-coding genes were aligned manually based on the deduced amino acid sequences. The alignments of tRNA and rRNA genes were corrected by excluding ambiguous positions, such as loops and indels. Stop codons and ambiguous alignments next to gaps (conserved amino acid and RNA stems defined the inclusion boundaries of ambiguous regions next to gaps) were excluded from the alignment. The Control Region and NADH6 were excluded from the analyses due to alignment instability and heterogeneous base composition which can confound phylogenetic inferences.
The total length of the analysed mitogenomic dataset was 13,768 nucleotides which included the following partition scheme [10]: 1) first-codon position of the 12 protein-coding genes and 2) second-codon position of the 12 protein-coding genes, 3) RY-coding at the third-codon position of the 12 protein-coding genes, 4) loops of the tRNAs and rRNA combined, 5) stems of the tRNAs and rRNA combined. We performed all subsequent analyses with this partition strategy. Phylogenies were inferred using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) as implemented in MrBayes [64] with 20 million generations sampled every 2000 generations and a general time reversible model with gamma distribution for rate variation across sites. The burn-in was estimated in ModelTest v3.7 using the Akaike Information Criterion [65]. Convergence and diagnostics of the Markov process were evaluated by the stability of parameter estimates across generations using Tracer v.1.6 (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/tracer/). A burn in of 10% gave optimal results. We obtained Effective Sample Sizes (ESS) above 200 for all parameters. Maximum Likelihood (ML) with rapid bootstrapping was implemented in RAxML using GTR+I. Analyses were performed via the Cipres portal [66] and trees were visualized in FigTree v1.3.1 (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/) and SplitsTree v4.12.8 [67].
Time of divergences
Divergence times were estimated using a Lognormal relaxed Bayesian clock implemented in BEAST v1.7.5 [68]. A lognormal distribution was chosen because this shape accommodates greater flexibility regarding a cladeogenic event [69,70]. For calibration constraints we used Galloanserinae [71,72] with a normal distribution of 66–86 Mya (95% range) and the stem sphenisciform
Waimanu [38] with a normal distribution of 61.5–65.5 Mya (95% range). The Waimanu stem Penguin is without doubt the oldest specimen within the Sphenisciformes currently known [38,73,74] and Vegavis, the oldest reliable Gallorniserae (anseriform) that is preserved in sufficient quality to provide contrasting anatomical characteristics with living birds [12,72,75]. These well-documented fossils provide confidence about their phylogenetic placement and serve together as phylogenetically external calibration points for estimation of divergence dates within neognaths and Gruiformes. They are considered to be reliable time constraints and have been widely used for divergence estimations because of the high confidence about their placement [69]. While there is some disagreement on the precise placement of Vegavis [76] within anseriforms, it demonstrates the existence of gallorniserae birds in the late Cretaceous [76] and of extensive diversification and phylogenetically separated neognath lineages in the late Cretaceous/early Paleogene time [15,16,77].
We combined the results of three independent runs with 30 million generations and a burn-in of 10% for each. Chains were sampled every 5000th generation and a Birth-Death process prior was used for the speciation model [78]. The analysis used a starting tree topology from the ML analysis supplied with appropriate sequence length lengths and Trn-Aunmotm [69]. We obtained for each run ESS above 200 for 90% of the parameters. The tree with the times of divergence and highest posterior density (HPD) intervals was visualized using FigTree v1.3.1 (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/).
Results
Phylogenetic analyses
Inferred phylogenies and nodal support based on Bayesian and ML analyses were concordant and the tree topology (Figure 2) was congruent with trees previously inferred using nuclear and mitochondrial sequences [36,46,61]. In our analysis Rallidae was sister to Heliorhithidae, and this clade in turn was sister to Gruidae [46]. We obtained similar levels of statistical support from ML and Bayesian analyses for internal groups within Rallidae with the expected pattern of intra-generic clusters (Gallirallus and Porphyrio). We found that Eadabornis castaneovenris was placed within the genus Gallirallus and G. australis arises from the base of this clade [79,80]. Fulica atria and Gallinula chloropus form a sister group, and Coturnicops exquisitus and Railina eurizonoides form a sister clade to Porphyrio.
Divergence times
The long branch leading to Helornis fulica (see Figure 2), might result from heterogeneity of mutation rates among lineages that can influence phylogenetic topology and time estimations. To allow for this possibility we estimated the times of divergence both with and without H. fulica, with similar results returned by Bayesian MCMC analyses. We report here the results including H. fulica (Figures 3 and S1). The split of Grues into rail-like and crane-like lineages is supported as occurring around the boundary of K-Pg mass extinction 66.74–59 Mya [49]. The estimated time of divergence of the Heliorhithidae and Rallidae (Ralloidea) lineages was 52 (60–44) Mya. Our divergence time analyses for crown group Rallidae is post K-Pg occurring during the Eocene about 40.5 (49–33) Mya. Among representatives of Rallidae included in this analysis there was evidence of several relatively early lineage-splitting events during the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene. Estimations of the divergence times obtained in this study indicate a common ancestor for Gallirallus and Lewinia around 28 (36–21) Mya, a divergence time of Railina and Coturnicops around 29 (37–21) Mya, and origination of the aquatic Fulica and Gallinula clade 18 (26–10) Mya.
Discussion
Molecular phylogeny
Our phylogenetic analysis of bird mitogenomes is consistent with inferences made from several studies using fewer loci and provides strong corroboration of phylogenetic hypotheses and observed pattern of the molecular rate of evolution [36,46]. The topology is consistent with that of Fain et al. [46], and relative branch lengths are similar with respect to the short internal branches in Gruidae and the comparatively long branches in Rallidae/Heliorhithidae [36,46]. The disparity in length of these branches is detected in both nuclear and mitochondrial data, suggesting it reflects real variation in the rates of molecular evolution among clades [46]. Rails contribute approximately 85% of the species in Grues diversity and this high level could potentially be attributable to a relatively fast mutation rate [81,82]. The scarcity of heliorhithids (three species) contradicts this idea but the disparity in species numbers could be due to nonuniform diversification rates through time and/or uneven extinction rates [83,84].
Origin and evolution of rails
Previous studies have addressed the question of the origin of the Gruiformes [46,49] and the biogeography and evolution of some lineages of rails have been recently considered [47,80,85,86]. Nevertheless, identification of the basal split and diversification of the rails has remained uncertain because of differences in the estimated dates and approaches [46,49–51].
We find the depth of the 95% HPD interval for Heliorhithidae-Rallidae clade divergences and the crown-group Rallidae in our analysis overlap with interval age estimations reported from nuclear genes by Fain [46] Houde [49] and Brown [51]. However, the mean estimates of Heliorhithidae-Rallidae divergence and basal Rallidae in the present analysis were much older than mean estimations in those studies (about twice the age). The observed tendency of analyses using mtDNA to overestimate node age compared to nuclear markers might be the source of this discrepancy [22], and it has been inferred that mtDNA data tends to result in overestimated ages of shallower nodes in particular [22,70]. To minimise any potential overestimation of “shallower” nodes (compared to the nodes used to calibrate the tree) we applied several recommended strategies: 1) a partition scheme including RY-coding at the third-codon position; 2) relaxation of the molecular clock without assuming rate correlation among branches and; 3) variation across sites with GTR model and gamma distribution. We find that our estimations of “deeper” node ages (e.g. Ralloidea-Gruioidea divergence) are in fact very similar to those reported using nuclear data [49]. Although it appears that “shallower” node ages might be overestimates in our analysis (node A of the Rallidae lineage and node B of the Heliorhithidae-Rallidae divergence in Figure 3), we have similar estimates for Gruinae-Balearicinae (node C in Figure 3) to other studies using nuclear [46] and mitochondrial data [87] and different calibration constraints. This suggests there is no systemic tendency for overestimation of late Eocene nodes. More probably, disparity with previous molecular analysis relates to difference in calibration constraints and taxon sampling of our study and others. For instance, Fain et al. [46] used as constraints external to Grues a lower (30 Mya) and upper (43 Mya) bound of the acid-lard split.
Fossils of cranes (Gruidae) have been reported from the middle Eocene in Europe [88–90], and the earliest sungrebe fossil record is from the middle Miocene (14 Mya) in North America [91]. Two Paleogene Ralloidea fossils designated as *Messelornis* and *Walkbeekornis* are consistent with our estimated age of Ralloidea around 52 (60–44) Mya [15,17]. The estimated time in our study for the common ancestor of living rallids is about 7 million years older than existing fossils assigned to the crown group. However,
our lower interval value is consistent with European fossils within *Belgrallus* from the late Eocene–early Oligocene that have been suggested as representing the earliest Rallidae [92–94]. Recent examination of the humerus, coracoid and tarsometatarsus led to the proposal that *Belgrallus* belongs to stem group Ralloidea closely related to *Palaeorallus* from the late Oligocene–early Miocene [32]. Nevertheless, great caution is needed in attribution of stem/crown group fossils when the availability of suitable comparisons is limited, systematics of the group is uncertain, and morphological characters can mislead phylogeny [35,95–97]. The current absence of suitable fossils from the Eocene does not demonstrate that a common ancestor of living Rallidae did not exist at that time, and indeed some have been tentatively attributed to the family. *Palaeorallus*, *Eucres* or *Fulicatormis* from the Early Eocene in North America [94,98] or rail-like taxa of the genus *Songzia* from the Early Eocene in China [99,100] might represent extinct crown group rails, but their placement must remain equivocal [13,68] because of the fragmentary nature of the specimens. The fossils at least hint that extinct species that share common ancestry with the living lineages in our analysis might have existed. As with the continuing discovery of Cretaceous bird fossils [12,97,101,102], it is likely that better rail and Grues specimens will be forthcoming.
**Crown age of bird lineages**
Studies of the origin and diversification of crown bird lineages provide insights into the rates and modes of ecological speciation. Comparisons of data from studies of birds makes it very clear that stem and crown group ages are not correlated, which is expected where speciation and extinction rates are uneven over time. For instance, several studies using complete mtDNA genomes or gene sequences show a relatively recent diversification of passerine and non-passerine bird lineages [32,37,103–105], with most crown lineages appearing during the Neogene (Figure 4), while taxa based on fossils assigned as part of stem groups are much older or younger than molecular date estimations [15,34,38,106–108]. However, assessment of radiations in birds must be characterized by their geographical settings [9] because the spatial context of family level diversification is highly variable. For example, extant honeycreepers (family Fringillidae) in Hawaii [103] and whistlers (family Pachycephalidae) in the Indo-Pacific [105] underwent recent insular radiations apparently responding to local ecological opportunities and climatic variation. Within the Palaeognaths, the extinct New Zealand moa radiation is classified into three families [32]. Available evidence indicates Pliocene diversification within Dinornithiformes; even if treated as a single New Zealand family, the moa clade shows a shallow insular radiation (Figure 4).
Insular lineages appear to have relatively shallow crown ages even though some archipelagos are comparatively old [109–111], whereas lineages that achieved wider distributions have deeper ages. For instance, widespread parrots (family Cacatuidae) [104], cranes (family Gruidae) [87] and rails (family Rallidae) have substantially deeper history (Figure 4). This indicates that a larger spatial range might increase the probability of lineage survival. The remarkable capacity of the rails to colonise and adapt to a wide variety of habitats perhaps favoured the retention of lineages through time. Rails show a fantastic capacity and propensity for
range expansion and local adaptation with instances of supertramp species, such as *P. porphyrio* and *G. philippensis* [112,113], which have colonized remote archipelagos in the Pacific [25]. However, the group has mainly retained a sedentary-ground walking ecology. Many lineages within Rallidae are not specialised to narrow marginal habitats but have proved resilient throughout the globe in diverse conditions. It seems likely that the temporal resilience of Rallidae and other cosmopolitan bird lineages has been guided by spatial and ecological plasticity. Further analysis with additional sampling will help reveal to what degree historical biogeographic signal has been retained in the current lineage distribution.
**Supporting Information**
**Figure S1 Chronogram showing all species analysed in this study.** Divergence times are based on analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes with a relaxed-clock Bayesian analysis using BEAST. Bootstrap support over 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities over 0.9 are indicated on each branch. Calibration
constraints used to estimate divergence times are shown as red bars where \(a = \) calibration fossil of Galloanserae with a minimum age of 66 Mya and maximum age of 86.5 Mya, and \(b = \) calibration fossil of Sphenisciformes with an age range from 61.5 Mya to 65.5 Mya.
**Table S1** Taxa, Family and Order, museum voucher numbers, type of tissue, specimen sampling locality, GenBank accession numbers, and original source of data of the mtDNA genomes included in this study. N/A = Not Available. Acronyms for museums are: ANWC = Australian National Wildlife Collection, Australia; MZUSP = Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (Brazil), (RTF)
**Acknowledgments**
We are grateful to the following individuals and institutions for providing samples: Leo Joseph and Robert Palmer (Australian National Wildlife Collection), Kathi Walker and Graeme Elliot (Department of Conservation, New Zealand), and Luis Fabio Silveira (Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil). Thanks to Isabel Castro and members of the Phoenix lab (http://evolves.massey.ac.nz/) for comments on various stages of this manuscript. We would also like to thank Bennett McComish who helped assemble the mitochondrial genome of *Euboeornis enigmosus* and *Falco atro*. We are grateful to Luzerna Reyes, Vanessa De Piero and two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments that greatly improved the several incarnations of this manuscript. Images courtesy of Ramon Moller Jensen, Colin O’Donnell, Eddy Smith, Trevor Collins, Delphine Gilles, Pete Morris, Zain Muszka, Dushi Shapiro, Alan and Elaine Wilson. JCG-R was supported by a Massey Doctoral Scholarship and a New Zealand International Doctoral Scholarship. JCG-R would like to thanks to Ana Maria Gómez and Tara García PhD examiners. Allan Baker, Andrew Paterson and David Penny provided thoughtful and constructive comments. This work partially fulfilled the requirements for the Doctorate degree of JCG-R at the Massey University.
**Author Contributions**
Conceived and designed the experiments: JCGR GCG SAT. Performed the experiments: JCGR. Analyzed the data: JCGR GCG. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: JCGR GCG SAT.
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PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE GOIANÉSIA DO PARÁ
AVISO DE LICITAÇÃO
O Município de Goianésia do Pará, através do Agente de Contratação torna público a realização da CONCORRÊNCIA ELETRÔNICA nº CP - 04/2024-PMGP. Objeto: Contratação de empresa especializada para execução da construção da Unidade Básica de Saúde – UBS PORTE 1, na Vila Acaízal, no Município de Goianésia do Pará. Data de Abertura: 19/07/2024, Às 09h:00min, horário de Brasília, no portal: www.portaldecompraspublicas.com.br. O Edital seus anexos estão disponíveis em: https://goianesia.pa.gov.br/, https://geobradas.tcpm.pa.gov.br; https://pnpcp.gov.br/app/editais. Legislação: Lei Federal nº 14.133/2021 e respectivas alterações, Decreto Municipal nº 01/2024/GP/PMGP e demais legislações aplicáveis. Informações pelo e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org. Marcio Anderson Costa e Souza, Agente de Contratação.
Protocolo: 1093852
PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE JACAREACANGA-PA
AVISO DE LICITAÇÃO
REPUBICAÇÃO EDITAL:
PREGÃO ELETRÔNICO Nº PE/2024.0014 – PMJ-SRP
A Prefeitura Municipal de Jacareacanga-PA, comunica aos interessados que realizará no dia 18/07/2024, às 09:00h (horário de Brasília), licitação sob modalidade Pregão Eletrônico nº PE/2024.014 – PMJ-SRP, tipo menor preço por item, objeto: Registro de preços para futura contratação de empresas jurídicas para prestação de serviços de hotelaria/hospedagem em hotel dentro do território municipal do Município de Jacareacanga-PA, para atender as necessidades da prefeitura, secretarias e fundos do município de Jacareacanga/PA. O edital estará disponível nos sites do Município, https://jacareacanga.pa.gov.br/categoria/licitações/, https://www.portaldecompraspublicas.com.br, https://www.gov.br/pnpcp/pt-br e Mural de Licitações do TCM-PA. Abel Lima da Silva-Pregoeiro
Protocolo: 1093862
PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE IGARAPÉ-MIRI
PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE IGARAPÉ-MIRI
REPUBLICAÇÃO DE EDITAL RETIFICADO
PROCESSO ADMINISTRATIVO Nº 1690/2023
A Prefeitura Municipal de Igarapé Miri, através do seu Pregoeiro(a) torna público aos interessados a nova data do Processo Licitatório na Modalidade PREGÃO ELETRÔNICO Nº 010/2024 – SRP/PMI. Objeto: REGISTRO DE PREÇO PARA FUTURA EVENTUAL AQUISIÇÃO DE MATERIAL DE EXAME PARA ATENDER A PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE IGARAPE-MIRI, E REQUISITANTES NOS TERMOS DA LEI 14.133/2021.
Data da Sessão pública: 18/07/2024
Hora: às 9:30h, horário de Brasília. Plataforma de realização: www.portaldecompraspublicas.com.br o Edital Retificado encontra-se disponível no www.portaldecompraspublicas.com.br, no mural de licitações do TCM/PA e no Portal da transparência do Município de Igarapé Miri, no endereço eletrônico: https://igarapemiri.pa.gov.br/
Edilene Mota
Pregoeira
Portaria nº 003/2023 GAB/PMI
Protocolo: 1093857
PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE LIMOEIRO DO AJURU
AVISO DE PRORROGAÇÃO
PREGÃO ELETRÔNICO SRP Nº 011/2024-PMLA
A Prefeitura Municipal de Limoeiro do Ajuru, através de seu pregoeiro torna Público aos interessados que PRORROGOU a data de abertura do Processo Licitatório na modalidade Pregão Eletrônico SRP 011/2024-PMLA, cujo o objeto é o Registro de Preço Para Futura Eventual Contratação de Empresa Especializada na Prestação de Exames de Ultrassonografias a Fim de Atender as demandas da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Nova data de abertura da sessão: 15/07/2024 às 15:30h, no endereço eletrônico: https://www.portaldecompraspublicas.com.br/. Maiores informações poderão ser obtidas pelo e-mail: email@example.com.
Geovâne Pinheiro Moraes - Pregoeiro.
TERMO DE DESIGNAÇÃO DE FISCAL DE CONTRATO
PORTARIA Nº 20220627/2022
Contrato nº 2705005/2023-PMLA. Objeto: Contratação de Empresa Especializada Na área de Engenharia Civil Para Reforma e Ampliação do Hospital Municipal Dr. José Moraes, no Município de Limoeiro do Ajuru-PA, Conforme Convenio de nº 017/2022 Firmado Com o Fundo de Desenvolvimento Econômico do Estado do Pará, Processo Licitatório: Concorrência Pública nº 001/2022-PMLA. Em atendimento ao art. 67, caput, e § 1º da Lei 8.666/1993, fica designado para acompanhar e fiscalizar a execução do objeto acima descrito o servidor Elizeu Moraes Sousa, CREA/PA nº 1519503342, em substituição ao servidor Robson Bacha Figueiredo, CREA/PA nº 18728, CPF nº 023.502.00-0, que foi nomeado quatro meses após a assinatura do Município desde 31 de Julho de 2022. O atual Fiscal continuará zelando pelo fiel cumprimento do contrato anotando em registro próprio todas as ocorrências relacionadas com a execução do contrato, determinando o que for necessário à regularização das faltas ou defeitos observados. Os efeitos desta Portaria serão retroativos a data de 31 de Julho de 2022. Processo nº 001/2022-PMLA. Portaria: 20220627/2024-PMLA. Fiscal do Contrato: Elizeu Moraes Sousa. Pedro Costa Barra - Prefeito Municipal.
Protocolo: 1093864
PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE ITAITUBA
PREGÃO ELETRÔNICO Nº 034/2024-PE
PROCESSO ADMINISTRATIVO Nº 044/2024
Objeto: Aquisição de cimento, para atender a demanda da Secretaria Municipal de Infraestrutura do Município de Itaituba-PA. Tipo: Menor preço por item. Data de Abertura: 16/07/2024, às 09:00 hora local. Acesso ao edital: www.portaldecompraspublicas.com.br, www.itaituba.pa.gov.br; www.itaituba.pa.gov.br e PNCP; informações: DICOM, localizada na Avd. Transamazônica c/ 10ª rua, Anexo ao Ginásio Municipal de Itaituba-PA.
Ronison Aguiar Holanda, Pregoeiro.
Protocolo: 1093860
PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE MÃE DO RIO
AVISO DE LICITAÇÃO
AVISO DE PREGÃO ELETRÔNICO Nº 9/2024-00019-SRP/SEMED
Objeto: aquisição de gêneros alimentícios para atender ao programa escola em tempo integral no município de Mãe do Rio. Abertura: 19/07/2024, Às 13h00, Pelo portal www.portaldecompraspublicas.com.br. Integra dos editais e informações disponíveis na PMMR, Sala da CPL sito no Complexo Administrativo, 998, Santo Antônio. - Mãe do Rio/PA de segunda à quinta-feira, no horário de 07h30min às 13h30min. E no site: www.prefeituramaeodorio.pa.gov.br.
AVISO DE PREGÃO ELETRÔNICO Nº 9/2024-00020-SRP/PMMR
Objeto: Registro de preço para futura e eventual contratação de empresa especializada em lavagem de veículos, objetivando atender as necessidades da prefeitura e secretarias municipais de Mãe do Rio. Abertura: 19/07/2024, Às 08h00. Pelo portal www.portaldecompraspublicas.com.br. Integra dos editais e informações disponíveis na PMMR, Sala da CPL sito no Complexo Administrativo, 998, Santo Antônio. - Mãe do Rio/PA de segunda à quinta-feira, no horário de 07h30min às 13h30min. E no site: www.prefeituramaeodorio.pa.gov.br.
Jose Villeigagnon Rabelo Oliveira-Prefeito Municipal.
Protocolo: 1093870 | <urn:uuid:fd3151f9-cf72-4305-82fe-f95afb80e96a> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/por_Latn/train | finepdfs | por_Latn | 6,574 |
VŠEOBECNÉ ZÁVÄZNÉ NARIADENIE
MESTA MYJAVA
č. /2015
zo dňa 2015
ktorým sa mení a dopĺňa záväzná časť
územného plánu obce – mesta Myjava
vyhlásená
VZN č.8/2004 zo dňa 20.05.2004
V znení VZN č.8/2008 zo dňa 27.11.2008
Mestské zastupiteľstvo mesta Myjava na základe samostatnej pôsobnosti podľa článku 68 Ústavy Slovenskej republiky a podľa § 6 ods. 1, zákona č. 369/1990 Zb. o obecnom zriadení v znení neskorších zmien a doplnkov a podľa § 27 ods.3/ zákona č. 50/1976 Zb. o územnom plánovaní a stavebnom poriadku v znení neskorších predpisov /Stavebný zákon/ v znení zákona č. 237/2000 Z.z. vydáva toto všeobecne záväzne nariadenie /ďalej len VZN/: Zmeny a doplnky č. 1/2013 územného plánu Mesta Myjava.
Článok I.
Účelom tohto VZN je vyhlásenie záväznej časti Zmien a doplnkov č.1/2013 Územného plánu obce – mesta Myjava.
Článok II.
Týmto VZN sa vyhlasuje záväzná časť Zmien a doplnkov č.1/2013, ktorá mení a dopĺňa záväznú časť Územného plánu obce – mesta Myjava uzn. č. 67/2004 zo dňa 15.10.2004 a v znení záväznej časti uzn. č. 180/2008 zo dňa 27.11.2008. Zároveň sa týmto VZN mení a dopĺňa VZN mesta Myjava č. 8/2004 v znení VZN mesta Myjava č. 18/2008, ktorými bola vyhlásená záväzná časť Územného plánu obce – mesta Myjava.
Článok III.
Dokumentácia schválených ZaD č.1/2013 Územného plánu obce – mesta Myjava je uložená a možno do nej nahliaďuť na Mestskom úrade na Myjave, na Okresnom úrade v Trenčíne, odbor výstavby a bytovej politiky, oddelenie územného plánovania a na stavebnom úrade na Myjave.
AUREX, s.r.o., Bratislava, február 2015
Článok IV.
1. Toto VZN bolo schválené Mestským zastupiteľstvom na Myjave na riadnom zasadnutí dňa 26.02. 2015 uznesením č. ..... /2015
2. Toto VZN nadobúda účinnosť dňom od jeho vyhlásenia, t.j. vyvesenia na úradnej tabuli mesta dňom 10.02.2015.
3. Neoddeliteľnou súčasťou tohto VZN je príloha k VZN č.1 – kompletná záväzná časť Zmien a doplnkov č.1/2013 ÚPN obce – mesta Myjava, ktorá určuje zásady a regulatívny priestorového usporiadania a funkčného územia.
v Myjave dňa 10.02.2015
Pavel Halabríň
Primátor mesta
VZN schválené Mestským zastupiteľstvom v Myjave dňa :
Vyvesené dňa: 10.02.2015
Zvesené dňa:
Pavel Halabríň
Primátor mesta
Poznámka: Do prílohy č.1 tohto VZN je možné nahliadnuť na Mestskom úrade na Myjave, alebo na webovej stránke mesta www.myjava.sk
Návrh VZN bol zverejnený na úradnej tabuli mesta a webovej stránke mesta od 10.02.2015 do 25.02.2015
AUREX, s.r.o., Bratislava, február 2015
ZÁVÄZNÉ ČASTI VYPLÝVAJÚCE Z NADRADENEJ DOKUMENTÁCIE
Záväzné časti vyplývajúce z ÚPN VÚC Trenčianskeho kraja
Územný plán veľkého územia celku Trenčianskeho kraja v znení zmien a doplnkov vychádza z Koncepcie územia rozvoja Slovenska v aktuálnom a platnom znení a pre Územný plán mesta Myjava predstavuje nadradenú územnoplánovaciu dokumentáciu regiónu.
Základné zásady usporiadania územia a limity jeho využívania určené v záväzných regulatívach funkčného a priestorového usporiadania územia sú záväznou časťou územného plánu veľkého územia celku Trenčiansky kraj v znení Zmien a doplnkov a v súlade so Stavebným zákonom v aktuálnom a platnom znení a sú záväzné pre spracovanie územných plánov obcí na území Trenčianskeho kraja.
Záväzné regulatívy územia rozvoja vyplývajúce z územného plánu regiónu boli vyhlásené nariadením vlády SR č. 149/1998 Z.z. v apríli roku 1998, ktorým bola vyhlásená Záväzná časť Územného plánu veľkého územia celku Trenčianskeho kraja (ďalej aj ako ÚPN VÚC TRENČIANSKEHO KRAJA). ÚPN VÚC TRENČIANSKEHO KRAJA ako nadradená územnoplánovacia dokumentácia regiónu bola aktualizovaná v podobe Zmien a doplnkov č. 1 a Zmien a doplnkov č. 2.
Trenčiansky samosprávny kraj v Trenčíne schválil "Zmeny a doplnky č. 1 ÚPN VÚC Trenčianskeho kraja" v zastupiteľstve TSK uznesením č. 259/2004 zo dňa 23.6.2004. Všeobecne záväzné nariadenie TSK č.7/2004, ktorým sa vyhlásili "Zmeny a doplnky záväznnej časti ÚPN VÚC Trenčianskeho kraja", uverejnené v Zbierke zákonov SR č. 149/1998 Z.z., bolo schválené Zastupiteľstvom TSK uznesením č.260/2004 dňa 23.6.2004 a nadobudlo účinnosť dňom 1.8.2004.
Zmeny a doplnky č.2 Územného plánu veľkého územia celku Trenčianskeho kraja, boli schválené v zastupiteľstve Trenčianskeho samosprávneho kraja dňa 26.10.2011, uznesením číslo 297/2011 a ich záväzná časť bola vyhlásená Všeobecne záväzným nariadením (VZN) číslo 8/2011. VZN nadobudlo právoplatnosť 25.11.2011.
Záväzné regulatívy územia rozvoja vyplývajúce z územného plánu regiónu sú pre spracovanie Územného plánu mesta Myjava stanovené nasledovne:
1.1 Záväzné regulatívne územného rozvoja
1. V oblasti usporiadania územia, osídlenia a rozvoja sídelnej štruktúry
1.2. Formovať tažiská osídlenia Trenčianskeho kraja na všetkých úrovniach prostredníctvom regulácie formovania funkčnej a priestorovej štruktúry jednotlivých hierarchických úrovní centier osídlenia a príslušných vidieckych sídel a priestorov, podielajúcich sa na vzájomných sídelných väzbách v rámci daného tažiska osídlenia, uplatňujúc princípy dekoncentrovanej koncentrácie,
1.3. Podporovať tažiská osídlenia kraja v súlade s ich hierarchickým postavením v sídelnom systéme Slovenskej republiky:
1.3.4. podporovať ako tažiská osídlenia tretej úrovně druhé skupiny myjavské tažisko osídlenia.
1.4. Podporovať budovanie rozvojových osí v záujme tvorby vyváženej hierarchizovanej sídelnej štruktúry. Podporovať ako rozvojové osi tretieho stupňa:
1.4.5. myjavskú rozvojovú os: Senica – Myjava – Stará Turá – Nové Mesto nad Váhom.
1.7. Podporovať rozvoj centier tretej skupiny, a to prvej podskupiny ako centier regionálneho až nadregionálneho významu: Bánovce nad Bebravou, … Myjava, … Podporovať rozvoj týchto zariadení, správ okresného významu
1.7.1. stredných škôl s maturitou
1.7.2. špecifických škôl
1.7.3. inštitútov vzdelávania dospelých
1.7.4. zdravotníctva a sociálneho zabezpečenia
1.7.5. kultúrnych zariadení okresného (regionálneho) a nadregionálneho významu
1.7.6. nákupných a obchodných stredísk
1.7.7. voľného času a rekreácie s dostatočnými plochami zelene
1.7.8. priemyslu.
1.10. Podporovať rozvoj vidieckeho osídlenia aj mimo priestorov tažisk osídlenia s cieľom vytvoriť rovnocenné životné podmienky pre všetkých obyvateľov so zachovaním špecifických druhov osídlenia.
1.10.1. podporovať vzťah urbánnych a rurálnych území v novom partnerstve založenom na integrácii funkčných vzťahov mest a vidieka a kultúrnohistorických a urbanisticko-architektonických daností,
1.10.2. zachovať pôvodný špecifický ráz vidieckeho priestoru, vychádzať z pôvodného charakteru zástavby a historicky utvorené okolitej krajiny; zachovať historicky utváraný typ zástavby obcí (kopaničiarsky v podhorí Malých a Bielych Karpát, Myjavskej pahorkatiny, polnohospodársky v níve Váhu a Nitry, vinohradnícky v oblasti Nového Mesta nad Váhom) a zohľadňovať národopisné špecifiká jednotlivých regiónov.(slovenský, moravsko-slovácky, nemecký),
1.10.3. pri rozvoji vidieckych oblastí zohľadňovať ich špecifické prírodné a krajinné prostredie a pri rozvoji jednotlivých činností dbať na zamedzenie, resp. obmedzenie možných negatívnych dôsledkov týchto činností na krajinné a životné prostredie vidieckeho priestoru,
1.10.4. vytvárať podmienky dobrej dostupnosti vidieckych priestorov k sídelným centrám, podporovať výstavbu verejného dopravného a technického vybavenia obcí, moderných informačných technológií tak, aby vidiecke priestory vytvárali kultúrne a pracoviskovo rovnocenné prostredie voči urbánnym
priestorom a dosiahnuť tak skĺbenie tradičného vidieckeho prostredia s požiadavkami na moderný spôsob života.
1.10.5. vytvárať optimálnejšie správne celky zlučovaním obcí na geografický podobných základoch a princípoch ako predpokladu efektívnejšieho rozvoja v súčasnosti rozdrobeného územia vidieka.
1.11. Zachovať pri novej výstavbe a ďalšom rozvoji územia jestvujúce vojenské objekty a zariadenia a rešpektovať ich ochranné pásma poskytovať pri majetkovom prevode určitého jestvujúceho vojenského objektu po dohode s Ministerstvom obrany Slovenskej republiky rovnocennú náhradu prerokovať jednotlivé stupne ďalšej projektovej dokumentácie staveb s Ministerstvom obrany Slovenskej republiky.
2. V oblasti rekreácie a cestovného ruchu
2.1 Podporovať predovšetkým rozvoj tých foriem rekreácie a cestovného ruchu, ktoré majú medzinárodný význam. Sú to: kúpeľníctvo, rekreácia pre pobyt pri vodných plochách, vodná turistika (na Váhu), cykloturistika, poľovníctvo, poznávací kultúrny turizmus (návšteva pamätníhodností, podujatí), kongresový cestovný ruch a výstavníctvo, tranzitný cestovný ruch. Podporovať nenáročné formy cestovného ruchu (agroturistika, vidiecky turizmus) hlavne v kopaničiarskych oblastiach s malým dopadom na životné prostredie.
2.3 Usmerňovať rozvoj rekreácie a cestovného ruchu do vhodných obcí a rekreačných lokalít v okrese:
2.3.3. Myjava: Brezová pod Bradlom, Stará Myjava a Brezová pod Bradlom - vodná nádrž Brezová Krajné – miestna časť Matejovec – vodná nádrž.
2.4 Skvalitňovať a vytvárať podmienky pre rozvoj vidieckeho cestovného ruchu a agroturistiky predovšetkým v sídlach s perspektívou rozvoja týchto progresívnych aktivít; podporovať združenia a zoskupenia obcí s takýmto zameraním na území kraja.
2.5 Usmerňovať rozvoj individuálnej rekreácie do vhodných sídiel na chalupársku rekreáciu.
2.6 Zabezpečiť podmienky na krátkodobú rekreáciu obyvateľov okresných a väčších miest v ich záujmovom území, hlavne v priestoroch s funkciou prímestských rekreačných zón.
2.8. Pri realizácii všetkých rozvojových zámerov rekreácie a cestovného ruchu na území kraja:
2.8.1. sústavne zvyšovať kvalitatívny štandard nových, alebo rekonštruovaných objektov a služieb cestovného ruchu,
2.8.2. postupne vytvárať komplexný systém objektov a služieb pre turistov na diaľničnej a ostatnej cestnej sieti medzinárodného a regionálneho významu,
2.8.3. pri výstavbe a dostavbe stredísk rekreácie a turizmu využívať najnovšie technické a technologické prvky a zariadenia,
2.8.4. všetky významné centrá rekreácie a turizmu postupne vybaviť komplexným vzájomne prepojeným informačno-rezervačným systémom pre turistov s možnosťou jeho zapojenia do medzinárodných informačných systémov.
2.11 Dodržiavať na území osobitne chránených krajinných oblastí a NATURA 2000 únosný pomer funkcie ochrany prírody s funkciami spojenými s rekreáciou a cestovným ruchom.
AUREX, s.r.o., Bratislava, február 2015
2.12 Na celom území Trenčianskeho kraja podporovať a usmerňovať využitie územia pre rozvoj rekreácie a cestovného ruchu v súlade s rešpektovaním prírodných hodnôt územia.
3. V oblasti sociálnej infraštruktúry
3.1 Školstvo
3.1.1 rozvíjať školstvo na všetkých stupňoch a zabezpečiť územnotechnické podmienky,
3.1.3 optimalizovať sieť škôl a školských zariadení, rovnomernejšie pokrývať územie kraja zariadeniami stredného školstva a podľa potreby trhu práce aktuálne reprofilovať študijné odbory.
3.2 Zdravotníctvo
3.2.1 rozvíjať zdravotnú starostlivosť vo všetkých formách jej poskytovania ambulantnej, ústavnej a lekárenskej v súlade so schválenou verejnou minimálnou sieťou poskytovateľov zdravotnej starostlivosti,
3.2.2 vytvárať podmienky pre rovnocennú prístupnosť a primeranú dostupnosť obyvateľov jednotlivých oblastí kraja k nemocničným zariadeniam a službám.
3.3 Sociálna starostlivosť
3.3.1 rekonštruovať a obnovovať budovy a zariadenia sociálnej starostlivosti a komplexne modernizovať infraštruktúru v existujúcich zariadeniach sociálnych služieb, zvyšovať štandardy, optimalizovať kapacity a vytvárať podmienky na zlepšenie kvality poskytovania sociálnej starostlivosti a služieb pre obyvateľov poproduktívneho veku, takisto pre sociálne marginalizované skupiny obyvateľstva a detí,
3.3.2 zabezpečiť rozvoj programu sociálnej starostlivosti a jeho realizáciu pre rôzne vekové, zdravotné a sociálne skupiny občanov a dobudovať sieť sociálnej starostlivosti tak, aby územie Trenčianskeho kraja bolo v tejto oblasti sebestačné a aby sa vytvorila sieť kvalitných, dostupných, ekonomicky efektívnych a flexibilných sociálnych služieb,
3.3.3 vytvárať podmienky pre nové, nedostatkové či chýbajúce formy sociálnych služieb,
3.3.4 očakávať nárast podielu obyvateľov v poproduktívnom veku v súvislosti s predpokladaným demografickým vývojom a zabezpečiť primerané nároky na ubytovacie zariadenia pre prestarnutých obyvateľov (domovy dôchodcov a domovy – penzióny pre dôchodcov) a služby,
3.3.5 podporovať transformáciu niektorých zariadení sociálnej starostlivosti na integrované komunitné a menšie centrá sociálnych služieb pre jednotlivé skupiny obyvateľstva ako aj prechod z veľkokapacitných na malokapacitné, multifunkčné zariadenia.
4. V oblasti usporiadania územia z hľadiska kultúrno-historického dedičstva
4.1. Rešpektovať kultúrno-historické dedičstvo, predovšetkým vyhlásené kultúrne pamiatky, vyhlásené urbanistické súbory (mestské pamiatkové rezervácie, pamiatkové zóny a ich ochranné pásma) a súbory navrhované na vyhlásenie a historické krajinné štruktúry (pamiatkovo chránené parky).
4.2. Rešpektovať typickú formu a štruktúru osídlenia charakterizujúcu územiekraja (kopaničiarske osídlenie).
4.3. Uplatňovať a rešpektovať typovú a funkčnú profiláciu jednotlivých mestských a vidieckych sídiel.
4.4. Rešpektovať dominantné znaky typu krajinného prostredia.
4.5. Posudzovať pri rozvoji územia kraja význam a hodnoty jeho kultúrno-historických daností v nadváznosti na všetky zámery v sociálne ekonomickom rozvoji.
4.6. Zohľadňovať a revitalizovať v územnom rozvoji kraja:
4.6.2 územia historických jadier miest a obcí,
4.6.3 známe a predpokladané lokality archeologických nálezísk,
4.6.4 najvýznamnejšie národné kultúrne pamiatky, kultúrne pamiatky ich súbory a areály a ich ochranné pásma (najmä Trenčín - hrad, Beckovhrad, Bojnice, Brezová pod Bradlom – Mohyla na Bradle),
4.6.5 územia miest a obcí, kde je zachytený historický stavebný fond, ako aj časti rozptýleného osídlenia,
4.6.6 historicke technické diela.
5. V oblasti usporiadania územia z hľadiska ekológie, ochrany prírody a krajiny, ochrany poľnohospodárskeho a lesného pôdného fondu
5.1. Rešpektovať poľnohospodársky pôdný fond a lesný pôdný fond ako faktor limitujúci urbanistický rozvoj kraja, definovaný v záväznej časti územného plánu.
5.2. Realizovať systémy správneho využívania poľnohospodárskych pôd a ich ochranu pred eróziou, zaburiením, nadmerou urbanizáciou, necitlivým riešením dopravnej siete a pred všetkými druhmi odpadov.
5.3. Pri obnovách lesných hospodárskych plánov potrebných k obhospodarovaniu lesov zohľadňovať požiadavky ochrany prírody.
5.4. V jednotlivých okresoch kraja neproduktívne a nevyužiteľné poľnohospodárské pozemky navrhnuté na zalesnenie.
5.5. Podporovať riešenie eróznych problémov, ktoré je navrhované v rámci pozemkových úprav a projektov miestneho územného systému ekologickej stability, prostredníctvom remízok, protieróznych pásov a vetrolamov, v oblastiach Myjavskej pahorkatiny, Bielych Karpát, Malých Karpát, Strážovských vrchov, Javorníkov a Považského Inovca.
5.7. Obmedzovať reguláciu a melioráciu pozemkov v kontakte s chránenými územiama a mokraďami.
5.8. Vytvárať podmienky pre zastavenie procesu znižovania biodiverzity v celom území kraja.
5.9. Podporovať opatrenia na sanáciu a rekultiváciu zosuvných a opustených tlažobných, poddolovaných území a začleniť ich do funkcie krajiny.
5.11. Postupne riešiť problematiku budovania spevnených a nespevnených lesných ciest tak, aby nedochádzalo k erózii pôd na svahoch.
5.12. Revitalizovať priestory so zmenenou krajinnou štruktúrou podľa osobitných revitalizačných programov.
5.15. Uplatňovať opatrenia na zlepšenie stavu životného prostredia vyplývajúce zo schválených krajských a okresných environmentálnych akčných programov.
5.16 Rešpektovať pri organizácii, využívaní a rozvoji územia význam a hodnoty jeho prírodných daností a najmä v osobitne chránených územiach (v zmysle územnej ochrany, sústavy NATURA 2000 a pod.), biotopov európskeho a národného významu, prvkov územného systému ekologickej stability, NECONET, zvlášť biotopoch osobitne chránených a ohrozených druhov bioty, mokradí a voľne žijúcich živočíchov. Využívanie územia zosúladiť s funkciou ochrany prírody a krajiny.
5.17 Podporovať alternatívne poľnohospodárstvo v chránených územiach podľa zákona o ochrane prírody a krajiny, v pásmach hygienickej ochrany.
5.18 V miestach s intenzívnou veternom a vodnou eróziou zabezpečiť protieróznu ochranu pôdy prevážne v oblastiach Myjavskej pahorkatiny, Bielych Karpát, Malých Karpát, Strážovských vrchov, Považského Inovca, Tribeča, Vtáčnika, Javorníkov.
5.19 Odstrániť skládky odpadov lokalizované v chránených územiach prírody.
5.21 Revitalizovať toky upravené na kanálový typ, kompletizovať sprievodnú vegetáciu výsadbou pásu domácich druhov drevín a krovín pozdĺž tokov zvýšením podielu trávnych porastov na plochách okolitých mikrodepresií, čím vzniknú podmienky na realizáciu navrhovaných biokoridorov pozdĺž tokov.
5.22 Venovať pozornosť revitalizácii jestvujúcich potokov a prinávrateniu funkcie čiastočne likvidovaným resp. nevhodne upraveným tokom na riešenom území -zvlášť mimo zastavané územie obcí (zapojenie pôvodných ramien, važín, prírodných úprav brehov a pod. - napr. Dudváh, Biely potok, apod.), vysadiť lesy v nivách riek na plochách náhynlých na eróziu, chrániť mokrade, spomaliti odtok vód v upravených korytách.
6. V oblasti usporiadania územia z hľadiska hospodárskeho rozvoja
6.1. Vytvárať podmienky pre zlepšenie výkonnosti a efektívnosti hospodárstva a harmonicky využívať celé územie kraja.
6.2. Nové podniky lokalizovať predovšetkým do disponibilných plôch v intraviláne obcí v existujúcich hospodárskych areáloch, prípadne uvažovať s možným využitím uvoľnených areálov poľnohospodárskych dvorov.
6.3. Podporovať budovanie priemyselných parkov celoštátneho významu v nasledovných lokalitách: ...
6.3.4. Myjava – Javorinská
7. V oblasti rozvoja nadradenej dopravnej infraštruktúry
7.1. Cestná infraštruktúra
7.1.1. Rešpektovať lokalizáciu existujúcej cestnej infraštruktúry a vyplývajúce obmedzenia v ochranných pásmach.
7.1.9. Zabezpečiť územnú rezervu - koridor pre cestu II/499 (regionálneho významu) v kategórii C 9.5/70-60, v trase a úsekoch:
• západný obchvat Myjava,
• obchvat Brezová pod Bradlom
7.1.10. Homogenizovať existujúcu trasu cesty II/499 (regionálneho významu) v
kategórii C 9,5/70-60.
7.1.26. Zabezpečiť územnú rezervu - koridor pre cestu II/581 (s podporou jej nadregionálnej funkcie v rámci cestného tahu št. hranica SR/Rakúsko – Moravský Svätý Ján - Senica - Myjava - Nové Mesto nad Váhom) v kategórii C 9,5/70-60, v trase a úseku:
• obchvat Myjava,
7.1.27. Homogenizovať existujúcu trasu cesty II/581 v kategórii C 9,5/70-60.
7.2. Infraštruktúra železničnej dopravy
7.2.2. Rešpektovať lokalizáciu existujúcej železničnej infraštruktúry a jej ochranné pásma.
7.6. Hromadná doprava
Vybudovať integrovaný dopravný systém pre koordináciu tarifných prepravných podmienok a budovanie vhodných druhov doprav
7.6.1. V návrhovom období, v aglomeráciách Stredného Považia a Hornej Nitry, vybudovať integrované systémy hromadnej prepravy osôb s koordinovanou tarifnou politikou.
7.7. Infraštruktúra cyklistickej dopravy
...
7.7.2. Vytvoriť územné podmienky k prepojeniu cyklomagistrál a pripojeniu regionálnych cyklotrás na Považskú cyklomagistrálu:
• Nové Mesto nad Váhom - Myjava - Vrbovce hranica SR/ČR,
8. V oblasti nadradenej technickej infraštruktúry
8.1. Energetika
8.1.1. rešpektovať jestvujúce koridory pre nadradený plynovod a veľmi vysoké napätie,
8.1.9. vytvárať príaznivé podmienky a podporovať intenzívnejšie využívanie obnoviteľných a druhotných zdrojov energie ako lokálnych doplnkových zdrojov v systémovej energetike s vylúčením negatívneho dopadu na charakter krajiny,
8.1.10. vytvárať podmienky pre postupnú plynofikáciu obcí kraja,
8.1.13. v podhorských obciach kraja presadzovať a podporovať využitie miestnych energetických zdrojov (biomasa, geotermálna a solárna energia, malé vodné elektrárne, a pod.) pre potreby obyvateľstva a služieb.
8.2. Vodné hospodárstvo
8.2.1. Rešpektovať pásmo hygienickej ochrany vodných zdrojov ...
8.2.3. Na úseku verejných vodovodov:
V okrese Myjava:
k) Dobudovať prívod vody pre Vrbovce zo skupinového vodovodu Myjava,
l) Vybudovať prívod vody zo skupinového vodovodu Senica pre Chvojnicu, resp. na základe hydrogeologického prieskumu z miestnych vodných zdrojov,
m) Prepojiť skupinové vodovodov Jalšie – Martiška – Doliny – Vlčia dolina tým zabezpečiť zásobovanie pitnou vodou z verejných vodovodov v celom katastrálnom území obce Krajné a spádových obcí.
8.2.4. Na úseku verejných kanalizácií:
v súlade s Plánom rozvoja verejných vodovodov a verejných kanalizácií pre územie Slovenskej republiky a Koncepciou vodoohospodárskej politiky Slovenskej republiky:
a) zabezpečiť zodpovedajúcu úroveň odvádzania a čistenia komunálnych odpadových vôd s odstraňovaním nutrientov z aglomerácií s produkciou organického znečistenia väčšou ako 10 000 EO v súlade s plánom rozvoja verejných kanalizácií,
b) zabezpečiť zodpovedajúcu úroveň odvádzania a sekundárneho (biologického) čistenia komunálnych odpadových vôd z aglomerácií s produkcii organického znečistenia od 2 000 EO do 10 000 EO,
c) ak je v aglomeráciách s veľkosťou pod 2 000 EO vybudovaná stoková sieť, zabezpečiť primeranú úroveň čistenia komunálnych alebo splaškových odpadových vôd tak, aby bola zabezpečená požadovaná miera ochrany recipienta; opatrenia realizovať priebežne v súlade s plánom rozvoja verejných kanalizácií,
k) zabezpečiť výstavbu kanalizačných systémov a rekonštrukcií ČOV v aglomeráciách nad 10 000 ekvivalentných obyvateľov:
3. Aglomerácia Myjava,
8.2.5. Na úseku odtokových pomerov povodí: v súlade s požiadavkami ochrany prírody a odporúčaniami Rámovej smernice o vodách
a) vykonávať na upravených tokoch údržbu za účelom udržiavania vybudovaných kapacít,
b) zlepšovať vodoohospodárské pomery na malých vodných tokoch a v povodí zásahmi smerujúcimi k stabilizácii pomerov v extrémnych situáciách tak povodňových, ako aj v období sucha,
c) zabezpečiť na neupravených úsekoch tokov predovšetkým ochranu intravilánov miest a obcí, nadviazne komplexne riešiť odtokové pomery na tokoch v súlade s rozvojovými programami a koncepciou rozvoja,
d) zabezpečovať preventívne protierózne opatrenia najmä v svahovitých častiach povodí Chvojnice a Myjavy, dbať na dodržiavanie správnych agrotechnických postupov, výsadbu a udržiavanie ochranných vegetačných pásov v blízkosti poľnohospodárskych plôch a zriaďovanie vsakovacích plôch,
f) vytvoriť podmienky pre včasné prípravu a realizáciu protipovodňových opatrení,
g) zabezpečiť ochranu inundačných území tokov a zamedziť v nich výstavbu a iné nevhodné činnosti
8.2.7. V oblasti protipovodňovej ochrany
Realizovať stavby spojené s protipovodňovými opatreniami v čiastkových povodiach Váhu, Nitry a Myjavy na ochranu intravilánov miest a obcí v súlade s Programom protipovodňovej ochrany SR a ďalších tokov v čiastkových povodiach Váhu, Nitry a Myjavy v súlade s investičným rozvojovým programom Slovenského vodoohospodárskeho podniku a koncepciou vodného hospodárstva,
9.1 V oblasti odpadového hospodárstva
9.1.1. Riešiť zneškodňovanie odpadov na území kraja v súlade soschváleným Programom odpadového hospodárstva SR, pričom v jeho v intenciách rozpracovať Program odpadového hospodárstva Trenčianskeho kraja.
Usmerňovať odpadové hospodárstvo v zmysle znižovania negatívnych vplyvov
na životné prostredie zo starých skládok odpadov a ďalších environmentálnych zátazí.
9.1.2. Riešiť budovanie zberných stredísk na vyseparované zložky z komunálneho odpadu v mestách a obciach kraja a budovanie kompostárni v súlade s právnymi predpismi EÚ.
9.1.3. Riešiť vybudovanie nových etáp existujúcich skládok odpadov v súlade s právnymi predpismi.
9.1.4. Podporovať vo všetkých oblastiach vzniku odpadov separovaný zber pre rozvoj recyklácie materiálov zo zhodnotiteľských odpadov.
9.1.5. Celoplošne rozšíriť separovaný zber odpadov s čo najväčším počtom separovaných zložiek (papier, sklo, plasty, kovy a BRO).
9.1.6. Zvyšovať množstvo biologicky rozložiteľného odpadu (zo všetkých zdrojov) zhodnocovaného aeróbnym alebo anaeróbnym spôsobom (kompostovaním, resp. spracovaním na bioplyn).
9.1.7. Uprednostniť spaľovanie energeticky využiteľných odpadov pred skládkovaním, a to len v prípade, že nie je možné tieto odpady materiálovo zhodnotiť.
9.1.8. Povoľovať nové zariadenia na spaľovanie odpadov za podmienky energetického využitia a zároveň tieto odpady nie je možné materiálovo zhodnotiť.
9.1.9. Zabezpečiť zneškodňovanie nebezpečných odpadov z priemyslu a zdravotníctva určených na spaľovanie na vyhovujúcich zariadeniach splňujúcich stanovené emisné limity.
9.1.10. Minimalizovať množstvo kalov z ČOV ukladaných na skládky.
9.1.11. Riešiť skládkovanie odpadov na existujúcich a navrhovaných veľkokapacitných regionálnych skládkach s vyhovujúcimi technickými podmienkami a v územiach vhodných pre umiestňovanie skládok odpadov a v ktorých sa prirodzene zabezpečuje minimalizácia rizík ohrozenia zdravia obyvateľov a znečistenia zložiek životného prostredia (najmä zásob a kvality podzemných vôd):
d) skládka Kostolné - Hrašné v k. ú. Kosotlné v okrese Myjava,
1.2 Verejnoprospěšné stavby
Verejnoprospěšné stavby v oblasti vodného hospodárstva
1. Oblast zásobovania pitnou vodou
1.11 Prívod vody pre Vrbovce zo skupinového vodovodu Myjava,
2. Oblast odvádzania a čistenia odpadových vôd
Verejné kanalizácie v jednotlivých aglomeráciách
4. Aglomerácia Myjava,
ZMENY A DOPLNKY ZÁVÄZNEJ ČASTI ÚZEMNÉHO PLÁNU
Záväzná časť územného plánu mesta Myjava schváleného Mestským zastupiteľstvom uznesením č. , ktorá je súčasťou VZN č. sa dopĺňa takto:
V časti
F. ZÁSADY A REGULATÍVY STAROSTLIVOSTI O ŽIVOTNÉ PROSTREDIE
- doplnenie nových bodov na koniec kapitoly v nasledujúcom znení:
Alokovať priestorový rozvoj reguláčného bloku 9.012 (Lokalita č. 2 ZaD č. 1/2013) s funkčným využitím „POS – Polyfunkčné plochy obchodu a služieb“ výhradne na parcelu registra „C“ s číslom 4416/1.
Navrhnúť v reguláčnom bloku 9.012 (Lokalita č. 2 ZaD č. 1/2013) s funkčným využitím „POS – Polyfunkčné plochy obchodu a služieb“ minimálne 20 metrový pás drevinovej výsadby oddelujúci plochu výstavby od prírodného porastu jelského lesa. Táto výsadba musí zodpovedať svojou druhovou skladbou geograficky a stanovište pôvodným druhom.
Rešpektovať ustanovenia Zákona č. 364/2004 Z. z. (Vodný zákon) od brehovej čiaru Dingovho potoka, pričom brehovú čiaru je pri realizácii objektov v kontaktných reguláčnych blokoch potrebné určiť zameraním v teréne.
Budovať v reguláčnom bloku 1.008 (Lokalita č. 1 ZaD č. 1/2013) s funkčným využitím „BZ – Plochy bývania - rodinné domy so zmiešanou funkciou“ v smere od komunikácie plný plot do výšky minimálne 1,6 m. Stavby zároveň riešiť ako prízemný objekt alebo okná pobytových miestností na poschodí či v obytnom podkroví orientovať smerom od cesty.
G. VYMEDŽENIE ZASTAVANÉHO ÚZEMIA
- doplnenie nových odstavcov na koniec kapitoly v nasledujúcom znení:
Rozšíriť zastavané územie v lokalite Kamenné tak, ako je to vyznačené na priesvitkovej náložke v grafickej časti dokumentácie vo výkrese č. 5/1 - ZD1/2013 „Návrh regulatívov funkčného a priestorového usporiadania“.
Rozšíriť zastavané územie v lokalite Dolný Pasienok tak, ako je to vyznačené na priesvitkovej náložke v grafickej časti dokumentácie vo výkrese č. 5/2 - ZD1/2013 „Návrh regulatívov funkčného a priestorového usporiadania“.
Zmeny a doplnky č. 1/2013
Územného plánu mesta
MYJAVA
TEXTOVÁ ČASŤ
UPRAVENÝ NÁVRH
MÁJ 2014
MESTO MYJAVA
Zmeny a doplnky č. 1/2013 Územného plánu mesta Myjava
boli schválené uznesením mestského zastupiteľstva
č. .................................................. dňa ..................................................
Myjava, dňa ................................................. ...............................................
Pavel Halabrín
Primátor mesta
Územný plán mesta Myjava
Územný plán mesta Myjava spracoval ateliér pre výskumnú a projektovú činnosť v oblasti architektúry, územiaho rozvoja, ekológie a informatiky AUREX spol. s r. o. v septembri roku 2004, ktorý schválilo Mestské zastupiteľstvo mesta Myjava uznesením č. 67/2004 dňa 15.10.2004. Záväzná časť bola vyhlásená VZN č.8/2004.
Zmeny a doplnky č. 1/2013 Územného plánu mesta Myjava
Orgán územného plánovania, ktorým je mesto Myjava, v súlade so zákonom č. 50/1976 Zb. o územnom plánovaní a stavebnom poriadku v znení neskorších predpisov sústavne sleduje, či sa nezmienili územnotechnické, hospodárske a sociálne predpoklady, na základe ktorých bola navrhnutá koncepcia organizácie územia. Ak dôjde k zmene predpokladov, alebo je potrebné umiestniť verejnoprospiešné stavby, orgán územného plánovania obstará zmeny a doplnky územnoplánovacej dokumentácie, prípadne vypracovanie novej územnoplánovacej dokumentácie.
Návrh Zmien a doplnkov je spracovaný na základe Zákona č. 25/2006 Z. z. o verejnom obstarávaní a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov v znení neskorších predpisov spoločnosťou AUREX spol. s r. o.. Zmeny a doplnky č. 1/2013 Územného plánu mesta Myjava (ďalej aj ako ZaD č. 1/2013) sú územnoplánovacou dokumentáciou upravujúcou čistopis Územného plánu z roku 2004 v znení Zmien a doplnkov.
Do čistopisu územnoplánovacej dokumentácie boli zapracované a schválené skutočnosti upravujúce rozvoja mesta formou zmien a doplnkov:
- Zmeny a doplnky č. 1/2006
Zmeny a doplnky č. 1/2006 boli schválené uznesením mestského zastupiteľstva č. 180/2008, Záväzná časť bola vyhlásená VZN č.8/2008.
Obstarávateľ
Mesto Myjava
Námestie M. R. Štefánika 560/4
907 01 Myjava
Spracovateľ
AUREX spol. s r. o.
Lubľanská 831 02
Bratislava
Riešiteľský kolektív Zmien a doplnkov ÚPN
Hlavný riešiteľ Ing. arch. Ľubomír Klaučo autorizovaný architekt SKA reg. číslo: 0983 AA
Zodpovedný riešiteľ Ing. Matúš Bizoň
Osoba odborne spôsobilá pre obstarávanie ÚPN
podľa §2a zákona č. 50/1976 Zb. o územnom plánovaní a stavebnom poriadku v znení neskorších predpisov
Osoba odborne spôsobilá Anna Javorková reg. č.: 291 M.R.Štefánika 124, 908 41 Šaštín Stráže firstname.lastname@example.org +421 903 688 243
Riešenie Zmien a doplnkov č. 1/2013 Územného plánu mesta Myjava
Návrh Zmien a doplnkov Územného plánu mesta Myjava č. 1/2013 (ďalej aj ako ZaD č. 1/2013) je vypracovaný v súlade so stanovenými hlavnými cieľmi a požiadavkami spracovania, ktoré sú definované v Zadaní Územného plánu mesta Myjava.
Prostredníctvom ZaD č. 1/2013 je spracované zosúladenie s nadradenou územno-plánovacou dokumentáciou regiónu, ktorou je pre mesto Myjava „ÚZEMNÝ PLÁN VEĽKÉHO ÚZEMNÉHO CELKU TRENČIANSKEHO KRAJA“ v znení Zmien a doplnkov č. 1 a Zmien a doplnkov č. 2 (ďalej aj ako ÚPN VÚC Trenčianskeho kraja). Do Územného plánu mesta Myjava sú premietnuté vzhľady vyplývajúce z riešenia a zo záväzných častí územného plánu regiónu formou konkrétnejch bodov záväznej časti ÚPN VÚC Trenčianskeho kraja v aktuálnom a platnom znení.
V ZaD č. 1/2013 je navrhnutá zmena funkčného využitia v dvoch územne segregovaných lokalitách. Lokalizácia dotknutých území je graficky vyznačená na výkrese č. 2a – ZD1/2013 „Komplexný urbanistický návrh“ s označením „Lokalita č. 1“ a „Lokalita č. 2“.
Súčasťou ZaD č. 1/2013 je Vyhodnotenie záberov poľnohospodárskeho pôdneho fondu (PPF) a lesného pôdneho fondu (LPF).
Lokalita 1
V ZaD č. 1/2013 je v rámci Lokality č. 1 navrhnutá zmena časti územia v urbanistickom obvode č. 16, Kamenné. Navrhnutá je zmena vymedzenia regulačného bloku 1.008 s funkčným využitím „BZ – Plochy bývania – rodinné domy so zmiešanou funkciou“. Jedná sa o plochu s výmerou 0,17 ha, ktorá je situovaná mimo zastaveného územia, pričom je navrhnutá na príčlenenie k regulačnému bloku 1.008. Predmetná plocha sa stane
zastavaným územím. Výmera regulačného bloku 1.008 po rozšírení výmery predstavuje 2,97 ha.
**Lokalita 2**
V ZaD č. 1/2013 je v rámci Lokality č. 2 navrhnutá zmena časti územia v urbanistickom obvode č. 09, Dolný Pasienok. Navrhnutý je nový regulačný blok 9.012 s funkčným využitím „POS – Polyfunkčné plochy obchodu a služieb“. Jedná sa o plochu s výmerou 2,51 ha, ktorá je situovaná mimo zastaveného územia. Vymedzená lokalita je navrhnutá na začlenenie do zastavaného územia.
Súčasťou Lokality č. 2 je aj vymedzenie plochy o výmere 0,34 ha, ktorá je definovaná pre zachovanie jestvujúcej zelene v podobe Jaseňovo-jelšového lesa situovaného medzi navrhovaným regulačným blokom 9.012 a jestvujúcim regulačným blokom 9.007.
Táto funkčná plocha je v zmysle koncepcie zelene definovaná ako „Plocha krajinnej zelene v sídle“. Jej cielom je posilnenie ochrany biotopu európskeho významu a genofondovo významnej lokality Myjavskej pahorkatiny.
**Členenie dokumentu Zmeny a doplnky č. 1/2013 Územného plánu mesta Myjava**
- Textová časť
- Záväzná časť
- Grafická časť
A. ÚVOD
A.1 IDENTIFIKAČNÉ ÚDAJE
- Kapitola bez zmeny
A.2 ZADANIE ÚLOHY
- Kapitola bez zmeny
A.3 URČENIE HLAVNÝCH CIEĽOV ROZVOJA ÚZEMIA VYJADRUJÚCICH ROZVOJOVÝ PROGRAM OBSTARÁVATEĽA
- Kapitola bez zmeny
A.4 VYMEDZENIE RIEŠENÉHO ÚZEMIA
- Kapitola bez zmeny
A.5 POSTUP A SPÔSOB SPRACOVANIA
- Doplnenie novej podkapitoly na konci textu v znení:
A.5.3 SPÔSOB SPRACOVANIA ZMIEN A DOPLINKOV Č. 1/2013 ÚZEMNÉHO PLÁNU MESTA MYJAVA
Návrh Zmien a doplnkov je spracovaný na základe Zákona č. 25/2006 Z. z. o verejnom obstarávaní a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov v znení neskorších predpisov spoločnosťou AUREX spol. s r. o.
Zmeny a doplnky č. 1/2013 Územného plánu mesta Myjava (ďalej aj ako ZaD č. 1/2013) sú územnoplánovacou dokumentáciou upravujúcou čistopis Územného plánu zo septembra roku 2004 v znení Zmien a doplnkov.
Prostredníctvom ZaD č. 1/2013 je spracované zosúladenie s nadradenou územno-plánovacou dokumentáciou regiónu, ktorou je pre mesto Myjava „ÚZEMNÝ PLÁN VEĽKÉHO ÚZEMNÉHO CELKU TRENČIANSKEHO KRAJA“ v znení Zmien a doplnkov č. 1 (september 2004) a Zmien a doplnkov č. 2 (október 2011). Od chválenia Zmien a doplnkov č. 1/2006 Územného plánu mesta Myjava bol územnoplánovacia dokumentácia regiónu aktualizovaná v podobe Zmien a doplnkov č. 2 Územného plánu veľkého územného celku Trenčianskeho kraja.
Formou ZaD č. 1/2013 Územného plánu mesta Myjava sú v záväznej časti premietnuté väzby vyplývajúce z riešenia a zo záväzných častí územného plánu regiónu formou konkrétnych bodov záväznej časti ÚPN VÚC Trenčianskeho kraja v aktuálnom a platnom znení.
V ZaD č. 1/2013 je navrhnutá zmena funkčného využitia v dvoch územne segregovaných lokalitách. Lokalizácia dotknutých území je graficky vyznačená na výkrese č. 2a – ZD1/2013 „Komplexný urbanistický návrh“ s označením „Lokalita č. 1“ a „Lokalita č. 2“.
Súčasťou ZaD č. 1/2013 je Vyhodnotenie záberov poľnohospodárskeho pôdneho fondu (PPF) a lesného pôdneho fondu (LPF).
Lokalita č. 1
Cieľom návrhu v Lokalite č. 1 v rámci ZaD č.1/2013 je zmena časti územia v urbanistickom obvode č. 16, Kamenné. Navrhnutá je zmena vymedzenia regulačného bloku 1.008 s funkčným využitím „BZ – Plochy bývania - rodinné domy so zmiešanou funkcíou“. Jedná sa o plochu s výmerou 0,17 ha, ktorá je situovaná mimo zastavaného územia, pričom je navrhnutá na príčlenenie k regulačnému bloku 1.008. Predmetná plocha sa stane súčasťou zastavaného územia. Výmera regulačného bloku 1.008 po rozšírení výmeru predstavuje 2,97 ha. Zmena vymedzenia zastavaného územia, resp. regulačného bloku vyplýva z dopytu spoločnosti po plochách na výstavbu rodinných domov. V rámci výmery lokality č.1 je možné uvažovať s realizáciou 2 rodinných domov.
Územné vymedzenie regulačného bloku je premietnuté na priesvitkovej náložke v grafickej časti dokumentácie vo výkrese 5/1 - ZD1/2013 „Návrh regulatívov funkčného a priestorového usporiadania“. Priesvitková náložka je preložená na rovnomenný výkres čistopisu Územného plánu mesta Myjava zo septembra roku 2004 v znení neskorších Zmien a doplnkov.
Vzhľadom k rozšíreniu plochy bývania smerom k dopravnému obchvatu mesta, vedeného v koridore cesty II/581, je pri realizácii stavieb a v nižších stupňoch projektovej dokumentácie potrebné rešpektovať eliminačné opatrenia pred prípadným vplyvom hluku tranzitnej dopravy v nasledujúcom rozsahu:
- V smere od komunikácie budovať plný plot do výšky minimálne 1,6 m.
- Stavby riešiť ako prizemný objekt alebo okná pobytových miestností na poschodí či v obytnom podkroví orientovať smerom od cesty.
Vyššie uvedené usmernenia sú premietnuté v záväznej časti dokumentácie formou záväzných regulatívov.
Lokalita č. 2
Cieľom návrhu v Lokalite č. 2 v rámci ZaD č.1/2013 je zmena časti územia v urbanistickom obvode č. 09, Dolný Pasienok. Navrhnutý je nový regulačný blok 9.012 s funkčným využitím „POS – Polyfunkčné plochy obchodu a služieb“. Jedná sa o plochu s výmerou 2,51 ha, ktorá je situovaná mimo zastavaného územia. Vymedzená lokalita je navrhnutá na začlenenie do zastavaného územia. Zmena vymedzenia zastavaného územia, resp. vytvorenie nového regulačného bloku vyplýva z valorizácie zariadení obchodu a služieb v meste Myjava, ako centre kopaničiarsky osídleného regiónu.
Územné vymedzenie regulačného bloku je premietnuté na priesvitkovej náložke v grafickej časti dokumentácie vo výkrese 5/2 - ZD1/2013 „Návrh regulatívov funkčného a priestorového usporiadania“. Priesvitková náložka je preložená na rovnomenný výkres čistopisu Územného plánu mesta Myjava zo septembra roku 2004 v znení neskorších Zmien a doplnkov.
Vzhľadom k rozšíreniu zastavaného územia mesta smerom k lesnému porastu je pri realizácii stavieb a v nižších stupňoch projektovej dokumentácie potrebné v rámci tohto regulačného bloku navrhnúť minimálne 20 metrový pas drevinovej výsadby oddelujúcej plochu výstavby od prírodného porastu jelšového lesa. Výsadba musí zodpovedať svojou druhovou skladbou geograficky a stanovište pôvodným druhom. Týmto spôsobom je možné územnotechnicky zabezpečiť aj ochranu pobrežnej
vegetácie Dingovho potoka v zmysle ustanovení § 47 Vodného zákona, ktorý pojednáva o ochrane vodných tokov a ich korýť. Požiadavky sú premietnuté v záväznej časti dokumentácie formou záväzných regulatívov.
Súčasťou Lokality č. 2 je aj vymedzenie plochy o výmere 0,34 ha, ktorá je definovaná pre zachovanie jestvujúcej zelene v podobe Jaseňovo-jelšového lesa situovaného medzi navrhovaným regulačným blokom 9.012 a jestvujúcim regulačným blokom 9.007. Táto funkčná plocha je v zmysle koncepcie zelene definovaná ako „Plocha krajinnej zelene v sídle“. Jej cieľom je posilnenie ochrany biotopu európskeho významu a genofondovo významnej lokality Myjavskej pahorkatiny.
Územné vymedzenie Plochy krajinnej zelene je premietnuté na priesvitkovej náložke v grafickej časti dokumentácie vo výkrese 2b/2 - ZD1/2013 „Komplexný urbanistický návrh“. Priesvitková náložka je preložená na rovnomenný výkres čistopisu Územného plánu mesta Myjava zo septembra roku 2004 v znení neskorších Zmien a doplnkov.
**Regulatívny územného rozvoja a záväzná časť**
Časti textu navrhnuté na vypustenie z ÚPN sú preškrtnuté a označené červeným písmom. (príklad úpravy textu)
Časti textu navrhnuté na doplnenie do ÚPN sú uvedené modrým písmom. (príklad úpravy textu)
Zoznam výkresov dotknutých ZaD č. 1/2013
Výkres č. 2a - ZD1/2013
Komplexný urbanistický návrh
M = 1 : 10 000
Výkres č. 2b/1 - ZD1/2013
Komplexný urbanistický návrh – zastavané územie
M = 1 : 5 000
Výkres č. 2b/2 - ZD1/2013
Komplexný urbanistický návrh – zastavané územie
M = 1 : 5 000
Výkres č. 5/1 - ZD1/2013
Návrh regulatívov funkčného a priestorového usporiadania
M = 1 : 5 000
Výkres č. 5/2 - ZD1/2013
Návrh regulatívov funkčného a priestorového usporiadania
M = 1 : 5 000
Výkres č. 6 - ZD1/2013
Návrh riešenia krajinnnej štruktúry, územného systému ekologickej stability a ochrany prírody
M = 1 : 10 000
Výkres č. 7/1 – ZD1/2013
Vyhodnotenie záberov PPF a LPF
M = 1 : 5 000
Výkres č. 7/2 – ZD1/2013
Vyhodnotenie záberov PPF a LPF
M = 1 : 5 000
B. VÝCHODISKO PRE RIEŠENIE
B.1 ŠIRŠIE PRIESTOROVÉ VZŤAHY
B.1.2.1 KÚRS 2001
- Doplnenie nových odsekov na konci kapitoly textu v znení:
Koncepcia územného rozvoja Slovenska bola schválená uznesením vlády SR v roku 2001, záväzná časť bola vydaná nariadením vlády SR č. 528/2002 Z. z., ktorým sa vyhlásuje záväzná časť Koncepcie územného rozvoja Slovenska 2001. V roku 2006 bola aktualizovaná smerná časť KURS 2001 bez zmien v jej záväznej časti.
V roku 2011 boli vládou SR schválené zmeny a doplnky č. 1 Koncepcie územného rozvoja Slovenska 2001, ktoré boli schválené uznesením č. 513 z 10. augusta 2011. Nariadením vlády SR č. 461/2011 zo 16.11.2011 boli vyhlásené zmeny a doplnky záväznej časti KURS 2001.
B.1.2.2 ÚPN VÚC TRENČIANSKEHO KRAJA
- Doplnenie nových odsekov na konci textu kapitoly v znení:
Nadradená územnoplánovacia dokumentácia regiónu, ktorou je ÚPN VÚC TRENČIANSKEHO KRAJA, bola od chválenia Zmen a doplnkov č. 1/2006 Územného plánu mesta Myjava aktualizovaná v podobe Zmen a doplnkov č. 2 ÚPN VÚC.
Zmeny a doplnky č. 2 Územného plánu veľkého územného celku Trenčianskeho kraja, boli schválené v Zastupiteľstve Trenčianskeho samosprávneho kraja dňa 26.10.2011, uznesením číslo 297/2011 a ich záväzná časť bola vyhlásená Všeobecne záväzným nariadením (VZN) číslo 8/2011. VZN nadobudlo právoplatnosť 25.11.2011.
B.2 PRÍRODNÉ PODMIENKY
- Kapitola bez zmeny
B.3 DEMOGRAFICKÁ CHARAKTERISTIKA
- Kapitola bez zmeny
C. URBANISTICKÁ KONCEPCIA
C.1 PRIESTOROVÁ A FUNKČNÁ CHARAKTERISTIKA
- Kapitola bez zmeny
C.2 VNÚTORNÁ ŠTRUKTÚRA ČASTÍ MESTA
- Kapitola bez zmeny
C.3 LIMITY ROZVOJA
- Kapitola bez zmeny
C.4 TENDENCIE VÝVOJA
- Kapitola bez zmeny
C.5 ZÁSADY URBANISTICKEJ KONCEPCIE
- Kapitola bez zmeny
C.6 URBANISTICKÁ KONCEPCIA
- Kapitola bez zmeny
C.7 KONCEPCIA ROZVOJA ČASTÍ MESTA
- Kapitola bez zmeny
D. KONCEPCIA ROZVOJA FUNKČNÝCH ZLOŽIEK
D.1 CHARAKTERISTIKA BYTOVÉHO FONDU
- Kapitola bez zmeny
D.2 SÚČASNÝ DOPYT PO BYTOCH
- Kapitola bez zmeny
D.4 OBČIANSKA VYBAVENOSŤ
- Kapitola bez zmeny
D.5 PRIEMYSELNÁ VÝROBA, STAVEBNÍCTVO A SKLADOVÉ HOSPODÁRSTVO
- Kapitola bez zmeny
D.6 POĽNOHOSPODÁRSKA VÝROBA
- Kapitola bez zmeny
D.7 REKREÁCIA A TURIZMUS
- Kapitola bez zmeny
D.8 SÍDELNÁ ZELEŇ
- Kapitola bez zmeny
E. ÚZEMNÉ SYSTÉMY EKOLOGICKEJ STABILITY A OCHRANA PRÍRODY
E.1 POŽIADAVKY OCHRANY PRÍRODY A TVORBY ÚZEMNÝCH SYSTÉMOV EKOLOGICKEJ STABILITY
- Kapitola bez zmeny
F. NERASTNÁ SUROVINOVÁ ZÁKLADŇA
F.1 NERASTNÁ SUROVINOVÁ ZÁKLADŇA, JEJ VYUŽÍVANIE A OCHRANA, VPLYSŤ ŤAŽBY NA ŽIVOTNÉ PROSTREDIE
- Kapitola bez zmeny
G. OCHRANA A TVORBA ŽIVOTNÉHO PROSTREDIA
G.1 ŽIVOTNÉ PROSTREDIE
- Kapitola bez zmeny
G.2 ODPADOVÉ HOSPODÁRSTVO
- Kapitola bez zmeny
H. PAMIATKOVÁ STAROSTLIVOSŤ
H.1 STRUČNÁ CHARAKTERISTIKA PÔVODNEJ HISTORICKEJ ZÁSTAVBY
- Kapitola bez zmeny
H.2 SÚČASNÝ STAV PAMIATKOVEJ OCHRANY
- Kapitola bez zmeny
H.3 PODMIENKY A PRINCÍPY UPLATŇOVANIA PAMIATKOVEJ OCHRANY
- Kapitola bez zmeny
I. DOPRAVA
I.1 ŠIRŠIE DOPRAVNÉ VZŤAHY
- Kapitola bez zmeny
I.2 SCENÁRE ÚZEMNÉHO ROZVOJA DOPRAVY
- Kapitola bez zmeny
I.3 ÚZEMNÝ PRIEMET NÁVRHU DOPRAVNEJ INFRAŠTRUKTÚRY MESTA
- Kapitola bez zmeny
J. KONCEPCIA TECHNICKÉHO VYBAVENIA
J.1 VODNÉ HOSPODÁRSTVO
- Kapitola bez zmeny
J.2 ZÁSOBOVANIE ENERGIAMI
- Kapitola bez zmeny
K. REGULATÍVY ÚZEMNÉHO ROZVOJA
K.1.2 REGULATÍVY HMOTOVO-PRIESTOROVEJ ŠTRUKTÚRY
- doplnenie nového riadku (regulačného bloku) do tabuľky regulatívov územného rozvoja na konci kapitoly v znení:
| Poradové číslo bloku | Kód funkčného využitia | Podlažnosť | Index zastavanosti % | Podiel zelene % |
|----------------------|------------------------|-------------|----------------------|----------------|
| 9.012 | POS | 2.0 | 25 | 35 |
POS - polyfunkčné plochy obchodu a služieb
K.2 LIMITY VYUŽITIA ÚZEMIA
- Kapitola bez zmeny
K.3 POŽIADAVKY VYPLÝVAJÚCE NAJMÄ ZO ZÁJUMOV OBRANY ŠTÁTU, POŽIARNEJ OCHRANY, OCHRANY PRED POVODŇAMI, CIVILNEJ OCHRANY OBYVATEĽSTVA
- Kapitola bez zmeny
K.4 POŽIADAVKY NA RIEŠENIE VYMEDZENÝCH ČASTÍ ÚZEMIA OBCE, KTORÉ JE POTREBNÉ RIEŠIŤ ÚZEMNÝM PLÁNOM ZÓNY
- Kapitola bez zmeny
K.5 PLOCHY NA VEREJNOPROSPEŠNÉ STAVBY, NA ASANÁCIU A NA CHRÁNENÉ ČASTI KRAJINY
- Kapitola bez zmeny
L. ZÁVÁZNÁ ČASŤ ÚZEMNÉHO PLÁNU MESTA MYJAVA
ZÁVÄZNÉ ČASTI VYPLÝVAJÚCE Z NADRADENEJ DOKUMENTÁCIE
Záväzné časti vyplývajúce z ÚPN VÚC Trenčianskeho kraja
- náhrada kapitoly na nasledujúce znenie:
Územný plán veľkého územia celku Trenčianskeho kraja v znení zmien a doplnkov vychádza z Koncepcie územného rozvoja Slovenska v aktuálnom a platnom znení a pre Územný plán mesta Myjava predstavuje nadradenú územnoplánovaciu dokumentáciu regiónu.
