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OVERVIEW
Senegal pioneered the first-ever national “Zero Malaria Starts with Me” campaign on World Malaria Day in 2014. Led by the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP), the country has achieved commendable progress in driving action and accountability from senior government, private sector and civil society leaders, as well as increased funding and engagement from local communities to take ownership over the fight the end malaria. According to the latest WHO World Malaria Report, Senegal recorded more than 800,000 cases of malaria in 2018.
In 1999, El Hadj Diop lost his 12-year-old daughter to malaria. Stricken with grief, he was determined that no other parent should lose a child to the disease.
**SPOTLIGHT: COMMUNITY CHAMPIONS**
In Senegal, communities play a vital role in identifying, understanding, and assessing the needs of vulnerable populations when it comes to the fight against malaria. Community champions are a key link between local health authorities and the communities they serve. Community champions support national malaria elimination efforts by training local volunteers to raise awareness about the dangers of malaria and promote the use of existing interventions to prevent and treat the disease. They are selected by local health authorities based on their status as a trusted person in the community, their communication and literacy skills and willingness to volunteer for the greater good. Community champions engage people via home visits and community clean-ups and provide a channel for community members to report local health challenges to district officials. In one of Senegal’s most populated districts, eight community champions, sponsored by Wari, a private-sector company, reached more than 20,000 people through more than 3,800 home visits and 120 malaria awareness-raising activities.
Strategic approaches to drive action and accountability, increased funding, and community engagement around Zero Malaria Starts With Me
- Cross-border collaboration and planning is a key step in optimizing technical and financial resources to eliminate malaria in the Sahel region. In December 2018 Senegal and The Gambia signed the Senegambia Malaria Elimination Initiative Agreement to do just that. As part of the agreement the two countries launched the first synchronized nationwide bed net distribution of 11 million nets on both sides of the border.
- As part of “Zero Malaria Starts with Me”, a fictional 10-part television series was produced and broadcasted nationally to more than 1 million viewers per week. The series, “Le Champion de Bonaba” follows a community champion who, after losing his pregnant wife to malaria, commits himself to eliminate malaria in his community and in Senegal.
- Fourteen private sector companies – both Senegalese and multinational – formed an anti-malaria coalition, to emphasize the importance of private sector action to accelerate progress and reach the national goal of eliminating malaria in Senegal.
- The Association of Senegalese Mayors signed the “Declaration of Support for Malaria Elimination” showing their support for profound change and collective mobilization in the fight against malaria.
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Model Selection for Composite Objects with Attribute Grammars
Jörg Schmittwilken and Lutz Plümer
Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn {schmittwilken, email@example.com
ABSTRACT
In this paper we present a concept for the reconstruction of composite objects from LIDAR 3D point clouds with focus on symmetric and partly recursive structures. The concept is top-down and bases on a generative model given by an attribute grammar. It uses the well known random sample consensus paradigm for model selection.
The attribute grammars formalism is used for the modeling of 3D objects. It models composition by production rules and it can also incorporate constraints on parameters and geometric dependencies between parts by attributes.
The constraints which are given by the grammar advise to preprocess the data in order to improve the RANSAC algorithm. In the preprocessing step the normal vector of each plane defined by a point and his n neighbors is estimated. The samples are drawn from a subset of these 'needles'.
1. INTRODUCTION
Top-down approaches for the reconstruction of 3D urban scenes, particularly 3D buildings, base on abstract models. Therefore the objects are described by detailed parameterized models. The main task of their reconstruction from any observation is to find a set of parameters that instantiates an optimal model, i.e. the model that optimally fits the observation. Top-down approaches can be used for the interpretation of images and also for LIDAR based reconstructions. In this paper we present a concept for the reconstruction of symmetric objects from 3D point clouds measured by terrestrial laser scanners.
For the sake of clarity we will first explain the meaning of the words object, model and instance as they are used in this paper. (1) an object is a (generalised) representation of a real world item e.g. talking about the object 'building' we do not think about each brick or cornice but of a more generalized representation, (2) a model is an abstract and parameterised representation of a real world item e.g. a cuboid with unknown scale is a low detailed model of a building, and (3) an instance is a model with fixed parameters.
The random sample consensus (RANSAC) presented by Fischler and Bolles (1981) is a robust and well known top-down algorithm for the classification of 3D point clouds. It divides the given data set into inliers and outliers. The algorithm needs a parametrical model as input and then estimates sets of parameters that define an instance of the model.
In the presented concept the parameterized model which is used by the random sample consensus is given by an attribute grammar. The original usage of formal grammars is the definition of formal languages. Therefore grammars can either be used to generate words of the particular language or to parse given words in order to validate them. But attribute grammars can also be used to model geometric objects. Due to recursive production rules the variety of words that can be derived from grammars is quite high – actually infinite, but it can be limited by constraints defined in the semantic rules. The geometrical constraints of the model are also defined in the semantic rules. They are used to pre-process the observation data and to reduce the size of the set from which the samples are drawn. The geometric constraints also imply an iterative model selection which estimates one parameter at a time. In each loop one more parameter is estimated. Finally the model selection chooses the model with highest support i.e. the largest consensus set.
In this paper we present a concept for the reconstruction of recursive and symmetrical 3D objects from 3D point clouds. The rest of the paper is structured as follows. We give an overview of the related work in the following section (2). The model selection and first results are presented in section 3. In the last section (4) we summarize and discuss our work and give an outlook for future works.
2. RELATED WORK
A lot of work for automatic grouping or clustering of features has been presented since decades. The task is an autonomous segmentation of feature sets. The methods are not specialized to geometric features but reconstruction of 3D building (parts) is so. Well known and powerful methods are kmeans (Lloyd 1982), the expectation maximization algorithm (Dempster et al. 1977) and the principal component analysis (Pearson 1901). Since these algorithms base on simple implicit models, it is hard to implement more elaborate models. However this is essential for the reconstruction of complex and composite objects in a top-down approach where a given model is used to limit the search space.
More elaborated approaches base on model selection methods. In principle they compare an instance of a given model with the observations and calculate the goodness-of-fit. Some methods like Markov Chain Monte Carlo (Metropolis and Ulam 1949) base on sampling from given distribution. Graphical models like Bayesian networks base on probabilistic modelling. The random sample consensus (Fischler and Bolles 1981) uses a geometrical model to calculate the distance of each point to a particular instance of the model. The model selecting function usually returns that set of parameters with the highest support, i.e. a high number of inliers. However, more elaborated functions can be used for the model selection.
Information criterions like the Akaike Information Criterion (Akaike et al. 1974) can be used to avoid over fitting or under fitting by statistically founded similarity measures.
Geman et al. (2002) give a mathematical formulation of compositionality which is, to their mind, fundamental to the human ability of cognition.
Formal grammars have been introduced by Chomsky (1956; 1959) to describe the linguistic structure of natural and formal languages. In the sense of Chomsky a formal grammar is defined as the quadruple
of a finite set of terminal symbols T, a finite set of non-terminal symbols N with T ∩ N = ∅ , a start symbol S with S ∈ N and a finite set of production rules P of the form
Knuth (1968; 1971) described how to assign semantics to context-free languages by attribute grammars. Therefore a finite set of attributes A = {a1, a2, …, an} is added to each symbol Y with Y ∈ (N ∪ T). The processing of the attributes in the derivation tree is defined by a finite set of semantic rules R(P) attached to each production rule P in the following way:
We use attributes for the information flow between separated nodes of the derivation tree. In contrast to the usage of attribute grammars in compiler design we do not restrict semantic rules on symbols but heavily use numbers and functions for the coding of geometric relations or probabilistic information.
Müller et al. (2006) extend split grammars (Wonka et al. 2003) for procedural modelling of buildings. They present a 3D grammar enabled to do affine transformations such as rotation. Symbols are represented by volumetric objects which interact like in constructive solid geometry (Mäntylä 1988).
A concept for the modelling of symmetry and topology of geometric objects using attribute grammars has been presented by Schmittwilken et al. (2009). Krückhans & Schmittwilken (2009) present a grammar based approach for the synthetic generation of facades.
Ripperda and Brenner (2006) use formal grammars in combination with reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (rjMCMC) methods for the reconstruction of facades from terrestrial image data. They generate model assumptions which optimally fit the observations by guiding the derivation process by rjMCMC. Müller et al. (2007) use terrestrial images for a grammar based reconstruction of facades. They present a four step top-down method which ends up in a 3D facade model. The work of Ripperda and Brenner and Müller et al. mainly use grammars for a two dimensional description of the facades.
3. MODEL SELECTION WITH ATTRIBUTED GRAMMARS
In this section the concept of grammar based model selection for symmetric objects is introduced and exemplarily explained on the reconstruction of stairs from terrestrial LIDAR data.
We first illustrate the usage of attribute grammars as a modelling language for 3D objects (3.1). After that, we give a closer look to our improvements of the random sample consensus which are used for the model selection (3.2).
3.1 Attribute grammars for 3D objects
Attribute grammars can be is used to define models of 3D objects. Generally the object and its parts are represented by the grammar symbols (terminal and non-terminal). The parameters of each object part, particularly the form parameter and location parameter, are represented by the attributes of the according symbol. Attributes are propagated by the semantic rules which are attached to the production rules.
Table 1 shows an exemplary grammar of stairs. Upper case letter are used for non-terminal symbols, lower case letters denote terminal symbols. The superscript indices are used to differentiate between multiple occurrences of the same symbol. The following abbreviations are used for the symbols and will also be used in the following of this section.
S… staircase
F… flight (unbroken series of steps)
L… landing
r… riser (vertical part of a step)
t… tread (horizontal part of a step)
w… winder (curved tread)
Table 1: Production rules of the stair grammar.