Základné zásady usporiadania územia a limity jeho využívania určené v záväzných regulatívach funkčného a priestorového usporiadania územia sú záväznou časťou územného plánu veľkého územia celku Trenčiansky kraj v znení Zmien a doplnkov a v súlade so Stavebným zákonom v aktuálnom a platnom znení a sú záväzné pre spracovanie územných plánov obcí na území Trenčianskeho kraja.
Záväzné regulatívy územného rozvoja vyplývajúce z územného plánu regiónu boli vyhlásené nariadením vlády SR č. 149/1998 Z.z. v apríli roku 1998, ktorým bola vyhlásená Záväzná časť Územného plánu veľkého územia celku Trenčianskeho kraja (ďalej aj ako ÚPN VÚC TRENČIANSKEHO KRAJA). ÚPN VÚC TRENČIANSKEHO KRAJA ako nadradená územnoplánovacia dokumentácia regiónu bola aktualizovaná v podobe Zmien a doplnkov č. 1 a Zmien a doplnkov č. 2.
Trenčiansky samosprávny kraj v Trenčíne schválil "Zmeny a doplnky č. 1 ÚPN VÚC Trenčianskeho kraja" v Zastupiteľstve TSK uznesením č. 259/2004 zo dňa 23.6.2004. Všeobecne záväzné nariadenie TSK č.7/2004, ktorým sa vyhlásili "Zmeny a doplnky záväznej časti ÚPN VÚC Trenčianskeho kraja", uverejnenej v Zbierke zákonov SR č. 149/1998 Z.z., bolo schválené Zastupiteľstvom TSK uznesením č.260/2004 dňa 23.6.2004 a nadobudlo účinnosť dňom 1.8.2004.
Zmeny a doplnky č.2 Územného plánu veľkého územia celku Trenčianskeho kraja, boli schválené v Zastupiteľstve Trenčianskeho samosprávneho kraja dňa 26.10.2011, uznesením číslo 297/2011 a ich záväzná časť bola vyhlásená Všeobecne záväzným nariadením (VZN) číslo 8/2011. VZN nadobudlo právoplatnosť 25.11.2011.
Záväzné regulatívy územného rozvoja vyplývajúce z územného plánu regiónu sú pre spracovanie Územného plánu mesta Myjava stanovené nasledovne:
1.1 Záväzné regulatívne územného rozvoja
- úprava, doplnenie a prečíslovanie záväzných regulatívov územného rozvoja na nasledujúce znenie:
1. V oblasti usporiadania územia, osídlenia a rozvoja sídelnej štruktúry
1.2. Tažiská osídlenia jednotlivých úrovní formovať ako priestorovo-plošné sídelné systémy, ktoré sú tvorené sieťou vzájomných vzťahov jednotlivých hierarchických úrovní centier osídlenia, príslušných obcí a vidieckeho priestoru.
1.2 Formovať tažiská osídlenia Trenčianskeho kraja na všetkých úrovniach prostredníctvom regulácie formovania funkčnej a priestorovej štruktúry jednotlivých hierarchických úrovní centier osídlenia a príslušných vidieckych sídiel a priestorov, podielajúcich sa na vzájomných sídelných väzbách v rámci daného tažiska osídlenia, uplatňujúc princípy dekoncentrované koncentrácie,
1.3 Podporovať tažiská osídlenia kraja v súlade s ich hierarchickým postavením v sídelnom systéme Slovenskej republiky:
1.3.4. podporovať ako tažiská osídlenia tretej úrovně druhej skupiny myjavské tažisko osídlenia.
1.4 Podporovať budovanie rozvojových osí v záujme tvorby vyváženej hierarchizovanej sídelnej štruktúry.
Podporovať ako rozvojové osi tretieho stupňa:
1.4.5. myjavskú rozvojovú os: Senica – Myjava – Stará Turá – Nové Mesto nad Váhom.
1.5-7 Podporovať rozvoj centier tretej skupiny, a to prvej podskupiny ako centier regionálneho až nadregionálneho významu: Bánovce nad Bebravou, …… Myjava, …. Podporovať rozvoj týchto zariadení, správ okresného významu
1.57.1. stredných škôl s maturitou
1.57.2. špecifických škôl
1.57.3. inštitútov vzdelávania dospelých
1.57.4. zdravotníctva a sociálneho zabezpečenia
1.57.5. kultúrnych zariadení okresného (regionálneho) a nadregionálneho významu
1.57.6. nákupných a obchodných stredísk
1.57.7. voľného času a rekreácie s dostatočnými plochami zelene
1.57.8. priemyslu.
1.810. Podporovať rozvoj vidieckeho osídlenia aj mimo priestorov tažisk osídlenia s cieľom vytvoriť rovnocenné životné podmienky pre všetkých obyvateľov so zachovaním špecifických druhov osídlenia,
1.810.1. Podporovať vzťah urbánnych a ruralných území v novom partnerstve založenom na integrácii funkčných vzťahov mesta a vidieka a kultúrno-historických a urbanisticko-architektonických daností
1.810.2. Zachovať pôvodný špecifický ráz vidieckeho priestoru, vychádzať z pôvodného charakteru zástavby a historicky utvorenéj okolitej krajiny; zachovať historicky utváraný typ zástavby obcí (kopaničiarsky v podhorí Malých a Bielych Karpát, Myjavskej pahorkatiny, poľnohospodársky v nivě Váhu a Nitry, vinohradnický v oblasti Nového Mesta nad Váhom) a zohľadňovať národopisné špecifiká jednotlivých regiónov.(slovenský, moravsko-slovácky, nemecký)
1.810.3. Pri rozvoji vidieckych oblastí zohľadňovať ich špecifické prírodné a krajinné prostredie a pri rozvoji jednotlivých činností dbať na zameďenie, resp. obmedzenie možných negatívnych dôsledkov týchto činností na krajinné a životné prostredie vidieckeho priestoru
1.810.4 vytvárať podmienky dobrej dostupnosti vidieckych priestorov k sídelným centrám, podporovať výstavbu verejného dopravného a technického vybavenia obcí, moderných informačných technológií tak, aby vidiecke priestory vytvárali kultúrne a pracoviskovo rovnocenné prostredie voči urbánnym priestorom a dosiahnuť tak skĺbenie tradičného vidieckeho prostredia s požiadavkami na moderný spôsob života.
1.810.5 vytvárať optimálnejšie správne celky zlučovaním obcí na geografický podobných základoch a princípoch ako predpokladu efektívnejšieho rozvoja v súčasnosti rozdrobeného územia vidieka.
1.911 zachovať pri novej výstavbe a ďalšom rozvoji územia jestvujúce vojenské objekty a zariadenia a rešpektovať ich ochranné pásma poskytovať pri majetkovom prevode určitého jestvujúceho vojenského objektu po dohode s Ministerstvom obrany Slovenskej republiky rovnocennú náhradu prerokovať jednotlivé stupne ďalšej projektovej dokumentácie staveb s Ministerstvom obrany Slovenskej republiky.
2. V oblasti rekreácie a cestovného ruchu
2.1 Podporovať predovšetkým rozvoj tých form rekreácie a cestovného ruchu, ktoré majú medzinárodný význam. Sú to: kúpeľníctvo, rekreácia pre pobyt pri vodných plochách, vodná turistika (na Váhu), cykloturistika, poľovníctvo, poznávací kultúrny turizmus (návšteva pamätníhodností, podujatí), kongresový cestovný ruch a výstavníctvo, tranzitný cestovný ruch. Podporovať nenáročné formy cestovného ruchu (agroturistika, vidiecky turizmus) hlavne v kopaničiarskych oblastiach s malým dopadom na životné prostredie.
2.23 usmerňovať rozvoj rekreácie a cestovného ruchu do vhodných obcí a rekreačných lokalít v okrese:
2.23.3 Myjava: Brezová pod Bradlom, Stará Myjava a Brezová pod Bradlom - vodná nádrž Brezová Krajné – miestna časť Matejovec – vodná nádrž
2.34 skvalitňovať a vytvárať podmienky pre rozvoj vidieckeho cestovného ruchu a agroturistiky predovšetkým v sídlach s perspektívou rozvoja týchto progresívnych aktivít; podporovať združenia a zoskupenia obcí s takýmto zameraním na území kraja,
2.45 usmerňovať rozvoj individuálnej rekreácie do vhodných sídiel na chalupársku rekreáciu,
2.56 zabezpečiť podmienky na krátkodobú rekreáciu obyvateľov okresných a väčších miest v ich záujmovom území, hlavne v priestoroch s funkciou prímestských rekreačných zón,
2.78. pri realizácii všetkých rozvojových zámerov rekreácie a cestovného ruchu na území kraja:
2.78.1. sústavne zvyšovať kvalitatívny štandard nových, alebo rekonštruovaných objektov a služieb cestovného ruchu,
2.7.2. postupne vytvárať komplexný systém objektov a služieb pre turistov na diaľnicnej a ostatnej cestnej sieti medzinárodného a regionálneho významu,
2.7.3. pri výstavbe a dostavbe stredísk rekreácie a turizmu využívať najnovšie technické a technologické prvky a zariadenia,
2.7.4. všetky významné centrá rekreácie a turizmu postupne vybaviť komplexným vzájomne prepojeným informačno-rezervačným systémom pre turistov s možnosťou jeho zapojenia do medzinárodných informačných systémov,
2.11 Dodržiavať na území osobitne chránených krajinných oblastí a NATURA 2000 únosný pomer funkcie ochrany prírody s funkciami spojenými s rekreáciou a cestovným ruchom.
2.12 Na celom území Trenčianskeho kraja podporovať a usmerňovať využitie územia pre rozvoj rekreácie a cestovného ruchu v súlade s rešpektovaním prírodných hodnôt územia.
3. V oblasti sociálnej infraštruktúry
3.1. riešiť rozvoj zdravotníckych zariadení v súlade s koncepciou Ministerstva zdravotníctva SR „Perspektívna sieť lôžkových zdravotníckych zariadení v SR“
3.1 Školstvo
3.1.1 rozvíjať školstvo na všetkých stupňoch a zabezpečiť územnotechnické podmienky,
3.1.3 optimalizovať sieť škôl a školských zariadení, rovnomernejšie pokrýv územie kraja zariadeniami stredného školstva a podľa potreby trhu práce aktuálne reprofilovať študijné odbory,
3.2 Zdravotníctvo
3.2.1 rozvíjať zdravotnú starostlivosť vo všetkých formách jej poskytovania – ambulantnej, ústavnej a lekárnej v súlade so schválenou verejnou minimálnou sieťou poskytovateľov zdravotnej starostlivosti,
3.2.2 vytvárať podmienky pre rovnocennú prístupnosť a primeranú dostupnosť obyvateľov jednotlivých oblastí kraja k nemocničným zariadeniam a službám,
3.3 Sociálna starostlivosť
3.3.1 rekonštruovať a obnovovať budovy a zariadenia sociálnej starostlivosti a komplexne modernizovať infraštruktúru v existujúcich zariadeniach sociálnych služieb, zvyšovať štandardy, optimalizovať kapacity a vytvárať podmienky na zlepšenie kvality poskytovania sociálnej starostlivosti a služieb pre obyvateľov poproduktívneho veku, takisto pre sociálne marginalizované skupiny obyvateľstva a detí,
3.3.2 zabezpečiť rozvoj programu sociálnej starostlivosti a jeho realizáciu pre rôzne vekové, zdravotné a sociálne skupiny občanov a dobudovať sieť sociálnej starostlivosti tak, aby územie Trenčianskeho kraja bolo v tejto oblasti sebestačné a aby sa vytvorila sieť kvalitných, dostupných, ekonomicky efektívnych a flexibilných sociálnych služieb,
3.3.3 vytvárať podmienky pre nové, nedostatkové či chýbajúce formy sociálnych služieb,
3.3.4 očakávať nárast podielu obyvateľov v poproduktívnom veku v súvislosti s predpokladaným demografickým vývojom a zabezpečiť primerané nároky na ubytovacie zariadenia pre prestarnutých obyvateľov (domovy dôchodcov a domovy – penzióny pre dôchodcov) a služby,
3.3.5 podporovať transformáciu niektorých zariadení sociálnej starostlivosti na integrované komunitné a menšie centrá sociálnych služieb pre jednotlivé skupiny obyvateľstva ako aj prechod z veľkokapacitných na malokapacitné, multifunkčné zariadenia.
4. V oblasti usporiadania územia z hľadiska kultúrno-historického dedičstva
4.1. rešpektovať kultúrno-historické dedičstvo, predovšetkým vyhlásené kultúrne pamiatky, vyhlásené urbanistické súbory (mestské pamiatkové rezervácie, pamiatkové zóny a ich ochranné pásma) a súbory navrhované na vyhlásenie a historické krajinné štruktúry (pamiatkovo chránené parky)
4.2. rešpektovať typickú formu a štruktúru osídlenia charakterizujúcu územie kraja (kopaničiarske osídlenie)
4.3. uplatňovať a rešpektovať typovú a funkčnú profiláciu jednotlivých mestských a videckých sídel
4.4. rešpektovať dominantné znaky typu krajinného prostredia,
4.5 Posudzovať pri rozvoji územia kraja význam a hodnoty jeho kultúrno – historických daností v nadväznosti na všetky zámery v sociálne ekonomickom rozvoji.
4.6 Zohľadňovať a revitalizovať v územnom rozvoji kraja:
4.6.2 územia historických jadier miest a obcí,
4.6.3 známe a predpokladané lokality archeologických nálezísk,
4.6.4 najvýznamnejšie národné kultúrne pamiatky, kultúrne pamiatky ich súbory a areály a ich ochranné pásma (najmä Trenčín - hrad, Beckov - hrad, Bojnice, Brezová pod Bradló – Mohyla na Bradle),
4.6.5 územia miest a obcí, kde je zachytený historický stavebný fond, ako aj časti rozptýleného osídlenia,
4.6.6 historicke technické diela.
5. V oblasti usporiadania územia z hľadiska ekológie, ochrany prírody a krajiny, ochrany poľnohospodárskeho a lesného pôdneho fondu
5.1. rešpektovať poľnohospodársky pôdný fond a lesný pôdný fond ako faktor limitujúci urbanistický rozvoj kraja, definovaný v záväznej časti územného plánu,
5.2. realizovať systémy správneho využívania poľnohospodárskych pôd a ich ochranu pred eróziou, zaburiením, nadmernou urbanizáciou, necitlivým riešením dopravné siete a pred všetkými druhmi odpadov,
5.3. pri obnovách lesných hospodárskych plánov potrebných k obhospodarovaniu lesov zohľadňovať požiadavky ochrany prírody,
5.4. v jednotlivých okresoch kraja neproduktívne a nevyužiteľné poľnohospodárské pozemky navrhnúť na zalesnenie,
5.5. podporovať riešenie eróznych problémov, ktoré je navrhované v rámci pozemkových úprav a projektov miestneho územného systému ekologickej stability, prostredníctvom remízok, protieróznych pásov a vetrolamov, v oblastiach Myjavskej pahorkatiny, Bielych Karpát, Malých Karpát, Strážovských vrchov, Beskýd, Javorníkov a Považského Inovca
5.7. obmedzovať reguláciu a melioráciu pozemkov v kontakte s chránenými územiami a mokraďami,
5.8. vytvárať podmienky pre zastavenie procesu znižovania biodiverzity v celom území kraja,
5.9. podporovať opatrenia na sanáciu rekultiváciu zosuvných a opustených tăžobných, poddolovaných území a začleniť ich do funkcie kajiny,
5.11. postupne riešiť problematiku budovania spevnených a nespevnených lesných ciest tak, aby nedochádzalo k erózii pôd na svahoch,
5.12. revitalizovať priestory so zmenenou krajinnou štruktúrou podľa osobitných revitalizačných programov,
5.15. uplatňovať opatrenia na zlepšenie stavu životného prostredia vyplývajúce zo schválených krajských a okresných environmentálnych akčných programov,
5.16 respektovať pri organizácii, využívaní a rozvoji územia význam a hodnoty jeho prírodných daností a najmä v osobitne chránených územiach (územiach európskeho významu, chránených vtáčích územiach a pod.); prvok územného systému ekologickej stability; NECONET, biotopoch osobitne chránených a ohrozených druhov bioty využívanie územia zosúladit s funkciou ochrany prírody a krajiny zvlášť
5.16 Rešpektovať pri organizácii, využívaní a rozvoji územia význam a hodnoty jeho prírodných daností a najmä v osobitne chránených územiach (v zmysle územnej
ochrany, sústavy NATURA 2000 a pod.), biotopov európskeho a národného významu, prvokov územného systému ekologickej stability, NECONET, zvlášť biotopoch osobitne chránených a ohrozených druhov bioty, mokradí a voľne žijúcich živočíchov. Využívanie územia zosúladiť s funkciou ochrany prírody a krajiny.
5.17 podporovať alternatívne poľnohospodárstvo v chránených územiach podľa zákona o ochrane prírody a krajiny, v pásmach hygienickej ochrany
5.18 v miestach s intenzívnou veternovou a vodnou eróziou zabezpečiť protieróznu ochranu pôdy prevážne v oblastiach Myjavskej pahorkatiny, Bielych Karpát, Malých Karpát, Strážovských vrchov, Považského Inovca, Tribeča, Vtáčnika, Javorníkov.
5.19 odstrániť skládky odpadov lokalizované v chránených územiach prírody
5.21 revitalizovať toky upravené na kanálový typ, kompletovať sprievodnú vegetáciu výsadbou pásu domácich druhov drevín a krovín pozdĺž tokov zvýšením podielu trávnych porastov na plochách okolitých mikrodepresií, čím vzniknú podmienky na realizáciu navrhovaných biokoridorov pozdĺž tokov
5.22 venovať pozornosť revitalizácii jestvujúcich potokov a prinávrateniu funkcie čiastočne likvidovaným resp. nevhodne upraveným tokom na riešenom území - zvlášť mimo zastavané územie obcí (zapojenie pôvodných ramien, važín, prírodných úprav brehov a pod. - napr. Dudváh, Biely potok, apod.), vysadiť lesy v nivách riek na plochách náchylných na eróziu, chrániť mokrade, spomaliti odtok vôd v upravených korytách
6. V oblasti usporiadania územia z hládiska hospodárskeho rozvoja
6.1. vytvárať podmienky pre zlepšenie výkonnosti a efektívnosti hospodárstva a harmonicky využívať celé územie kraja,
6.2. nové podniky lokalizovať predovšetkým do disponibilných ploch v intraviláne obcí v existujúcich hospodárskych areáloch, prípadne uvažovať s možným využitím uvolnených areálov poľnohospodárskych dvorov,
6.3. podporovať budovanie priemyselných parkov celoštátneho významu v nasledovných lokalitách:
... 6.3.54. Myjava - Javorinská
7. V oblasti rozvoja nadradenej dopravnej infraštruktúry
7.1. Cestná infraštruktúra
7.1.1 Respektovať lokalizáciu existujúcej cestnej infraštruktúry a vypĺňajúce obmedzenia v ochranných pásmach.
7.1.9. Zabezpečiť územnú rezervu - koridor pre cestu II/499 (regionálneho významu) v kategórii C 9,5/70-60, v trase a úseku:
• západný obchvat Myjava,
• obchvat Brezová pod Bradlom
7.1.10. Homogenizovať existujúcu trasu cesty II/499 (regionálneho významu) v kategórii C 9,5/70-60.
7.1.26. Zabezpečiť územnú rezervu - koridor pre cestu II/581(s podporou jej nadregionálnej funkcie v rámci cestného ťahu št. hranica SR/Rakúsko - Moravský Svätý Ján - Senica - Myjava - Nové Mesto nad Váhom) v kategórii C 9,5/70-60, v trase a úseku:
• obchvat Myjava,
7.1.27. Homogenizovať existujúcu trasu cesty II/581 v kategórii C 9,5/70-60.
7.2. Infraštruktúra železničnej dopravy
7.2.2 Respektovať lokalizáciu existujúcej železničnej infraštruktúry a jej ochranné pásma.
7.6. Hromadná doprava
vybudovať integrovaný dopravný systém pre koordináciu tarifných prepravných podmienok a budovanie vhodných druhov doprav
7.6.1 V návrhovom období, v aglomeráciách Stredného Považia a Hornej Nitry, vybudovať integrované systémy hromadnej prepravy osôb s koordinovanou tarifnou politikou.
7.7. Infraštruktúra cyklistickej dopravy
7.7.2 Vytvoriť územné podmienky k prepojeniu cyklomagistráli a pripojeniu regionálnych cyklotrás na Považskú cyklomagistrálu:
• Nové Mesto nad Váhom - Myjava - Vrbovce hranica SR/ČR,
8. V oblasti nadradenej technickej infraštruktúry
8.1. Energetika
8.1.1 respektovať jestvujúce koridory pre nadradený plynovod a veľmi vysoké napätie
8.1.9 Vytvárať príaznivé podmienky a podporovať intenzívnejšie využívanie obnoviteľných a druhotných zdrojov energie ako lokálnych doplnkových zdrojov v systémovej energetike s vylúčením negatívneho dopadu na charakter krajiny.
8.1.10 chrániť koridor pre výstavbu magistrálného severojužného plynovodu riešeným územím;
8.1.150 vytvárať podmienky pre postupnú plynofikáciu obcí kraja
8.1.13 v podhorských obciach kraja presadzovať a podporovať využitie miestnych energetickejch zdrojov (biomasa, geotermálna a solárna energia, malé vodné elektrárne, a pod.) pre potreby obyvateľstva a služieb
8.1.17 vytvárať príaznivé podmienky pre intenzívnejšie využívanie obnoviteľných a druhotných zdrojov energie ako lokálnych doplnkových zdrojov s systémovej energetike (hlavne v podhorských oblastiach Bielych Karpát, Malých Karpát, ...
8.2. Vodné hospodárstvo
8.2.1 Respektovať pásmo hygienickej ochrany vodných zdrojov …
8.2.3 Na úseku zásobovania pitnou vodou prednostne zabezpečiť výstavbu týchto staveb: verejných vodovodov:
b) Myjava – Fajnory, rozšírenie vodného zdroja:
u) výstavba vodojemov pre zabezpečenie dostatočnej akumulácie vo vzťahu k priemernej dennnej potrebe zásobovanych obcí;
v) v rámci nadregionálnych územných väzieb:
– prívod vody zo Žitného ostrova pre skupinový vodovod Nové Mesto nad Váhom a Myjava v trase Trnava-Čachtice
V okrese Myjava:
k) Dobudovať prívod vody pre Vrbovce zo skupinového vodovodu Myjava,
l) Vybudovať prívod vody zo skupinového vodovodu Senica pre Chvojnicu, resp. na základe hydrogeologickejho prieskumu z miestnych vodných zdrojov,
m) Prepojiť skupinové vodovodov Jalšie – Martiška – Doliny – Vlčia dolina a tým zabezpečiť zásobovanie pitnou vodou z verejných vodovodov v celom katastrálnom území obce Krajné a spádových obcí.
8.2.4 Na úseku verejných kanalizácií:
v súlade s Plánom rozvoja verejných vodovodov a verejných kanalizácií pre územia Slovenskej republiky a Koncepciou vodohospodárskej politiky Slovenskej republiky:
8.2.5 —prednostne zabezpečiť realizáciu staveb:
1) z hladiska čistenia odpadových vôd v súlade s NV SR č. 491/2002 Z.z.;
b) rekonštrukcia ČOV Myjava s terciálnym čistením odpadových vôd;
2) rekonštrukcie kanalizácií z dôvodu vysokého podielu balastných vôd v obciach: Myjava, ...
8.2.9 —zabezpečiť ochranu inundačného územia, v ktorom:
a) nepripustiť výstavbu a iné nevhodné činnosti
d) vytvárať podmienky pre prirodzené meandrovanie povrchových tokov
e) vytvárať podmienky pre spomaľovanie odtoku povrchových vôd z predmetného územia
8.2.12 —Protipovodňová ochrana
a) zabezpečiť likvidáciu povodňových škôd z predchádzajúcich rokov,
b) vytvárať územné podmienky a budovať potrebné protipovodňové opatrenia s dórazom na ochranu intravilánov miest a obcí,
c) komplexne riešiť odtokové pomery v povodiach s dórazom na spomalenie odvedenia povrchových vôd z územia, v súlade s ekologickými limitmi využívania územia a ochrany prírody,
d) realizovať „polder Malejov“ v okrese Myjava
a) zabezpečiť zodpovedajúcu úroveň odvádzania a čistenia omunálnych odpadových vôd s odstraňovaním nutrientov z aglomerácií s produkciou organického znečistenia väčšou ako 10 000 EO v súlade s plánom rozvoja verejných kanalizácií,
b) zabezpečiť zodpovedajúcu úroveň odvádzania a sekundárneho (biologického) čistenia komunálnych odpadových vôd z aglomerácií s produkciou organického znečistenia od 2 000 EO do 10 000 EO,
c) ak je v aglomeráciách s veľkosťou pod 2 000 EO vybudovaná stoková sieť, zabezpečiť primeranú úroveň čistenia komunálnych alebo splaškových odpadových vôd tak, aby bola zabezpečená požadovaná miera ochrany recipienta; opatrenia realizovať priebežne v súlade s plánom rozvoja verejných kanalizácií,
k) zabezpečiť výstavbu kanalizačných systémov a rekonštrukcií ČOV v aglomeráciách nad 10 000 ekvivalentných obyvateľov:
3. Aglomerácia Myjava,
8.2.5 Na úseku odtokových pomerov povodí: v súlade s požiadavkami ochrany prírody a odporúčaniami Rámovej smernice o vodách
a) vykonávať na upravených tokoch údržbu za účelom udržiavania vybudovaných kapacít,
b) zlepšovať vodohospodárske pomery na malých vodných tokoch a v povodí zásahmi smerujúcimi k stabilizácii pomerov v extrémnych situáciách tak povodňových, ako aj v období sucha,
c) zabezpečiť na neupravených úsekoch tokov predovšetkým ochranu intravilánov miest a obcí, nadviazne komplexne riešiť odtokové pomery na tokoch v súlade s rozvojovými programami a koncepciou rozvoja,
d) zabezpečovať preventívne protierózne opatrenia najmä v svahovitých častiach povodí Chvojnice a Myjava, dbať na dodržiavanie správnych agrotechnických postupov, výsadbu a
udržiavanie ochranných vegetačných pásov v blízkosti poľnohospodárskych ploch a zriadenie vsakovacích ploch,
f) vytvoriť podmienky pre včasnú pripravu a realizáciu protipovodňových opatrení,
g) zabezpečiť ochranu inundačných území tokov a zamedziť v nich výstavbu a iné nevhodné činnosti
8.2.7 V oblasti protipovodňovej ochrany
Realizovať stavby spojené s protipovodňovými opatreniami v čiastkových povodiac Váhu, Nitry a Myjavy na ochranu intravilánov miest a obcí v súlade s Programom protipovodňovej ochrany SR a ďalších tokov v čiastkových povodiac Váhu, Nitry a Myjavy v súlade s investičným rozvojovým programom Slovenského vodohospodárskeho podniku a koncepciou vodného hospodárstva,
9.1 V oblasti odpadového hospodárstva
9.1—zabezpečiť riešenie odpadového hospodárstva v súlade so schváleným Programom odpadového hospodárstva Trenčianskeho kraja do roku 2005;
9.2—riadiť odpadové hospodárstvo v zmysle znížovania negatívnych vplyvov na životné prostredie zo starých skládok odpadov a ďalších environmentálnych zátazí;
9.3—zvýšiť materiálové zhodnocovanie odpadov na 67 %;
9.4—zvýšiť energetické zhodnocovanie odpadov;
9.5—neprekročiť 1 %-ný podiel zneškodňovania odpadov spálením;
9.6—zvýšiť spálenie nebezpečných odpadov;
9.7—neprekročiť 25 %-ný podiel zneškodňovania odpadov skládkovaním;
9.8—dosiahnuť 20 %-ný podiel materiálového zhodnocovania komunálnych odpadov;
9.9—dosiahnuť 75 %-ný podiel zneškodňovania komunálnych odpadov skládkovaním;
9.10—dosiahnuť 5 %-ný podiel iného nakladania komunálnych odpadov.
9.11—dosiahnuť 15 %-ný podiel kompostovania komunálnych biologicky rozložiteľných odpadov.
9.12—znížiť množstvo biologicky rozložiteľných zložiek komunálneho odpadu zneškodňovaných skládkovaním o 30 % oproti roku 2000;
9.13—zapojiť do systému separovaného zberu 70 % obyvateľov.
9.14—zvýšiť množstvo separovaného odpadu na cca 40 kg na obyvateľa.
9.15—riešiť skládkovanie odpadov na existujúcich a navrhovaných velkokapacitných regionálnych skládkach
9.1.1 Riešiť zneškodňovanie odpadov na území kraja v súlade so schváleným Programom odpadového hospodárstva SR, pričom v jeho v intenciách rozpracovať Program odpadového hospodárstva Trenčianskeho kraja. Usmerňovať odpadové hospodárstvo v zmysle znížovania negatívnych vplyvov na životné prostredie zo starých skládok odpadov a ďalších environmentálnych zátazí;
9.1.2 Riešiť budovanie zberných stredísk na vyseparované zložky z komunálneho odpadu v mestách a obciach kraja a budovanie kompostárni v súlade s právnymi predpismi EÚ.
9.1.3 Riešiť vybudovanie nových etáp existujúcich skládok odpadov v súlade s právnymi predpismi.
9.1.4 Podporovať vo všetkých oblastiach vzniku odpadov separovaný zber pre rozvoj recyklikácie materiálov zo zhodnotiteľských odpadov.
9.1.5 Celoplošne rozšíriť separovaný zber odpadov s čo najväčším počtom separovaných zložiek (papier, sklo, plasty, kovy a BRO).
9.1.6 Zvyšovať množstvo biologicky rozložiteľného odpadu (zo všetkých zdrojov) zhodnocovaného aeróbnym alebo anaeróbnym spôsobom (kompostovaním, resp. spracovaním na bioplyn).
9.1.7 Uprednostniť spaľovanie energeticky využiteľných odpadov pred skládkovaním, a to len v prípade, že nie je možné tieto odpady materiálovo zhodnotiť.
9.1.8 Povolovať nové zariadenia na spaľovanie odpadov za podmienky energetického využitia a zároveň tieto odpady nie je možné materiálovo zhodnotiť.
9.1.9 Zabezpečiť zneškodňovanie nebezpečných odpadov z priemyslu a zdravotníctva určených na spaľovanie na vyhovujúcich zariadeniach splňajúcich stanovené emisné limity.
9.1.10 Minimalizovať množstvo kalov z ČOV ukladaných na skládky.
9.1.11 Riešiť skládkovanie odpadov na existujúcich a navrhovaných veľkokapacitných regionálnych skládkach s vyhovujúcimi technickými podmienkami a v územiah vhodných pre umiestňovanie skládok odpadov a v ktorých sa prirodzene zabezpečuje minimalizácia rizík ohrozenia zdravia obyvateľov a znečistenia zložiek životného prostredia (najmä zásob a kvality podzemných vôd):
d) skládka Kostolné - Hrašné v k. ú. Kosotlné v okrese Myjava,
1.2 Verejnoprospešné stavby
Verejnoprospešné stavby v oblasti vodného hospodárstva
1. Oblast zásobovania pitnou vodou
——Myjava – Fajnory, rozšírenie vodného zdroja
1.11 Prívod vody pre Vrbovce zo skupinového vodovodu Myjava,
2. Oblast odvádzania a čistenia odpadových vôd
Verejné kanalizácie v jednotlivých aglomeráciách
2.2. rekonštrukcia ČOV Myjava s terciálnym čistením odpadových vôd
2.11. rekonštrukcia kanalizácie v obciach: Myjava...
2.23. realizácia „poldra Malejov“ v okrese Myjava
4. Aglomerácia Myjava,
F. ZÁSADY A REGULATÍVY STAROSTLIVosti O ŽIVOTNÉ PROSTREDIE
- doplnenie nových bodov na koniec kapitoly v nasledujúcom znení:
❑ Alokovať priestorový rozvoj regulačného bloku 9.012 (Lokalita č. 2 ZaD č. 1/2013) s funkčným využitím „POS – Polyfunkčné plochy obchodu a služieb“ výhradne na parcelu registra „C“ s číslom 4416/1.
❑ Navrhnúť v regulačnom bloku 9.012 (Lokalita č. 2 ZaD č. 1/2013) s funkčným využitím „POS – Polyfunkčné plochy obchodu a služieb“ minimálne 20 metrový pás drevinovej výsadby oddelujúci plochu výstavby od prírodného porastu jelšového lesa. Táto vysadba musí zodpovedať svojou druhovou skladbou geograficky a stanovište pôvodným druhom.
❑ Rešpektovať ustanovenia Zákona č. 364/2004 Z. z. (Vodný zákon) od brehovej čiary Dingovho potoka, pričom brehovú čiaru je pri realizácii objektov v kontaktných regulačných blokoch potrebné určiť zameraním v teréne.
❑ Budovať v regulačnom bloku 1.008 (Lokalita č. 1 ZaD č. 1/2013) s funkčným využitím „BZ – Plochy bývania - rodinné domy so zmiešanou funkciou“ v smere od komunikácie plný plot do výšky minimálne 1,6 m. Stavby zároveň riešiť ako prízemný objekt alebo okná pobytových miestností na poschodí či v obytnom podkroví orientovať smerom od cesty.
G. VYMEDZENIE ZASTAVANÉHO ÚZEMIA
- doplnenie nových odstavov na koniec kapitoly v nasledujúcom znení:
Rozšíriť zastavané územie v lokalite Kamenné tak, ako je to vyznačené na priesvitkovej náložke v grafickej časti dokumentácie vo výkrese č. 5/1 - ZD1/2013 „Návrh regulatívov funkčného a priestorového usporiadania“.
Rozšíriť zastavané územie v lokalite Dolný Pasienok tak, ako je to vyznačené na priesvitkovej náložke v grafickej časti dokumentácie vo výkrese č. 5/2 - ZD1/2013 „Návrh regulatívov funkčného a priestorového usporiadania“.
PRÍLOHY
Príloha č. 1
Vyhodnotenie záberov PPF a LPF
1 VYHODNOTENIE PREDPOKLADANÉHO ODŇATIA POĽNOHOSPODÁRSKEJ PÔDY POĽNOHOSPODÁRSKEJ VÝROBE
- Doplnenie novej podkapitoly na konci kapitoly v znení:
1.6. VYHODNOTENIE PERSPEKTÍVNEHO POUŽITIA POĽNOHOSPODÁRSKÝCH PÔD A LESNÝCH PÔD NA NEPOĽNOHOSPODÁRSKE ÚČELY V RÁMCI ZMIEN A DOPLINKOV Č. 1/2013 ÚZEMNÉHO PLÁNU MESTA MYJAVA
Návrh Zmien a doplnkov č. 1/2013 Územného plánu mesta Myjava (ďalej aj ako ZaD č. 1/2013) je riešený v dvoch územe nie segregovaných lokalitách. Návrh ZaD č. 1/2013 je riešený invariantne.
Návrh Lokality č. 1 je v rámci ZaD č. 1/2013 riešený pre funkciu bývania vo forme rodinných domov so zmiešanou funkcii, ktorá je charakteristická aj podielom nebytových funkcii a tradičným hospodárskym zázemím. Návrh zohľadňuje prírodné podmienky, súčasnú urbánnu štruktúru mesta, ako aj reflektuje disponibilitu územia v smere udržateľného rozvoja.
Návrh Lokality č. 2 je v rámci ZaD č. 1/2013 riešený pre funkciu polyfunkčných plôch obchodu a služieb.
K vyhodnoteniu perspektívneho použitia poľnohospodárskych pôd a lesných pôd na nepoľnohospodárske účely boli v rámci Zmien a doplnkov č. 1/2013 územného plánu mesta Myjava použité nasledovné vstupné podklady:
- Hranica zastavaného územia k 1.1.1990
- Zastavané územie evidované podľa katastra nehnuteľností
- Bonitované pôdno-ekologické jednotky so 7-miestnym číselným kódom (podklad Výskumný ústav pôdoznalectva a ochrany pôd - Bratislava),
- Zákon č. 57/2013 Z. z., ktorým sa mení a dopĺňa Zákon č. 220/2004 Z. z. o ochrane a využívaní poľnohospodárskej pôdy v znení neskorších predpisov a Nariadenie vlády SR k predmetnému zákonom č. 58/2013 Z. z. o odvodoch za odňatie a neoprávnený záber poľnohospodárskej pôdy, ktoré k rovnakému dátumu zrušuje Nariadenie vlády SR č. 376/2008 Z. z., ktorým sa ustanovuje výška odvodu a spôsob platenia odvodu za odňatie poľnohospodárskej pôdy.
- Zákon č. 220/2004 Z.z. o ochrane a využívaní poľnohospodárskej pôdy a o zmene zákona č. 245/2003 Z.z. o integrované prevencii a kontrole znečisťovania životného prostredia a v znení zmien a doplnkov niektorých zákonov,
- Nariadenie vlády Slovenkej republiky č. 58/2013 Z.z. o odvodoch za odňatie a neoprávnený záber poľnohospodárskej pôdy,
- Vyhláska ministerstva pôdohospodárstva Slovenskej republiky č. 508/2004 Z.z., ktorou sa vykonáva § 27 zákona č. 220/2004 Z.z.,
• Podkladové materiály o vybudovaných hydromelioračných zariadeniach podniku Hydromeliorácie, š. p.
Územné vymedzenie navrhovaných lokalít pre záber PPF je premietnuté na priesvitkových náložkách grafickej časti dokumentácie v nasledujúcich výkresoch, ktoré sú preložené na čistopis Územného plánu mesta Myjava zo septembra roku 2004 v znení neskorších zmien a doplnkov.
• Pre lokalitu č. 1 výkres č. 7/1 - ZD1/2013 - Vyhodnotenie záberov PPF a LPF
• Pre lokalitu č. 2 výkres č. 7/2 - ZD1/2013 - Vyhodnotenie záberov PPF a LPF
Pre vyhodnotenie PPF a LPF sú lokality záberov členená podľa jednotlivých druhov pozemkov, bonitovaných pôdno-ekologických jednotiek (BPEJ) a produkčnej kategórie pôd. Navrhované lokality pre ZaD č. 1/2013 sú situované mimo zastavaného územia.
V grafickej a tabuľkovej časti dokumentácie sú navrhované lokality charakterizované v nadväznosti na schválený čistopis územnoplánovacej dokumentácie v znení neskorších zmien a doplnkov s poradovým číslom 55 pre Lokalitu č.1 a s poradovým číslom 56 pre Lokalitu č.2.
**Charakteristika poľnohospodárskych pôd na lokalitách navrhnutých na odňatie**
| | Lokalita č. 1 (ÚPN č. 55) | Lokalita č. 2 (ÚPN č. 56) | SPOLU (ha) |
|--------------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------|-------------|
| **Trvalý záber celkom** | | | |
| z toho v zastavanom území| 0,0000 | 0,0000 | 0,0000 |
| mimo zastavané územie | 0,1688 | 2,5149 | 2,6837 |
| **Záber nepoľnohospodárskych pôd** | 0,0688 | 0,0000 | 0,0688 |
| **Záber poľnohospodárskych pôd** | 0,1000 | 2,5149 | 2,6149 |
| **Zo záberu poľnohospodárskej pôdy je** | | | |
| v zastavanom území | 0,0000 | 0,0000 | 0,0000 |
| mimo zastavané územie | 0,1688 | 2,5149 | 2,6837 |
Charakteristika poľnohospodárskych pôd na lokalitách navrhnutých na odňatie na základe BPEJ
| č. lokality | BPEJ | Pôdný typ | Skupina BPEJ | Poznámka |
|-------------|--------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 | 0771402| Kambizem pseudoglejová na svahových hlinách, stredne tažká až tažká | 7 | chránená poľnohospodárská pôda – najkvalitnejšia v k. ú. Myjava |
| | 0771413| Kambizem pseudoglejová na svahových hlinách, stredne tažká až tažká | 7 | chránená poľnohospodárská pôda – najkvalitnejšia v k. ú. Myjava |
| 2 | 0787443| Rendziny typické a rendziny kambizemné, stredne hlboké na vápencoch a dolomitoch, stredne tažké až tažké (veľmi tažké) | 7 | - |
| | 0790462| Rendziny typické, plytké, stredne tažké až tažké až fahké | 8 | - |
| | 0758872| Luvižeme pseudoglejové a pseudogleje, erodované na výrazných svahoch: 12 – 25 ° Stredne tažké, tažké | 9 | - |
Zdroj: Výskumný ústav pôdoznalectva a ochrany pôdy
Vyhodnotenie odňatia plôch z hládiska ochrany poľnohospodárskej pôdy v zmysle zákona 220/2004 Z.z. o ochrane a využívaní poľnohospodárskej pôdy v znení neskorších predpisov
| Typologicko produkčná kategória pôd | Kód BPEJ | Záber PP (ha) | Podiel celkovej výmery k zaberanej % |
|-------------------------------------|--------------|---------------|-------------------------------------|
| 7 | 0771402 | 1,4057 | 55,24 |
| | 0771413 | | |
| | 0787443 | | |
| 8 | 0790462 | 0,6600 | 25,94 |
| 9 | 0758872 | 0,4789 | 18,82 |
| Spolu | | 2,5446 | 100,00 % |
Pri poľnohospodárskych pôdach ide o trvalý záber mimo zastavaného územia mesta o výmere celkovo 2,6149 ha, pričom zvyšných 0,0688 ha pripadá na nepoľnohospodársku pôdu.
V rámci navrhovaných lokalít záberu sa jedná o zábery jestvujúcej ornej pôdy mimo zastavaného územia o výmere 2,5149 ha, ovocného sadu mimo zastavaného územia o výmere 0,1000 ha. Zvyšná plocha o výmere 0,0688 ha predstavuje zastavanú plochu, rovnako mimo zastavaného územia. V zmysle časového harmonogramu územnoplanovacej dokumentácie je lokalita zaradená do etapy „Návrh“.
Na území navrhovanej lokality sa nenachádza pôda s vykonanými hydromelioračnými opatreniami.
Pri realizácii zámeru je nutné nenarušovať a nestážovať obhospodarovanie poľnohospodárskej pôdy nevhodným situovaním stavieb, jej delením a drobením
alebo vytváraním častí nevhodných na obhospodarovanie poľnohospodárskymi mechanizmami. Je žiaduce vykonať skrývku humusového horizontu poľnohospodárskych pôd odnímaných natrvalo a zabezpečiť ich hospodárne a účelne využitie na základe bilancie skrývky humusového horizontu. Je potrebné vytvárať vhodné podmienky pre územnotechnické obhospodarovanie sadov.
**Odvody za odňatie poľnohospodárskej pôdy**
Výšku a spôsob platenia odvodu za odňatie poľnohospodárskej pôdy ustanovuje Nariadenie vlády Slovenskej republiky č. 58/2013 Z.z. podľa § 27a zákona č. 220/2004 Z.z. o ochrane a využívaní poľnohospodárskej pôdy a o zmene zákona č. 245/2003 Z.z. o integrovanej prevencii a kontrole znečisťovania životného prostredia a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov v znene zákona č. 219/2008 Z.z.
Poľnohospodárská pôda je zaradená podľa kódu bonitovanej pôdno-ekologickej jednotky do deviatich skupín BPEJ. Výška odvodu za odňatie poľnohospodárskej pôdy je ustanovená v prílohe č. 1 v Nariadení vlády Slovenskej republiky č. 58/2013 Z.z. podľa skupiny bonitovanej pôdno-ekologickej jednotky.
**Odvody za trvalé odňatie poľnohospodárskej pôdy podľa kódu bonitovaných pôdno-ekologických jednotiek.**
| Skupina kvality | Kód BPEJ | Výmera skupiny kvality (m²) | Základná sadzba odvodov za trvalé odňatie poľnohospodárskej pôdy (€/m²) | Odvod za trvalé odňatie poľnohospodárskej pôdy navrhnuté na nepoľnohospodárské účely (€) |
|-----------------|------------|-----------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 7 | 0771402 | 1 542 | 1 | 1 542 |
| 7 | 0771413 | 146 | 1 | 146 |
| 7 | 0787443 | 12 369 | 1 | 12 369 |
| 8 | 0790462 | 6 600 | 0,7 | 4 620 |
| 9 | 0758872 | 4 789 | 0,5 | 2 394,50 |
| **SPOLU** | | **25 446 m²** | | **21 071,50 €** |
Odvod za trvalé odňatie poľnohospodárskej pôdy navrhnutej na nepoľnohospodárské účely predstavuje v Lokalite č. 1 v rámci ZaD č. 1/20133 celkovo 1 688 €.
Odvod za trvalé odňatie poľnohospodárskej pôdy navrhnutej na nepoľnohospodárské účely predstavuje v Lokalite č. 2 v rámci ZaD č. 1/20133 celkovo 19 384,50 €.
**Celkové vyhodnotenie**
Celkové vyhodnotenie návrhu, resp. sumár perspektívneho použitia poľnohospodárskej a lesnej pôdy na nepoľnohospodárské účely reflektuje nasledujúca tabuľka.
| č. lokality | k. ú. | Funkčné využitie | Výmera lokality [ha] | Záber plôch z toho [ha] | Predpokladaná výmera poľnohospodárskej pôdy [ha] | Záber HM [ha] | Záber NP [ha] |
|-------------|-----------|------------------|----------------------|-------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|---------------|---------------|
| | | | | v zast. území | mimo zast.úz. | Spolu [ha] | DRP | BPEJ | Skupina BPEJ | v zast. území | mimo zast.úz. |
| Lokalita č. 1 (ÚPN č. 55) | Myjava | bývanie | 0,1688 | 0,0000 | 0,1688 | 0,0000 | 13 | 0771402 | 7 | 0,0000 | 0,0000 | 0,0688 |
| | | | | | | 0,0146 | 6 | 0771413 | 7 | 0,0000 | 0,0146 | |
| | | | | | | 0,0854 | 6 | 0771402 | 7 | 0,0000 | 0,0854 | |
| Lokalita č. 2 (ÚPN č. 56) | Myjava | obchod a služby | 2,5149 | 0,0000 | 2,5149 | 1,2369 | 2 | 0787443 | 7 | 0,0000 | 1,2369 | 0,0000 |
| | | | | | | 0,6600 | 2 | 0790462 | 8 | 0,0000 | 0,6600 | |
| | | | | | | 0,4789 | 2 | 0758872 | 9 | 0,0000 | 0,4789 | |
| Celkom | | | 2,6837 | 0 | 2,6837 | 2,4758 | - | - | - | 0 | 2,4758 | 0 | 0,0688 |
Poznámky:
ÚPN – územný plán mesta
k. ú. – katastrálne územie
DRP – druh pozemku podľa katastra nehnuteľností
BPEJ – bonitovaná pôdno-ekologická jednotka
NP – nepoľnohospodárska pôda
HM – hydromeliorácie | <urn:uuid:f8dccb59-080c-4211-a76e-8c1071bdc381> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/slk_Latn/train | finepdfs | slk_Latn | 86,638 |
COLORADO LT PRODUCT CARE
CHANGING THE DIRECTION OF RETRIEVE
1. Remove the spool (1) from the frame (2) by placing thumbs on the spool and firmly pushing away from the frame until it "pops" off.
3. For Left Hand Retrieve (LHR) place the clicker cover (4) back on the frame putting the set pin the the left hand hole (5). The pawl should be pointing to the left as viewed from the spindle-side of the frame.
2. Using a small phillips head screwdriver, gently loosen and remove the screw on the clicker cover (3) and lift the entire unit (4) from the frame.
4. For Right Hand Retrieve (RHR) place the clicker cover (4) back on the frame putting the set pin the right hand hole (6). The pawl should be pointing to the right as viewed from the spindle-side of the frame.
5. Replace the spool on the frame
NOTE - The Colorado LT is built with such a high tolerance between the frame spindle and the spool that the connection is actually air-tight. This creates a high-quality seal that prevents any intrusion by grit or water. As such, air can become trapped in the spool / spindle interface, creating greater than normal resistance. In order to avoid this, place the frame flat in the hand with the spindle facing up, and allow the spool to gradually drop towards the frame. It will fall slowly and "float" down as the air is slowly released. Once it has reached the bottom of the spindle, press the spool and frame together, and it will snap into place.
Place thumbs on spool and push away from the frame to release.
SPECIFICATIONS
Pawl pointing to Right: Right Hand Retrieve (RHR)
All capacity numbers are in yards. Line capacities are based on floating fly lines and 20# backing. All numbers are conservative, as capacities will vary according to specific length and diameters of alternative line manufacturers' products. Capacities will be reduced by approximately 20% if using #30 backing instead of #20 backing.
CLEANING
While the Colorado LT series is fully anodized to protect against corrosion and the elements, we recommend that you clean your reel after each use, especially after exposure to a salt or alkali environment. Use fresh water (distilled is preferred) to flush salt and debris from the drag system. For better cleaning results, separate the Spool (1) from the Frame (2), soak both in warm fresh water and then rinse in fresh running water. Let the Spool (1) and the Frame (2) completely dry before putting together and storing.
LUBRICATION IS NECESSARY
While the majority of Ross Reels require no lubrication, the Colorado LT does require a small amount of waterproof grease in the drag mechanism. This is done by releasing the clicker cover by using a small Phillips head screwdriver to remove the retaining screw (3), cleaning any old grease / lubricant present, and then and adding a small dab of new grease to the spring/clicker interface, as well as the teeth of the main gear.
MADE ON THE WATER
™ | <urn:uuid:70e24754-b773-4813-b361-2dea39e9b408> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 2,933 |
28 agosto - 2 settembre 2023
«Université d’été»
Valorizzazione della macroarea alpina italo-francese per un turismo sostenibile,
Riflessi culturali, sociali ed economici
Parco Naturale Alpi Marittime, Sant’Anna di Valdieri (CN), Casa Alpina
promossa dal
Laboratorio di Ricerca «Open Tourism»
Dipartimento di Lingue e Letterature Straniere e Culture Moderne
Università degli Studi di Torino
con il patrocinio di
Centro Internazionale di Studi sugli Insediamenti Medievali
con il sostegno di
Fondazione CRT
Programma
| Lunedì 28 agosto 2023 |
|----------------------|
| **Ore 10.00-12.00** | Arrivo degli studenti. Accoglienza e sistemazione presso Casa Alpina di Sant’Anna di Valdieri |
| **Ore 13.00-14.30** | Pranzo di benvenuto - buffet presso Casa Alpina |
| **Ore 14.30** | Inizio delle attivit- Saluti istituzionali di benvenuto Prof. Matteo Milani, Direttore del Dipartimento di Lingue e Letterature Straniere e Culture Moderne Prof.ssa Marcella Costa, Vice Rettrice Vicaria alla Didattica Internazionale UNITO e referente scientifico Progetto UNITA Prof.ssa Chiara Simonigh, Delegata del Rettore alla Comunicazione Internazionale UNITO Prof.ssa Laurence Roussillon-Constantny, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour - UPPA |
**Sessione 1. Beni culturali materiali e immateriali: tradizioni attualizzate per un’evoluzione turistica**
Moderatore Prof. Damiano Cortese
| **Ore 15.00-16.00** | Valorizzazione e consumo delle tradizioni nell’arco alpino occidentale Prof.ssa Laura Bonato |
| **Ore 16.00-17.00** | Patrimonio culturale e turismo con animali: problemi e sfide Prof.ssa Lia Zola |
| **Ore 17.00-18.00** | La montagna e il mercato: i prodotti della montagna verso la costa e la pianura Prof. Enrico Basso |
| **Ore 19.30** | Cena² |
| **Ore 21.00** | Visita serale all’Ecomuseo della Segale di Sant’Anna di Valdieri, a cura delle guide del Parco Naturale Alpi Marittime |
**Martedì 29 agosto 2023**
**Sessione 2. Insediamenti umani e villaggi abbandonati tra ieri e oggi: patrimoni da conservare in area montana**
Moderatori Prof. Enrico Lusso – Prof. Enrico Basso
| **Ore 8.00** | Colazione |
| **Ore 9.00-10.00** | Nuovi insediamenti e villaggi abbandonati nell’area alpina occidentale Prof. Francesco Panero |
| **Ore 10.30-13.00** | Visita guidata ai villaggi antichi della Valle. Percorso «Lo Viòl di tàit», a cura delle guide del Parco Naturale Alpi Marittime |
| **Ore 13.30** | Pranzo |
| **Ore 15.30-16.30** | La stagione dell’idroterapia. La Certosa di Pesio: stazione idroterapica e climatica montana dall’Ottocento al Novecento Prof. Paolo Gerbaldo |
| **Ore 16.30-17.30** | Il castello tra realtà e immaginario. Genesi, limiti e prospettive di un database delle strutture fortificate in area alpina Prof.ssa Flavia Negro |
| **Ore 17.30-18.30** | Creazione e proposta di valore: dall’idea al modello di business Prof. Damiano Cortese |
| **Ore 20.00** | Cena – Serata libera |
¹ Tutte le attività didattiche, a parte le visite guidate e le escursioni, si terranno presso gli spazi di Casa Alpina.
² I pranzi e le cene degli studenti si terranno presso Casa Alpina, i pranzi e le cene dei docenti si terranno presso Casa Regina, fatta eccezione per i pranzi a buffet del 28/08 e del 1/09.
Mercoledì 30 agosto 2023
**Escursione alla piana e al Rifugio del Valasco, a cura delle guide del Parco Naturale Alpi Marittime***
| Ore | Evento |
|-------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 8.00 | Colazione |
| 9.00 | Partenza per l’escursione a cura delle guide del Parco Naturale Alpi Marittime, con soste per la presentazione della storia e dell’organizzazione del Parco, delle caratteristiche ambientali e geologiche, della flora e della fauna, delle evoluzioni del sito, dell’ecosistema naturale e umano |
| 13.00 | Pranzo presso il **Rifugio Valasco. Real Casa di caccia** |
| | Proseguimento dell’escursione |
| 18.00-18.30 circa | Rientro a Casa Alpina |
| 20.00 | Cena - Serata libera |
Giovedì 31 agosto 2023
**Sessione 3. Letteratura e arti per modalità alternative di conoscenza e di valorizzazione turistica del territorio: esperienze a confronto nella macroregione alpina**
Moderatrice Prof.ssa Laura Bonato
| Ore | Evento |
|-------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 8.00 | Colazione |
| 9.30-10.30 | Luoghi e percorsi “d’autore”. Il turismo letterario in area alpina: una pratica in espansione tra memoria, conoscenza e suggestioni per un avvicinamento “lento” al territorio
Prof.ssa Cristina Trinchero |
| 10.30-12.00 | Residenze artistiche e Alpi: per una valorizzazione culturale e consapevole
Prof.ssa Miriam Begliuomini |
| 12.30-13.30 | Pranzo |
**Sessione 4. Strategie, percorsi, modelli e casi di promozione turistica sostenibile tra Francia e Italia**
Moderatrice Prof.ssa Christel Venzal
| Ore | Evento |
|-------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 14.30-15.30 | Les biens du Patrimoine mondial dans les Alpes
Prof. Christophe Gauchon |
| 15.30-16.30 | Les enjeux de la labellisation pour un territoire
Prof.ssa Valia Filloz |
| 17.00-18.00 | Le campagne promozionali e le loro declinazioni per le destinazioni turistiche: l’esempio di Courmayeur Mont Blanc, destinazione sempre più green e accessibile
Dott.ssa Alessandra Borre |
| 20.00 | Cena - Serata libera |
*** In caso di maltempo, l’escursione guidata al Rifugio Valasco sarà sostituita da un incontro di presentazione del Parco Naturale Alpi Marittime, a cura delle guide, presso Casa Alpina, seguito da una visita guidata a Entracque (il comune e il [Centro Uomini e Lupi](#)).
Venerdì 1° settembre 2023
Sessione 5. Gestione e promozione del territorio: politiche, modelli, sinergie, esperienze a confronto
Moderatrice Prof.ssa Cristina Trinchero
| Ore | Evento |
|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 8.00 | Colazione |
| 9.00-10.00 | Attori politici e sinergie istituzionali per la valorizzazione del territorio |
| | Dott. Claudio Alberto |
| 10.00-11.00 | I paesaggi vitivinicoli di Langhe-Roero Monferrato (sito iscritto nella lista del Patrimonio mondiale UNESCO dal 2014) |
| | Dott. Roberto Cerrato |
| 11.30-12.30 | Modello di business: elaborazione di proposte |
| | Prof. Damiano Cortese |
| 12.30 | Pranzo - buffet presso Casa Alpina |
Sessione 6. Architetture civili, militari e religiose: un patrimonio da conservare e conoscere
| Ore | Evento |
|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 15.00-16.30 | Visita guidata a MEMO 4345. Memoriale della Deportazione |
| | a cura degli operatori del Museo |
| 16.30-18.30 | Visita guidata a Borgo San Dalmazzo: il borgo ieri e oggi, l’abbazia, il castello |
| | a cura del Prof. Enrico Lusso e della Prof.ssa Viviana Moretti |
| 20.00 | Rientro a Sant’Anna di Valdieri e cena |
| | Serata libera |
Sabato 2 settembre 2023
| Ore | Evento |
|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 8.00 | Colazione |
| 9.00-11.00 | Saluti e check-out; partenza degli studenti |
Arrivederci alle prossime iniziative:
1) on line, su Webex: 19-20 ottobre 2023, convegno transfrontaliero UNITO-UPPA - Université de Pau et Pays de l’Adour: “Oltre la crisi. Il patrimonio ambientale e culturale transfrontaliero: sfide, potenziale, prospettive”
2) in presenza e on line, su Webex: 25 novembre 2023, giornata di studi conclusiva, Cherasco (CN), Salone del Consiglio Comunale
I programmi delle iniziative e i link cui collegarsi saranno comunicati via e-mail a inizio ottobre
NB: il conseguimento dei crediti formativi e il rilascio on line degli attestati di frequenza avverranno dopo l’evento di chiusura
Organizzazione a cura del Comitato scientifico del Laboratorio di Ricerca Open Tourism (https://www.opentourism.unito.it/) - Dipartimento di Lingue e Letterature Straniere e Culture Moderne, Università di Torino, in collaborazione con l’Associazione Culturale Antonella Salvatico. Centro Internazionale di Ricerca sui Beni Culturali, La Morra (CN) (https://www.associazioneacas.it/).
L’iniziativa è realizzata con il contributo del bando “GRANT for INTERNATIONALIZATION – GFI” - progetti di ricerca collaborativi con partner internazionali 2022 (Università di Torino) e della Fondazione CRT.
I materiali per la comunicazione e le attività di team building sono realizzati grazie al contributo della Fondazione CRC. | 32980c85-33f8-4311-a687-1ec5961ce4e7 | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ita_Latn/train | finepdfs | ita_Latn | 9,827 |
USDA-ARS NATIONAL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY
Corvallis, Oregon
USDA-ARS-NCGR
33447 Peoria Road
Corvallis, Oregon 97333-2521
Telephone: 541/750-8712
Fax: 541/750-8717
firstname.lastname@example.org http://www.ars-grin.gov/ars/PacWest/Corvallis/ncgr
ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT
REGIONAL PROJECT W-6
CY 1995
Bruce Bartlett, Ag. Sci. Res. Tech., Plants Jamie Bergen, High School Volunteer Henrietta Chambers, Collaborator Yongjian Chang, Graduate Student, OSU Douglas Cook, Computer Specialist Brian Courtney, Computer Specialist Trainee Jeff Darbut, Biological Science Aid Jeanine DeNoma, Research Assistant, OSU Judith Flynn, Program Assistant Raymond Gekosky, Ag. Sci. Res. Tech., Jorge Gerrero, Field/Lab Work Study Kim Hummer, Research Leader/Curator Lisa Hunt, Ag. Sci. Res. Tech., Plants Mohan Kumar, Graduate Student Jie Luo, Graduate Student, OSU Tung Ly, Lab Work Study, OSU CRIS Summary 1990-1995
Francis Lawrence, Collaborator Wes Messinger, Graduate Student, OSU Jessica Mentzer, High School Intern Brian Olson, Biological Science Aid Carolyn Paynter, Bio. Sci. Lab Tech., Plants Derek Peacock, Graduate Student, OSU Joseph Postman, Plant Pathologist Leslyn Rasmussen, Biological Science Aid Barbara Reed, Plant Physiologist Naomi Silva, Office Work Study, OSU Charlie Simon, Office Work Study, OSU Joe Snead, Ag. Sci. Res. Tech., Plants Piyarak Tanprasert, Graduate Student, OSU Dennis Vandeveer, Maintenance Technician Avery Wilkins, Biological Science Aid
Corvallis NCGR maintained more than 9,489 accessions in 1995. Each accession and its corresponding information was loaded on the database in GRIN and was made available on the world wide web. More than 6,085 accessions were available for distribution. The plant pathology program eliminated viruses from 400 pears, 100 small fruits, and 12 hazelnut clones. More than 70% of the clonal accessions of the six major genera at the Repository were available as virus-tested plants. A new strawberry ilar virus from Chile was discovered, identified and intercepted. A procedure to eliminate apple scar skin viroid from quarantined Asian pears was determined. From 1991 to 1995, the Repository distributed more than 13,000 accessions to requesters from 49 countries. The most frequently requested items were in vitro cultures, seed, plant, scionwood, and cuttings. The foreign countries which requested the most germplasm during this time were Canada, Italy, China, the Russian Federation, and Australia. Over the past five years, the Repository provided training for 29 Indian scientists sponsored by OICD, and scientists from Bhutan, Brazil, Canada, China Egypt, England, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia,, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Russian Federation, Scotland, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, and the Ukraine. In 1995, about 17-20 laboratory classes visited from universities, community colleges, grade schools, and high schools. The Repository interacted with many groups, such as the Home Orchard Society, California Rare Fruit Growers, North American Fruit Explorers, Seed Saver's Exchange, the International Ribes Association, and Master Gardeners, by hosting annual meetings, exchanging plant material, providing information, and working with quarantine requirements for plant importation.
Facilities Corner
Dennis E. Vandeveer and Kim E. Hummer
A windstorm swept through the Willamette Valley, Oregon, in November 1995, downing trees and causing damage from Eugene to Portland. At the Repository, the screenhouse fiberglass roofing, which was already four years beyond life expectancy, came off in spots and developed some large leaks. ARS headquarters provided $35,000 for repairing rotted eves, replacing the fiberglass with lexan, and replacing rotted wooden doors with steal doors.
During the year work continued on the pre-engineered building at the North Farm. Three roll-up doors were installed, (one with a window panel) as well as an exhaust fan for welding work. An exhausting-type pesticide cabinet was installed. Some of the electrical circuits and wiring were installed and the sheetrock and insulation were completed in the shop area. The office and rest room wall were roughed in and a phone line was installed. A natural gas and a forced air heating system were installed. The well was tested and certified good for drinking. The pump was rebuilt and was installed with a new pressure tank on a new pump house slab. A pump-house will be constructed this summer by force account. Interior plumbing will be installed for an eye-wash station and restroom facilities in 1996. The sewer line was also placed and reconnected to the septic tank. A fire alarm was installed through contract. About 80% of the work on the building was accomplished by our work force.
At the main building complex, the new store room was completed and the old store room was cleaned out and sheetrocked with fire-rated sheetrock and tape. The old store room will become our new seed storage area once power has been installed and the security/fire alarm systems are extended into this area some time next year. The shop building will be painted this year. A new air conditioning system was purchased for the headhouse offices and will be installed by force account. We will be busy repairing fence lines and roads in 1996 due to our recent flooding. Some exterior painting will be done on the main building by force account.
Staffing Changes and Training
Our permanent staff remained stable in 1995; however, the general trend over the past three years has been a reduction in visiting scientist and student and part-time helpers. Our FY 1995 ARMPs planned 16.5 FTE, including federal and state employees.
Dr. Stan Pluta, Ribes geneticist from Skierniewice, Poland, studied at the Repository from May through September. His diligent effort collecting data on disease resistance, morphology, and phenology of the Ribes collection produced several papers in progress. Mr. Yongjian Chang, who was a visiting scientist from China, remained to begin a graduate program studying Rubus in vitro culture under Dr. Barbara Reed. Mohan Kumar defended his thesis on "Genetic Stability of Micropropagated and In Vitro Coldstored Strawberries" in August, 1995.
The permanent staff participated in a team-building exercise in January. Technical staff members were trained and recertified as consultants and pesticide applicators.
Special Awards for 1995
May Lisa Hunt received an USDA award "For Establishing Entrance Landscaping Flower Beds, Raising, and Planting Flowers on Own Accord Creating an Attractive Entrance to the Building".
Jul Jeffrey Darbut received an USDA award "For Courageous, Brave, and Gallant Service in Aiding the Repository's Neighbor to Extinguish an Engine Fire in the Neighbor's Field Bean Harvester".
Sep Dennis Vandeveer received an USDA award "For the Detailed Coordination of Personnel, Equipment, and Contractor for the Successful Painting, Furniture Moving, and Carpet Installation at NCGR-Corvallis".
Nov Dr. Kim Hummer received an USDA award "For Outstanding Accomplishments in Agricultural Research".
Budget and Fiscal
By Kim E. Hummer
The collections at the Repository have doubled since 1989. We anticipate that within ten years the collections will double again to reach the maximum capacity of 20,000 accessions. The Repository staff is reducing on-site duplication to attain more efficient germplasm storage. Distribution is leveling off between 2,000 to 3,000 accessions shipped annually. Costs for distribution are increasing due to postage, courier rates, and APHIS charges for phytosanitary certificates. We spent roughly $2,000 for shipping costs in FY 1995.
Our fixed costs continue to increase. Salary costs have risen several percentage points for each the past 5 years. Utility rates are increasing. Janitorial costs have doubled. More than 5% of the total budget needs to be spent annually to maintain the facilities in good order. We greatly appreciate PWA and Program staff for providing considerable financial assistance for facilities repair over the past several years.
With fixed costs increasing the total FTE is dropping to compensate. Part-time, temporary, and student helpers have been reduced to keep the
USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository Corvallis, Oregon
Funding and Staffing
Accessions and Distribution
Amount in 1,000
salary percentage within the 70% range and the discretionary funding at an operable amount. Extramural funding is continuing to be sought, although that directly applicable to the preservation of genetic resources is difficult to find.
Priority Genera
The following genera are assigned to the Corvallis Repository. These genera are ranked according to the current value of the crop to the United States, to the world, and on anticipated value of potential new crops, and intangible values (medicinal or other properties).
Priority 1 - Major genera
Priority 2 - Minor Genera
New Acquisitions
During 1995, 407 new accessions were received (including hazelnut cultivars from the Ukraine) and 767 new inventory items were added to the NCGR collections. More than 120 Fragaria accessions were collected in the United States and elsewhere. Approximately 72 of the Fragaria were different genotypes of F. virginiana Duchesne collected from the southeastern United States. New accessions of Mentha satureioides were received from Australia. Pears were collected from the wild in Yugoslavia, China, Kazakhstan, and Morocco. About 49 new pear accessions were propagated for the field.
More than 25 currants and gooseberry cultivars were received from Dr. Margie Luffman, Curator for the Canadian Clonal Genebank. These accessions have become part of the US collection and will act as a back-up for the Canadian collection. These, and other back-up accessions, are documented in the accession group table of GRIN, under: agname = "Canadian CGB." USDA small fruit exploration expeditions to Bolivia and within the southeastern United States provided wild species of Fragaria, Ribes, Rubus, and Vaccinium. The Repository is participating with 15 other sites across the country in an Asimina variety trial. For this trial, 28 new cultivars and selections were received, budded, and planted at the North Farm in the fall of 1995. This project is in collaboration with Dr. Anita Azarenko, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Dr. Des Layne, Kentucky State University, and Neil Peterson, Head of the Pawpaw Foundation. In addition six seedlots of other Asimina species were planted.
Plant Collections Management 1995
By Joe Snead and Kim Hummer
The Corvallis Repository holds the primary collections for Fragaria, Mentha, Rubus and Vaccinium cultivars in the screenhouses; Corylus, Humulus, Pyrus and Ribes are preserved as field collections. The minor genera collections were moved from land on the Oregon State University, Lewis Brown Farm to the Repository's North Farm. The North Farm contains the Rubus species, the Ribes species and cultivars, Humulus, and a variety trial for Asimina.
As part of a regular cycle, the Fragaria collection was rejunivated and repotted this year. A new winterizing system for the screenhouses was constructed with plastic roll down curtains for extreme freezing weather conditions. In the planning stages for next year are repairing and replacing the roofs on screenhouses 8 and 9. The roof in screenhouse 9 leaks badly and waterlogs the pots in the winter rains. This is very hard on the Fragaria in the winter.
The Pyrus field is being reduced to a single tree per accession. This will allow the trees that were squeezed into double spacing a chance to grow to full potential. Some of the cultivars are backed-up in the shade-tube; some are backed-up as in vitro cultures. The cultivar collection was evaluated and the duplicate plants were removed. This process is about one-third finished in the species and rootstock blocks. The Corylus and Vaccinium fields were enlarged to accommodate space for additional new accessions.
Characterization
The Repository staff has entered evaluation and characterization data to the GRIN database annually. Because of limited staff and resources we are emphasizing the data collection and entry for one or two genera each year, while rotating through our assigned list.
Phenotype data:
The Repository staff collects phenotypic and morphological data and has entered 72,668 observation records to the GRIN database thus far. In addition, the Repository is collecting flowering and fruiting images for assigned crops. We have loaded 300 images that are linked to accession numbers. These can be accessed through the Repository homepage. An additional 200 historical fruit images are present also on the homepage.
Molecular data:
Generally, the Corvallis Repository has chosen to evaluate assigned genera through phenotypic and morphological means. The Repository has not attempted to measure diversity of the collections by molecular means, nor has the Repository developed DNA fingerprinting techniques for identification of cultivars. The Repository has maintained communications with researchers working on DNA analyses for assigned crops.
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During the 1980s, allozyme studies were performed on Pyrus and Fragaria Interpretations of these studies were unclear and these data were not loaded into the GRIN database. A master's thesis was jointly sponsored by the Corvallis Repository and the Department of Botany and Plant Pathology at Oregon State University examining the sectional differences in Ribes through inter-generic spacers in the chloroplast and ribosomal genomes. The results pertained to the supra-species taxonomy and phenetics of the genus and were not able to be loaded to GRIN as observation data.
Quarantine Plants
By Lisa Hunt
The Repository has been working with USDA-APHIS and the Oregon State Department of Agriculture to import plants from foreign countries. At the close of 1995 we had 152 accessions (a total of 377 plants) in post-entry and other quarantines. The plants are tested for viruses and other disease agents and are inspected annually by APHIS representatives. Pathogen negative-plants may be released after two growing seasons. This table shows the number of plants in quarantine at the end of 1994 listed by genus code:
Plant Distribution
By Bruce R. Bartlett
The NCGR in Corvallis continues with its mission to distribute plant germplasm for research within the United States and internationally. At the time of this printing, for 1995 we have distributed a total of 1,618 items as seeds, cuttings, runners, scionwood,
rooted plants and tissue culture. This number represents 78% of the total number of items requested (2,076) for 1995.
The diverse nature of plant accessions at NCGR-Corvallis presents an ongoing challenge to fill all requests in a timely manner. Therefore, items may be pending for as long as three years. The coordination of foreign import permits (IP), seasonal availability and slow growth of some accessions all contribute to delays in plant shipment. Seven percent of the plants requested in 1995 are still pending and 12% are listed as not available. Shipment records from 1991 to 1995 show that a total of 75% to 86% of plant requests will eventually be shipped.
A trend from 1991 to 1993 showed that about 20% of items requested in a given year would not be shipped. The unavailability of a given accession when requested and complications associated with IP's account for most of the reasons why items will not be shipped. Considerable effort was made beginning with 1994 to more closely work with requesters to select alternative accessions to those not available. Since then, the number of unavailable items has dropped to 15% for 1994 and 1995. We continue to work with all requesters to improve plant shipment.
The total number of items requested was stable during 1993 (2,513) and 1994 (2,507) and dropped slightly in 1995 to 2,076 (domestically shipped Humulus have not been added to 1995 totals and may represent an additional 150 items). In 1995 foreign requesters asked for approximately 40 % of all items ordered. This is significantly more than the previous trend of 25% from 1992 to 1994. As of this printing, 206 requests and approximately 1,500 total items have been ordered for 1996. This pace represents a substantial increase over the previous three years and more closely resembles 1992 when there were 351 requests for a total of 3,554 items.
Over the past four years (1992-1995) accessions of Fragaria followed by Pyrus, Rubus and Ribes were the most often requested. However, in 1994 Ribes was the most often sought genus and Fragaria was fourth. The number of Vaccinium accessions requested has dropped from 314 in 1992 to 77 in 1995 while the number of Corylus accessions requested increased from 141 to 203 during the same period. Requests for our other major and combined minor genera have varied only slightly over the past four years.
Collection Locations
Location of primary and back-up collections established or maintained during 1995.
With additional resources and personnel we could backup more materials in LN2 at NSSL. The techniques are worked out for cryogenic preservation for representatives of almost all of our genera. MORE MONEY IS NEEDED FOR THIS EFFORT!
Tissue Culture
By Barbara Reed
Strawberries were a major focus in 1995. Barbara Reed completed a cold storage study on "Factors affecting the in vitro storage of strawberry". Fragaria germplasm, stored at 4°C as cold-hardened in vitro plantlets, was rated for condition on a 0-5 scale at 9, 12 and 19 months. Plants with ratings >2 were healthy enough to remain in storage. Benzyladenine (BA) at 0, 1, 2.5 and 5 µM and storage in darkness or with a 12 hour photoperiod were examined for a group of four genotypes. Means of plant condition ratings over all treatments and genotypes were best (3.4) at 9 and 12 months and declined to 2.2 at 19 months. Increasing concentrations of BA were correlated with higher condition ratings compared to those without BA, and plants stored with a 12 hour photoperiod had higher ratings than those stored in the dark. At 9 and 12 months, plants grown with BA and a 12 hour photoperiod had the highest ratings. Five different Fragaria genotypes were used to study the effect of photoperiod and cold hardening on condition ratings of stored plantlets.
Cold-hardened plants had higher condition ratings (2.1) than those stored without cold hardening (1.8). Plants stored with a 12 hour photoperiod had higher mean condition ratings (2.2) than those stored in the dark (1.7). Storage with cold hardening and a 12 hour photoperiod resulted in improved plant condition. The extent of improvement was genotype dependent.
Graduate student Mohan B. Kumar completed his M.S. thesis on "Genetic Stability of Micropropagated and In Vitro Cold-stored Strawberries". The genetic stability of micropropagated and cold-stored Fragaria x anannasa cultivar 'Pocahontas' was evaluated by RAPD assay. Plantlets grown for eight months on MS medium with 5µM or 15µM benzyladenine were analyzed. No evidence of mutations was seen in over 200 loci that were PCR amplified with 29 of the 30 operon primers used. 'Pocahontas' in vitro plantlets stored for over four years at 4°C also showed no evidence of mutations. One primer generated polymophic profiles for all plants analyzed, but it was not reproducible and no pattern matching any treatment was seen. Morphological characteristics of field-grown plants did not differ for the BA treatments, but cold-stored plants differed from BA-treated plants.
Cryopreservation
By Barbara Reed
Barbara Reed traveled to Scotland in April on a NATO Collaborative Research Grant to develop cryopreservation protocols for Ribes germplasm, and hosted Scottish scientists in Corvallis during August to complete and analyze the project. Comparison of freezing techniques was completed at both facilities and plans are underway for future collaboration.
Technician Jeanine DeNoma, graduate student Jie Luo, visiting scientist Yongjian Chang and Barbara Reed initiated a long-term liquid nitrogen stored pear collection at NSSL with the cooperation of Leigh Towill. Accessions are tested and those with greater than 50% regrowth are sent to NSSL in a travel dewar as time permits.
Virus Indexing
By Joseph Postman
As of 1 December, 1995, more than 80% of the clonal accessions for Corylus, Pyrus, and Rubus were available as virus negative plants. "Virus negative" includes plants that have tested negative for several important viruses and plants that have been produced by heat therapy. The following virus tests were conducted during 1995, with new accessions and heat-treated sub-clones as the highest priority:
1995 Virus Status Summary Clonal Accessions
Heat therapy followed by apical meristem culture is used to eliminate viruses from infected clonal accessions. One to five meristems are typically dissected for each heat-treated clone. Fragaria is heat treated in vitro, and other genera are heat treated as potted plants.
1995 Virus Elimination Efforts
* Primarily Quarantine Accessions for NPGQC
Database Management
By Doug Cook and Kim Hummer
Corvallis data is stored on GRIN and in a network server at Corvallis. This server is electronically backed up by a tape-drive system each week. Tapes are stored in a fire-proof cabinet on site. Each winter we send copies of our database as hardcopy and in magnetic media to NSSL for archiving and as a data security backup. In 1995 we installed a 28.8 baud modem workstation to increase speed. We now have three independent phone lines with modems. The Repository computer work stations required a number of repairs throughout the year including re-installing corrupted software and replacing hard drives, video cards, keyboards and network interface cards. We installed a Power Macintosh PC 7100/80 with high quality graphics to supplement our PC clones.
Each workstation now has at least eight megabytes of RAM and is using Foxpro and Microsoft Office software. We have installed three uninterruptable power-supply units which now allows six workstations to continue operating though our occasional power outages.
Corvallis Report of Records on GRIN - 31 January 1996
FOREIGN TRAVEL REPORTS FOR 1995
A. Kim E. Hummer
Research Leader/Curator
Travel Report for October 1995
Purpose: To visit Canadian Clonal Genebank, Trenton, Ontario and to attend NCR-22 Small Fruit Meeting, Simcoe, Ontario
Summary: The Smithfield Experiment Station, where the Canadian Clonal Genebank is located, is scheduled to be closed by October, 1996. The Canadian Clonal Genebank will be moving to Harrow, Ontario approximately 400 miles away. The plant collections will have to be repropagated and moved to Harrow. I visited with Dr. Margie Luffman, Curator of the CCG, regarding obtaining plant material for our collection and made arrangements to backup items in our collection during their move, to ensure the safety of the germplasm. Dr. Luffman will be sending us about ten pears and about twenty Ribes. Additional plant material may also be shipped.
The North Central Region - 22 Small Fruits meeting was hosted by the Horticultural Research Institute at Simcoe, Ontario. Small fruit representatives from about 25 states and provinces attended the meetings from 19-22 October and reported on research and breeding activities in their region. I presented a report to NCR-22 concerning activities at NCGR during 1994-1995.
I also met with Small Fruit Crop Germplasm Committee on 20 October 1995 to discuss priorities of genera and plant evaluation. The committee suggested new individuals for rotation of membership.
B. Barbara M. Reed
Research Plant Physiologist
Travel report for March-April, 1995
University of Abertay Dundee and Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, Scotland
Purpose: Collaborative research on
Ribes cryopreservation supported by a NATO travel grant.
Experiments were conducted with three freezing methods and four genotypes. Data was collected later and analyzed on the reciprocal visit to NCGR in August.
Travel Plan:
April 2: Portland to Glasgow
April 3-20 Collaborative research with UAD and SCRI
April 23: Glasgow to Portland
C. Barbara M. Reed
Research Plant Physiologist
Travel Report for June-July 1995
Kajang, Bangi and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Purpose: To collaborate with Dr. Normah Mohd. Noor on cryopreservation research, teach a one -week class on cryopreservation of apical meristems to her students and research assistants and attend and present an invited talk at the International Workshop on "In Vitro Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources." All expenses were covered by the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Summary: Dr. Normah works with recalcitrant seeds of tropical fruit trees. She is interested in using apical meristem cryopreservation for those species which can not be preserved as seed or embryonic axes. We discussed possible lines of research and collaboration. The class involved nine students and technicians from Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia and one faculty member from another university. Lectures and laboratory experiences covered three methods of cryopreservation of meristems and some basic research on cryobiology. The conference was mainly discussions to develop recommendations for improved storage of germplasm using in vitro and cryopreservation techniques.
Travel Plan: June 19: Travel to Kajang
June 21-24: Consult with Dr. Normah and set up for class
June 25-30: Teach class on cryopreservation methods for apical meristems
July 1-7: Attend International Workshop on In Vitro Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources.
July 8: Travel to Corvallis
D. Barbara M. Reed
Research Plant Physiologist
Travel Report for November 1995
Spain, November 1995
Purpose: Invited speaker at the Spanish Society for Cryobiology Meeting, present a talk on cryopreservation.
Summary: Dr. Erica Benson (Dundee Institute of Technology, Dundee, Scotland), Dr. M.R. Ahuja (Institute of Forest Genetics, Grosshandsdorf, Germany) and I spoke on plant related topics to a mostly medical audience. The talks were well received and probably were a valuable educational tool for the plant germplasm community. While at the meetings Dr. Benson, Dr. Keith Harding and I were able to have some in Depth conversations about cryopreservation and complete a renewal for collaborative grant application.
Travel Plan:
October 30 leave from Portland, OR
October 31 arrive Oviedo, Spain, Consult with Drs. Benson and Harding
November 1-4 attend Cryobiology Meeting
November 5-12 Personal Time
November 13 Return to Portland, OR
Meetings and Presentations during 1995
Feb 6 Joseph Postman attended 46th Annual Western Small Fruits Pest Conference, Vancouver, B.C., Canada; Feb. 6-7, 1995
Feb 11 Kim Hummer invited to speak at International Ribes Association Meeting, Feb 12 and invited speaker at North American Strawberry Conference, Orlando, FL; Feb 15-17, 1995
Feb 15 Francis (Whitey) Lawrence, Collaborator, to attend North American Strawberry Conference, Orlando, FL; Feb 15-17, 1995
Feb 20 Joseph Postman and Joseph Snead to attend Pyrus Crop Advisory Committee Meeting in Hood River, OR; Feb. 21, 1995
Feb 22 Judith Flynn invited to temporarily fill vacant PWA-Area Director's Secretary position, Albany, CA; Feb 22-Mar 3, 1995
Mar 30 Barbara Reed invited on behalf of NATO Grant, administered by University of Abertay, Dundee to do collaborative research with the University of Abertay Dundee and The Scottish Crop Research Institute (SCRI), Dundee, Scotland; Mar 30-Apr 24, 1995
May 19 Barbara Reed (presented poster & organized workshop) and Mohan Kumar (presented talk) and Piyarak Tanprasert (presented poster) to annual meeting of the Society for In Vitro Biology; Denver, CO; May 19-25, 1995
Jun 7 Kim Hummer to Woody Ornamentals Germplasm Committee meeting and visited program & administrative staff and a safety meeting; Jun 7-14, 1995
Jun 19 Barbara Reed invited by University of Kebangsaan, Malaysia and IPGRI under cooperative agreement to lecture on methods for the cryopreservation of in vitro grown apical meristems, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Jun 19-Jul 8, 1995
Jun 25 Kim Hummer to 1995 W-6 Annual Meeting, Logan, Utah; Jun 26-27, 1995
Jul 6 Jie Luo and Yongjian Chang attended the Cryobiology Meeting, Madison, WI; July 6-12
Jul 13 Kim Hummer invited by California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. to present talk and to visit CA Repository, Davis. Also visited Luther Burbank's House and Gardens, Santa Rosa, CA, and Andy Mariani's Orchards and CT Kennedy's collection, Jul 13-17, 1995
Jul 16 Judith Flynn invited to be Co-Facilitator Chairperson for the 26th National Training Program for the Federally Employed Women, Inc., Tacoma, WA; Jul 16-22, 1995
Jul 24 Bruce Bartlett, Douglas Cook and Brian Courtney, site visit, Davis Repository, Davis, CA; Jul 24-Jul 28, 1995
Jul 28 Barbara Reed presented a poster at the 92nd ASHS, Montreal, Canada; Jul 28-Aug 6, 1995
Jul 28 Maxine Thompson, Collaborator, to 92nd American Society of Horticultural Science (ASHS), Montreal, Canada; Jul 28-Aug 6, 1995.
Jul 29 Derek Peacock, graduate student, to make a presentation at the 92nd ASHA, Montreal, Canada; Jul 29-Aug 5, 1995
Aug 2 Andrew Grzeskowiak to Pacific West Area Office for site visit with Elizabeth Ferguson, EEO Officer, Albany, CA; Aug 2-7, 1995
Aug 20 Kim Hummer and Joseph Postman to attend Plant Germplasm Organization Committee Meeting and the GRIN Meeting in Ames, IA; Aug 20-26, 1995
Oct 17 Kim Hummer to visit Canadian Clonal Genebank, Trenton, Ontario, and to attend NCR-22 Small Fruit Meeting, Simcoe, Ontario, Canada; Oct 17-23, 1995
Oct 29 Barbara Reed invited speaker on cryopreservation at the Fourth Annual meeting of the Spanish Society for Cryobiology, Oviedo, Spain; Oct 29-Nov 8, 1995
Nov 27 Bruce Bartlett & Douglas Cook to GRIN site visit, Beltsville, MD; Nov 27-Dec 1, 1995
Visitors, Technology, Transfer and Community Outreach
By Judy Flynn
The NCGR hosted over 542 visitors representing countries around the world. Guests hailed from Asia (China, India), Africa (Nigeria, Egypt), Europe (Poland, Spain, Germany, Turkey, Ukraine, ), United Kingdom (Scotland, England), Australia, Central America (West Indies) and South America (Brazil). North American visitors came from many provinces of Canada and throughout the United States.
The Repository staff were active in supporting programs of horticulture, plant physiology, plant pathology, and nursery management. Groups visiting the NCGR included: Oregon State University's (OSU) botany, horticulture, plant breeding, forestry and reading/conference classes, the OSU seed school; Western Oregon State College honors botany students; and many local elementary, middle school and high school classes. Members of the Corvallis Home Orchard Society and members of Dick Post's Reno, Nevada Agriculture Tour participated in a Repository site visit and question/answer period during 1995. Also, guests from private industry (Microplant Nurseries) scheduled tours of the facilities. Repository personnel had a display booth with literature at the Linn-Benton Community College job fair and the Oregon State University career day events.
NCGR 1995 PUBLICATIONS
Buckley, P.M., T.N. DeWilde, and B.M. Reed. 1995. Characterization and identification of bacteria isolated from micropropagated mint plants. In Vitro - Plant 31:58-64.
Chang, Y and B.M. Reed. 1995. Shoot formation of Rubus meristems following cryopreservation. Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research Annual Conference, Corvallis, OR. Abst.
Chang, Y. and B.M. Reed. 1995. Improved shoot formation of blackberry and raspberry meristems following cryopreservation. Cryobiology 32: 581. Abst.
Grauke, L.J., T.E. Thompson, P. Forsline, and K. Hummer. Use of core subsets in developing germplasm collections of clonally propagated crops. HortScience 30(4):907. Abst.
Hadidi, A., I. Davis, A. Minafra, D. Boscia and J.D. Postman. 1995. A virus affecting apples and pears is related to grapevine virus A as revealed by IC-RT-PCR. Acta Horticulturae 386:37-44.
Hummer, K.E. ed. 1995. NCGR-Corvallis Operations Manual, NCGR-Corvallis, Ore., Sta. Rep. 150 pp.
Hummer, K.E. and B.R. Bartlett. 1995. Update on interstate restrictions of Ribes. USDA-ARS NCGR Station Pub. 4 pp.
Hummer, K.E. and B.R. Bartlett. 1995. Safe movement of Ribes germplasm. The International Ribes Association Newsletter.
Hummer, K.E. 1995. What's new in strawberry genetic resources: raw materials for a better berry. 4TH North American Strawberry Conference Proceedings. (In Press).
Hummer, K.E. 1995. Your Government Cares! California Rare Fruit Growers Meeting Proceedings.
Hummer, K.E. 1995. The mystical powers and culinary delights of the hazelnut: a globally important Mediterranean crop. Diversity 11 (1 & 1):130.
Hummer, K., L. Fuchigani, V. Peters, N. Bell. 1995. Survey of Rubus cold hardiness. Fruit Variety Journal 49(1):52-58.
Hummer, K.E. 1995. The dollars and sense of collecting germplasm. Proceedings of the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Annual Conference, November 29, 1995. Abst.
Kumar, M. B., R.E. Barker, and B.M. Reed. 1995. Genetic stability of micropropagated strawberries. 1995 Congress on In Vitro Biology, Denver, CO, May 20-24, 1995.
Kumar, M.B., R. Barker, and B.M. Reed. 1995. Genetic stability of micropropagated strawberries. In Vitro 31:52. Abst.
Luo, J. J. DeNorma, and B.M. Reed. 1995. Cryopreservation screening of Pyrus germplasm. Cryobiology 32: 558. Abst.
Nee, Cheng-Chu, Wen-Ben Lin and K. Hummer. 1995. The recovery of Taiwan native pear (Pyrus koehnei Schneider)- III Growth Characteristics. J. of the Chinese Soc. for Horticultural Science. 41(2):107-115.
Peacock, D. and K.E. Hummer. 1995. The effect of liquid nitrogen and sulfuric acid on the germination of several Rubus species. HortScience 30(4):869. Abst.
Piyarak, Tanprasert, P.M. Buckley, and B.M. Reed. 1995. Detection and characterization of bacterial contaminants of micropropagated strawberry. 1995 Congress on In Vitro Biology, Denver, CO, May 20-24, 1995. Abst.
Pluta, S. and K.E. Hummer. 1995. Gooseberry and currant evaluation at the USDA-ARS NCGRCorvallis, OR. Proceedings of the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Annual Conference, November 29, 1995. Abst.
Postman, J.D. and A. Hadidi. 1995. Elimination of apple scar skin viroid from pears by in vitro thermo-therapy and apical meristem culture. Acta Horticulturae 386:536-543.
Postman, J.D. 1995. A novel method for layering hazelnut trees. Pome News 20(1):59-60.
Postman, J. D. and K. E. Hummer. 1995. Descriptions of new fruit and nut varieties - Brooks and Olmo List 37 - Asian Pears, Pears, Pear Rootstocks. HortScience 30(6):1135-1150.
Postman, J.D., K.E. Hummer, and A. Wilkins. 1995. The National Clonal Germplasm Repository home page. http://www.ars-grin.gov/ars/PacWest/Corvallis/ncgr.
Postman, J.D. 1995. Why are they keeping 2000 pear varieties in Corvallis? Plant genetic resources at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository. Valley Orchardist, October 1995. Willamette Valley Tree Fruit Growers Assoc.
Postman, J.D. 1995. Why are they keeping 2000 pear varieties in Corvallis? Plant genetic resources at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository. Seed Savers 1995 Harvest Edition. Seed Savers Exchange, Decorah, Iowa.
Postman, J.D. 1995. Blueberry Scorch Carlavirus eliminated from infected blueberry. Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research Annual Report (Abstract).
Postman, J.D. 1995. Necrotic ring spots on leaves of mountain laurel caused by rhododendron necrotic ringspot virus. Plant Disease 79(5): Cover Photograph.
Postman, J. and K. Hummer. 1995. Pears. In: Register of New Fruit and Nut Varieties Brooks and Olmo List 37. J.N. Cummins, ed. Hort Science 30(7): 1141-1142.
Reed, B.M., P.M. Buckley, and T.N. DeWilde. 1995. Detection and eradication of endophytic bacteria from micropropagated mint plants. In Vitro - Plant 31P:53-57.
Reed, B.M. and X. Yu. 1995. Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown gooseberry and currant meristems. Cryo-Letters 16:131-136.
Reed, B.M. 1995. Pretreatment strategies for the cryopreservation of plant tissues. Proceedings of the International Workshop on in vitro conservation of plant genetic resources. July 4-6, 1995, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Reed, B.M.. 1995. In vitro rooting response of Pyrus germplasm. HortScience 30: 1392-1294.
Reed, B.M. and P. Tanprasert.1995. Detection and control of bacterial contaminants of plant tissue cultures. Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology. 1:137-142.
Reed, B.M. and K. E. Hummer. 1995. Conservation of germplasm of strawberry (Fragaria Species) In: Y.P.S. Bajaj (ed.) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry Vol. 32.pp. 354-370.
Reed, B.M., J. Mentzer, P. Tanprasert, X. Yu, and P. Buckley. 1995. Bacterial contaminants of Corylus in vitro cultures. In Vitro 31:59 Abst.
Reed, B.M. 1995. Effects of BA concentration and photoperiod on 4 o C in vitro storage of strawberry. HortScience 30:871. Abst.
Reed, B.M. 1995. Factors affecting the in vitro storage of strawberry. Northwest Center for
Small Fruits Research Annual Conference, Corvallis, OR. Abst.
Tanprasert, P., P.M. Buckley, and B.M. Reed. 1995. Detection and characterization of bacterial contaminants of micropropagated strawberry. In Vitro 31:58A. Abst.
Thompson, Maxine M. 1995. Chromosome numbers of Rubus cultivars at the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository- Corvallis, OR. HortScience 30(7):1453-1456.
Thompson, Maxine M. 1995. Chromosome numbers of Rubus species at the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository- Corvallis, OR. HortScience 30(7):1447-1452.
Thompson, Maxine M. K.E. Hummer. 1995. Chromosome numbers of Rubus accessions in the USDA/ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR. HortScience 30(4), 833.
Yeo, D. Y. and. B.M. Reed. 1995. Micropropagation of Pyrus rootstocks. HortScience30:620-623.
Yu, X. and B.M. Reed. 1995. A micropropagation system for hazelnuts (Corylus spp). HortScience 30:120-123. | <urn:uuid:06060df8-0e48-4c38-9613-306c255537e2> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 38,437 |
VILLE DE CHINON
ZPPAUP
ANNEXE AU REGLEMENT
SEPTEMBRE 2007
ATELIER D'ARCHITECTURE ET D'URBANISME ELISABETH BLANC DANIEL DUCHE ARCHITECTES DPLG URBANISTE ENPC ARCHITECTE DU PATRIMOINE
14 RUE MOREAU 75012 PARIS 01.43.42.40.71 TELECOPIE 01.43.42.56.20 e-mail : duche.urba @wanadoo.fr
CHINON - ZPPAUP - ANNEXE AU REGLEMENT - E. BLANC - D. DUCHE - ARCHITECTES URBANISTES - SEPTEMBRE 2007
CHINON - ZPPAUP - ANNEXE AU REGLEMENT - E. BLANC - D. DUCHE - ARCHITECTES URBANISTES - SEPTEMBRE 2007
Façades traditionnelles en moellons enduit
Modénature de la façade
Façades traditionnelles en moellons apparents
Façade en tuffeau appareillé
PLANCHE 1
Crépis peint, pierre de taille, céramique vernis
Décor de pan de bois ciment Appareillage de moellons, joints ciment en creux
Crépis à la tyrolienne, brique Moellons posés en opus incertum, joints ciment
Crépis peint, modénature ciment lissé peint, brique
Brique rouge, modénature pierre de taille
Traitements spécifiques des revêtements de façades des pavillons anciens
Principe de pose de l'enduit par rapport aux éléments appareillés en pierre
Façades traditionnelles enduites
Création ou remplacement d'un appui de baie
Les éléments de décor des pavillons anciens
PLANCHE 3
Coupes de principe sur fenêtres
Petite fenêtre à grands carreaux, encadrement et appui mouluré Renaissance en pierre de taille
Fenêtre à grands carreaux, encadrement pierre de taille harpées, linteau segmenté inclus dans la corniche à modillons, appuis pierre de taille peu saillant, parement enduit, garde-corps constitué de deux fers horizontaux simples
Petite fenêtre à grands et petits carreaux, avec ou sans imposte, dans parement en pierre de taille, linteau seamenté droit et appui saillant, droit ou mouluré
Les fenêtres et leurs encadrements
PLANCHE 4
Modèles de fenêtres traditionnelles
6 carreaux linteau cintré
6 carreaux linteau droit
8 carreaux linteau droit
6 carreaux et imposte
Baie à linteau droit volets persiennés
Baie à linteau cintré volets persiennés
Baie à linteau droit volets pleins
Baie à linteau droit volets semi-persiennés
Modèles de volets traditionnels
PLANCHE 5
Volets persiennes : cadres et lames arasées
Volets pleins à planches jointives et écharpes horizontales
Volets semi persiennés : cadres, lames arasées et planches verticales
Les volets pleins et persiennés
PLANCHE 6
Persiennes "à la tourangele"
bois à planches verticales
coulissantes en tableau
Persiennes brisées bois à
planches verticales
rabattables en tableau
Persiennes brisées bois à cadre
rabattables en tableau
Persiennes brisées métal
rabattables en tableau
Les persiennes brisées
Porte pleine simple ou double, à planches jointives
Porte simple pleine ou vitrée à cadres et panneaux
Double porte pleine à cadres et panneaux, à imposte vitrée
Porte pleine ou vitrée à cadres et panneaux et imposte vitrée
Les portes traditionnelles : Le type et la qualité de la porte sont fonction de celles du bâtiment, ainsi que de son époque
PLANCHE 8
Les portes des pavillons anciens : recherche esthétique et qualité du travail du bois et du métal
PLANCHE 9
Porte à 3 ou 4 panneaux, ouvrant vers l'intérieur,
en planches jointives, pleins ou à imposte vitrée
Double porte pleine ouvrante « à la française » vers l'extérieur.
Vantaux en planches jointives, imposte vitrée ou occulte
Double porte pleine ouvrante « à la française » vers l'intérieur.
Vantaux en planches jointives
Les portes de garages
Soupirail à volet battant
Accès à portillon à planches disjointes assurant la ventilation
Soupirail à occultation en planches disjointes ou barreaudage
Les entrées et les ventilations de caves
Les balcons en bois
Les balcons et garde-corps des pavillons anciens
**PLANCHE 12**
Avant-toits ouvragés en charpente
pignon à croupe retroussée et imitation de pan de bois
Traitement spécifique des avant-toits et des pignons des pavillons anciens
Lucarnes pierre de taille à fronton en "chapeau de gendarme"
Lucarnes pierre de taille à fronton cintré
Lucarnes pierre de taille à fronton triangulaire simple
Lucarnes bois à chevalet, dites lucarnes fénières
Lucarnes des maisons de maîtres, bourgeoises, parfois de faubourg : en pierre de taille, à l'aplomb de la façade (appuyées sur la corniche) ou passantes (interrompant la corniche) décor plus ou moins important. Ces lucarnes s'adaptent aux toitures à deux versants ou aux toitures brisées dites à la Mansart.
Lucarnes des maisons de bourg, de faubourg, de maisons rurales et de dépendances anciennes, en bois, parfois en pierre de taille, implantées au niveau du plancher du grenier, le chevalet (avancée de toit) supporte une poulie destinée à engranger.
Modèles de lucarnes
Les souches de cheminées
Modèle courant de souche en brique
Souche brique et pierre
Souche pierre
Souche brique
1 - emprise des fenêtres conservées
2 - allèges abaissées
3 - deux fenêtres réunies
Principe de devanture en applique
Stores sur devantures en feuillure
Stores sur devantures en applique
Principes de pose des stores bannes
Les murs de clôture traditionnels : parement et couronnement
Couronnement constitué d'une dalle de pierre surmontée d'un blocage en moellons houillé au mortier de chaux
Chaîne d'angle harpée
Les couronnements en pierre de taille en trapèze ou cintré
Parement de moellons houillé à la chaux, à joints beurrés (recouvrant partiellement les moellons)
Détail de couronnement de pile en pierre de taille
Piles en pierre de taille et portail fer, soubassement plein ou ajouré, et grille verticale simple
Reconstitution "à l'identique" du modèle de gauche
Piles de pierre de taille et portail bois à lames verticales, découpe en "chapeau de gendarme". Mur plein de moellons, finition joints beurrés, couronnement cintré en pierre de taille
Piles en pierre de taille et portail bois simple, à lames verticales jointives irrégulières
Les portails monumentaux
Porte en bois : planches jointives ou ajourées, dans mur de clôture
Porte en fer et grille posée sur mur bahut de maçonnerie enduite avec couronnement de pierre de taille
Porte en fer dans murs de clôture
Les portes piétonnes des clôtures traditionnelles
Soubassement et poteaux ciment armé, grille fer à section carré, dessin géométrique simple
Soubassement moellons joints ciment en creux, couronnement ciment lissé, grille fer à section carré, dessin géométrique simple
Soubassement moellons posé en "opus incertum" joints ciment en creux, briques rouges, couronnement ciment lissé, grille fer à barreaudage vertical et décor entre pointes
Entrées de maisons jumelles à piles de pierre de taille, faisant référence aux modèles traditionnels. Portes fer à soubassement plein et barreaudage vertical
Porte fer (voir grille ci-dessus)
Porte piétonne et portail fer s'inspirant du style art nouveau (1910) piles brique rouge à couronnement de pierre de taille, mur bahut et grille (voir ci-dessus)
Les clôtures et les portails de pavillons anciens | <urn:uuid:cb6bf1f8-b667-4d9b-a0a0-6f24c4fae2dc> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/fra_Latn/train | finepdfs | fra_Latn | 6,965 |
Francesco Lamendola
Il disprezzo per la donna
è il segno distintivo della tarda modernità
Il recentissimo "caso Ruby" ha messo in evidenza un aspetto essenziale di questa nostra tarda modernità: il profondo, rozzo, stupido disprezzo per la donna che, dalle sfere più alte delle classi dirigenti, si propaga, come fanno i cerchi prodotti dalla caduta di un sasso nell'acqua, a tutti gli ambiti della società.
Anche in questo caso, l'Italia rappresenta solo il caso emblematico di una situazione culturale largamente diffusa in tutto l'Occidente, anche se è innegabile che il nostro Paese, quel disprezzo, l'abbia teorizzato e gridato dai tetti giusto un secolo fa; e, dunque, non è un caso che proprio da noi quel fenomeno si manifesti con particolare virulenza.
Non aveva forse scritto testualmente, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, al punto nove del suo roboante «Manifesto del Futurismo», che raggiunse notorietà internazionale con la pubblicazione sul parigino «Le Figaro», il 20 febbraio 1909: «Noi vogliamo glorificare la guerra - sola igiene del mondo - il militarismo, il patriottismo, il gesto distruttore dei libertari, le belle idee per cui si muore E IL DISPREZZO DELLA DONNA»? (Il maiuscolo è nostro.)
Ecco qui: «il disprezzo della donna»; e il disprezzo della donna è arrivato, fra l'altro camuffato da emancipazione e da "progresso".
Non si tratta di fare del moralismo; poco ci importa delle abitudini sessuali private dei nostri uomini politici (anche se ci importano, e molto, quando si configurano come reati e quando forniscono un esempio deleterio di comportamento sociale), bensì di riconoscere la perfetta coerenza e la continuità del processo culturale che ci ha portati agli odierni fatti di cronaca.
La cosa più notevole, peraltro, non è che una intera categoria di maschi padroni si permetta di considerare la donna, o per dir meglio, il corpo della donna (e questa è la pornografia: la separazione della parte dal tutto) alla stregua di un giocattolo sessuale usa e getta; ma che le donne, ancora una volta, si siano dimostrate le più feroci nemiche del proprio sesso e della dignità che dovrebbe essergli da tutti riconosciuta.
Quando l'andazzo delle feste di Arcore ha gettato una luce fin troppo eloquente sulla natura dei rapporti esistenti fra il premier e il suo harem di ragazzotte, nonostante il grottesco tentativo di spacciarli come una forma di "beneficenza", ci si sarebbe potuti aspettare che scattasse una profonda reazione di indignazione da parte di tutte le donne, di ogni età e condizione e, soprattutto, di ogni credo politico.
Così non è stato: non solo ci tocca sorbirci, nei telegiornali e sulla carta stampata, le penose esibizioni di queste giovani prostitute d'altro bordo, che parlano senza pudore del loro miserabile mestiere come se fosse la cosa più normale e, magari, più elegante di questo mondo; no: dobbiamo anche assistere allo spettacolo delle donne inferocite che si lanciano in una difesa all'ultimo sangue del premier, del suo stile di vita, del suo modo di rapportarsi con le ragazze in carriera, del suo diritto di fare ciò che vuole dentro i muri delle sue ville, compreso quello di premiare le sue amiche, chiamiamole così, con poltrone nella pubblica amministrazione e nella politica, pagate fior di quattrini dai contribuenti.
E vada per le parlamentari e per le donne che hanno qualcosa da difendere nel partito del presidente del Consiglio: perché esse non provino la benché minima indignazione, anzi, semmai la provino contro i pubblici ministeri che hanno osato inquisire il loro capo, lo si capisce fin troppo bene; ma le altre? Le donne qualsiasi, tanto le giovani e giovanissime, quanto le anziane?
Due interviste sono state particolarmente scioccanti, a nostro avviso, nei giorni più caldi del "Ruby gate": quella a un gruppo di ragazzine che, imperterrite, erano andate ad ascoltare Lele Mora ad un pubblico incontro, per apprendere dal grande maestro i segreti per dare la scalata al successo; e quella di una vecchia signora fermata per la strada dai cronisti.
Le ragazzine, richieste se alle feste di Arcore, loro, ci sarebbero andate oppure no, hanno risposto in coro non solo che ci sarebbero andate, eccome, ma che si rammaricavano del fatto di non poter sfruttare una simile occasione, di non trovare il modo di essere invitate.
Che dire di questa mancanza di qualunque briciolo di dignità?
Eppure lo sapevamo: era da tempo, da anni, che le cronache ci informavano come sia ormai diffusa, fra le dodicenni e le tredicenni, la pratica di offrire la propria immagine senza veli su Internet, e magari non solo quella, in cambio di qualche euro o di qualche regaluccio da parte dei compagni di scuola; e questa, come la dobbiamo chiamare, se non prostituzione e smarrimento di ogni senso di pudore e dignità personale?
L'altra intervista era, a suo modo, ancora più impressionante. Si trattava del battibecco fra due donne non più giovani, davanti al microfono di un giornalista televisivo, l'una a favore l'altra contraria al presidente del Consiglio, per via delle sue feste a luci rose. La seconda cercava di ragionare; la prima, molto più anziana ed estremamente aggressiva, dopo aver puntato il dito contro la sua interlocutrice, fino a premerglielo contro il braccio, concludeva la sua tirata furibonda in difesa del proprio idolo con queste parole: «Ma certo che lo tornerò a votare; tornerò a votarlo cento volte!».
Un tempo non troppo lontano si diceva che la vecchiaia porta la saggezza; ma che dire di questa signora, e di tante, troppe altre come lei, le quali, dopo aver subito un quotidiano lavaggio del cervello da parte della tv spazzatura (e questo da molto prima che il Cavaliere entrasse in politica), si sono abituate a ragionare non con la loro testa, ma con quella di Vittorio Feltri, di Maurizio Belpietro e dell'ineffabile Emilio Fede?
Che dire di una signora di circa settant'anni, che, davanti allo sconcio spettacolo delle "feste", chiamiamole così, di Arcore, non sa dire altro che non c'è assolutamente niente di male, che si tratta solo di fango creato dalle "toghe rosse" per screditare il premier e che lei, appunto, tornerebbe a dargli la sua fiducia, nell'urna elettorale, non una sola volta, ma cento?
Che non trova un pensiero, una parola di biasimo per quei comportamenti, al di là della loro stessa valenza penale; che si sente fiera ed orgogliosa di continuare a sostenere un simile uomo politico, che, guarda caso, è a capo del governo di un grande Paese (ancorché umiliato e smarrito) come il nostro?
Queste "pasionarie" berlusconiane rappresentano un nuovo tipo antropologico: la donna che disprezza la donna così profondamente, da non trovare nulla da ridire sul conto degli uomini che trattano le loro amanti come pezzi di carne giovane a pagamento, né sull'ipocrisia quasi inverosimile di chi traveste quel commercio carnale sotto le vesti di "aiuto", "bontà", "solidarietà", nei confronti di "povere" fanciulle in ristrettezze economiche.
Tuttavia, come dicevamo, il male parte da lontano: parte della massificazione della società, dal capitalismo selvaggio che a tutto pone un prezzo di mercato, dal consumismo becero che riduce la donna a puro oggetto e le impone la maschera dell'eterna giovinezza, dell'eterna salute, dell'eterna appetibilità sensuale; e vi hanno contribuito la televisione, il cinema, la letteratura, la stampa periodica, persino il fumetto, i videogiochi e i cosiddetti "giochi di ruolo", senza dimenticare i giochi più tradizionali, come la bambole.
Basti pensare alle Barbie che, dietro la loro apparente innocenza, veicolano un messaggio profondamente diseducativo: quello secondo cui la donna non deve cercare di divenire sempre più se stessa (come del resto dovrebbe fare anche l'uomo), ma deve sempre adeguarsi all'immaginario sessuale maschile, il più sciocco e superficiale, fino a ridursi come una bellona plastificata e come un'oca perpetuamente sorridente.
Non disprezza la donna soltanto chi, come Marinetti, dice apertamente di disprezzarla (o magari chi lo dice, ma non lo pensa, come Nietzsche), ma anche e soprattutto chi la vede solo in una luce
pornografica, cioè come possibile spasso dei sensi; e chi, dando di essa un'immagine immiserita, parziale, volgare, le toglie ogni rispetto e ogni considerazione e la abbassa ad un ruolo di puro e semplice intrattenimento sessuale.
Mostra un sovrano disprezzo per la donna, ad esempio, l'uomo (e la donna) che non sa lodare in lei che la giovinezza e la bellezza provocante; chi non nutre alcun senso di ammirazione per la donna matura, alcun senso di rispetto per la donna ammalata, alcun senso di solidarietà e umana simpatia per la donna povera e sola.
In breve, mostrano un sommo disprezzo per la donna tutti coloro i quali non sanno porsi davanti a lei se non in termini di eccitazione sessuale, né sanno eccitarsi se non per le giovanissime con un fisico da supermodelle; tutti coloro i quali non sanno vedere nella donna anche una possibile amica, una possibile compagna e una possibile sorella: che non sanno provare per lei anche il rispetto dovuto ad una figlia, se molto giovane, o ad una madre, se anziana.
Faremmo fatica, sfogliando tutta la letteratura del Novecento, a trovare un vero senso di rispetto per la donna ed una ammirazione verso di essa, che non nasca solo e unicamente dal desiderio sessuale, ma che scaturisca dal riconoscimento delle sue qualità o potenzialità interiori, dalle sue doti di grazia, intelligenza, cultura, onestà e, soprattutto, bontà.
Vanno di moda le donne vampiro o le donne guerriere, le donne assassine o le donne in carriera; le donne che sono femminilmente amiche e compagne dell'uomo, invece, riscuotono scarse simpatie, sia da parte dei signori maschi, che da parte delle loro parenti, delle loro amiche, delle loro colleghe di lavoro. Pur di piacere all'uomo, ci sono tante, troppe donne che non esiterebbero a pugnalare alle spalle la loro sorella, la loro madre, la loro amica del cuore.
Naturalmente, le donne mature sono gettate nella pattumiera degli oggetti inservibili; oppure tentano disperatamente di scimmiottare le loro figlie e le loro nipotine, per non sentirsi del tutto disprezzate e messe in disparte.
Crudele è lo sguardo dell'uomo che osserva la donna matura, non più sessualmente appetibile; crudele e terribilmente volgare. E, nel delineare un atteggiamento ampiamente diffuso a livello sociale, la letteratura di genere, il tascabile che si legge in treno o in corriera, è un indizio ancora più significativo del romanzo o del racconto dello scrittore importante.
Prendiamo un poliziesco qualsiasi, per esempio «Il delitto non invecchia» del giallista statunitense Ross Macdonal (pseudonimo di Kenneth Millar, 1915-83), creatore del personaggio dell'investigatore Lew Archer e considerato uno dei più significativi autori del genere "hard boiled" (titolo originale: «The Chill», 1964; traduzione italiana nella collana "I rapidi" della Mondadori, 1967, p. 16); vi incontriamo questa fugace immagine:
«Lo trovarono: un uomo esile e vivace che portava una grossa macchina fotografica appesa al collo. Tra i costumi da bagno e i colorati indumenti da spiaggia, il suo vestito scuro gli dava un'aria da impresario di pompe funebri. Stava scattando alcune fotografie molto spontanee di una donna sulla cinquantina dentro un bikini dal quale traboccava. Il suo ombelico guardava con aria truce l'obiettivo, come un'orbita senz'occhio.
Quando ebbe finito il suo orribile lavoro, il fotografo si rivolse ad Alex con un sorriso. "Salve. Come sta vostra moglie?".»
Come nel caso di quella vecchia signora intervistata dal giornalista televisivo a proposito del "Ruby gate", questa comparsa nel corso di un romanzo di oltre trecento pagine, che occupa appena tre o quattro righe, è, a nostro avviso, più eloquente di un personaggio importante, di un protagonista che riempie interi capitoli di un libro: perché è nelle piccole cose e nelle situazioni fugaci che si rivela la verità delle cose, senza finzioni e senza orpelli.
Del resto, Manzoni (e, prima di lui, Dante ed Omero) ce lo hanno bene insegnato: non occorrono molte parole per creare un personaggio indimenticabile; Pia dei Tolomei occupa appena due terzine della «Commedia» e la madre di Cecilia, ne «I promessi sposi» , non più d'una paginetta: ma chi le ha più potute scordare, dopo averle incontrare nelle proprie letture?
Ebbene, il disprezzo per quella anonima signora cinquantenne in costume da bagno, che traspare dalla crudele e beffarda descrizione di Ross Macdonald, è pari soltanto alla sua misoginia: in essa si concentrano tutta la stupidità e l'insensibilità maschile per la donna non più giovane e non più piacente, ossia non più appetibile come oggetto sessuale.
Quella carne che trabocca dal bikini è, da parte dello scrittore, un tocco di puro sadismo; la definizione di "orribile lavoro" per l'atto del fotografo da spiaggia che la sta ritraendo, è più brutale di uno schiaffo assestato in pieno viso.
E perché mai l'ombelico di quella donna viene paragonato ad un'orbita senz'occhio che fissa con aria truce l'obiettivo, se non per sfregio e per crudele derisione? Forse che avrebbe descritto così l'ombelico di una ragazza giovane e snella?
Che tristezza, gli uomini che sanno giudicare le donne solo dall'apparenza esteriore.
E che tristezza, le donne che non solidarizzano mai con le altre donne, ma sanno solo denigrarle e parteggiare per l'uomo, anche quando quest'ultimo assume il ruolo più turpe… | <urn:uuid:8b58b506-1819-48a3-8747-9a277fc79998> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ita_Latn/train | finepdfs | ita_Latn | 13,502 |
Love the Guest Rev. Nicole Farley First Presbyterian Church of Waukesha
December 2, 2012
Jeremiah 33:14-16
14 The days are surely coming, says the Lord, when I will fulfill the promise I made to the house of Israel and the house of Judah. 15 In those days and at that time I will cause a righteous Branch to spring up for David; and he shall execute justice and righteousness in the land. 16 In those days Judah will be saved and Jerusalem will live in safety. And this is the name by which it will be called: 'The Lord is our righteousness.'
Luke 21:25-36
25 'There will be signs in the sun, the moon, and the stars, and on the earth distress among nations confused by the roaring of the sea and the waves. 26 People will faint from fear and foreboding of what is coming upon the world, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken. 27 Then they will see "the Son of Man coming in a cloud" with power and great glory. 28 Now when these things begin to take place, stand up and raise your heads, because your redemption is drawing near.'
29 Then he told them a parable: 'Look at the fig tree and all the trees; 30 as soon as they sprout leaves you can see for yourselves and know that summer is already near. 31 So also, when you see these things taking place, you know that the kingdom of God is near. 32 Truly I tell you, this generation will not pass away until all things have taken place. 33 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away.
34 'Be on guard so that your hearts are not weighed down with dissipation and drunkenness and the worries of this life, and that day does not catch you unexpectedly, 35 like a trap. For it will come upon all who live on the face of the whole earth. 36 Be alert at all times, praying that you may have the strength to escape all these things that will take place, and to stand before the Son of Man.'
"People, look east. The time is near." "The days are surely coming, says the Lord." "Stand up and raise your heads, because your redemption is drawing near." Advent, which begins today, means "coming." Surely our readings reflect that. And not just the birth of the baby Jesus, the first coming, the incarnation, but also the second coming, Jesus' return. The language Jesus uses to point to his return is no less than apocalyptic, with nature colluding with God's plans to serve as a portent for Christ's return. Such language is reminiscent of the language of the book of Revelation. We might wonder where a sentence like "Be alert at all time, praying that you may have the strength to escape all these things that will take place, and to stand before the Son of Man" could possibly fit in on this first Sunday of Advent our joyful preparation of the infant who is God, who is love, who is our salvation. If you've been joining the Wednesday Bible Study lately, you likely will not be surprised to hear that these are words of hope, just as is the book of Revelation.
Revelation is filled with visions of horrible endings of all manners but they are not the central message, the central action. Their increasingly troubling, even horrifying, situations set the stage for the central action – only when things have gotten to their worst will God intervene, vanquishing evil for
good, for God's power is greater than evil's greatest power. Because God's power is so great, even evil at its worst is no match for God. Thus the central message of Revelation is not one of despair but one of hope. God is on our side; any evil, any ill, any sorrow which befalls us, even at its worst, is no match for God. The scenes of Revelation should not be fear-inducing, but joy-inspiring. Redemption includes judgment but it is judgment by a loving God. So it is with the redemption of which Jesus speaks in our reading from Luke.
Love the guest is on the way. "The Son of Man coming in a cloud" is no other than Love the guest. This Advent, Love is coming. Despite all else going on around us, Love is coming! Love is the guest whose arrival we count down on our calendars. Love is the guest for whom we ready our homes. Love is the guest for whom our hearts quiver with excitement. Love coming does not undo all else that is going on but all else becomes bearable when colored with Love's presence.
Even with Love, or maybe because of Love, we cannot ignore all else that is going on. You know how aware you are of your own challenges and problems. You're aware of the challenges and problems of people you know. Even if you don't watch the news, you can't help but have a peripheral understanding of challenges and problems in the world. And the more aware you are, well, sometimes the sadder you are. Sometimes you see the world out of balance, with more sorrow than joy, and by a wide margin. Sometimes you wonder how this can be if God is a loving God. Sometimes you lose hope. Sometimes you despair.
Professor and theologian Jennifer Ryan Ayres says of our despair, "While despair is among the most human of human conditions, it cannot be fully understood apart from its theological implications." She says, "In a number of his writings, Reinhold Niebuhr associated despair with our failed attempts to procure security for ourselves, optimistically pretending that we are not subject to the vicissitudes of creaturelieness." 1 Have you ever tried to procure security for yourself? For someone you love? Or even someone you just met? Ayres continues, "Despair is characterized primarily by the conspicuous absence of theological hope. Humans meet despair when they cannot imagine God's promised alternative future." 2
The message of Jeremiah and the message of Jesus through Luke is that God is loving, that God is love, that God is righteous. Pastor Deb Block, from Immanuel Presbyterian in Milwaukee, defines this righteousness as the "humble ethic of living toward others in just and loving relationships." 3 There is much about which to be despairing but just as God's power is greater than that of evil, so, too, can our hope in God be greater than our despair in the world. Ayres says, "Trusting in God's provision for us in
1 Feasting on the Word: Year C, Volume 1, p. 4.
3 Feasting on the Word: Year C, Volume 1, p. 6.
2 Ibid.
the past, we imagine what shape God's fulfillment of promises will take in the future. Although we do not bring about God's intended alternative future through sheer force of will, in our waiting we do try to place ourselves in a posture so that we might become partners with God in the advent of a new reality." 4 In the coming of a new reality, we have hope, just as Jesus directs: "Be on guard so that your hearts are not weighed down with…the worries of this life." Have hope, for your God is greater than your worries. There's a phrase going around the Internet that puts it this way: Don't tell God how big your problem is; tell your problem how big your God is.
Long before the Internet, Tertullian, one of the early fathers of our faith, offered such reassurance this way: "The kingdom of God, beloved brethren, is beginning to be at hand; the reward of life, and the rejoicing of eternal salvation, and the perpetual gladness and possession lately lost of paradise, are now coming, with the passing away of the world; already heavenly things are taking the place of earthly, and great things of small, and eternal things of things that fade away. What room is there here for anxiety and solicitude?" 5 What room indeed. Love the guest is on the way. We are not immune to the trials and tribulations of life, just as much as Christ was not, the Christ who we remember had his birth in a stable, the Christ whose birth was the beginning of the end of the sorrows of this life, whose birth set in motion our hope in God's final and complete conquering of any and every trial and tribulation. Love the guest is on the way so make your house as fair as you are able, swept clean of the worries of this life. Trim the hearth. We have already set the table. Love the guest is on the way! Sing today! Love the guest is on the way!
Let us pray: God, guide us toward humility that we might give our faith in ourselves over to you in favor of a greater faith in you, we pray. Amen.
4 Ibid.
5 Feasting on the Word: Year C, Volume 1, p. 24. | <urn:uuid:ff2d1455-356c-4e08-bbfe-ebc03ae7baa0> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 8,295 |
Simulation reduction of the Ising model to general matchings
Mark Huber\textsuperscript{†} \quad Jenny Law\textsuperscript{‡}
Abstract
A distribution is tractable if it is possible to approximately sample from the distribution in polynomial time. Here the ferromagnetic Ising model with unidirectional magnetic field is shown to be reducible to a standard distribution on matchings that is tractable. This provides an alternate method to the original Jerrum and Sinclair approach to show that the Ising distribution itself is tractable. Previous reductions of the Ising model to perfect matchings on different graphs exist, but these older distributions are not tractable. Also, the older reductions did not consider an external magnetic field, while the new reduction explicitly includes such a field. The new reduction also helps to explain why the idea of canonical paths is so useful in approximately sampling from both problems. In addition, the reduction allows any algorithm for matchings to immediately be applied to the Ising model. For instance, this immediately yields a fully polynomial time approximation scheme for the Ising model on a bounded degree graph with magnetization bounded away from 0, merely by invoking an existing algorithm for matchings.
Keywords: Monte Carlo; simulation reduction; canonical paths; fpras.
AMS MSC 2010: 60C05; 65C05; 82B20.
Submitted to EJP on January 20, 2011, final version accepted on April 13, 2012.
1 Introduction
All problems in NP are reducible in polynomial time to an NP-complete problem, illustrating the difficulty of the NP-complete problem. In a similar fashion, it is often possible to reduce the problem of sampling from a distribution to sampling from a different distribution.
Given a set of problem instances $\Sigma^*$, a simulation problem is a map from $a \in \Sigma^*$ to a finite state space $\Omega_a$ and probability measure $\pi_a$ where all subsets of $\Omega_a$ are measurable. A simulation algorithm is a randomized algorithm $G$ that takes instances $a \in \Sigma^*$ and has output $X \sim \pi_a$.
Informally, a simulation reduction is an algorithm that takes a draw for one simulation problem, and uses it to construct a draw for a different simulation problem.
\textsuperscript{*}Supported by the National Science Foundation CAREER grant DMS-0548153.
\textsuperscript{†}Claremont McKenna College, USA. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
\textsuperscript{‡}Duke University, USA. E-mail: email@example.com
To be more precise, consider two simulation problems, $f$ with instance space $\Sigma_f^*$, and $g$ with instance space $\Sigma_g^*$. Then a \textit{simulation reduction} from $f$ to $g$ is a map $\mathcal{A}$ that takes problem instance $b \in \Sigma_f^*$ and returns $a \in \Sigma_g^*$ and $\phi : \Omega_a \to \Omega_b$ with the property that if $Y \sim \pi_a$, then $\phi(Y) \sim \pi_b$. Write $f \leq_{SR} g$ if such a simulation reduction exists. Of course, such a simulation reduction is only useful if $\phi$ is a quickly computable function, and if it is easy to simulate $Y$ from $\pi_a$.
In many cases it is not possible to draw $Y$ exactly from $\pi_a$, often only an approximate sampling method is available. This is the case when dealing with Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. One way of measuring how close the distribution of $Y$ is to $\pi_a$ (and the method used throughout this paper) is by total variation distance, defined as follows for finite $\Omega$:
\begin{equation}
d_{TV}(\tau, \pi) = \max_{A \subseteq \Omega} |\tau(A) - \pi(A)|.
\end{equation}
The next lemma states that a simulation reduction applied to an approximate sample (as measured by total variation distance) returns samples that are approximate to the target distribution at the same level of approximation.
\textbf{Lemma 1.1.} Let $\phi : \Omega_a \to \Omega_b$ be a map such that for $Y \sim \pi_a$, $\phi(Y) \sim \pi_b$. Now let $Y' \sim \pi'_a$, where $d_{TV}(\pi_a, \pi'_a) \leq \epsilon$, and let $\pi'_b$ be the distribution of $\phi(Y')$. Then $d_{TV}(\pi'_b, \pi_b) \leq \epsilon$ as well.
\textbf{Proof.} Let $B \subseteq \Omega_b$, $Y' \sim \pi'_a$, $Y \sim \pi_a$ and let $\pi'_b$ be the distribution of $\phi(Y')$. Then
$$\pi'_b(B) = P(\phi(Y') \in B) = P(Y' \in \phi^{-1}(B)) = \pi'_a(\phi^{-1}(B)),$$
where $\phi^{-1}$ is the usual preimage operator defined as $\phi^{-1}(B) = \{y : \phi(y) \in B\}$. Also,
$$\pi_b(B) = P(\phi(Y) \in B) = P(Y \in \phi^{-1}(B)) = \pi_a(\phi^{-1}(B)).$$
Hence
$$|\pi_b(B) - \pi'_b(B)| = |\pi_a(\phi^{-1}(B)) - \pi'_a(\phi^{-1}(B))| \leq \epsilon.$$
\hfill \Box
The main result of this paper states that the subgraphs version of the Ising model is simulation reducible to the simulation problem of drawing matchings in a graph in such a way as to give a new polynomial time algorithm for approximately sampling from the Ising model. This links work of Jerrum and Sinclair on Markov chains for matchings [6] and the Ising model [7]. The problems considered here are defined as follows.
\textbf{Name.} SPINS \hspace{0.5cm} (Spins version of Ising model.)
\textbf{Instance.} A graph $G = (V,E)$ together with weights $V : E \to (-\infty, \infty)$ and $B : V \to (-\infty, \infty)$.
\textbf{Distribution.} The state space is $\{-1, 1\}^V$ with probability distribution
$$\pi_{\text{spins}}(x) = \left[ \prod_{\{i,j\} \in E} \exp(V(i,j)x(i)x(j)) \right] \left[ \prod_{v \in V} \exp(B(i)x(i)) \right] / Z_{\text{spins}}.$$
The $V(i,j)$ measure the strength of interaction between nodes, while the $B(i)$ measures the external magnetic field of the problem. When $B(i) \geq 0$, say that the magnetic field is unidirectional. When $V(i,j) \geq 0$, say that the model is ferromagnetic. The problem of a ferromagnetic unidirectional Ising model shall be denoted FUIS. The high temperature expansion of the ferromagnetic unidirectional Ising model was originally suggested by van der Waerden [16]. The state space of this problem is $\{0, 1\}^E$, so each
edge is assigned either a 1 or a 0 in a configuration. The following notation will be useful:
\[
\deg(i) = \#\{j : \{i, j\} \in E\}, \quad \deg_x(i) = \sum_{j : \{i, j\} \in E} x(\{i, j\})
\]
so \( \deg(i) \) is the number of edges adjacent to \( i \) in the graph, and for a configuration \( x \), \( \deg_x(i) \) is the number of edges adjacent to \( i \) that are assigned the value 1 in the configuration. The form given here for the high temperature expansion follows [7]:
**Name.** HTEIS (High temperature expansion of ferromagnetic Ising model with unidirectional magnetic field.)
**Instance.** A graph \( G = (V, E) \) together with edge weights \( \lambda : E \to [0, 1] \) and node weights \( \mu : V \to [0, \infty) \).
**Distribution.** The state space is \( \{0, 1\}^E \) with probability distribution
\[
\pi_{\text{hte}}(x) = \left[ \prod_{e : x(e) = 1} \lambda(e) \right] \left[ \prod_{i : \deg_x(i) \text{ is odd}} \mu(i) \right] / Z_{\text{hte}}.
\]
Several subproblems of HTEIS will be given their own names. In the special case that the input graph \( G = (V, E) \) has maximum degree 3, refer to the problem as HTEISDEG3. In the case that \( \mu(i) = 0 \) for all \( i \) (no external magnetic field) the problem is HTEISNOMAG. And if both the maximum degree of the graph is 3 and there is no magnetic field, call the problem HTEISDEG3NOMAG.
Suppose that HTEIS has as input the same graph as FUIS, for all \( e \in E \), \( \lambda(e) = \tanh V(e) \), and for all \( i \in V \), \( \mu(i) = \tanh B(i) \). Then Newell and Montroll [13] showed that
\[
Z_{\text{spins}} = Z_{\text{hte}} 2^{\#V} \left[ \prod_{e \in E} \cosh V(e) \right] \left[ \prod_{i \in V} \cosh B(i) \right].
\]
The high temperature expansion was the form of the Ising model used by Jerrum and Sinclair [7] in their approximation algorithm for \( Z_{\text{spins}} \). In [5], simulation reductions from HTEIS to FUIS and from FUIS to HTEIS are presented. These are linear time reductions.
The state space \( \{0, 1\}^E \) can be viewed as encoding a subset of edges of the graph where \( x(e) = 1 \) denotes membership in the subset, and \( x(e) = 0 \) means it is out. An edge \( e \) with \( x(e) = 1 \) will be referred to as on, while an edge \( e \) with \( x(e) = 0 \) is off. The next problem of perfect matchings is similar in that the state space is essentially a subset of edges of the graph—here chosen so that every node is adjacent to exactly one edge. That is, every node is adjacent to exactly one on edge. As with HTEIS, the weight of the edges is the product of the weights of the individual edges in the set.
**Name.** PMATCH (Perfect matchings of a graph.)
**Instance.** A graph \( G = (V, E) \) together with edge weights \( \lambda : E \to [0, \infty) \) where there exists \( E' \subseteq E \) such that \( \prod_{e \in E'} \lambda(e) > 0 \) and every node in \( V \) is adjacent to exactly one edge of \( E' \).
**Distribution.** The state space is \( \{0, 1\}^E \) with probability distribution
\[
\pi_{\text{hte}}(x) = \left[ \prod_{e : x(e) = 1} \lambda(e) \right] \left[ \prod_{i \in V} 1(\deg_x(i) = 1) \right] / Z_{\text{pmatch}},
\]
where \( 1(\text{expression}) \) is the indicator function that evaluates to 1 if the expression is true and evaluates to 0 otherwise. As usual, the product over an empty set is taken to be 1.
Given a nonnegative symmetric matrix $A$ with an even number of rows, the value of $Z_{\text{pmatch}}$ for the graph with $A$ as its adjacency matrix is called the \textit{hafnian} of $A$, a term introduced by Caianiello [2]. PMATCH is known in the physics literature as the \textit{dimer problem}. In the \textit{monomer-dimer problem}, the subset of edges has at most one edge adjacent to each edge, yielding the following distribution on matchings.
**Name.** MATCH (Matchings of a graph.)
**Instance.** A graph $G = (V, E)$ together with edge weights $\lambda : E \to [0, \infty)$ where there exists $E' \subseteq E$ such that $\prod_{e \in E'} \lambda(e) > 0$ and every node in $V$ is adjacent to at most one edge of $E'$.
**Distribution.** The state space is $\{0, 1\}^E$ with probability distribution
$$\pi_{\text{hte}}(x) = \left[ \prod_{e : x(e) = 1} \lambda(e) \right] \left[ \prod_{i \in V} 1(\deg_x(i) \leq 1) \right] / Z_{\text{pmatch}}.$$
**Earlier work** A reduction from HTEIS to PMATCH in the special case where $\mu(i) = 0$ for all $i$ appears in [3]. This reduction built upon an earlier reduction in [12] (pp. 125–147), and shows how the Ising model with no external magnetic field can be reduced to sampling from perfect matchings on a graph linear in size of the original. Unfortunately, the edge weights for the new distribution could be very large, and it is unknown how to sample effectively from PMATCH for such weights. The goal in the work in [3] was not a simulation reduction, but rather to use knowledge of the combinatorics of perfect matchings to better understand the Ising model on planar graphs. Therefore, the key issue in [3] was that the new graph be planar whenever the original was. The issue for the new work presented here is how quickly the new distribution can be used to generate samples from the old.
In [7], Jerrum and Sinclair showed that a particular Markov chain on HTEIS was rapidly mixing, thereby yielding the first method for approximately sampling from this distribution in polynomial time. However, to this date no one has discovered a polynomial time method for sampling from the perfect matchings distribution on general graphs with large weights. Therefore, in an algorithmic sense the reduction in [3] is unhelpful, as the problem the Ising model was reduced to is more difficult.
In this work we present algorithms that reduce HTEIS to PMATCH and HTEIS to MATCH. The HTEIS to MATCH reduction takes advantage of the unidirectional external magnetic field, and the weights associated with edges are polynomial in the weights assigned the original problem. The result is that the new distribution can be approximately sampled from in polynomial time, that is, it provides an alternate means of showing that the ferromagnetic Ising model is tractable.
The chain of Jerrum and Sinclair was the first method for showing the Ising model is tractable [7] and they also presented a chain for the matchings problem that shows it is tractable for small edge weights [6]. Both analyses relied on using the idea of conductance to find the mixing time. The reductions presented here give some idea of why conductance should work well for both the matchings problem and the Ising model, since the high temperature Ising expansion can be effectively viewed as a special instance of the matchings distribution.
Our main result reduces the ferromagnetic Ising model with unidirectional external magnetic field simulation problem to the matchings simulation problem. That is,
**Theorem 1.2.** $HTEIS \leq_{SR} MATCH$. Using algorithms for approximate sampling from MATCH together with the reduction gives an
$$O((\#E)^2 \max_i [(deg(i) - 2)/\mu(i)]^4 [\#E + \ln(\epsilon^{-1})])$$
algorithm for sampling within total variation distance $\epsilon$ from HTEIS.
The proof is given at the end of Section 4. An algorithm that generates output within total variation distance $\epsilon$ of the target in time polynomial in the problem instance size and $\ln(\epsilon^{-1})$ is called a fully polynomial approximate sampling scheme, or FPASS [10]. The reduction presented here gives an alternate FPASS for HTEIS than the original given by Jerrum and Sinclair in [7].
For families of distributions of the form $\pi(x) = w(x)/Z$, where the $w(x)$ are easily computable functions and the normalizing constant $Z$ is often difficult to find exactly, it is well known that the ability to approximately sample from a family of distributions that are self-reducible gives a means to approximate $Z$ (see [9, 15].) On the other hand, the ability to approximate $Z$ across problem instances also gives the ability to approximately sample from $\pi$. The result is that a simulation reduction such as given above not only links the ability to generate samples, but also links the ability to approximate the partition function for HTEIS with that of MATCH.
The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In the next section results on the time to stationary for Markov chain approaches to approximately sampling from HTEIS, PMATCH, and MATCH are discussed. Section 3 shows how HTEIS can be reduced to HTEISDEG3. Section 4 then gives our reduction from HTEISDEG3NOMAG to PMATCH and from HTEISDEG3 to MATCH. Section 5 then shows some applications of the reductions.
2 Approximately sampling HTEIS and MATCH with Markov chains
In this section, work on approximately sampling from HTEIS and MATCH using Markov chains is presented. Defining the total variation distance between two distributions as in equation (1.1), the mixing time of a finite state space ergodic Markov chain can be defined as, starting in state $x$, the number of steps necessary for the total variation distance from the stationary distribution to be at most $\epsilon$. That is, for ergodic Markov chain $\mathcal{M}$ with state space $\Omega$ and stationary distribution $\pi$, the mixing time starting from state $x$ is
$$\tau_{\mathcal{M}}(x, \epsilon) := \min\{t : d_{TV}(\mathcal{L}(X_t | X_0 = x)), \pi) \leq \epsilon\},$$
where $\mathcal{L}(X_t | X_0 = x)$ is the distribution of $X_t$ given that the chain began in state $x$.
In [8] it is shown that a Markov chain for MATCH satisfies:
$$\tau_{\text{match}}(x, \epsilon) \leq 4(\#E)(\#V)\lambda'^2 \left[(\ln \#E)\#E + \ln (\epsilon^{-1})\right], \quad \lambda' = \max \left\{1, \max_{e \in E} \lambda(e)\right\}. \quad (2.1)$$
[Equation (2.1) is a slight modification of Proposition 12.4 of [8]. The $\lambda'$ has been replaced with $\lambda'^2$, since the argument in [8] which reduced the $\lambda'^2$ in [6] to $\lambda'$ is flawed.]
In fact, by choosing the starting state to be $x^*$, the matching of maximum weight (accomplished in $O(\#V^3)$ time with Hungarian algorithm variants [14]), the mixing time can be slightly improved to
$$\tau_{\text{match}}(x^*, \epsilon) \leq 4(\#E)(\#V)\lambda'^2 \left[(\ln 2)\#E + \ln (\epsilon^{-1})\right], \quad \lambda' = \max \left\{1, \max_{e \in E} \lambda(e)\right\}. \quad (2.2)$$
In [7], Jerrum and Sinclair created a Markov chain for HTEIS and bounded the mixing time analytically when $\mu > 0$. Using results from the proof of Theorem 7 of [7] together with Proposition 12.1 of [8], the mixing time for the Jerrum-Sinclair Markov chain for HTEIS starting at $x^*$, the state where every edge is 0, satisfies
$$\tau_{\text{hte}}(x^*, \epsilon) \leq 2(\#E)^2 \max_i \mu(i)^{-4} \left[\#E \ln 2 + \ln (\epsilon^{-1})\right]. \quad (2.3)$$
3 Reducing HTEIS to maximum degree 3
All of the reductions presented here have the same form. Given distribution $\pi$ on $\Omega$ and $\pi'$ on $\Omega'$, present a function $\phi$ (not necessarily 1-1) such that $X' \sim \pi'$ implies $\phi(X') \sim \pi$. The following easy lemma gives a simple condition for $\phi$ that guarantees this result.
**Lemma 3.1.** Suppose that $\pi(x) = w(x)/Z$ is a distribution over $\Omega$ while $\pi'(x) = w'(x)/Z'$ is a distribution over $\Omega'$. Here $Z = \sum_{x \in \Omega} w(x)$ and $Z' = \sum_{x \in \Omega'} w'(x)$ are the appropriate normalizing constants. Suppose $\phi : \Omega' \to \Omega$ is a function that satisfies for all $x \in \Omega$,
$$\sum_{x' : \phi(x') = x} w'(x') = Cw(x), \tag{3.1}$$
where $C$ is a constant. Then if $X' \sim \pi'$ and $X = \phi(X')$, then $X \sim \pi$.
**Proof.** Fix $x \in \Omega$, and note
$$P(X = x) = \sum_{x' \in \phi^{-1}(\{x\})} P(X' = x') = \sum_{x' : \phi(x') = x} w'(x')/Z' = Cw(x)/Z'.$$
Note $\sum_{x \in \Omega} P(X = x) = 1$, so $\sum_{x \in \Omega} Cw(x)/Z' = CZ/Z' = 1$. Hence $C/Z' = 1/Z$, and $P(X = x) = w(x)/Z$ as desired. □
The important feature of the condition in (3.1) is that it only relies on the weight function $w(x)$ (which are typically easy to compute) and not on the partition functions (which are usually difficult to compute.)
Throughout the rest of this work assume that the graph $G$ is connected: otherwise the weight functions for all our problems factor into the weights over connected components. This means that each connected component could be treated separately.
**Reduction for subgraphs to maximum degree 3 with no magnetic field**
As an example of how to apply this lemma, consider a reduction from [3] where it is shown how to reduce subgraph Ising from a graph with degree at least three to a graph where every degree is at most 3 when the $\mu(i)$ are identically 0.
**Lemma 3.2.** [3] HTEISNOMAG$\leq_{SR}$HTEISDEG3NOMAG. If the input to HTEISNOMAG is $G = (V, E)$, then the input $G' = (V', E')$ to HTEISDEG3NOMAG satisfies $\#V' \leq 2\#E$ and $\#E' \leq 3\#E - \#V$.
**Proof.** The construction is as follows. Consider a graph $G = (V, E)$ with node $i$ adjacent to $j_1, \ldots, j_k$, where $k = \deg(i) > 3$. Build a new graph $G' = (V', E')$ with the same nodes and edges as the original, except the node $i$ is split into 2 nodes $i_1$ and $i_2$. For all $a \in \{1, \ldots, k - 2\}$, connect $i_1$ to $j_a$, and set $\lambda(\{i_1, j_a\}) = \lambda(\{i, j_a\})$. Then connect $i_2$ to $j_{k-1}$ and $j_k$, and set $\lambda(\{i_2, j_a\}) = \lambda(\{i, j_a\})$ for $a \in \{k - 1, k\}$.
Finally, add edge $\{i_1, i_2\}$ with edge weight 1. See Figure 1 for an illustration.
Then $\phi$ maps as follows. For any edge $e$ that is in both $G$ and $G'$, let $[\phi(x')](e) = x'(e)$. Otherwise, let $[\phi(x')](\{i, j_a\}) = x'(\{i_b, j_a\})$ where $b$ is either 1 or 2 as appropriate. Now to check the conditions of Lemma 3.1.
Fix $x \in \{0, 1\}^E$, and consider which $x' \in \{0, 1\}^{E'}$ map into $x$ under $\phi$. Since $i$ has even degree, then either both $i_1$ and $i_2$ have even degree or both have odd degree before edge $\{i_1, i_2\}$ is considered. If both $i_1$ and $i_2$ have even degree then $x'(\{i_1, i_2\})$ must be 0, and if both have odd degree then $x'(\{i_1, i_2\})$ must be 1. So for any $x$, there is exactly one $x'$ such that $\phi(x') = x$.
The weights of all the edges $E$ are the same in $E'$, and the weights of the extra edge in $E'$ is 1, so $w'(x') = w(\phi(x')) = w(x)$, and Lemma 3.1 is trivially satisfied. Note that the degree of $i_1$ is $k - 1$, and the degree of $i_2 = 3$. The node $i_1$ can be split over and over again, continuing until the maximum degree of the graph is 3.
Now look at how many nodes and edges are in the new graph $G'$. Suppose that in one splitting operation we move from $G$ to $G_1$ which has exactly one more node and edge than $G'$. This means
$$\sum_{i \in G_1} \max\{\deg(i) - 3, 0\} = -1 + \sum_{i \in G} \max\{\deg(i) - 3, 0\}.$$
Repeating this step $\sum_{i \in G} \max\{\deg(i) - 3, 0\}$ times yields a graph $G'$ with $\sum_{i \in G} \max\{\deg(i) - 3, 0\} = 0$, so every node must have maximum degree 3.
This sum can be written as:
$$\sum_{i \in G: \deg(i) \geq 3} (\deg(i) - 3) \leq \sum_{i \in G: \deg(i) \geq 1} (\deg(i) - 1) = 2\#E - \#V.$$
Hence the number of nodes in $G'$ is at most $\#V + 2\#E - \#V = 2\#E$, and the number of edges is at most $\#E + 2\#E - \#V = 3\#E - \#V$.
**Reduction for subgraphs to maximum degree 3 with magnetic field**
Now we extend the reduction in [3] to nodes with an external magnetic field.
**Lemma 3.3.** HTEIS$\leq_{SR}$HTEISDEG3. If the input to HTEIS is $G = (V, E)$, then the input $G' = (V', E')$ to HTEISDEG3 satisfies $\#V' \leq 2\#E$ and $\#E' \leq 3\#E - \#V$.
**Proof.** For graph $G = (V, E)$, split node $i$ of degree $k$ into two nodes $i_1$ and $i_2$ as in HTEISNOMAG$\leq_{SR}$HTEISDEG3NOMAG, and consider the same map $\phi$.
Let $x$ be a configuration in $G$. Then there are two configurations $x'$ that map to $x$ under $\phi$: one with $x'(\{i_1, i_2\}) = 1$, and one with $x'(\{i_1, i_2\}) = 0$. To check Lemma 3.1, it is necessary to consider different cases, based on the number of edges adjacent to $i_1$ and $i_2$.
To deal with these cases, observe that
$$\deg_{x'}(i_1) + \deg_{x'}(i_2) + x'(\{i_1, i_2\}) = \deg_x(i) \mod 2.$$
So if $\deg_x(i)$ is odd, then one choice of $x'(\{i_1, i_2\})$ makes $\deg_{x'}(i_1)$ odd and $\deg_{x'}(i_2)$ even, and the other choice of $x'(\{i_1, i_2\})$ makes $\deg_{x'}(i_1)$ even and $\deg_{x'}(i_2)$ odd. Hence
$$\sum_{x': \phi(x') = x} \frac{w(x')}{w(x)} = \frac{\mu(i_1)}{\mu(i)} + \frac{\mu(i_2)}{\mu(i)}.$$
If $\deg_{x'}(i)$ is even, then one value of $x'(\{i_1, i_2\})$ makes both $\deg_{x'}(i_1)$ and $\deg_{x'}(i_2)$ odd, and the other value makes both $\deg_{x'}(i_1)$ and $\deg_{x'}(i_2)$ even. In this case
$$\sum_{x': \phi(x') = x} \frac{w(x')}{w(x)} = \frac{\mu(i_1)\mu(i_2)}{1} + \frac{1}{1};$$
To apply Lemma 3.1, these must equal the same constant, that is:
$$1 + \mu(i_1)\mu(i_2) = \frac{\mu(i_2) + \mu(i_1)}{\mu(i)} = C.$$ (3.2)
There are an infinite number of solutions to this equation for nonzero $\mu(i)$. Since $\mu(i) = \tanh(B(i)) \in [0, 1)$, setting $\alpha = (1 + \mu)/(1 - \mu)$ means that $\mu(i) = [\alpha - 1]/[\alpha + 1]$. Note that if $\alpha_1\alpha_2 = \alpha$, then
$$\mu(i_2) = \frac{\alpha_2 - 1}{\alpha_2 + 1}, \quad \mu(i_1) = \frac{\alpha_1 - 1}{\alpha_1 + 1}$$
is a solution to (3.2) where $C = 2[\alpha_1\alpha_2 + 1]/[(\alpha_1 + 1)(\alpha_2 + 1)]^{-1}$.
Now repeat the process for $i_2$, breaking it into $i_2$ with degree 3 and $i_3$. Continue until you have nodes $i_1, \ldots, i_{\deg(i)-2}$. Then to have a valid set of $\mu(i_\ell)$, use
$$\mu(i_\ell) = \frac{\alpha_\ell - 1}{\alpha_\ell + 1}, \text{where } \prod_\ell \alpha_\ell = \alpha.$$
The simplest choice is to make $\alpha_\ell = \alpha^{(\deg(i)-2)^{-1}}$ for all $\ell$. The bound on the number of nodes and edges in the new graph is the same as the no magnetic field case. □
The downside of this construction is that the magnetic field is smaller at each of the duplicated nodes (unless $\mu(i)$ was 0 or 1 to begin with.) The next lemma shows that the new $\mu$ vector is not too much smaller than the old.
**Lemma 3.4.** In the construction for an HTEISDEG3 problem given in the proof of the previous lemma, the magnetic field of a new node $i_\ell$ in $G'$ coming from node $i$ in $G$ is bounded below by $\mu(i)/(\deg(i) - 2)$.
**Proof.** Let $f^{-1}(a) = (1 + a)/(1 - a)$. Then $f(b) = (b - 1)/(b + 1)$, $\alpha = f^{-1}(\mu)$ and the new value of $\mu(i_\ell)$ is $f(\alpha^{1/(\deg(i)-2)})$. Therefore, to show the result it suffices to show that
$$(\forall \alpha \geq 1)(\forall \gamma \in [0, 1])(f(\alpha^\gamma) \geq f(\alpha)\gamma),$$ (3.3)
an unsurprising property to have since $2f(b)$ is a good approximation to $\ln(b)$ near $b = 1$.
Since $f(1) = 0$, property (3.3) holds at $\gamma = 0$. So by the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, for all $\gamma \geq 0$ and $\alpha \geq 1$:
$$f(\alpha^\gamma) \geq f(\alpha)\gamma \Leftarrow \frac{df(\alpha^\gamma)}{d\alpha} \geq \frac{df(\alpha)}{d\alpha}\gamma$$
$$\iff \gamma \alpha^{\gamma-1} f'(\alpha^\gamma) \geq \gamma f'(\alpha)$$
$$\iff \alpha^{\gamma-1} \cdot \frac{2}{(\alpha^\gamma + 1)^2} \geq \frac{2}{(\alpha + 1)^2}$$
$$\iff \alpha^{1-\gamma}(\alpha^{2\gamma} + 2\alpha^\gamma + 1) \leq \alpha^2 + 2\alpha + 1$$
$$\iff 0 \leq \alpha^2 - \alpha^{1+\gamma} - \alpha^{1-\gamma} + 1$$
$$\iff 0 \leq (\alpha^{1+\gamma} - 1)(\alpha^{1-\gamma} - 1).$$
Both factors in the right hand side of the last inequality are nonnegative for $\alpha \geq 1$ and $\gamma \in [0, 1]$, which completes the proof. □
This means that the $\mu(i)$ have not been reduced too much. Furthermore, if $\mu(i)$ becomes too small by falling below $\#V^{-1}$ it can be replaced by $\#V^{-1}$ without drastically changing the distribution. The following procedure makes this notion precise.
For all $i \in V$, set $\mu'(i) = \max\{\mu(i), \#V^{-1}\}$. Let $X$ be a draw from HTEIS with external magnetic field $\mu'$. Then with probability $\prod_{i : \deg_X(i) \text{ is odd}} (\mu(i)/\mu'(i))$, accept $X$ as a draw from HTEIS with input $\mu$. Otherwise, reject and draw $X$ again. Repeat until acceptance occurs.
The expected number of draws needed by the algorithm will be $Z_{\text{spins}}(\mu')/Z_{\text{spins}}(\mu)$ (see for instance [4]) which is bounded by the following Lemma.