Table 2 shows a subset of the semantic rules of the stair grammar. The rules R1 – R9 propagate the reference point from the left side symbol of the production rule to the right side symbols like it is illustrated in Fig. 1.
Table 2: Excerpt from the semantic rules of the stair grammar.
Table 3: Simplified semantic rules.
For the sake of readability and simplification three rules at a time are combined using predefined functions (cf. Table 3).
Since the geometry of the objects is exclusively represented by location parameters and form parameters, which are stored in attributes, the order of symbols in the derived word becomes less important. Adjacencies of symbols in the word need not result in adjacencies of their geometric interpretation.
.
For example, the derivation of a stair with three flights converging at one landing (cf. Fig. 2) first involves the production rule P2 to generate a landing with one oncoming flight and one flight going off. The production rule P6 adds a third flight to the landing. We derive the word F 1 L F 2 F 3 (the superscript indices are used to differentiate between multiple occurrences of the same symbol) where the flights F 2 and F 3 are both topological correctly connected (adjacent) to the landing L, even if F 3 is not a neighbour of L in the word. Applying P3 and P5 to F 2 and F 3 generates a series of r t: (r t) n (r t) m which is a notation for n or m repetitions of the sequence r t. After the termination of F 2 by P5 the adjacency of (r t) m and L is even less obvious.
In addition to the rules given in Table 3 a lot of semantic rules remain. They are beyond the scope of this paper and therefore only the aims of the remaining rules are sketched as follows:
* Inheritance of all form parameters and location parameters
* Constraining parameters and the derivation:
* Topological correct instances
- Maximum number of steps
- Thresholds for rise, tread, and winder angle
- Curved parts of flights normally sum to 90° at a stretch
* Correct connection of multiple flights to a landing
Applying the grammar, the semantic rules are applied consecutively. Each semantic rule propagates attribute values between father and sons. The father-son-metaphor is suitable concerning the derivation tree. As the stair example illustrates, the semantic rules realize an inheritance of attribute values rather than a simple propagation. Sons often inherit properties like their orientation and form parameter (R10 and R11) from their fathers. This is essential because the form parameter of steps do not change within a flight.
3.2 Reconstruction
A subset of the semantic rules given above specifies suffices to specify the general concept of a staircase. The most general property of a staircase is the horizontal alignment of treads, the vertical alignment of risers, and the invariability of rise and tread depth within a staircase. The latter is given by R10(P3) and R11(P3) inter alia. This general model of a staircase ensures that treads and risers both lie in parallel, equidistant planes - treads in horizontal ones and risers in vertical ones.
Rise (distance of horizontal planes) and treadDepth (distance of vertical planes) are the parameters of this general model. The estimation of rise and treadDepth is done in the model selection step using random sample consensus, namely by finding the most probable instance of the general model. This is presented in the following sub sections. The presented results refer to the 'entrance stair data' set shown in figure 3.
Pre-processing
The two sets of parallel planes are an important property of the general model. The parallelism of the planes can be used for an improvement of the RANSAC algorithm. The efficiency of the algorithm mainly depends on the complexity of the model, i.e. the number of samples. The more complex the model is the more probable is the failure of a sample.
Although the model of parallel planes is quite simple, the sampling is improved by a reduction of the set of points from which the sample is drawn. Therefore the 'normal vector of each point' np, is estimated i.e. the normal vector of the plane which is given by np and its k neighbours. The points and the corresponding normal vectors will be named needles in the following. Although this is an expensive process without spatial indexing, it has to be done only once and the number of failed sample sets will be reduced.
Our Java based implementation uses an octree spatial indexing of the 3D point cloud and we calculate the needles by a principal component analysis (PCA) (Pearson 1901). The octree of the 3D point cloud shown in figure 3 (entrance stair data set - ca 52.000 points) is build ca 1.100 times faster than the calculation of all needles by a PCA. The first lasts ca 30ms the latter 34s on a 1.6GH dual core CPU.
Two subsets of the needles P are additionally stored in H and V containing horizontal and vertical needles.
Model selection
In the following we will give an overview about the sampling strategy and model instantiation. We first focus on the sampling and model instantiation of horizontal planes (parameter rise) which is more general. The more elaborated computation of vertical planes (parameter treadDepth) is presented after that.
Horizontal planes are invariant against rotations around the z-axis i.e. the position of the laser scanner relative to the staircase i.e. the rotation of the point cloud within its relative coordinate system. Furthermore they are invariant against landings and winders (curves) within the stair. Thus the sampling and model instantiation of horizontal planes is done in the first stage which can be computed without consideration of any transformations of the 3D point cloud. Thus the presented model selection even works for winded stairs or spiral stairs.
Therefore two points are randomly drawn from the set of vertical needles V. The parameter rise is calculated by solving equation 2.
Δ h is the height difference of the two points, n is the number of steps and hence it is integral. The parameter rise is real-valued. Thus it states a mixed real integer problem. However, rise is constrained by thresholds. We have measured 120 stairs and determined the two thresholds rise∈ [0.14,0.20] and treadDepth∈ [0.18,0.38]. Inserting the minimum rise and maximum rise into equation 2 leads to a minimum and maximum number of steps.
For each possible number n of steps the parameter rise is calculated by solving equation 2. For example, let a random sample of two points with a height difference of 1.53m be given. The problem is solved by four tuples of the type {n,rise}: {{8,0.19}, {9,0.17,}, {10,0.15}}. This states the number of models which have to be validated independently.
Additionally we limit the sampling algorithm to sample locally. Since stairs are usually local features of the 3D point cloud and a large percentage of points are not onto the steps we force the two points of the sample to be within a maximum distance. The sampling algorithm is given below.
```
function getSampleSet(V) { εd = tolerance maxDist = maximum 3d distance Randomly select p1 from V Randomly select p2 from V {p ∈ V | |p.z - p1.z| < maxDist + 2 * εd} return {p1, p2} }
```
Finally the model with the highest support i.e. the largest consensus set is selected. Therefore each observed point is tested whether or not it fits the model. Certainly the consensus set is computed from all points. They are not limited to horizontal or vertical needles! The score function is derived from equation 2 as follows: The height difference of the point that has to be tested and the first sample point has to fulfill equation 2 i.e. the number of steps n has to be integral. Since modulo operation is also defined for real numbers, equation 4 is derived. The tolerance measure ε is used to control accuracy.
In our implementation we use the mathematical definition of modulo operation instead. We have noticed that it is much faster in Java:
Figure 4 shows the results of the classification. It is obvious that parallel horizontal planes have been estimated. It is also obvious that per plane the set of inliers still contains points that do not lie on treads, e.g. points of the handrails or of the backmost wall (c.f. figure 5). But however, the parameter rise is estimated accurately.
The estimation of treadDepth and parallel vertical planes is analogous. The sample set is drawn from horizontal needles. However, one more constraint is necessary to ensure parallelism of the planes: two randomly sampled needles have to be parallel and so each inlier has to do.
The model selection of curved steps also is analogous to the estimation of straight stairways. Like rise and treadDepth the angle of the winder is constrained by thresholds. According to straight stairs the vertical planes of a winded staircase have to draw this angle. The estimation of rise (horizontal planes) is independent from the type of staircase. Figure 6 shows the estimation of parallel horizontal planes from an artificial data set without noise, except the column in the centre of the stairway.
4. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
In this paper we have presented a grammar based top-down approach for the reconstruction of symmetric objects by model selection. Exemplarily we have focused on stairs.
We have shown how attribute grammars can be used for generative modelling of geometric objects. Therefore form parameter and location parameter are represented by attributes and their propagation within the model is organized by semantic rules. The composition of object parts can neatly be defined by a single production rule which also covers recursive and symmetric compositions. Constraints on the geometric properties of the composition itself are also defined by semantic rules.
An improved sampling strategy for the random samples and consensus paradigm has been presented. The observations are pre-processed before starting the model selection with the RANSAC algorithm. Furthermore the samples are drawn from only a subset of the original data which is defined by the constraints specified in the grammar. Finally the model with largest consensus set is chosen.
The derived model parameter rise and treadDepth are estimated independently in two autonomous runs of the RANSAC algorithm although they are highly correlated by their geometry. Particularly the direction of the vertical planes sometimes does not fit the risers. This could be illustrated as follows: (1) Samples are drawn from horizontal needles, so the direction of the stair is unknown respectively it is free. (2) Particularly for open stairs without faced risers there are only a small number of inliers for vertical plane models.
Therefore a combined model selection which considers the geometric constraints of risers and treads should be preferred.
Our actual work deals with the reduction of the horizontal planes in order to receive treads. For each plane the subset of points which lie on treads is computed. These subsets are constraint by the parallelism of their principal components. Given the subsets and their principal components, the sampling of points for the model selection of vertical planes (treadDepth) will be limited to horizontal needles parallel to the second principal component of the treads. The set of 'tread points' also gives a stronger threshold for the depth of the treads. Furthermore it gives an estimation of the width of the stair.
The presented concept should also be transferred to other symmetrical objects, e.g. arcades or rows of windows, and afterwards be generalised to any composite object. Therefore the linkage between grammar based modelling and model selection has to be deepened.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Dr. Claus Brenner from the Institute of Cartography and Geoinformatics, University of Hannover for the provision of data sets (including entrance stair data set).
This work is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) as part of the sino-german joint cooperation on 'Interoperation of 3D Urban Geoinformation'.