**Lemma 3.5.** For $\#V \geq 2$, the above acceptance rejection algorithm accepts with probability at least $1/4$.
**Proof.** Recall that $\mu(i) = \tanh B(i)$, and define $B'(i)$ so that $\tanh B'(i) = \mu'(i) = \#V^{-1}$. Then from (1.3)
$$\frac{Z_{\text{hte}}(\mu)}{Z_{\text{hte}}(\mu')} = \frac{Z_{\text{spins}}(B)}{Z_{\text{spins}}(B')} \prod_{i \in V} \frac{\cosh(B(i))}{\cosh(B'(i))}$$
Now $\cosh(B(i)) \geq 1$, and each term in $Z_{\text{spins}}(B')$ is larger than each term in $Z_{\text{spins}}(B)$ by a factor of at most $\prod_{i \in V} \exp(B'(i))$. Hence
$$\frac{Z_{\text{hte}}(\mu)}{Z_{\text{hte}}(\mu')} \geq \prod_{i \in V} \frac{1}{\exp(B'(i)) \cosh(B'(i))} = \prod_{i \in V} (1 - \tanh(B'(i))) = (1 - \#V^{-1})^{\#V} \geq 1/4.$$
Therefore, an upper bound on the expected number of draws needed from HTEIS with external magnetic field $\mu'$ to obtain one draw from HTEIS with $\mu$ is 4.
### 4 Reduction of Ising to matchings and perfect matchings
We begin by reviewing the reduction of Fisher [3] showing HTEISNOMAG$\leq_{SR}$PMATCH. Since this reduction is for no external magnetic field, nodes of degree 1 must have their adjacent edge be off, and so can be removed. Each remaining edge $\{i,j\}$ in the original graph is turned into a pair of nodes $\{i_j, j_i\}$ in the new graph, with $\lambda(\{i_j, j_i\}) = 1/\lambda(\{i, j\})$.
For nodes $i$ of degree 3 with neighbors $j,k$ and $\ell$, add edges $\{i_j, i_k\}, \{i_k, i_\ell\}$ and $\{i_\ell, i_j\}$, each with weight 1. For nodes $i$ of degree 2 with neighbors $j$ and $k$, add edge $\{i_j, j_i\}$ with weight 1. Figure 2 illustrates this procedure on a six node example.
Consider a perfect matching $x'$ in the new graph and the map $[\phi_1(x')](\{i, j\}) = x'(\{i_j, j_i\})$. It is straightforward to verify that since every node is adjacent to an edge
in the perfect matching, under $\phi_1(x')$, nodes with $\text{deg}(i) = 3$ in $G$ have either 1 or 3 neighbors. Therefore the result is not a subgraphs configuration. To ensure each node had even degree, Fisher used the map $[\phi_2(x')](\{i, j\}) = 1 - x'(\{i_j, j_k\})$.
Now fix a subgraphs state $x$. There is exactly one state $x'$ with $\phi_2(x') = x$. Moreover,
$$w'(x') = \prod_{\{i_j, j_k\}} \lambda(\{i_j, j_k\})^{x'(\{i_j, j_k\})} = \prod_{\{i, j\}} [1/\lambda(\{i, j\})]^{1-x(\{i, j\})} = w(x) \prod_{\{i, j\}} \lambda(\{i, j\})^{-1}$$
Therefore Lemma 3.1 is satisfied, and the reduction is valid.
Unfortunately, $\lambda(\{i, j\})$ can be arbitrarily close to zero, making the edge weights in the new graph $\lambda(\{i_j, j_k\}) = \lambda(\{i, j\})^{-1}$ arbitrarily large.
**Reduction to perfect matchings for no external magnetic field**
Here we show that HTEISDEG3NOMAG $\leq_{SR}$ PMATCH using a new reduction that keeps edge weights smaller than Fisher. This appeared in its general form as part of the second author’s thesis [11]. As in the previous section, with magnetic field 0 nodes of degree 1 can be removed without changing the distribution.
As in [3], each edge $\{i, j\}$ in the original graph is changed to two new nodes $i_j$ and $j_i$, but now set $\lambda(\{i_j, j_k\}) = \lambda(\{i, j\})$ so that the new weights stay in $[0, 1]$.
A node $i$ of degree two with neighbors $j$ and $k$ is split into two nodes $i_j$ and $i_k$. Connect these two nodes with an edge $\{i_j, i_k\}$ of weight 1.
A node $i$ of degree three with neighbors $j$, $k$, and $\ell$ is split into four nodes: $i_j$, $i_k$, $i_\ell$, and $i'$. Connect each pair of $\{i_j, i_k, i_\ell\}$ with an edge of weight $1/3$. Connect $i'$ to each of $i_j$, $i_k$ and $i_\ell$ by an edge of weight 1. Figure 3 illustrates this procedure.
Call edges of the form $\{i_j, j_k\}$ in $G'$, where $\{i, j\}$ is an edge in $G$, an *exterior edge*. Say that $\{i, j\}$ in $G$ corresponds to edges $\{i_j, j_k\}$ in $G'$. All other edges of $G'$ are *interior edges*. When $\text{deg}(i) = 3$, break the interior edges into two sets. Call $\{i', i_j\}, \{i', i_k\}$, and $\{i', i_\ell\}$ *spoke* edges and $\{i_j, i_k\}, \{i_k, i_\ell\}$ and $\{i_\ell, i_j\}$ *wheel* edges All the spoke edges receive weight 1, while all the wheel edges receive weight $1/3$.
Let $x'$ be a perfect matching in the new graph. Then $[\phi(x')](\{i, j\}) = x'(\{i_j, j_k\})$. That is, an exterior edge gives the corresponding edge in the original graph the same value, while the values of interior edges are ignored. Note that at most one wheel and one spoke edge can be part of a perfect matching on the interior edges.
Since $i'$ must be matched to one of $\{i_\ell, i_j, i_k\}$, the maximum degree of $\phi(x')$ is 2. Also, the remaining two of $\{i_\ell, i_j, i_k\}$ are either matched to each other (making the degree of
$i$ under $\phi(x')$ equal to 0) or they are not (making the degree of $i$ under $\phi(x')$ equal to 2). Hence for any perfect matching $x'$ in $G'$ and node $i$, $\deg_{\phi(x')}(i)$ must be even. A similar argument shows that nodes with degree 2 in $G$ also have even degree under $\phi(x')$.
The next lemma shows that the conditions of Lemma 3.1 are satisfied.
**Lemma 4.1.** Under the reduction above of subgraphs Ising with maximum degree 3 and no external magnetic field to perfect matchings,
$$\sum_{x': \phi(x') = x} w(x') = w(x).$$
**Proof.** Let $x$ be a subgraphs configuration. Unlike Fisher's reduction, there is more than one $x'$ such that $\phi(x') = x$. Consider a node $i$ such that $\deg(i) = 3$. Let the neighbors of $i$ be $j$, $k$, and $\ell$. Since $\deg_x(i)$ is even, either $\deg_x(i) = 2$ or $\deg_x(i) = 0$. Begin by supposing $\deg_x(i) = 2$. Without loss of generality $x(\{i, j\}) = x(\{i, k\}) = 1$ and $x(\{i, \ell\}) = 0$. The only way that $x'$ maps to $x$ while being a perfect matching is if $x'(\{i_j, j_k\}) = x'(\{i_k, k_i\}) = x'(\{i', i_k\}) = 1$, while $x'(\{i', i_j\}) = x'(\{i', i_k\}) = 0$.
Now suppose that $\deg_x(i) = 0$. Then there are three $x'$ such that $\phi(x') = x$. It could be that $x'(\{i', i_j\}) = 1$ and $x'(\{i_k, i_k\}) = 1$, or $x'(\{i', i_k\}) = x'(\{i_j, i_\ell\}) = 1$ or $x'(\{i', i_\ell\}) = x'(\{i_j, i_k\}) = 1$. These three configurations all contribute an edge of weight 1 and one of weight $1/3$ to the weight of $x'$. So if $n_3(x)$ is the number of degree 3 nodes under $x$, there are $3^{n_3(x)}$ different $x'$ that map to $x$, but each has edge weight factors of $(1/3)^{n_3(x)}$.
Degree 2 nodes are easier: given $x$, there is exactly one choice for the edges in $x'$ that map to $x$, and this configuration always contributes a factor of 1.
Combining the degree 2 and degree 3 nodes then:
$$\sum_{x': \phi(x') = x} w'(x') = 3^{n_3(x)}(1/3)^{n_3(x)}w(x) = w(x).$$
$\square$
Now consider the size of the new graph. Each original node splits into at most 4 new nodes and creates at most 6 new edges. The previous reduction to maximum degree 3 yielded a graph with at most $2\#E$ nodes and at most $3\#E$ edges. Therefore after splitting the result has at most $8\#E$ nodes and at most $3\#E + 6(2\#E) = 15\#E$ edges.
**Reduction to matchings for nonzero magnetic field**
Here it is shown that HTEISDEG3 ≤SR MATCH. Begin by setting $\mu'(i) = \max\{\mu(i), \#V^{-1}\}$ for each $i \in V$ so that $\mu' > 0$. (Note we can use acceptance rejection as before to use samples from HTEISDEG3 with input $\mu'$ to obtain samples from HTEISDEG3 with input $\mu$.)
For degree 3 nodes, the splitting of the node into 4 nodes and 6 edges proceeds as in the previous section. For degree 2 nodes, the split is into 2 nodes with one extra edge, and degree 1 nodes stay as one node with no extra edges. The edge weights are as follows.
- Node $i$ of degree 1: $\alpha(i) = \mu(i)$,
- Node $i$ of degree 2: $\alpha(i) = \mu(i)^{-1}$, $\lambda(\{i_j, i_k\}) = \mu(i)^{-2} - 1$,
- Node $i$ of degree 3: Let $r(i)$ be the smallest nonnegative solution to the cubic equation
$$\mu(i)^2(1 + r(i))^3 = 1 + 3r(i) + 3r(i)^2.$$ \hspace{1cm} (4.1)
The spoke edges all receive weight $r(i)$. The wheel edges receive weight $r(i)^2/(1 + r(i))$, and $\alpha(i) = \mu(i)(1 + r(i))$. (When $r(i) = 0$ the left hand side of (4.1) is at least the right hand side, but as $r(i)$ goes to infinity the left hand side grows faster than the right since $\mu(i) > 0$. Hence (4.1) has a smallest nonnegative solution.)
As in the no magnetic field case, the map is just \([ \phi(x') ](\{i, j\}) = x'(\{i_j, j_i\})\).
**Lemma 4.2.** Under the reduction above of subgraphs Ising with maximum degree 3 and positive external magnetic field to matchings,
\[
\sum_{x': \phi(x') = x} w'(x') = w(x) \left[ \prod_{i: \deg(i) = 2} \mu(i)^{-2} \right] \left[ \prod_{i: \deg(i) = 3} \mu(i)(1 + r(i))^2 \right].
\]
**Proof.** Suppose \(x'\) maps to \(x\), so that all the exterior edges receive the same value. Let \(E_{\text{int}}(i) = \bigcup_{w', \{i, i_w\} \in E} \{\{i', i_w\}\}\) be the interior edges associated with node \(i\). Then
\[
w(x') = \left[ \prod_{\{i_j, j_i\} \text{ exterior}} \lambda(\{i_j, j_i\})^{x'(\{i_j, j_i\})} \right] \left[ \prod_{e \text{ interior}} \lambda(e)^{x'(e)} \right]
\]
\[
= \left[ \prod_{\{i, j\} \in E} \lambda(i, j)^{x'(\{i, j\})} \alpha(i)\alpha(j) \right] \left[ \prod_{i \in V} \prod_{e \in E_{\text{int}}(i)} \lambda(e)^{x'(e)} \right]
\]
\[
= w(x) \prod_{i \in V} \left( \mu(i)^{-1 \cdot \mathbf{1}(\deg_x(i) \text{ is odd})} \alpha(i)^{\deg_x(i)} \prod_{e \in E_{\text{int}}(i)} \lambda(e)^{x'(e)} \right).
\]
Since \(w(x)\) does not depend on \(x'\)
\[
\sum_{x': \phi(x') = x} w(x') = w(x) \sum_{\{x': \phi(x') = x\}} \prod_{i \in V} \mu(i)^{-1 \cdot \mathbf{1}(\deg_x(i) \text{ is odd})} \alpha(i)^{\deg_x(i)} \prod_{e \in E_{\text{int}}(i)} \lambda(e)^{x'(e)}.
\]
Given \(x\), let \(A(i)\) denote all the possible choices of \(x'(E_{\text{int}}(i))\) that do not violate the matching constraint on the interior edges for \(i\). With this notation, the sum in the last equation can be factored as
\[
\sum_{x': \phi(x') = x} w(x') = w(x) \prod_{i \in V} \mu(i)^{-1 \cdot \mathbf{1}(\deg_x(i) \text{ is odd})} \alpha(i)^{\deg_x(i)} \sum_{x'(E_{\text{int}}(i)) \in A(i)} \prod_{e \in E_{\text{int}}(i)} \lambda(e)^{x'(e)}.
\]
So to finish the proof, it is necessary to show
\[
\deg(i) = 2 \Rightarrow \mu(i)^{-1 \cdot \mathbf{1}(\deg_x(i) \text{ is odd})} \alpha(i)^{\deg_x(i)} \sum_{x'(E_{\text{int}}(i)) \in A(i)} \prod_{e \in E_{\text{int}}(i)} \lambda(e)^{x'(e)} = \mu(i)^{-2}
\]
(4.2)
\[
\deg(i) = 3 \Rightarrow \mu(i)^{-1 \cdot \mathbf{1}(\deg_x(i) \text{ is odd})} \alpha(i)^{\deg_x(i)} \sum_{x'(E_{\text{int}}(i)) \in A(i)} \prod_{e \in E_{\text{int}}(i)} \lambda(e)^{x'(e)} = \mu(i)(1 + r(i))^2,
\]
(4.3)
where \(r(i)\) is chosen to satisfy (4.1).
To show (4.2), begin by letting \(i\) be a node with \(\deg(i) = 2\). That means \(\alpha(i) = \mu(i)^{-1}\) and the weight of the single interior edge is \(\mu(i)^{-2} - 1\). When \(\deg_x(i) \in \{1, 2\}\) the interior edge for \(i\) must have value 0, and if \(\deg_x(i) = 0\), then there are two choices for the interior edge. That gives two terms in the sum. The following table summarizes the possibilities.
| \(\deg_x(i)\) | \(\mu(i)^{-1 \cdot \mathbf{1}(\deg_x(i) \text{ is odd})} \alpha(i)^{\deg_x(i)}\) | \(\sum_{x'(E_{\text{int}}(i)) \in A(i)} \prod_{e \in E_{\text{int}}(i)} \lambda(e)^{x'(e)}\) |
|----------------|-------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------|
| 0 | 1 | \(1 + (\mu(i)^{-2} - 1)\) |
| 1 | \(\mu(i)^{-1} \mu(i)^{-1}\) | 1 |
| 2 | \((\mu(i)^{-1})^2\) | 1 |
In all cases, the product of the last two columns is $\mu(i)^{-2}$, showing (4.2).
To show (4.3), let $i$ be a node with $\deg(i) = 3$. Then $\deg_x(i) \in \{0, 1, 2, 3\}$. Suppose $\deg_x(i) = 3$. Then every interior edge must be off in a valid matching, so $A(i)$ is a single element, which makes $\sum_{x'(E_{\text{int}}(i)) \in A(i)} \prod_{e \in E_{\text{int}}(i)} \lambda(e)^{x'(e)} = 1$.
Now suppose $\deg_x(i) = 2$. Then let $j$ and $k$ denote the neighbors of $i$ with $x(i, j) = x(i, k) = 1$, and $\ell$ the neighbor of $i$ with $x(i, \ell) = 0$. Most interior edges must be off, but $x'(i', i_\ell)$ could be either off or on. Therefore there are two elements in $A(i)$, and since $\lambda(i', i_\ell) = r(i)$, $\prod_{e \in E_{\text{int}}(i)} \lambda(e)^{x'(e)} \in \{1, \lambda(i', i_\ell)\} \in \{1, r(i)\}$. Hence
$$\sum_{x'(E_{\text{int}}(i)) \in A(i)} \prod_{e \in E_{\text{int}}(i)} \lambda(e)^{x'(e)} = 1 + r(i).$$
in this case.
Continuing, consider when $\deg_x(i) = 1$. Let $j$ be the neighbor of $i$ with $x(i, j) = 1$, and $k$ and $\ell$ be the neighbors of $i$ with $x(i, k) = x(i, \ell) = 0$. For the set $A(i)$, either no interior edges are on or exactly one interior edge is on. (If two interior edges are on, the result cannot be a matching.) If one interior edge is on, either $x'(i, i_j) = 1$, or $x'(i, i_j) = 1$, or $x'(i_j, i_k) = 1$. Therefore there are four configurations in $A(i)$ (See Figure 4.)
From the weights on the spoke and wheel edges, this gives four terms in the sum:
$$\sum_{A(i)} \prod_{E_{\text{int}}(i)} \lambda(e)^{x'(e)} = 1 + \frac{r(i)^2}{1 + r(i)} + r(i) + r(i) = \frac{1 + 3r(i) + 3r(i)^3}{1 + r(i)} = \mu(i)^2(1 + r(i))^2,$$
where the last equality follows from our choice of $r(i)$ in (4.1).
When $\deg_x(i) = 0$, there are ten different choices for the interior edges. One choice is for every interior edge to be off. Three more choices set a single spoke edge to be on, with all other edges off. Three more have a single wheel edge on, with all others off. The last three have exactly one spoke and one wheel edge on, and the rest off. Since any matching in the interior edges can have at most 1 spoke or wheel edge on, this exhausts $A(i)$. Spoke edges have weight $r(i)$, while wheel edges have weight $r(i)^2/(1 + r(i))$, so
$$\sum_{A(i)} \prod_{E_{\text{int}}(i)} \lambda(e) = 1 + 3r(i) + 3 \frac{r(i)^2}{1 + r(i)} + 3 \frac{r(i)^2 r(i)}{1 + r(i)} = 1 + 3r(i) + 3r(i)^2 = \mu(i)^2(1 + r(i))^3.$$
These results are summarized in the following table:
| $\deg_x(i)$ | $\mu(i)^{-1(\deg_x(i) \text{ is odd})}\alpha(i)^{\deg_x(i)}$ | $\sum_{x'(E_{\text{int}}(i)) \in A(i)} \prod_{e \in E_{\text{int}}(i)} \lambda(e)^{x'(e)}$ |
|-------------|-------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------|
| 0 | 1 | $\mu(i)^2(1 + r(i))^3$ |
| 1 | $\mu(i)^{-1}\mu(i)(1 + r(i))$ | $\mu(i)^2(1 + r(i))^2$ |
| 2 | $(\mu(i)(1 + r(i)))^2$ | $1 + r(i)$ |
| 3 | $\mu(i)^{-1}(\mu(i)(1 + r(i)))^3$ | 1 |
In all cases, the product of the second and third columns is $\mu(i)^2(1 + r(i))^3$, which completes the proof. $\square$
The next lemma shows the new edge weights are bounded by the product of the old weights and the inverse of the magnetic field up to a constant factor.
**Lemma 4.3.** Let \( \{i, j\} \in E \). Then
\[
\lambda(\{i_j, j_i\}) \leq 16\mu(i)^{-1}\mu(j)^{-1}\lambda(\{i, j\}).
\]
All added edges in \( E' \) associated with node \( i \) have weight at most \( 3\mu(i)^{-2} \).
**Proof.** For degree 1 and 2 nodes, it is immediate that \( \alpha(i) \leq \mu(i)^{-2} \), and the extra edge for degree 2 nodes has weight \( \mu(i)^{-2} - 1 \). For degree 3 nodes, consider equation (4.1) defining \( r(i) \). For \( \mu(i) \in (0, 1) \), the left hand side is smaller than the right hand side when \( r(i) = 0 \), and the reverse is true when \( r(i) = 3\mu(i)^{-2} - 1 \), hence the single nonnegative solution guaranteed by Descartes’ rule of signs is in \([0, 3\mu(i)^{-2}]\).
Spoke edges receive weight \( r(i) \leq 3\mu(i)^{-2} \). Wheel edges receive weight \( r(i)^2/(1 + r(i)) \leq r(i) \leq 3\mu(i)^{-2} \). Finally, consider an edge \( \{i, j\} \) of the original graph with \( \lambda(\{i_j, j_i\}) = \alpha(i)\alpha(j)\lambda(\{i, j\}) \).
For these nodes, \( \alpha(i) = \mu(i)(1 + r(i)) \leq 4\mu(i)^{-1} \). Using \( \lambda(\{i_j, j_i\} = \alpha(i)\alpha(j)\lambda(\{i, j\}) \) completes the proof. \( \square \)
The main result can now be shown.
**Proof of Theorem 1.2.** Begin by modifying \( G = (V, E) \) to \( G' = (V', E') \) by splitting nodes until the maximum degree is 3. Then \( \#V' \) and \( \#E' \) are both \( \Theta(\#E) \). The original magnetic field at node \( i \) was \( \mu(i) \), after splitting the field it is at least \( \mu(i)/(\deg(i) - 2) \).
The mixing time of the chain for matchings is \( O((\#E')^2/\#V'\lambda'^2[(\ln 2)\#E + \ln(\epsilon^{-1})]) \) (see (2.2).) From Lemma 4.3, \( \lambda' \leq 9\max_i[(\deg(i) - 2)/\mu(i)]^2 \). Hence the mixing time is just \( O((\#E)^3\max_i[(\deg(i) - 2)/\mu(i)]^4\ln(\epsilon^{-1})) \) as desired. \( \square \)
## 5 Consequences of the Ising reduction
The purpose of any reduction is so that existing methods for one problem can be immediately applied to the other. Recall the Jerrum and Sinclair chain for HTEIS on graph \( G = (V, E) \) has mixing time upper bounded by \( 2(\#E)^2(\#V)^4[(\ln 2)\#E + \ln \epsilon^{-1}] \) using the fact that \( \mu(i) < \#V^{-1} \) can be replaced by \( \#V^{-1} \) at little cost.
Combining the HTEIS\(_{\leq SR}\) HTEISDEG3 and HTEIS sd\(_{\leq SR}\)MATCH reductions created a graph \( G' = (V', E') \), where \( \#V' \leq 8\#E \) and \( \#E' \leq 15\#E \). That means \( \mu(i) \) can be taken to be at least \( 1/\#V' \geq 1/(8\#E) \).
Then Lemma 4.3 gives an upper bound on the edge weight for the matching problem of \( 16(8\#E)^2 \). Putting \( \mu(i) \geq 1/(8\#E) \), \( \#V' \leq 8\#E \) and \( \#E' \leq 15\#E \) into (2.2) means the mixing time for the matchings distribution on the new graph is at most \( 7.6 \cdot 10^9(\#E)^6[15(\ln 2)\#E + \ln \epsilon^{-1}] \). Naturally this is not intended to be a substitute for the Ising Markov chain, as direct analysis is almost always tighter than the analysis of a reduction. However, it is notable that the order of the time using the reduction to matchings is the same as that of a direct analysis of Ising for bounded degree graphs.
With the reduction, any improvements or new algorithms for simulating matchings will automatically translate into new algorithms for the subgraphs world. The reduction also provides insight into why methods such as canonical paths work for both problems: because in the reduction sense they are the same problem.
Bayati et. al. [1] have shown that for matchings in graphs of bounded degree and bounded edge weights it is possible to construct a deterministic fully polynomial time approximation scheme for computing the partition function for the set of matchings. To be precise, their result states:
**Theorem 5.1** (Theorem 2.1 of [1]). For a graph $G = (V, E)$ with edge weights $\lambda$, and $\epsilon > 0$, there exists an $\exp(\epsilon)$ approximation algorithm for $Z = \sum_{x \in \{0, 1\}^E : x \text{ a matching}} \prod_{e : x(e) = 1} \lambda(e)$ that runs in time $O(n/\epsilon)^{\kappa \log \Delta + 1}$, where $\Delta$ is the maximum degree of the graph, $\lambda = \max_e \lambda(e)$ and $\kappa = -2/\log(1 - 2/[(1 + \lambda \Delta)^{1/2} + 1])$.
For Ising, let $\Delta_G$ be the maximum degree of $G$ and $\mu_{lo}$ the minimum magnetic field. After the reduction $\Delta_{G'} = 3$, the minimum magnetic field is at least $\mu_{lo}/(\Delta_G - 2)$, and $\lambda \leq 9 \max_i (\Delta_G - 2)^2 \mu_{lo}^{-2}$. This makes $\kappa$ approximately $3\sqrt{3}(\Delta_G - 2) \max_i \mu(i)^{-1}$.
Given the relationship between the partition function for subgraphs and matchings implied by the simulation reduction and the well-known relationship between the subgraphs world partition function and the Ising partition function (see [7]), this immediately gives a deterministic fully polynomial approximation scheme for the partition function of the Ising model for bounded degree graphs with magnetic field bounded away from 0. (Note that the Jerrum and Sinclair method only gives a randomized approximation scheme.)
**References**
[1] M. Bayati, D. Gamarnik, D. Katz, C. Nair, and P. Tetali, *Simple deterministic approximation algorithms for counting matchings*, STOC’07—Proceedings of the 39th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, New York, 2007, pp. 122–127. MR-2402435
[2] E. R. Caianiello, *Combinatorics and renormalization in quantum field theory*, W. A. Benjamin, Inc., Reading, Mass.-London-Amsterdam, 1973, Frontiers in Physics. MR-0464973
[3] M.E. Fisher, *On the dimer solution of planar Ising models*, J. of Math. Phys. **7** (1966), 1776–1781.
[4] G. S. Fishman, *Monte Carlo*, Springer Series in Operations Research, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1996, Concepts, algorithms, and applications. MR-1392474
[5] M. Huber, *Simulation reductions for the Ising model*, J. Stat. Theory Pract., to appear.
[6] M. Jerrum and A. Sinclair, *Approximating the permanent*, SIAM J. Comput. **18** (1989), no. 6, 1149–1178. MR-1025467
[7] --------, *Polynomial-time approximation algorithms for the Ising model*, SIAM J. Comput. **22** (1993), no. 5, 1087–1116. MR-1237164
[8] M. Jerrum and A. Sinclair, *The Markov chain Monte Carlo method: An approach to approximate counting and integration*, pp. 482–520, PWS, 1996.
[9] M. R. Jerrum, L. G. Valiant, and V. V. Vazirani, *Random generation of combinatorial structures from a uniform distribution*, Theoret. Comput. Sci. **43** (1986), no. 2-3, 169–188. MR-855970
[10] R. Karp, *Approximate counting and sampling [lecture notes]*, Recorded by Alexandre Bouchard-Côté, http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~karp/greatalgo/lecture16.pdf.
[11] W. J. Law, *Approximately counting perfect and general matchings in bipartite and general graphs*, ProQuest LLC, Ann Arbor, MI, 2009, Thesis (Ph.D.)–Duke University. MR-2712989
[12] E. Montroll, *Lattice statistics*, Applied Combinatorial Mathematics, U. of California Engineering and Physical Sciences Extension Series, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1964.
[13] G. F. Newell and E. W. Montroll, *On the theory of the Ising model of ferromagnetism*, Rev. Modern Physics **25** (1953), 353–389. MR-0056511
[14] C. H. Papadimitriou and K. Steiglitz, *Combinatorial optimization: algorithms and complexity*, Dover Publications Inc., Mineola, NY, 1998, Corrected reprint of the 1982 original. MR-1637890
[15] Alistair Sinclair, *Algorithms for random generation and counting*, Progress in Theoretical Computer Science, Birkhäuser Boston Inc., Boston, MA, 1993, A Markov chain approach. MR-1201590
[16] B. L. van der Waerden, *Die lange Reichweite der regelmäßigen Atomanordnung in Mischkristallen*, Z. Physik **118** (1941), 473–488. | <urn:uuid:9b98a6f5-7a25-4763-9284-90c6b73f389b> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 49,585 |
Közép-Tisza-vidéki Környezetvédelmi, Természetvédelmi és Vízügyi Felügyelőség
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Közép-Tisza-vidéki Környezetvédelmi, Természetvédelmi és Vízügyi Felügyelőséghez beérkezett előzetes vizsgálatról [314/2005. (XII. 25.) Korm. rendelet]
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Az érintettek a tervekbe, illetve az ügy egyéb irataiba betekinthetnek a Közép-Tisza-vidéki Környezetvédelmi, Természetvédelmi és Vízügyi Felügyelőségnél [továbbiakban: Felügyelőség], az ügyben eljáró ügyintézőnél ügyfélfogadási időben, valamint az érintett település jegyzőjénél:
Az ügyben eljáró ügyintéz
1. A Felügyelőség a kérelembe és az előzetes vizsgálati dokumentációba, a tárgyalásról készült jegyzőkönyvbe, az írásban megkapott szakhatósági állásfoglalásokba és az általa kért szakértői véleményekbe való betekintést – a benyújtásukat, rendelkezésre állásukat követő, illetve a tárgyalást követő nyolc napon belül – lehetővé teszi.
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2. Érintett település jegyzőjénél, (Tiszapüspöki Község Jegyzője: 5211 Tiszapüspöki, Fő út 93.) az ott megjelölt módon és időben.
A telepítés helyével kapcsolatos kizáró okokra, a környezeti hatásvizsgálat szükségességére, tartalmára vonatkozóan ezen közlemény megjelenését követő 21 napon belül közvetlenül a Felügyelőséghez észrevételt lehet tenni.
Az ügyben a Felügyelőség döntése az alábbiakra vonatkozhatnak:
− felmerült-e kizáró ok a kérelemben foglalt tevékenységre vonatkozóan,
2
− a tevékenységből származhatnak-e jelentős környezeti hatások, ettől függően a tevékenység környezeti hatásvizsgálat köteles-e vagy nem,
A közigazgatási hatósági eljárás és szolgáltatás általános szabályairól szóló 2004. évi CXL. törvény 29. § (5) bekezdése alapján az eljárásról – fentieken túl – az alábbi tájékoztatást adom:
2./ az eljárás megindításának napja: 2012. augusztus 14.
1./ az ügy jellege: kérelemre indított eljárás
3./ az adott ügyfajtára irányadó ügyintézési határidő: 45 nap
a) a hatásköri vagy illetékességi vita egyeztetésének, valamint az eljáró hatóság kijelölésének időtartama,
A Ket. 33. § (3) bekezdése alapján az ügyintézési határidőbe nem számít be:
b) a jogsegélyeljárás időtartama, továbbá a 36. § (2) bekezdése alapján adatnak a nyilvántartásból történő beszerzéséhez szükséges idő,
d) a szakhatóság eljárásának időtartama,
c) a hiánypótlásra, illetve a tényállás tisztázásához szükséges adatok közlésére irányuló felhívástól az annak teljesítéséig terjedő idő,
e) az eljárás felfüggesztésének időtartama,
ő
g) a hatóság működését legalább egy teljes napra ellehetetlenítő üzemzavar vagy más elháríthatatlan esemény időtartama,
f)
a 70. § (1) bekezdésében szabályozott eljárás id tartama,
h) a kérelem, a döntés és egyéb irat fordításához szükséges idő,
k) a hatósági megkeresés vagy a döntés postára adásának napjától annak kézbesítéséig terjedő időtartam, valamint a hirdetményi, továbbá a kézbesítési meghatalmazott és a kézbesítési ügygondnok útján történő közlés időtartama.
j) a szakértői vélemény elkészítésének időtartama,
Az ügyfél az eljárás során nyilatkozatot tehet, vagy a nyilatkozattételt megtagadhatja.
− a döntés tervezetébe,
Az ügyfél az eljárás bármely szakaszában betekinthet az eljárás során keletkezett iratokba személyesen, illetve képviselője útján. Nem lehet betekinteni:
− az olyan iratba, amelyből következtetés vonható le annak a személynek a kilétére, akire vonatkozóan a hatóság a természetes személyazonosító adatok és a lakcím zárt kezelését rendelte el,
− az egyéb védett adatot tartalmazó iratba, ha azt az érintett adat védelmét szabályozó törvény kizárja, vagy ha a védett adat megismerésének hiánya nem akadályozza az iratbetekintésre jogosult személyt törvényben biztosított jogai gyakorlásában.
− felhasználói vagy megismerési engedély hiányában a minősített adatot tartalmazó iratba, | <urn:uuid:dc8ffe93-d9c3-4da9-94f3-2079f5aebcef> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/hun_Latn/train | finepdfs | hun_Latn | 4,627 |
21. Revoca del contributo e recupero delle somme erogate
Il contributo è revocato interamente a seguito di rinuncia da parte del beneficiario e nei seguenti casi:
1. in caso di varianti superiori al 10% del costo totale dell'investimento non autorizzate, se il progetto non risponda ai requisiti per i quali è stato ammesso, e se la spesa sostenuta, senza la variante, sia inferiore all'80% del totale del progetto;
2. per coefficiente di realizzazione inferiore al limite stabilito;
3. per non raggiungimento dei punteggi assegnati in fase di verifica finale;
4. per la mancata realizzazione del progetto d'investimento entro i termini previsti al punto 14;
5. per difformità dal progetto o per effetto di esito negativo dei controlli;
6. nei casi di violazione dei vincoli di destinazione e di alienazione come previsti dal precedente punto 21.
In tali casi si procederà, previa intimazione rivolta ai sensi delle norme vigenti, alla revoca totale del contributo ed al recupero delle somme eventualmente liquidate, anche attraverso la decurtazione da somme dovute ai beneficiari per effetto di altri strumenti normativi.
La revoca parziale del contributo è prevista nei casi in cui non venga rispettato il vincolo di alienazione e di destinazione previsto dal precedente punto 20. In particolare, nei casi di revoca parziale, il contributo viene revocato per gli anni interi, corrispondenti al periodo di mancato impegno.
Anche in questo casi è possibile la compensazione con le somme dovute ai beneficiari per effetto di altri strumenti normativi.
Le somme da restituire/recuperare, a qualsiasi titolo, verranno gravate degli interessi legali calcolati a partire da 10 giorni dalla data del mandato di pagamento fino alla data di effettiva restituzione dell'importo.
Il termine previsto per la restituzione di somme, a qualsiasi titolo dovute, è fissato in 30 giorni dalla data di ricevimento del provvedimento con il quale si dispone la restituzione stessa.
Decorso inutilmente tale termine sarà dato corso alla fase di esecuzione forzata previa iscrizione a ruolo degli importi dovuti.
Eventuali ulteriori responsabilità civili e/o penali saranno denunciate alle Autorità competenti secondo quanto previsto dalle norme vigenti. | <urn:uuid:14cdbcaa-ef9c-4b18-ab5f-9d1f4496188b> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ita_Latn/train | finepdfs | ita_Latn | 2,241 |
Dopo l'articolo 10, inserire il seguente:
Articolo 10 bis
(Incentivi all'opzione per la trasmissione telematica delle fatture o dei relativi dati e dei corrispettivi)
1. All'articolo 3, comma 1, del decreto legislativo 5 agosto 2015, n. 127, dopo la lettera d) è aggiunta la seguente:
"d-bis) per il versamento dell'acconto Iva dovuto per le liquidazioni periodiche di chiusura dell'ultimo mese o dell'ultimo trimestre dell'anno, previsto dall’articolo 6
della legge 29 dicembre 1990, n. 405, i contribuenti possono compensare gli importi a debito con i crediti non prescritti, certi, liquidi ed esigibili, per somministrazione,
forniture, appalti e servizi, anche professionali, maturati nei confronti della pubblica amministrazione e certificati.”
2. Con decreto del Ministro dell'economia e delle finanze, da emanare entro novanta giorni dall'entrata in vigore della presente legge, sono stabilite le modalità applicative di quanto previsto dal comma 1.
3. I soggetti passivi che hanno esercitato l'opzione di cui all'articolo 1 comma 3, del decreto legislativo 5 agosto 2015, n. 127, trasmettono i dati di tutte le fatture, emesse e ricevute, e delle relative variazioni, entro l'ultimo giorno del secondo mese successivo ad ogni semestre.
Mucci
Palladino
1
Dopo l'articolo 10, inserire il seguente:
Articolo 10 bis
(Modalità di trasmissione telematica delle fatture o dei relativi dati e dei corrispettivi)
1. I soggetti passivi che hanno esercitato l'opzione di cui all'articolo 1 comma 3, del decreto legislativo 5 agosto 2015, n. 127, trasmettono i dati di tutte le fatture, emesse e ricevute, e delle relative variazioni, entro l'ultimo giorno del secondo mese successivo ad ogni semestre.
Mucci
Palladino
MOTIVAZIONE
L'emendamento ha la finalità di aiutare i lavoratori autonomi, trasparenti con il fisco, che si trovano a esigere crediti certificati dalla pubblica amministrazione per le proprie prestazioni e, nel contempo, ad anticipare allo Stato l'Iva dovuta.
Appare ad oggi evidente una spiacevole contraddizione: in tempi di forti difficoltà economiche si chiedono versamenti puntuali al professionista di quanto dovuto, ma dall'altra si effettuano pagamenti in ritardo per le prestazioni svolte dal professionista per conto della pubblica amministrazione. Si parla anche di cifre molto importanti, che, in alcuni casi, hanno decretato fallimenti o chiusure di talune attività.
Il professionista, per adempiere a quanto richiesto, deve infatti anticipare il costo di eventuali materie prime, del personale e altre spese correnti, che si aggiungono ai pagamenti delle imposte dovute, rinunciando quindi a risorse che potrebbero essere investite nella propria attività.
In particolare si propone di inserire due agevolazioni, consistenti nella possibilità di compensare l'acconto Iva con i crediti nei confronti delle p.a. e nell'invio semestrale delle fatture, nell'ambito del regime premiale opzionale che prevede la trasmissione telematica all'Agenzia delle entrate di tutte le fatture previsto dall'articolo 1, comma 3, del D.Lgs. n. 127 del 2015.
Con tale modifica si otterrebbe anche il risultato di differenziare meglio tale regime opzionale da quello ordinario, introdotto dal D.L. n. 193 del 2016 (art. 4: nuovo spesometro).
Inoltre, le recenti norme introdotte in materia di fatturazione elettronica e utilizzo del sistema di interscambio di Sogei, anche per il B2B, rendono sempre più immediate la comunicazione e la verifica dei crediti che tali professionisti hanno maturato nei confronti delle p.a.
All'articolo 12, aggiungere in fine il seguente comma:
1bis). Il comma 1 dell'articolo 67 del testo unico delle disposizioni legislative in materia di tutela e sostegno della maternità e della paternità, di cui al decreto legislativo 26 marzo 2001, n. 151, è sostituito dal seguente:
«1. L'indennità di cui all'articolo 66 è corrisposta indipendentemente dall'effettiva astensione dall'attività e viene erogata dall'INPS a seguito di apposita domanda in carta libera, corredata di un certificato medico rilasciato dall'azienda sanitaria locale competente per territorio, attestante la data di inizio della gravidanza e quella presunta del parto, ovvero dell'interruzione della gravidanza spontanea o volontaria, ai sensi della legge 22 maggio 1978, n. 194».
Mucci
Palladino
MOTIVAZIONE
Il sostegno alla partecipazione delle donne al lavoro è presupposto fondamentale per la crescita civile e democratica del Paese, nonché strumento essenziale per la crescita e per la competitività del nostro sistema produttivo.
La normativa a tutela della maternità è la cartina tornasole dell'attuazione concreta del principio delle pari opportunità.
Non si può infatti negare che la maternità costituisce la piena realizzazione della femminilità, ma al contempo pone le lavoratrici in una posizione svantaggiata rispetto ai loro colleghi uomini.
Non è infrequente che, parlando con le lavoratrici che hanno figli, le stesse riferiscano che il loro periodo di maternità ha comportato, oltre che la perdita o la diminuzione consistente del portafoglio clienti, enormi difficoltà nel conciliare i tempi di vita con quelli di lavoro.
È facile intuire quale grave impatto abbia questa perdita alla luce di un fenomeno tutto italiano: le famiglie nelle quali lavorano solo le donne. Secondo il Rapporto 2015 dell'Istituto nazionale di statistica sono quasi due milioni e mezzo i nuclei familiari che si sostengono solo grazie al lavoro delle donne: il 12,9 per cento del totale. Per capire la portata del fenomeno vale la pena ricordare che si tratta di settecentomila nuclei in più rispetto al 2008, periodo in cui l'occupazione femminile era pari al 9,6 per cento.
Questa proposta di legge, composta da un solo articolo, prevede esplicitamente, al comma 1, che le lavoratrici autonome percepiscano l'indennità di maternità indipendentemente dall'effettiva astensione dall'attività di lavoro in tale periodo, considerando il fatto che, per una categoria di lavoratrici particolare come quella delle autonome, può diventare necessario effettuare sporadiche prestazioni anche durante il periodo della maternità, al fine di non perdere clienti e commesse.
Sarebbe poco lungimirante non considerare tale necessità, con imposizioni che rendono ancora più difficoltoso per la lavoratrice svolgere la propria attività assicurando stabilità e senso di responsabilità per il proprio lavoro.
Dopo l'articolo 5, inserire il seguente:
«Art. 5-bis.
(Delega al Governo in materia di definizione dei criteri e parametri per il calcolo dei costi delle prestazioni di carattere professionale)
1. Nei casi di conferimento di incarichi a professionisti iscritti agli Ordini e Collegi soggetti alla vigilanza del Ministro della giustizia, allo scopo di fornire alla committenza privata strumenti di orientamento e di supporto mediante la definizione di standard prestazionali minimi dei relativi parametri di costo, il Governo, su proposta del Ministro della giustizia, sentiti, nel termine di sessanta giorni dalla ricezione della proposta, l'Autorità garante per la concorrenza e il mercato e gli Ordini e Collegi professionali interessati, è delegato ad adottare, entro il termine di sei mesi dalla data di entrata in vigore della presente legge, uno o più decreti legislativi, nel rispetto dei seguenti principi e criteri direttivi e in coerenza con la pertinente normativa dell'Unione europea:
a) individuazione del contenuto delle principali prestazioni di carattere professionale in rapporto a standard qualitativi predeterminati;
b) definizione di criteri e parametri obiettivi per il calcolo dei costi delle prestazioni di cui alla lettera a);
c) accettazione su base volontaria dei criteri e parametri di calcolo dei costi delle prestazioni di cui alla lettera a) nei rapporti tra il professionista e il cliente;
d) garanzia dell'osservanza dei principi di libertà di concorrenza e parità di trattamento tra professionisti».
Mucci
Palladino
Dopo l'articolo 9 aggiungere il seguente:
9-bis
(Tariffe professionali nei rapporti con la pubblica amministrazione)
1. Entro sei mesi dalla data di entrata in vigore della presente legge, in via sperimentale per gli anni 2018-2020, l'Agenzia per la rappresentanza negoziale nelle pubbliche amministrazioni individua, sentite le rappresentanze del lavoro autonomo professionale, i livelli minimi e massimi dei compensi professionali, in relazione a specifiche categorie di attività, a cui le pubbliche amministrazioni possono fare riferimento nei rapporti contrattuali che instaurano con soggetti esercenti attività professionali.
2. Il riconoscimento da parte di una pubblica amministrazione di compensi professionali non ricadenti entro i limiti stabiliti ai sensi del comma 1 non costituisce, in ogni caso, motivo di illegittimità dell'atto amministrativo.
Mucci
Palladino
MOTIVAZIONE
In coincidenza con il rinnovo del contratto dei dipendenti della pubblica amministrazione, si chiede all'Aran di individuare, con il supporto delle principali rappresentanze del lavoro autonomo professionale, dei parametri standard per la definizione dei compensi nei rapporti dei professionisti con la pubblica amministrazione. Si propone l'individuazione per alcune principali prestazioni, da identificare per ciascuna professione, di un range che da un lato individui dei minimi (che rappresenterebbero anche degli standard minimi di qualità per le amministrazioni pubbliche, in coerenza con lo spirito del nuovo codice degli appalti) e dall'altro lato dei massimi, in un'ottica di standardizzazione e controllo e della spesa pubblica. In questo modo si fornirebbe un aiuto ai decisori di spesa, non sempre in grado di conoscere il valore delle prestazioni consulenziali che acquistano sul mercato. Come effetto indotto, in parte, i compensi della pubblica amministrazione potrebbero assurgere (spontaneamente e senza alcun obbligo, solo per "osmosi") a benchmark anche per il settore privato. | <urn:uuid:8d51b456-9e9b-4f6c-9e3a-1f16bf3adef8> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ita_Latn/train | finepdfs | ita_Latn | 9,975 |
1/23/2019
CFP TOIT SI - Google Docs
Call for Papers - ACM Transactions on Internet Technology - a Special Issue on Evolution of IoT Networking Architectures
http://toit.acm.org/announcements.cfm
Special Section Editors
Rute C. Sofia COPELABS, University Lusófona email@example.com
Eve M. Schooler Intel firstname.lastname@example.org
Chris Winkler Siemens AG email@example.com
Dirk Kutscher University Emden/Leer firstname.lastname@example.org
Important Deadlines
*Submissions: 30.06.2019 ●First decisions:15.10.2019
*Revisions: 30.11.2019 ●Final decisions: 31.01.2020
*Final (Camera-ready): 30.02.2020
*Publication date: 05.2020
Submission Instructions Refer to
http://toit.acm.org/submission.html
Please select "Special Issue on Evolution of IoT Networking Architectures" in the TOIT Manuscript Central Website
ACM TOIT Editor-in-Chief
Professor Ling Liu Department of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology email@example.com
To support the sheer number of entities connecting to the Internet of Things (IoT) , emerging IoT networks must support the stewardship of large amounts of data, in-network and in-flight computation/AI, distributed storage, and rich queries. While today's IoT uses standard IP-based messaging, its shortcomings have led to proposed extensions for constrained environment operation, publish-subscribe middleware, data-centric routing, among other technologies. This special issue aims to present the most leading-edge research on:
* Next-generation IoT network architecture & protocols , including improved support for QoS/QoE, increased mobility, streaming media, and integrated security; a path from client/server centralized models to a fully distributed comms architecture; edge data producer disruption.
* Cross-layer design , enabling real-time & near-real-time data delivery and synchronization; support for efficient multi-party communication; collective behaviors (e.g., crowd sensing, crowdsourcing, resource federation); impacting low-power design; the wireless & mobile edge.
* Novel approaches to Edge networking for IoT, such as distribution & orchestration of network functions to best support data processing and aggregation; seamless interoperation of static and mobile edge infrastructure & devices; resilience and dynamic adaptation; data caching and migration; autonomous operation vs opportunistic connectivity; the proliferation and peering of "edges".
* IoT communication interoperability , such as proposals to articulate in a distributed and self-organizing way communication between different communication protocols; support for a large variety of heterogeneous and constrained devices; discovery & directory services
* Network measurement & performance , to assist in understanding, exposing and comparing the performance of current IoT resources, infrastructure and protocols in a variety of scenarios, including industrial & consumer IoT.
* IoT Privacy, security and trust challenges , including data security, user privacy, distributed trust models, attestation, privacy- and policy-preservation, encrypted search, access control and policy management.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OQ_oyr00FrSxSENVjr1ixwzd4Kcq34jVdBYQ1uasbTQ/edit#
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COUR EUROPÉENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
FIRST SECTION
(as composed before 1 April 2006)
CASE OF RUSSIAN CONSERVATIVE PARTY OF ENTREPRENEURS AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
(Applications nos. 55066/00 and 55638/00)
JUDGMENT
STRASBOURG
11 January 2007
11/04/2007
This judgment will become final in the circumstances set out in Article 44 § 2 of the Convention. It may be subject to editorial revision.
1
In the case of the Russian Conservative Party of Entrepreneurs and Others v. Russia,
The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting as a Chamber composed of:
Mr C.L. ROZAKIS, President,
Mr P. LORENZEN,
Mrs N. VAJIĆ,
Mrs S. BOTOUCHAROVA,
Mr A. KOVLER,
Mrs E. STEINER,
Mr K. HAJIYEV, judges, and Mr S. N IELSEN , Section Registrar ,
Having deliberated in private on 7 December 2006,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1. The case originated in two applications (nos. 55066/00 and 55638/00) against the Russian Federation lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ("the Convention") by the Russian Conservative Party of Entrepreneurs ("the applicant party") and two Russian nationals, Mr Aleksandr Anatolyevich Zhukov ("the second applicant") and Mr Viktor Sergeyevich Vasilyev ("the third applicant"), on 8 and 22 February 2000.
2. The applicants were represented before the Court by Mr M. Toporkov, the chairman of the applicant party, and Mr P. Sklyarov, the head of its legal department. The Russian Government ("the Government") were represented by Mr P. Laptev, Representative of the Russian Federation at the European Court of Human Rights.
3. The applicants alleged a violation of the applicant party's and the second applicant's right to stand for election and a violation of the third applicant's right to cast his vote for the party of his choice. The applicant party also complained about the domestic authorities' refusal to return the election deposit. Finally, all the applicants complained that they had had no effective remedy in respect of the alleged violations of their rights.
4. The applications were allocated to the First Section of the Court (Rule 52 § 1 of the Rules of Court). Within that Section, the Chamber that would consider the case (Article 27 § 1 of the Convention) was constituted as provided in Rule 26 § 1.
5. On 3 April 2003 the Chamber decided to join the applications (Rule 42 § 1).
6. By decision of 18 March 2004, the Court declared the applications admissible.
7. The applicants and the Government filed observations on the merits (Rule 59 § 1). The applicants submitted their comments on the Government's observations.
THE FACTS
I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE
8. The applicant party, the Russian Conservative Party of Entrepreneurs (Российская консервативная партия предпринимателей), is a nationwide political party established under the laws of the Russian Federation.
The second applicant, Mr Aleksandr Anatolyevich Zhukov, was born in 1949 and lives in Smolensk. He stood as one of the applicant party's candidates for the 1999 elections to the State Duma.
The third applicant, Mr Viktor Sergeyevich Vasilyev, was born in 1959 and lives in Moscow. He was a supporter of the applicant party.
A. Participation in the 1999 elections to the State Duma
1. Registration of the applicant party for election
9. On 24 September 1999 the applicant party nominated 151 candidates for the elections to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the lower chamber of the Russian bicameral parliament.
10. On 15 October 1999 the Central Electoral Commission of the Russian Federation (Центральная избирательная комиссия РФ – "the CEC") confirmed receipt of the applicant party's list of candidates. The applicant party paid the election deposit.
11. On 3 November 1999 the CEC refused to register the applicant party's list, with reference to sections 24(1), 47 (6) (d), 51 (11) and 91 (2) of the Elections Act. The CEC established that seventeen candidates had submitted substantially inaccurate information about their income and property and struck them off the list. One of them was the number two candidate on the list. On that ground the CEC decided:
"2. To refuse the registration of the federal list of candidates to the State Duma of the Russian Federation nominated by [the applicant party] because of the withdrawal [выбытие] of the candidate listed as number two in the nationwide section of the accepted federal list of candidates."
2. Judicial proceedings concerning the applicant party's complaint
12. The applicant party appealed to a court against the CEC's refusal to register it.
13. On 10 November 1999 the Civil Division of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, acting as a first-instance court, upheld the CEC's decision to remove from the list the candidates who had made false representations, but declared unlawful the CEC's refusal to register the list in its entirety. The court interpreted the term "withdrawal" in section 51(11) of the Elections Act as meaning only a candidate's voluntary withdrawal of his or her own free will. The court therefore held that the provision should not apply to a situation where one of the top three candidates had been struck off the list by the CEC.
14. The CEC appealed against that judgment. The applicant party submitted its observations on the CEC's grounds of appeal.
15. On 22 November 1999 the Appeals Division of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation upheld the judgment of 10 November 1999. The court thoroughly analysed the wording of the Elections Act and agreed that the word "withdrawal" in section 51(11) of the Act should only refer to situations where the candidate's name had been taken off the list of the candidate's own free will or at the request of the candidate's electoral union.
16. On the same date the CEC allowed the registration of the applicant party's list of candidates.
3. Supervisory-review proceedings and quashing of earlier judgments
17. On 26 November 1999 a deputy Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation lodged an application for supervisory review with the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The prosecutor argued that "withdrawal" was a generic term which applied to any situation where a candidate was struck off the list, be it the expression of will of the candidate himself, of his electoral union, or of the CEC. Hence a candidate's exclusion as a result of the CEC's decision should count as "withdrawal" and thus render section 51(11) of the Elections Act applicable.
18. On 8 December 1999 the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation granted the application for supervisory review and quashed the judgment of 22 November 1999. The court followed the line of reasoning suggested by the deputy Prosecutor General. The court emphasised that the exclusion of a candidate from the list as a result of the CEC's decision was only a specific instance of "withdrawal" and that the CEC's refusal to register the list had therefore been lawful.
19. On 9 December 1999 the CEC annulled its earlier decisions, refused the registration of the applicant party's list and ordered the applicant party's name to be removed from the ballot papers. The applicant party appealed against the CEC's decision to the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
On 18 December 1999 the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dismissed the applicant party's complaint. The court found that pursuant to the judgment of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the CEC had no discretion in the matter and it was obliged as a matter of law to refuse the registration of the applicant party's list.
20. On 19 December 1999 the elections to the State Duma took place. The applicant party was not listed in the voting papers.
4. Ruling no. 7-P of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
21. On 25 April 2000 the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, acting on an application by a group of Russian MPs, declared unconstitutional the part of section 51(11) of the Elections Act which provided for the refusal or cancellation of a party's registration in the event of the withdrawal of one of the top three candidates on the list.
22. The Constitutional Court stressed that the right to stand for election was an individual rather than a collective right. However, the contested provision made the exercise of that right conditional on the consistent presence of the top three candidates on the list, which amounted to a restriction on the other candidates' right to stand for election and on the citizens' right to vote for them. It violated the principle of equality between the candidates because it only applied in the event of withdrawal of one of the top three candidates but not of those in lower positions on the list. Such a restriction could not be justified by the special role played by the top three candidates, who were usually political heavyweights, in the electoral campaign and it did not serve any legitimate aim listed in the Constitution.
23. Moreover, withdrawal of one of the top three candidates had a disproportionately crippling effect on the electoral union or bloc, which forfeited the right to stand for election through no fault of its own. On the other hand, it made it difficult for the top three candidates to leave an electoral union whose platform had changed to the point of being inconsistent with their own views. It also encroached on the active voting rights of the electorate, depriving them of an opportunity to vote for the candidates and impairing the formation of a representative spectrum of members of Parliament.
24. Finally, the Constitutional Court noted that the refusal or cancellation of registration was essentially a sanction imposed on an electoral union or bloc. Sanctions could only be inflicted for violations of the electoral laws and should be proportionate to the violation. However, the contested provision made it possible to sanction electoral unions, blocs and other candidates who had not committed any violation, and this was incompatible with the general principles of justice and rule of law.
25. The Constitutional Court also ruled that the finding that section 51(11) was unconstitutional was of no consequence for the State
Duma elections of 19 December 1999 and could not be relied upon to seek a review of their results.
26. On 4 May 2000 the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation disallowed the applicant party's application for review of the compatibility of section 51(11) with the Constitution, because the subject-matter of the application was essentially the same as the matter adjudicated on 25 April 2000.
5. Request for a review on account of new circumstances
27. In 2001 the applicant party lodged an application with the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation to review the judgment of 8 December 1999 in the light of a new circumstance, namely the ruling of the Constitutional Court.
28. On 7 February 2001 the Presidium of the Russian Federation Supreme Court refused the applicant party's application. The court ruled that the ruling of the Constitutional Court was not a new circumstance under domestic law and that, in any event, the applicant party had failed to comply with the procedural time-limit of three months for lodging its application for a review.
B. Proceedings for the return of the election deposit
29. On 30 July 2000 the applicant party applied to the CEC to have its election deposit paid back.
30. In a letter of 24 August 2000, the CEC informed the applicant party that the election deposit had been credited to the federal budget and could not be repaid. The CEC maintained that the decision of the Constitutional Court did not apply to the 1999 elections and that there was consequently no ground for returning the election deposit.
31. On 26 April 2001 the applicant party brought a civil action against the CEC for the return of the election deposit.
32. In a judgment of 6 September 2001, the Basmanniy District Court of Moscow dismissed the applicant party's action. The court based its decision on a provision of the Elections Act to the effect that the election deposit could not be repaid if the party's list had not been registered in accordance with section 51(11) of the Act. The court held that the applicant party's request for the return of the deposit on the basis of the Constitutional Court's ruling was in fact a disguised request for a review of the election results, which had been expressly prohibited by the Constitutional Court.
33. On 10 June 2002 the Moscow City Court upheld on appeal the judgment of 6 September 2001.
6
II. RELEVANT DOMESTIC LAW
A. Constitution of the Russian Federation
34. The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees to the citizens of the Russian Federation the right to elect and to stand for election to State and municipal bodies (Article 32 § 2).
B. The Elections Act
35. The Federal Law on Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Russian Federation Federal Assembly (no. 121-FZ of 24 June 1999 – "the Elections Act") provided at the material time as follows:
Section 47. Registration of a candidate or of a federal list of candidates
"1. No later than ten days after the submission of the lists of signatures ([or] upon receipt of the election deposit in the special account of the Central Electoral Commission) and of other documents required for the registration of the federal list of candidates, the Central Electoral Commission shall make a decision to register the federal list of candidates or a reasoned decision to refuse to register the said list...
6 ... Grounds for a refusal shall include:
(d) ["(г)" in the original] inaccuracy of information submitted by candidates, electoral unions or blocs in accordance with the present Federal Law, provided that such inaccuracy is substantial (inaccuracy of information in respect of specific candidates on the federal list of candidates of an electoral union or bloc may only be a ground for the exclusion of the candidates in question from the approved federal list)..."
Section 51. Withdrawal of candidates, registered candidates, electoral unions or electoral blocs
"11. If the number of candidates, registered candidates and candidates excluded from the federal list of candidates of their own motion or by virtue of a decision of the electoral union or electoral bloc exceeds 25 per cent of the total number of candidates in the approved electoral list or if withdrawal of one or more candidates listed in the top three positions in the nationwide section of the approved federal list of candidates occurs (except in the event of compelling circumstances as described in subsection 16 of this section), the Central Electoral Commission shall refuse to register the federal list of candidates or shall cancel such registration.
15. ...[If] the registration of the federal list was cancelled pursuant to subsection 11 of this section..., all expenses incurred by the electoral commission in connection with the preparation and organisation of elections shall be reimbursed by that registered candidate, electoral union or electoral bloc."
Section 64. Election deposit
"7. ...If... a registered candidate withdraws on his own initiative or a candidate, registered candidate or the federal list is withdrawn by the electoral union or electoral bloc (with the exception of cases described in section 51(15) of this Federal Law) ...
[or] registration of a candidate or of the federal list is refused (except on the grounds set out in section 91(2) of this Federal Law) ..., the election deposit that has been paid shall be returned by the electoral commission to the appropriate electoral fund no later than ten days after an application (notice) to that effect is submitted to the Central Electoral Commission ... by the electoral union, electoral bloc, candidate, or registered candidate, or after the registration is refused."
Section 91. Grounds for refusal or cancellation of the registration of a candidate or a federal list of candidates
"2. An electoral commission may refuse to register a candidate or a federal list of candidates if:
(а) it is established that the information submitted by the candidate or an authorised representative of an electoral union or bloc under this Federal Law is substantially inaccurate ..."
C. Decree no. 65/764/3 of the Central Electoral Commission of the Russian Federation on the Approval of the General Election Results for the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
36. On 29 December 1999 the CEC approved, by the above decree, the general election results. It appears from the appendices to the decree that 28 political parties and blocs took part in the elections, of which six passed the requisite 5% threshold for representation in Parliament. 66.8 million voters cast their votes in the election, representing 61.85% of the voting population. 3.3% of voters voted "against all candidates".
III. RELEVANT COUNCIL OF EUROPE DOCUMENTS
A. Resolution of the Parliamentary Assembly on the Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters
37. The relevant parts of Resolution 1320 (2003) adopted by the Parliamentary Assembly on 30 January 2003, read as follows:
"1. The holding of free, equal, universal, secret and direct elections at regular intervals remains a sine qua non [condition] for recognising a political system as democratic...
5. The Assembly considers that the code constitutes a major step towards harmonising standards for the organisation and observation of elections and in establishing procedures and conditions for the organisation of the electoral process...
8. The Assembly considers that, as a reference document not only for member states but also for itself, the code would reinforce the impact and the credibility of the electoral observation and monitoring activities conducted by the Council of Europe."
8
B. Declaration by the Committee of Ministers on the Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters
38. The relevant parts of the declaration adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 13 May 2004 at its 114th Session, read as follows:
"The Committee of Ministers...
Recalling the importance of the effective implementation of the principles of Europe's electoral heritage: universal, equal, free, secret and direct suffrage...
Recognises the importance of the Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters, which reflects the principles of Europe's electoral heritage, as a reference document for the Council of Europe in this area, and as a basis for possible further development of the legal framework of democratic elections in European countries;
Calls on governments, parliaments and other relevant authorities in the member states to take account of the Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters, to have regard to it, within their democratic national traditions..."
C. Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters: Guidelines on Elections and Explanatory Report
39. The Code of Good Practice was adopted by the European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission) at its 51st (Guidelines) and 52nd (Report) sessions on 5-6 July and 18-19 October 2002 (Opinion no. 190/2002, CDL-AD (2002) 23 rev.).
40. Guidelines on Elections provide as follows:
I. Principles of Europe's electoral heritage
"The five principles underlying Europe's electoral heritage are universal, equal, free, secret and direct suffrage. Furthermore, elections must be held at regular intervals.
3.1. Freedom of voters to form an opinion
a. State authorities must observe their duty of neutrality. In particular, this concerns:
i. media;
ii. billposting;
iii. the right to demonstrate;
iv. funding of parties and candidates.
b. The public authorities have a number of positive obligations; inter alia, they must:
i. submit the candidatures received to the electorate;
ii. enable voters to know the lists and candidates standing for election, for example through appropriate posting.
iii. The above information must also be available in the languages of the national minorities.
c. Sanctions must be imposed in the case of breaches of duty of neutrality and voters' freedom to form an opinion.
3.2. Freedom of voters to express their wishes and action to combat electoral fraud
i. voting procedures must be simple;
ii. voters should always have the possibility of voting in a polling station...
vii. at least two criteria should be used to assess the accuracy of the outcome of the ballot: the number of votes cast and the number of voting slips placed in the ballot box...
x. polling stations must include representatives of a number of parties, and the presence of observers appointed by the candidates must be permitted during voting and counting...
xiii. counting must be transparent. Observers, candidates' representatives and the media must be allowed to be present. These persons must also have access to the records;
xv. the state must punish any kind of electoral fraud."
41. Explanatory Report reads as follows:
"3. Free suffrage
26. Free suffrage comprises two different aspects: free formation of the elector's opinion, and free expression of this opinion, i.e. freedom of voting procedure and accurate assessment of the result.
3.1 Freedom of voters to form an opinion
a. Freedom of voters to form an opinion partly overlaps with equality of opportunity. It requires the state – and public authorities generally – to honour their duty of even-handedness, particularly where the use of the mass media, billposting, the right to demonstrate on public thoroughfares and the funding of parties and candidates are concerned.
b. Public authorities also have certain positive obligations. They must submit lawfully presented candidatures to the citizens' votes. The presentation of specific candidatures may be prohibited only in exceptional circumstances, where necessitated by a greater public interest. Public authorities must also give the electorate access to lists and candidates standing for election by means, for instance, of appropriate billposting...
3.2. Freedom of voters to express their wishes and combating electoral fraud
27. Freedom of voters to express their wishes primarily requires strict observance of the voting procedure. In practice, electors should be able to cast their votes for registered lists or candidates, which means that they must be supplied with ballot papers bearing their names and that they must be able to deposit the ballot papers in a ballot box. ... Electors must be protected from threats or constraints liable to prevent them from casting their votes or from casting them as they wish, whether such threats come from the authorities or from individuals; the state is obliged to prevent and penalise such practices."
IV. RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTS
42. The relevant part of the summary of the findings of the Final Report on the parliamentary elections in the Russian Federation (19 December 1999), prepared by the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE/ODIHR), reads as follows:
"In general, and in spite of episodic challenges that could have undermined the general integrity of the process as a whole, the State Duma elections marked significant progress in consolidating representative democracy in the Russian Federation. They reflected a political environment in which voters had a broad spectrum of political forces from which to choose.
A solid turnout demonstrated a respectable level of public confidence in the process, and the final result showed a significant increase in the representative share of overall voter support actually included in the State Duma.
The electoral laws governing the process had improved significantly with each successive election and were found to be consistent with commonly recognized democratic principles, including those formulated in the OSCE Copenhagen Document of 1990. This legal framework provided a sound basis for the conduct of orderly, pluralistic and accountable elections.
The law provides the framework for parties and blocs to enter the political arena on an equal basis and provides a foundation for maintaining a level playing field for political participants. In particular, the law provided a basis for equal access to free media time for all participants, and instituted rigid parameters for enforcing accountability measures and controlling the use of campaign funds.
The political campaigns were competitive and pluralistic with 26 parties and blocs ultimately competing on the federal list and 3 to 24 candidates appearing on ballots for the single-mandate constituency races..."
THE LAW
I. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 OF PROTOCOL NO. 1
43. The applicants complained under Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention that the first and second applicants' right to stand for election and the third applicant's right to vote had been violated. Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 provides as follows:
"The High Contracting Parties undertake to hold free elections at reasonable intervals by secret ballot, under conditions which will ensure the free expression of the opinion of the people in the choice of the legislature."
44. The Court will consider separately the alleged violation of the applicant party's and the second applicant's right to stand for election, and the alleged violation of the third applicant's right to vote.
A. The right to stand for election
1. The parties' arguments
45. The applicants submitted that the Central Electoral Commission had acted in excess of its jurisdiction. It followed from the CEC's decision of 3 November 1999 that it had uncovered false representations made by individual candidates rather than by the applicant party as an entity. Neither section 47(6)(d) nor section 91(2) of the Elections Act could be construed as a legal basis for the applicant party's exclusion: the former provision provided for a sanction against individual candidates rather than against the entire list, whereas the latter refused registration of a party that submitted substantially inaccurate information about itself. Neither provision was applicable to the case at hand. Registration of the applicant party had been cancelled on the basis of section 51(11), which had later been struck down by the Constitutional Court because it unduly restricted voting rights. There had been a violation of the applicant party's and the second applicant's right to stand for election, which comprised, in particular, the right to be listed on a ballot paper.
46. The Government submitted that there had been no violation because after the elections the contested section 51(11) had been struck down by the Constitutional Court. The CEC's decision to refuse to register the applicant party and the second applicant, subsequently upheld by the domestic courts, was a consequence of a breach of the requirement to submit exact information about the property and income of all candidates on the federal list. That decision had been based not only on section 51(11), but also on section 91(2), which the applicants had disregarded. In any event, from 22 November to 9 December 1999 the applicants had participated in the election campaign on a par with other parties and candidates.
2. The general principles established in the Court's case-law
47. Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 enshrines a fundamental principle for effective political democracy, and is accordingly of prime importance in the Convention system (see Mathieu-Mohin and Clerfayt v. Belgium, judgment of 2 March 1987, Series A no. 113, p. 22, § 47). As to the links between democracy and the Convention, the Court has made the following observations (see United Communist Party of Turkey and Others v. Turkey, judgment of 30 January 1998, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1998-I, pp. 21-22, § 45, cited in Yazar and Others v. Turkey, nos. 22723/93, 22724/93 and 22725/93, § 47, ECHR 2002-II):
"Democracy is without doubt a fundamental feature of the European public order ... That is apparent, firstly, from the Preamble to the Convention, which establishes a very clear connection between the Convention and democracy by stating that the maintenance and further realisation of human rights and fundamental freedoms are best ensured on the one hand by an effective political democracy and on the other by a common understanding and observance of human rights ... The Preamble goes on to affirm that European countries have a common heritage of political traditions, ideals, freedom and the rule of law. The Court has observed that in that common heritage are to be found the underlying values of the Convention ...; it has pointed out several times that the Convention was designed to maintain and promote the ideals and values of a democratic society ..."
48. The Court reiterates that implicit in Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 are the subjective rights to vote and to stand for election. Although those rights are important, they are not absolute. In their internal legal orders the Contracting States make the rights to vote and to stand for election subject to conditions which are not in principle precluded under Article 3. They have a wide margin of appreciation in this sphere, but it is for the Court to determine in the last resort whether the requirements of Protocol No. 1 have been complied with; it has to satisfy itself that the conditions do not curtail the rights in question to such an extent as to impair their very essence and deprive them of their effectiveness; that they are imposed in pursuit of a legitimate aim; and that the means employed are not disproportionate (see Sadak and Others (no. 2) v. Turkey, nos. 25144/94 et al., § 31, ECHR 2002-IV).
49. More particularly, States enjoy considerable latitude to establish in their constitutional order rules governing the status of parliamentarians, including criteria for disqualification. Though originating from a common concern – ensuring the independence of members of parliament, but also the electorate's freedom of choice – the criteria vary according to the historical and political factors peculiar to each State. The number of situations provided for in the Constitutions and the legislation on elections in many member States of the Council of Europe shows the diversity of possible choice on the subject. None of these criteria should, however, be considered more valid than any other provided that it guarantees the expression of the will of the people through free, fair and regular elections (see Podkolzina v. Latvia, no. 46726/99, § 33, ECHR 2002-II; and Gitonas and Others v. Greece, judgment of 1 July 1997, Reports 1997-IV, pp. 1233-34, § 39).
50. The Court further reiterates that the object and purpose of the Convention, which is an instrument for the protection of human rights, requires its provisions to be interpreted and applied in such a way as to make their stipulations not theoretical or illusory but practical and effective (see United Communist Party of Turkey and Others, cited above, pp. 18-19, § 33). The right to stand as a candidate in an election, which is guaranteed by Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 and is inherent in the concept of a truly democratic regime, would only be illusory if one could be arbitrarily deprived of it at any moment. Consequently, while it is true that States have a wide margin of appreciation when establishing eligibility conditions in the abstract, the principle that rights must be effective requires the finding that this or that candidate has failed to satisfy them to comply with a number of criteria framed to prevent arbitrary decisions (see Podkolzina, cited above, § 35, and Melnychenko v. Ukraine, no. 17707/02, § 59, ECHR 2004-X).
3. Application of the above principles to the present case
51. Turning to the present case, the Court notes that the applicant party and the second applicant did not participate in the 1999 elections to the Russian legislature because the Central Electoral Commission (CEC) refused registration of the applicant party's list of candidates, with the result that all candidates on the list, the second applicant among them, were disqualified.
52. In its decision of 3 November 1999 the CEC found that certain candidates on the list, including the candidate listed second, had provided incorrect information about their income and property, and ordered their disqualification in their individual capacity. Paragraph 2 of the decision additionally refused the registration of the applicant party's list "because of the withdrawal of the candidate listed as number two". Although the decision referred indiscriminately to a number of sections of the Elections Act, that particular reason was mentioned only in section 51(11), and paragraph 2 did not give any other reason for the refusal.
53. The Court notes that it is not called upon to examine whether the refusal to register individual candidates disclosed a violation of Article 3 of Protocol No. 1. Not one of the candidates in question is an applicant in the present case and the applicants did not complain about that part of the CEC's decision. Rather, their complaint hinged on the fact that the applicant party and the other candidates who had done nothing wrong, such as the second applicant, had been disqualified in the election through the fault of the number two candidate.
54. Section 51(11) provided for disqualification of the entire party's list in the event of "withdrawal" (выбытия) of one of the top three candidates on the list. That provision was interpreted by the CEC as encompassing all instances of "withdrawal" for whatever reasons: both voluntary withdrawal of the candidate's own free will, and involuntary withdrawal as a consequence of his or her registration having been cancelled or refused by an electoral commission.
55. Disagreeing with such an interpretation, the applicant party challenged the CEC's decision before a court of general jurisdiction. The Supreme Court found for the applicant party at two instances and rejected the CEC's appeal. As a result, on 22 November 1999 the applicant party obtained a final judgment to the effect that section 51(11) applied only if the "withdrawal" had been voluntary. As in the applicant party's case the withdrawal had not been voluntary since the number two candidate had been refused by the CEC, the judgment was immediately enforced: on the same day the CEC registered the applicant party and allowed it to carry on its electoral campaign.
56. The judgment of 22 November 1999 was final and no ordinary appeal lay against it. However, on 26 November 1999 a deputy Prosecutor General lodged an application for supervisory review of the adopted judgments, requesting the Supreme Court to reopen the proceedings and to accept the CEC's original broad interpretation of section 51(11). The Presidium of the Supreme Court acceded to the prosecutor's request, quashed the earlier judgments by way of supervisory-review proceedings and upheld the CEC's position. On the following day the CEC annulled its decision to register the applicant party's list of candidates.
57. The Court has already found a violation of Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 in a case where the procedure for determination of the applicant's eligibility as a candidate in the election had not satisfied the requirements of procedural fairness and legal certainty (see Podkolzina, cited above, § 37).
58. The Court further reiterates that the requirement of legal certainty presupposes respect for the principle of res judicata, that is the principle of finality of judgments. This principle underlines that no party is entitled to seek a re-opening of the proceedings merely for the purpose of a rehearing and a fresh decision of the case. Higher courts' power to quash or alter binding and enforceable judicial decisions should be exercised for correction of fundamental defects. The mere possibility of two views on the subject is not a ground for re-examination. Departures from that principle may be justified only when made necessary by circumstances of a substantial and compelling character (see Ryabykh v. Russia, no. 52854/99, § 52, ECHR 2003-IX). Indeed, as the Court has noted, "judicial systems characterised by the objection procedure and, therefore, by the risk of final judgments being set aside repeatedly ... are, as such, incompatible with the principle of legal certainty that is one of the fundamental aspects of the rule of law" (see Sovtransavto Holding v. Ukraine, no. 48553/99, § 77, ECHR 2002-VII).
59. Turning back to the present case, the Court notes that the final and enforceable judgment of 22 November 1999 which cleared the way for the applicant party and the second applicant to stand in the elections was quashed by means of supervisory-review proceedings on an application by a deputy Prosecutor General, a State official who was not a party to the proceedings. The purpose of his application was precisely to obtain a fresh determination of the issue that had been already settled in the judgment of 22 November 1999, notably whether section 51(11) of the Elections Act also applied to instances where the withdrawal of a candidate was involuntary. The Government did not point to any circumstances of a substantial and compelling character that could have justified that departure from the principle of legal certainty in the present case. As a result of the reexamination, the CEC's point of view prevailed and the applicant party and the second applicant were prevented from standing for election.
60. It follows that by using the supervisory-review procedure to set aside the judgment of 22 November 1999, the domestic authorities violated the principle of legal certainty in the procedure for determining the applicant party's and the second applicant's eligibility to stand in the elections.
61. Independently of the issue of legal certainty, the Court has to examine whether the decision to disqualify the applicant party and the second applicant from standing in the election was proportionate to the legitimate aims pursued, having regard to the State's margin of appreciation.
62. The Court has accepted as incontestably legitimate the interest of each State in ensuring the normal functioning of its own institutional system. That applies all the more to the national parliament, which is vested with legislative power and plays a primordial role in a democratic State (see Podkolzina, cited above, § 33). The requirement to submit information on the candidate's property, earnings and sources of income serves to enable the voters to make an informed choice and to promote the overall fairness of elections. Regard being had to the principle of respect for national specificity (see paragraph 49 above), the introduction of such a requirement, which is determined by historical and political considerations particular to the Russian Federation, does not appear arbitrary or unreasonable. Accordingly, the Court concludes that requiring a candidate for election to the national parliament – be it a person or an electoral bloc or union – to make his or her financial situation publicly known pursues a legitimate aim.
63. In a party-list proportional representation system, where a voter votes for a party list on the understanding that candidates placed higher on the list have more chances of obtaining seats in the parliament, it is not surprising that, as part of their electoral campaigning strategy, political parties nominate the most well-liked or charismatic figures at the top of their lists. Legal provisions reinforcing the bond between the top candidates and the entire party list are therefore instrumental for promoting the emergence of a coherent political will, which is also a legitimate aim under the terms of Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 (see, mutatis mutandis, Gorizdra v. Moldova (dec.), no. 53180/99, 2 July 2002).