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Fischler MA, Bolles RC (1981) Random Sample Consensus: A Paradigm for Model Fitting with Applications to Image Analysis and Automated Cartography. Communications of the ACM, 6:381-395
Geman S, Potter D, Chi Z (2002) Composition Systems. Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, 707-736
Knuth DE (1968) Semantics of context-free languages. Theory of Computing Systems, 2:127-145
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Krückhans M, Schmittwilken J (2009) Synthetische Verfeinerung von 3D-Stadtmodellen. In: Proceedings of DGPF-Jahrestagung, March 2009, Jena, Germany
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Müller P, Wonka P, Haegler S, Ulmer A, van Gool L (2006) Procedural Modeling of Buildings. In: (eds): Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 / ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) ACM Press, pp 614-623
Müller P, Zeng G, Wonka P, van Gool L (2007) Image-based Procedural Modeling of Facades. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 / ACM Transactions on Graphics. ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, p 85
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Ripperda N, Brenner C (2006) Reconstruction of Facade Structures Using a Formal Grammar and RjMCMC. In: Franke K, Müller K-, Nickolay B, Schäfer R (eds): Proceedings of 8th DAGM Symposium, Berlin, Germany, September 12-14 2006. Springer, pp 750-759
Schmittwilken J, Dörschlag D, Plümer L (2009) Attribute Grammar for 3D City Models. In: Proceedings of Urban Data Management Symposium (UDMS), June 2009 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Taylor & Francis
Wonka P, Wimmer M, William FS (2003) Instant Architecture. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 4:669-677
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KAREN magazine is an antidote to the current glut of mind-numbingly inane celebrity/gossip/showbiz/soap obsessed magazines cluttering up newsagents’ shelves across the land. KAREN steps out of her front door and wanders around her village asking the people she meets, “What are you doing tonight?”, “What are you having for tea?” and “Who lives on the Green?”. Their answers to these mundane questions are recorded verbatim in the pages of KAREN and accompanied with colour snapshots of the people and places. KAREN has a clean, restrained, minimalist approach to layout, using a single typeface throughout and devoting plenty of space to each article. Included are eight pages of beach hut photos accompanied by brief comments from the people who own or rent them, and the correspondence between a granny in residential care and her granddaughters, where she asks them to make a mark for her door saying “This door sticks. Please knock or push”, together with a photo of it in situ. In other contributions, ‘Neil’ writes up his food/beer diary for a full eight pages before getting bored of it, and there’s stuff on home improvements, a small ads section and a comments book. KAREN explores the fascinating and peculiar goodness of ordinary everyday life. My copy will find its place on the bookshelf next to The Caravan Gallery’s recent WELCOME TO BRITAIN book and Daniel Meadow’s NATTERING IN PARADISE (1988). I’m looking forwards to KAREN magazine issue 2 which will be out by the time you read this.
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Jimmy Cauty’s 2003 antiwar postage stamp depicting the Queen in a gas mask resulted in legal action from the Royal Mail, and appeared on the front cover of The Times. As an ex-member of the KLF and K Foundation it’s no surprise that Cauty thrives on press coverage and
controversy. He enjoyed the kerfuffle caused by his gas mask stamps so much that he’s gone into creative overdrive and produced fifty more stamp sheets and accompanying first day covers with all the requisite rubberstamps, logos and cancellation marks. They’re all included in STAMPS OF MASS DESTRUCTION AND OTHER POSTAL DISASTERS VOL 2. The predominant topics explored on the stamps are environmental and anti-war themes, continuing a long tradition of subversive postage stamps by artists—including William Farley’s 1971 anti-Vietnam War protest stamps which were keenly collected by the US Secret Service. The book is accompanied with a greatest hits sheet of perforated and gummed stamps where his best designs are featured: a gigantic crucifix being used as a mobile phone mast, Big Ben with a 9-11 style explosion ripping through the clock tower, a nuclear fallout sign to the gas mask stamp with the bust of a Queen-like figure wearing a haz-mat suit, gas mask and crown! Some themes are explored repeatedly to no great advantage, which Cauty seems to acknowledge with his ‘Running Out of Ideas for Stamps Day’ design.
WE ARE THE TARGET PEOPLE and THEY QUICKLY RAN FROM THE ENORMOUS FINGER are the most recent titles in illustrator Andy Smith’s series of hand silkscreened books. They’re a set format of twelve pages, 14 x 14 cm booklets, silkscreened in two or three colours in editions of 300, which sell for a modest £3. Basically they’re produced from a single A3 sheet of paper printed both sides then stapled and trimmed. It’s a fun, winning format which reminds me of those 1970’s greeting cards with jokes on all four sides rather than just the front of the card. THEY QUICKLY RAN FROM THE ENORMOUS FINGER is a one-line visual gag. An enormous finger stretches across the entire space of the first eight pages, only revealing itself to be a finger when you come to the fingernail and the very sensibly fleeing eyes of Lilliputian figures. Balancing illustration, handwritten letterpress text and printing methods perfectly, Andy Smith’s books successfully combine the qualities of an artist’s book, greetings card and mini-comic.
Can you get an ASBO for drawing? Can you get an ASBO for publishing a book? I don’t know but it seems like Jody Barton is trying to find out with EMBRYO BOY. EMBRYO BOY is evicted prematurely from his original home and tries unsuccessfully to find a suitable one within/inside a surrogate mother. Homeless, the tiny, cigarette smoking EMBRYO BOY tries to make his way in the world and eventually explores several career paths including strongman, cocktail waiter and grave digger. But being only a couple of inches tall, life’s not easy for this minuscule malcontent. As he says, “Popping out for cigarettes is not easy when you live in a womb.” Guaranteed/intended to offend just about everyone who sees a copy, EMBRYO BOY is printed in duotones of black and a sludgy pinky-brown colour which looks like it’s a mixture of all the leftover bits of ink the printers had lying around.
Indie comix stalwart James Kochalka’s new series is a superhero title—has he finally sold out and gone all commercial and bigtime? Well, with a title like SUPER F*CKERS (that’s how it appears on the cover) and the exhortation, “Hey, Kids! Take your dicks out of the Playstation 3 for one god damn minute and read some fucking comics”, I think we can safely assume not. The SUPER F*CKERS are a mismatched bunch of foul-mouthed, electrotrash club kids and ineffectual science geeks stuck together in a Big Brother style club house where they spend their time figuring out how to rescue their team mates from “uh, like, some other dimension”; these misfits are preoccupied with bickering, ripping the piss out of each others’ lame superpowers, finessing their bad attitudes and getting stoned out of their tiny minds on improvised drugs. All the while a queue of hopeful wanna-be superheroes line up outside, desperate to join the club. (Maybe there’s a place for EMBRYO BOY with the SUPER F*CKERS?) Kochalka’s artwork is in ultra bright acid colours, with some photo backgrounds and even a strip shot with a plasticine model of one character V: stupid, v. juvenile and v. reprehensible, SUPER F*CKERS is v. enjoyable. Issue #2 is out already and #3 is on the way—at last an indie comix series that comes out with something approaching regularity, so you don’t have to scratch your head trying to remember what happened in the previous issue that came out over a year ago!
http://www.mpawson.demon.co.uk/
Contacts
KAREN magazine. £5.00. ICA bookshop, the Mall, London. www.karenmagazine.com
IMPERFECT SENSES. £5.00. Available from Bookends, 106-108, Pitfield Street, London, N1 6HR.
SIX HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-SIX APPARITIONS OF KILLOFFER. £16.95. www.typecart.com Available from MAGMA, Manchester & London.
SALAMANDER DREAM. £15.00. From good comic shops, if you can find one. www.adhousebooks.com www.hopeclark.com
FILMS IN AMERICA 1929-1969. Available from Cube Cinema, 4 Princess Row, Bristol, BS2 8NQ. www.perplexed.cubecinema.com
STAMPS OF MASS DESTRUCTION AND OTHER POSTAL DISASTERS VOL 2. £8.99. Available from the Aquarium, 10 Woburn Walk, London, WC1H 0JL. www.CNPOnline.com
WE ARE THE TARGET PEOPLE and THEY QUICKLY RAN FROM THE ENORMOUS FINGER. £3 each, from Playlounge, Gosh and Best (all in London) www.asmithillustration.com
EMBRYO BOY. £4.00. www.jodybarton.co.uk
THE FLOWER SHOP. £19.95. leonardkoren.com.
Blumenkraft, Schleifengasse 4, 1040 Vienna.