64. The Court notes that section 47(6)(d) of the Elections Act provided for disqualification of candidates or electoral unions if a substantial discrepancy in their financial submissions was uncovered. That provision expressly restricted the application of the measure to individual candidates. Section 51(11) of the Elections Act, however, provided for disqualification of the entire list of candidates in the event of the withdrawal of one of the top three candidates.
65. The Court observes that neither the applicant party as an entity nor the second applicant as an individual candidate on the applicant party's list was found to have been in breach of the electoral laws. Thus, it was not their own conduct that led to their ineligibility or disqualification. As noted above, they were prevented from standing for election because the number two candidate on the party's list had been withdrawn in connection with his untrue financial declaration. However, under the domestic law, electoral blocs or candidates on the list were not required to verify the truthfulness of financial representations that were not their own. It follows that the applicant party and the second applicant were sanctioned for circumstances which were unrelated to their own law-abiding conduct and were also outside their control. Notwithstanding the considerable latitude which States are allowed in establishing criteria for disqualification, the Court considers that the disqualification of the applicant party and the second applicant for the above reasons was disproportionate to the legitimate aims pursued, namely ensuring the truthful disclosure of the candidates' financial position and promoting the integrity of electoral blocs or unions.
66. The Court notes that this was also the view of the Russian Constitutional Court, which subsequently found section 51(11) of the Electoral Law to be incompatible with the Russian Constitution in so far as it disproportionately restricted the party's and other candidates' right to stand for election (see paragraphs 21 et seq. above). The Constitutional Court convincingly established that disqualification of candidates and entire electoral alliances for reasons unrelated to their conduct unduly impaired their passive voting rights, irrespective of the grounds for the withdrawal of a top-three candidate, and was contrary to the legal principle nulla poena sine culpa. The Court sees no reason to dissent from these findings.
67. It follows that there has been a violation of Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 in respect of the applicant party and the second applicant.
B. The right to vote in elections
1. The parties' arguments
68. The applicants submitted that, irrespective of the applicant party's electoral potential in the 1999 elections, the fact that it was not allowed to stand for election had forced its supporters, such as the third applicant, to change their voting preference or not to cast their vote at all. This represented an unjustified interference with the third applicant's right to vote.
69. The Government responded that there had been no restriction on the third applicant's right to vote because he had been able to vote for any lawfully registered candidate or party. The applicant party had not been registered for elections because of its failure to abide by the legislation in force at the time. Alternatively, the third applicant could have cast his vote "against all candidates", making use of a special line on the ballot paper indicating that the voter did not wish to see any of the listed candidates elected. In any event, the applicant party's low level of popular support would not have permitted it to gain representation in the legislature.
2. The Convention institutions' case-law and the Council of Europe's general principles pertaining to the right to vote
70. The common principles of the European constitutional heritage, which form the basis of any genuinely democratic society, frame the right to vote in terms of the possibility to cast a vote in universal, equal, free, secret and direct elections held at regular intervals (see Resolution of the Parliamentary Assembly on the Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters, paragraph 37 above; Declaration by the Committee of Ministers on the Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters, paragraph 38 above; and the Guidelines on Elections, paragraphs 40 and 41 above). Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 explicitly provides for the right to free elections at regular intervals by secret ballot and the other principles have also been recognised in the Convention institutions' case-law.
71. Freedom of suffrage is the cornerstone of the protection afforded by Article 3 of Protocol No. 1. The Court considers, as did the Commission, that the words "free expression of the opinion of the people" primarily signify that "the elections cannot be made under any form of pressure in the choice of one of more candidates, and that in this choice the elector [may] not be unduly induced to vote for one party or another" (see X. v. the United Kingdom, no. 7140/75, Commission decision of 6 October 1976, Decisions and Reports 7, p. 96). In other words, from a voter's perspective, free suffrage comprises two aspects: freedom to form an opinion and freedom to express that opinion (see the Explanatory Report, § 26).
72. As regards the freedom of voters to form an opinion, the Court notes that the Council of Europe's institutions have primarily described it in terms of the State authorities' obligation to honour their duty of neutrality, particularly where the use of the mass media, billposting, the right to demonstrate and the funding of parties and candidates are concerned (see, for example, the Guidelines on Elections, § 3.1 (a), and the Explanatory Report, § 26 (a)). In addition, this freedom has been considered to imply certain positive obligations on the part of the authorities, such as the obligation to submit the candidatures received to the electorate and to make information about candidates readily available (see the Guidelines on Elections, § 3.1 (b), and the Explanatory Report, § 26 (b)).
73. The freedom of voters to express their wishes, on the other hand, has been understood in terms of strict observance of the voting procedure. The electors should be able to cast their votes for registered lists or candidates in conditions shielding them from threats or constraints liable to prevent them from casting their votes or from casting them as they wish, whether such threats come from the authorities or from individuals (see the Guidelines on Elections § 3.2, and the Explanatory Report, § 27).
3. The Court's assessment
74. The Court notes at the outset that the cases concerning the right to vote that have come before the Convention institutions in the past have focused on the possibility for the applicant to exercise his or her franchise. Thus, the Court has found a violation of Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 in cases where the voting ban was not proportionate to the legitimate aim pursued (see Vito Sante Santoro v. Italy, no. 36681/97, ECHR 2004-VI; Labita v. Italy [GC], no. 26772/95, ECHR 2000-IV; and Hirst v. the United Kingdom (no. 2) [GC], no. 74025/01, ECHR 2005-IX) or where the applicants belonged to a disenfranchised cluster of the population (see Matthews v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 24833/94, ECHR 1999-I, and Aziz v. Cyprus, no. 69949/01, ECHR 2004-V). The Commission extended the reasoning in respect of a single voter's right to vote to the entire voting population in Greece and expressed the opinion that there had been a violation of Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 in that "the Greek people were... prevented from expressing their political opinion by choosing a legislature..." owing to the dissolution of Parliament and the postponement of new elections (see the Commission report in the Greek case, Yearbook 12, pp. 179-80).
75. In the present case it has not been claimed that the third applicant was disenfranchised because of any restriction on his right to vote existing in law or in practice. The thrust of his grievance was not that his right to vote had been taken away but rather that it had been impossible for him to cast his vote for a party of his choosing – the applicant party – which had been denied registration for the election.
76. The Court, however, does not consider that an allegedly frustrated voting intention is capable, by itself, of grounding an arguable claim of a violation of the right to vote. It notes, firstly, the obvious problem of laying down a sufficient evidentiary basis for demonstrating the nature and seriousness of such an intention. An intention to vote for a specific party is essentially a thought confined to the forum internum of an individual. Its existence cannot be proved or disproved until and unless it has manifested itself through the act of voting or handing in a blank or spoiled paper (see X v. Austria, Commission decision of 22 March 1972, Yearbook 15, p. 474). Moreover, a voter's preference is not static but may evolve in time, influenced by political events and electoral campaigning. A sudden and sweeping change in voters' intentions is a well-documented political and social phenomenon.
77. The Court reiterates that an individual applicant should be able to claim to be actually affected by the measure of which he complains and that Article 34 may not be used to found an action in the nature of an actio popularis (see, among other authorities, Norris v. Ireland, judgment of 26 October 1988, Series A no. 142, § 30). The third applicant did not furnish any information about the way in which he had exercised his right to vote. It is not known whether he cast a ballot paper or, for that matter, whether he attended the polling station on the voting day. He did not bring, or take part in, any domestic proceedings in which the courts could have established the fact that he had intended to vote for the applicant party.
78. On a more general level, the Court is mindful of the ramifications of accepting the claim of a frustrated voting intention as an indication of an interference with the right to vote. Such acceptance would confer standing on a virtually unlimited number of individuals to claim that their right to vote had been interfered with solely because they had not voted in accordance with their initial voting intention.
79. In the light of the above considerations, the Court finds that the right to vote cannot be construed as laying down a general guarantee that every voter should be able to find on the ballot paper the candidate or the party he had intended to vote for. It reiterates, nevertheless, that the free expression of the opinion of the people is inconceivable without the participation of a plurality of political parties representing the different shades of opinion to be found within a country's population (see Federación Nacionalista Canaria v. Spain (dec.), no. 56618/00, ECHR 2001-VI). Accordingly, it must have regard to the broader context in which the right to vote could be exercised by the third applicant.
80. The Court notes that more than twenty-five political parties and electoral blocs representing a broad gamut of political views and platforms competed in the 1999 elections to the lower chamber of the Russian Parliament. The elections were acclaimed as competitive and pluralistic by international observers (see paragraph 42 above). The observers recognised that the voters' freedom to form an opinion had a secure basis in domestic law, which laid down "a foundation for maintaining a level playing field for political participants" (ibid.). It was not alleged that the voters lacked sufficient or adequate information about the candidates, and the strict measures adopted by the CEC in respect of the candidates who had made false representations about themselves served to reinforce that guarantee. Nor has it been claimed that the third applicant was subjected to any form of pressure or undue inducement in his voting choices. Indeed, if there were no candidates to his taste (assuming that he persisted in his wish to vote for the applicant party), he could have voted "against all candidates", as more than two million other voters did (see paragraph 36 above). It cannot therefore be said on the basis of the information available that the third applicant's right to take part in free elections has been unduly restricted.
81. There has therefore been no violation of Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 as regards the third applicant's right to vote.
II. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 13 OF THE CONVENTION
82. The applicants complained that they had had no effective remedy in respect of the breach of Article 3 of Protocol No. 1. The Court has decided to examine this complaint under Article 13 of the Convention, which reads as follows:
"Everyone whose rights and freedoms as set forth in [the] Convention are violated shall have an effective remedy before a national authority notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity."
A. The applicant party and the second applicant
1. The parties' arguments
83. The applicants submitted that the Presidium of the Supreme Court should not have adjudicated on the interpretation issue and should have referred it to the Constitutional Court, which was the only judicial body competent to determine the compatibility of the contested provision with the Constitution. The question to be determined was not whether any means of appeal had existed but whether the applicants had had a real opportunity to redress a breach of their electoral rights in the framework of the electoral campaign. Furthermore, although the Constitutional Court had received the applicants' complaint at the time when a similar application by a group of Russian MPs had been examined, it had not joined the two applications. Instead, it had disallowed the applicants' complaint as "substantially the same". Lastly, the applicants submitted that Russian law did not provide for a procedure for granting compensation for breaches of electoral law.
84. The Government asserted that the applicants' contention that they had had no effective remedy was incompatible with the provisions of Russian law in force at the time and was not based on the facts of the case. The applicants had had their claims examined by the Supreme Court and also by the Constitutional Court. In particular, the Supreme Court had heard their appeal against the CEC's decision of 9 December 1999 and dismissed it as unsubstantiated. After the Constitutional Court had declared the contested provision invalid, the applicants could have applied for a review of the Presidium's judgment in the light of newly discovered circumstances, but had not complied with the three-month time-limit for lodging that application.
2. The Court's assessment
85. The Court reiterates that Article 13 of the Convention guarantees the availability at national level of a remedy to enforce the substance of the Convention rights and freedoms in whatever form they may happen to be secured in the domestic legal order. The scope of the Contracting States' obligations under Article 13 varies depending on the nature of the applicant's complaint; the "effectiveness" of a "remedy" within the meaning of Article 13 does not depend on the certainty of a favourable outcome for the applicant. However, the remedy required by Article 13 must be "effective" in practice as well as in law in the sense either of preventing the alleged violation or remedying the impugned state of affairs, or of providing adequate redress for any violation that had already occurred (see Balogh v. Hungary, no. 47940/99, § 30, 20 July 2004, and Kudła v. Poland [GC], no. 30210/96, § 158, ECHR 2000-XI).
86. In the instant case the applicant party and the second applicant were disqualified as candidates in the election as a result of the Central Electoral Commission's decision of 9 December 1999 (see paragraph 20 above). Accordingly, the Court has to examine whether they had an effective remedy in respect of the violation of their right to stand for election.
87. The Government argued that the applicant party had been able to appeal to a court against the decision of 9 December 1999. However, the remedy they suggested was obviously not an effective one: the appeal failed because the domestic courts considered that the supervisory-review judgment of the Presidium of the Supreme Court was final and that no further examination of the matter was possible.
88. The RSFSR Code of Civil Procedure at the time did not provide for any appeal against a judgment or decision given in supervisory-review proceedings. It could only be set aside by means of another supervisoryreview judgment or decision. However, the power to institute supervisoryreview proceedings was discretionary, that is to say it was solely for the State official concerned to decide whether or not a particular case warranted supervisory review (see Ryabykh, cited above, § 34). It follows that a new round of supervisory-review proceedings could not have been set in motion by a party and that that "remedy" was not accessible to the applicants.
89. It follows that the applicant party and the second applicant were denied an effective remedy in respect of the violation of their electoral rights through the use of the supervisory-review procedure. There has accordingly been a violation of Article 13 of the Convention. In the light of this finding, the Court does not consider it necessary to examine whether further developments in the case, such as the Constitutional Court's refusal to consider the merits of the applicants' complaint, also disclose a violation of that provision.
B. The third applicant
90. The Court reiterates that Article 13 applies only in respect of grievances under the Convention which are arguable (see Boyle and Rice v. the United Kingdom, judgment of 27 April 1988, Series A no. 131, § 52). As it has found above that the third applicant did not have an arguable claim of a violation of his right to vote (see paragraph 76 et seq.), Article 13 finds no application in this situation. There has therefore been no violation of the third applicant's right under Article 13 of the Convention.
III. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 1 OF PROTOCOL No. 1
91. The applicant party complained under Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 that the refusal to return its election deposit and the requirement for it to pay for the airtime it had used on State television had violated its property rights. Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 provides as follows:
"Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law.
The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties."
A. The parties' arguments
92. The applicant party submitted that the election deposit could be credited to the budget only if registration of the party's list had been refused, inter alia on the grounds set out in section 51(11) of the Elections Act, or if the party received less than 3% of the votes. However, the applicant party had not been allowed to stand for election and the level of its support had therefore remained unknown. Likewise, the requirement to pay for airtime had also impaired its property rights because it only applied to parties that had stood for election and obtained less than 2% of the votes.
93. The Government submitted that the applicant party had obtained State financial assistance and used free airtime for campaigning in the same conditions as other parties until the judgment of the Presidium of the Supreme Court had been given. In any event, the election deposit was payable out of the electoral fund created by the applicant party and accordingly did not directly form part of its assets. The CEC's decision to refuse to return its election deposit had been justified because there were no legal grounds for returning it. After the deposit had been credited to the budget, the CEC had had no control of the money concerned, and the Constitutional Court's ruling of 25 April 2000 could not change that situation.
B. The Court's assessment
94. It has been the Convention institutions' settled case-law that the requirement to pay an election deposit and the provisions making reimbursement of the deposit and/or campaigning expenses conditional on the party's having obtained a certain percentage of votes serve to promote sufficiently representative currents of thought and are justified and proportionate under Article 3 of Protocol No. 1, having regard to the wide margin of appreciation afforded to the Contracting States in this matter (see Tête v. France, nos. 11123/84 and 11802/85, Commission decisions of 9 December 1987 and 10 March 1988; André v. France, no. 27759/95, Commission decision of 18 October 1995; and New Horizons and Others v. Cyprus, no. 40436/98, Commission decision of 10 September 1998).
95. The situation in the present case is different. Firstly, the applicant party complained about a violation of its property rights under Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 rather than about a violation of its right to take part in free elections under Article 3 of Protocol No. 1, as the applicants in the abovementioned cases did. Secondly, and more importantly, the applicants in those cases did participate in the election, albeit unsuccessfully, whereas the applicant party in the present case was prevented from standing for election as a result of the defective domestic procedure.
96. The Court notes that the domestic courts refused the applicant party's request for the return of its election deposit because it had been disqualified from standing for election on the basis of section 51(11) of the Elections Act. However, it has already found that the application of that provision in the present case was incompatible with the requirements of the Convention. In particular, the Court has found that the domestic proceedings were conducted in breach of the principle of legal certainty. That conclusion holds true for the applicant party's complaint under Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 (see, mutatis mutandis, Brumărescu v. Romania [GC], no. 28342/95, § 74, ECHR 1999-VII).
97. It follows that there has been a violation of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 in respect of the applicant party.
IV. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
98. Article 41 of the Convention provides:
"If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party."
A. Damage
99. The applicants claimed 2,315,520 Russian roubles (RUR) in respect of compensation for pecuniary damage. The amount claimed represented 91.3% of the election fund, of which 90.7% represented the applicant party's own assets and 0.6% represented contributions from private individuals, which had been used to pay the election deposit. The applicants further claimed 1,600,000,000 euros (EUR) for the applicant party and EUR 200,000 for each of the second and third applicants in respect of nonpecuniary damage.
100. The Government considered these claims excessive and "fabulous".
101. The Court refers to its above finding that the election deposit was forfeited as a consequence of the domestic procedure, which was incompatible with the principles set forth in the Convention. There is therefore a causal link between the violation found and the pecuniary damage claimed. Accordingly, the Court awards the applicant party the entire amount claimed for the pecuniary damage plus any tax that may be chargeable on it.
102. As regards the claim in respect of non-pecuniary damage, the Court considers that the finding of a violation would constitute sufficient just satisfaction in respect of the applicant party and the second applicant.
B. Costs and expenses
103. The applicants claimed RUR 168,306 as reimbursement of the court fees paid in the domestic proceedings and RUR 28,371 for postal, translation and notary expenses incurred in the Strasbourg proceedings. They also submitted that the applicant party had signed a contingency fee agreement with Mr Sklyarov, according to which he was to receive EUR 10,000 plus 5% of any amount awarded after the judgment of the Court had been delivered.
104. The Government did not comment on those claims.
105. The Court notes that Mr Sklyarov is the head of the applicant party's legal department. It would therefore be logical to assume that the representation of the applicant party's legal interests before judicial bodies is part of his normal professional duties, any additional pay or bonus in the event of successful litigation being a matter between him and his employer. It has not been shown that the second applicant paid him any fee for representing him before the Court. In these circumstances, the Court makes no award in respect of Mr Sklyarov's fees.
106. The Court is satisfied that the other expenses have been necessarily incurred by the applicant party and are supported by appropriate documentation. Accordingly, it awards the entire amount claimed in respect of the domestic costs, as well as postal, notary and translation expenses, that is, RUR 196,677, plus any tax that may be chargeable on it.
C. Default interest
107. The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT UNANIMOUSLY
1. Holds that there has been a violation of Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 in respect of the applicant party and the second applicant;
2. Holds that there has been no violation of Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 in respect of the third applicant;
3. Holds that there has been a violation of Article 13 of the Convention in respect of the applicant party and the second applicant;
4. Holds that there has been no violation of Article 13 of the Convention in respect of the third applicant;
5. Holds that there has been a violation of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 in respect of the applicant party;
6. Holds
(a) that the respondent State is to pay the Russian Conservative Party of Entrepreneurs, within three months from the date on which the judgment becomes final in accordance with Article 44 § 2 of the Convention, the following amounts:
(i) RUR 2,315,520 (two million three hundred and fifteen thousand five hundred and twenty Russian roubles) in respect of pecuniary damage;
(ii) RUR 196,677 (one hundred and ninety-six thousand six hundred and seventy-seven Russian roubles) in respect of costs and expenses; (iii) any tax that may be chargeable on the above amounts;
(b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points;
26 RUSSIAN CONSERVATIVE PARTY OF ENTREPRENEURS v. RUSSIA JUDGMENT
7. Dismisses the remainder of the applicants' claim for just satisfaction.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 11 January 2007, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
Søren NIELSEN Registrar
Christos ROZAKIS President | <urn:uuid:55ac50b1-16d2-40ce-92cd-8b5c117778e9> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 68,042 |
Pallida-resistente rassen onvermoeibaar?
ing. W. Saathof, HLB
Op veel bedrijven wordt de laatste tijd het aardappelmoeheitsprobleem met succes bestreden door de teelt van zetmeelaardappelrassen met hoge resistentie tegen het aardappelcystenaaltje Globodera pallida. Uit praktijkgegevens blijkt dat het AM-probleem bij deze teelt voorlopig van de baan is. Om er achter te komen hoe lang deze situatie standhoudt en wat de invloed van rassenkeuze hierop kan zijn, is het HLB mede op initiatief van het PAV begin jaren ‘90 met een grootschalig veld- en kasexperiment begonnen. De opzet was vrij uniek, omdat de proef zowel in het veld als in de kas (met de cysten uit het veld) is uitgevoerd. Bovendien is voor het eerst een hoogresistent ras als Seresta bij het onderzoek betrokken. Inmiddels geven de resultaten van het onderzoek enige duidelijkheid over het effect van de teelt van dergelijke rassen op de langere termijn.
VELD- EN KASPROEF
In de periode 1991-1992 zijn door het HLB zes grootschalige proefvelden aangelegd, waar tot nu toe ieder jaar aardappelen zijn geteeld. Op de proefvelden is het besmettingsverloop van het aardappelcystenaaltje onder monocultuur nauwkeurig gevolgd. Er zijn verschillende locaties gekozen, in de verwachting dat daardoor ook verschillende G. pallida-populaties werden getoetst. De rassen Elkana, Elles en Seresta zijn continu en afwisselend geteeld. De teelt van Elles en Seresta was bedoeld om selectiedruk op de aaltjespopulatie uit te oefenen en de gevolgen daarvan te onderzoeken. De rasafwisseling was bedoeld om mogelijke effecten daarvan op het uitselectieproces aan te kunnen tonen. Door de jaarlijkse teelt van Elles en Seresta loopt het onderzoek voorop de praktijk (met name bij Seresta).
Parallel aan het veldonderzoek heeft het HLB samen met het toenmalige CPRO-DLO een kasproef uitgevoerd. De proef was bedoeld als onderbouwing van de resultaten uit het veld. Bovendien was het mogelijk om twee aardappelteelten per jaar uit te voeren, zodat het onderzoek meer vaart zou krijgen. De zes veldpopulaties zijn in de kas in potten vermeerderd op de rassen Irene, Elles en Seresta. Hiermee zijn per veldpopulatie drie G. pallida-lijnen gekweekt, waarvan één (vermeerdering op Irene) als onbeselecteerde en twee (vermeerdering op Elles en Seresta) als beselecteerde lijnen kunnen worden beschouwd. Na elke vermeerdering is onderzocht of de pathogeniteit van de beselecteerde lijnen was veranderd ten opzichte van de onbeselecteerde lijn.
RESULTATEN
Veldproef
In figuur 1 is het besmettingsverloop op de proefvelden bij de teelt van Elles en Seresta weergegeven.
Uit de linker figuur blijkt dat bij de teelt van Elles bij een 1:1 teelt vaak schadelijke populatiedichtheden werden gemeten. Er was tussen een aantal locaties sprake van een duidelijk niveauverschil. Dit werd enerzijds veroorzaakt door verschillen in de samenstelling van de aaltjespopulaties, anderzijds door verschil in effectiviteit van het ontsmetten. Op het proefveld in Rolde (onderste
Figuur 1. Besmetting van het aardappelcystenaaltje op zes proefvelden, na de teelt van Elles (links) en Seresta (rechts).
De vermeerdering op Elkana (van de uitgangspopulatie, die steeds op dit ras is vermeerderd) is in de loop van de jaren nauwelijks veranderd. De vermeerderingslijnen van de eerste vier en de laatste twee teelten liggen bij dit ras keurig bij elkaar. Van nadelige jaarsinvloeden is dus weinig sprake geweest. Hieruit kan worden opgemaakt dat de vermeerdering op Elles en Seresta óók niet nadelig is verstoord door allerlei mogelijke invloeden van buitenaf. Eventuele veranderingen bij de teelt van Elles en Seresta zijn dus terug te voeren op verandering van de pathogeniteit van de populaties. Uit de figuur blijkt dat bij contintuteelt van Elles gemiddeld een geringe verhoging is opgetreden in de pathogeniteit. Bij Seresta is de pathogeniteit gemiddeld sterk gestegen. Bij Seresta heeft deze stijging nog geen schadelijke besmettingsniveaus tot gevolg gehad.
Van de veldjes met rasafwisseling zijn tot nu toe nog te weinig waarnemingen om dezelfde vergelijking als in figuur 2 te kunnen maken. Uit de eerste waarnemingen ontstaat de indruk dat afwisseling van rassen binnen het bouwplan in sommige gevallen effect heeft op de pathogeniteit van de populaties, maar de resultaten wijzen niet altijd in dezelfde richting. Afwisseling met Elkana had bijvoorbeeld even vaak een verlagende als een verhogen- de werking op de pathogeniteit voor Elles. Afwisseling met Seresta had bij twee van de getoetste populaties geen effect en bij twee populaties een verlagend effect op de pathogeniteit voor Elles. Rasafwisseling met Elkana of Elles had bij een aantal populaties ook een verlagende werking op de pathogeniteit voor Seresta. Bij de meest pathogene populatie (Valthermond) had deze rasafwisseling eerder een verhogende werking op de pathogeniteit voor Seresta. Los van het feit dat er nog geen uitsluitsel kan worden gegeven over de effecten van rasafwisseling op de pathogeniteit, is wel zeker dat in bouwplanverband afwisseling leidt tot hogere besmettingsniveaus en meer kans op schade.
**Kasproef**
De resultaten van de kasproef waren veel extremer dan van de veldproef. Bij alle populaties in de kas was na vier Elles-teelten de pathogeniteit van de beselecteerde lijn hoger ten opzichte van de onbeselecteerde lijn. De
populatie uit Rolde (onderste lijn in figuur 1) gaf als enige ook een absolute stijging te zien. De vermeerdering op Elles steeg bij deze populatie na vier Elles-teelten van vier naar tien (bij een beginbesmetting van vier levende larven en eieren per gram grond). Het effect van vier Elles-teelten werkte gemiddeld even sterk door op de pathogeniteit voor Elles als op die voor Seresta (de pathogeniteit voor beide rassen lag gemiddeld drie keer zo hoog ten opzichte van de onbeselecteerde populatie). Bij alle getoetste populaties is na drie vermeerderingen op Seresta de pathogeniteit voor Seresta zeer sterk gestegen. Bij een populatie uit Rheederveld was na drie Seresta-teelten de vermeerdering op Seresta gestegen van 0,3 naar 3. Bij een populatie uit Buinen was de vermeerdering na drie teelten gestegen van 0,1 naar 1,9. De herhaalde Seresta-teelt gaf ongeveer dezelfde verhoging van de pathogeniteit voor Elles als de teelt van Elles.
CONCLUSIE
Bij herhaaldelijk telen van E-resistente rassen zal de praktijk in de (verre) toekomst weer te maken kunnen krijgen met stijgende besmettingsniveaus. Uit de resultaten van de veld- en de kasproef blijkt dat bij aaltjespopulaties in Nederland de aanleg aanwezig is om een E-resistent ras als Seresta vatbaarder te maken. Uit de resultaten in het veld blijkt dat de verschuiving traag verloopt en er na een zestal Seresta-teelten nog steeds geen schadelijke besmettingsniveaus zijn ontstaan.
Dit resultaat is voor de praktijk geruststellend. De snelheid van het uitselectieproces is afhankelijk van de teeltfrequentie van het E-resistente ras en de samenstelling van de aaltjespopulatie op het perceel. Afwisseling met vatbare rassen kan het proces mogelijk vertragen, maar leidt wel meteen tot onaanvaardbare besmettingsniveaus, zodat het uiteindelijke doel van deze afwisseling (het laag houden van de besmetting) niet wordt gehaald. Afwisseling van D- en E-resistente rassen past wat dit betreft beter in deze strategie, maar dit heeft alleen zin als de D-resistentie voldoende is om de populatie onder controle te houden. In de meeste gevallen is permanent overschakelen op E-resistente rassen, waarbij met regelmaat de eindbesmetting in de gaten wordt gehouden, de beste remedie.
De bedoeling is om in 2001 een kasproef uit te voeren, waarbij alle veldpopulaties worden getoetst op pathogeniteit, zodat met name over het effect van rasafwisseling meer duidelijkheid gegeven kan worden. Voortzetting van de veldproef zal aan moeten tonen tot welke niveaus de populaties zullen stijgen bij continue inzet van E-resistente rassen.
SAMENVATTING
Met de huidige teelt van E-resistente zetmeelaardappelrassen is het aardappelmoeheitsprobleem in Noordoost-Nederland voorlopig naar de achtergrond verdwenen. Om te toetsen hoe lang dit zorgeloze bestaan voort zal duren heeft het HLB heeft vanaf 1991 een meerjarige veldproef op zes locaties uitgevoerd, waarbij het effect van de teelt van de rassen Elles en Seresta op de pathogeniteit (= vermeerdering op resistent ras) van *G. pallida*-populaties is onderzocht. Daarbij is ook het effect van onderlinge afwisseling en afwisseling met Elkana meegenomen. Een kasproef met dezelfde *G. pallida*-populaties is in 1993 opgezet om de veldresultaten te onderbouwen.
In beide proeven is een verhoogde vermeerdering van de aaltjespopulaties als gevolg van de teelt van D- en E-resistente rassen waargenomen. Met ander woorden: er was sprake van uitselectie. De praktijk moet bij de teelt van E-resistente rassen in de (verre) toekomst rekening houden met stijgende besmettingsniveaus als gevolg van uitselectie naar pathogenere populaties. Voorlopig zullen bij de teelt van E-resistente rassen de besmettingsniveaus onder de schadendrempel blijven. Het afwisselen van E-resistente rassen met vatbare of D-resistente rassen kan selectie vertragen. Het middel is echter erger dan de kwaal, omdat door afwisseling de besmettingsniveaus voor een volgende teelt bij voorbaat boven de schadedrempel zullen uitstijgen. | <urn:uuid:a57357d3-cf8e-4331-b158-f5eef6e9e53f> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/nld_Latn/train | finepdfs | nld_Latn | 9,374 |
LIITE I VALMISTEYHTEENVETO
1
1. LÄÄKEVALMISTEEN NIMI
Sialanar 320 mikrog/ml oraaliliuos
2. VAIKUTTAVAT AINEET JA NIIDEN MÄÄRÄT
Yksi millilitra liuosta sisältää 400 mikrogrammaa glykopyrroniumbromidia, joka vastaa 320 mikrogrammaa glykopyrroniumia.
Jokainen millilitra sisältää 2,3 mg natriumbentsoaattia (E211).
Täydellinen apuaineluettelo, ks. kohta 6.1.
3. LÄÄKEMUOTO
Oraaliliuos.
Kirkas väritön liuos.
4. KLIINISET TIEDOT
4.1. Käyttöaiheet
–Vaikean sialorrean (kroonisen runsaan syljenerityksen) –oireenmukaiseen hoitoon vähintään 3vuotiaille lapsille ja nuorille, joilla on kroonisia neurologisia sairauksia.
4.2. Annostus ja antotapa
Sialanaria saavat määrätä lääkärit, joilla on kokemusta neurologisista sairauksista kärsivien pediatristen potilaiden hoidosta.
Annostus
Koska pitkäaikaisia turvallisuustietoja ei ole saatavilla, Sialanaria suositellaan vain lyhytaikaiseen ja ajoittaiseen käyttöön (katso kohta 4.4).
Pediatriset potilaat – vähintään 3-vuotiaat lapset ja nuoret
Glykopyrroniumin annosteluohjelma perustuu lapsen painoon ja alkaa noin 12,8 µg:n annoksesta painokiloa kohden (mikä vastaa 16 µg:n annosta glykopyrroniumbromidia painokiloa kohti) kolme kertaa vuorokaudessa annettuna. Annosta lisätään taulukon 1 mukaisesti 7 päivän välein. Annostitrausta tulee jatkaa, kunnes teho on arvioitu suhteessa epäsuotuisiin vaikutuksiin, ja korjata tarpeen mukaan ylös- tai alaspäin siten, että yksittäinen glykopyrronium-annos on enintään 64 µg painokiloa kohti tai 6 ml (1,9 mg glykopyrroniumia, joka vastaa 2,4 mg glykopyrroniumbromidia) kolme kertaa vuorokaudessa, sen mukaan kumpi näistä on pienempi. Annostitraukset on toteutettava keskustelemalla potilaan huoltajan kanssa sekä tehosta että epäsuotuisista vaikutuksista, kunnes hyväksyttävä ylläpitoannos saavutetaan.
Epäsuotuisia vaikutuksia voidaan vähentää käyttämällä pienintä mahdollista annosta, joka hillitsee oireita. On tärkeää, että huoltaja tarkistaa ruiskussa olevan annosmäärän ennen antoa. Suurimman annoksen enimmäismäärä on 6 ml. Mikäli annoksen lisäämisen yhteydessä ilmenee tunnettu antikolinerginen haittavaikutus, annos on pienennettävä edeltävään pienempään annokseen ja tilannetta on tarkkailtava. Mikäli haittavaikutus ei poistu, hoito on keskeytettävä. Mikäli potilaalla ilmenee ummetusta, virtsaumpea tai keuhkokuumetta, hoito on lopetettava ja on otettava yhteyttä lääkkeen määränneeseen lääkäriin.
Annosmuutoksia tehtäessä on otettava huomioon, että nuoremmat lapset saattavat olla alttiimpia haittavaikutuksille.
Annostitrausjakson jälkeen lapsen sialorreaa on tarkkailtava yhdessä huoltajan kanssa vähintään 3 kuukauden välein, jotta tehoa ja/tai sietokykyä voidaan arvioida ajan myötä ja annosta muuttaa tarpeen mukaan.
Taulukossa 1 on millilitroina annos liuosta, joka annetaan kullakin painon alueella jokaisen annoksen lisäyksen yhteydessä.
Taulukko 1. Annostelutaulukko lapsille ja nuorille, joiden munuaistoiminta on normaali.
*Suurin yksittäisannos tällä painon alueella
1 tarkoittaa µg/kg glykopyrroniumia
Pediatriset potilaat – alle 3-vuotiaat lapset
Sialanaria ei suositella alle 3-vuotiaiden lasten sialorrean (kroonisen runsaan syljenerityksen) oireenmukaiseen hoitoon (katso kohta 4.4).
Aikuispotilaat
Sialanar on tarkoitettu ainoastaan pediatristen potilaiden hoitoon. Kliinistä tutkimusnäyttöä glykopyrroniumin käytöstä runsaasta syljenerityksestä kärsivillä aikuispotilailla on rajallisesti.
Iäkkäät potilaat
Sialanar on tarkoitettu ainoastaan pediatristen potilaiden hoitoon. Iäkkäillä eliminaation puoliintumisaika on pidempi ja lääkevalmisteiden munuaispuhdistuma heikentynyt. Lisäksi lyhytaikaisen käytön tehoa tukevia tietoja on rajallisesti. Näin ollen Sialanaria ei pidä käyttää yli 65vuotiailla potilailla.
Maksan vajaatoiminta
Kliinisiä tutkimuksia ei ole tehty maksan vajaatoimintaa sairastavilla potilailla. Glykopyrronium poistuu systeemisestä verenkierrosta lähinnä munuaiserityksen kautta, ja maksan vajaatoiminnan ei uskota lisäävän kliinisesti merkittävästi glykopyrroniumiin liittyvää systeemistä altistusta.
Munuaisten vajaatoiminta
Vakava munuaisten vajaatoiminta (katso kohta 4.3).
Lievää tai kohtalaista munuaisten vajaatoimintaa (eGFR <90–≥30 ml/min/1,73m 2 ) sairastavilla potilailla annoksia tulee pienentää 30 % (katso taulukko 2).
Taulukko 2. Annostelutaulukko lapsille ja nuorille, joilla on lievä tai kohtalainen munuaisten vajaatoiminta.
*Suurin yksittäisannos tällä painon alueella
1 tarkoittaa µg/kg glykopyrroniumia
Antotapa
Vain suun kautta.
Antaminen yhtä aikaa ruoan kanssa pienentää lääkevalmisteeseen liittyvää systeemistä altistusta merkittävästi. Annos on annettava vähintään yksi tunti ennen ateriaa tai vähintään kaksi tuntia aterian jälkeen tai tasaisin ajoin suhteessa ravinnonsaantiin. Runsasrasvaista ruokaa tulee välttää. Mikäli lapsen erityistarpeet edellyttävät lääkkeen antamista yhtä aikaa ruoan kanssa, lääkevalmistetta on annettava tasaisin ajoin ravinnonsaannin aikana.
Mikäli käytössä on nenä-mahaletkuja tai syöttöletkuja, ne on huuhdeltava 10 millilitralla vettä välittömästi annoksen antamisen jälkeen.
Katso käyttöohjeet kohdasta 6.6.
4.3. Vasta-aiheet
Yliherkkyys vaikuttavalle aineelle tai kohdassa 6.1 mainituille apuaineille.
Raskaus ja imetys
Glaukooma.
Virtsaumpi.
Vakava munuaisten vajaatoiminta (eGFR <30 ml/min/1,73m 2 ), mukaan lukien potilaat, joilla on dialyysiä vaativa loppuvaiheen munuaissairaus.
Aiemmin sairastettu intestinaalinen obstruktio, haavainen koliitti, paralyyttinen ileus, mahanportin ahtauma ja myasthenia gravis.
Rinnakkaishoito (katso kohta 4.5)
kaliumkloridi-, kiinteillä oraalisilla annoksilla -antikolinergit
4
4.4. Varoitukset ja käyttöön liittyvät varotoimet
Antikolinergiset vaikutukset
Hikoilun estämisestä aiheutuvat antikolinergiset vaikutukset, kuten virtsaumpi, ummetus ja ylilämpö, saattavat olla annosriippuvaisia, ja niiden arviointi vammaisilla lapsilla voi olla vaikeaa. Lääkärien ja huoltajien on tarkkailtava lasta noudattamalla alla olevia ohjeita:
Merkittävien antikolinergisten haittavaikutusten hallinta
* ummetus
Huoltajan on keskeytettävä hoito ja kysyttävä neuvoa lääkemääräyksen tehneeltä lääkäriltä, mikäli jotain seuraavista ilmenee:
* virtsaumpi
* allerginen reaktio
* keuhkokuume
* kuume
* muutoksia käytöksessä.
* erittäin kuuma ilma
Arvioituaan tilanteen lääkemääräyksen tehnyt lääkäri päättää, onko hoito pidettävä keskeytettynä vai onko sitä jatkettava pienemmällä annostuksella.
Pitkäaikaisten turvallisuustietojen puuttuminen
Yli 24 viikkoa kestävästä hoidosta ei ole saatavilla julkaistuja turvallisuustietoja. Koska pitkäaikaisia turvallisuustietoja on saatavilla rajallisesti ja mahdolliseen karsinogeenisuusriskiin liittyy epävarmuustekijöitä, hoidon kokonaiskesto on pidettävä mahdollisimman lyhyenä. Mikäli jatkuva hoito on tarpeen (esim. palliatiivisen hoidon yhteydessä) tai hoitoa annetaan ajoittain toistuvasti (esim. hoidettaessa kroonista sairautta ei-palliatiivisesti), hyödyt ja riskit on arvioitava huolellisesti tapauskohtaisesti ja hoitoa on tarkkaan valvottava.
Lievä tai –kohtalaisen vaikea sialorrea
Etujen vähäisen todennäköisyyden ja tunnetun haittavaikutusprofiilin vuoksi Sialanaria ei pidä antaa lapsille, joilla on lievä tai kohtalaisen vaikea sialorrea.
Sydän
Glykopyrroniumin käytössä on noudatettava varovaisuutta, mikäli potilaalla on akuutti -sydäninfarkti, hypertensio, sepelvaltimotauti, sydämen rytmihäiriöitä tai tiloja, joille on ominaista takykardia (mukaan lukien tyreotoksikoosi, sydämen vajaatoiminta ja sydänkirurgia) sykkeen ja verenpaineen mahdollisen nousun ja rytmihäiriöiden vuoksi, joita glykopyrroniumin antamisen yhteydessä aiheutuu. Huoltajaa on ohjeistettava mittaamaan syke, mikäli lapsi vaikuttaa huonovointiselta, ja ilmoittamaan erittäin nopeasta tai erittäin hitaasta sykkeestä.
Gastrointestinaaliset sairaudet
Glykopyrroniumin kaltaisten antimuskariinisten lääkkeiden käytössä on noudatettava varovaisuutta, mikäli potilaalla on gastroesofageaalinen refluksi, olemassa oleva ummetus tai ripuli.
Hampaat
Heikentynyt syljeneritys voi lisätä suuontelo- ja hammassairauksien riskiä, minkä vuoksi on tärkeää, että potilaat saavat asianmukaista päivittäistä hammashoitoa ja säännöllisiä hammastarkastuksia.
Hengityselimet
Glykopyrronium voi aiheuttaa eritteiden paksuuntumista, mikä saattaa lisätä hengitystieinfektioiden ja keuhkokuumeen riskiä. Glykopyrroniumin käyttö on keskeytettävä, mikäli potilaalla on keuhkokuume.
Haittavaikutukset keskushermostoon
Kliinisissä tutkimuksissa on raportoitu lisääntyneistä keskushermostoon kohdistuvista vaikutuksista, mukaan lukien ärtyisyys, uneliaisuus, rauhattomuus, yliaktiivisuus, lyhyt keskittymiskyky, turhautuneisuus, mielialan muutokset, raivokohtaukset tai kiivas käyttäytyminen, yliherkkyys, totisuus
tai surullisuus, toistuvat itkukohtaukset ja pelokkuus. Käytöksessä tapahtuvia muutoksia on tarkkailtava.
Kvaternaarisen rakenteensa vuoksi glykopyrroniumin kyky läpäistä veri-aivoeste on rajallinen, joskin läpäisyn määrää ei tiedetä. Varovaisuutta on noudatettava lapsilla, joiden veri-aivoeste on vaurioitunut esim. intraventrikulaarisen suntin, aivokasvaimen tai enkefaliitin vuoksi.
Alle 3-vuotiaat lapset
Sialanaria ei suositella alle 3-vuotiaille lapsille, sillä tiedot glykopyrroniumin tehosta ja turvallisuudesta tässä ikäryhmässä ovat erittäin rajallisia.
Kasvu ja kehitys
Kliinisissä tutkimuksissa ei ole raportoitu glykopyrroniumin lyhyt- tai pitkäaikaisista vaikutuksista neurologiseen kehitykseen tai kasvuun, ja erityisesti näiden kysymysten selvittämiseksi ei ole tehty tutkimuksia.
Glykopyrroniumin vaikutuksia lisääntymiselimiin ei ole tutkittu.
Natrium
Tämän lääkevalmisteen maksimiannos sisältää alle 1 mmol natriumia (23 mg), eli se on olennaisesti natriumiton.
Natriumbentsoaatti
Tämä lääkinnällinen tuote sisältää 2,3 mg natriumbentsoaattia (E211) jokaisessa millilitrassa.
4.5. Yhteisvaikutukset muiden lääkevalmisteiden kanssa sekä muut yhteisvaikutukset
Yhteisvaikutustutkimuksia ei ole tehty.
Pediatriset potilaat
Seuraavat lääkkeen yhteisvaikutustiedot koskevat glykopyrroniumia.
Saatavilla on rajallisesti tietoja yhteisvaikutuksista muiden lääkkeiden kanssa pediatrisessa ikäryhmässä.
Rinnakkaiskäytön vasta-aiheet
Seuraavien lääkevalmisteiden rinnakkaiskäyttö on vasta-aiheista (katso kohta 4.3):
Kaliumkloridin kiinteät, oraaliset annokset: Glykopyrronium voi lisätä oraaliseen ja koostumukseltaan kiinteään kaliumkloridiin liittyvää ylemmän ruoansulatuselimistön vaurioitumisriskiä, koska läpikulkuaika ruoansulatuselimistössä kasvaa ja aiheuttaa suuria paikallisia kaliumionipitoisuuksia. Yhteyttä on havaittu olevan ylemmän ruoansulatuskanavan verenvuotoon ja pieniin suolihaavaumiin, ahtaumiin, perforaatioon ja tukoksiin.
Antikolinergit: Antikolinergien rinnakkaiskäyttö voi lisätä antikolinergisten haittavaikutusten riskiä. Antikolinergit voivat hidastaa muiden suun kautta annettujen antikolinergien gastrointestinaalista imeytymistä ja lisäksi lisätä antikolinergisten haittavaikutusten riskiä.
Tarkasti harkittava rinnakkaiskäyttö
Seuraavien lääkevalmisteiden rinnakkaiskäyttöä on harkittava tarkkaan:
Kouristuslääkkeet: Glykopyrronium voi estää gastrointestinaalisten prokineettisten aktiivisten aineiden, kuten domperidonin ja metoklopramidin, farmakologisia vaikutuksia.
Topiramaatti: glykopyrronium voi tehostaa oligohidroosin (hikoilun vähenemisen) ja hypertermian vaikutuksia, joita topiramaatin käytön liittyy erityisesti pediatrisilla potilailla.
Sedatiivisilla antihistamiineilla voi olla antikolinergisiä lisävaikutuksia. Antikolinergin ja/tai antihistamiinin annostusta voi olla tarpeen pienentää.
6
Neuroleptiset/antipsykoottiset lääkkeet: Fentiatsiinin, klotsapiinin ja haloperidolin kaltaisten aktiivisten aineiden vaikutukset saattavat tehostua. Antikolinergin ja/tai neuroleptisen/antipsykoottisen lääkkeen annostusta voi olla tarpeen pienentää.
Luustolihasrelaksantit: Antikolinergien käyttö botulinus-toksiinin antamisen jälkeen voi tehostaa systeemisiä antikolinergisiä vaikutuksia.
Trisyklisillä masennuslääkkeillä ja MAO-estäjillä voi olla antikolinergisiä lisävaikutuksia. Antikolinergin ja/tai trisyklisten masennuslääkkeiden ja MAO-estäjien annostusta voi olla tarpeen pienentää.
Opioidit: Petidiinin ja kodeiinin kaltaiset aktiiviset aineet saattavat aiheuttaa lisää keskushermostollisia ja gastrointestinaalisia haittavaikutuksia ja lisätä vakavan ummetuksen tai paralyyttisen ileuksen ja keskushermoston lamaantumisen riskiä. Mikäli rinnakkaiskäyttöä ei voida välttää, potilaita on tarkkailtava mahdollisen liiallisen tai pitkittyneen keskushermoston lamaantumisen ja ummetuksen varalta.
Kortikosteroidit: Steroidien paikallisen, inhaloitavan, oraalisen tai laskimonsisäisen annon yhteydessä voi kehittyä steroidien aiheuttamaa glaukoomaa. Rinnakkaiskäyttö voi aiheuttaa silmän sisäisen paineen kohoamista avo- tai sulkukulmamekanismin kautta.
Muu
Antikolinergisiä ominaisuuksia sisältävät lääkevalmisteet (kuten antihistamiinit ja masennuslääkkeet) saattavat aiheuttaa parasympatolyyttisia kumulatiivisia vaikutuksia, mukaan lukien suun kuivuminen, virtsaumpi, ummetus ja sekavuus, ja lisätä antikolinergisen myrkytyssyndrooman riskiä.
4.6. Hedelmällisyys, raskaus ja imetys
Naiset, jotka voivat tulla raskaaksi
Ennen kuin hedelmällisessä iässä olevia naisia hoidetaan, on tarpeen mukaan harkittava tehokasta ehkäisyä.
Raskaus
Tietoja Sialanarin käytöstä raskaana olevilla naisilla ei ole. Glykopyrroniumin vaikutuksia lisääntymiseen liittyviin päätetapahtumiin on arvioitu rajallisesti (katso kohta 5.3). Glykopyrronium on vasta-aiheinen raskauden aikana (katso kohta 4.3).
Imetys
Turvallisuutta imetyksen aikana ei ole osoitettu. Käyttö imetyksen aikana on vasta-aiheista (katso kohta 4.3).
Hedelmällisyys
Tietoja Sialanarin vaikutuksista miesten tai naisten hedelmällisyyteen ei ole. Glykopyrroniumia saaneiden rottien lisääntymiskykyä tutkittaessa hedelmöittymisten määrän ja vieroituksen aikaisen eloonjäämisluvun havaittiin laskevan. Julkisesti ei ole saatavilla riittävästi tietoja, jotta lääkkeen vaikutuksia nuorten aikuisten lisääntymiselimiin voitaisiin arvioida (katso kohta 5.3).
4.7. Vaikutus ajokykyyn ja koneiden käyttökykyyn
Sialanarilla on kohtalainen vaikutus ajokykyyn ja kykyyn käyttää koneita. Glykopyrroniumin antikolinergiset vaikutukset voivat aiheuttaa näkökyvyn hämärtymistä, huimausta ja muita oireita, jotka saattavat heikentää potilaan kykyä suorittaa taitoa vaativia tehtäviä, kuten ajaa autoa tai polkupyörää tai käyttää koneita. Epäsuotuisat vaikutukset lisääntyvät annoksen suurenemisen mukana.
4.8. Haittavaikutukset
Turvallisuusprofiilin yhteenveto
Glykopyrroniumin haittavaikutukset ovat yleisiä sen tunnettujen farmakodynaamisten antikolinergisten vaikutusten vuoksi. Lääkevalmisteen tehoa on arvioitava suhteessa haittavaikutuksiin, ja annosta on tarkkailtava säännöllisesti ja muutettava tarpeen mukaan. Plasebokontrolloiduissa tutkimuksissa (katso kohta 5.1) yleisimmät antikolinergiset haittavaikutukset liittyivät ruoansulatusjärjestelmään, ja niitä olivat suun kuivuminen, ummetus, ripuli ja oksentelu, joita kaikkia ilmeni ≥15 %. Lisäksi turvallisuusprofiilille ovat ominaisia muut oireet, jotka liittyvät antikolinergisiin vaikutuksiin ja joita ilmeni ≥15 %, mukaan lukien virtsaumpi, punoitus ja nenän tukkoisuus.
Haittavaikutukset yleistyvät suurempien annosten ja pitkäaikaisen käytön myötä.
Yhteenvetotaulukko haittavaikutuksista
Glykopyrroniumin käytöstä sialorrean hoitoon pediatrisilla potilailla on raportoitu tutkimuskirjallisuudessa (mukaan lukien 2 plasebokontrolloitua tutkimusta, kontrolloimaton turvallisuustutkimus, jossa glykopyrroniumia käytettiin 6 kuukautta, ja 3 vahvistavaa tutkimusta haittavaikutustiedoille kohderyhmässä) haittavaikutuksia, jotka on listattu MedDRA-elinluokituksen mukaan (taulukko 3). Haittavaikutukset esitetään jokaisessa elinluokassa niiden yleisyyden mukaan, alkaen yleisimmistä vaikutuksista. Haittavaikutukset on esitetty kussakin yleisyysluokassa haittavaikutuksen vakavuuden mukaan alenevassa järjestyksessä. Lisäksi haittavaikutusten yleisyys määritellään seuraavasti: hyvin yleinen (≥1/10), yleinen (≥1/100, <1/10), melko harvinainen (≥1/1 000, <1/100), harvinainen (≥1/10 000, <1/1 000), hyvin harvinainen (<1/10 000), tuntematon (koska saatavissa oleva tieto ei riitä arviointiin).
Taulukko 3. Luettelo haittavaikutusten yleisyydestä
Valittujen haittavaikutusten kuvaus
Virtsaumpi
Virtsaumpi on tunnettu antikolinergisiin lääkevalmisteisiin liittyvä haittavaikutus (15 %). Glykopyrronium-hoito tulee lopettaa, kunnes virtsaumpi on hoitunut. -
Keuhkokuume
Keuhkokuume on tunnettu antikolinergisiin lääkevalmisteisiin liittyvä haittavaikutus (7,9 %). Glykopyrronium-hoito tulee lopettaa, kunnes keuhkokuume on hoitunut.
Ummetus
Ummetus on tunnettu antikolinergisiin lääkevalmisteisiin liittyvä haittavaikutus (30 %). Glykopyrronium-hoito tulee lopettaa, kunnes ummetus -on hoitunut.
Keskushermosto
Vaikka glykopyrroniumin kyky läpäistä veri-aivoeste on rajallinen, kliinisissä tutkimuksissa on raportoitu keskushermostollisten vaikutusten lisääntymistä (23 %). Näistä vaikutuksista on keskusteltava potilaan huoltajan kanssa hoitoarvioiden yhteydessä ja harkittava annoksen pienentämistä.
Sydän
Glykopyrroniumilla tiedetään olevan vaikutuksia sydämen sykkeeseen ja verenpaineeseen annosten yhteydessä, joita käytetään anestesian aikana, vaikka kroonista runsasta syljeneritystä sairastaville
lapsille tehdyissä kliinisissä kokeissa tätä vaikutusta ei ole ilmennyt. Vaikutus sydämeen ja verenkiertoelimistöön on otettava huomioon sietokykyä arvioitaessa.
Hematologiset ja kemialliset ominaisuudet
Yli 10 %:n lasku normaalista viitealueesta alkutilanteessa on havaittu absoluuttisten –neutrofiilien (11,2 %) ja punaisten verisolujen solujen (11,1 %) määrässä, ja yli 10 %:n kasvu normaalista viitealueesta alkutilanteessa on havaittu monosyyttien (16,7 %) ja absoluuttisten monosyyttien (11,2 %) määrässä. Yli 10 %:n lasku normaalista viitealueesta alkutilanteessa havaittiin hiilidioksidin (15,1 %), bikarbonaatin (13,3 %) ja kreatiniinin (10,7 %) pitoisuuksissa.
Epäillyistä haittavaikutuksista ilmoittaminen
On tärkeää ilmoittaa myyntiluvan myöntämisen jälkeisistä lääkevalmisteen epäillyistä haittavaikutuksista. Se mahdollistaa lääkevalmisteen hyöty–haitta-tasapainon jatkuvan arvioinnin. Terveydenhuollon ammattilaisia pyydetään ilmoittamaan kaikista epäillyistä haittavaikutuksista liitteessä V esitetyn kansallisen ilmoitusjärjestelmän kautta.
4.9. Yliannostus
Oireet
Glykopyrroniumin yliannostuksen seurauksena voi olla antikolinerginen syndrooma, jonka aiheuttaa neurotransmission estyminen muskariinireseptoripaikoissa. Kliinisiä oireita aiheuttavat keskushermostolliset vaikutukset, ääreishermostolliset vaikutukset tai nämä molemmat. Yleisiä oireita ovat punoitus, kuiva iho ja limakalvot, mydriaasi ja silmien mukautumiskyvyn häviäminen, muuttunut psyykkinen tila ja kuume. Muita oireita ovat sinustakykardia, suolistoäänien väheneminen, toiminnallinen ileus, virtsaumpi, hypertensio, vapina ja myokloniset nykäykset.
Hallinta
Mikäli potilaalla ilmenee antikolinergistä toksisuutta, hänet on vietävä lähimmälle päivystyspoliklinikalle, jossa on tarjolla edistykselliset hoitotoimenpiteet (elämää ylläpitävät mahdollisuudet). Gastrointestinaalista puhdistusta aktiivihiilellä ennen sairaalahoitoa ei suositella mahdollisen somnolenssin ja kohtausten vuoksi, joiden seurauksena voi olla keuhkoaspiraatioriski. Sairaalassa aktiivihiiltä voidaan antaa, mikäli potilaan hengitystiet voidaan asianmukaisesti suojata. Fysostigmiinisalisylaatin käyttö on suositeltavaa, kun potilaalla ilmenee takydysrytmiaa ja siitä aiheutuvaa hemodynamiikan heikentymistä, voimakkaita ja vaikeasti hoidettavia kohtauksia, vakavaa levottomuutta tai psykoosia.
Potilaita ja/tai vanhempia/huoltajia on ohjeistettava varmistamaan, että annos on aina oikea, jotta annostusvirheiden tai yliannostuksen yhteydessä ilmenevät glykopyrroniumin antikolinergiset haittavaikutukset voidaan välttää.
5. FARMAKOLOGISET OMINAISUUDET
5.1. Farmakodynamiikka
Farmakoterapeuttinen ryhmä: Toiminnallisiin gastrointestinaalisiin häiriöihin tarkoitetut lääkevalmisteet, synteettiset antikolinergit, kvaternaariset ammoniumyhdisteet. ATC-koodi: A03AB02.
Glykopyrronium on kvaternaarinen ammonium-antimuskariini, jonka ääreisvaikutukset ovat vastaavat kuin atropiinissa.
Antimuskariinit ovat asetyylikoliinin toimintojen kilpailukykyisiä inhibiittoreita autonomisten vaikuttajapaikkojen muskariinireseptoreissa, joita hermottavat parasympaattiset (kolinergiset postganglionaariset) hermot. Lisäksi ne estävät asetyylikoliinin toimintaa silloin, kun sileästä lihaksesta puuttuu kolinerginen hermotus.
Syljeneritystä välittää pääasiallisesti sylkirauhasten parasympaattinen hermotus. Glykopyrronium estää kilpailukykyisesti sylkirauhasten ja muiden ääreiskudosten kolinergisiä muskariinireseptoreita ja vähentää näin välillisesti syljeneritystä. Glykopyrroniumilla on vähän vaikutusta kolinergisiin ärsykkeisiin nikotiini-asetyylikoliinireseptoreissa, postganglionaaristen kolinergisten hermosolujen hermottamiin rakenteisiin ja sileisiin lihaksiin, jotka reagoivat asetyylikoliiniin, mutta joilla ei ole kolinergistä hermotusta.
Annoksen kasvaessa ilmeneviä antimuskariinisia ääreisvaikutuksia ovat sylki-, keuhkoputki- ja hikirauhasten eritteiden vähentyminen, pupillien laajentuminen (mydriaasi) ja akkommodaatiohalvaus (syklopegia), kiihtynyt syke, virtsaamisen estyminen ja gastrointestinaalisten äänien väheneminen ja vatsahapon erityksen estyminen.
Plasebokontrolloidut tehoa koskevat tiedot sisältävät potilaita, joiden hoidon kesto oli 8 viikkoa. Yli 8 viikon hoidosta ei ole saatavilla plasebo- tai vertailukontrolloituja tietoja.
Zeller et al 2012a arvioivat glykopyrroniumbromidi-oraaliliuoksen (1 mg/5 ml) tehoa ongelmallisen syljenerityksen hallinnassa, jota esiintyy CP-oireyhtymän ja muiden neurologisten sairauksien yhteydessä. Tutkimuksessa 38 iältään 3–23-vuotiasta ja painoltaan vähintään 12,2 kg potilasta, joilla on vakava runsas syljenerityshäiriö (vaatteet märät 5–7 päivänä/viikko), satunnaistettiin kahdeksan viikon hoitoon glykopyrroniumilla (n = 20), 20–100 μg/kg (ei yli 3 mg yhteensä) kolme kertaa vuorokaudessa, tai vastaavalle plasebolle (n = 18). Ensimmäiset neljä viikkoa muodostivat yksilöllisen titrausjakson, joka sisälsi määrättyjä vaiheita saadun vasteen mukaan, minkä jälkeen seurasi neljän viikon ylläpitohoito. Ensisijainen tehoa mittaava ominaisuus oli prosenttiosuutena määritetty responderiarvo, joksi määritettiin vähintään 3 pisteen parannus syljeneritystä mittaavalla mTDSasteikolla (modified Teacher's Drooling Scale). Ensisijaista analyysiryhmää muutettiin niin, että siihen kuului vain iältään 3–16-vuotiaita potilaita, joista 19 kuului glykopyrrolaattioraaliliuosta saaneeseen ryhmään ja 17 plaseboryhmään. Responderiarvoksi määritettiin vähintään 3 pisteen parannus syljeneritystä mittaavalla mTDS-asteikolla (modified Teacher's Drooling Scale)
Lisäksi lääkäreistä 84 % ja vanhemmista/huoltajista 100 % katsoi glykopyrrolaatin hyödylliseksi verrattuna lumelääkkeeseen (p ≤ 0,014), jossa vastaavat prosenttiosuudet olivat lääkäreillä 41 % ja vanhemmilla/huoltajilla 56 %. Yleisimmin raportoituja hoidosta aiheutuvia haittavaikutuksia (glykopyrrolaatti vs. lumelääke) olivat suun kuivuminen, ummetus, oksentelu ja nenän tukkoisuus.
Glykopyrroniumin turvallisuutta ja tehoa on tutkittu avoimin merkinnöin tehtävässä tutkimuksessa ilman kontrolliryhmää 24 viikon ajan ja 3–18-vuotiaille lapsille. Viikolla 24 / poistumiskäynti, 52,3 prosentilla (95 %:n luottamusväli 43,7–60,9) potilaista (n=130) oli alkutilanteeseen verrattuna vähintään kolmeen pisteen lasku mTDS-asteikolla, ja heidät luokiteltiin respondereiksi oraaliliuoksena annettavalle glykopyrrolaattihoidolle. Haittavaikutusprofiili oli yhdenmukainen antikolinergien profiilin kanssa (katso kohdat 4.4 ja 4.8).
5.2. Farmakokinetiikka
Verrattaessa yhtä 50 µg/kg:n oraaliannosta ja yhtä 5 µg/kg:n laskimonsisäisesti annettavaa annosta oraalisen glykopyrroniumin biologisen hyötyosuuden absoluuttinen keskiarvo oli alhainen ja noin 3 % (vaihtelualue 1,3–13,3 %) iältään 7–14-vuotiailla lapsilla, joille tehtiin intraokulaarinen leikkaus (n = 6) lääkevalmisteen lipidien alhaisen liukenevuuden vuoksi. Lapsille harvaan tehdystä
farmakokineettisestä näytteenotosta saatujen tietojen perusteella suositellaan annoksesta riippuvaista farmakokinetiikkaa.
Oraalisen glykopuyrroniumin biologinen hyötyosuus lapsilla sijoittui aliravittujen ja paastonneiden aikuisten väliin. Antaminen yhtä aikaa ruoan kanssa pienentää glykopyrroniumiin liittyvää systeemistä altistusta merkittävästi.
Aikuisilla glykopyrroniumin jakautuminen oli nopeaa yhden 6 µg/kg:n laskimonsisäisesti annetun annoksen jälkeen: jakautumisen puoliintumisaika oli 2,2 ± 1,3 minuuttia. 3 H-merkityn glykopyrroniumin antamisen jälkeen yli 90 % radioaktiivisesta merkkiaineesta hävisi plasmasta 5 minuutissa ja lähes 100 % hävisi 30 minuutissa, mikä osoittaa nopeaa jakautumista. Glykopyrroniumia saaneille (antoreittiä ja annostuksia ei määritetty) terveille aikuisille ja CPoireyhtymää ja siihen liittyvää kohtalaista tai vakavaa kroonista runsasta syljeneritystä sairastaville lapsille tehdyistä populaatiofarmakokineettisistä analyyseistä saatujen tietojen perusteella lääkevalmiste ei osoittanut lineaarista farmakokinetiikkaa.
Jakautumistilavuus 0,64 ± 0,29 l/kg aikuisilla vastaa kehon kokonaisnestepitoisuutta. Pediatrisissa populaatioissa jakautumistilavuus on jonkin verran suurempi ja vaihtelee välillä 1,31–1,83 l/kg.
Glykopyrroniumin farmakokinetiikan on osoitettu olevan olennaisesti riippuvainen lapsen iästä ikähaarukassa19 kuukautta – 14 vuotta lapsilla, jotka saavat 5 µg/kg:n laskimonsisäisen yksittäisannoksen. Useimmilla pediatrisilla potilailla plasman glykopyrroniumin käyrän suhteessa aikakäyrään on raportoitu olevan trieksponentiaalinen, kun aikuisilla vastaava käyrä on yleensä bieksponentiaalinen. Jakautumistilavuudessa (Vss) ja puhdistumassa (Cl) on havaittu lieviä muutoksia 1–3-vuotiailla lapsilla, mikä johtaa tilastollisesti merkittävään lyhyempään eliminaation puoliintumisaikaan (t½, z) kuin mitä on havaittu nuoremmissa (alle 1-vuotiaissa; p = 0,037) tai vanhemmissa (yli 3-vuotiaissa; p = 0,042) ikäryhmissä.
Terveille aikuisille tehdyssä tutkimuksessa glykobyrronium bromidia 2 000 µg:n yksittäisannos tuotti AUC-arvoksi 2,39 µg.h/l (paasto). AUC0-6 h-arvo 8,64 µg.h/l havaittiin sen jälkeen, kun glykopyrroniumia oli annettu laskimonsisäisesti 6 µg/kg.
Teoreettisten fysikaaliskemiallisten näkökohtien perusteella kvaternaarisiin ammoniumyhdisteisiin kuuluvalla glykopyrroniumilla odotetaan olevan alhainen biologinen keskihyötyosuus. Glykopyrroniumia ei ollut havaittavissa nukutettujen leikkauspotilaiden tai keisarinleikkauksessa olevien potilaiden aivo-selkäydinnesteessä 6–8 µg/kg:n laskimonsisäisen annoksen jälkeen. Pediatrisessa populaatiossa 5 µg/kg:n laskimonsisäisellä glykopyrroniumilla on alhainen biologinen keskihyötyosuus, paitsi tilanteissa, joissa veri-aivoeste on vaurioitunut (esim. suntin tulehtumisen vuoksi).
Glykopyrroniumin ensisijainen eliminaatioreitti on munuaiserityksen kautta, pääasiassa muuttumattomana lääkevalmisteena. Laskimonsisäisesti annetusta annoksesta noin 65 % erittyy munuaisten kautta ensimmäisten 24 tunnin aikana, Pieni osuus (~5 %) eliminoituu sapessa.
Antoreitti näyttää vaikuttavan glykopyrroniumin eliminaation puoliintumisaikaan, joka laskimonsisäisen annon jälkeen on 0,83 ± 0,27 tuntia, lihaksensisäisen annon jälkeen 75 minuuttia ja oraalisesti otetun annoksen (liuoksen) jälkeen 2,5–4 tuntia, vaikka näissäkin oli suurta vaihtelua. Se, että kahden jälkimmäisen antotavan, ja niistä erityisesti oraalisen antotavan, puoliintumisajat ovat pidempiä kuin laskimonsisäisessä annossa, heijastaa todennäköisesti glykopyrroniumin monimutkaista imeytymistä ja jakautumista kullakin reitillä. On mahdollista, että pidempään kestävä imeytyminen oraalisen annon jälkeen johtaa eliminaatioon, joka on imeytymistä nopeampaa (tunnetaan flip-flopkinetiikkana, jolle on ominaista, että imeytymisen nopeusvakio Ka on pienempi kuin eliminaationopeus Ke).
Lääkevalmisteen koko kehon puhdistuma laskimonsisäisen annoksen jälkeen on suhteellisen korkea, välillä 0,54 ± 0,14 l/h/kg ja 1,14 ± 0,31 l/h/kg.Koska tämä ylittää munuaisen suodatusnopeuden ja vaikuttaa siltä, että yli 50 % annoksesta erittyy muuttumattomana virtsaan, on todennäköistä, että
glykopyrroniumin munuaisten kautta tapahtuvaan eliminaatioon sisältyy sekä munuaissuodatus että proksimaalinen tubulaarinen eritys peruseritysmekanismin kautta.
Systeemisessä kokonaisaltistuksessa (AUClast) keskimääräisen kasvun havaittiin enimmillään 1,4kertaistuvan aikuispotilailla, joilla oli lievä tai kohtalainen munuaisen vajaatoiminta (GFR ≥30 ml/min/1,73 m 2 ), ja enimmillään 2,2-kertaistuvan potilailla, joilla oli vakava munuaisen vajaatoiminta tai loppuvaiheen munuaissairaus (arvioitu GFR <30 ml/min/1,73 m 2 ). Annosta on pienennettävä 30 % (katso taulukko 2) potilailla, joilla on lievä tai kohtalainen munuaisen vajaatoiminta. Glykopyrronium on vasta-aiheinen potilailla, joilla on vakava munuaisen vajaatoiminta.
Perusominaisuudet (ikä, paino, sukupuoli ja rotu) eivät vaikuta glykopyrroniumin farmakokinetiikkaan.
Maksan vajaatoiminnan ei odoteta vaikuttavan glykopyrroniumin farmakokinetiikkaan, sillä suurin osa lääkevalmisteesta eliminoidaan munuaisten kautta.
Antaminen yhtä aikaa ruoan kanssa pienentää glykopyrroniumin systeemistä altistusta merkittävästi (katso kohta 4.2).
5.3. Prekliiniset tiedot turvallisuudesta
Sialanaria koskevia ei-kliinisiä tietoja ei ole saatavilla, mukaan lukien geenitoksisuus- ja karsinogeenisuustutkimukset.
Farmakologista turvallisuutta tai toistuvan altistuksen aiheuttamaa toksisuutta koskevien konventionaalisten tutkimusten tulokset eivät viittaa erityiseen vaaraan ihmisille.
Vaikka tutkimustietoja on saatavilla rajallisesti, glykopyrroniumin yksittäisannoksen toksisuus on testattu useissa tutkimuksissa. Oraalisen antomenetelmän yhteydessä raportoitiin korkeita LD50-arvoja, hiirillä 550 mg/kg ja rotilla yli 1 000 mg/kg. Suurempia annoksia (1 500–2 000 mg/kg) saaneilla rotilla havaittiin vapinaa, kloonisia ja toonisia kouristuksia ja vaivalloista hengitystä ennen kuolemaa, joka seurasi hengityshäiriöitä.
Glykpyrroniumin pitkäaikainen oraalinen anto koirille 4, 16 ja 64 mg/kg:n annoksina enimmillään 27 viikon ajan aiheutti mydriaasia, sykloplegiaa, kserostomiaa, oksentelua, ajoittaista kyyneleritystä, punasilmäisyyttä ja vetistä nenävuotoa.
Turvamarginaalien ekstrapolointi pediatriseen populaatioon ei ole mahdollista, sillä tietoja toistuvan altistuksen aiheuttamaa toksisuutta koskevista tutkimuksista ei ole saatavilla ja glykopyrroniumilla ei ole tehty tutkimuksia nuorille eläimille.
Tietoja glykopyrroniumin vaikutuksista lisääntymiselimistöön on hyvin rajallisesti. Glykopyrroniumia saaneilla naarasrotilla havaittiin keltarauhasen pienentymistä. Urosrotilla ei havaittu vaikutuksia hedelmällisyyteen. Glykopyrroniumia saaneiden rottien lisääntymiskykyä tutkittaessa hedelmöittymisten määrän ja vieroituksen aikaisen eloonjäämisluvun havaittiin laskevan. Ei-kliinisten löydösten merkitys ihmisille ei ole selvää, ja lääkevalmisteen ihmisiä koskevien tietojen puuttumisen vuoksi glykopyrronium on vasta-aiheinen raskaana olevilla naisilla. Julkisesti ei ole saatavilla riittävästi tietoja, jotta lääkkeen vaikutuksia nuorten aikuisten lisääntymiselimiin voitaisiin arvioida, ja turvallisuutta ihmisraskauksissa ei ole osoitettu.
6. FARMASEUTTISET TIEDOT
6.1. Apuaineet
Natriumbentsoaatti (E211) Vadelma-aromi (sisältää propyleeniglykolia E1520) Sukraloosi (E955)
Sitruunahappo (E330)
Puhdistettu vesi
6.2. Yhteensopimattomuudet
Koska yhteensopimattomuustutkimuksia ei ole tehty, lääkevalmistetta ei saa sekoittaa muiden lääkevalmisteiden kanssa.
6.3. Kestoaika
Kaksi vuotta.
2 kuukautta ensimmäisen avaamisen jälkeen.
6.4. Säilytys
Säilytä alle 25ºC.
6.5. Pakkaustyyppi ja pakkauskoko (pakkauskoot)
Meripihkanvärinen lasipullo, jossa suurtiheyspolyeteenistä valmistettu, sinetöity, lapsiturvallinen suljin ja leveä pientiheyspolyeteenistä valmistettu tiiviste. Pullo sisältää 60 ml tai 250 ml oraaliliuosta.
Pakkauskoko sisältää yhden pullon, yhden 8 ml:n pientiheyspolyeteenistä valmistetun mittaruiskun (asteikon mittaväli 0,1 ml) ja yhden ruiskuadapterin.
Kaikkia pakkauskokoja ei välttämättä ole myynnissä.
6.6. Erityiset varotoimet hävittämiselle ja muut käsittelyohjeet
Käyttöohjeet
Työnnä ruiskuadapteri pullon kaulaan. Työnnä mittaruiskun pää ruiskuadapteriin ja varmista, että se on tiukasti paikoillaan. Käännä pullo ylösalaisin. Vedä mäntää varovaisesti alas oikeaan tasoon (katso oikea annos taulukoista 1 ja 2). Käännä pullo pystyasentoon. Irrota mittaruisku. Aseta mittaruisku lapsen suuhun ja paina mäntää hitaasti, jotta ruisku tyhjenee lääkkeestä tasaisesti. Jos lääkettä annetaan lapselle syöttöletkun kautta, huuhtele letku 10 ml:lla vettä lääkkeen antamisen jälkeen.
Käyttämätön lääkevalmiste tai jäte on hävitettävä paikallisten vaatimusten mukaisesti.
7. MYYNTILUVAN HALTIJA
Proveca Pharma Limited Marine House Clanwilliam Place Dublin 2 Irlanti.
8. MYYNTILUVAN NUMERO(T)
EU/1/16/1135/001 (250 ml:n pullo)
EU/1/16/1135/002 (60 ml:n pullo)
9. MYYNTILUVAN MYÖNTÄMISPÄIVÄMÄÄRÄ/UUDISTAMISPÄIVÄMÄÄRÄ
Myyntiluvan myöntämisen päivämäärä: 15. syyskuuta 2016
10. TEKSTIN MUUTTAMISPÄIVÄMÄÄRÄ
{KK/VVVV}
Lisätietoa tästä lääkevalmisteesta on Euroopan lääkeviraston verkkosivuilla http://www.ema.europa.eu
LIITE II
A. ERÄN VAPAUTTAMISESTA VASTAAVA VALMISTAJA
B. TOIMITTAMISEEN JA KÄYTTÖÖN LIITTYVÄT EHDOT TAI RAJOITUKSET
C. MYYNTILUVAN MUUT EHDOT JA EDELLYTYKSET
D. EHDOT TAI RAJOITUKSET, JOTKA KOSKEVAT LÄÄKEVALMISTEEN TURVALLISTA JA TEHOKASTA KÄYTTÖÄ
A. ERÄN VAPAUTTAMISESTA VASTAAVA VALMISTAJA
Erän vapauttamisesta vastaavan valmistajan nimi ja osoite
BCM Limited Thane Road Beeston Nottingham Nottinghamshire NG90 2PR Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta
B. TOIMITTAMISEEN JA KÄYTTÖÖN LIITTYVÄT EHDOT TAI RAJOITUKSET
Reseptilääke, jonka määräämiseen liittyy rajoitus (ks. liite I: valmisteyhteenvedon kohta 4.2)
C. MYYNTILUVAN MUUT EHDOT JA EDELLYTYKSET
* Määräaikaiset turvallisuuskatsaukset
Tämän lääkevalmisteen osalta velvoitteet määräaikaisten turvallisuuskatsausten toimittamisesta on määritelty Euroopan unionin viitepäivämäärät (EURD) ja toimittamisvaatimukset sisältävässä luettelossa, josta on säädetty direktiivin 2001/83/EY 107 c artiklan 7 kohdassa, ja kaikissa luettelon myöhemmissä päivityksissä, jotka on julkaistu Euroopan lääkeviraston verkkosivuilla.
Myyntiluvanhaltijan tulee toimittaa tälle valmisteelle ensimmäinen määräaikainen turvallisuuskatsaus kuuden kuukauden kuluessa myyntiluvan myöntämisestä.
D. EHDOT TAI RAJOITUKSET, JOTKA KOSKEVAT LÄÄKEVALMISTEEN TURVALLISTA JA TEHOKASTA KÄYTTÖÄ
* Riskinhallintasuunnitelma (RMP)
Myyntiluvan haltijan on suoritettava vaaditut lääketurvatoimet ja interventiot myyntiluvan moduulissa 1.8.2 esitetyn sovitun riskinhallintasuunnitelman sekä mahdollisten sovittujen riskinhallintasuunnitelman myöhempien päivitysten mukaisesti.