SUPER F*CKERS. £7.00. www.topshelfcomix.com
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AARHUS
UNIVERSITET
Dagsorden
Hvis intet nævnt er LRO punktejer
Til drøftelse
| Nr. | Tid | Dagsordenspunkt og bilag | Bilags- nr. | Ejer | Side |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.00- 11.30 | Status på The Link | | | |
Til beslutning
| Nr. | Tid | Dagsordenspunkt og bilag | Bilags- nr. | Ejer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 11.30- 11.50 | Implementeringsspor for 2023 • Sagsfremstilling • Oversigt over implementeringsspor | 2 2a | |
| 3 | 11.50- 12.05 | Status på samarbejdet med kommuner • Sagsfremstilling • Oversigt over styregrupper • Oversigt over emner i kommuneaftalerne | 3 3a 3b | KJ |
Til drøftelse
| Nr. | Tid | Dagsordenspunkt og bilag | Bilags- nr. | Ejer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 12.05- 12.25 | Afdækning af behov og modeller for lån eller leje af laboratorier ifm. spinout eller afprøvning af videnskabelige idéer • Sagsfremstilling • Kommissorium | 4 4a | JBJ |
| 5 | 12.25- 12.55 | Forberede EU/UU-mødet den 23/1 om karriere • Sagsfremstilling | 5 | |
| Nr. | Tid | Dagsordenspunkt og bilag | Bilags- nr. | Ejer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 12.55- 13.00 | Gensidig Orientering og kommende møder • Gensidig Orientering • Erhvervsudvalgets 2023-møder | 6 6a | KJ |
Til meddelelse (0 minutter til punkterne)
| Tid | Dagsordenspunkt og bilag | Bilags- nr. | Ejer |
|---|---|---|---|
| | Bestyrelsesmødet i Erhvervshus Midtjylland den 1. december • Dagsorden • Referat eftersendes | 7 | KJ |
| | Møde i Innovationspolitisk Udvalg den 8. december 2022 • Dagsorden • Referat eftersendes | 8 | |
| | Noter fra erhvervsudvalgsmødet den 1. november 2022 • Noter fra EU-mødet den 1. november 2022 | 9 | LVO |
| - | Eventuelt | | Alle |
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/dan_Latn/train
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finepdfs
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dan_Latn
| 1,671
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Customer:
Address:
| BASIL | POUND |
|---|---|
| RUGULA | POUND |
| BABY ARUGULA | 4 OZ TRAY |
| BOCK CHOI | POUND |
| CORIANDER | POUND |
| DILL | POUND |
| BABY SPINACH | 4 OZ TRAY |
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| TARRAGON | POUND |
| PANSY | 2 OZ TRAY |
| BORAGE FLOWER | 2 OZ TRAY |
| GARDEN NASTURTIUM*** | 2 OZ TRAY |
| MIXED ADIBLE FLOWERS | 4 OZ TRAY |
| CHIPILIN FLOWER | 2 OZ TRAY |
| KALE | POUND |
| CURLY GREEN KALE | POUND |
| ASIAN LETTUCE MIX | POUND |
| YELLOW CURLY ENDIVE | POUND |
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| MIX LETTUCE | POUND |
| ROMAN LETTUCE | POUND |
| BIG LEAF MINT | POUND |
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| PARSLEY | POUND |
| RADICCHIO | UNIT |
| WASHED RADICCHIO | POUND |
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| ROSEMARY | POUND |
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CAOBA FARMS
ORGANIC PRODUCTS
EAT WELL FEEL GOOD
FIGURES EXPRESSED IN QUETZALEZ
www.caobafarms.com
7832-9201
Pricelist
| SAGE | POUND |
|---|---|
| SPRING MIX | POUND |
| HOMEMADE SALAD | ½ POUND |
| COMPLETE SALAD | ½ POUND |
| SPRING MIX BABY | 4 OZ TRAY |
| BABY CARROT | POUND |
| PRODUCT | UNIT OF MEASUREMENT |
|---|---|
| COLORS CHARD | POUND |
| CHIVES | POUND |
| FENNEL | UNIT |
| LEMON TEA | POUND |
| PRODUCT | UNIT OF MEASUREMENT |
|---|---|
| AMARANTH SPROUTS | 2 OZ TRAY |
| SUNFLOWERS SPROUTS | 4 OZ TRAY |
| RADISH SPROUTS | 4 OZ TRAY |
| BEETROOT SPROUTS | 2 OZ TRAY |
| MIX SPROUTS | 4 OZ TRAY |
PRODUCTS BY SEASON
| PRODUCT | UNIT OF MEASUREMENT | VALUE |
|---|---|---|
| PEAS | TRAY | Q. 15.00 |
| SWEET PEAS | TRAY | Q. 15.00 |
| BROCCOLI | UNIT | Q. 8.00 |
| CAULIFLOWER | UNIT | Q. 12.00 |
| FRESH TURMERIC | POUND | Q. 60.00 |
| GREEN BEANS | TRAY | Q. 15.00 |
| CHINESE LEMON | UNIT | Q. 3.00 |
| MALANGA | POUND | Q. 10.00 |
| BLACKBERRY | TRAY | Q. 15.00 |
| CABBAGE | UNIT | Q. 10.00 |
| SHALOTS | POUND | Q. 60.00 |
| TAP SOI | POUND | Q. 20.00 |
| KITCHEN TOMATO | POUND | Q. 8.00 |
Note: our prices are subject to unexpected changes.
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train
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finepdfs
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| 1,947
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КРАТКА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА НА ПРОДУКТ КЪМ РАЗРЕШЕНИЕ ЗА ТЪРГОВИЯ № 0022-2727
1. НАИМЕНОВАНИЕ НА ВЕТЕРИНАРНИЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕН ПРОДУКТ
Cadorex 300 mg/ml инжекционен разтвор за говеда, овце и прасета
2. КАЧЕСТВЕН И КОЛИЧЕСТВЕН СЪСТАВ
Всеки ml съдържа:
Активно вещество:
Florfenicol 300 mg
Помощни вещества:
Бистър, бледожълт до сламено оцветен, слабо вискозен разтвор, без странични примеси.
3. КЛИНИЧНА ИНФОРМАЦИЯ
3.1 Видове животни, за които е предназначен ВМП
Говеда, овце и прасета.
3.2 Показания за употреба за всеки вид животни, за който е предназначен продуктът
Говеда:
Заболявания, причинени от бактерии, чувствителни към флорфеникол: Метафилактично и терапевтично лечение на респираторни инфекции при говеда, причинени от Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida и Histophilus somni. Наличието на заболяването в групата трябва да бъде установено преди прилагане на ветеринарния лекарствен продукт.
Овце:
Лечение на респираторни инфекции при овце, причинени от Mannheimia haemolytica и Pasteurella multocida.
Прасета:
Лечение на остри респираторни инфекции при прасета, причинени от щамове на Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae и Pasteurella multocida.
3.3 Противопоказания
Да не се използва при възрастни бикове и кочове, предназначени за разплод.
Да не се използва при нерези, предназначени за разплод.
Да не се използва при свръхчувствителност към активното вещество или към някои от помощните вещества.
3.4 Специални предупреждения
Няма.
3.5 Специални предпазни мерки при употреба
Специални предпазни мерки за безопасна употреба при видовете животни, за които е предназначен ВЛП:
Този ветеринарен лекарствен продукт не съдържа никакъв антимикробен консервант.
Безопасността на ветеринарния лекарствен продукта не е установена при овце на възраст под 7 седмици.
Да не се използва при прасенца с телесна маса под 2 kg.
Употребата на ветеринарния лекарствен продукт трябва да се основава на идентифициране и тестване за чувствителност на бактериите, изолирани от животното. Официалните, националните и регионалните антимикробни политики трябва да се вземат под внимание при употребата на ветеринарния лекарствен продукт.
Употребата на продукта, отклоняваща се от инструкциите в кратката характеристика на продукта, може да увеличи разпространението на бактерии, резистентни към флорфеникол и може да намали ефикасността от лечението с амфениколи поради риск от кръстосана резистентност.
Специални предпазни мерки за лицата, прилагащи ветеринарния лекарствен продукт на животните:
Този ветеринарен лекарствен продукт може да причини свръхчувствителност (алергия). Хора с установена свръхчувствителност към флорфеникол, пропилен гликол или полиетилен гликоли трябва да избягват контакт с ветеринарния лекарствен продукт.
Лабораторните проучвания при зайци и плъхове с помощното вещество N-метил пиролидон са доказали фетотоксичност. Жените в детеродна възраст, бременните жени или жените, за които се предполага, че може да са бременни, трябва да прилагат ветеринарния лекарствен продукт с по-вишено внимание, за да избегнат случайно самоинжектиране.
Да се прилага с повишено внимание, за да се избегне случайно самоинжектиране. При случайно самоинжектиране, незабавно да се потърси медицински съвет, като на лекаря се предостави листовката или етикета на продукта.
Да се избягва контакт на ветеринарния лекарствен продукт с кожата или очите. При случаен контакт с кожата или очите, засегнатият участък незабавно да се изплакне с обилно количество чиста вода.
При проява на симптоми, като кожен обрив, след контакт с продукта, незабавно да се потърси медицински съвет, като на лекаря се предостави листовката или етикета на продукта. Измийте ръцете си след употреба.
Специални предпазни мерки за защита на околната среда:
Употребата на този ветеринарен лекарствен продукт може да представлява риск за сухоземните растения, цианобактериите и подземните организми.
3.6 Неблагоприятни реакции
Говеда:
1 Лекуваните животни се възстановяват бързо и напълно след прекратяване на лечението.
2 Може да продължи 14 дни.
Овце:
3 Лекуваните животни се възстановяват бързо и напълно след прекратяване на лечението.
4 Може да продължи до 28 дни. Обикновено те са леки и преходни.
Прасета:
5 40 ºC
6 Тези ефекти са наблюдавани при приблизително 30% от лекуваните прасета, свързани с умерена депресия или умерена диспнея седмица или повече след прилагане на втората доза.
7 Умерено
8 Тези ефекти могат да засегнат 50% от животните. Тези ефекти могат да се наблюдават в продължение на една седмица (преходни).
9 Може да се наблюдава до 5 дни.
10 Може да се наблюдава до 28 дни.
Съобщаването на неблагоприятни реакции е важно. Това позволява непрекъснат мониторинг на безопасността на ветеринарния лекарствен продукт. Съобщенията трябва да се изпращат, за предпочитане чрез ветеринарен лекар, или на притежателя на разрешението за търговия или на местния му представител, или на националния компетентен орган чрез националната система за съобщаване. За съответните данни за връзка вижте също точка 16 от листовката.
3.7 Употреба по време на бременност, лактация или яйценосене
Безопасността на ветеринарния лекарствен продукт не е доказана при говеда, овце и прасета по време на бременност, лактация или при животни, предназначени за разплод. Бременност и лактация:
Лабораторните проучвания при лабораторни животни не показват никакви доказателства за ембрио- или фетотоксичност. Лабораторните проучвания при зайци и плъхове с помощното вещество N-метил пиролидон са доказали фетотоксичност. Прилага се само след преценка полза/риск от отговорния ветеринарен лекар.
Заплодяемост:
Да не се използва при възрастни бикове, кочове и нерези, предназначени за разплод (виж т. 3.3).
3.8 Взаимодействие с други ветеринарни лекарствени продукти и други форми на взаимодействие
Не са известни.
3.9 Начин на приложение и дозировка
За интрамускулно и подкожно приложение при говеда. За интрамускулно приложение при овце и прасета.