Päivitetty RMP tulee toimittaa
* Euroopan lääkeviraston pyynnöstä
* kun riskinhallintajärjestelmää muutetaan, varsinkin kun saadaan uutta tietoa, joka saattaa johtaa hyöty-riskiprofiilin merkittävään muutokseen, tai kun on saavutettu tärkeä tavoite (lääketurvatoiminnassa tai riskien minimoinnissa).
* Lisätoimenpiteet riskien minimoimiseksi
Ennen Sialanarin tuomista kunkin jäsenvaltion markkinoille myyntiluvan haltijan on sovittava toimivaltaisen kansallisen viranomaisen kanssa tiedotusmateriaalin sisällöstä ja muodosta, mukaan lukien viestintävälineet, jakelutavat ja ohjelman muut mahdolliset näkökohdat.
17
Ohjelman tavoitteita ovat:
* Sialanarin antamista koskevien tietojen antaminen erityisesti määrätyn annoksen täsmällisestä käytöstä, antamisajankohdasta ennen aterioita, Sialanarin käytön välttämisestä runsasrasvaisten ruokien kanssa, mittaruiskun käytöstä ja muistilistan lopussa olevasta antotaulukosta, joka muistuttaa potilaan huoltajaa oikeasta lapselle annettavasta annoksesta
* tietojen antaminen antikolinergisten reaktioiden hallinnasta ja minimisoinnista, erityisesti ummetuksen, virtsaummen, keuhkokuumeen, ylilämpöriskin, keskushermostollisten vaikutusten ja yliannostuksen hallinnasta ja allergisista reaktioista. Lisäksi materiaaleissa tulee korostaa antikolinergisten reaktioiden havaitsemisen vaikeutta hoidetussa potilasryhmässä ja tarvetta annoksen pienentämiseen edelliseen annoskokoon, mikäli potilaalla epäillään lääkkeen aiheuttamia haittavaikutuksia, minkä jälkeen on ohjeistettava ottamaan yhteyttä lääkäriin. Materiaaleissa tulee lisäksi ohjeistaa välttämään altistumista kuumalle ilmalle ja ylilämmölle, ja niissä tulee kertoa vähentyneeseen syljeneritykseen liittyvästä kariesriskistä ja tarpeesta säännölliselle hammashygienialle ja hammastarkastuksille sekä sykkeen tarkastamisesta säännöllisin väliajoin.
Myyntiluvan haltijan tulee huolehtia, että kaikissa jäsenvaltioissa, joissa Sialanaria markkinoidaan, kaikilla terveydenhuollon ammattilaisilla ja potilailla/huoltajilla, joiden oletetaan määräävän, jakavan tai käyttävän Sialanaria, on käytettävissään seuraavat tiedotusmateriaalit:
Lääkärin tiedotusmateriaalien tulee sisältää seuraavat:
o valmisteyhteenveto
o muistutukset raportoinnin tärkeydestä, mikäli seuraavia erityisiä haittavaikutuksia ilmenee: virtsaumpi, ummetus, keuhkokuume, allergiset reaktiot, hampaiden karies, vaikutukset sydämeen ja verenkiertoelimistöön, keskushermostolliset vaikutukset ja ylilämpö
o tietoa lääkkeen käyttötutkimuksesta, jotta voidaan valvoa ja arvioida riskien minimoinnin lisätoimenpiteiden tehokkuutta antikolinergisten haittavaikutusten osalta, jotka voivat olla annosriippuvaisia, ja tietoa käyttötutkimukseen osallistumisen tärkeydestä
o lääkemääräyksen kirjoittajan muistilistan, jonka on sisällettävä seuraavat tärkeimmät viestit:
* antikolinergisten reaktioiden hallinta ja minimointi.
* Sialanarin antamista koskevat tiedot
* Potilaan tietomateriaalien tulee sisältää seuraavat:
o potilaan huoltajalle annettava muistilista, jonka on sisällettävä seuraavat tärkeimmät viestit:
o pakkausseloste
* Sialanarin antamista koskevat tiedot
* antikolinergisten reaktioiden hallinta ja minimointi.
LIITE III
MYYNTIPÄÄLLYSMERKINNÄT JA PAKKAUSSELOSTE
A. MYYNTIPÄÄLLYSMERKINNÄT
ULKOPAKKAUKSESSA ON OLTAVA SEURAAVAT MERKINNÄT
1. LÄÄKEVALMISTEEN NIMI
Sialanar 320 mikrog/ml oraaliliuos
Glykopyrronium
2. VAIKUTTAVA(T) AINE(ET)
Yksi millilitra liuosta sisältää 400 mikrogrammaa glykopyrroniumbromidia, mikä vastaa 320 mikrogrammaa glykopyrroniumia.
3. LUETTELO APUAINEISTA
Sisältää natriumbentsoaattia (E211). Katso lisätietoja pakkausselosteesta.
4. LÄÄKEMUOTO JA SISÄLLÖN MÄÄRÄ
Oraaliliuos
Yksi 60 ml:n pullo
Yksi 8 ml:n mittaruisku
Yksi ruiskuadapteri.
Yksi 250 ml:n pullo
Yksi 8 ml:n mittaruisku
Yksi ruiskuadapteri.
5. ANTOTAPA JA TARVITTAESSA ANTOREITTI (ANTOREITIT)
Suun kautta.
Lue pakkausseloste ennen käyttöä.
6. ERITYISVAROITUS VALMISTEEN SÄILYTTÄMISESTÄ POISSA LASTEN ULOTTUVILTA JA NÄKYVILTÄ
Ei lasten ulottuville eikä näkyville.
7. MUU ERITYISVAROITUS (MUUT ERITYISVAROITUKSET), JOS TARPEEN
8. VIIMEINEN KÄYTTÖPÄIVÄMÄÄRÄ
EXP
Käytettävä ensimmäisen avaamisen jälkeen 2 kuukauden sisällä.
Avaamispäivämäärä: _________
9. ERITYISET SÄILYTYSOLOSUHTEET
Säilytä alle 25ºC.
10. ERITYISET VAROTOIMET KÄYTTÄMÄTTÖMIEN LÄÄKEVALMISTEIDEN TAI NIISTÄ PERÄISIN OLEVAN JÄTEMATERIAALIN HÄVITTÄMISEKSI, JOS TARPEEN
11. MYYNTILUVAN HALTIJAN NIMI JA OSOITE
Proveca Pharma Ltd
Marine House
Clanwilliam Place
Dublin 2
Irlanti
12. MYYNTILUVAN NUMERO(T)
EU/1/16/1135/001 - 250 ml:n pullo
EU/1/16/1135/002 - 60 ml:n pullo
13. VALMISTAJAN ERÄNUMERO
BN
14. YLEINEN TOIMITTAMISLUOKITTELU
15. KÄYTTÖOHJEET
16. TIEDOT PISTEKIRJOITUKSELLA
Sialanar
Oraaliliuos
17. YKSILÖLLINEN TUNNISTE – 2D-VIIVAKOODI
2D-viivakoodi, joka sisältää yksilöllisen tunnisteen.
18. YKSILÖLLISET TUNNISTEET – LUETTAVISSA OLEVAT TIEDOT
PC:
SN:
NN:
SISÄPAKKAUKSISSA ON OLTAVA SEURAAVAT MERKINNÄT LASIPULLO
1. LÄÄKEVALMISTEEN NIMI
Sialanar 320 mikrog/ml oraaliliuos
Glykopyrronium
2. VAIKUTTAVA(T) AINE(ET)
Yksi millilitra liuosta sisältää 400 mikrogrammaa glykopyrroniumbromidia, mikä vastaa 320 mikrogrammaa glykopyrroniumia.
3. LUETTELO APUAINEISTA
Sisältää natriumbentsoaattia (E211). Katso lisätietoja pakkausselosteesta.
4. LÄÄKEMUOTO JA SISÄLLÖN MÄÄRÄ
Oraaliliuos
60 ml
250 ml
5. ANTOTAPA JA TARVITTAESSA ANTOREITTI (ANTOREITIT)
Suun kautta.
Lue pakkausseloste ennen käyttöä.
6. ERITYISVAROITUS VALMISTEEN SÄILYTTÄMISESTÄ POISSA LASTEN ULOTTUVILTA JA NÄKYVILTÄ
Ei lasten ulottuville eikä näkyville.
7. MUU ERITYISVAROITUS (MUUT ERITYISVAROITUKSET), JOS TARPEEN
8. VIIMEINEN KÄYTTÖPÄIVÄMÄÄRÄ
EXP
Käytettävä ensimmäisen avaamisen jälkeen 2 kuukauden sisällä.
Avaamispäivämäärä: ____________
9. ERITYISET SÄILYTYSOLOSUHTEET
Säilytä alle 25ºC.
10. ERITYISET VAROTOIMET KÄYTTÄMÄTTÖMIEN LÄÄKEVALMISTEIDEN TAI NIISTÄ PERÄISIN OLEVAN JÄTEMATERIAALIN HÄVITTÄMISEKSI, JOS TARPEEN
11. MYYNTILUVAN HALTIJAN NIMI JA OSOITE
Proveca Pharma Ltd
Marine House
Clanwilliam Place
Dublin 2
Irlanti
12. MYYNTILUVAN NUMERO(T)
EU/1/16/1135/001 – 250 ml:n pullo
EU/1/16/1135/002 – 60 ml:n pullo
13. VALMISTAJAN ERÄNUMERO
BN
14. YLEINEN TOIMITTAMISLUOKITTELU
15. KÄYTTÖOHJEET
16. TIEDOT PISTEKIRJOITUKSELLA
B. PAKKAUSSELOSTE
Pakkausseloste: Tietoa käyttäjälle
Sialanar 320 mikrog/ml oraaliliuos
Glykopyrronium
Lue tämä pakkausseloste huolellisesti ennen kuin lapsesi aloittaa lääkkeen ottamisen, sillä se sisältää sinulle tärkeitä tietoja.
− Jos sinulla on kysyttävää, käänny lääkärin tai apteekkihenkilökunnan puoleen.
− Säilytä tämä pakkausseloste. Voit tarvita sitä myöhemmin.
− Tämä lääke on määrätty vain lapsellesi, eikä sitä tule antaa muiden käyttöön. Se voi aiheuttaa haittaa heille, vaikka heidän oireensa olisivat samat kuin lapsellasi.
− Jos havaitset haittavaikutuksia, kerro niistä lääkärille tai apteekkihenkilökunnalle. Tämä koskee myös sellaisia mahdollisia haittavaikutuksia, joita ei ole mainittu tässä pakkausselosteessa. Ks. kohta 4.
Tässä pakkausselosteessa kerrotaan:
1. Mitä Sialanar on ja mihin sitä käytetään
3. Miten Sialanaria käytetään
2. Mitä sinun on tiedettävä, ennen kuin annat Sialanaria
4. Mahdolliset haittavaikutukset
6. Pakkauksen sisältö ja muuta tietoa
5. Sialanarin säilyttäminen
1. Mitä Sialanar on ja mihin sitä käytetään
Sialanar on lääke, jonka vaikuttava aine on glykopyrronium. Glykopyrronium kuuluu kvartenaaristen ammoniumantikolinergien lääkeryhmään, jotka ovat hermosolujen keskinäistä välitystä estäviä tai vähentäviä aineita. Välityksen vähentyminen voi estää sylkeä tuottavien solujen toimintaa.
Sialanaria käytetään runsaan syljenerityksen (sialorrean) hoitoon yli 3-vuotiailla lapsilla ja nuorilla.
Sialorrea (kuolaaminen tai runsas syljeneritys) on yleinen oire monissa hermo- ja lihassairauksissa. Pääasiassa sen aiheuttaa kasvolihasten heikko kontrolli. Akuuttiin sialorreaan voi liittyä kroonista, matala-asteista tulehdusta (inflammaatio) tai hammas- tai suun alueen tulehduksia (infektioita).
Sialanar vähentää syljeneritystä vaikuttamalla sylkirauhasiin.
2. Mitä sinun on tiedettävä, ennen kuin annat Sialanaria
Älä anna Sialanaria lapselle tai nuorelle,
− joka on raskaana tai imettää
− joka on allerginen glykopyrroniumille tai tämän lääkkeen jollekin muulle aineelle (lueteltu kohdassa 6)
− joka sairastaa glaukoomaa (kohonnut silmänpaine)
− joka sairastaa vakavaa munuaissairautta
− joka ei pysty tyhjentämään virtsarakkoa kokonaan (virtsaumpi)
− jolla on maha-ahtauma (mahanportin ahtauma) tai suolistosta aiheutuvaa oksentelua
− jolla on haavainen koliitti (suolistotulehdus)
− jolla on ripuli (toistuva löysä ja vetinen uloste)
− jolla on mahakipua ja turvotusta (paralyyttinen ileus)
− jolla on myasthenia gravis (lihasheikkous ja lihasten väsyminen)
−
joka käyttää jotakin seuraavista lääkkeistä (katso kohta Muut lääkevalmisteet ja Sialanar):
antikolinergiset lääkkeet.
kaliumkloridin kiinteät, suun kautta otettavat annokset
Varoitukset ja varotoimet
Keskustele lääkärin tai apteekkihenkilökunnan kanssa ennen Sialanarin käyttöä, jos lapsella on
* ruuansulatukseen liittyviä häiriöitä (ummetusta, kroonista närästystä ja ruoansulatushäiriöitä)
* sydänsairaus, sydämen vajaatoiminta, epäsäännölliset sydämenlyönnit tai korkea verenpaine
* korkea lämpötila (kuume)
* munuaisongelmia tai virtsaamisvaikeuksia
* kyvyttömyys hikoilla normaalisti
* epänormaali veri-aivoeste (aivoja ympäröivä solukerros).
Jos olet epävarma siitä, koskeeko jokin edellä mainituista omaa lastasi, keskustele lääkärin tai apteekkihenkilökunnan kanssa ennen Sialanarin antamista.
Vältä lapsen altistamista kuumalle tai erittäin lämpimälle lämpötilalle (kuuma sää, korkea huoneenlämpötila) ylilämmön tai mahdollisen lämpöhalvauksen estämiseksi. Tarkista lapsen lääkäriltä kuumalla ilmalla, pitääkö Sialanarin annosta pienentää.
Syljenerityksen vähentyminen voi lisätä hammassairauksien riskiä, minkä vuoksi lapsen hampaat tulee harjata päivittäin ja hänelle on tehtävä säännöllisesti hammastarkastuksia.
Annosta voidaan pienentää, mikäli lapsella on munuaisongelmia.
Tarkista lapsen pulssi, jos hän vaikuttaa huonovointiselta. Ilmoita lapsen lääkärille, mikäli syke on erittäin hidas tai erittäin nopea.
Alle 3-vuotiaat lapset
Sialanaria ei suositella alle 3-vuotiaille lapsille.
Tämä lääke on suun kautta annosteltava eli oraalinen, ja se on tarkoitettu käytettäväksi erityisesti yli 3vuotiaiden lasten ja nuorten hoitoon.
Muut lääkevalmisteet ja Sialanar
Kerro lääkärille tai apteekkihenkilökunnalle, jos lapsi käyttää parhaillaan tai on hiljattain käyttänyt tai saattaa käyttää muita lääkkeitä.
Erityisesti seuraavien lääkkeiden yhteiskäyttö Sialanarin kanssa voi vaikuttaa siihen, miten Sialanar vaikuttaa tai miten luetellut lääkkeet toimivat, tai yhteiskäyttö niiden kanssa voi lisätä haittavaikutusten riskiä:
* antikolinergiset lääkkeet (katso edellä oleva kohta "Älä anna Sialanaria lapselle tai nuorelle:")
* kaliumkloridin kiinteät, suun kautta otettavat (oraaliset) annokset (katso edellä oleva kohta "Älä anna Sialanaria lapselle tai nuorelle:")
* kramppi- ja kouristuslääkkeet, joita käytetään tiettyjen sairauksien tai pahoinvoinnin hoitoon (kuten domperidone ja metoklopramide)
* antihistamiinit, joita käytetään joidenkin allergioiden hoitoon
* topiramaatti, jota käytetään epilepsian hoitoon
* neuroleptiset/antipsykoottiset lääkkeet (klotsapiini, haloperidoli, fentiatsiini), joita käytetään joidenkin mielisairauksien hoitoon
* masennuslääkkeet (trisykliset masennuslääkkeet)
* luustolihasrelaksantit (botulinumtoksiini)
* opioidit, joita käytetään vaikean kivun hoitoon
* kortikosteroidit, joita käytetään tulehdussairauksien hoitoon.
Kysy lääkäriltä tai apteekkihenkilökunnalta lisätietoja lääkkeistä, joiden yhteiskäyttöä Sialanarin kanssa on vältettävä.
Pitkäaikainen käyttö
Sialanarin pitkäaikaisen käytön tehoa ja turvallisuutta ei ole tutkittu yli 24 viikon käytön osalta. Sialanarin jatkuvasta käytöstä on keskusteltava lapsen lääkärin kanssa, ja lääkärintarkastuksessa on käytävä 3 kuukauden välein, jotta voidaan varmistaa, onko Sialanar edelleen oikea lääke lapselle.
Raskaus ja imetys
Tämä lääke on tarkoitettu lasten ja nuorten käyttöön. Sialanaria ei saa antaa, jos potilas on raskaana (tai saattaa olla raskaana) tai imettää (katso sanoilla "Älä anna" alkava kohta 2). Keskustele lapsen lääkärin kanssa, mikäli ehkäisy on tarpeen.
Ajaminen ja koneiden käyttö
Sialanar voi vaikuttaa näkökykyyn ja koordinaatioon. Tämä voi vaikuttaa kykyyn suorittaa taitoa vaativia tehtäviä, kuten ajaa autoa tai polkupyörää tai käyttää koneita. Sialanarin saamisen jälkeen potilaan ei pidä ajaa minkäänlaista ajoneuvoa tai polkupyörää eikä käyttää minkäänlaista konetta ennen kuin vaikutus näkökykyyn ja koordinaatioon on kokonaan poistunut. Kysy tarvittaessa lääkäriltä lisäneuvoja.
Sialanar sisältää natriumia ja bentsoaattia (E211)
Tämän lääkkeen maksimiannos sisältää alle 1 mmol natriumia (23 mg), eli se on olennaisesti natriumiton. Tämä lääke sisältää 2,3 mg bentsoaattia (E211) jokaisessa millilitrassa.
3. Miten Sialanaria käytetään
Käytä tätä lääkettä juuri siten kuin lääkäri on määrännyt. Tarkista ohjeet lääkäriltä, jos olet epävarma.
Lapset ja nuoret 3-vuotiaista enintään 18-vuotiaisiin:
Lääkäri päättää Sialanarin oikean annostuksen. Ensimmäinen annos lasketaan lapsen painon perusteella. Annoksen lisäämisestä päättää lapsen lääkäri käyttämällä alla olevaa taulukkoa ohjeistuksena, ja siihen vaikuttaa sekä Sialanarin teho että potilaan kokemat haittavaikutukset (minkä vuoksi alla olevassa taulukossa on useita annostasoja). Kohdassa 4 on kerrottu Sialanarin käyttöön liittyvät mahdolliset haittavaikutukset. Niistä on keskusteltava lapsen lääkärin kanssa kaikilla lääkärikäynneillä, mukaan lukien käynnit, joilla on tarkoitus lisätä tai pienentää annosta, ja aina, kun olet huolissasi vaikutuksista.
Lasta on tarkkailtava säännöllisin väliajoin (vähintään 3 kuukauden välein), jotta voidaan tarkistaa, onko Sialanar edelleen lapselle oikea hoitomuoto.
Anna lääkärin määräämä annos lapselle kolme kertaa vuorokaudessa. Annos on annettava 1 tunti ennen ateriaa tai 2 tuntia aterian jälkeen.
Annos on tärkeää antaa tasaisin ajoin suhteessa ravinnonsaantiin. Älä anna runsasrasvaisten ruokien kanssa.
Antoreitti
Sialanar tulee ottaa suun kautta.
Käyttöohjeet
Mittaruiskun käyttäminen
Aseta ruiskuadapteri pullon suuaukkoon (apteekkihenkilökunta on voinut tehdä tämän jo valmiiksi). Työnnä mittaruiskun pää ruiskuadapteriin ja varmista, että se on tiukasti paikoillaan.
Poista pullon lapsiturvallinen suljin.
Pidä mittaruiskua paikoillaan ja käännä pullo ylösalaisin. Vedä mäntää varovaisesti alas oikeaan tasoon (katso oikea annos taulukoista). Tarkista, että taso on oikea. Suurimman annoksen enimmäismäärä on 6 ml.
Käännä pullo pystyasentoon.
Irrota mittaruisku pitämällä pullosta kiinni ja kiertämällä mittaruiskua varovaisesti.
Aseta mittaruisku lapsen suuhun ja paina mäntää hitaasti, jotta ruisku tyhjenee lääkkeestä tasaisesti.
Jätä käytön jälkeen ruiskuadapteri pullon kaulaan.
Mittaruisku on pestävä lämpimällä vedellä ja annettava kuivua jokaisen käyttökerran jälkeen (ts. kolme kertaa vuorokaudessa).
Aseta suljin takaisin paikoilleen.
Jos lääkettä annetaan lapselle syöttöletkun kautta, huuhtele letku 10 ml:lla vettä lääkkeen antamisen jälkeen.
Jos annat lapselle liikaa Sialanaria
On tärkeää huolehtia, että annos on aina oikea, jotta annostusvirheiden tai yliannostuksen yhteydessä ilmenevät Sialanarin haittavaikutukset voidaan välttää.
Tarkista ennen Sialanarin antamista, että olet vetänyt mittaruiskuun oikean määrän.
Hae apua lääkäriltä välittömästi, jos lapselle on annettu liian paljon Sialanaria, vaikka hän vaikuttaisikin hyvävointiselta.
Jos unohdat antaa Sialanaria
Anna seuraava annos sen normaaliin aikaan. Älä anna kaksinkertaista annosta korvataksesi unohtamasi annoksen.
Jos lopetat Sialanarin antamisen lapselle
Sialanarin käytön lopettamisen ei odoteta aiheuttavan vieroitusoireita. Lapsen lääkäri voi päättää lopettaa Sialanar-hoidon, jos haittavaikutuksia ei voida hallita annosta pienentämällä.
Jos sinulla on lisää kysymyksiä tämän lääkkeen käytöstä, käänny lääkärin tai apteekkihenkilökunnan puoleen.
4. Mahdolliset haittavaikutukset
Kuten kaikki lääkkeet, tämäkin lääke voi aiheuttaa haittavaikutuksia. Kaikki eivät kuitenkaan niitä saa.
Lopeta lääkkeen käyttö ja hae välittömästi apua lääkäriltä, jos havaitset jonkin seuraavista vakavista haittavaikutuksista.
* virtsaamisvaikeuksia (virtsaumpi) – hyvin yleinen
* ummetus (vaikeuksia ulostamisessa) – hyvin yleinen
* keuhkokuume (vakava keuhkokudoksen tulehdus -) – yleinen
* allerginen reaktio (ihottuma; kutina; punainen ja paukamainen kutiava ihottuma (nokkosihottuma); hengitys- tai nielemisvaikeudet; huimaus) – yleisyyttä ei tunneta
Seuraavat sivuvaikutukset voivat olla merkki vakavasta allergisesta reaktiosta. Mikäli niitä ilmenee, vie lapsi lähimmälle päivystyspoliklinikalle ja ota lääke mukaasi.
* enimmäkseen kielen, huulien, kasvojen tai kurkun turpoaminen (mahdollisia merkkejä angioödeemasta) – yleisyyttä ei tunneta
Muita haittavaikutuksia:
Hyvin yleiset haittavaikutukset (voi esiintyä useammalla kuin yhdellä kymmenestä)
* ulostamisvaikeudet (ummetus)
* suun kuivuminen
* ripuli
* punoitus
* pahoinvointi (oksentelu)
* nenän tukkoisuus
* eritteiden vähentyminen keuhkoputkissa -
* kyvyttömyys tyhjentää virtsarakko kokonaan (virtsaumpi)
* ärtyisyys
Yleiset haittavaikutukset (voi esiintyä yhdellä potilaalla kymmenestä)
* keuhkokuume (vakavakeuhkokudoksen tulehdus)
* Ylempien hengitysteiden infektio (rintakehän infektio)
* virtsatieinfektio
* uneliaisuus
* levottomuus
* nenäverenvuoto
* kuume (pyreksia)
* ihottuma
Melko harvinaiset haittavaikutukset (voi esiintyä enintään 1 henkilöllä 100:sta)
* nielun (esofageaalinen kandidaasi) sieni-infektio (sammas)
* pahanhajuinen hengitys (halitoosi)
* ruoansulatuskanavan epänormaalit supistukset ruoansaannin yhteydessä (gastrointestinaalinen liikkuvuushäiriö)
* silmän pupillin laajentuminen (mydriaasi)
* suoliston lihasten ja hermojen häiriö, joka aiheuttaa ahtauman tai tukoksen (pseudo-obstruktio eli valetukos)
* silmän tahdosta riippumaton liike (nystagmus)
* nestehukka
* päänsärky
* jano kuumalla ilmalla
Muita antikolinergien yhteydessä ilmeneviä haittavaikutuksia, joiden yleisyyttä glykopyrroniumin osalta ei tunneta
* vakava allerginen reaktio (angioödeema); oireita mm. enimmäkseen kielen, huulien, kasvojen tai kurkun turpoaminen
* allerginen reaktio (ihottuma; kutina; punainen ja paukamainen kutiava ihottuma (nokkosihottuma); hengitys- tai nielemisvaikeudet; huimaus)
* rauhattomuus, yliaktiivisuus, lyhyt keskittymiskyky, turhautuneisuus, mielialan muutokset, raivokohtaukset tai kiivas käyttäytyminen, yliherkkyys, totisuus tai surullisuus, toistuvat itkukohtaukset ja pelokkuus
* kohonnut silmänpaine (joka voi aiheuttaa glaukoomaa), valonarkuus, silmien kuivuminen
* unettomuus (nukkumisvaikeudet)
* vuorotellen hidas ja nopea sydämen syke, sydämentykytys tai epäsäännölliset sydämenlyönnit
* pahoinvointi
* sivuonteloiden tulehdus ja turpoaminen (sinuiitti-)
* kuiva iho
* pakottava virtsaamistarve
* hikoilun vähentyminen, mikä voi aiheuttaa kuumetta ja lämpöhalvauksen
Haittavaikutusten tunnistaminen voi joskus olla vaikeaa neurologisista ongelmista kärsivillä potilailla, jotka eivät osaa helposti kertoa omasta voinnistaan.
Jos epäilet jotakin vaikeaa haittavaikutusta annoksen lisäämisen jälkeen, pienennä annos edelliseen annoskokoon ja ota yhteyttä lääkäriin.
Kerro lääkärille, jos havaitset lapsen käytöksessä muutoksia tai mitä tahansa muita muutoksia.
Haittavaikutuksista ilmoittaminen
Jos havaitset sivuvaikutuksia, kerro niistä lääkärille tai apteekkihenkilökunnalle. Tämä koskee myös sellaisia mahdollisia haittavaikutuksia, joita ei ole mainittu tässä pakkausselosteessa. Voit ilmoittaa haittavaikutuksista myös suoraan liitteessä V esitetyn kansallisen ilmoitusjärjestelmän kautta. Ilmoittamalla haittavaikutuksista voit auttaa saamaan enemmän tietoa tämän lääkevalmisteen turvallisuudesta.
5. Sialanarin säilyttäminen
Ei lasten ulottuville eikä näkyville.
Älä käytä tätä lääkettä etiketissä mainitun viimeisen käyttöpäivämäärän ("EXP") jälkeen. Viimeinen käyttöpäivämäärä tarkoittaa kuukauden viimeistä päivää.
Säilytä alle 25ºC.
Tämä lääke on käytettävä 2 kuukauden sisällä pullon ensimmäisen avaamisen jälkeen.
Sialanaria ei saa käyttää, jos pakkaus on avattu tai vahingoittunut.
Lääkkeitä ei tule heittää viemäriin eikä hävittää talousjätteiden mukana. Kysy käyttämättömien lääkkeiden hävittämisestä apteekista. Näin menetellen suojelet luontoa.
6. Pakkauksen sisältö ja muuta tietoa
Mitä Sialanar sisältää
Yksi millilitra liuosta sisältää 400 mikrogrammaa glykopyrroniumbromidia, mikä vastaa 320 mikrogrammaa glykopyrroniumia.
Vaikuttava aine on glykopyrronium.
Muut aineet ovat natriumbentsoaatti (E211), katso kohta 2 (Sialanar sisältää natriumia ja bentsoaattia), vadelma-aromi (sisältää propyleeniglykolia E1520), sukraloosi (E955), sitruunahappo (E330) ja puhdistettu vesi.
Sialanarin kuvaus ja pakkauskoko (-koot)
Sialanar-oraaliliuos on kirkas ja väritön neste. Se toimitetaan pahvirasiaan pakatussa 60 ml:n tai 250 ml:n meripihkanvärisessä lasipullossa. Jokainen pahvirasia sisältää yhden pullon, yhden 8 ml:n mittaruiskun ja yhden ruiskuadapterin. Kaikkia pakkauskokoja ei välttämättä ole myynnissä.
Myyntiluvan haltija
Marine House
Proveca Pharma Ltd
Clanwilliam Place
Irlanti
Dublin 2
Valmistaja
Nottingham
BCM Ltd
NG90 2PR
Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta
Tämä pakkausseloste on tarkistettu viimeksi <{KK.VVVV}> <{kuukausi VVVV}>
Muut tiedonlähteet
Lisätietoa tästä lääkevalmisteesta on saatavilla Euroopan lääkeviraston verkkosivulla http://www.ema.europa.eu. | <urn:uuid:4c018731-8670-47ff-a414-6059740e26b6> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/fin_Latn/train | finepdfs | fin_Latn | 57,267 |
INT. CAR MECHANIC'S OFFICE
The walls are covered in inkjet photos of various Popes, Catholic saints, and news clippings about the shop. A BEANPOLE of a man in a stained, beige jumpsuit sits on a padded stool watching TV. His white-blue mask is pulled down under his chin.
Another man - muscular, younger - in a black TANKTOP sits behind a nearby desk. He types carefully on an aged laptop. An American flag mask is pulled down under his chin.
The TV is loud; it's playing Wendy Williams re-runs.
Two more men enter the office. The first carries a credit card to the machine in the corner and starts punching in numbers. The second, a CUSTOMER, waits by the door. He has a thick, grey mask on.
BEANPOLE
Hey nice mask, man. That one of those two-parters?
CUSTOMER
Oh. Yeah. It has a thing inside it.
The CUSTOMER tilts part of his mask down.
BEANPOLE
Nice, Nice. I like that. That's that fancy shit.
TANKTOP
What kinda world we livin in, guys complimenting each other's masks. You had told me two years ago, I'd a'said what the fuck.
BEANPOLE
Right, man? Right? Hey man nice condom! Where'd you get that condom?
BEANPOLE laughs at his joke, and stands up a little. He's quick to settle.
BEANPOLE
But hey you know it is what it is.
TANKTOP
It is what it is. The new normal.
BEANPOLE
The new normal.
CUSTOMER
... I hope not for much longer.
TANKTOP
Naw, I don't think so.
BEANPOLE
Pray to god, man. Pray to god.
TANKTOP
Hey alright you're all set.
TANKTOP hands the CUSTOMER his receipt, passed from the man at the machine
CUSTOMER
Thanks, fellas. Stay safe.
BEANPOLE
Stay safe, man. Stay safe. | <urn:uuid:540ef806-d571-4bf6-a47d-d5ad66d67bbd> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 1,625 |
Didn't find any other records like Clinical guide to musculoskeletal palpation.
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p. 1 | <urn:uuid:e0b7f240-f2c5-41d9-9600-0fa07b5e0608> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 244 |
ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTING ADHESION-PROMOTERS
Inventors: Russell D. Moulton, 1026 Foxchase Dr., Apt. No. 326, San Jose, Calif. 95123; Milton N. Golovin, 29 Redmile Ct., Reisterstown, Md. 21136
Appl. No.: 293,341
Filed: Aug. 16, 1994
Continuation of Ser. No. 968,155, Oct. 29, 1992, abandoned.
Int. Cl. 6 H01M 4/60
U.S. Cl. 429/212; 429/234; 429/245
Field of Search 429/212, 234, 429/245
References Cited
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
3,656,027 4/1972 Isley 317/230
4,092,464 5/1978 Dey et al. 429/127
4,214,969 7/1980 Lawrance
4,239,837 12/1980 Hartmann et al.
4,339,322 7/1982 Balko et al. 204/255
4,416,915 11/1983 Palmer et al.
4,461,814 7/1984 Klinedinst
4,504,557 3/1985 Filatovs et al.
4,518,665 5/1985 Fujita et al.
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
1264804 1/1990 Canada
62-160656 7/1987 Japan
Primary Examiner—José G. Dees
Assistant Examiner—Samuel Barts
Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Gerald Swiss
ABSTRACT
Disclosed are methods for enhancing the adhesion of composite electrodes onto metal foils (i.e., current collectors). Also disclosed are electrochemical cells produced from these metal foils.
4 Claims, 1 Drawing Sheet
FIG._1
FIG._2
ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTING ADHESION-PROMOTERS
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/968,155, filed Oct. 29, 1992, now abandoned.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention is directed to methods for enhancing the adhesion of composite electrodes onto metal foils (i.e., current collectors), to metal foils prepared by these methods and to electrochemical cells produced from these metal foils.
2. State of the Art
Electrochemical cells comprise a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte interposed therebetween. The electrochemical cells are often defined as liquid or solid cells and this refers merely to whether the electrolyte interposed between the anode and the cathode is a liquid or a solid. Solid electrochemical cells are well known in the art and present many advantages over conventional liquid batteries such as improved safety features, lighter weight, etc.
In order to enhance the overall current produced by solid or liquid batteries, it is conventional to employ several electrochemical cells in a battery. When so employed, the current from each of the cells is accumulated so that the total current generated by the battery is roughly the sum of the current generated from each of the individual electrochemical cells employed in the battery.
One method for accumulating the current from individual electrochemical cells is by using a current collector attached to the cathode or the anode of the electrochemical cell. Typically, the current collector is a metal foil which is coupled to other current collectors in the battery so that the current generated by each cell is collected and accumulated over all of the cells. Thus, the total current generated by the battery is a summation of the current generated by each of the electrochemical cells employed in the battery minus whatever current is lost due to resistance in the current collector.
Notwithstanding the benefits of using current collectors (i.e., metal foils) in electrochemical cells, there is a problem when current collectors are used in conjunction with composite electrodes (i.e., electrodes derived from a composite of different materials). Specifically, composite electrodes are typically prepared from a paste which is applied onto the surface of the current collector and then cured to form the electrode.
For example, one conventional method for forming a composite cathode is by first forming a cathode paste comprising a compatible cathodic material (e.g., LiV$_3$O$_8$, V$_2$O$_5$, and the like), a conductive material such as carbon powder, an electrolytic solvent, and a prepolymer or a mixture of prepolymers. The cathode paste is then coated at a set thickness by extrusion or other suitable application means onto a metal foil which acts as a current collector and the paste is then cured to provide for the solid cathode.
However, the metal foils used as current collectors (e.g., aluminum foil, nickel foil, etc.) typically lack adequate adherence so as to permit a paste to adequately adhere to the foil. Thus, during application of a paste onto the foil, the paste can become dislodged from the foil. In turn, after curing, such dislodgement will result in defects in collecting current from that cell.
One method disclosed in European Patent Application Publication No. 0 397 523 ("EPA '523") for overcoming the inadequate adherence of metal foils to an electrode paste is to roughen the surface of the metal foil with electrolytically deposited metal. The electrolytically deposited metal "roughens" the surface of the foil and one commercially employed current collector is a roughened nickel on nickel current collector which is available as CF18/NiT from Fukuda Metal Foil & Powder Company, Ltd., Kyoto, Japan. The electrolytic deposition process results in the formation of a roughened surface characterized on a microscopic level by peaks and valleys rather than a smooth planar surface (see FIGS. 3, 4 and 6 of EPA '523). Such roughened surfaces lead to a more adherent surface.
On the other hand, roughened metal on metal foils are rather expensive and result in undesirable weight increases for the metal foil current collector which translates into an undesirable increased weight for electrochemical cell itself. Moreover, electrochemical deposition of metal is not practical for certain metal foils. For example, aluminum foil typically contains an outer passivation layer of aluminum oxide which inhibits the electrochemical deposit of aluminum onto the surface of the aluminum foil.
On the other hand, the art discloses that polymers containing grafted acid functionalities (i.e., maleic acid or anhydride) have improved adherence to metal foils, such as aluminum foil, used in food wraps. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,810,755 and 4,857,600 as well as International Patent Application Publication No. WO 91/02760. U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,755 further discloses the inclusion of a coloring agent such as carbon black into the polymer. However, neither U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,755 nor the other references disclose the inclusion of an effective amount of a conductive material in the polymer so as to render the polymer conductive or that the use of such amounts of conductive material would still result in the enhanced adherence of the polymer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is directed to the novel and surprising discovery that the surface of metal foils can be modified to be more adherent to an electrode paste by placing a layer of an electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter onto the surface of the current collector which is to be interposed between the metal foil and the electrode paste. The electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter is a solid polymeric layer which comprises an effective amount of a conductive material so as to render the polymeric layer conductive, a polymer and acid functionalities.
Without being limited to any theory, we believe that the acid functionalities of the solid polymer composition provide in situ for adhesive/binding functionalities which, when contacting the metal foil, enhance the adherence of the metal foil to the adhesion-promoter layer. Additionally, the surface of this adhesion-promoter layer is characterized on a microscopic level by peaks and valleys rather than a smooth planar surface and, accordingly, provides an adherent surface for the composite electrode.
Surprisingly, the inclusion of an effective amount of a conductive material in the polymeric layer does not interfere with the enhanced adherence of this layer to the metal foil.
In view of the above, in one of its composition aspects, this invention is directed to a metal foil containing on one of its surfaces a layer of an electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter comprising:
from about 30 to 80 weight percent of a conductive material;
from about 20 to about 70 weight percent of a prepolymer or polymer thereof;
and an effective amount of acid functionalities so as to enhance the adherence of this layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter to the surface of the metal foil.
Upon application to the surface of the metal foil current collector, this layer is typically a paste or a colloidal suspension which is applied onto the metal foil by conventional application techniques such as extrusion, roll coating, etc.
Pastes and colloidal suspensions are formed by conventional techniques. For example, prepolymers are typically liquids which, when combined with requisite amounts of conductive material, form a paste or colloidal suspension suitable for application onto a metal foil. Conventional curing techniques then transform the paste or colloidal suspension to a solid polymeric matrix on the surface of the metal foil.
On the other hand, polymers can be either dissolved into a compatible solvent or melted at an elevated temperature to provide a liquid ("hot-melt"). When combined with requisite amounts of conductive material, the liquid forms a paste or colloidal suspension suitable for application onto the metal foil current collector. Removal of the solvent or cooling of the melted polymer results in the formation of a solid polymeric matrix on the surface of the metal foil.
In another of its composition aspects, this invention is directed to an electrode/current collector comprising
a metal foil suitable for use as a current collector,
a layer of a solid polymeric matrix, electrically-conducting, adhesion promoter formed on at least one surface of the metal foil which comprises from about 30 to 80 weight percent of a conductive material; from about 20 to about 70 weight percent of a polymer derived from a solid matrix forming monomer or partial polymer thereof; and an effective amount of acid functionalities so as to enhance the adherence of this layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter to the surface of the metal foil; and
a composite electrode.
In another of its composition aspects, this invention is directed to an electrochemical cell comprising:
a metal foil suitable for use as a current collector,
a layer of a solid polymeric matrix, electrically-conducting, adhesion promoter comprising from about 30 to 80 weight percent of a conductive material; from about 20 to about 70 weight percent of a polymer derived from a solid matrix forming monomer or partial polymer thereof; and an effective amount of acid functionalities so as to enhance the adherence of this layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter to the surface of the metal foil;
a composite cathode;
an electrolyte; and
an anode, wherein the layer of said solid polymeric matrix, electrically-conducting, adhesion promoter is interposed between the metal foil and the composite cathode and further wherein the electrolyte is interposed between the composite cathode and the anode.
In one of its method aspects, this invention is directed to a method for modifying the surface of a metal foil current collector to render it more adherent to a composite electrode which method comprises:
(a) selecting a metal foil suitable for use as a current collector;
(b) applying a layer of an electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter onto said foil which layer comprises from about 30 to 80 weight percent of a conductive material; from about 20 to about 70 weight percent of a compound selected from the group consisting of a solid matrix forming monomer, a partial polymer of a solid matrix forming monomer, a hot-melted polymer derived from a solid matrix forming monomer and a solution comprising a polymer derived from a solid matrix forming monomer or partial polymer thereof; and an effective amount of acid functionalities so as to enhance the adherence of this layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter to the surface of the metal foil, and
(c) converting the layer formed in step (b) above to a solid polymeric matrix, electrically-conducting, adhesion-promoter layer.
Preferably, the acid functionalities are selected from the group consisting of carboxylic groups (-COOH) and sulfonic groups (-SO₃H).
The electrolyte employed in the electrochemical cell is either a liquid or solid electrolyte but preferably is a solid electrolyte.
Preferably, the layer of solid polymeric matrix, electrically-conducting, adhesion-promoter is no more than 100 microns (μm) in thickness and more preferably is from about 100 Angstroms to about 20 μm in thickness and even more preferably is from about 0.1 micron to about 10 μm in thickness.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a surface of aluminum foil at about 5000 times magnification taken at a fixed angle of 60°.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a surface of aluminum foil treated to contain an electrically-conducting, adhesion-promoter layer of about 2 microns in thickness and which contains about 50 weight percent polyacrylic acid and about 50 weight percent carbon black which photograph is about a 5000 times magnification of the surface taken at a fixed angle of 60°.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As noted above, this invention is directed, in part, to metal foil current collectors which have been modified so as to improve their adherence properties to composite electrodes. However, prior to describing this invention in further detail, the following terms will first be defined.
Definitions
As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings.
The term "metal foil" refers to any metal foil or metal foil alloy which can act as a current collector in an electrochemical cell. Suitable metal foils or metal foil alloys are well known in the art and include, by way of example, aluminum foil, nickel foil, copper foil, stainless steel foil and the like.
The metal foil can be continuous and cover the entire surface of the current collector or noncontinuous and not cover the entire surface of the current collector. Examples of non-continuous current collectors include non-conductive plastics having metal tabs inserted therein wherein the metal tabs act as the current collector. Such noncontinuous current collectors are lighter in weight than continuous metal foil current collectors and, accordingly, are of use where the weight of the battery is of concern.
The term "solid polymeric matrix" refers to a material which is compatible with acid functionalities and which is formed by polymerizing a prepolymer (as defined below) and, when used in combination with an effective amount of a conductive material, is conductive. The solid polymeric matrix may or may not be ion-conducting but, preferably, is not ionically conducting (i.e., does not conduct alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cations).
The term "compatible with acid functionalities" means that the presence of acid functionalities in the solid polymeric matrix neither renders the solid matrix unsuitable for use in electrochemical cells nor results in a significant degradation of the solid matrix.
The term "a solid matrix forming monomer" refers to organic materials which in monomeric form can be polymerized to form solid polymeric matrices and which are electrically conducting when combined with an effective amount of a conductive material and further which, when polymerized, are compatible with acid functionalities. Suitable solid matrix forming monomers are well known in the art and the particular monomer employed is not critical.
Preferably, the solid matrix forming monomers do not contain hetero atom functionalities capable of forming donor acceptor bonds with inorganic cations so as to render the solid matrix ion-conducting (i.e., able to conduct alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cations). Ion-conducting hetero atom functionalities in solid polymeric matrices include, by way of example, ether groups, amine groups, and the like. On the other hand, hetero atom functionalities such as carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups, etc., are not ion-conducting in solid polymeric matrices because these functionalities bind too tightly with the cations.
Examples of suitable solid matrix forming monomers include, by way of example, acrylic acid (CH₂=CHCOOH), chloroacrylic acid (ClCH=CHCOOH), bromoacrylic acid (BrCH=CHCOOH), crotonic acid (CH₃CH=CHCOOH), propylene (CH₃CH=CH₂), ethylene acryloyl-derivatized polyalkylene oxides (as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,908,283), urethane acrylate, vinyl sulfonate polyalkylene oxides (as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,262,253 which patent is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), and the like as well as mixtures thereof.
The term "a partial polymer of a solid matrix forming monomer" refers to solid matrix forming monomers which have been partially polymerized to form reactive oligomers. Partial polymerization may be conducted for the purpose of enhancing the viscosity of the monomer, decreasing the volatility of the monomer, and the like. Partial polymerization is generally permitted so long as the resulting partial polymer can be further polymerized to form solid polymeric matrices.
The term "prepolymers" refers to solid matrix forming monomers and/or partial polymers thereof.
The term "acid functionalities" refers to art recognized acid containing functional groups capable of covalently binding to an organic residue (i.e., a hydrocarbyl group) including, by way of example, carboxylic acid groups (−COOH), sulfonic acid groups (−SO₃H), and the like.
The acid functionalities can be incorporated directly into the solid polymeric matrix either as a homopolymer (e.g., polyacrylic acid) or as a copolymer, terpolymer, etc. wherein at least one of the components of the copolymer, terpolymer, etc. is a solid matrix forming monomer containing acid functionality (e.g., acrylic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, etc.). Depending upon the particular monomers, the copolymers, terpolymers, etc. employed can be random copolymers, terpolymers, etc. or can be blocked copolymers, blocked terpolymers, etc.
The polymer in the solid polymeric matrix can also be derivatized to contain acid functionality. For example, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and the like can be grafted onto a polymer via a free-radical reaction and subsequent hydrolysis will provide for carboxylic acid functionality on the polymer. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,810,755 and 4,857,600 and International application No. WO 91/02760 which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Alternatively, the solid polymeric matrix can employ a mixture of polymers wherein at least one of the polymeric components of the mixture contains acid functionality (e.g., a mixture of polyacrylic acid and polyethylene) or can employ a mixture of a non-acid containing polymer or polymers and a non-polymeric acid component. In this regard, the non-polymeric acid component preferably has a boiling point of greater than about 80° C. and is compatible with the polymer.
Compatible non-polymeric acid components are those which are miscible with the polymer and do not readily diffuse from the layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter into the electrode. Preferably, the non-polymeric acid component is substantially non-diffusive into the electrode and more preferably has a diffusion coefficient into the electrode of less than 10⁻⁶ centimeters²/second.
The particular non-polymeric acid component employed is not critical and includes, by way of example, abietic acid, decanoic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, menadiol diphosphoric acid, phthalic acid, 1-hexadecane sulfonic acid, etc. Preferably, the acid containing component is represented by the formula R(COOH)ₙ wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group of from 3 to 50 carbon atoms and n is an integer from about 1 to 7.
The term "cured" or "cured product" refers to the treatment of the prepolymer under polymerization conditions (including cross-linking) so as to form a solid polymeric matrix. Suitable polymerization conditions are well known in the art and include by way of example, heating the monomer, irradiating the monomer with electron beams, and the like, etc. The resulting cured product is preferably free of hetero atom functional groups which are capable of conducting inorganic cations.
The term "inorganic cations" refers to the cationic portion of an inorganic salt which is suitable for use in an electrolyte and composite electrodes of an electrochemical cell. The particular inorganic ion salt employed is not critical and examples of suitable inorganic ion salts include, by way of example, LiClO₄, LiI, LiSCN, LiBF₄, LiAsF₆, LiCF₃SO₃, LiPF₆, NaI, NaSCN, KI, CsSCN, AgNO₃, CuCl₂, Mg(ClO₄)₂ and the like. The inorganic cation is preferably selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Cs, Ag, Cu and Mg.
The term "electrolytic solvent" refers to the solvent (i.e., plasticizer) added to the composite electrode and the electrolyte for the purpose of solubilizing inorganic ion salts during operation of the electrochemical cell. The solvent can be any low volatile aprotic polar solvent. Preferably, these materials are characterized by a boiling point greater than about 80° C. In this regard, low volatility for the electrolyte
solvent simplifies manufacture of the electrolyte/batteries and improves their self-life.
If the solid polymeric matrix for the electrode is formed by radiation polymerization of the solid matrix forming monomer or partial polymer thereof, then the solvent should be radiation inert at least up to the levels of radiation employed. If the solid polymeric matrix is formed by thermal polymerization, the solvent should be thermally inert at least up to the temperatures of thermal polymerization. Additionally, the solvent should not scavenge free radicals.
Representative examples of suitable solvents include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, glyme (dimethoxyethane), diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, dimethylsulfoxide, dioxolane, sulfolane and the like, and mixtures thereof. A particularly preferred solvent is a mixture of an organic carbonate and triglyme as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/918,509 filed as Attorney Docket No. 028574-026 and entitled "SOLID, SOLVENT-CONTAINING ELECTROLYTES AND ELECTROLYTIC CELLS PRODUCED THEREFROM" which application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The term "electrochemical cell" refers to primary and secondary electrochemical cells comprising an anode, a cathode, and an ion-conducting electrolyte interposed therebetween. The ion-conducting electrolyte can be either a liquid or a solid electrolyte but solid electrolytes are preferred and more preferably, the electrochemical cell is a solid secondary cell.
The anode is typically comprised of a compatible anodic material which is any material which functions as an anode in an electrochemical cell. Such compatible anodic materials are well known in the art and include, by way of example, lithium, lithium alloys, such as alloys of lithium with aluminum, mercury, nickel, zinc, and the like, and intercalation based anodes such as carbon, WO₃, and the like.
The cathode comprises a compatible cathodic material which refers to any material which functions as a positive pole (cathode) in an electrochemical cell. Such compatible cathodic materials are well known in the art and include, by way of example, manganese dioxide, molybdenum trioxide, sulfides of titanium and niobium, chromium oxide, copper oxide, vanadium oxides such as V₂O₅, V₆O₁₃, LiV₃O₈ and the like. The particular compatible cathodic material employed is not critical. When the electrochemical cell is a secondary cell, then the compatible cathodic material employed is one which is capable of being recharged (e.g., LiV₃O₈, V₆O₁₃, MOO₃, and the like).
The term "composite electrode" refers to cathodes and anodes wherein the cathode is comprised of materials other than compatible cathodic materials and the anode is comprised of materials other than compatible anodic materials. Typically, the composite contains a polymer which acts to bind the composite materials together and an electrolytic solvent.
Composite cathodes are well known in the art. For example, a composite cathode can comprise a compatible cathodic material, a conductive material, an electrolytic solvent, an alkali salt, and a solid matrix forming polymer.
Composite anodes are also well known in the art. For example, a composite anode can comprise a compatible intercalation anodic material, an electrolytic solvent and a solid matrix forming polymer.
Because polymers typically do not have sharply defined melting points, the term "liquid" as it applies to hot melts of polymers includes polymers in a condition where they can be mixed with a conductive material and, if necessary, a component or components containing acid functionality.
Methodology
The layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter applied to the surface of the metal foil is readily prepared by a variety of methods.
Specifically, one method for preparing the layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter is to use a suitable prepolymer which contains acid functionality. The preparation of suitable prepolymers containing acid functionality are well known in the art and certain of these prepolymers are commercially available. For example, acrylic acid, chloroacrylic acid, bromoacrylic acid, crotonic acid, and vinyl sulfonic acid are either commercially available (e.g., from Aldrich Chemical Company) or are commercially available as salts which can be readily converted to the acid. The prepolymer can be used either by itself so as to provide for a homopolymer upon curing or can be used with other prepolymers to provide for a copolymer, terpolymer, etc. upon curing. In this latter embodiment, it is necessary that only one of the prepolymers contain acid functionality.
Prepolymers containing acid functionality are typically liquid and are then mixed either neat or in a solvent with a conductive material to provide for a composition which is typically a paste or a colloidal suspension. Suitable conductive materials are well known in the art and include, by way of example, carbon powder, graphite, powdered nickel, metal particles, conductive polymers (i.e., characterized by a conjugated network of double bonds like polypyrrol and polyacetylene), and the like.
The resulting composition is then applied onto the surface of the metal foil. When a solvent is employed, it is removed by evaporation. The composition is cured by conventional techniques to form a solid layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter on the surface of the current collector. For example, when the prepolymer contains a reactive double bond, the composition can be cured by suitable curing methods which include heating, irradiation with electron beams (EB), etc. When the composition is cured by heating, the composition preferably contains an initiator which is typically a peroxide such as benzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, t-butyl peroxy-pyvarate, diisopropyl peroxycarbonate, and the like.
The initiator is generally employed in an amount sufficient to catalyze the polymerization reaction. Preferably, the initiator is employed at up to about 1 weight percent based on the weight of the prepolymer.
When curing is by EB treatment, an initiator is not required.
In either case, the resulting solid polymeric matrix is a homogeneous, single phase material which is maintained upon curing, and does not readily separate upon cooling to temperatures below room temperature.
Another method for preparing the layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter is to employ an acid containing polymer derived from a prepolymer such as acrylic acid, chloroacrylic acid, bromoacrylic acid, crotonic acid, and vinyl sulfonic acid. The prepolymer can be polymerized to form a homopolymer or copolymers, terpolymers, etc. by methods well known in the art. As noted above, the prepolymer can be used either by itself so as to provide for a homopolymer upon curing or can be used with other prepolymers to provide for a copolymer, terpolymer, etc. upon curing. In this latter embodiment, it is necessary that only
one of the prepolymer contain acid functionality. Additionally, it is possible to use a mixture of polymers in the composition. In this embodiment, it is necessary that only one of the polymers is an acid containing polymer (e.g., a 1:1 mixture of polyethylene and polyacrylic acid).
The acid containing polymer is then mixed with a conductive material in any of a number of art recognized methods. For example, the polymer can be dissolved into a suitable solvent, preferably an aprotic solvent, and then the conductive material added. The resulting composition can then be applied to the surface of the metal foil and the solvent evaporated to provide for a layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter on the surface of the current collector. If a protic solvent is employed, the resulting current collector is preferably dried at an elevated temperature for a prolonged period of time to reduce the level of protic solvent remaining in the electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter layer preferably to a level of less than about $30 \mu g/cm^2$ and more preferably less than $10 \mu g/cm^2$ and even more preferably less than about $5 \mu g/cm^2$. The specific temperature used during the drying step is selected relative to the electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter layer employed. In particular, the drying step is conducted at an elevated temperature below the melting point of this layer.
Alternatively, the polymer containing the acid functionality can be hot-melted at an elevated temperature and then the requisite amount of conductive material is mixed into the polymer. The resulting composition is then applied onto the metal foil and cooled to provide for a layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter on the surface of the current collector.
Acid containing polymers are well known in the art and can be prepared by well known methods. In fact, some acid containing polymers are commercially available. For example, several polyacrylic acids (of varying molecular weight) are commercially available from Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, Wis., as well as are polyvinylsulfonic acid, polyvinyl sulfate, poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) and copolymers of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) and poly(3-hydroxyvaleric acid). Additionally, Sarbox resins, carboxylic acid containing resins, are commercially available from Sartomer Chemicals, Exton, Pa.
Another method for preparing the layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter is to modify a polymer not containing acid functionality so as to introduce acid functionality. Specifically, reactions resulting in the addition of carboxylic acid functionality onto polymers are well known in the art. For example, the reaction of maleic anhydride with polymers containing a double bond such as polybutene, polypropylene, polyalphaolefins, etc. is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,018,250; 3,024,195; 4,234,435; 4,388,471; and 4,450,281. Each of these patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Additionally, free radical grafting of maleic anhydride, maleic acid, acrylic acid and methylacrylic acid onto polymers is also well known in the art and is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,857,600 and 4,810,755 as well as in International Patent Application Publication No. WO 91/02760. Each of these references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
In either case, the reactions lead to either the incorporation of a single succinic anhydride or maleic anhydride group or the incorporation of multiple such groups onto the polymer. The anhydride groups can then be hydrolyzed under suitable hydrolysis conditions to provide for the corresponding acid functionalities.
Likewise, the addition of sulfonic acid groups to polymers of butylene, propylene, etc. are well known in the art.
After the acid functionality has been added to the polymer, the polymer can be mixed with a conductive material in the same manner described above with acid containing polymers.
In still another embodiment, a non-polymerizable component containing acid functionality (a non-polymeric acid component) can be added to a polymer or prepolymer to form a composite comprising the non-polymeric acid component, the polymer, and the conductive material. Specifically, a nonpolymeric acid component can be added directly to the composition of the prepolymer and the conductive material. The resulting composition is then applied to the surface of the metal foil and cured so as to provide for a layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter on the surface of the metal foil.
Alternatively, the non-polymeric acid component can be mixed in a hot-melt of a polymer or dissolved into a mutual solvent (preferably an aprotic solvent) with the polymer. After addition of the conductive material, a layer of the resulting mixture is applied onto the substrate via conventional techniques (e.g., extrusion, roll coating, etc.). Cooling or evaporation then affords a layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter on the surface of the current collector. If a protic solvent is employed, evaporation is preferably conducted at an elevated temperature for a prolonged period of time to reduce the level of protic solvent in the electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter layer.
Preferably, the non-polymeric acid component has a boiling point of greater than about 80° C. and is compatible with the polymer. The particular acid-containing, non-polymeric component employed is not critical and includes, by way of example, stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, menadiol diphosphoric acid, phthalic acid, 1-hexadecane sulfonic acid, etc.
Regardless of the method in which the acid functionality is incorporated into the composition, sufficient acid functionality is incorporated so as to enhance the adherence of the layer of the electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter to the surface of the metal foil and sufficient conductive material is added to render the resulting solid polymeric matrix electrically conducting.
Preferably, the amount of conductive material employed is from about 30 to about 80 weight percent of the composition and more preferably, from about 40 to about 60 weight percent of the composition.
Preferably, sufficient acid functionality is incorporated into this composition so that the composition has an acid number of at least 0.01 milliequivalents per gram and, more preferably, from about 1 to about 250 milliequivalents per gram, and even more preferably, from about 10 to about 150 milliequivalents per gram.
The term "acid number" refers to the amount of acid equivalent in milliequivalents of proton in 1 gram of the composition and is reported as milliequivalents per gram. The acid number for this composition is readily determined by ASTM test number D664.
The layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter is applied by well known conventional techniques onto the metal foil. For example, pastes can be applied by extrusion whereas dispersed colloidal solutions can be applied by dipping, painting, spraying, gravuring, roll coating, including reverse roll coating, doctor blades, and the like. The particular method employed is not critical.
After application, the layer of electrically-conducting
adhesion-promoter is treated to convert this layer to a solid, electrically-conducting, polymeric matrix. Such conversion is accomplished by reference to the layer applied. For example, if the layer contains a prepolymer, then the conversion includes a curing step to convert the prepolymer to a polymer so as to provide for the solid, polymeric matrix. Likewise, if the layer contains a polymer in solution, then the conversion includes an evaporation step wherein the solvent is removed so as to provide for the solid, polymeric matrix. Lastly, if the layer contains a hot-melted polymer, then the conversion includes a cooling step wherein the polymeric composition is solidified so as to provide for the solid, polymeric matrix.
After conversion, the resulting solid polymeric matrix preferably has a thickness of from at least one molecule to no more than about 100 μm. More preferably, this matrix has a thickness of from about 100 Angstroms to about 20 μm in thickness and even more preferably is from about 0.1 μm to about 10 μm in thickness.
Preferably, the polymer in the solid polymeric matrix has a molecular weight of at least about 10,000 regardless of whether the polymer is formed in situ or if a preformed polymer is used to prepare the layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter. More preferably, the polymer has a molecular weight of at least about 50,000 and still more preferably has a molecular weight of at least about 90,000. The upper limit for the molecular weight of the polymer is not critical but preferably is no more than about 5,000,000.
After formation of the solid polymeric matrix, electrically-conducting, adhesion-promoter layer on the surface of the current collector, a composite electrode is then applied thereto. The electrode is typically prepared from an electrode paste. For example, a cathodic paste can be prepared by combining from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of a conductive material, from about 35 to about 60 weight percent of a compatible cathodic material, from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of an electrolytic solvent and from about 5 to 30 weight percent of a cathode prepolymer all based on the total weight of the paste.
Suitable conductive materials include by way of example, carbon powder, graphite, powdered nickel, metal particles, conductive polymers (i.e., characterized by a conjugated network of double bonds like polypyrrol and polyacetylene), and the like.
Suitable cathode prepolymers are well known in the art and preferably are alkali or alkaline earth metal ion conducting. Suitable cathode prepolymers include, by way of example, propylene oxide, ethyleneimine, ethylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, acryloyl-derivatized polyalkylene oxides (as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,908,283), urethane acrylates, vinyl sulfonate polyalkylene oxides (as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,262,253 which patent is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), and the like as well as mixtures thereof.
The cathode paste can optionally contain film forming agents which are well known in the art and include, by way of example, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, copolymers thereof, and the like, having a numbered average molecular weight of at least about 100,000. Preferably, the film forming agent is employed in an amount of about 1 to about 10 weight percent and more preferably at about 2.5 weight percent based on the total weight of the cathode composition.
The cathode paste so formed is preferably heat treated prior to application onto the current collector by exposing the paste to an elevated temperature as described in U.S. Ser. No. 07/968,203 filed concurrently herewith as Attorney Docket No. 1116 and entitled “METHODS FOR ENHANCING THE COATABILITY OF CARBON PASTES TO SUBSTRATES” which application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Preferably, the temperature employed to heat treat the paste is from about 60° to about 130° C. and more preferably from about 80° to about 90° C. Preferably, the paste is heated for a period of from about 0.1 to about 2 hours, more preferably from about 0.1 to about 1 hour, and even more preferably from about 0.2 to about 1 hour. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the paste is heat treated at from about 80° to about 90° C. for about 0.33 to about 0.5 hours.
The electrolytic solvent employed in the cathode paste is not critical but preferably is a 10:1 to 1:10 mixture of ethylene and/or propylene carbonate to triglyme. Preferred mixtures include a 4:1 mixture of ethylene and/or propylene carbonate to triglyme and a 1:1 mixture of ethylene and/or propylene carbonate to triglyme. See, for example, U.S. Ser. No. 07/918,509 filed Jul. 22, 1992 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Anode pastes can also be prepared using known methods. Anode pastes can comprise from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of a conductive material, from about 35 to about 60 weight percent of a compatible anodic material, from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of an electrolytic solvent and from about 5 to about 30 weight percent of an anode (similar to cathode prepolymers) all based on the total weight of the paste.
As described above, the electrode paste (i.e., the cathode or anode paste) is then applied onto the surface of the layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter which, in turn, is found on the surface of a metal foil. The electrode paste is then cured to provide for the solid electrode.
When the electrode paste is a cathode paste, it is preferably applied onto the layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter at a rate to give, after curing, a substantially uniform coating thickness of from about 20 to about 150 microns. Similarly, when the electrode paste is an anode paste, it is preferably applied onto the layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter at a rate to give, after curing, a substantially uniform coating thickness of from about 20 to about 150 microns.
Curing is generally accomplished by conventional techniques to form a solid electrode. For example, suitable curing methods include heating, irradiation with electron beams (EB), etc. When the composition is cured by heating, the composition preferably contains an initiator. For example, heat curing initiators are typically peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, t-butyl peroxyppyvarate, diisopropyl peroxycarbonate, and the like.
The initiator is generally employed in an amount sufficient to catalyze the polymerization reaction. Preferably, the initiator is employed at up to about 1 weight percent based on the weight of the solid matrix forming monomer.
When curing is by EB treatment, an initiator is not required.
In either case, the resulting cured electrode is a solid, homogeneous, single-phase material which is maintained upon curing, and does not readily separate upon cooling to temperatures below room temperature. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,925,751 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Accordingly, the resulting product is a composite containing a metal foil which functions as a current collector, a layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter, and a
composite electrode (i.e., a composite cathode or composite anode) wherein the layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter is interposed between the metal foil and the electrode.
As an additional matter, it is preferable to avoid the use of any protic materials which will be incorporated into the battery. For example, most of the protic inhibitors in di- and triacrylate prepolymers as well as in the urethane acrylate prepolymer are preferably removed prior to formation of the layer of electrically-conducting adhesion promoter, the composite electrode and/or the electrolyte. In this regard, removal of these inhibitors down to a level of less than 50 parts per million (ppm) can be accomplished by contacting these monomers and prepolymer with an inhibitor remover. Suitable inhibitor removers are commercially available.
An electrochemical cell is then formed using the current collector/electrode so formed. For example, if the electrode is a composite cathode, then the electrochemical cell is formed by combining the cathode with an anode and an electrolyte interposed therebetween.
Preferably, the electrochemical cell employs a solid, homogeneous, single-phase electrolyte which is maintained upon curing, and which does not readily separate upon cooling to temperatures below room temperature. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,925,751 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Such solid, single phase electrolytic compositions are formed from a liquid composition containing a polymerizable electrolyte prepolymer which upon curing provides for the solid, single phase material.
In this regard, the liquid electrolyte composition containing such prepolymer are preferably applied over a layer of cathode paste which itself is formed over a layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter found on a metal foil. Both the cathode paste and the liquid electrolyte composition are preferably cured simultaneously by exposure to, for example, electron beams so as to provide for a cured composite containing both the cured cathode and the cured electrolyte. Alternatively, the liquid electrolyte can be applied to the cured cathode and then itself cured in a step separate from the cathode curing step.
The solid, single-phase electrolyte has a thickness of no more than about 250 microns (μm). Preferably, the solid, solvent-containing electrolyte has a thickness of from about 10 to about 250 microns, more preferably from about 25 to about 150 microns, and even more preferably from about 40–80 microns.
Utility
The electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter of this invention is useful in enhancing the adherence of the electrode to the current collector of an electrochemical cell. Specifically, the electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter is interposed between the electrode and the current collector. Because of its acid functionality, this layer of adhesion-promoter effectively adheres to the current collector. Additionally, as illustrated in the figures, the surface of this layer of adhesion-promoter is characterized on a microscopic level by peaks and valleys which enhance the adhesion of the electrode to this layer.
The improved adherence of the metal foil to the electrode by the use of the electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter layer described herein is evidenced by the reduced rate at which the electrode paste separates from this layer during application as compared to the rate of separation arising from use of a metal foil without this layer. This improved adhesion of the electrode paste to the current collector by virtue of the interposed layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter can be quantified as per ASTM test number D-3359-87.
Since this adhesion-layer is electrically-conducting, the current generated by the electrochemical cell can pass through it and be collected by the metal foil acting as the current collector.
When the layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter is preferably non-cation conducting, then migration of alkali or alkaline earth metal cations to the current collector is prevented. This, in turn, prevents potentially adverse interaction of such cations with the current collector (e.g., corrosion) which could reduce the useful life of the electrochemical cell.
The following examples are offered to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting its scope.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
An electrically-conducting, adhesive promoter was first formulated as a dispersed colloidal solution. The formulation for this example was as follows:
171 grams of carbon powder (Shawinigan Black available from Chevron Chemical Company, San Ramon, Calif.)
2727 grams of distilled water
3250 grams of isopropanol
684 grams of a 25 weight percent solution of polyacrylic acid (average molecular weight of about 90,000, commercially available from Aldrich Chemical Company)
The carbon powder, water and isopropanol were mixed in a conventional high shear colloid mill mixer until the carbon was uniformly dispersed. At this point, the 25 weight percent solution of polyacrylic acid was added to the solution and mixed. If necessary, mixing can be enhanced by an ink mill and the degree of mixing quantified by use of a Hegmann gauge.
The resulting mixture was roll coated onto a sheet of aluminum foil. A uniform coating was obtained. Evaporation of the solvents (i.e., water and isopropanol) provided for an electrically-conducting adhesion promoter layer of about 12 microns in thickness. In order to further remove the protic solvent from this layer, the foil can be redried. For example, redrying can be conducted by placement of the foil in an oven maintained at about 130° C. or more over a period of time (e.g., 12 to 24 hours).
Example 2
A second electrically-conducting, adhesive promoter was formulated as a dispersed colloidal solution. The formulation for this example was as follows:
84.4 grams of carbon powder (Shawinigan Black™—available from Chevron Chemical Company, San Ramon, Calif.)
337.6 grams of a 25 weight percent solution of polyacrylic acid (average molecular weight of about 90,000, commercially available from Aldrich Chemical Company—contains about 84.4 grams polyacrylic acid and 253.2 grams water)
578 grams of isopropanol
The carbon and isopropanol were mixed in a conventional
high shear colloid mill mixer until the carbon was uniformly dispersed. At this point, the weight percent solution of polyacrylic acid was added to the solution and mixed. The resulting mixture was roll coated with a Meyer rod onto a sheet of aluminum foil (about 9 inches wide and about 0.0005 inches thick). After application, the solution/foil were contacted with a Mylar wipe (about 0.002 inches thick by about 2 inches and by about 9 inches wide—the entire width of aluminum foil). The wipe was flexibly engaged with the foil (i.e., the wipe merely contacted the foil) to redistribute the solution so as to provide for a substantially uniform coating. Evaporation of the solvents (i.e., water and isopropanol) via a conventional gas-fired oven provided for an electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter layer of about 6 microns in thickness or about $3 \times 10^{-4}$ grams per cm$^2$ which contained about 28 $\mu g/cm^2$ of protic solvent content (i.e., water+isopropanol).
In order to further remove the protic solvent from the layer, the foil was redried. In particular, the foil was wound up and a copper support placed through the roll’s cavity. The roll was then hung overnight from the support in a vacuum oven maintained at about 130° C. Afterwards, the roll was removed and the protic solvent content (water+isopropanol) was determined to be about 8 $\mu g/cm^2$ or about a 71% reduction in protic solvent as compared to the foil prior to redrying. In order to avoid absorption of moisture from the atmosphere, the roll is preferably placed into a desiccator or other similar anhydrous environment to minimize atmospheric moisture content.
Example 3
A third electrically-conducting, adhesive promoter is formulated as a dispersed colloidal solution. The formulation for this example is as follows:
84.4 grams of carbon powder (Shawinigan Black™—available from Chevron Chemical Company, San Ramon, Calif.)
64.4 grams of polyethylene oxide (MW about about 100,000, commercially available from Aldrich Chemical Company)
20.0 grams of stearic acid
The polyethylene oxide is hot melted and then the carbon powder and stearic acid are mixed until uniformly dispersed. While maintaining a liquid state, the resulting mixture is extruded onto a sheet of stainless steel foil (about 9 inches wide and about 0.0005 inches thick). After extrusion, the foil is cooled to room temperature, preferably under anhydrous conditions, so as to provide for a solid, electrically-conducting, adhesion-promoter layer of about 10 microns in thickness on the foil. In order to avoid absorption of moisture from the atmosphere, the roll is preferably placed into a desiccator or other similar anhydrous environment to minimize atmospheric moisture adsorption.
Example 4
A fourth electrically-conducting, adhesive promoter is formulated as a polymer hot-melt. The formulation for this example is as follows:
84.4 grams of carbon powder (Shawinigan Black™—available from Chevron Chemical Company, San Ramon, Calif.)
64.4 grams of polyethylene oxide (MW about about 100,000, commercially available from Aldrich Chemical Company)
20.0 grams of stearic acid
The polyethylene oxide is hot melted and then the carbon powder and stearic acid are mixed until uniformly dispersed. While maintaining a liquid state, the resulting mixture is extruded onto a sheet of stainless steel foil (about 9 inches wide and about 0.0005 inches thick). After extrusion, the foil is cooled to room temperature, preferably under anhydrous conditions, so as to provide for a solid, electrically-conducting, adhesion-promoter layer of about 10 microns in thickness on the foil. In order to avoid absorption of moisture from the atmosphere, the roll is preferably placed into a desiccator or other similar anhydrous environment to minimize atmospheric moisture adsorption.
Example 5
A fifth electrically-conducting, adhesive promoter is formulated as a dispersed colloidal solution. The formulation for this example is as follows:
84.4 grams of carbon powder (Shawinigan Black™—available from Chevron Chemical Company, San Ramon, Calif.)
345.0 grams of a 25 weight percent solution of vinylsulfonic acid [commercially available from Aldrich Chemical Company as the sodium salt (337.6 grams) which is converted to the acid by contact with a concentrated HCl aqueous medium—contains about 84.4 grams vinylsulfonic acid, and balance water]
578 grams of isopropanol
The carbon and isopropanol are mixed in a conventional high shear colloid mill mixer until the carbon is uniformly dispersed. At this point, the 25 weight percent solution of polyvinyl sulfonic acid is added to the solution and mixed. If desired, the hydroquinone monomethyl ether inhibitor can be removed from the polyvinyl sulfonic acid prior to addition to the carbon/isopropanol mixture. Such removal is effected by contacting this solution with an Inhibitor Remover available as Product No. 31,133-2 from Aldrich Chemical, Milwaukee, Wis. which results in less than 50 ppm of inhibitor in the product.
The resulting colloidal suspension is then roll coated with a Meyer rod onto a sheet of aluminum foil (about 9 inches wide and about 0.0005 inches thick). After application, the solution/foil is contacted with a Mylar wipe (about 0.002 inches thick by about 2 inches and by about 9 inches wide—the entire width of aluminum foil). The wipe is flexibly
engaged with the foil (i.e., the wipe merely contacted the foil) to redistribute the solution so as to provide for a substantially uniform coating.
The solvent is evaporated at about 110° to 120° C. via a conventional gas-fired oven and the remaining layer is then cured by continuously passing the foil through an electron beam apparatus (Electrocurtain, Energy Science Inc., Woburn, Mass.) at a voltage of about 175 kV and a current of about 1.0 mA and at a conveyor belt speed setting of 50 which provides a conveyor speed of about 1 cm/sec so as to provide for an electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter layer on the metal foil.
In order to remove additional protic solvent from the layer, the foil is redried. In particular, the foil is wound up and a copper support placed through the roll's cavity. The roll is then hung overnight from the support in a vacuum oven maintained at about 130° C. Afterwards, the roll is removed. In order to avoid absorption of moisture from the atmosphere, the roll is preferably placed into a desiccator or other equivalent anhydrous environment to minimize atmospheric moisture adsorption.
Example 6
An electrically-conducting, adhesive promoter was first formulated as a dispersed colloidal solution. The formulation for this example was as follows:
25 lbs of carbon powder (Shawinigan Black available from Chevron Chemical Company, San Ramon, Calif.)
18.5 lbs of isopropanol
100 lbs of a 25 weight percent solution of polyacrylic acid (average molecular weight of about 90,000, commercially available from Aldrich Chemical Company)
The carbon powder was mixed directly with the total amount of polyacrylic acid and 25% of the isopropanol (18.5 lbs). The mixture was stirred with a gear-motor "Lightnin" mixer (model XJ-43—available from Mixing Equip. Co., Avon, N.Y.) at 720 rpm with two 5 inch diameter A310-type propellers mounted on a single shaft in a 30 gallon polyethylene drum which wets the carbon and eliminates any further dust problem. The resulting composition ("master batch") is 143.5 lb and contains some lumps.
The master batch was then mixed in an ink mill which consists of three steel rollers almost in contact with each other, turning at 275, 300 and 325 rpm, respectively. This high shear operation allowed particles that were sufficiently small to pass directly through the rollers. Those that were not continued to be mixed until they can pass through the rollers. When mixing was completed, the carbon was completely dispersed throughout the composition. A Hegman fineness of grind gauge (available from Paul N. Gardner Co., Pompano Beach, Fla.) indicates that the particles were typically about 4–6 μm in diameter with an occasional particle of about 12.5 μm in diameter. Prolonged storage of the mixture did not result in carbon settling out or in agglomeration.
Prior to roll coating this mixture, the remaining 75% of the isopropanol was mixed in, working with 5 gallon batches in a plastic pail. This was accomplished using an air powered shaft mixer (Dayton model 42231 available from Granger Supply Co., San Jose, Calif.) with a 4 inch diameter Jiffy-Mixer brand Impeller. Then, the mixture was gear-pumped through a 125 μm cloth filter and Meyer-rod coated as described in Example 2 above.
Example 7
This example ascertains the effect that the electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter has on the adherence of an electrode paste to a current collector.