За лечение
Говеда:
Интрамускулно приложение: 20 mg флорфеникол/kg телесна маса (еквивалентни на 1 ml от ветеринарния лекарствен продукт/15 kg телесна маса), приложен два пъти през интервал от 48 часа, като се използва игла с размер 16 G.
Подкожно приложение: 40 mg флорфеникол/kg телесна маса (еквивалентни на 2 ml от ветеринарния лекарствен продукт/15 kg телесна маса), приложени еднократно, като се използва игла с размер 16 G. Обемът на дозата, прилагана в което и да било място на инжектиране, не трябва да надвишава 10 ml.
Инжекцията трябва да се поставя само в областта на шията.
Овце:
20 mg флорфеникол/kg телесна маса (еквивалентни на 1 ml от ветеринарния лекарствен продукт/15 kg телесна маса) се прилагат ежедневно като интрамускулна инжекция, три последователни дни. Обемът, прилаган в мястото на инжектиране, не трябва да надвишава 4 ml.
Прасета:
15 mg флорфеникол/kg телесна маса (еквивалентни на 1 ml от ветеринарния лекарствен продукт/20 kg телесна маса) се прилагат чрез интрамускулна инжекция в областта на шията, два пъти през интервал от 48 часа, като се използва игла с размер 16 G.
Обемът, прилаган в мястото на инжектиране, не трябва да надвишава 3 ml.
При интрамускулно приложение се препоръчва животните да се лекуват в ранните етапи на заболяването и да се оцени отговорът на лечението в рамките на 48 часа след втората инжекция. Ако клиничните признаци на респираторното заболяване персистират 48 часа след последното инжектиране, лечението трябва да се промени, като се използва друга лекарствена форма или друг антибиотик и да продължи, докато клиничните признаци отшумят.
За метафилактика
Говеда:
Подкожно приложение: 40 mg флорфеникол/kg телесна маса (еквивалентно на 2 ml от ветеринарния лекарствен продукт/15 kg телесна маса), които се прилагат еднократно с помощта на игла с размер 16G. Обемът на дозата, приложена във всяко едно място за инжектиране, не трябва да надвишава 10 ml.
Инжекцията трябва да се поставя само в областта на шията.
Забършете запушалката, преди да изтеглите всяка доза. Използвайте суха стерилна игла и спринцовка.
За гарантиране на правилна дозировка телесната маса трябва да се определи възможно найточно.
Тъй като флаконът не трябва да се пробива повече от 25 пъти, потребителят трябва да избере най-подходящия размер на флакон в съответствие с видовете животни, които трябва да бъдат третирани. Когато се третират групи животни наведнъж, използвайте дренажна игла, която е поставена в запушалката на флакона, за да избегнете излишно многократно пробиване на запушалката. Дренажната игла трябва да се отстрани след третиране.
3.10 Симптоми на предозиране (и когато е приложимо — процедури на действие при спешни случаи и антидоти)
Говеда:
Не се наблюдават други симптоми, различни от описаните в точка 3.6.
Oвце:
Cлед прилагане на доза, трикратно по-висока от препоръчаната или по-висока, се наблюдава преходно понижаване на консумацията на храна и вода. Допълнително отбелязаните вторични ефекти включват повишена честота на летаргия, изтощение и омекване на изпражненията.
След прилагане на петкратно по-висока от препоръчаната доза е наблюдавано накланяне на главата, като се смята, че това най-вероятно се дължи на раздразнение в мястото на приложение.
Прасета:
Cлед прилагане на трикратно по-висока от препоръчаната доза или по-висока, са наблюдавани понижаване на приема на храна, на вода и наддаването на тегло.
След прилагане на доза, петкратно по-висока от препоръчаната или по-висока, е наблюдавано и повръщане.
3.11 Специални ограничения за употреба и специални условия за употреба, включително ограничения за употребата на антимикробни и противопаразитни ветеринарни лекарствени продукти, с цел да се ограничи рискът от развитие на резистентност
Не е приложимо.
3.12 Карентни срокове
Говеда:
Месо и вътрешни органи: при интрамускулно приложение: 30 дни.
при подкожно приложение: 44 дни.
Мляко:
Не се разрешава за употреба при животни, чието мляко е предназначено за консумация от хора. Да не се прилага при бременни животни, чието мляко е предназначено за консумация от хора.
Овце:
Месо и вътрешни органи: при интрамускулно приложение: 39 дни.
Мляко:
Не се разрешава за употреба при животни, чието мляко е предназначено за консумация от хора. Да не се прилага при бременни животни, чието мляко е предназначено за консумация от хора.
Прасета:
Месо и вътрешни органи: при интрамускулно приложение: 18 дни.
4. ФАРМАКОЛОГИЧНА ИНФОРМАЦИЯ
4.1 Ветеринарен лекарствен анатомо-терапевтичен код (ATCvet Code): QJ01BA90
4.2 Фармакодинамика
Флорфениколът е синтетичен широкоспектърен антибиотик, ефикасен срещу повечето Грамположителни и Грам-отрицателни бактерии, изолирани от домашните животни.
Флорфениколът действа чрез инхибиране на синтеза на протеини на рибозомно ниво и е бактериостатична субстанция. Лабораторните проучвания показват, че флорфениколът е активен срещу най-често изолираните бактериални патогени, свързани с респираторните заболявания при овцете и говедата, които включват Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida и за говеда - Histophilus somni.
Смята се, че флорфениколът е бактериостатична субстанция, но проучвания in vitro на флорфеникол показват бактерицидно действие срещу Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida и Histophilus somni.
Механизмите на резистентност към флорфеникола включват специфични и неспецифични лекарствени транспортери и РНК метилтрансферази. Като цяло, специфичните ефлуксни протеини осигуряват нива на резистентност, по-големи от тези на мултилекарствените ефлуксни протеини. Множество гени (включително floR генът) медиират комбинирана резистентност към флорфеникола. Резистентност към флорфеникола и други антимикробни субстанции е установена първо при плазмид на Photobacterium damselae подвид Piscida, а след това като част от хромозомен мултирезистентен генен клъстер при Salmonella enterica серовар Typhimurium и серовар Agona, но също и при мултирезистентни плазмиди на E. coli. Наблюдавана е ко-резистентност с трето поколение цефалоспорини при респираторни и храносмилателни E. coli.
За флорфеникол, при респираторни заболявания при говеда, за Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida и Histophilus somni CLSI граничните стойности (CLSI-2018) са: чувствителни ≤ 2 μg/ml, междинни 4 μg/ml и резистентни ≥ 8 μg/ml. За флорфеникол, при респираторни заболявания по свинете, за Pasteurella multocida CLSI граничните стойности (CLSI-2018) са: чувствителен ≤ 2 μg/ml, междинен 4 μg/ml и резистентен ≥ 8 μg/ml.
4.3 Фармакокинетика
Говеда:
Интрамускулното приложение в препоръчаната доза от 20 mg/kg поддържа ефикасни нива в кръвта при говеда за 48 часа. Средната максимална плазмена концентрация (Cmax) от 3.37 µg/ml се достига 3.3 часа (Tmax) след приложението. Средната плазмена концентрация 24 часа след приложението е била 0.77 µg/ml.
Подкожното приложение на продукта в препоръчаната доза от 40 mg/kg поддържа ефикасни нива в кръвта при говеда (т.е. над MIC90 на основните респираторни патогени) за 63 часа. Максималната плазмена концентрация (Cmax) от приблизително 5 µg/ml се получава приблизително 5.3 часа (Tmax) след приложението. Средната плазмена концентрация 24 часа след приложението е приблизително 2 µg/ml.
Хармонизираният среден полуживот на елиминиране е 18.3 часа.
Овце:
След първоначалното интрамускулно приложение на флорфеникол (20 mg/kg), средната максимална плазмена концентрация от 10.0 µg/ml е достигната след 1 час. След третото интрамускулно приложение максималната плазмена концентрация от 11.3 µg/ml е достигната след 1.5 часа. Полуживотът на елиминиране е изчислен на 13.76 ± 6.42 часа. Бионаличността е около 90%.
Прасета:
След еднократно интрамускулно приложение на флорфеникол, максимални плазмени концентрации между 3.8 и 13.6 µg/ml се достигат след 1.4 часа, а концентрациите намаляват със среден терминален полуживот от 3.6 часа. След второто интрамускулно приложение максимални плазмени концентрации между 3.7 и 3.8 µg/ml се достигат след 1.8 часа. Плазмените концентрации падат под 1 µg/ml, MIC90 за целевите патогени при свине, от 12 до 24 часа след интрамускулно приложение. Постигнатите концентрации на флорфеникол в белодробната тъкан отразяват плазмените концентрации, като съотношението на концентрацията бял дроб: плазма е приблизително 1.
След интрамускулно приложение при прасета флорфениколът се екскретира бързо, основно с урината. Флорфениколът се метаболизира в значителна степен.
5. ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИ ДАННИ
5.1 Основни несъвместимости
При липса на данни за съвместимост този ветеринарен лекарствен продукт не трябва да бъде смесван с други ветеринарни лекарствени продукти.
5.2 Срок на годност
Срок на годност на крайния ветеринарен лекарствен продукт: 2 години. Срок на годност след първо отваряне на първичната опаковка: 28 дни.
5.3 Специални условия за съхранение
Да се съхранява при температура под 30 ºC. Да не се замразява.
5.4 Вид и състав на първичната опаковка
Полипропиленов флакон от 100 ml, затворен с бромбутилова гумена запушалка и запечатан с алуминиева отчупваща се капачка или с алуминиева/пластмасова отчупваща се капачка. Полипропиленов флакон от 250 ml, затворен с бромбутилова гумена запушалка и запечатан с алуминиева/пластмасова отчупваща се капачка.
Размери на опаковката:
Картонена кутия, съдържаща 1 флакон от 100 ml.
Картонена кутия, съдържаща 1 флакон от 250 ml.
5.5 Специални мерки за унищожаване на неизползвани продукти или остатъци от тях
Ветеринарните лекарствени продукти не трябва да бъдат изхвърляни чрез отпадни води или битови отпадъци.
Ветеринарният лекарствен продукт не трябва да навлиза във водни басейни, тъй като флорфеникол може да бъде опасен за риби и други водни организми. Използвайте програми за връщане при унищожаването на неизползвани ветеринарни лекарствени продукти или остатъци от тях в съответствие с изискванията на местното законодателство и с всички национални системи за събиране, приложими за съответния ветеринарен лекарствен продукт.
6. ИМЕ ИНА ПРИТЕЖАТЕЛЯ НА РАЗРЕШЕНИЕТО ЗА ТЪРГОВИЯ
LIVISTO Int'l, S.L.
7. НОМЕР НА РАЗРЕШЕНИЕТО ЗА ТЪРГОВИЯ
0022-2727
8. ДАТА НА ПЪРВОТО ИЗДАВАНЕ НА РАЗРЕШЕНИЕТО ЗА ТЪРГОВИЯ
Дата на първото издаване на разрешението за търговия: 24/04/2017
9. ДАТА НА ПОСЛЕДНАТА РЕДАКЦИЯ НА КРАТКАТА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА НА ПРОДУКТА
05/2024
10. КЛАСИФИКАЦИЯ НА ВЕТЕРИНАРНИТЕ ЛЕКАРСТВЕНИ ПРОДУКТИ
Да се отпуска само по лекарско предписание.
Подробна информация за този ветеринарен лекарствен продукт може да намерите в базата данни на Съюза относно продуктите (https://medicines.health.europa.eu/veterinary).
X
Д-Р ВАЛЕНТИН АТАНАСОВ ЗАМЕСТНИК ИЗПЪЛНИТЕЛЕН ДИРЕКТОР
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A Savvy Strategy For Therapy, Entrepreneurs Section, MidWeek May 29, 2002 By Ann Botticelli
Nearly 300 people visit Total Fitness Physical Therapy every week, but they don't all go to the same location. The company founded by Russell K. Yamada boasts six small clinics all over Oahu, each staffed with a physical therapist and fully stocked with equipment and supplies.
It's a costly way to do business, but it's a savvy strategy: People who are recuperating from injuries or surgery prefer not to travel long distances for treatment. Yamada's "satellite" concept means they don't have to.
"I think what makes us unique is that we go where the people are," he says.
Yamada has been a practicing physical therapist since he graduated from Loma Linda University in 1988. Three years later he began supplementing his full-time job by working as an "independent contractor" with patients who had finished their regular rehabilitation. Without a clinic of his own, he met with patients in gyms around town.
By 1994 he had gone into business by himself full-time, providing physical therapy for a network of private physicians. In 1997, he opened his first clinic, in Waipahu.
"The Leeward side was where the market was good," Yamada explains. "And there was a lot of space for me to rent."
The clinic did a good business, and was followed by locations in Liliha, Pearl City, Ala Moana Center, McCully and Haleiwa (which opened last year and has seen a steady stream of professional surfers). Each of the "satellites" is open three days a week; Yamada handles the physical therapy at two of the clinics and uses independent contractors to handle business at the others.
Seven other employees serve as assistants and office staff, and Yamada keeps costs down by handling all the paperwork in one administrative office.
The industry has been challenged in the amount insurance programs will reimburse physical therapists. Yamada says the profit margins are so tight that businesses must have a large number of patients to survive. Referrals from satisfied customers have kept his volume high.
"I always tell my staff 'be genuine, treat each person like they're your only patient.' It goes a long way," Yamada says.
Just recently, word of mouth brought another opportunity. The day we spoke, Yamada was heading to Hilo to talk with physicians about expanding the Total Fitness orbit to include the Big Island.
"I always tell my staff that 'this is the last one,'" Yamada says. "But if opportunity knocks on the door, I'll check it out."
Total Fitness Physical Therapy, LLC
Business Office:
1650 Liliha Street, Suite 107
Honolulu, HI 96817
Phone 808-536-6117
Fax 808-587-7727
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Siegen, den 22.03.2019
Liebe Eltern, wir bieten Ferienbetreuung in den ersten beiden Wochen der Sommerferien 2019 an, also vom 15. bis 26. Juli.
Die Öffnungszeiten sind dann montags bis freitags in der Zeit von 8:00 Uhr bis 16:00
Uhr.
Unser Angebot richtet sich nicht nur an die Kinder der OGS Primarstufe (Offene Ganztagsschule Klasse 1 – 4), sondern an alle Schüler unserer Schule in den Klassenstufen 1 – 4. Analog zu der neuen Beitragsordnung für die OGS im kommenden Schuljahr, haben wir die Beträge gemäß der städtischen Satzung übernommen. Die Beitragstabelle finden Sie auf der Rückseite der Anmeldung.
Sollten nach dem Anmeldeschluss noch freie Plätze zur Verfügung stehen, informieren wir das Familienbüro und nehmen bis zur maximalen Anzahl schulfremde Kinder auf.
Auf der Rückseite finden Sie das Anmeldeformular, das Sie entsprechend Ihrem Bedarf bitte ausgefüllt und unterschrieben bis spätestens zum an das 31. Mai
Schulbüro zurückgeben. Das Formular steht auch als Download auf unserer Homepage www.waldorfschule-siegen.de unter Verwaltung/Formulare zur Verfügung.
Mit freundlichen Grüßen
Gudrun Spitz für das Betreuungsteam
Anmeldung Ferienbetreuung (für Schüler der RSS Siegen der Klassen 1 – 4)
Hiermit melde ich mein Kind / meine Kinder
(Name des Kindes / der Kinder und Klasse)
(Anschrift mit Tel.Nr.
und Angabe der Schule, falls nicht RSS)
für die Ferienbetreuung in der Rudolf Steiner Schule Siegen, Offene Ganztagsschule – Unterstufe, während der Zeit vom
O 15.07. – 19.07.2019
O 22.07. – 26.07.2019 verbindlich an. (Bitte ankreuzen.)
Die Öffnungszeiten während der Ferien sind 08:00 Uhr – 16:00 Uhr.
Für die Ferienbetreuung, Mittagsverpflegung und Material wird ein Gesamtbeitrag pro Woche und pro Kind gemäß der Beitragstabelle auf der Rückseite erhoben.
Bitte ihren Beitrag hier eintragen: ____________€
Der Beitrag wird eingezogen, sobald feststeht, ob eine Betreuung mit genügend Anmeldungen zustande kommt. Die unten anhängende Einzugsermächtigung gilt vollständig ausgefüllt und unterschrieben als Anmeldenachweis. Die Schulbusse fahren während der Ferien nicht.
SEPA-Lastschriftmandat
Rudolf Steiner Schule Siegen – Freie Waldorfschule e.V. Gläubiger-Identifikationsnummer DE63ZZZ00000547758
Ich ermächtige die Rudolf Steiner Schule Siegen – Freie Waldorfschule e.V. den Elternbeitrag zu den vereinbarten Fälligkeiten von meinem Konto mittels Lastschrift einzuziehen. Zugleich weise ich mein Kreditinstitut an, die von der Rudolf Steiner Schule Siegen – Freie Waldorfschule e.V. auf mein Konto gezogenen Lastschriften einzulösen. Hinweis: Ich kann innerhalb von acht Wochen, beginnend mit dem Belastungsdatum, die Erstattung des belasteten Betrages verlangen. Es gelten dabei die mit meinem Kreditinstitut vereinbarten Bedingungen.
Vorname und Name (Kontoinhaber)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|_ _ _
Kreditinstitut (Name und BIC)
D E _
IBAN
_|_ _ _ _|_ _ _ _|_ _ _ _|_ _ _ _|_ _
Siegen, den………………………… ………………………………………………………. Unterschrift/en des/der Erziehungsberechtigten
Ferienbetreuung
| Stufen | Einkommen | 1 Woche | 2 Wochen |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bis 20.000,00 € | 10,00 € | 20,00 € |
| 2 | bis 40.000,00 € | 20,00 € | 40,00 € |
| 3 | bis 60.000,00 € | 30,00 € | 60,00 € |
| 4 | bis 80.000,00 € | 40,00 € | 80,00 € |
| 5 | bis 90.000,00 € | 50,00 € | 100,00 € |
| 6 | bis 100.000,00 € | 60,00 € | 120,00 € |
| 7 | ab 100.000,00 € | 70,00 € | 140,00 € |
Geschwisterkinder
| Stufen | Einkommen | 1 Woche | 2 Wochen |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bis 20.000,00 € | 5,00 € | 10,00 € |
| 2 | bis 40.000,00 € | 10,00 € | 20,00 € |
| 3 | bis 60.000,00 € | 15,00 € | 30,00 € |
| 4 | bis 80.000,00 € | 20,00 € | 40,00 € |
| 5 | bis 90.000,00 € | 25,00 € | 50,00 € |
| 6 | bis 100.000,00 € | 30,00 € | 60,00 € |
| 7 | ab 100.000,00 € | 35,00 € | 70,00 € |
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/deu_Latn/train
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finepdfs
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Thermonuclear Driven Events
Michael Zingale (Stony Brook)
* Intersection of advanced computing and nuclear astro— where should it head?
* What are the open science questions?
* What computing resources are required?
Limitations of Current Simulations
* SNe Ia, XRBs, and Nova can be broken down into multiple phases
– Multiple codes are needed for each of piece of the puzzle
– Variety is necessity
* Need to work smarter, not just harder
– Full DNS of these events will always be out of reach (even at the exascale)
– Algorithm development must be hand-in-hand with hardware improvements.