Initially, bare aluminum foil and aluminum foil coated with an electrically-conducting, adhesion-promoter layer of about 2 microns in thickness and which contains about 50 weight percent polyacrylic acid and about 50 weight percent carbon black (prepared in a manner similar to Example 1 above) were examined under a scanning electron microscope. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted at a fixed angle of 60° and provided for about a 5000 times magnification of the surface.
The results of this examination are set forth in FIGS. 1 and 2. Specifically, FIG. 1 illustrates the magnified surface of bare aluminum which is essentially smooth and lacks any peaks or valleys on a microscopic level which would enhance adhesion.
FIG. 2 illustrates the magnified surface of aluminum foil treated in the manner of this invention to contain an electrically-conducting, adhesion-promoter layer of about 2 microns in thickness and which contains about 50 weight percent polyacrylic acid and about 50 weight percent carbon black. As is apparent, the surface of this layer is characterized as roughened (i.e., containing peaks and valleys) which would enhance the adherence of an electrode paste thereto.
In order to ascertain the effect on their adherence to an electrode paste, both bare aluminum foil and aluminum foil treated in the manner of this invention to contain an electrically-conducting, adhesion-promoter layer which contains about 50 weight percent polyacrylic acid and about 50 weight percent carbon black were used as the metal foil in the extruder application of a cathode paste. The cathode paste was prepared in a manner similar to that of Example 8 below. The cathode paste was then applied onto the metal foil via conventional extruder application.
In the case of bare aluminum foil, the foil was so non-adherent that the paste immediately separated therefrom. On the other hand, the aluminum foil treated in the manner of this invention to contain an electrically-conducting, adhesion-promoter layer as described above, readily retained the cathode paste and permitted curing of the paste and formation of an electrochemical cell. Additionally, the inclusion of an effective amount of a conductive material into the adhesion-promoter layer permits current to conduct through this layer and be collected by the current collector.
Thus, the above example illustrates the enhanced adherence achieved by the electrically-conducting, adhesion-promoter layer of this invention.
Example 8
A current collector containing an electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter is prepared in the manner described in Example 2 above. A cathode paste is then applied to the surface of the electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter. The cathode paste is prepared from a cathode powder as follows:
i. Cathode Powder
The cathode powder is prepared by combining 90.44 weight percent V₆O₁₃ [prepared by heating ammonium metavanadate (NH₄⁺VO₃⁻) at 450° C. for 16 hours under N₂ flow] and 9.56 weight percent of carbon powder (from Chevron Chemical Company, San Ramon, Calif. under the tradename of Shawinigan Black™). About 100 grams of the resulting mixture is placed into a grinding machine (Attritor Model S-1 purchased from Union Process, Akron, Ohio) and ground for 30 minutes. Afterwards, the resulting mixture is dried at about 260° C. for 16 hours to provide a cathode powder having about 84.45 weight percent V₆O₁₃.
The above mixing procedure is repeated until the entire sample is mixed so as to provide for 292 grams of cathode powder.
ii. Cathode Paste
A cathode paste is prepared by combining sufficient cathode powder to provide for a final product having 45 weight percent $V_2O_3$.
Specifically, about 28.71 grams of unground carbon powder (from Chevron Chemical Company, San Ramon, Calif. under the tradename of Shawinigan Black™) is combined in a glove box [under dry (<10 ppm H$_2$O) argon at ambient temperature and pressure] with about 57.2 grams of a 1:1 mixture of ethylene carbonate/triglyme and the resulting composite is mixed under dry argon and at ambient temperature and pressure on a double planatory mixer (Ross #2 mixer available from Charles Ross & Sons, Company, Hauppag, N.Y.) at about 20 rpm's until a paste is formed.
About 248.77 grams of a cathode powder prepared in a manner similar to that described above is added to the mixer along with an additional 57.2 grams of a 1:1 mixture of triglyme/ethylene carbonate and the resulting composite is mixed under dry argon and at ambient temperature and pressure on a double planatory mixer at about 20 rpm's until a dry paste is formed.
About 5 grams of polyethylene oxide (number average molecular weight about 600,000 available as Polyox WSR-205 from Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics, Danbury, Conn.), about 42.9 grams of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) (molecular weight about 400 available as SR-344 from Sartomer Company, Inc., Exton, Pa.) and containing less than about 50 ppm of inhibitor, and about 7.6 grams of ethoxylated trimethylpropane triacylate (TMPEOTA) (molecular weight about 450 available as SR-454 from Sartomer Company, Inc., Exton, PA) and containing less than about 50 ppm of inhibitor are added to about 57.2 grams of a 1:1 mixture of triglyme/ethylene carbonate and this mixture is added to the mixer.
The resulting slurry in the mixer is heated at about 65° C. while mixing for 2 hours at 60 rpm's to provide for the cathodic paste which had the following approximate weight percent of components:
| Component | Weight Percent |
|----------------------------------|----------------|
| $V_2O_3$ | 45 |
| Carbon | 10 |
| ethylene carbonate/triglyme | 34 |
| polyethylene oxide | 1 |
| polyethylene glycol diacrylate | 8.5 |
| ethoxylated trimethylpropane triacylate | 1.5 |
Inhibitor is removed from both the polyethylene glycol diacrylate and ethoxylated trimethylpropane triacylate by contacting each of these compounds with an Inhibitor Remover available as Product No. 31,133-2 from Aldrich Chemical, Milwaukee, Wisconsin which results in less than 50 ppm of inhibitor in the product.
In an alternative embodiment, the requisite amounts of all of the cathodic materials other than the cathode powder can be combined to form a first mixture and this first mixture is combined with the cathode powder to form a second mixture. This second mixture is then thoroughly mixed to provide for the cathode paste.
The cathode paste prepared as above is then heat treated at about 85° C. for about 20 minutes so as to enhance its adhesiveness, its softness and its electrolytic solvent retention properties.
The cathode paste is then placed onto the surface of the electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter attached to the current collector prepared in Example 2. A Mylar cover sheet is then placed over the paste and the paste is spread to thickness of about 90 microns ($\mu$m) with a conventional plate and roller system and cured by continuously passing the sheet through an electron beam apparatus (Electrocurtain, Energy Science Inc., Wolburn, Mass.) at a voltage of about 175 kV and a current of about 1.0 mA and at a conveyor belt speed setting of 50 which provides a conveyor speed of about 1 cm/sec. After curing, the Mylar sheet is removed to provide for a solid cathode laminated to a nickel on nickel current collector.
B. Electrolyte
A solid electrolyte is prepared in the manner described in U.S. Ser. Nos. 07/918,508 and 07/918,509 both filed Jul. 22, 1992 and both of which are incorporated herein by reference. Specifically, about 137.48 grams of a 1:1 mixture of ethylene carbonate/triglyme and about 34.26 grams of urethane acrylate (available as Photomer 6140 from Henkel Corporation, Coating and Chemicals Division, Ambler, Pa.) are first combined. The resulting solution is passed through a column of Inhibitor Remover (available as Product No. 31,133-2 from Aldrich Chemical, Milwaukee, Wis.) and then through a column of 4A molecular sieves to remove water.
This solution is then combined with about 5.02 grams of polyethylene oxide (number average molecular weight about 600,000 available as Polyox WSR-205 from Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics, Danbury, Conn.). Once the polyethylene oxide is dispersed, about 23.24 grams of LiAsF$_6$ (available from FMC Corporation Lithium Division, Bessemer City, N.C., as Lectrosalt™) is added while stirring with a laboratory mixer (Yamato Model LR41B, available from Fisher Scientific, Santa Clara, Calif.). Alternatively, the salt can be added before the polyethylene oxide (PEO) and then, after dissolution of the salt, the PEO can be added and stirred until dispersed.
The resulting 200 gram mixture contains the following weight percent of components:
| Component | Weight Percent |
|----------------------------------|----------------|
| ethylene carbonate | 34.37 |
| triglyme | 34.37 |
| polyethylene oxide | 2.51 |
| urethane acrylate | 17.13 |
| LiAsF$_6$ | 11.62 |
The mixture is then thoroughly mixed with the same laboratory mixer at heating until a temperature of about 85° C. is reached and then cooled to ambient temperature over at least a 2 hour period while stirring is maintained. This mixture is then placed into a vacuum (at about 0.1 torr) for about 30 minutes.
Afterwards, the electrolyte mixture is then coated by a conventional knife blade to a thickness of about 50 $\mu$m onto the surface of the cathode sheet prepared as above (on the side opposite that of the current collector) but without the Mylar covering. The electrolyte is then cured by continuously passing the sheet through an electron beam apparatus (Electrocurtain, Energy Science Inc., Wolburn, Mass.) at a voltage of about 175 kV and a current of about 1.0 mA and at a conveyor speed setting of 50 which provides for a conveyor speed of about 1 cm/sec. After curing, a composite is recovered which contained a solid electrolyte laminated to a solid cathode which, in turn, is laminated to a nickel on nickel current collector.
C. Anode
The anode comprises a sheet of lithium foil (about 76 $\mu$m thick) which is commercially available from FMC Corporation Lithium Division, Bessemer City, N.C.
D. The Solid Battery
A sheet comprising a solid battery is prepared by laminating the lithium foil anode to the surface of the electrolyte
in the sheet produced in step C above. Lamination is accomplished by minimal pressure.
The above examples are illustrative of this invention. It being understood, however, that this invention is not limited to these examples and that equivalent materials can be substituted therein. For example, polymers other than polyacrylic acid, polyoxyethylene oxide, and polyvinyl sulfonic acid used in the electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter layer such as maleic anhydride grafted polymers (e.g., polybutene, polypropylene, or copolymers of polyethylene and methyl acrylates, and the like), copolymers of acrylic acid with other solid matrix forming monomers (e.g., ethylene, propylene, butylene, and the like), etc. can be used in these examples by mere substitution for the polymer so used.
Likewise, other non-polymeric acid containing components can be used in place of stearic acid in Example 4 by mere substitution for the stearic acid so used. Such other non-polymeric acid containing components include, by way of example, abietic acid, decanoic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, menadial diphosphoric acid, phthalic acid, and 1-hexadecane sulfonic acid.
Still further, other conductive materials can be used in place of the Shawinigan Black™ carbon powder used in the above examples by mere substitution for the carbon powder so used. Such other conductive materials include, by way of example, graphite, powdered nickel, metal particles, conductive polymers (i.e., characterized by a conjugated network of double bonds like polypyrrol and polyacetylene), and the like.
What is claimed is:
1. An electrode/current collector composite comprising:
a metal foil suitable for use as a current collector,
a layer of a solid polymeric matrix, electrically-conducting, adhesion-promoter comprising formed on at least one surface of the metal foil which comprises from about 30 to 80 weight percent of a conductive material; from about 20 to about 70 weight percent of a polymer derived from a solid matrix forming monomer or partial polymer thereof; and an effective amount of acid functionalities so as to enhance the adherence of this layer of electrically-conducting adhesion-promoter to the surface of the metal foil; and a composite electrode paste selected from the group consisting of a cathode paste and an anode paste wherein the cathode paste comprises from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of a conductive material, from about 35 to about 60 weight percent of a compatible cathodic material, from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of an electrolytic solvent and from about 5 to 30 weight percent of a cathode prepolymer all based on the total weight of the paste and further wherein the anode paste comprises from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of a conductive material, from about 35 to about 60 weight percent of a compatible anodic material, from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of an electrolytic solvent and from about 5 to about 30 weight percent of an anode prepolymer all based on the total weight of the paste wherein said adhesion-promotor is interposed between said metal foil and said composite electrode.
2. The electrode/current collector according to claim 1 wherein said composite electrode is a composite cathode.
3. The electrode/current collector according to claim 1 wherein said composite electrode is a composite anode.
4. The electrode/current collector according to claim 1 wherein said current collector is aluminum foil. | 5ddc3338-b467-42f6-8190-e4e459766523 | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 72,327 |
Exhibit A Estate of Richard Case Nagell
YOU ARE HEREBY REQUIRED to bring all documents and records in the estate of the late Richard Case Nagell including, without limitation, handwritten notes, memoranda, drawings, photographs, tape recordings, motion pictures, and correspondence that relate to:
1. the assassination of President John F. Kennedy;
2. Lee Harvey Oswald;
3. the military service of the late Richard Case Nagell;
4. any intelligence activities of the late Richard Case Nagell;
5. any criminal activities, trials, or other legal proceedings from the year 1963 or related to any activities occuring in 1963. | <urn:uuid:6a488bf1-d015-46c4-b8da-2063df50e4e5> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 622 |
CleanSpace PRO and CleanSpace ULTRA respirators use an internal Lithium-ion Battery. This battery is fully rechargeable and contained within the Power Unit. Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices across many different industries including mobile phones.
CleanSpace batteries can go from flat to fully charged in just over 2 hours and can tolerate short top-up charges with minimal impact on battery longevity. This allows for long operating times on one power unit.
BATTERY CAPACITY
CleanSpace Battery Capacity: 20.54Wh (11.1V, 1850mAh)
The optimal performance for a Lithium-ion rechargeable battery is dependent on use and storage conditions.*
Adhering to CleanSpace battery management guidelines ensures that CleanSpace batteries deliver peak performance for a duration of up to 5 years. After this, operating times may reduce over time and more frequent charging may be required.
*See below for optimal use and storage conditions.
BATTERY CHARGE
A Battery Charge Indicator is located on the keypad of all CleanSpace respirators.
The table below shows the expected battery charge for the CleanSpace CST PRO and CleanSpace CST ULTRA as a percentage and as approximate run time remaining.
1. Battery operating time is affected by mask fit, filter type, work rate and environmental conditions. Actual operating times may vary. Operating times quoted in the table above are average durations at moderate work rates.
LOW BATTERY ALARM
All CleanSpace respirators incorporate an audible alarm to alert the user when the battery is approaching low charge.
The low battery alarm volume is approximately 75dB(A) at ear and consists of 3 beeps repeated once per second. The low battery alarm will sound when the battery reaches approximately 5% of useful battery life remaining.
If the low battery alarm sounds, leave the contaminated area immediately and re-charge the battery.
Uncontrolled if downloaded or printed from the internet.
(1 of 3) ED-0121 ECN2182 DEC23 REV1
RECOMMENDED USE CONDITIONS
* Temperature: -10˚ C to 45˚ C (14˚ F to 113˚ F)
* The CleanSpace Respirator will shut down when battery temperature is greater than 60°C or less than -10°C.
STEPS TO CHARGE THE BATTERY
1. Locate the charging port on underside of Power Unit.
3. Ensure the charger is plugged into a power socket.
2. Insert the charger cable connector into the charging port.
4. Charging is indicated by a minimum of one flashing green light on the Battery Charge Indicator.
6. Once charged, disconnect the charger cable from the charging port before use.
5. When fully charged 3 solid green lights will display on the Battery Charge Indicator.
Please refer to User Instructions for detailed information.
BATTERY CHARGING CONSIDERATIONS
The acceptable temperature range for charging is from 0 to 35 degrees C. The battery will not accept charge outside of this temperature range.
The respirator should not be worn whilst being charged.
Only CleanSpace-specified chargers are to be used to charge CleanSpace respirators. Use of other chargers may void the warranty.
CleanSpace batteries may also receive short (top up) charges.
There is no requirement to fully discharge the battery before re-charging.
For precise battery charge status, connect the respirator to its charger and ensure the charger is plugged into a power source. Wait for all three (3) Battery Charge Indicators to illuminate steadily without any flashing. If the third Battery Charge Indicator is flashing rapidly, the battery is 95% charged.
CLEANSPACE CST ULTRA ADVANCED BATTERY MANAGEMENT
CleanSpace CST ULTRA Advanced Battery
Management utilizes an intelligent chip which manages the battery consumption when the unit is in power off mode. When the battery reaches 70% (or below) in power off mode, the chip is activated to cut off almost all power sources which drain the battery – taking the battery into storage mode.
Long term battery storage technology enables the CleanSpace ULTRA to maintain significant battery charge whilst in storage for up to 1 year.
RECOMMENDED BATTERY RECHARGE FREQUENCY
CLEANSPACE CST ULTRA: Charge at least once per year. CLEANSPACE CST PRO: Charge at least once every 3 months.
Uncontrolled if downloaded or printed from the internet.
(2 of 3) ED-0121 ECN2182 DEC23 REV1
RECOMMENDED STORAGE CONDITIONS
* Dry environment (Relative Humidity 0% to 75%).
* Away from direct sunlight, in a clean, dry environment.
* Temperature: 10°C to 30°C (50°F to 86°F).
Battery life is dependent on use (number of cycles) and the storage temperature. High temperatures (over 35°C / 95°F) accelerate battery aging.
If the Power Unit is left continually on charge, there is minimal battery degradation.
CLEANSPACE SMART APP | BATTERY INFORMATION
CleanSpace ULTRA and CleanSpace PRO are Bluetooth-enabled and pair via a mobile device with the CleanSpace SMART App. CST respirator protection and status can be viewed. Battery capacity is displayed on the dashboard page of the CleanSpace SMART App as a % of remaining battery capacity.
The Smart App updates the displayed battery information at least every minute, as follows:
* When a significant change occurs (i.e. load on power unit increases)
* When the user connects to the Smart App
NOTE: Battery capacity is calculated by comparing battery voltage with maximum battery voltage. Minor fluctuations in displayed battery % are due to small load fluctuations effecting battery voltage.
BATTERY PRECAUTIONS:
Please adhere to the following precautions to ensure the best battery performance, life, reliability, and safety.
* Do not use or place the respirator in extreme heat, such as in direct sunlight or near heat sources. The battery will be damaged if its temperature rises above 70°C.
* Avoid mechanical shocks or impacts to the Power Unit; this includes penetration of sharp or hard objects.
* CleanSpace respirators will not function at internal temperatures above 60°C (140°F) or below -10°C (14°F).
* Do not use the respirator in heavy rain, allow it to get wet or immerse in liquid.
* Do not dispose of the Power Unit in fire.
* Do not disassemble the Power Unit case. There are no user serviceable parts inside. Dissembling the Power Unit case will void the manufacturer's warranty.
* Do not use the CleanSpace Respirator if there are any visible signs of severe mechanical damage in the Power Unit.
THE CleanSpace CST ULTRA is water tolerant (IP65 rating). The Cleaning and Storage plug MUST be inserted before the CleanSpace CST ULTRA is placed under running water for cleaning.
Uncontrolled if downloaded or printed from the internet.
(3 of 3) ED-0121 ECN2182 DEC23 REV1 | <urn:uuid:8cdd8a30-ecd2-46b7-b074-5a8e6ff2ea2a> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 6,678 |
Fulton County Focus
December 2016
www.fultoncountyoh.com
www.fultoncountyoh.com Fulton County CSEA recognized for Outstanding Performance
The Fulton County Child Support Agency (CSEA) has been recognized by the State of Ohio Department of Job and Family Services for their outstanding performance in 2016. For the fourth consecutive year, they received "Best Performance Paternity Establishment" in the Medium-Small Caseload Division for 2016. Additionally in 2016, they were named for the "Best Overall Performance" in the Medium-Small Caseload Division.
CSEA works for the children of Fulton County to ensure they receive the financial and medical support they are legally entitled to and deserve.
Front Row: Keri Baird, LuAnn Stiriz, Cindy Evans, Colleen Fether
Back Row: Deanna Moss, Jody Gerig, Linda Fisher, Laurie Rose, Becky Huddy.
Stechschulte receives Charles W. Lifer Excellence Award
From left to right: Commissioner Jeff Rupp, Commissioner Bill Rufenacht, Jill Stechschulte and Commissioner Paul Barnaby.
Tis the Season for Dog Tags!!
Jill Stechschulte, Extension Educator, 4-H Youth Development and County Director of OSU Extension Fulton County was awarded the Charles W. Life Excellence in 4-H Professional Leadership at the OSU Extension Annual Conference recently. This award is the highest, peer nominated and selected award that a 4-H Educator can receive in Ohio and recognizes significant contributions to 4-H Youth Development programing.
Stechschulte has been with OSU Extension for 21 years and has maintained traditional 4-H club membership of over 1000 youth ages 8-18. That represents over 21,00 youth in 21 years!
She has excelled in volunteer recruitment and development for both youth and adults offering trainings and programs on a yearly basis. Additionally she has been instrumental in creating "Camp Counseling" and "Miniature Gardens" Project Idea Starters, and the Cloverbud Group Project "Choose & Tell." Her peers recognize her commitment and leadership for developing and maintaining a county 4-H program that makes a positive impact and impacting the lives of thousands.
Order your tags online, by mail or stop in to one of several locations throughout Fulton County! For more information, visit www.fultoncountyoh.com/auditor.
@FultonCounty_OH Download our App Fulton County, OH | <urn:uuid:40ebef11-2b00-4c06-b690-4fd0d7ad095d> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 2,343 |
21. dan, 17. listopada 2023.
Nakana:
Molimo kako bismo svaki dan iznova stavljali na sebe punu opremu Božju, kako bismo mogli biti jaki u sili i snazi Njegove moći.
Sveto pismo:
„Jer nije nam se boriti protiv krvi i mesa, nego protiv Vrhovništva, protiv Vlasti, protiv upravljača ovoga mračnoga svijeta, protiv zlih duhova po nebesima. Zbog toga posegnite za svom opremom Božjom da uzmognete odoljeti u dan zli i održati se kada sve nadvladate." (Ef 6, 12 - 13)
Razmatranje:
Svaki dan života čovjek živi u jednoj materijalnoj stvarnosti. Rođeni smo u tijelu, u tijelu se ostvarujemo kao ljudi. Kada bi čovjeka željeli staviti u neku skalu bića, našli bi ga između anđela i životinje. „On je najniži duh i najviši oblik tijela, najgluplji anđeo i najpametnija životinja, niska točka hijerarhije uma i visoka točka hijerarhije tijela." U tom odnosu čovjek koji živi samo materijalnu stvarnost ostaje prikovan uz tijelo. Bog nas je stvorio ipak kao nešto više, pozvani na više, ostvarujemo se svakoga dana. Vidimo čovjeka pozvanog na kulturu, umjetnost na prepoznavanje onoga lijepoga i plemenitoga što ga ostvaruje kao više biće od životinje. Ulazeći u Kristovo otajstvo Sinovstva po krštenju ulazimo u taj duhovni boj vjere koji nas poziva na više. I dok promatramo kako Isusa Sina Božjega sude i osuđuju, moramo biti svjesni da nije učenik veći od Učitelja. I nas će suditi i osuđivati, zato nas sveti Pavao poziva da uđemo u duhovni boj poniznosti. Pavao nam govori kako bit ove borbe nije u tijelu, te kako ova borba živi u ljudskom duhu. Izvan ovog materijalnog svijeta koji nam se otvara našim ljudskim osjetilima, nalazi se duhovni svijet koji nas nadilazi. I dok promatramo dobro, lijepo, plemenito ili bilo što iz duhovnog reda stvarnosti, naziremo kako nas nadilazi. Upravo zato Pavao nas poziva da kao vjernici molimo milost i snagu u Bogu koji je prvo počelo svega stvorenoga. Posegnimo za onim što nam Bog daje na raspolaganje kako bismo živjeli kao istinski ljudi pozvani na više. Prije svega dok nam nabraja opremu Božju, Pavao nas opasuje istinom kao prvim uvjetom života. Ne možemo živjeti u laži, ona će nas pojesti, upropastiti, srozati na životinjski svijet u kojem prevarom nad sobom ili drugima, možemo ostvariti svoje kratkotrajne ciljeve, ali koji nam neće donijeti trajni mir duha. Oklopom pravednosti čuvamo svoje srce istinskim mjestom u kojem Bog prebiva. Ako nemamo na sebi oklop pravednosti, nepravda učinjena nama ili drugima prodire u ljudsko srce, tako iskrivljujemo sliku Boga u nama te neke druge sile, vlasti i vrhovništva imaju prednost pred Jedinim Bogom života koji se po Sinu objavljuje čovjeku kao pravi Bog i pravi Čovjek. On je taj čiji radosni navještaj istine o čovjeku treba biti na nogama, odnosno živo propovijedan i svjedočen. Evanđelje koje nam objavljuje istinski mir, koji dolazi jedino po poznavanju istinskog Čovjeka Isusa Krista, mora hodati ovim svijetom kako bi u svima nama živio pravi Čovjek Isus Krist. Pozvani smo reći: „Ne živim više ja nego Krist u meni." Tako se pobjeđuje ograničenost tijela. Noseći uza se štit vjere, koja nas osposobljuje nadilaziti granice zemaljskoga. Vjera osposobljava naše oči duha da promatramo i živimo usmjereni na Boga Spasitelja, koji pokazuje dostojanstvo čovjeka u ljubavi, koja se predaje do kraja za nas. Ohrabreni njegovom Riječju možemo živjeti duhovni boj života koji nas u konačnici sprema za Nebo, jer građani smo Neba. Zato naše molitve uzdižemo Duhu Svetom Branitelju koji je istina ostvarena u ljubavi. Njega žarko zazivamo da nam svojom milosti pomogne živjeti svaki dan dostojanstvo djece Božje. Po krštenju urasli smo u Krista, pozvani da živimo u sili i snazi njegove moći ustrajmo u ljubavi prema svemogućem Ocu.
Molitva:
Bože Oče svemogući, po tvojoj ljubavi i milosrđu, čovjeka si izabrao da u njem pokažeš svoju veličinu. Tvoj Sin utjelovio se i postao čovjekom da bi uzdigao dostojanstvo čovjeka. Po svome Sinu učinio si nas svojim sinovima. Njegova muka, smrt i uskrsnuće osposobljava nas za život po Duhu. Daruj nam ustrajnost u duhovnom boju da zadobijemo vijenac njegove slave. Milošću Duha Svetoga opaši nas istinom, obuci na nas oklop pravednosti, podari nam štit vjere. Učini nas ustrajnima u naviještanju tvoje Riječi kako bi svaki čovjek doživio tvoje spasenje te bio duhom uzdignut u otajstvo sinovstva. To te molimo po istom Kristu Gospodinu našemu, Sinu tvome, koji s Tobom živi i vlada posve vijeke vijeka. Amen.
p. Šimo Marinović SJ
PSALAM 123:
Oči svoje uzdižem k tebi koji u nebesima prebivaš. Evo, kao što su uprte oči slugu u ruke gospodara i oči sluškinje u ruke gospodarice tako su oči naše uprte u Gospodina, Boga našega, dok nam se ne smiluje. Smiluj nam se, Gospodine, smiluj se nama jer se do grla nasitismo prezira. Presita nam je duša podsmijeha obijesnih, poruga oholih. | <urn:uuid:c53bd047-8f19-4254-a3c2-038b27ba35fb> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/hrv_Latn/train | finepdfs | hrv_Latn | 4,822 |
Comune di Brolo
(Provincia di Messina)
Oggetto: dichiarazione ex art. 20 del D. L.gs n. 39/2013.
La sottoscritta STANCAMPIANO CARMELA nata a Brolo (ME) il 01.06.1956 nominata Segretario
Comunale titolare della sede di Segreteria convenzionata tra i Comuni di Brolo, Sinagra e Ficarra, giusto Provvedimento Sindacale n. 5 del 29.01.2015 consapevole delle sanzioni penali richiamate
dall'art. 76 del D.P.R. 28.12.2000 n. 445, in caso di dichiarazioni mendaci e di formazione o uso di atti falsi,
DICHIARA
che nei suoi confronti non sussiste alcuna delle cause di inconferibilità di cui al D. L.gs 08.04.2013 n. 39
recante "Disposizioni in materia di inconferibilità e incompatibilità di incarichi presso le Pubbliche
Amministrazioni e presso gli Enti privati in controllo pubblico, a norma dell'art. 1 commi 49 e 50 della
Legge 6 novembre 2012, n. 190" e che si impegna a comunicare ogni modificazione riguardante le situazioni oggetto della presente dichiarazione.
Brolo lì 19/02/2016
Il Segretario Comunale
F.to Dott. Stancampiano Carmela | <urn:uuid:6fdbf870-f185-47a3-8488-de712a5db1ab> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ita_Latn/train | finepdfs | ita_Latn | 1,055 |
Krunica nas smješta u živo zajedništvo s ISUSOM PO SRCU NJEGOVE MAJKE
(Ivan Pavao II.)
Crkva Gospe od Krunice u Trvižu
Župna crkva Blažene Djevice Marije od Svete krunice sagrađena je 1897. godine, zvonik – odvojen od crkve – godinu dana ranije. Do gradnje nove crkve, titular župe bio je sv. Petar apostol. Crkva Sv. Petra na groblju, ranija župna crkva, građena je u tri faze, što je vidljivo u njezinoj gradnji; najstariji je sloj iz 11./12. stoljeća, u drugoj fazi dograđen je brod i apsida, a u trećoj, u 19. st., pročelje. U toj su crkvi ostaci fresaka.
Godine 1936. župnik Leopod Jurica zabilježio je da u župi postoje gradevine ili ostaci gradevin deset crkvenih zdanja.
Crkvu Gospe od Krunice posvetio je tršćansko-koparski biskup Andrija Matija Sterk. Trobrodna je sa svetištem, sakristijom i trima oltarima: glavni s palom BDM sv. Krunice, te Srca Isusova i Sv. Josipa.
Krstionica je izgrađena u kombinaciji kamena i drva. U njoj su orgulje iz 1911. godine.
Pročelje crkve je ukrašeno geometrijskim motivima i lukovima u obliku izbočina fasade.
Trviž - u spisima se spominje kao Terveis, Tervis i Tarvisium – imao je u 14. st. župana, podžupana i župansko vijeće. U 17. st. u opustelju župu (rat i kuga) doselile su hrvatske obitelji.
Župa pripada pazinskom dekanatu; župnik je vlč. Ante Žufić.
Listopad
| S | 1 | Terezija od Djeteta Isusa |
|---|---|---------------------------|
| N | 2 | 27. KROZ GODINU, Andeli čuvari |
| P | 3 | Maksimilijan, Gerard |
| U | 4 | Franjo Asiški |
| S | 5 | Flavijan, Miodrag, Flora |
| Č | 6 | Bruno, Renato, Verica |
| P | 7 | Gospa od Ružarija |
| S | 8 | Justina, Simun |
| N | 9 | 28. KROZ GODINU, Dionizije, Denis |
| P | 10 | Franjo Borgija, Gedeon |
| U | 11 | Firmin, Tvrtko, Emilia |
| S | 12 | Serafin, Makso |
| Č | 13 | Eduard, Edo |
| P | 14 | Kalist, Roland |
| S | 15 | Terezija Avilska |
| N | 16 | 29. KROZ GODINU, Margereta M. A. |
| P | 17 | Ignacije Antiohijski |
| U | 18 | Luka evanđelista |
| S | 19 | Pavao od Kriza, Laura |
| Č | 20 | Vendelin, Irena, Stela |
| P | 21 | Uršula, Celina |
| S | 22 | Marija Saloma, Dražen |
| N | 23 | MISIJSKA, Ivan Kapistran |
| P | 24 | Antun Marija Claret |
| U | 25 | Krizant i Darija, Katarina Kotorska |
| S | 26 | Demetrije, Zvonko, Radovan |
| Č | 27 | Flora, Sabina |
| P | 28 | Simun i Juda Tadej |
| S | 29 | Narcis, Linda, Donat |
| N | 30 | 31. KROZ GODINU, Alfonzo Rodriguez |
| P | 31 | Wolfgang, Lucila |
Spomendani
4. listopada
Sv. Franjo Asiški - Juršići. Crkvu je izgradio župnik Josip Velikanje 1874., uz potporu cara Franje Josipa, a posvetio iduće godine biskup Juraj Dobrila. Župu je osnovao biskup dr. Dragutin Nežić 1950. godine.
7. listopada
Blažena Djevica Marija od Krunice - Trviž
27. listopada
Sv. Flor - Loborika. Župna crkva je obnavljana 1845. Na vanjskom zidu crkve uzidan je predromanički reljef, andeo, simbol evanđelista Matije. U šumi kod Loborike su ruševine srednjovjekovnog naselja i predromaničke crkve Sv. Silvestra pape.
28. listopada
Sv. Šimun i Tadija - Tinjan. Župna crkva sagrađena 1773. godine, ranija je bila posvećena Sv. Antunu opatu. U crkvi su orgulje iz 1868. godine.
Herojska ljubav prema siromasima
Kada se sv. Franjo odrekao svih dobara, izjavio je: “Čujte me i shvatite dobro! Do ovog sam časa svojim ocem nazivao Pietra Bernardonea, odsad s većim pouzdanjem mogu reći: ‘Oče naš, koji jesi na nebesima, u tebe stavljam sve svoje blago i nadu i zalog svog ufanja.’
Piše Zdenka JELAČIĆ
Sv. Franjo Asiški rođio se početkom 1182. godine u Asizu kao sin trgovca Pietra di Bernardonea i Ivane. U odsutnosti oca krstila ga je majka davši mu ime Ivan. Otač je tome imenu kasnije dodao Franjo. Kao dječak, a poslije kao i mladić, bavio se prodajom sukna, čime je nastavljao očevu tradiciju. Uz posao živahni je mladić u sebi osjećao vatrenu želju da bude prvi u svemu. Zanesen avanturizmom i slavom, sudjelovao je aktivno i u oružanim razmircama između Asiza i Perugije, između naroda i feudalaca. Zarobljeništvo i bolest ostaviti će velikog traga na njegovom duhovnom životu. Međutim, želja za slavom bila je još uvijek jača u njemu sve do trenutka kad će u Spoletu u snu čuti tajanstveni glas koji će ga pozvati da radije slijedi gospodara nego slugu. Taj će san biti prekretnica u njegovu životu da napusti želju za svjetskom slavom i da se vratí u Asiz gdje će započeti život karitativnog služenja i pobožnosti. Da svlada ono što mu po naravi bijaše odvratno, dao se na djela herojske ljubavi prema siromasima i gubavcima.
Franjo je u crkvi Sv. Damjana u Asizu, 1205. godine, čuo Isusov glas s križa: “Franjo, podi i popravi mi crkvu jer, kako viđiš, sva je u ruševinama!” Mislio je da ga Bog zove da obnovi ruševnu crkvicu Sv. Damjana. Uz pomoć dobrih ljudi obnovio je crkvicu, međutim, Kristov poziv za obnovu Crkve i dalje je u njegovoj duši odzvanjao. Nakon duhovnih razmatranja i molitvi, shvatio je da Bog od njega traži da se dadne na duhovnu se kao pokornik i Bogu posvećena osoba podložio posve crkvenoj vlasti. Tada je izjavio: “Čujte me i shvatite dobro! Do ovog sam časa svojim ocem nazivao Pietra Bernardonea, odsad s većim pouzdanjem mogu reći: ‘Oče naš, koji jesi na nebesima, u tebe stavljam sve svoje blago i nadu i zalog svog ufanja.’”
Nalazeći se jednog dana u crkvi Sv. Marije Andeoske, čuo je kod mise ove evandeoske riječi: “Ne pribavljaljte sebi u pojase ni zlatna, ni srebrna, ni bakrena novca; ni putne torbe, ni dviju haljina, ni obuće, ni štapa, jer radnik zaslужuje uzdržavanje!” (Mt 10,9-10). Čuvši te riječi, bio je tako snažno zahvaćen ljubavlju prema siromaštvu da je uskliknuo: “To je što tražim, to je što svim srcem želim!”
Franjo je dvije godine prije smrti ušao u posljednji odsjek svoga duhovnoga puta, u mističnu suobličenost s Kristom, koja je po svitim ranama što ih je primio dobila i svoj vidljivi izraz.
Sv. Franjo se prvi put susreo sa simbolom Tau kad se brinuo za gubavce. Kristov su križ u liku grčkoga Tau upotrebljavali kao zaštitu protiv gube i drugih kožnih bolesti; Franjo je taj simbol usvojio, i tako je Tau postao njegov znak i potpis.
Sveti Franjo nas uči da nas Tau mora podsjećati na jednu veliku istinu vjere, a to je: naš život, otkupljen snagom raspetoga Krista, mora svakoga dana sve više postajati novi život, život koji se daruje iz ljubavi.
Molitva sv. Franje
Gospodine, učini me orudem svoga mira,
Gdje je mržnja, da donosim ljubav!
Gdje je uvreda, da donosim praštanje!
Gdje je nesloga, da donosim jedinstvo!
Gdje je zabluda, da donosim istinu!
Gdje je sumnja, da donosim vjeru!
Gdje je očaj, da donosim nadu!
Gdje je tama, da donosim svjetlo!
Gdje je žalost, da donosim radost!
Gospodine,
daj da ne tražim da me tješe,
nego da ja tješim druge;
da ne zahtijevam da me razumiju,
nego da ja razumijem druge!
Jer tko se daruje, prima;
tko prista,bit će mu oprošteno
i tko umire sebi, rada se za vječni život!
obnovu Crkve, koju će započeti sa subraćom.
Potpuno u srcu obraćen i posve opređijen za Krista, Franjo se javno pred pobožnim asiškim biskupom Gvidom II. odrekao svih dobara i prava na očinsku baštinu. Time
Sadržaj
Crkvena godina
Sv. Franjo, obnovitelj Kristove Crkve 3
Teološka misao
Drinske mučenice uzdignute na čast oltara 5
Zlatomisnik
Preč. Marijan Jelenić, zlatni svećenički jubilej 6-9
Kronika
Proslava sv. Kuzme i Damjana u Fažani 10
Proslava sv. Eufemije u Rovinju 11
Po Svetoj Zemlji Kristovim stopama 12
Istrani na posveti Crkve hrvatskih mučenika 13
In memoriam 14/15
Dva zlatomisnika - jedno misno slavlje 16
Miholja u Žminju 17
Župna zajednica
Župa Sv. Martina u Bermu 18-21
Pismo iz Rima
Mir je moguć i nakon Jedanaestog rujna 22
Crkva i društvo
Kako razumjeti utakmicu za vlast 23
Mladi
Početak školske godine u Pazinskom kolegiju 24
Kronika
Početak akademske godine u sjemeništu Redemptoris Mater 25
Blaženik sutra
Sl. Božji Miroslav Bulešić 26
Kultura
Lovrečica ima najstarije orgulje u Istri 27
Feljton
Crkva u Istri u doba Italije 28/29
Savjeti
Antibiotici se koriste razumno 30
Beside
Čakule pod ladonjon 31
Drinske mučenice uzdignute na čast oltara
Mogle su sačuvati život da su se odrekle Krista i prihvatile nečasne ponude neprijatelja. Radije su izabrale Krista i danas, nakon sedamdeset godina, službeno ih je Crkva uzdigla na čast oltara.
Piše mr. Ilija JAKOVLJEVIĆ
Katolička crkva u hrvatskom narodu od samih svojih početaka do današnjeg dana nalazi se na udaru „starog zmaja“, koji pokušava vjernika odvojiti od Boga, koji je izvor života i zajedništva. Crkva predvodena hrabrim pastirima i pojedinicima davala je i daje svjedočanstvo vjere. Divni primjer žrtvovanje za Krista i kršćanske ideale posvijedočilo je pet sestara: M. Jula (Kata) Ivanišević, predstojnica samostana, s. M. Bernadeta (Terezija) Banja, s. M. Krizina (Josefa) Bojane, s. M. Antonija (Jožefa) Fabjan i s. M. Berchmana Johanna (Karoline Anna) Leidenix, u prosincu 1941. godine, poznate kao Drinske mučenice. Velika tragedija je započela 11. prosinca 1941. na Palama, nadomak Sarajeva, kad su po tko zna koji put u povijesti, započela četnička maltretiranja nad katoličkim redovnicama, i sve je okončano mučeničkom smrću nakon nekoliko dana. Sestre su bile odvedene iz samostana, ispitivane, maltretirane, ali unatoč svima nedacama i svjesnosti da mogu biti ubijene nisu se prestrašile, već su spremno prihvatile mučeništvo da sačuvaju svoje djevičanstvo i ljudsko dostojanstvo. Mogle su sačuvati život da su se odrekle Krista i prihvatile nečasne ponude neprijatelja. Radije su izabrale Krista i danas, nakon sedamdeset godina, službeno ih je Crkva uzdigla na čast oltara.
Koliko je naše društvo naučilo iz povijesti?
Pomatrajući stanje oko sebe, čini mi se da se nismo daleko odmakli. Oni najjednostavniji, skromni, maleni, poslušni, ponovno su obespravljeni i postali robovi gospodara ovog svijeta. Pojedinci, Crkva, neki sindikati, pokušavaju ukazati na novo ropstvo trećeg tisućljeća. Ozakonjuje se ono što nije u skladu s nadnaravnim i naravnim zakonom. I to ne u šumama i gorama, kao nekada, već u Hrvatskom saboru, gradskim i općinskim vijećima. Svi zakoni koji se predlože, prolaze kao na traci, jer to je uskladivanje s pravnom stečevinom Europske unije – tako kažu oni koji žele sve ozakoniti. Međutim, ima li mjesta za čovjeka u tim i takvim stvarima?
U Hrvatskoj za takvo stanje najdogovorniji su kršćani!
Odgovornost nas kršćana je u tome što ništa ne činimo. Ako se suprotstavimo autoritetu tada ispadamo neposlušnima i ne podobnima, ako sve prihvatimo postajemo robovima. Možemo birati između poslušnosti i ropstva. Međutim, naša nas savjest, koju nam je Bog darova, potiče da nešto učinimo. Ako nismo ništa učinili, mi smo odgovorni, jer nismo upotrijebili onaj talent koji nam je Bog darova, o kojem Biblija govori, već smo ga duboko zakopali u sebi i čuvamo ga za sudnji dan. Mi se kršćani, u načelu, svemu pokoravamo i opravdamo se na način da se to na nas ne odnosi i da ne možemo ništa učiniti, osim jadikovati. I tako će biti dok god budemo stajali po strani prekrštenih ruku i šutjeli. Šutnja i nedjelovanje nas je dovelo do ovog stanja.
Je li ikada opravdano ne pokoriti se državnom zakonu?
Odgovor na ovo pitanje možemo pronaći u Djelima 5,27-29: »Kad ih dovedoše, stavši ih pred Veliko vijeće. Veliki ih svećenik upita: ‘Zar vam nismo oštro zabranili da učirete o tome imenu? A vi ste, evo, napunili Jeruzalem svojom naukom i hočete da bacite na nas krv toga čovjeka.’ Treba se više pokoravati Bogu nego ljudima’ – odgovorioše Petar i apostoli.« Iz ovoga primjera jasno vidimo da se državnom zakonu trebamo pokoravati dokle god se ne sukobljuje s Božjim zakonom. No, onoga trenutka kada državni zakon proturječi Božjoj zapovijedi, trebamo biti neposlušni državnom zakonu i pokoriti se Božjem zakonu. Tako će postupiti odgovorni kršćanin, kao što su to učinile Drinske mučenice.
Pola stoljeća
U nedjelju 31. srpnja u Župnoj crkvi sv. Blaža župnik preč. Marijan Jelenić proslavio je 50-u obljetnicu misništva. Preč. Marijan Jelenić službovao je na župama u Svetom Lovreću Pazenatičkom, Žbandaju, Gradini, kraće vrijeme upravljao je župama Sveti Ivan od Šterne, Rovinjsko Selo, Juršići i Galižana, a zlatnu misu dočekao je kao župnik u Vodnjanu.
Razgovarao Željko MRAK
L: Na spomen Vodnjana prva asocijacija je župnik Marijan Jelenić, čuvac vodnjanskih svetih tijela i organizator Festivala duhovne glazbe „Iskrice“. Neumorni ste i stripljivi pastir Crkve koji svim tim događajima daje svoj pečat. Kakvi su bili Vaš početci u Vodnjanu?
M: Možda se može reći da je Vodnjan danas u mnogočemu vezan uz prezime Jelenić. U Vodnjanu sam kao još mladi svećenik otkrio bogatstvo koje nisam vidio u jedanaest godina rada u Svetlovreću Pazenatičkom, Gradini, Žbandaju, Sv. Ivanu od Šterne, Rovinjskom Selu. Vodnjan je u prošlosti slavio kao grad. I to jest po svojoj arhitekturi, po 60 crkava koliko ih je bilo, po velebnoj crkvi, zvoniku i osobito po inventaru koji čuva, po svojoj iznimnoj povijesti. Mnoštvo slika, kipova, liturgijskog ruha, čipki. Drugdje kao da se to sve potrošilo. Najdojmljivije je svakako velika količina relikvija koju sam tu zatekao. Dio se relikvija čuvalo u zidnom ormaru kraj sakristije, veći dio do 1952. u desnoj kapeli. Moj prethodnik don Vinko Peresa, sklonio je relikvije u hodnik kraj sakristije. Ondje su u mraku bile zapuštene i samo se na blagdan sv. Blaža kraj njih prolazilo.
Godine 1975. iznenada je umro don Vinko. Sljedeće godine dao sam se na popravak crkve i već tada pripremio sakristiju za izlaganje relikvija. G. 1976. ovdje su došli ing. kemije Drago Plečko i etnologinja Fabijana Tihanic iz Zagreba, koji su ovo smatrali čudom. I kao takvo je odljeknulo na Zagrebačkoj televiziji, za njih ne bez posljedica. Već te godine sve smještamo mnogo decentnije iza glavnog oltara u veliki ostakljeni sanduk, pa je pomalo krenula rijeka posjetnika. Kroz gotovo 40 godina vapio sam na sve strane za pomoć da se ovo prouči, zaštititi i prezentira. Tek su značajni pomaci počeli 2009. proslavom 190-godišnje nazočnosti relikvija u Vodnjanu te imenovanjem Povjerenstva za zaštitu i prezentaciju. O tome će se sigurno mnogo čuti kod nas i u svijetu.
L: Vaše djetinjstvo i školovanje počinje u rodnom Žminju, gdje ste 23. srpnja 1961. imali i mladu misu. Kako je taj put izgledao i što posebno pamtite? Koja su Vaša svećenička iskustva iz župa na kojima ste prvo službovali?
R: Roden sam 1938. u Puli. Djetinjstvo sam proživio u selu Lucijani na zapadnoj Žminjštini. Otec je bio tri godine vojni zarobljenik. Poginuo je 1945. u partizanima. Rastao sam s majkom. Otcu mi je veoma nedostajao, pa lakše razumijem djecu bez roditelja ili onu s rastavljenim roditeljima. Proživjeli smo bombardiranje Žminja i poratno siromaštvo. Majka je danonoćno radila da preživimo. Osnovnu školu pohodao sam četiri razreda u Modrušanima. S 11 godina otišao sam u Pazinsko sjemenište, gdje sam našao društvo od 300 sjemeništaraca sa svih strana tadašnje Jugoslavije.
U Sjemeništu nam je bilo divno. Zahvalni smo našim poglavarima, profesorima, djelatnicima. Imali smo sve, osim možda nešto manje hrane. Ondje smo i neprimjetno postajali dio naprednog svijeta, upijali znanje i vjeru. Oko 1.400 pazinskih gojenaca uvijek su i svugdje ostavljali dobre plodove svoje formacije. Ondje sam doživio čudesnu sigurnost da Bog postoji i da trojedini Bog prebiva u čovjeku. Od tada su bili riješeni svi moji problemi.
Zareden sam 16. srpnja 1961. uz specijalnu dozvolu pape Pavla VI. jer sam imao tek 23 godine. Osam dana nakon toga slavio sam mladu misu u Žminju, već sljedeće nedjelje bio sam upravitelj župa Sveti Lovreć, Žbandaj i Gradina. Na mojoj prvoj misi u Svetom Lovreću bilo je svega 16 osoba. Nevjerojatno za mene koji sam došao iz Žminja, gdje je
Svećeništva
Slavlje Zlatne misa u Žminju
crkva bivala puna. Dok sam nešto adaptirao stan, hranio sam se kod obitelji Josipa Banića, na čemu im vječna hvala! U gradiću je bio pravi teror. Na svećenikov pozdrav nije se osudilo odgovoriti niti četvrtina stanovništva, a ja sam počeo komunicirati sa svima. Za prvog sam blagoslova kuća isao u sve kuće, pa je to ocijenjeno kao neprijateljsko djelovanje. U svim župama, kasnije i u Svetom Ivanu od Šterne, bilo je prepuno lijepih i čudesnih događaja o kojima bi valjalo zapisati sjećanja jer mnoge stvari današnji naraštaji nemogu shvatiti. Svesrdnim zalaganjem, broj se vjernika svugdje na misama mnogostruko povećavao, pa je bilo divno gledati kako „usjevi“ rastu. Kad sam Boži Milanoviću rekao da u Žbandaju dolazi 60-70 ljudi, reče: „To je čudo. Ondje ni za vrijeme Italije nisu isli na misu.“ Crkva je širila radost i nadu. Već sam u Svetlovreću govorio da će zemljoradnici jednom dobiti mirovinu, što je ljudima bilo nepojmljivo.
L: Za određeni dio osoba iz medija i javnog života slovite za „strogog“ svećenika, koji je previše revan u održavanju pravila ponašanja i čudoreda, s posebnim naglaskom na turističke posjete sakralnim objektima. No, to im nije dovoljno nego Vas napadaju da niste u skladu s trendovima suvremenog društva, da se turistička ponuda mora prilagoditi kako bi se taj proizvod prodao?
Ja sam tajnik Odbora za pastoral turizma Biskupske konferencije, pa su mi problemi turizma veoma dobro poznati. Sudjelova sam i na nekoliko svjetskih simpozija o toj problematici. Kod nas vlasta stihija. Ima dobar dio turističko-ugostiteljskih radnika, kako i sami kažete, mišljenja kako gostu treba sve dozvoliti da bi se iz njega izvuklo što više. Međutim, već naoko je vidljivo kako većina turista poštuje zakon, red i besprigovornog su ponašanja. Oni zaziru i gadi im se svaki nered. Samo mali dio ljudi s turizmom vezuje i provod. Kad mi tom malom dijelu omogućujemo i propagiramo rasposjansni život, onda uništavamo onaj pravi turizam koji je svojevrsna dobrobit za zdravlje i odgoj ljudi. Većina ljudi godišnji odmor smatra vidom obnove u svakom, pa i vjerskom i moralnom pogledu. Živio sam u Parizu mjesec dana, u Italiji takoder mjesec dana, obišao sve talijanske veće gradove, nered nije nigdje dozvoljen. Dakle, sve je jasno.
Nama ljeti dolazi 80 posto ljudi kojima se ne može prigovoriti ništa za odjeću, a 20 posto njih je neadekvatno
Preč. Marijan Jelenić sa suradnicima
obučeno za ulaz u crkvu. I od tih 20 posto velik se dio ispriča, ide opremiti i vraća, tek se poneki bune, čak prijete prijavom, osobito žene. Mi bismo bili nedostojni čuvati naših svetinja kad bismo dopustili nered i nepoštivanje. Što bi svijet o nama mislio? Dakle, ne radi se o strogosti, nego redu i pijetetu prema svećima i mučenicima, najdijavnijim sinovima i kćerima čovječanstva. Mediji su razvikali kako je gostu sve dozvoljeno. Neki mediji čak Hrvatsku propagiraju kao slobodarsku „sekoslandiju“, zemlju gdje je sve moguće i dozvoljeno, pa se čak i oni koji su došli s tom nakanom razočaraju, a time i pokapaju turizam kao dugoročnu prihodnu granu, a osobito kao sredstvo odgoja za uspjeh i radost. Pitanje je zašto vlasti i Ministarstvo turizma dozvoljavaju takvo ponižavanje Lijepe naše. Ponizuju i izruguju se s domaćim stanovništvom koje časno živi. Takvi me napadi, dakle, ne zabrinjavaju.
L: Već smo spominjali Vodnjanska sveta tijela. Neraspadnuta tijela svetaca predstavljaju znanstveni fenomen. Svake godine tisuće posjetitelja posjećuju ovo mjesto. Je li to najveća zbirka relikvija u Hrvatskoj i što ona znači u europskim okvirima?
U Vodnjanu imamo fenomen neraspadnutih tijela svetaca. To nije jasno ni ljudima iz Crkve jer su neupučeni. Nešto će više svijeta na to baciti znanstveni simpozij koji pripremamo u siječnju. Mi imamo ovdje tijela svetih koja se nisu raspala. Za neke su to bila samo sasušena tijela bez posebnog značenja. Ali je CT-snimanjem utvrđeno kako je jedno tijelo djelomično raspadnuto, a dva su tijela sačuvana sa svim nutarnjim organima, što je senzacija. Ne znamo za sada da postoji takav slučaj u svijetu.
Ti su sveci imali svoj blagdan, svoju vlastitu misu u misalima, pa je zapravo krivnja na nama što su postali nepoznati i u puku neštovan. Tijela su za sada nezaštićena i dolazak posjetitelja škodi im ponajviše povošenjem temperature i vlagom zbog disanja i znojenja. Kad se zaštite, treba obnoviti njihove blagdane radi opće koristi. Naravno, to je povezano i sa životom župne zajednice. Ako se to oglašava javnosti, onda se ne može pogrebovom ili nekim lokalnim programom priječiti dolazak mnoštva ljudi. Zato, nakon zaštite neraspadnutih svetih tijela ostaje najveći problem smještaja. U tom smislu imamo dvije opcije, gradnju novog prostora desno do župne crkve na tri etaže površine oko 800 metara četvornih, ili izgradnju kripte na površini od 380 metara četvornih. Prema crkvenoj tradiciji smještaja relikvija, kripta bi bila optimalno i konačno rješenje, funkcionalna bi za sebe bez obzira na ono što se zbiva u župnoj crkvi. Zanimljivo kako glavina gostiju iz zapadnog svijeta pita za ulazak u kriptu.
Uz neraspadnuta Sveta tijela, imamo ukupno oko 300 relikvija drugih svetaca, pa je jedan vizitator Svette Stolice rekao: „Vodnjan ima više relikvija nego obje Amerike i Australija zajedno.“ Mi smo u Hrvatskoj sigurno jedino mjesto s tolikim relikvijama, a možda uz Rim jedino mjesto na svijetu. U naše su racionalističko doba, relikvije nekako zapuštenе и gotovo odložene. Tako ima svećenika u Istri koji imaju relikvije, ali ne znaju ni kojih svetaca. Zaboravili smo da su gradovi, naselja, običaji, kultura, čak pravo, ustavi suvremenih država nastali oko svetaca koji su Božje zapovijedi i život Isusa Krista ostvarili svojim životom. Oni su stupovi čovječanstva danas i sutra. Ako pomislimo samo koliko je njihovih crkava, slika, kipova, spomen-dana i blagdana danas utkano u našu civilizaciju, onda je jasno da su sveci „kozmos kozmosa“, kako kaže sv. Ivan Zlatousti. Smetnuli smo to s uma, pa se ljudi obraćaju horoskopu, brzopletnim praznim obećanjima lovaca na dobit, pornografiji i tolikim ispraznim stvarima. Sveci, čije mi relikvije ovdje čuvamo, živjeli su na čitavom području Rimskog carstva. Od 300 njih, 264.
živjeli su prije raskola s pravoslavljem, pa su dio zajedničke nam kršćanske jezgre. Od tih, 41 relikvija pripada ženama koje su počele prve emancipaciju žene, ali na ispravan način i velika su škola današnjoj emancipaciji koja se najčešće pretvara u perfidniji oblik ropstva. Sveci su bili obuzeti osobama presvetog Trojstva. Zdravi u sebi, živjeli su za druge. Jedini smisao čovjekova života i jedini način da se civilizacije i današnji ljudi u posvemašnjoj slobodi stave u pravilni odnos jest život božanskih Osoba.
L: Rad s mladima u župi okružen je Festivalom duhovne glazbe „Iskrice“ na kojem sudjeluju djeci zborovi iz cijele Istre. Uz suradnike iz HKZ-a „MI“ Vaš je angažman nemjerljiv. Ovakvi susreti obogaćuju i vjerujem da je ovo događanje vrijedno truda?
Potaknuti primjerom sveca iz Pule Egidija Bulešića, apostola djece i mladih, prije petnaest godina utemeljili smo Dječji festival duhovne glazbe na kojem smo kroz petnaest godina uspjeli okupiti 8.300 pjevača osnovnih škola i župskih dječjih zborova. Šteta što mnoge župe nisu to prepoznale kao vid odgoja djece. Da se ne zaboravi, izdali smo spomen knjigu „Iskrice“ u kojoj mogu mnogi sad već odrasli sebe vidjeti kako su izgledali kao djeca. Sigurno su uspomene na njihova druženja ostala nezaboravna i još mnogo ljepša no što ih može bilježiti naša knjiga. Zahvaljujem svim mojim suradnicima u tom projektu kao i Gradu Vodnjanu, Županiji, biskupiji koji su nas podržali, te svim dosadašnjim učesnicima.
Velika nam je želja pokrenuti još i duhovni dan za mlade u Istri. Iz svjetskog se iskustva vidi kako mladima paše masovno okupljanje za njihovu formaciju. Zašto bismo čekali Dan hrvatske katoličke ili Svjetske mladeži? Možemo imati Dan istarske mladeži. Predlažem da to postane blagdan svete Foške. Ona mladima ima mnogo toga sam probleme riješio u vašoj crkvi.“ Gospodin tako čudesno djeluje preko nas krhkih ljudi. Za nas svećenike je najvažnije, kako je često govorio papa Pavao VI, svećenicima: „Živite u osobi Isusa Krista, in persona Christi.“ Sve to ne ide bez žrtve i otpora, zato sam na spomen sličicu moje 50-godišnje svećeništva stavio maleni crveni križ. I neka Bog svakim nebeskim i zemaljskim blagoslovom blagoslovi sve koje je doveo na put moga svećeničkog života!
Imam poruku. Kad sam počeo službu, težište je ljudima bio Bog i vječni život, kako je to vidljivo u cijelokupnoj povijesti roda ljudskoga. Blagostanje nas je zavaralo i težište čovjek danas stavlja u sebe samoga, u iživljavanje i poroke. I tako dolazi čovjek do neshvatljivih, ropskih muka kao i suvremena civilizacija. I stoga želim čestitati vjernicima i svećenicima na ustajnost da povuku i predvode čovječanstvo u najavljenje „duhovno proleće“. Začudo u nas nema svećeničkih kandidata, za najčudesnije zvanje. Kad bih imao još koji život, rado bih ga potrošio za duhovni rast ljudi i njihovu vječnu sreću, jer sreća usrećuje!
Proslava blagdana Sv. Kuzme i Damjana
FAŽANA Proslava Sv. Kuzme i Damjana na fažanskoj rivi počela je 26. rujna postavljanjem izložbe dvjestotinjak fotografija koje prikazuju povijest fažanske župe u doba vladavine Italije u prošlom stoljeću do danas. U popodnevnim satima služena je sv. misa u crkvi koja nosi ime zaštitnika Kuzme i Damjana, koju je uz domaćeg župnika vlč. Joška Listeša predvodio vlč. Ivo Borić, župnik crkve Krista Spasitelja na Velom Vrhu.
Liječnici, braća blizanci, nikada nisu ni pokušavali sakriti svoju veliku ljubav prema Kristu. Bili su mučeni, ali ih ništa nije moglo odvratiti od vjere. Živjeli su za njega i mnoge ljude doveli do njegove ljubavi.
Miso slavlje uveličao je zbor župe Fažana te poseban gost Erik Balija, koji je izveo pjesmu „Fažana misto moje“, za koju je tekst i glazbu napisao Daniel Načinović. U čast dvojici svetaca-liječnika nakon sv. mise plesna skupina Društva Naša djeca otplesala je „Menuet“, francuski ples iz 17. st. s temom iz njihova života. Svoju su poeziju recitirali fažanski pjesnici te se večer nastavila zajedničkim druženjem uz glazbu skupine „LP“. Ispred crkve na Trgu sv. Kuzme i Damjana mještani i župljani svih generacija pozirali su za milenijsku fotografiju formirajući amforu koja predstavlja fažanski grb. Nakon toga priredeno je zajedničko druženje i kušanje delicija koje su za mnogobrojne posjetitelje, mještane i turiste pripremili domaći ugostitelji. (Martina PAVLETIĆ)
Misa nakon mnogo godina
FAŽANA Zahvaljujući trudu don Ive Borića, u Valbandonu je 26. kolovoza nakon mnogo godina održana svećana sveta misa, i to prigodom 20-e obljetnice BAK-a, specijalne policije iz Istre. Mnogi župljani ni ne znaju da je nekoć postojala mala crkva, vjerojatno izgrađena u vrijeme Austrije, koja je dolaskom nove vlasti nakon Drugog svjetskog rata zapuštena, a pristup je bio i zabranjen jer je ušla u prostor tadašnje Policijske škole. Don Ivo, kao policijski kapelan, dao je obnoviti krov i tako osposobiti crkvu da može primiti djelatnike MUP-a i župljane koji su se potrudili urediti prostor za ovu jedinstvenu prigodu.
Misu je predvodio vojni ordinarij, mons. Juraj Jezerinac. Nakon sv. mise svečanost je nastavljena otvaranjem spomenika poginulim djelatnicima BAK-a, koji je mons. Jezerinac blagoslovio. Na prigodnom domjenku za sve uzvanike pridružio se i biskup mons. Ivan Milovan.
Sa svećane svete mise
Želja je don Ive da se crkva u potpunosti uredi i da postane službena crkva Policijske kapelanije „Sv. Maura“ za sve djelatnike MUP-a u Istri. (Don Joško LISTEŠ)
Nedostaje vjera kakvu je imala Eufemija
ROVINJ Blagdan Sv. Eufemije svečano je proslavljen 16. rujna u Rovinju. Tradicionalno, na ovaj blagdan, osim brojnih vjernika iz svih dijelova Istre koji stižu kopnom, hodočasnici iz nešto sjevernijih priobalnih župa - Vrsar, Funtana i Fuškulin - doplovljavaju brodicama u pratnji svojih župnika. Jutarnje misno slavlje uz koncelebraciju mnogobrojnih svećenika, predvodio je vice rektor Bogoslovnog sjemeništa u Sarajevu vlč. Žarko Vladislav Ošap. U nadahnutoj propovijedi pozvao je na odgovornost, svaki stalež zasebno, sve i svuda k cilju vlastite svetosti, citiravši sv. Augustina koji je rekao "Ako su mogli toliki prije mene, mogu i ja."
"Zavapimo za vjerom kakvu je imala Eufemija, jer toga danas nedostaje, bđimo i ne nasjedajmo na vijesti iz media koje nisu Božje i dobre za čovjeka jer kad se izgubi vjera, sve što je vrijedno izgubi vrijednost i smisao, počinje biti normalno ono što je nenormalno. I u ono vrijeme sv. Eufemije bilo je slično kao danas, puno onih kojima Krist ne znači ništa ili im smeta. I mi se danas moramo držati Krista, k'o pojedinci, kao nacija i nositi ga svima koji žive s nama i oko nas," zaključio je vlč. Ošap.
Svečanu večernju misu pred velikim brojem hodočasnika predvodio je porečki i pulski biskup Ivan Milovan.
Od kada je tijelo svete Fume, nošeno valovima Mediterana, zoru 13. srpnja 800. godine dočekalo u podnožju Rovinja, rijeke hodočasnika stoljećima ne prestaju dolaziti svetici u pohode, donoseći svoje molitve, prošnje i zahvale. Zašto je Bog odučio da sv. Eufemija one olujne noći u praskozorje 9. stoljeća kameni sarkofag sa svojim tijelom čudesno zaustavi baš na jednom otočiću u Jadranskom moru, baš u sjeni istarskoga poluotoka, na obalama Rovinja, zapitao se mons. Ivan Milovan na početak homilije. Svetica je svoje utočište našla baš u malenom mjestu koje nije resilo svjetsko blještavilo – tek šaćica stanovnika, mahom ribarskih i težačkih obitelji, sa svojim kućicama i crkvicom. Ključ odgovora je u jednostavnosti, nastavio je biskup. „Jednostavan život je onaj koji se živi u skladu s Božjim zapovijedima; neopterećen ovosvjetskim utezima: slavom, moći, bogatstvom. Jednostavni ljudi zato nemaju toliko kompliciranih situacija, nerješivih problema, zamršenih čvorova; jednostavni ljudi jednostavno bolje vide. Možda se sarkofag s tijelom svetice zaustavlja na obalama nekih drugih gradova i mjesta, ali ga tamo nisu prepoznавали kao dar od Boga, jer vidici su im bili toliko pretrpani ovosvjetskim blještavilom da su oslijepili za prepoznavanje Božjega svjetla. Zato su valovi svetičino tijelo morali zaustaviti upravo kod malenih, jednostavnih ljudi, kod onih koji su upravo zbog toga jer su takvi mogli vidjeti istinu. Svetica je ne samo svojim životom nego i svojim dolaskom u našu sredinu pokazala kako slijediti Krista: ne uz pompu već u jednostavnosti vjere, kakvu samo iskrena djeca mogu čuvati, poput dječaka iz legende o njezinu dolasku.
Danas zato moramo biti zahvalni onim malenim i vjernim koji su prije više od 1200 godina bili toliko jednostavni, toliko Božji, da su vidjeli dolazak njegova svjetla koje je nosila sv. Eufemija, izvukli ga iz mora i čuvali ga. Mnoga su stoljeća prošla od vremena mučeništva sv. Eufemije no princip je ostao isti: odlučimo li slijediti Krista u svojem životu navući ćemo mržnju svijeta na sebe. I suprotno: odbacimo li Krista i vrednote koje proizlaze iz vjere zlo će nam početi povladivati, tapšati nas tobože dobrohotno, uvući nas u svoje strukture, zaslijepiti nas za otkrivanje dobra.
Projekt zla da se ubije Boga u čovjeku i svih vrednota kojima Stvoritelj obasipa čovjekov život započinje uvijek s podcjenjivanjem, omalovažavanjem čovjeka. Cilj je toga izopačenog plana da se čovjek, kao plod neprocjenjive Božje ljubavi, počne osjećati bezvrijednim i kao radnik i kao učenik, i kao supruga, suprug, i kao otac, majka, dijete, kao građanin, kao svećenik, kao vjernik. Nismo li se s tim iskustvom svi susreli nebrojeno puta? Nisu li različiti ljudi i različite strukture najprije podcijenili naše dostojanstvo kako bi ostvarili neke svoje vizije „bolje budućnosti“? Sve to je tijekom svojega mučeništva doživjela i sv. Eufemija. Podcijenili su je. Ona se nije dala uvući u taj začarani krug već je do kraja cijenila sebe kao dijete Božje. Bezbožnici bi rekli da joj se to nije isplatilo. No Bogu hvala na njezinom svjedočanstvu jer, mi je danas gledamo vijencem besmrtnosti ovjenčanu i njezinom se zagovoru utječemo!
Biskup Milovan je naglasio da okupljanje oko sarkofaga s tijelom svete Eufemije svjedoči o golemoj milosti koju je Bog pokazao prema malenima, obilato ih nagradujući i izlijevajući na njih svoje milosrde. „Uvijek su maleni izborili najveće pobjede zato što se nisu dali podvesti pod režime bezbožnoga svijeta. Zato ovdje rado pred Bogom priznajemo svoju malenost i tražimo snagu ojačane vjere u borbama koje nam predstaje. Svatko je ovdje došao sa svojim problemima, sa svojim životnim radostima i mukama, tražiti svetičin zagovor. Nismo ovdje došli po gotova rješenja za naše probleme, po detaljno izrađene projekte za uspjeh u životu. Jer znamo, jedno je dovoljno: ovdje smo došli tražiti svetičin zagovor da kroz život kročimo jednostavni i maleni, i uvijek vjerni Kristu, zaključio je propovijed biskup Milovan.
Nakon svečanog euharistijskog slavlja održan je ophod mnogobrojnih vjernika oko oltara Sv. Eufemije. (D. T. i T. M.)
Po Svetoj Zemlji Kristovim stopama
Ovo hodočašće jamačno će na svakome od nas ostaviti pečat i, ako Bog dade, živjet ćemo s vrijednim i dragim uspomenama.
Piše Anđelko VLAH
Na hodočašće u Svetu Zemlju uputila se grupa od 45 putnika-hodočasnika, uglavnom iz Istre s nekoliko hodočasnika iz Rijeke i Zagreba, naoko šarolika, ali bitno sjedinjena u vjeri. Dušom i srcem opredijeljena za hod po Kristovim putovima; da tako dođe k izvoru – ishodištu svoje vjere – Jedne, Svete, Katoličke… Talvka grupa otputovala je avionom iz Zagreba preko Istanbula za Aman 9. rujna 2011., na relativno daleki put u Jordan i Izrael.
Išli su pod vodstvom župnika velečasnog Željka Zeca, a duhovni voda bio je stručnjak za Bibliju i paralelne znanstvene discipline prof. dr. Adalbert Rebić. Osjećam se malen u snazi moga uma pred zahtjevom da opišem naše hodočašće po Svetoj Zemlji.
Velečasni Zec bio je motor i „spiritus movens“ našeg hodočašća. Od dana kad je objelodanio da valja poći na put u Svetu Zemlju, pa kroz cijeli put do samoga konca, za neke u Zagrebu, za nas Riječane na „Vratima Jadrana“, i na koncu i matičnoj župi u Labinu. On je podnio teret organizatora bespriječkorno i svi smo mogli osjetiti srce dobrog čovjeka, koji je zapravo marni radnik, službenik na njivi Gospodnjoj. Vjerujem da se svatko od nas hodočasnika s pravom moli i nada da je ovim svojim djelom, u svakom pogledu uspješnim hodočašćem, velečasni Zec stekao udio u Kraljevstvu nebeskom.
Nadalje, dr. Rebić je zapravo od svih nas prva osobnost našeg hodočašća. Svojom stručnošću bibličara učinio je da smo svi s oduševljenjem slušali njegova tumačenja, prateći ga u stopu po stopama Isusa Krista. Pomogao nam je svojim „ušnicama“ slušalicama da čujemo u onoj vrevi svijeta svaku njegovu riječ, koja je bila određena, stručna, vjerodostojna, puna bogatstva njegove vlastite erudicije – od hebrejskog jezika pa do suvremenih komunikativnih ostvarenja. Tako smo se mnogi mogli s dr. Rebiću samo diviti i slušati ga, usudujem se reći poput prvih apostola, te možemo mirne duše reći: “ Rabunuciitelju, lijepo je družiti se s tobom…” On je kao iz enciklopedije iznosio mnogo podataka, tako da je prava umjetnost sve „poloviti“. On zna finim jezikom razlučiti legende od istina, tako da su nam povijesne naslage ostale periferne, jer smo na ključnim mjestima biblijskih događanja od Starog zavjeta sve do Uskrsa Gospodina, slavili sv. mise, na kojima smo sudjelovali aktivno slušajući tumačenja čitanja iz evanđelja i poslanica. Vjerujem da je svatko od nas bio ganut, oduševljen i sretan jer smo s dr. Rebićem na čelu imali srca ispunjena. Možemo kazati onim žarom kojim su Ivan, Petar i Jakov na gori Taboru gledali Božje lice. Jamačno svatko od nas volio bi ostati „gore“, sve više i bliže, ušatoriti se, ali život kreće dalje te se valja vratiti svatko u „svoju Galileju“. Pokojni dr. Kresina rekao je u svojoj knjizi „Svitanje iza Golgote“ – „Golgota je svitanje…”
Svatko od nas hodočasnika mogao bi izreći svoje doživljaje s puta, ali bila bi to cijela knjiga što ne bi moglo stati u ovih nekoliko redaka. Od onog najstarijeg člana (84 godine) pa preko mladih do najmladih, svi smo se osjećali jedno u vjeri, nadi i ljubavi. Na koncu svega puta moramo se zahvaliti Svemogućemu Bogu – Ocu – Sinu i Duhu Svetomu što smo imali čast i čest putovati i biti na samom izvoru naše vjere, hoditi Kristovim stopama i biti na njegovim stazama.
Ovo hodočašće jamačno će na svakome od nas ostaviti pečat i, ako Bog dade, živjet ćemo s vrijednim i dragim uspomenama.
Braća hrvatskog zmaja sveučilištu darovala bistu biskupa Dobrile
PULA U ulaznom prostoru novog sveučilišnog kompleksa u Puli, na mjestu stare Opće bolnice, svečano je 26. rujna otkrivena spomen bistu biskupa dr. Jurja Dobrile, rad akademskog kipara Tomislava Kršnjavog iz Zagreba, koju je Sveučilištu darovala Družba braće hrvatskoga zmaja, Zmajski stol iz Pazina. Na svečanosti se okupio velik broj uzvanika. Zmajski stol iz Pazina predstavljao je veliki meštar, dr. Nevio Šetić – Zmaj Istarski, Županijski stol je predvodio pročelnik, dr. Mario Sošić – Zmaj Dvigradski, Sveučilište je zastupao rektor, prof. dr. Robert Matijašić, a Porečku i pulsku biskupiju kancelar, vlč. Ilija Jakovljević.
Dr. Sošić je predstavio lik i djelo biskupa Dobrile, utvrdivši njegovu povijesnu zaslugu na uspješnom obrazovnom, duhovnom i nacionalnom prosječivanju istarskih Hrvata, na osnovu čega se razvila njihova samosvijest i čežnja za sjedinjenjem s ostalom hrvatskom braćom i potreba za samostalnom hrvatskom državom.
Rektor pulskog Sveučilišta Jurja Dobrile dr. Robert Matijašić zahvalio se Družbi i Zmajskom stolu iz Pazina na tako vrijednom, simboličnom daru.
Biskupov kancelar mr. Ilija Jakovljević tom je prigodom najavio višestrukne događaje koji će iduće godine obilježiti 200-obljetnicu rođenja biskupa Jurja Dobrile. On je uz posvetnu molitvu blagoslovio spomenik.
Program svečanosti obogatili su Zrinska garda iz Čakovca i glazbeno-vokalni nastup pulskog tenora Zorana Tomaića. (L)
Istrani na posveti Crkve hrvatskih mučenika
UDBINA Na veličanstvenom slavlju posvete nove crkve hrvatskih mučenika u Udbini, 10. rujna, pribivalo je nekoliko desetina tisuća Hrvata iz domovine i iseljeništva. Na posvetnoj su misi sudjelovali gotovo svi hrvatski biskupi i nadbiskupi, među njima i biskup Ivan Milovan, a nazočilo je i nekoliko istarskih svećenika i veći broj vjernika.
Mnogi od istarskih hodočasnika imali su prigodu prisjetiti se, po sličnosti prezimenima i imenima naselja, svojih povijesnih tragova i naseljavanja Istre stanovništvom iz ovih prostora u vrijeme turskih osvajanja hrvatskih zemalja Krbave i Modruša. (L)
Trodnevna duhovna obnova
BUJE Koncem kolovoza u bujskoj župi održana je duhovna obnova na temu „Gospodin moj i Bog moj“, koju je vodio o. Zvjezdan Linić. Cilj joj je bio duhovni rast i priprema za Malu Gospu, zaštitnicu župe. Obnova je počela molitvom krunice, sakramentom pomirenja, misom i klanjanjem pred Presvetim. Istom prigodom o. Zvjezdan posjetio je bolesne i podijelio sakrament ozdravljenja i pomirenja.
Trodnevnica je završena u župnoj crkvi Sv. Servula svećanom svetom misom i potom druženjem sa župnikom vlč. Mladenom Milohanićem i o. Zvjezdanom. (L.)
Proslava sv. Franje u Podlabinu
LABIN U utorak, 4. listopada 2011., koncelebriranom svetom misom proslavljen je Sv. Franjo, suzaštitnik župe Majke Božje Fatimske u Podlabinu. Uz svećenike dekanata bili su domaći sinovi vlč. Ivan Prodan i vlč. Dali-bor Pilekić. Misu je predvodio novi župnik, vlč. Blaž Bošnjaković, a bila je tradicionalno namijenjena uspjehu srednjoškolaca u novoj pastoralnoj godini te ih je župnik pozvao da se poput sv. Franje ne boje izrugivanja i kamenovanja zbog vjere te da ga slijede u siromaštvu i poniznosti. (Bib)
Rapčani hodočastili u Labin
LABIN Zaštitnica župe Gornji Labin je Mala Gospa. To je dosad bilo zanemareno, pa je vlč. Željko Zec pokrenuo inicijativu da se svojom prisutnošću i animacijom vjernika naših župa uzuzmemo za dostojno vrednovanje župnog patrona. Na poseban način se odazivlju tom izazovu župnik i vjernici Rapca. Naime, vlč. Stipan Mišura i šestero njegovih župljana popeli su se iz Rapca tzv. trim stazom u Gornji Labin i došli na misu. (Bib)
Ana Peteh
U nedjelju, 26. lipnja, preminula je iznimna vjernica Ana Peteh rod. Šajina iz zaselka Petešljari pokraj Žminja. Rođena je 24. svibnja 1926. u Katunu Lindarskom u župi Lindar, u obitelji oca Mate i majke Josipe rod. Monas koji su imali jedanaestero djece. Već se od najranijega djetinjstva u obitelji hraniła molitvom i primjerom svojih roditelja. Otar koji je bio član Družbe sv. Mohora i izgradio zavjetnu kapelicu posvećenu Majci Božjoj nakon što se živ vratio iz Prvog. svjetskog rata.