Status of SNe Ia
* Current successes
– Chandra models explode now, although parameterized
– WD mergers: work under restrictive conditions. General is unsettled
– Sub-Ch: interesting, if anything, only a niche solution.
* What is the progenitor?
– Observations don't pin down single system
– Different codes needed for merger vs. convection in Chandra model.
– Initial conditions determined here—subsequent evolution follows
* Deflagation → detonation transition?
– Needed to match observations
– Turbulence likely key, but models now are all parameterized.
* Why the width-luminosity relationship in the lightcurve?
– Radiative transfer problem
–
Few codes up to the challenge of 3-d RT (none generally available)
Status of XRBs
* Current successes
– 1-d models can model multiple bursts with extensive networks
– 2-d shallow water simulations show importance of rotation
– No 3-d. 2-d vertical simulations still maturing.
* How does convection change the nucleosynthesis?
– Multi-d problem.
– Are ashes brought to the surface?
* Is ignition localized to one point? How does it spread?
– Lateral flame propagation is hard (resolution requirements put it out of reach for full star, 3-d). Sub-grid modeling?
*
As with SNe Ia, multiple different codes are needed to answer the full spectrum.
Status of Novae
* Current successes
– Long history of 1-d models
– 2-d (and some 3-d) studies over the past decade focus on the role of convection in mixing. Some disagreements, but perhaps explained by algorithmic differences.
– Not much focus on early evolution in multi-d
* How do we get the needed enrichment?
– Dredge up?
– Very difficult to model: C/O enrichment can depend on the preparation of the initial model (how sharp is the interface), and numerical diffusion across that interface—how do we know what's right?
* Modeling onset, accretion, common envelope evolution...
– Not much multi-dimensional progress
– Important in providing a full understanding of the event
– Again, multiple different codes are needed
NP Needs for the Exascale
* Existing codes scale well to O(10 5 ) processors using hybrid programming techniques (MPI + OpenMP)
* Need to use GPUs at the exascale
– Portable standards are needed (like OpenACC). We don't want to have to write custom code kernels for each architecture.
– Rate calculations (RHS, construction of Jacobian elements) a natural candidate for offloading
* Visualization
– Transition to runtime visualization necessary as datasets exceed 100s of TB.
* Training
– Summer schools to teach our students algoritms, parallel techniques, high performance computing
Collaborative Code Development
* Modern codes not built by a single investigator
– Need mechanisms to support interdisciplinary code teams.
– NP-funded people should not have to focus all their efforts on optimizing for exascale architectures.
– Need computational scientists / applied mathematicians onboard and involved in the scientific process. Stop reinventing the wheel.
* Community codes
– No code is perfect—they all make approximations and all have different strengths and weaknesses. Variety is key.
– Many existing codes apply to problems of interest to NP.
– Funding for support and maintainence of codes? Documentation lags.
* Funding typically comes for science results, not writing code
* Support is time consuming.
– How do we reward "inactivity" during development period?
* Code development can take years before first science results
Collaborative Code Development
* Community microphysics
– Helps comparisons between groups
– Expertise of code people differs from that of microphysics people
– Threadsafe, OpenACC, etc. need to be thought about from the start.
* Community Radiation Transfer
– Strongest link to observations
– Even basic capability is valuable
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Understanding "Hamlet"
Author(s): Lysander Kemp
Source: *College English*, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Oct., 1951), pp. 9-13
Published by: National Council of Teachers of English
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/372355
Accessed: 04/02/2011 18:39
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No masterpiece in our literature is subjected to so much scrutiny, and gives rise to so many theories and pronouncements, as Shakespeare's *Hamlet*. It has been "explained" as a case of the Oedipus complex and of the Orestes complex; it has been viewed in the crepuscular light of Elizabethan ideas of melancholy; it has been declared ultimately inexplicable because ultimately an artistic failure. But despite the labors of so many scholars, critics, and psychoanalysts, the problem of what happens in *Hamlet* has never been solved to the satisfaction of any majority of its readers.
It is rash to offer another interpretation—the interpretation, no less—in the face of a hundred distinguished failures. But the fact of the matter is, quite simply, that all the interpreters, without exception, have worked under a misunderstanding which is the direct cause of their failure. This misunderstanding, this false assumption, is that Claudius was guilty of the murder of his brother, King Hamlet. Claudius was not guilty of that murder. True, he used the occasion of his brother's death to acquire both his throne and his queen; and the latter acquisition was in those times incestuous, so that he was a sinner; but he was not a murderer. I repeat, he was not guilty of his brother's murder.
Preposterous? On the face of it, yes. But first let us consider the source of our information about King Hamlet's death. The source is, of course, the Ghost of the murdered king (for he was murdered). By his own open admission, King Hamlet was fast asleep in his orchard when the crime was perpetrated! He begins his story, told to Hamlet his son on the battlements of Elsinore, "Sleeping within my orchard," describes with what quicksilver rapidity the poison worked, and concludes,
Thus was I sleeping by a brother's hand
Of life, of crown, of queen at once dispatched.
It is obvious that a man killed in his sleep, even though he later has the power to return from the grave, is not the most reliable of witnesses, for the simple fact that he is not a witness but merely the oblivious victim. His story and his false accusation are so powerfully expressed, under such awesome circumstances, that his son believes him at the moment of telling. Moreover, the Prince is so profoundly horrified by the sinful and hasty marriage and the lack of proper mourning that he is ready to believe almost anything about his uncle and his mother. We are not in the same emotional state and should not permit ourselves to be convinced so easily.
Why, then, does the Ghost accuse his brother? The answer is not difficult: he is even more horrified than Hamlet by the behavior of Gertrude and Claudius; his pride is deeply wounded; and, quite understandably, his anger is great. He knows he was murdered, and it is easy to assume that his lecherous brother must have committed the crime. Perfectly reasonable—and perfectly mistaken. John Barrymore, who knew the play intimately from having performed it for so long, grew suspicious of the reliability of the Ghost, though he failed to carry his suspicions far enough. In *Good Night, Sweet Prince*, Fowler quotes him as saying:
The ghost, if I may be so impertinent as to have a personal opinion, actually is the God-damnedest bore since the ancient time when Job began to recite his catechism of clinical woes. Talks his head off. I am sure that Shakespeare modeled him after some unbearable bore back in Stratford, some town pest who got on everyone's nerves; the sort of stupid bastard whose wife was bound to cheat on him out of sheer ennui.
This is strongly stated; but in the main it is not unjust.
Before we go further, two other matters regarding Claudius' supposed guilt must be cleared up. The first is the apparent proof of his guilt in the play-within-a-play scene, when he convinces Hamlet that he is the murderer by rising and rushing out. The proof seems absolute to Hamlet, misled as he has been by the fictions of his father. It is fear, however, not guilt, which motivates Claudius here. He knows that Hamlet has behaved strangely and even dangerously for some time; he has attributed this to Hamlet's ambition to gain the throne that was snatched from him. Now, for the first time, Hamlet threatens him overtly. As Lucianus enters to pour the poison into the ear of the player-king, Hamlet remarks to Claudius, in words heavy with meaning, "This is one Lucianus, nephew to the king." Not brother, but nephew. Hamlet is nephew to Claudius; the nephew murders the player-king; therefore, Hamlet means to murder King Claudius. And although Claudius is a brave man, this open and crazy threat, following up on the many examples of what he earlier called Hamlet's "turbulent and dangerous lunacy," unsettles him so much that he bolts off the stage. The Prince is now sure and elated; he is nonetheless mistaken.
The other matter that seems to prove Claudius guilty is the prayer scene, when Hamlet, on his way to visit his mother, finds the King alone and in prayer. Before Hamlet enters we hear the King say,
O, my offence is rank, it smells to heaven;
It hath the primal eldest curse upon't,
A brother's murder.
This seems like a clear confession, substantiating beyond doubt the charge of the Ghost. But it is the only scene in the whole play which cannot, as it stands, be shown to substantiate, or at least to admit, the idea that Claudius was not the murderer; and the fact that it is the only such scene should make us suspicious of it. What happens if we move the stage direction, "Enter Hamlet," from the end of the King's soliloquy to the beginning? It will not be the first time that the text has been shuffled a bit. In discussing Hamlet's "Get thee to a nunnery" scene with Ophelia, Dover Wilson in *What Happens in Hamlet* asserts that in Act II, scene 2, Hamlet should enter as Polonius says "I'll loose my daughter to him," although the stage directions have him entering six lines later; whereas, in discussing the very same point, Dr. Frederic Wertham in *Dark Legend* not only asserts that the entrance cue is properly placed but that in the "nunnery" scene, contrary to stage tradition, Hamlet has no notion that he is being overheard. Therefore, let us take the very small liberty of suggesting that Hamlet enters at the *beginning* of the King's soliloquy. What happens is that
the scene gains in drama, in tension. Now that he has had time to think, Claudius has realized that Hamlet must have had more up his sleeve than a reckless and pointless threat; and remembering that Hamlet called the play his “Mouse-trap” and that King Hamlet died like the player-king in an orchard, he has rightly concluded that Hamlet thinks he murdered his own brother. Now, in the prayer scene, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern leave him, and then Polonius leaves him, and he is alone. At that moment, if we move up the stage direction, Hamlet enters with blood in his eye—the last words Hamlet spoke were:
Now could I drink hot blood,
And do such bitter business as the day
Would quake to look on.
True, these words were spoken regarding his mother, but Claudius has no way of knowing this. All he knows is that he is trapped alone with a bloodthirsty madman. Hamlet has not yet seen him. What shall he do? He is a quick-witted man: he drops to his knees, confesses to a murder he did not commit but which the madman *thinks* he committed, and pretends to pray forgiveness for his “crime.” And the device works: after one hideous moment of tension, in which Hamlet holds his sword aloft, Claudius is saved because the Prince decides to wait until later for his revenge. I submit that, although this reading of the scene requires some slight tampering with the text, it requires much less than any other of the many attempts to explain the play. I submit that an explanation which requires the least tampering is an explanation which most deserves careful consideration.