Udala se za Josipa Peteha iz zaselka Petešljari pokraj Žminja s kojim je imala troje djece: sina Vinka te kćeri Neviju i Nadu. Budući da joj je suprug radio u rudnicima, ona je radila na održavanju imanja. Za nju nisu postojali »muški« i »ženski« poslovi jer je orala, kopala, brinula se za blago i održavala domaćinstvo. Posebno je bila povezana s crkvicom posvećenom Sv. Ivanu i Pavlu i Majci Božjoj od Zdravlja u Zabrežanima, čija je zvona rado osluškivala s petešljarskoga imanja.
Njezin je život bio trajno otvoren utjecanju zagovoru svetaca, posebno hrvatskih. Godine 1961. teško je oboljela i šest mjeseci ležala je u pulskoj bolnici. Ondje je prvi put čula za hrvatskoga blaženika Nikolu Tavelića, po čijem je zagovoru čudesno ozdravila. Uvijek je rado isticala da je prijeloman događaj u njezinu životu bio odrazak u Medugorje. Kraljica Mira joj je ostala trajan oslonac u najtežim trenutcima.
S njom u kući živo je njezin sin Vinko sa suprugom Magdom i osmoro djece. Djeca su u svibnju 1996. godine ostala bez majke koja je dugo godina bolevala. Sva su djeca u trenutku majčine smrti bila maloljetna, najmanje je dijete imalo nepune četiri godine. U 70. godini života nona Ana zajedno sa sinom Vinkom preuzela je brigu za odgoj i podizanje djece. Osim Kraljici Mira, sv. Nikoli Taveliću, utjecala se sv. Leopoldu Mandiću, bl. Alojziju Stepcinu, a posebno je štovala slugu Božjeg Miroslava Bulešića. Nonu Anu posebno je pogodila smrt unuka Ivana koji je 2005. poginuo u prometnoj nesreći.
Prošle godine sva su djeca njezina sina postala punoljetna, a čitava obitelj posebno se radovala svećeničkom redenju unuka Josipa. Nažalost, uoči redenja doživjela je moždani udar zbog kojega je završila u pulskoj bolnici. Silno je željela vratiti se kući, što su liječnici i dopustili. U Petešljarama su joj svi unuci, posebno oni najmladi, brinući se za svoju teško bolesnu nonu, pokušali uzvratiti za svu ljubav koju im je tijekom godina davala. No nije dočekala mladu misu svojega unuka. Tjedan dana uoči velikoga slavlja za čitav Žminj, Gospodin ju je na blagdan Ivana i Pavla, kojima je čitavoga života hodočastila, pozvao k sebi. Umrla je okrijepljena sakramentima, a sprovodne obrede na žminjskom groblju, uz više svećenika, 31. lipnja predvodio je župnik Jordan Rovis. Oko njezina odra stajalo je njezino životno djelo: troje djece i dvanaesteru unučadi, među kojima su bile i tri teologinje i jedan svećenik. (L.)
Tereza Kolić
U pulskoj je bolnici u 84. godini, 7. srpnja, okrijepljena sakramentima, umrla uzorna vjernica Tereza Kolić rođ. Milovan. Životni je put počela 28. veljače 1928. u Režancima u župi Svetvinčenat. Potomka je uzorne istarske obitelji Milovan, poznate ne samo po naprednoj obiteljskoj zadruzi u prvoj polovici 20. stoljeća, već i po neprijepornom svjedočenju katoličkoga i hrvatskoga identiteta, i po cijenu smrti. Iz te obitelji potekla su petorica svećenika, a jedan od njih posvećen je za biskupa.
Rodila se kao najmlada kći u obitelji Antonia i Marije Milovan koji su imali desetero djece. Obitelj je živjela uz molitvu, rad i povezanost s Crkvom. Uoči i tijekom Drugoga svjetskog rata, ali i porača, Milovani su prošli težak krizišni put, čijim je postajama svjedočila i Tereza kao djevojčica i djevojka. Zahvaljujući s jedne strane učiteljici koja je njezinu generaciju mimo talijanskoga školskog programa podučavala hrvatskom jeziku i kulturi, a s druge strane obitelji u kojoj se oduvijek čitalo i mislilo hrvatski, te je vrednote Tereza prenosila i u daljnjem životu.
Jedan je događaj presudno utjecao na njihov život. Njezina brata Antuna, oca porečkog i pulskog biskupa Ivana Milovana, partizani su 22. ožujka 1945., zbog nepristajanja uz komunističku ideologiju, zbog vjere i domoljublja, oteli i pogubili. Njegovu se grobu još ne zna mjesto. Njezinu bratu i čitavoj obitelji veliki prijatelj i rođak bio je sluga Božji Miroslav Bulešić, kojega je pokojna Tereza poznavala, i čija je mučenička smrt u Lanišću 1947. dodatno utjecala na njezin život.
Udala se 1951. za Matu Kolića iz mjesta Šajini u župi Barban, a u skladnom su braku, ispunjenom ljubavlju, radom i međusobnim poštivanjem, podigli petero djece: sinove Dragutina i Darka te kćeri Mariju, Nevenku i Ankuću. Posebno se utjecala zagovoru sv. Terezije od Djeteta Isusa i Kraljice mira. Život ju je dobro naučio da je obitelj vrednota u koju se nikad ne smije prestati ulagati vrijeme, trud, molitvu. Stoga je uvijek ostala blisko povezana s članovima obitelji Milovan iz koje je potekla, a za svoju obitelj Kolić bila je glavna poveznica, sigurna luka te zajedno sa suprugom do kraja života okupljala je djecu, petnaestero unučadi i prawnuke, prenoseći im najvažnije vrednote, nesebično se do samoga kraja brinuci za njihovo dobro u školi, na fakultetu, u braku, na poslu...
Svi su barbanski župnici u njihovoj kući imali svoj kutak za duhovnu i tjelesnu okrepu. No, njezina briga nadilazila je granice barbanske župe i šajinske kapeljanije jer molitvom je pratila sve biskupijske svećenike na kojim god službama bili.
Bolest je strpljivo podnosila, do zadnjega je dana radila, ne tražeći mnogo, a zahvalna je bila za sve geste ljubavi svoje obitelji, a posebno svojega voljenog supruga Mate. Pokopana je 8. srpnja na groblju u mjestu Škitača pored Šajina. Sprovodne je obrede, potom i misu zadušnicu, u šajinskoj crkvi Sv. Petra vodio njezin nećak, porečki i pulski biskup mons. Milovan, u zajedništvu s pokojničnim bratom Marijanom te nećacima Vjekoslavom i Milanom, župnikom i još četvoricom svećenika. (Matilda Kolić Stanić)
Proslava sv. Kuzme i Damjana
KAŠTELIR U pondjeljak 26. rujna kaštelirska župa Sv. Kuzme i Damjana svećano je proslavila svoje patronе. Euharistijsko slavlje predvodio je mons. Marijan Bartolić, uz župnika ovdasnje župe i generalni vikar Porečke i pulskе biskupije mons. Marijan Kancijanić, te osam svećenika. Na početku sv. Mise uručeno je mons. Marijanu Bartoliću cvijeće i priznanje kao zahvala za nesobičan rad na njivi Gospodnjoj kroz 60 godina svećeništva, od kojih je 9 godina boravio i službovao upravo u Kašteliru. U nadahnutoj propovjedi svećar se zahvalio župljanim i Gospodinu koji ga je kroz dugi niz vodio i nadahnjivao u zvanju crkvenog pastira. Osvrnuvši se na sveće župne zaštitnike sv. Kuzmu i Damjana, naglasio je da su oni, po zvanju liječnici, nesebično i gorljivo pomagali i liječili svoje bližnje, i tjelesno i duhovno, i riječima i konkretnim dijelima. U nastavku propovjedio mons. Bartolić je istaknuo presudnu i nezaobilaznu ulogu obitelji u očuvanju istinskih ljudskih i kršćanskih vrednota, a posebice ulogu roditelja koji prenoseći te vrijednosti ostavljaju najupečatljiviji trag u odgoju svoje djece. U sklopu proslave nakon misnog slavlja župnih zaštitnika sv. Kuzme i Damjana organizirana je dojmljiva i dostojanstvena procesija kroz Kaštelir koja se tradicionalno održava dugi niz godina. Nakon procesije svećar je dao na ljubljenje relikvije i dijeljene su slavljenjokove spomen-sličice. (L.)
Dva zlatomisnika – jedno misno slavlje
Zlatomisnički jubilej proslavili su u župi Sv. Jurja mučenika u Starom Pazinu vlč. Antun Kurelović i vlč. Frane Kurelović, oba zaređena za svećenika u ovoj crkvi 1961. godine.
STARI PAZIN Župa Sv. Jurja mučenika u Starom Pazinu marno je pripremila zlatomisničko slavlje vlč. Antunu i Franu Kureloviću. Oba su bili u istoj crkvi redeni za svećenike preko ruku nadbiskupa, Josipa Pavlišića, u nazočnosti beogradskog nadbiskupa Josipa Ujčića, i župnika Slavka Kalca 9. srpnja 1961. Zlatomisnički su jubilej slavili zajedno 11. rujna.
Povorka s ministrantima i desetak sumisnika krenula je iz župnog stana u ispunjenu crkvu. Biskup u miru, mons. Antun Bogetic, čekao je kod oltara. Pozdravna riječ župnika Ferlina i pozdravna pjesma zbora prethodili su početku mise. Zanosna liturgijska pjesma, kako je primijetio dr. Milan Šimunović, nastajala je u sjeni mons. Ivana Bartolića, majstora pjesme. Dugogodišnji zborovoda i orguljaš Bruno Gortan rastao je sa zborom i zbor s njime. Pripjevni psalm: “Gospodin je moja snaga i moja pjesma” predvodom skupinom zbora “Harfa Sv. Nicefora” iz Pićna proširio je osjećaj zajedništva.
Prof. dr. Milan Šimunović je već u početku homilije ujedinio osjećaje prožete pjesmom, liturgijom i okupljenom zajednicom, a potvrdio je to spontani pljesak. Svatko je u njegovoj riječi mogao pronaći nešto za sebe. Odgovorno je i teško biti danas svećenik, možda i teže nego u nekim drugim vremenima. Citira je i riječi spomen-sličica: “Oprostite za neispunjena očekivanja.” - svećenik je slab i krhak, kao i svi ostali; potom „Neka ruka ostane na plugu, dok se tvoja njiva, Gospodine, ne izore“, „Bože, povećavaj u nama oganj svoje ljubavi.“
Na sv. misi propovijeda dr. Milan Šimunović Potrebni su uvijek novi orači na Božjoj njivi kolikogod ona izgledala tvrda i neplodna. - Mladi „orači“ uskočite – Bog uvijek poziva, ali i prati. Uzak i trnovit put nije zapreka.
Više spontanih aplauza dalo je navještaju Božje riječi jaki naglasak slavlja. O da i što više mladih, uz mnoge zamamne ponude, čuje i taj glas!
Pred oltar su doneseni znakovi euharistije: veliki domaći kruh i vino. Cijelo je slavlje bilo je prožeto duhovnim ponosom, radošću i zajedništvom. Osjetilo se to posebno na kraju mise kroz pozdravne govore, čestitke i darivanja u ime župe Stari Pazin, Pićan te molitvene grupe iz Krnice. Zlatne medaljone Porečke i pulsku biskupije u ime biskupa Ivana Milovana predao je mons. Ivan Bartolić. Zahvalna riječ svećara dotakla je sadršnje i vrijeme minulih 50 godina, desetu godišnjicu crnog 11. rujna u Americi i župnički hod kroz župe Grdoselo, Kršikla, Zareče, Valtura, Muntić (Frane) te Buzet, Črnica, Sovinjak, Barban, Žminj i Pićan (Antun). Ministranti su od zlatomisnika dobili male plakete “Ministrant zlatne mise”, simbolično za njih i sve ostale njihove vršnjake s likom blaženoga Ivana Pavla Drugoga, toga velikog pokretača mlađih i starijih, koji je snažno govorio i kad nije mogao izgovarati riječi. Ofer je potrajao jako dugo. Bio je jako drugačiji od uboćajenog. Svaki je rekao riječ, rukovao se, poljubio križ i zlatomisnike. Srce je progovorilo, neće se zaboraviti. I kod stola je bilo puna izrečenih želja, čestitki, razmišljanja, darova svake vrsti, poput stare riječi Gradišćanskih Hrvata iz Hrvatskog Židana u Madarskoj, recitacija djece… Kuća “Kod Francuza” u Rogovićima bila je domaćin stola. Stol je bio smišljeno i znakovito aranžiran i u ponudi sadržajan. Velika hvala domaćinima i svima, koji su uvjereni da svećenik Božjim darom mnogima otvara vrata u svijet i život, usmjeruje na pravi životni put, iako se nameću mnoge i vrlo zavodljive stranputice. Ovim se slavljem pedeset godina pretvorilo u jedno veliko „sada“, posebno nazočnošću predstavnika pojedinih župa u kojima su djelovali svećari. Čini nam se da je to put, iako izgleda tvrd i neplodan, koji ne treba mijenjati, nego slijediti. Gospodine, hvala ti za taj dan. Hvala svim Božjim suradnicima u njemu, učesnicima, dobrovrorima. Vrijeme prolazi, a tvoj dar i milost ostaju trajno. (L)
Veliko slavlje u Žminju
ŽMINJ Župa Žminj proslavila je 29. rujna svoje suzaštitnike: sv. Mihovila arhandela, sv. Gabrijela i Rafaela. Na početku biskup mons. Ivan Milovan blagoslovio je obnovljeni oltar sv. Barbare djevice i mučenice (+288.). Naime 2. listopada 1943. u bombardiranju Žminja, u stradaloj crkvi, bio je uništen kameni retabl oltara. Oltar je kao svoj zavjetni dar dala podići Ruža Jelenić, majka ovogodišnjeg žminjskog zlatomisnika Marijana Jelenića, sada župnik Vodnjana. Uz tridesetak misnika, od kojih deset rodom iz Žminja, u nazočnosti biskupa, misu je predvodio zlatomisnik sa još tri istarska zlatomisnika: Antuna Kurelovića, župnika Pićna, Frane Kurelovića u svećeničkom Domu i Marina Mikolića, župnika Motovunskih Novaka. Misu je pratio poznati župski mješoviti zbor pod ravnjanjem Nele Božac i njene kćerke Aleksandre Orbanić. Program je vodio Lino Zohil iz Žminja, župnik u Vrsaru.
Nakon mise o zlatomisniku je u ime istarskih svećenika govorio Željko Zec, župnik Poreča, a u ime župe Ivan Karlović. Zlatomisnicima je u ime župe župnik Jordan Rovis podijelio prirodne darove, a Ruži Jelenić kip sv. Barbare. Načelnik općine Aldo Banič je predao općinsku nagradu gđi Neli Božac, zlatomisniku i bivšem župniku Kureloviću. Općinsku odluku obražozila je gđa Nada Galant.
Neli Božac je dodijeljena zbog 50 godina sviranja u Župi, te pedagoških uspjeha što je odgojila više crkvenih orguljaša i za uspjehe koje postiže njen zbor u župi i šire. Zlatomisniku jer je prije deset godina objavio knjigu „Žminj 2001“, još ranije na drevnom žminjskom čakavskom i ujedno najstarijem dijalektu istarskih Hrvata novelu „Bujoa“, i knjigu „Svetac iz Žminja“ o franjevcu o. Korneliju Hrelja koji je umro na glasu svetosti.
Župnik Rovis sa zlatomisnikom Marijanom Jelenićem te Marijom Dorčićem sa suradnicima i ime Žminja pronio nadaleko. I Antunu Kureloviću što je dvadeset godina veoma pozrtvovno i uspješno vodio žminjsku župu.
Misi je tradicionalno nazočila osmeročlana delegacija Policijске postaje Rovinj na čelu s načelnikom Gianfrancem Trombini, te policajski kapelan Županije istarske don Ivo Boric, župnik Velog Vrha u Puli.
Zlatomisnik Jelenić zahvalio se učesnicima slavlja i Općini, te je otkrio tajnu kako je predložio i zajedno s ing. rudarstva Mihom Rovisom 23. siječnja 1971. organizirao susret žminjskih inteletualaca na kojem je 94-ero okupljenih raspravilo i donijelo povijesne odluke za Žminj; urbanizaciju okolice Žminja, izgradnju industrijske zone s tvornicom tekstila, proširenje uskih seoskih puteva za potrebe automobilskog prometa, otkup mlijeka, izgradnju nove električne mreže, vodovoda i telefona do svakog od stotinjak žminjskih zaselaka.
Tako se Žminj razvio kao rijetko koje naselje u unutrašnjoj Istri i nije ga zadesilo raseljavanje kao mnoga druga mjesta, „To se nije smjelo znati da sam ja potaknuo, otkrivam to danas prvi put kao tajnu, jer se već slijedeće godine za „hrvatskog proljeća“ hvatalo i zatvaralo sve koji su pokušali nešto izvan tadašnjih struktura. Miha Rovisa nisu dirali jer je kao direktor najuspješnijeg pulskog poduzeća „Industrockema“ bio sponozor za sve pulske potrebe. A tadašnji načelnik Mjesne zajednice, svojevrsni karizmatik Petar Radovan, na ispitivanju je rekao da je to bilo druženje uz domaća jela. Kad dodem u Žminj i vidim sve to, osjećam to kao moje dijete“, rekao je zlatomisnik.
Na kraju je Jelenić pozvao i klesara Maria Dorčića koji je u šest mjeseci s svojim suradnicima uspio napraviti novi dio oltara, adekvatan drugim oltarima, pa je tako u ovoj crkvi zaliječena rana staro gotovo 60 godina zašto je pozdravljen burnim pijeskom. Za ovu prigodu Župa je izdala razlednice s dvanaest motiva. Za ručkom je još mnogo toga rečeno kao i na svečanoj općinskoj sjednici na kojoj su nazočili župnik Rovis i Kurelović koji se i zahvalio za dodijeljena priznanja. (L.)
Biskup Dobrila poželio vječni počinak
Još se nije ostvarila posljednja želja biskupa preporoditelja dr. Jurja Dobrile da bude pokopan u Bermu na groblju crkve Majke Božje na Škriljinah. Tu su mu naime živjeli brojni rođaci * Župnik Ivan Macinić rado se poziva na sv. Pavla kada govori o vjerskoj zajednici koja najbolje funkcionira u međusobnom prožimanju, uzajamnosti i interakciji: „Hvala Bogu da Crkvu vodi Duh Sveti! Hvala Bogu da smo sačuvali vjeru.“
Piše Tomislav MILOHANIĆ
Beram je jedno od naselja s najdužim kontinuitetom naseljenosti u Istri; od željeznog doba preko rimskih utvrđenja i srednjovjekovnih kaštela do današnjeg izgleda. Župa i naselje spominju se 1178. godine u buli pape Aleksandra III., kada dolazi pod vlast porečkog biskupa. Kroz povijest ime mjesta se mijenjalo: Vermum, Verm, Berm, Beram. U srednjem vijeku Bermom upravljaju gorički grofovi, a potom je u sastavu Pazinske grofovije. Od 1578. godine Beram ima status gradića, a broji ukupno 148 ognjišta. U 17. st. bio je trgovište i jedan od najvažnijih centara srednjovjekovne glagoljaške pismenosti. K beramskim su popovima glagoljašima dolazili na naukovanje đaci (žakni) iz velikog dijela Istre. Svjedočanstva o tome ostavili su upisana glagoljicom na marginama beramskih liturgijskih knjiga ili urezana na freskama ukrasenom zidu crkvice Sv. Marije na Škriljinah (127 glagoljičkih grafita). Iz Berma potječe nekoliko iluminiranih glagoljiških rukopisa iz 13. i 14. st., među kojima je fragment homilijara (zbirka propovijedi) i bogato oslikani misal i brevijar iz 14. stoljeća.
Crkva sv. Marije na Škriljinah čuva u svojoj unutrašnjosti jedno od najvrednijih ostvarenja istarskog srednjovjekovnog slikarstva. Dobro sačuvane kasnogotičke freske prekrivaju gotovo u potpunosti unutrašnje zidove crkve, a djelo su majstora Vincenta iz Kastva (1474.). Slike su radene po narudžbi beramske bratovštine Sv. Marije, tako da je glavni prostor na slikama posvećena scenama iz Marijina i Isusova života. Najsnazniji dojam pobuduje freska Ples mrtvaca. U 18. st., u razdoblju baroka, crkvića je proširena i renovirana, pri čemu je oštećen ili uništen dio fresaka. Sve su freske tada prefarbane i sakrivene, a ponovno su otkrivenе i restaurirane 1913. godine. Od 1890. do 1930. župom Beram upravlja Josip Grašić, koji je za vrijeme svog upravljanja župom izgradio današnju župnu crkvu i zvonik, obnovio svetište na Škriljinah, osnovao posuijnicu, organizirao obrazovne tečajeve i sudjelovao u osnivanju Pazinske gimnazije - Hrvatske gimnazije u Pazinu. Okupljaо je vodeće intelektualce Istre i Slovenije u župnoj crkvi u Bermu, a istaknuo se nakladničkim i prosvjetnim radom. Crkva na Škriljinah je od 1962. godine zaštićeni spomenik kulture.
u sjeni Gospe na Škriljinah
Malo je poznato da župna crkva Sv. Martina u Bermu, izgrađena u neoromaničkom stilu početkom 20. stoljeća, ima iza današnjeg glavnog oltara potpuno sačuvano gotičko svetište starije crkve iz 1431., s freskama koje su starije od onih na Škriljinah. U tom se svetištu čuva i krstionica s glagoljskim natpisom, dok je u zid ugrađen kameni kasnogotički reljef s likom sv. Martina, izrađen u pučkoj maniri. Oltarnu sliku na platnu u župnoj crkvi naslikao je hrvatski slikar Celestin Medović.
Patron župe je sv. Martin, biskup Toursa, poučavatelj klera, pomagatelj siromaha i monah iz 4. stoljeća. Naselja župe su Belci, Beram, Cvitani, Čipri, Ladavci, Mala Traba, Šuškali, Vela Traba.
Crkvena statistika za 2009. godinu izgleda ovako: krštenih 1, vjenčanih 1, umrlih 3, krizmanika u župi 11, vjeroučenika 25; za 2010. godinu: stanovnika u župi 354 (katolika 350), krštenih 2, vjenčanih 3, umrlih 5, proprijetničnika 5, vjeroučenika 21. Župa broji 106 obitelji, a sam Beram 25 (96 stanovnika). Pred 100 godina bile su u Bermu 42 obitelji.
Župlani i župnik ponosni su danas na zvonik i župnu crkvu, koji su o stotoj obljetnici izgradnje crkve, obnovljeni i osvanuli kao novi. A sve to ponajprije zaslugom Biskupije u Poreču i drugih vrijednih župljana. „Mi smo mala župa i zbog toga upućeni jedni na druge. Uvijek je tu bila prisutna sloga. Zato smo mogli neke projekte ostvariti, kao što je obnova župne crkve. Bez tog zajedništva, požrtvovnosti, upornosti, razumijevanja, pogotovo ljudi iz Župnog vijeća, teško bi bilo to ostvariti. Kad je jedan posustao, onda je drugi potegao. Pomogli su i ljudi izvan župe, njih arhitekata. Lani o stotoj obljetnici crkve vlč. Josipu Grašiću postavljena je u crkvi spomen-ploča. U radovima na župnoj crkvi koji su trajali godinu dana, pod budnim okom konzervatora, nastojalo se sačuvati u izvornim obliku sve što se moglo. Obimni radovi, čiji je glavni izvođač bio pazinski „Vladimir Gortan“ s kooperantima, među kojima je najveći dio posla obavila tvrtka „Antić NOVA“ iz Labina, stajali su gotovo četoristo tisuća kuna. Obnovljena je fasada, izmijenjen je krov na sjevernoj strani sakristije, napravljena „busola“ u ulazu, postavljen kameni nogostup i popravljen kameni zid oko crkve, promijenjene su stare kamene stepenice na ulazu te je očišćen i opran zvonik.
Slavlje završetka radova upriličeno je 11. rujna. Tom je prigodom svečanu misu u beramskoj župnoj crkvi Sv. Martina predvodio porečki i pulski biskup Ivan Milovan, uz sudjelovanje brojnih mještana i predstavnika svih onih koji su pomogli obnovi crkve.
Župna crkva Sv. Martina sagradaena je 1910. a zvonik 1903. godine po projektu bečkih
Detaljno o ovom projektu upoznao nas je Davor Pilat, također član Župnog vijeća. Zvonko Baćac nam je pak rekao: „Moj nono mi je pustio oporuku: ‘Ja sam tu crkvu gradio. Ti si je dužan čuvati. Ljeti 1976. smo prikrivali krov. Skupljali su se dobrovoljni prilози. Bio sam prvi na listi. Zvali su me u Komitet na odgovornost kako sam moga pomoći crkvi pa sam im objasnio da crkva nije ni od popa, ni od države, nego da je naša. To je moj nono gradi. Naša je to dužnost, svega naroda, da održava tu crkvu.“
Od Biserke Pilar saznajemo da je prije četiri godine osnovan župni Caritas, koji pomaže potrebitima i uključuje se u humanitarne akcije. Posebno ističe akciju skupljanja pomoći za Knin. Župa Beram, zajedno sa župom Tinjan, već godinama organizira hodočašća iz kojih nose prekrasna iskustva. Prošle godine bili su na hodočašću u Istočnoj Slavoniji (Đakovo, Aljmaš, Vukovar, Ilok...), preklani u Kninu, na Krki, na Visovcu. Prije četiri godine hodočastili su u Krasno.
Tako pjeva, dva puta moli", kroz smiješak kaže Marijan Gortan, orguljaš i voditelj crkvenog zbora, član Župnog vijeća i dobitnik biskupijskog priznanja, koji već niz godina svira u crkvi, prije na harmoniju, a od 1999., kada su sagrađene, na novim, lijepim orguljama. Od tada djeluje crkveni zbor koji je okupljao i do četrdesetak članova. „Zbor se malo osipa, entuzijazam posustaje. Ima nas sada do dvadesetak članova. Pjevamo svake nedjelje, ima starih, ima mladih, mješovito, od 15 do preko 80 godina. Ima i muških, trebalo bi ih biti i više, da bude višeglasni zbor. Vježbamo više kad su neki blagdani, idemo na susrete zborova, vjenčanja“, ističe Gortan.
Polaznica tečaja za animatore, članica crkvenog zbora, čitać te tajnica nacionalnog vijeća FRAME Nina Lukež ističe dobru suradnju mladih koji i kad odu na školovanje ostaju međusobno povezani i uključuju se u vjerska događanja u župi. Okupljaju se također kod nacionalnog susreta mladih i kad se organiziraju hodočašća. U župi je aktivna poveća grupa ministranata, a u liturgijska slavlja se po uhodanom ritmu i ažurnom rasporedu uključuju čitaći.
Nezaobilazna je u župi marljiva i nesebična Sonja Šestan koja, pored uloge zvonarice, ključarice i domaćice, čisti i uređuje crkve, a kroz cijelu godinu dežura i na usluzi je hodočasnicima i turistima koji posjećuju Beram i njegove znamenitosti.
Iako je zaštitnik župe Beram sv. Martin, pored blagdana Martinje, Beramci posebno svečano slave blagdan Majevica i Veliku Gospu. Za razliku od Martinje, koja drugdje uglavnom poprima svjetovni, profani karakter, uz šale, poskočice i različite
Slika sv. Martina u župnoj crkvi (Celestin Medović)
svake fože iz snake lože svih kolori gušti i dolori tr tanca u roči smih borgonje i škerac terana bevanda i bilica malvažija i brivatica s pinon namurana a sveti Martin stira orke i štrige s palion krstće to vino na rige (Beramski kum)
Blagosloviti vino pak se skupiti pred crkvom na placi. Ne radi se o grupi ljudi – cijela je župa uključena. Naše vrijedne домаćице, đevojke, supruge i majke ispeku i donesu kolače“, ističe Davor i zaključuje: „Piješ to vino i ne opiješ se jer je to blagoslovljeno vino!“
Šušor lišća kudiju zmrsi uskulene su vinje razgoliznjeni trsi rivalo martinije zleglo se vino ud mladega mošta kantenta kumpanija selo ubabiža brenta u roči prez pristanka rošta za lipu uzancu utpire se biža vino se miša i toči
Na prvu nedjelju svibnja slavi se blagdan Majevica, kada se u procesiji nosi ukrašeni kip Majke Božje iz župne crkve Sv. Martina do crkvice Majke Božje na Škriljinah, a župljanima se pridružuju mnogobrojni hodočasnici koji dolaze iz okolnih župa. Beram je poznata turistička destinacija i hodočasnička meta koju tijekom godine posjećuju brojni turisti i hodočasnici. Župljanii se diče bogatom kulturnom sakralnom baštinom.
U laz u gradić Beram krasi prirodno oblikovana pećina, koja mjestu daje ugodaj i čar gradića na gori; kroz godinu uprizorujući Lurdsku spilju, a u došašću i za Božić preoblikuje se u
Betlehemska spilju. Od 2005. godine pećinu rese kipovi, a interijer je osvijetljen i povezan na javnu rasvjetu kao i obližnja kalvarija.
Već davno, a to se održalo do danas, kroz listopad se svaki dan moli krunica. Voditeljica je bila časna sestra Dušica Golob sve dok je mogla dolaziti u Beram. Intenzitet molitvenog i vjerskog života posebno je istaknut u došačku i korizmi. Izuzetno je dojmljiva procesija na Badnjak, sa svijećama, od pećine do župne crkve, a svaki utorak u korizmi i na Veliki petak održava se Krizi put.
Marino Golob, koji se zauzeo oko objavlivanja pretiska spomen-knjige o biskupu Jurju Dobrili, uoči 200-te obljetnice njegova rođenja, ističe koliko je duboka i neraskidiva bila povezanost preporoditelja Istre s Bermom, potvrđena i u njegovoj posljednjoj želji. „Nekoliko godina prije svoje smrti izrazio je želju počivati na groblju kod Majke Božje pod Bermom blizu Pazina. Zašto je biskup Dobrila bio toliko vezan za Beram da je poželio da bude tu pokopan, bez obzira na to što je stolovao kao biskup u Poreču i u Trstu? Razlog je u tome što je ovdje imao rođake. Od 16 bližih rođaka koje biskup navodi u svojoj oporuci, kojima je ostavio novčane naknade, osam ih je bilo iz Berma. Biskup je bio čovjek iz naroda, ponišao iz jedne potlesuše u Ježenju i u toj se Europi, ondašnjoj Habsburškoj monarhiji, uspio uzdignuti se do časti biskupske stolice. On nam je i danas vodila kao što je bio u prošlosti, kako u pogledu vjere, tako i pregalaštva za svoj narod, pregalaštva za našu zajednicu“, zaključio je Marino.
Župnik Ivan Macinić pak ističe da sve radi u dogovoru sa župljanima. Oni znaju što radi njihov župnik, župnik zna što čine njegovi suradnici.
On živi s tom sredinom. U svom pastoralnom radu u župi napravio je jako puno. “Mi vijek kroz tako dugo razdoblje, župnik sa svojim župljanima doživi svojevrsnu simbiozu. Kada župnik govori o svojim župljanima, vjernicima, osjeti se blagost i razumijevanje. Sa sjetom u glasu sjeća se vremena kada je u župi bilo znatno više djece, posjećenost crkvi veća, primanje sakramenata učestalije. Budućnost je ipak na strani života, konstatira župnik. I, unatoč stagnaciji i ponеком negativnom pokazatelju, za sebe kaže da je nepopravljivi optimist. A puno toga neizrečenoga prosijava iz stihova Mirnine pjesme o beramskoj trešnji…
Na sred sela, visoko do neba / Ponosno stoji jena čerešnja. / Naša je, a mi smo njejni / I una tuo dobro znal! / Čuda je ona tega s nas pasala: / prve bevide dićić je poslušala; / prven koraken se radovala. / Kao svoju, dicu je na granab čivala; / Mularju je va svojen krilu skrivala; / stareb štuvrijc se napastušala. / Kad smo šli delat vajk nas je pozdravljalala, / kad smo se tornali s nas je pensala. / Na pogrebu se s nami žalostila, / Sraken se piru ili sakramientu veselila. / Nedeja ni je bila najveć draga: / Vesele i lipe obučene / Slatko nas je pozdravljalala. / Imeli smo je rada. / I ona je tuo dobro znala, / I svako nas je leto slatkemi čerešnjimi darovala. / A jeno saboto, pile su zabrnčele, / presuda je palal! / Stisla se srca i kakova suza je pala. / Ali naša čerešnja je ‘velika’ ostala: / - nekega će steplet ili će nekemu kandiriga bit. / Ona je oprostila, … homo za njonu!
Mir je moguć i nakon Jedanaestog rujna
U ovom vremenu neprestanih sukoba potrebni su ljudi mira, koji za njega odgajaju i u vlastitim životima žive prema njegovim vrijednostima. Ovakav, alternativni, dijaloški odgovor na nasilje je jedini put, jer su sva nastojanja vojnih operacija da uspostave mir u startu osuđene na neuspjeh.
Piše Ana CVITAN
Brojka od 137 tisuća ubijenih i 8 milijuna izbjeglih iz Afganistana, Pakistana i Iraka u posljednjih deset godina opravdava se činjenicom da je 11. rujna 2001. u New Yorku, prilikom napada na WTC (tornjeve bliznace) poginulo 2.997 osoba. Sjedinjene Američke Države su si tada dale za pravo da nakon tzv. terorističkih napada uspostave „mir“ u svijetu te su pokrenule (kako paradoksalno) ratove u Afganistanu 2001. (kako bi uhvatile vodu Al-Qaede Osamu Bin Ladena i svrgnule talibanski režim koji ga podržava), u Iraku 2003. (jer je navodno diktator Saddam Husein posjedovao oružje za masovno uništenje i imao veze s Al-Qaedaom) i Pakistanu 2004. (jer se tamo, navodno skrivalo Bin Laden). U svibnju su Amerikanci konačno pronašli onoga koji je deset godina u njihovom društvu predstavljan kao „prototip savršenog neprijatelja“, „simbol apsolutnog zla“. Euforično je proslavljeno njegovo ubojstvo na američkim ulicama, a predsjednik Barack Obama pritom je izjavio kako je „pravda napokon postignuta“. Novi voda Al-Qaede, Zawahiri, smatra, međutim, da je Bin Laden mučenik i borac te kako će „SAD biti pobijeden zbog svoje arogancije, s odobrenjem Alaha“. O miru, dakle, ni riječ, ni s jedne ni s druge strane.
Razlozi kojima svjetski moćnici opravdavaju rate, a koji su tako perfidno i lukavovo servirani, često su bez imalo promišljanja prihvaćeni od masa, čak i onda kad se prokaže njihova laž (primjerice, oružje za masovno uništenje u Iraku nikada nije pronađeno, ali je usprkos tome rat trajao sedam godina, a broj žrtava prešao sto tisuća). Da „dobronarmerne“ vojne operacije itekako imaju profitersku nakazu, odavno je svima jasno. I najnoviji rat u Libiji tome svjedoči. „Crno zlato“ ipak bliješti jače nego iskrena težnja za uspostavom mira, solidarnosti i jednakosti.
Papa Benedikt XVI. u pismu upućenom predsjedniku Biskupskе konferencije SAD-a, mons. T. M. Dolanu, 11. rujna 2011., ističe kako nitko ne smije upotrijebiti nasilje u ime Boga, kako je potrebno poštivati prava i dostojanstvo osoba i naroda te kako su Amerikanci pokazali hrabrost i dobrovoljnost u pružanju pomoći stradalima i njihovim obiteljima nakon tragedije. U svom je Angelusu, upućenom istog dana, Papa naglasio kako je uvijek “potrebno odbacivati nasilje kao rješenje problema, te se odupirati napasti mržnje“. Papa, međutim, nigdje ne spominje niti kritizira odluke američke politike koje su uslijedile nakon tragedije u New Yorku.
Ovih se dana obilježava i 25. godišnjica jednog potpuno drugačijeg odgovora na nasilje i nerazumijevanje između naroda, religija i kultura. Naime, 27. listopada 1986. dogodio se povijesni međureligijski molitveni susret za mir u Asizu. Na poziv tadašnjeg Pape Ivana Pavla II. odazvali su se predstavnici 12 svjetskih religija, kako bi u bazilici Sv. Marije od Andela molili za mir, svatko prema vlastitoj vjerskoj tradiciji „jer svaki čovjek mora slijediti svoju savjest s nakanom traženja istine“, istaknuo je tada Papa. Ovaj je skup bio jasan znak zauzetosti svih religija za mir i njihove težnje za dobrom čovječanstva.
Plaši stoga činjenica da se u medijima neprestano poistovjećuje terorizam s Islamom na jedan banalan i opasan način, odgajajući pritom mlade generacije na mržnju svih koji su različiti. Najčešće je to samo zato jer se ne traži dijalog i medusobno upoznavanje i uvažavanje. (Riječ džihad, primjerice, za muslimane znači „napor na Božjem putu“, a ne, kako se često prevodi, „sveti rat“. ) Iako su tradicije, vjerovanja i način života različiti od zajednice do zajednice, suživot je moguć.
Susret ovog listopada, nakon 25 godina, a kojeg je najavio papa Benedikt XVI., ponovno u Asizu, prilika je da se svatko od nas osobno zapita koliko sam otvoren miru, najprije u vlastitom srcu, potom s ljudima kojima sam okružen, posebno s pripadnicima druge narodnosti ili religiozne opredijeljenosti. Ne radi se pritom o nekom sinkretizmu ili relativizmu vlastitih uvjerenja, već o slobodnom i iskrenom promišljanju o tome kako više biti čovjek. U ovom vremenu neprestanih sukoba potrebni su ljudi mira, koji za njega odgajaju i u vlastitim životima žive prema njegovim načelima. Ovakav, alternativni, dijaloški odgovor na nasilje je jedini put, jer su sva nastojanja vojnih operacija da uspostave mir u startu osuđene na neuspjeh. Sveti Franjo, koji je upravo u Asizu utemeljio zajednicu Manje braće, širio je taj duh pozdravom koji i ja ovdje od srca upućujem „Mir i dobro!“.
Kako razumjeti utakmicu za vlast
Zamjetna je neodlučnost oko izlaska na izbore i oko izborne preferencije. Oso-
bito je neodlučnost, čini mi se, primjetna kod vjerničke, uglavnom nepolitičke,
populacije, koja je gotovo prestrašena količinom i intenzitetom loših vijesti i in-
formacija o našem društvu i politici, plasiranih iz medijske i političke predizborne
mašinerije.
Piše dr. Mario SOŠIĆ
Kako se da zamijetiti, u naš je
društveni život ove jeseni silo-
vito unijeta tema predstojećih
parlamentarnih izbora. Uopće je pi-
tanje izbora, lokalnih, predsjedničkih,
parlamentarnih, tema kojoj se daje
neprimjereno veliki značaj, na koju se
potroši mnogo beskorisnog vremena i
nesvrhovitog novca. Uz to, do najviše
se razine spušta kultura komunikacije
i ophodenja, a do najvišeg se stupnja
penje govor mržnje, vrijedanja, lagan-
ja, čime se samo zagrijavaju postojeće
društvene podvojenosti i izazivaju
štetni društveni konflikti.
Sve se to međutim čini i pro-
ducira s posve određenim kra-
jinjnim ciljem, za koji su zaintere-
sirani mnogi unutarnji, ali i vanjski
igrači. A taj je cilj usmjeren na prom-
jenu postojećeg stanja koji se traži ko-
liko iz realne situacije, toliko i više iz
pojedinačnog i grupnog nagona onih
koji su nezadovoljni svojim društvenim
statusom, svojim neostvarenim intere-
simi ili političkim usmjerenjem, za
promjenom postojećeg stanja. Zbog
toga je u demokraciji gotovo pravilo
da se vrše česte promjene političkih
režima, čije promjene, međutim, same
po sebi nisu nikakva garancija da će
se zadovoljstvom i boljitkom uspjeti
namiriti širi krug ili većina građana.
Ne mogu se dobiti bolje mirovine,
besplatno školovanje i knjige ili bolji
zdravstveni standard, a da se pritom
ne smanje, na primjer, plače u cijelom
javnom sektoru (škole, policija i vo-
jska, pravosuđe, itd.), da se ne smanje
očekivane «nove vlasti», koja će im
to, naravno, nekom privilegijskom
potporom trebati uzvratiti. Jedan od
najboljih instrumenata «prevodenja»
birača k favoriziranim strankama jesu
takožvane anketе o stavovima ja-
vnog mnijenja. To su manipulativna
i neispravna sredstva koja međutim
s namještenim rezultatima privlače
birače, iz psiholoških i socijalnih ra-
zloga, prema odabranim «sigurnim po-
bjednicima». Dobro se prisjetiti jedne
takve anketе, objavljene u riječkom
„Novom listu“ 2007. godine, dva dana
prije parlamentarnih izbora, dajući re-
zultat o preko šezdesetpostotnoj pob-
jedi oporbe. A izborni rezultat je bio
gotovo obrnut.
Zamjetna je neodlučnost
oko izlaska na izbore i oko iz-
borne preferencije. Oso-
bito je neodlučnost, čini mi se, primjetna
kod vjerničke, uglavnom nepolitičke,
populacije, koja je gotovo prestrašena
količinom i intenzitetom loših vijesti i
informacija o našem društvu i politici,
plasiranih iz medijske i političke predizborne
mašinerije. Sugerirao bih za
takve prilike usmjerenje na sagledavanju
samo glavnih odrednica ponuđenih
politika. A to su, odnos prema svome,
svom narodu i iseljenicima, svojoj
domovini, državi, domovinskom ratu,
vjeri i Crkvi, zaštititi tradicionalnih vri-
jednosti i kulture života, usmjerenje na
kulturu rada i socijalnu pravdu, a ne na
špekulacije i socijalizam... Konačno,
uvijek vrijedi ona stara mudrost - u
glavnome ne pogriješiti.
Uzbuđeni prvaši, maturanti pred izazovom državne mature
Misu je prigodom početka nove školske godine predvodio biskup mons. Ivan Milovan, a predavanje na temu klimatskih promjena na Zemlji mr. Marijana Petir, zastupnica u Saboru.
Prvi dan nastavne godine 2011./2012. u Pazinskom je kolegiju-klasičnoj gimnaziji započeo svetom misom koju je predvodio biskup mons. Ivan Milovan, uz ravnatelja Kolegija vlč. Ivicu Kordića te vlč. Maksimilijana Ferlina, vlč. Rikarda Lekaja i vlč. Josipa Peteha. Otac biskup i ravnatelj Kolegija poželjeli su nam puno sreće na početku nastavne godine koji je uvijek iznova stresan za sve učenike, a posebno prvaše. Dok su se napetim prvašima znojili dlanovi, ponosne maturante već sad brine pomisao na državnu maturu. No, valja se truditi pa će i trud biti nagrađen.
Ovaj je godine otvoren i jedan razred jezične gimnazije u koji se upisalo 29 učenika prvaša, a interes za klasični smjer bio je nešto veći: upisan je 31 učenik.
Tradicionalno, prvi je dan nastavljen korisnim predavanjem: ove je godine zanimljivo i poučno predavanje na temu klimatskih promjena na Zemlji održala mr. sc. Marijana Petir, profesorica biologije i ekologije, dipl. teolog, zastupnica u Hrvatskom saboru i predsjednica saborskog Odbora za zaštitu okoliša.
Gospođa Petir na vrlo je jednostavan i razumljiv način sažela i objasnila klimatske promjene koje su se događale u prošlosti Zemlje, kao i one koje se događaju u suvremeno doba, skladno tumačenju IPCC-a – Međuvladina panela o promjeni klime. Istaknula je da je Hrvatska kao potpisnica Kyotskog protokola i kao kandidatka za članstvo EU-a preuzela mnogobrojne obveze te da EU na globalnoj razini nastoji smanjiti emisiju stakleničkih plinova za 20 posto do 2020. u odnosu na 1990., odnosno uvjetno do 30 posto ako određene obveze prihvate i nerazvijene države. Naglasila je kako se procjenjuje da će borba za ublaženje klimatskih posljedica ili oporavak od šteta izravno ili neizravno uzrokovanih posljedicama globalnog zatopljenja utjecati na gospodarski razvoj svih zemalja, a troškovi neispunjavanja preuzetih obveza, prema procjenama, Hrvatsku mogu stajati i do dva posto BDP-a na godinu. Stoga je pozvala prisutne da se odgovorno odnose prema okolišu. Opisala je brojne načine na koje se i škole mogu uključiti u akciju promicanja održivog razvoja: racionalizacijom troškova grijanja, štednjom vode i struje, odgovornim odnosom prema materijalnim dobrima... Osim toga, hrvatski čovjek treba osjećati još i veću odgovornost prema svojoj baštini zbog visoke cijene nacionalne slobode i neovisnosti koja je plaćena u bliskoj nam prošlosti.
Mladi, budite ponosni, odgovorni i zahvalni svojim roditeljima, svojim profesorima, ali i obzirni prema budućim generacijama – najvažnije je u svakoj situaciji biti čovjek“, poručila je Petir.
Nakon okrjepe, duhovne i tjelesne, uslijedila su naša zajednička čavrljanja i prepričavanja ljetnih dogodovština.
Uz važavajući poticajne riječi gde Petir, valja nam mudro djelovati u svim izazovima ove školske godine, poštujuci jedni druge, a na dobro svih nas: učenika, roditelja, djelatnika i cijele institucije Kolegija. (Novinari Pazinskog kolegija – klasične gimnazije)
Početak akademske godine u sjemeništu Redemptoris Mater
PULA – U sjemeništu Redemptoris Mater u Puli obilježen je u četvrtak 6. listopada početak nove akademske godine. Program je započeo pozdravom vlč. Piergiorgia De Angelisa, rektora sjemeništa koji je zahvalio za dar 52 svećenika zaredena u tom sjemeništu. Takoder je predstavio petoricu novih bogoslova koji ove godine započinju svoju duhovno-intelektualnu formaciju. Poseban pozdrav i zahvalu uputio je porečko-pulskom biskupu Ivanu Milovanu, koji je uvijek darivao svećenike za potrebe nove evangeliizacije.
Inauguralno predavanje “Djevičanski čist život današnjeg svećenika i svećeničkog pripravnika unutar bezbožnog okruženja” održao je o. Ivan Fuček, DI, koji je svoju službu duhovnika započeo u pulskom sjemeništu, na čemu mu je posebno zahvalio rektor De Angelis, izrazivši mu dobrodošlicu među bogoslove i odgajatelje. Dr. Fuček istaknuo je: “Svećenik je pozvan živjeti ne u sebi i za sebe, već izlaziti iz sebe i živjeti za drugoga. Kada započnemo živjeti u darivanju za drugoga tada zaboravljamо sebe i sve napasti i kušnje koje svi imamo postaju manje, jer živimo darivanje koje је sastavni dio poslanja prezbitera i koje је bit celibata и spolnosti”.
Nakon toga novozaredeni svećenici primili su diplome o završenom školovanju iz ruku velikog kancelara Visoke teološke škole u Puli biskupa Ivana Milovana. Posebna radost bila je prisutnost rektora sjemeništa u Trstu mons. Janeza Oberstara, koji je punih sedamaest godina obnašao službu rektora pulskog sjemeništa, te dr. Michelea Capassa, rektora novog sjemeništa Redemptoris Mater u Sarajevu čijih je deset bogoslova uz profesore i suradnike sjemeništa nazočilo susretu.
Svečano euharistijsko slavlje u zajedništvu s umirovljenim biskupom Antunom Bogetićem i ostalim svećenicima predvodio je biskup Milanov, koji је u propovijedi posebno potaknuo bogoslove на otvorenost ljudskim vrijednostима које у spoju с krepostima које су dar od Gospodina i oblikuju svako svećeničko zvanje. Susret је nastavljen svećanim ručkom и druženjem gostiju и bogoslova. (IK-A)
Srebrna misa vlč. Blaža Bošnjakovića
VELI VRH U nedjelju, 25. rujna 2011., u 11 sati на Velom Vrhу u Puli, vlč. Blaž Bošnjaković proslavio je svečanom koncelebriranom misom 25. godišnjicu misništva – „srebrnu misu“. Za propovjednika је izabrao mladog svećenika Izidora Sekickog, kojега је prije 25 godina krstio u svojoj prvoj žупи – Fuškulin. Mnogi су se složili da је izbor bio dobar. Nakon mise svečar je „mladomisičkim križem“ (prije 25 godina на mladoj misi vjernici су ljubili taj križ) svakог pojedinog sudionika blagoslovio željevši se sa svakim sresti „licem u lice“ и видети „oči u oči“. Za sve је župnik Ivan Borić sa sudionicima pripremio obilnu zakusku. Popodne је vlč. Blaž organizirao klanjanje Presvetom – и то је била uspješna duhovna investicija. (Bib)
Jedinstveni poslijeratni vjerski pothvat mladoga svećenika
Biskup mons. Radossi za vrijeme misija bio je izvan biskupije, pa mu se vlč. Miro Bulešić javio pismom: „Preuzvišeni gospodine, (...) Mogu vam javiti da su misije imale izvrstan uspjeh. Obraćenja i obraćenja. Otvrdnuli grješnici, već mnogo godina udaljeni, morali su se predati pred Božjom milosti. Bilo nas je 15 svećenika i preko 2.000 ljudi. Neka bude hvaljen Gospodin.“
Piše dr. Vjekoslav MILOVAN
Nije nam poznato je li još koji svećenik u Istri, ili čak u Hrvatskoj, neposredno nakon završetka rata 1945. i nastupa novih komunističkih vlasti, promišljeno poduzeo pothvat sličan pothvatu župnika u Baderni Miroslava Bulešića. On je, naime, nekoliko mjeseci nakon završetku rata i uspostave komunističke vlasti počeo u svojoj župi spremati župne misije. Zamolio je uglednog župnika u Medulinu (pismom od 12. kolovoza 1945.) Jakova Cecinovića da bude propovjednikom-misionarom, ali od njega je nešto kasnije primio negativan odgovor, i to pred konac ruina, nakon što je iz Medulina preselio u Pulu. A vlč. Miro je upravo tada premješten na novu, znatno zahtjevniju župu, u Kanfanar. Ovamo je stigao 14. listopada 1945. No zamisao o pokretanju župnih misija, kojima je želio pomoći oživljavanju vjerskoga života u novim okolnostima komunističkog društva, nastavila je živjeti u njegovoj svijesti. On je sada plan o misijama prilagodio okolnostima u novoj prostranoj župi Kanfanar. Misije je najavio za korizmu 1946. One su održane kroz osam dana, na početku proljeća, kratko pred završetak korizme, od subote, 30. ožujka, do nedjelje, 7. travnja.
Misijski susreti s propovijedima, molitvama i drugim pobožnostima održavali su se istovremeno u tri mjesta ove župe: u Kanfanaru, u Crkvi Majke Božje od Zdravlja u Sošićima i u kapelanskoj crkvi u Baratu. Kako je župnik Bulešić zapisao, u Kanfanaru je propovijedao vlč. Toma Banko (iz Tinjana), u Sošićima vlč. Vladislav Premate (iz Sv. Martina), u Baratu vlč. Ivan Žufić (iz Sv. Petra u Šumi). On se trudio – u okviru mogućnosti – biti prisutan na sva tri mjesta, tamo gdje je bilo najpotrebnije.
U bilježnici oglasa „Napovjedi u Kanfanaru“ sačuvan je temeljni, bogati okvir ovih misija koji je do brojnih potankosti razradio župnik. Tako je prvog dana misija, u subotu, 30. ožujka, održano svečano otvaranje u sva tri mjesta: u Sošićima, u Baratu i u Kanfanaru. Kako je već ranije bilo najavljeno, misije su otvorene u pet sati popodne, a prethodila im je svečana zvonjava uz crkvu – najprije u 4 sata, potom u 4,30 i konačno u 5 sati. Tada je u Kanfanaru iz župne kuće, uz pratnju župnika i ministranata, došao u crkvu misionar. Na vratima ga je dočekao narod, župnik vlč. Miro pozdravio ga je biranim riječima i predao mu štolu i kriz, znak svećeničke vlasti u naviještanju evandelja u ovoj župi. Potom je misionar proglasio svoj prvi, uvodni govor. Na koncu je još održan svečani blagoslov s Presvetim. Na sličan su način, uz manje prilagodbe, održane proslave početak misija u Sošićima i Baratu.
Tijekom cijelog idućeg tjedna, od 31. ožujka do 7. travnja, svakog dana u sve tri crkve, nastupali su misionari: u dvije nedjelje (31. ožujka i 7. travnja) s obilatijim programom, a radnim danima (od 1. do 6. travnja) s ponešto jednostavnijim. Ali i tijekom cijelog tjedna, a radnim danima, izjutra uz misu bila je propovijed, a popodne su održavani razni sastanci, pa nakon njih bile su propovijedi za sve. Spominjem posebne sastanke održane tijekom tjedna: u nedjelju, 31. ožujka, popodne – bio je sastanak za djecu; u ponedjeljak, 1. travnja, popodne u 5 sati bio je sastanak za djevojke, a potom u 6,30 sati propovijed za sve i nakon toga još posebna pobožnost za pokojne. (Nastavlja se)
Kraljici instrumenata vraćen stari sjaj
U maloj Lovrečici, mjestu između Novigrada i Umaga, u župnoj crkvi Sv. Lovre, nalaze se najstarije sačuvane orgulje u Istri, izgrađene 1733. godine. Ne samo da su najstarije, već su i jedine očuvane orgulje majstora Gaetana Amigazzija Starijeg, izdanka poznatih graditelja ovih kraljica instrumenata iz Verone. (Mozart je u jednom pismu ocu, 1777. godine, napisao: „U mojim su očima i ušima ipak orgulje kraljica svih instrumenata.“)
Nedavno su te najstarije istarske orgulje obnovljene pa je tada održan i prigodni koncert. Ostalo je, međutim, nespomenuto niz zanimljivih informacija u vezi s njima.
Istiće se da su orgulje, prije negoli su dospjele u Dajli, pa u Lovrečicu, bile smještene u crkvi San Giorgio Maggiore u Veneciji u prvoj velikoj crkvenoj građevini arhitekta Andree Palladija. I kaže da je na njima izveden „Te Deum“ prigodom izbora Gregorija Luigija Barnabe Chiaramontija za papu, koji je uzeo ime Pio VII. Zašto? Zahvala Bogu u toj crkvi iskazana je novom papi jer je crkva pripadala benediktincima, a on je pak bio benediktinac. Ta benediktinska veza proteže se sve do Dajle, gdje su orgulje dopremljene iz Venecije 1867. godine u crkvu Sv. Ivana Krstitelja. Kada je za benediktince u Dajli Domenico Malvestio iz Padove izradio nove orgulje, stare su 1910. godine montirane u crkvi Sv. Lovre.
U knjizi „Lovrečica i Sv. Ivan Kornetski“, koju je izdala Župa Lovrečica 2007. godine, navodi se da je riječ o plavo obojenome kućištu trodijelnih orgulja koje podsjećaju na četverokutni triptih. Svaki dio sadrži po sedam limenih cijevi; dva bočna dijela sadrže manje, dok se središnji dio, kako to nalazu zakoni simetrije, ističe veličinom u odnosu na bočne dijelove. Graditelj se potpisao: Cajetanus Amigazzi-Veronensis MDC-CXXXIII. Usto u kućištu je ostavio pisamce s porukom: „Quando giungerai a leggere qui ti prego del tuo agiuto pregando Idio per me“ (Kada budeš ovo čitao, molit’ću tvoju pomoć, da moliš Boga za me).
Orgulje su popravljane i obnavljane 1898. i 1957. godine. Godine 1898. obnovio ih je Giovanni Celle iz Kršina, osnivač prve glazbene škole u Puli, koji ih je i postavio u crkvi 1910. godine. Godine 1957. obnovio ih je Vinko Reboli iz Maribora, međutim, upitna je kvaliteta njegova obavljena posla. O obnovi orgulja te 1957. godine postoje detaljni podaci, a sačuvan je popis dragovoljnih novčanih prinosâ obitelji. Oni su za obnovu orgulja darovali pojedinačno od najmanje 50 do najviše 2.000 tadašnjih dinara.
Zanimljivo je da su ove orgulje uspjele izbjegći uništenje u kobnome vremenu od 1917. do 1918. godine: za vrijeme Prvoga svjetskoga rata austrougarska vlada donijela je odluku o rekviziciji predmeta od kositra, olova, bakra, cinka i sličnih metala. Na udaru su prvenstveno bila zvona, ali i svirače orgulja. Odluka o rekviziciji isključivala je glazbala izrađena prije 1800. godine, ona s manje od osam registara i ona od iznimne umjetničke vrijednosti. Istarsko svećenstvo odugovlačilo je prijavu orgulja, a nerijetko je nastojalo i uveličati njihovu vrijednost, nastojeći time izbjegići njihovu zlu sudbinu. Zbog tih smjelih odluka svećenika, mnoge su orgulje sačuvane. (R. BURŠIĆ)
Zasvirale orgulje majstora Girardija
GROŽNJAN Nakon gotovo šestogodišnje temeljite i cjelovite restauracije, povjesne orgulje iz 1846. godine - jedino u Hrvatskoj sačuvano djelo majstora graditelja Giuseppea Girardija - vraćene su na svoje mjesto u grožnjanskoj župnoj crkvi Svetih Vida, Modesta i Krešencije.
Taj je događaj obilježen svečanim kolaudacijskim koncertom vrsnog orguljaša, Šibenčanina Pavla Mašića i miljenice hrvatske operne publike, sopranistice Marije Kuhar Šoša, rodom iz Žminja.
Grožnjanski načelnik Rino Duniš tom je prigodom rekao da je napravljen izuzetno kvalitetan posao.
- Orgulje blistaju u punom sjaju i opet su na svome mjestu. Neka naša novoobnovljena ljepotica još vjekovno svjedoči tu istinu, ljudima na korist, a Bogu na slavu, poručio je župnik don Luka Pranjić.
Giuseppe Girardi rođen je u talijanskom gradu Rossana kraj Vicenze, ali je radeći uglavnom na ovoj strani Jadrana za svoje mjesto prebivališta odabrao Žminj. (L.)
Crkva i svećenstvo na udaru
„Prosvjedujem protiv napada na crkve, svećeničke kuće, župne uredе (...) protiv uništavanja knjiga, matica, slika, crkvenog namještaja i opreme, protiv bijesnог zlostavljanja, udaranja i rana nanesenih župnicima koji su bili silom odvedeni ili su se morali spašavati bijegom (...) ostavivši preko deset župa bez službe Božje i dušobrižništva (...),“ prosvjedovao je tršćansko-koparski biskup Angelo Bartolomasi.
Piše Stanko Josip ŠKUNCA
Svjesni da su svećenici, učitelji i intelektualci glavna podrška svom narodu, talijanske vlasti su nad njima ubrzo stale vršiti pravi teror. Jedne su protjerali preko granice, druge konfinirale na Sardiniju, a treće na razne načine maltretirali. Tako je 17 župnika koji nisu bili rodom Istrani protjerano, premda su već godinama tu djelovali i strodili se sa svojim narodom, a s druge strane dovedeni su svećenici iz Italije, premda nisu poznavali, niti su se trudili naučiti jezik puka. Prema procjeni uglednog istarskog intelektualca i narodnjaka Frana Barbalića do 1931. iz cijele Julijске krajine i Istre zatvorena su 23 svećenika, 35 ih je internirano, a ukupno je protjerano 185 svećenika i redovnika preko granice. Do 1930. samo je u Porečko i pulskoj biskupiji ostalo 47 nepopunjenih župa i kapelania, jer je i Italija oskudijevala svećeničkim kadrom.
Novi je režim želio što prije uništiti svaku ustanovu koja bi njegova slavenski duh ovih krajeva. Tako su već 1920. zapaljeni Narodni dom u Trstu i Hrvatski dom u Puli, u kojem je uništeno više od sedam tisuća knjiga. Vlê. Božo Milanović htio je nastaviti s izdanjem «Pučki prijatelj» u Tiskovnom društvu u Pazinu, ali je fašistička rulja već listopada 1919. provalila u tiskaru i uništila veliki dio opreme, da bi je ljeti 1920. godine do kraja devastirala. Za taj kriminal «opravdano su osumnjičeni» sami Hrvati na čelu s Milanovićem jer da žele izazvati bijes protiv Talijana (baš kao što su svećenici bili «krivi» i osuđeni za ubojstvo sluge Božjega Miroslava Bulesića 1947.). Kad je premješten u Trst, Milanović je ipak do 1929. nastavio tiskati list «Pučki prijatelj». Da bi narodu mogao pružati duhovnu utjehu, sa suradnicima je osnovao «Društva sv. Mohora», pod javnim nazivom «Sodalizio San Ermacoro», koje je izdavalo hrvatske molitvenike.
U okupiranim pograničnim krajevima «ideja odnarodnivanja mora biti brza i potpuna» - grmio je Duce. Prema tzv. Gentilijevoj reformi iz 1923., u okupiranim su se krajevima u roku od pet godina imale ukinuti sve hrvatske škole i ustanove, a to je i brže realizirano. Modificiraju se narodni nazivi naselja, zabranjuje se ili strogo cenzurira hrvatski tisak. Zabranjuje se hrvatski jezik u crkvama i u javnoj upotrebi. Više je svećenika maltretirano i premlaćeno od fašista zato što su se usudili glagoljati i propovijedati hrvatski svom narodu. Uništavaju se i spaljuju crkvene knjige, glagoljski misali, skidaju se i struža s kamena stari hrvatski i glagoljski natpisi, sve što je podsjećalo na hrvatsku kulturu u Istri. Jezični «stručnjaci» talijaniziraju hrvatska imena i prezimena, (zar nije žalosno da neki i danas takva žele zadržati?), u krnsu se su knjige smjela upisati samo talijanska imena, jer je u Istri trebalo izbrisati svaki spomen na Slavene. Mussolinijevi skvadristi dosljedno su i beskompromisno provodili ove nasilne mjere i jao onome koji bi im se suprotstavio.
Benito Mussolini, voda fašističke stranke, bio je opsjednut idejom obnove Rimskog carstva. Godine 1921. sa svojih 34 fašista ušao je u Talijanski parlament, a iduće godine kralj mu je povjerio ulogu premijera. Godine 1924. će raspustiti parlament i uspostaviti diktaturu uzevši sebi naslov «duce – voda». Godine 1928. ustanovio je Vrhovno fašističko vijeće koje je vedrilo i oblačilo u zemlji. Cijelo društvo, počevši od dječaka i djevojčica, mladeži i drugih, organizirano je i odgajano profašistički. Iste godine fašisti zabrane sve crkvene organizacije i zaplijene njihovu imovinu. To je jedno vrijeme bilo zadesilo i salezijanski Oratorij u Rovinju. Udar na crkvene organizacije izazvalo je veliko nezadovoljstvo građana, pa režim, da popravi svoj imidž, odluči riješiti tzv. rimsko pitanje, tj. srediti odnose sa Sv. Stolicom. Naime, već od 1870. kad je rušena papinska država, pape su bile zatočene u Vatikanu. Tako je 11. veljače 1929. sklopljen konkordat zvan Lateranski ugovor i time ublažen pritisak na Crkvu u Italiji. No u okupiranim krajevima režim je nastavio svojom politikom prema narodu i Crkvi. Svećenstvo je, kao što rekosmo, posebno bilo na udaru. Među žrtvama terora spomenimo vlê. Šima Červara, nećaka biskupa Dobrile, ranijeg zastupnika u Istarskom saboru, a sada zrenjanskog
fašizma
župnika, koga su fašisti 1921. zatvorili, mučili i ponižavali. Jedva živ pobjegao je u Sloveniju i umro 1931. Žminjski župnik Pravdoslav Filipić protjeran je sa župe te se sklonio u rodni Lindar (+1938). Vlč. Antuna Janka, upravitelja župe sv. Lovreć, 1920. vozali su svezana po raznim mjestima da ga ponize, četiri mjeseca držali u zatvoru s nakanom da ga vežu za auto i vuku do smrti. Saznavši za taj plan, uspio je pobjeći u Hrvatsku. Vlč. Ivan Ujčić, upravitelj župe Boljun 1921. poslan je u konfiskaciju, a zatim došao u Hrvatsku. Vlč. Boži Milanoviću, župniku Kringe, fašisti su porazbijali pokućstvo, pokrali novac, prolili bačve vina, spalili župnu knjižnicu i arhiv i spremlali se likvidirati ga. Vidjevši da je u opasnosti, biskup ga premjesti u Trst, gdje je ostao do 1946. i tako spasio glavu. Godine 1921. fašisti su napali župni stan u Tinjanu, porazbacali pokućstvo, matične knjige i arhiv, dok se župnik Ivan Kraljić nalazio izvan stana. Vlč. Franji Jurinčiću, župniku Paza, fašisti su 1922. provali u stan, pokrali vrijedne stvari i novac te ga prisilili da biskupu napiše pismo kako se odriče službe i silom ga napili ricinusovim uljem. To je, naime, bila česta praksa fašista u odnosu prema hrvatskom svećenstvu. Mladog župnika Kazimira Rovisa, župnika Kršana, 1926. lažno pozovu bolesniku te ga na cesti istuku do krvi zato što je puku propovijedao na hrvatskom jeziku. Došavši u Trst, biskup Fogar ga imenuje svojim tajnikom. Slične su torture doživjeli župnici Lindara, Roča, Buzeta i dr.
Držanje biskupa
U Trstu je na čelu Tršćansko-koparske biskupije (pod kojom je bila i središnja Istra) od 1911. stolovao biskup dr. Andrija Karlin, kanonik iz Ljubljane. Talijani su došavši na vlast sve poduzeli da ga što prije uklone i na njegovo mjesto stavе Talijana. Osjećajući veliki pritisak, Karlin se sam ponudio povući, što krajem 1919. Sv. Stolica i prihvali, te na njegovo mjesto postavi dotadašnjeg vojnog ordinarija, biskupa Angela Bartolomasija. On je, međutim, bio pravedan prema Slovincima i Hrvatima, zbog čega su ga fašisti počeli zvati «vescovo schiavo». U svom službenom listu, 21. svibnja 1921. godine, uložio je oštar prosvjed na divljanje fašista prema svećenstvu: «Prosvjedujem protiv napada na crkve, svećeničke kuće, župne urede (...) protiv uništavanja knjiga, matica, slika, crkvenog namještaja i opreme, protiv bijesnog zlostavljanja, udaranja i rana nanesenih župnicima koji su bili silom odvedeni ili su se morali spašavati bijegom... ostavivši preko deset župa bez službe Božje i dušobrižništva (...).»
Mons. Bartolomasi osjećao se toliko nemoćan i zgorčen da se krajem 1922. odrekao svoje službe. Tada je u Trstu imenovan novi biskup Alojzije Fogar, Furlan od majke Slovenke, ali odgojen u talijanskom duhu, pa nije slovenski ni govorio. No bio je plemeniti aristokrata i prijažan prema «Slavima». Pisao je u Vatikan o nepravdama prema hrvatskim i slovenskim vjernicima, odakle su ga ohrabrivali da pravedno postupa prema tim vjernicima, da im se na materinskom jeziku drži vjeronauk i propovijeda. Često je protestirao kod civilnih vlasti i policije zbog nepravednih postupaka nacionalista. (Nastavlja se)
Antibioticima se koristiti razumno i disciplinirano
Ovog se članka sjetite kada budete napuštali liječničku ordinaciju bez propisanog antibiotika, a došli ste zbog kihanja, hunjavice, gripe i sl. Nemojte biti razočarani! Znat ćete da vas je liječnik savjesno pregledao i procijenio da se vjerojatno radi o virusnoj upali protiv koje je dovoljno tek mirovanje, topli napitci, med i sl.
Piše dr. Hana GRGORINĆ-KALINIĆ, specijalistkinja kliničke farmakologije
Antibiotici su jedni od najčešće propisivanih lijekova. Koriste se u „borbi“ protiv bakterija, ubijanjem ili oštećenjem bakterija. Od otkrića prvog antibiotika, penicilina (otkrio ga je škotski znanstvenik A. Fleming 1928.), do danas je u primjeni više od sto formulacija s antibakterijskim učinkom. U prethodnom desetljeću na tržištu se pojavilo tek nekoliko novih antibiotika, i to mahom za bolničku primjenu. Antibioticima se stoga moramo koristiti razumno i vrlo disciplinirano kako bismo sačuvali njihovu sadašnju djelotvornost i tako im produžili vijek.
U pale ne uzrokuju samo bakterije već i, između ostalog, virusi. Antibiotici nisu učinkoviti protiv virusa! Učestalost virusnih infekcija je prilično velika, a s druge strane tegobe koje uzrokuju virusne infekcije su vrlo slične onima uzrokovanim bakterijama. Početak liječenja antibioticom ne smije biti prema vlastitom sudu, već procjenu treba prepustiti liječniku. Ukoliko postoji liječnička preporuka za antibiotsko liječenje, antibiotik je potrebno uzimati na način i onoliko dugo kako liječnik preporuči. Ako se liječenje prerano prekine, bakterije koje su još preostale u organizmu nastavit će se razmnožavati i mogu opet izazvati bolest!
Osim velike koristi od antibiotika, potrebno je imati na umu da se radi o potencijalno štetnim lijekovima. Direktna šteta za bolesnika može nastati ukoliko dode do reakcije preosjetljivosti, odnosno alergije na lijek. Jedan od znakova preosjetljivosti na antibiotik može biti tekoćina po tijelu, ali u nekim, na sreću rijetkim slučajevima, moguć je razvoj vrlo opasnog potencijalno smrtonosnog stanja, anafilaktičkog šoka. Preosjetljivost na antibiotik može se razviti prvi put pri uzimanju antibiotika, ali isto tako i kasnijem, ponovljenom uzimanju.
Neracionalna primjena antibioticika vodi prema razvoju otpornijih bakterija, pa se povremeno medijima širi podatak o pojavi nove otporne bakterije i smrtnim posljedicama.
Ovog članka se sjetite kada budete napuštali liječničku ordinaciju bez propisanog antibiotika, a došli ste zbog kihanja, hunjavice, gripe i sl. Nemojte biti razočarani! Znat ćete da vas je liječnik savjesno pregledao i procijenio da se vjerojatno radi o virusnoj upali protiv koje je dovoljno tek mirovanje, topli napitci, med i sl.
Biskup dr. Juraj Dobrila, spomen-knjiga
U izdanju poduzeća „Josip Turčinović“ iz Pazina 2011. g. izašla je knjiga „Biskup dr. Juraj Dobrila, spomen-knjiga“. Ovo je izdanje pretisak knjige koju je 1912. godine uredio msgr. Ante Kalac, prepošt u Pazinu, a u povodu stogodišnjega rođenja biskupa dr. Jurja Dobrile (1812.-1912.).
Nakon crkvene svečanosti sakupi se narod na trgu oko odra, iskićena zelenilom i slikom Dobrile. Glazba udara a zatim stupi na odar Dr. Laginja. Izmučen je, ipak za čitava govora stoji otkrit pred narodom, premda je studeno... U crkvi ste čuli duboki govor o Dobrili. Ja ću biti kratak. Sto je godina prošlo otkad se je radio veliki rodoljub i kršćanin u Ježenju, u Tinjanu. Naše je bilo plug i toljaga, a bolje je bilo tude. Providnost dala je našemu tužnom puku čovjeka, velikog Dobrila, koji se mučio, kako da digne našu krv, da i naš narod život živi kako i drugi... Biskupske dohotke štovovaoo je za škole, crkve, potpore dačke i za druge hrvatske ustanove, i tako je bio pravi apostol svojega naroda.
Ovako s ljubavlju pisana Spomen-knjiga šaljem u bijeli svijet s vrućom željom, da naše ljude potakne na život i rad za narod po načelima velikog biskupa i rodoljuba Dr. Jurja Dobrile, komu vječna slava i spomen među nama!
(Iz Predgovora, Pazin, koncem studenoga 1912., Ante Kalac, prepošt)
I sam sam u obiteljskom domu rastao uz čitanje ove „Spomen-knjige“ i druge vjerske i narodnijske literature. Sigurno je bilo još mnogo takvih obitelji u Istri. Nešto se od tog duba u hrvatskim obiteljima u Istri prenijelo - unatoč dvama teškim režimima prošlog stoljeća - sve do danas. Sada, nakon novih sto godina od prvog izdanja ove knjige, u vremenu kada s odmakom sve gledamo odmjerenije, racionalnije, kritičnije, dobro je da našem narodu u Istri ponovno možemo ponuditi ovu knjigu srca, osobnih sjećanja, živih svjedočanstava o velikom biskupu, pastiru i preporoditelju.
(Iz Biskupove riječi, Poreč, o Velikoj Gospi 2011., moms. Ivan Milovan, biskup porečki i pulski)
Knjiga se može nabaviti u knjižarama „Josip Turčinović“ u Pazinu i Puli. (L.)
HODOČAŠĆE
SVETA ZEMLJA 2011.
JERUZALEM-BETLEHEM-NAZARETH-GALILEA
9 dana zrakoplovom iz Zagreba
/transfer od i do zračne luke u cijeni/
15-22.11.2011
8.510,00 kn
/puni pansion i sve taxe uključene u cijenu/
DUHOVNO I STRUČNO VODSTVO: fra Tomislav Glavnik
MOGUĆNOST PLAĆANJA U VIŠE MJESЕČNIХ OBРОКА
Informacije i predbilježbe na telefon: 052/223-400
(Mariagrazia) ili 0914440538
Sljedeći broj Ladonje izlazi 20. studenog | a8f59c71-295c-4a89-99cd-6ebe2e983dcb | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/hrv_Latn/train | finepdfs | hrv_Latn | 102,887 |
Tjitji-Tjutatjara Kunpu Kulintjaku (listening up strong for little kids) – Innovative evaluation in remote Indigenous communities
C Vockins 1 , C Armstrong 2
1 Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Adelaide, South Australia, -, 2 Waltja Tjutangku Palyapayi Aboriginal Corporation, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, -
Participatory or empowerment evaluation is an innovative and responsive approach to evaluating and understanding complex community projects. The Anangu (Aboriginal) Children's Project in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Lands in the far north west of South Australia is one such project. The project aims to establish culturally safe and inclusive early childhood environments built on Anangu concepts of quality child care. The project design, values and recognises traditional cultural knowledge as critical to developing a strong cultural identity in Anangu children, and this is now being recognised in the literature as a key indicator of positive health and well-being outcomes for Indigenous children (Priest, 2005). Traditional Anangu women from central Australia set the direction for the project and the process of evaluation involves the women interpreting and giving meaning to their work.
The project design uses a partnership approach based on the internationally recognised work in central Australia known as Warrki Jarrinjaku Jintangkamanu Purananjaku (Warrki Jarrinjaku) Warlpiri for 'working together everyone and listening'. This approach supports the growing call for Indigenous participation in evaluation and research (e.g. Kowal, Anderson & Bailie, 2005). This presentation will explore the process of participatory evaluation and partnership by which Anangu together with non-government and government stakeholders share responsibility for achieving project outcomes and building the evidence base for working together. A logic model (or theory of practice) will be used to examine project implementation and the outcomes achieved so far.
The Anangu Children's Project is an initiative of the Australian Government Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FaCSIA). It is a dynamic and evolving project that will inform the Australian Government policy agendas of shared responsibility with Indigenous communities and the inclusion of all Australian children, into early childhood services. | <urn:uuid:cf5e9631-8e03-4b20-982e-523d64ba4b9e> | HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train | finepdfs | eng_Latn | 2,385 |
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