So much, then, for the innocence of King Claudius. The big question still remains: Who *was* the murderer? I ask the reader to give his attention to the final scene of the play and to these questions: Who, besides Fortinbras, is the only character of any significance to survive the holocaust? Who is the only living man able to give the world a version—his version—of what has been happening in Denmark? Who is the man who has been intrusted to inform Fortinbras that Hamlet named him for the throne? Who is the only man who may expect to have Fortinbras’ confidence and to be rewarded with a high post? Horatio! Yes, Horatio, the “friend” of Hamlet; he is top dog now among the Danes. Are we to believe, really and truly believe—though we have believed it for so long—that he came out top dog by accident? I think we are not. I think we are not, simply because Horatio killed King Hamlet.
Preposterous? Again, on the face of it, yes. But preposterous only because we have been misreading the play for so long. First, what was the motive? The motive was to achieve high station in Denmark by killing Hamlet’s father so that his good friend would become king; in other words, the motive was ambition. Is this a preposterous motive? Second, how did he commit the crime? He committed it exactly as the Ghost narrated—the poor Ghost was correct in every fact but the identity of his slayer. From that point on, Horatio could manipulate events very little, but he had created a situation which in the end played directly into his hands—his “good friend” Hamlet was dead but his new friend Fortinbras would satisfy his ambition.
It is not my intent to go into great detail to substantiate these statements. I wish only to point out a few items of fact that will show them true. The first is the fact that, although we are led to believe that Hamlet and Horatio were
both at Wittenberg for quite some time prior to the news of King Hamlet’s death, Hamlet is not quick to recognize Horatio in Act I, scene 2. Horatio, entering with Marcellus and Bernardo, cries, “Hail to your lordship!” Hamlet answers abstractedly, “I am glad to see you well.” Then, recognizing him, he says, “Horatio—” but adds “or I do forget myself.” And Horatio has to assure him, “The same, my lord, and your poor servant ever.” There is reason here to believe that Hamlet has not seen Horatio for a somewhat longer period than the few weeks since the King’s death. We have every right to believe that Horatio absented himself from Wittenberg quite some time earlier, to plot and to execute King Hamlet’s death. How else can we explain the near-miss in recognition? Then there is the item of Horatio’s attitude toward the Ghost. In Scene I of the play he refuses to believe that the Ghost exists—of course, of course . . . because, if the Ghost exists, it may know who committed the murder and may reveal the murderer. That is, it may accuse Horatio himself. No wonder he indulges in wishful thinking; no wonder he pooh-poohs the stolid and unimaginative soldiers who declared they saw it. Then, when he sees it himself, he says, “It harrows me with fear and wonder,” and we now know what he is wondering and what he fears. Moreover, he is under the painful necessity of informing Hamlet that the Ghost of his father has appeared at Elsinore. If he refuses to tell him, Marcellus will tell him anyhow, and the refusal will give added weight to what he fears the Ghost is going to say. But the situation is not hopeless—for one thing, he can attempt to convince Hamlet that the Ghost is an evil spirit. Out on the battlement he says to Hamlet:
What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord,
Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff
That beetles o’er his base into the sea,
And there assumes some other horrible form,
Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason,
And draw you into madness? think of it. . . .
If, however, Hamlet does speak with the Ghost, and the Ghost does reveal his true slayer, Horatio may then claim that Hamlet has lost his mind. He tries to restrain Hamlet physically but fails; the Prince will talk with the Ghost. Therefore, Horatio motions the soldiers to follow, saying, “He waxes desperate with imagination.” And when Hamlet returns from the interview and speaks excitedly, Horatio says, “These are but wild and whirling words, my lord.” He is ready for the worst. Hamlet, however, gives no indication at that moment of what the Ghost has said, and so Horatio keeps mum and bides his time. Shortly he is informed by Hamlet that the Ghost said Claudius was the murderer. He breathes a sigh, not only of relief, but also of joy. His plan to put Hamlet on the throne and reap the benefits has gone askew with Claudius’ usurpation, but the Ghost’s befuddled version of the murder has put affairs back on the right track again: Hamlet now means to kill Claudius and take the throne, and Horatio can still win out. He has only to wait—to help Hamlet, encourage him to kill the king, and ultimately accept the rewards due a loyal “friend.” At the very end, matters work out somewhat differently, for Hamlet too is killed. But Horatio has established himself so firmly that he may expect as much from Fortinbras as from the Prince; his wicked ambition will soon be achieved.
With these facts in mind, and with the notion that Claudius is the murderer
eradicated, we may now see how the events of the play fall readily into place. We no longer have to ask, “What happens in Hamlet?” Above all, we no longer have to puzzle over Hamlet’s behavior or to wrestle with Freudian and other theories, for the Prince’s delays and inconsistencies are now easily explicable. He seems to have utter proof of Claudius’ guilt, but it is from sources that will not stand up in any court. For example, you cannot hail a Ghost before the judge. Hamlet quite justifiably becomes suspicious of the Ghost’s story. Very well, he will test it—and does so in the play-within-a-play. But even after that “proof” he is still, at least subconsciously, in doubt: even when Claudius, in self-defense, is trying to do away with him, Hamlet is not wholly sure. He asks Horatio, in the very last scene of the play, if it is not now “perfect conscience” to kill the king. He could not ask this question if, deep inside, he did not harbor a doubt, an uncertainty. Thus Hamlet’s delays are clearly explained by the conflict between the apparent facts, which are not facts at all, and the promptings of his instincts or soul or subconscious, which are right. And the simplicity of the explanation is the measure of its superiority to the ingenious and fanciful theories hitherto proffered.
A final word: Although the play seems most depressing if read in this way—the hero dead because he operated under a delusion, the villain triumphant and ready to take the spoils of triumph—we must shun the compulsive desire for a happy ending, or at least an ending in which evil is roundly punished. The Hollywood movies, of which we have all seen too many, invariably punish the villain at the end. In life, unfortunately, it is not always so. Shakespeare was too great an artist to pretend that it is.
The Romantic Unity of “Kubla Khan”
RICHARD HARTER FOGLE
In his valuable book on Keats’ Craftsmanship, M. R. Ridley has cited Kubla Khan along with the “magic casements” passage of Keats’s “Nightingale” ode as the very essence of “the distilled sorceries of Romanticism,” and his statement is more or less typical. This concept of “romantic magic” has its sanction and is by no means to be discarded as pointless. In practice, however, it has had the unfortunate effect of discouraging critical analysis; and it likewise plays into the hands of those of our contemporaries who incline to look upon Romantic poetry as a kind of moonlit mist, which dissolves at the touch of reality and reason.
The fascinating but uncritical study of Lowes, with its emphasis upon the irrational and the unconscious, and its untiring quest for sources, has had an equally unfortunate and discouraging influence. Only recently, with the work of Elisabeth Schneider and others who have pointed the way, has it become possible to think of Kubla Khan as other than a kind of magnificent freak and to treat it as an intelligible poem which lies open to critical examination. And the influence of Lowes still imposes upon
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Medlemsudsendelse
Organisationsudsendelse
Til
KTO's medlemsorganisationer
J.nr.: 9.07.01-04
VP
Direkte tlf.nr.: 3347 0626
1. november 2004
Vedr.: Statistisk rapport om kønsmæssige lønforskelle mellem den private og den (amts)kommunale sektor
Ved OK-02 blev det besluttet at iværksætte et statistisk projekt om ligeløn (jf. KTO-forliget 2002, bilag 9). Ifølge projektbeskrivelsen er formålet med projektet bl.a. "at udarbejde en rapport, som med et statistisk udgangspunkt belyser løndannelsen, herunder kønsmæssige lønforskelle mellem den private sektor og den (amts)kommunale sektor.".
Projektgruppen har nu færdiggjort den vedlagte rapport "Statistisk projekt om kønsmæssige lønforskelle i den private og den (amts)kommunale sektor".
Rapporten er en statistisk beskrivelse af kønsmæssige lønforskelle i de to sektorer i 2002. I rapporten beskrives derudover også de køns- og sektormæssige lønforskelle i grupper, som har samme karakteristika. Følgende karakteristika er beskrevet: Uddannelse, Arbejdsfunktioner, Alder, Branche og Arbejdsstedets geografiske placering. Således beskrives f.eks. kønsmæssige lønforskelle i gruppen af ansatte i henholdsvis den (amts)kommunale og den private sektor, som har kontorarbejde. Den valgte metode medfører, at lønforskellene beskrives, men de forklares ikke. Hovedresultaterne er beskrevet i rapportens sammenfatning.
Den statistiske beskrivelse i rapporten baserer sig på data produceret af Danmarks Statistik. Med henblik på at kunne udarbejde de meget detaljerede fordelinger af populationerne i den (amts)kommunale og den private sektor, har det været nødvendigt at danne sammenlignelige populationer. Det er derfor ikke direkte overensstemmelse mellem løn-data, som Danmarks Statistik i øvrigt har offentliggjort, og som de fremgår i denne rapport.
Rapporten viser bl.a., at kvindernes andel af mændenes løn er ca. 83 % i såvel den (amts)kommunale sektor, som i den private sektor. Såfremt yderligere faktorer, som uddannelse eller alder, inddrages i den statistiske beskrivelse, således at det er mere homogene grupper, som sammenlignes, så stiger kvindernes andel af mændenes løn typisk. Dette er dog kun typisk for den (amts)kommunale sektor, i den private sektor er der ikke samme entydighed.
Rapporten er hermed udsendt i et eksemplar til hver af organisationerne. Den vil ikke kunne bestilles i yderligere trykte eksemplarer. Derimod offentliggøres rapporten den 2. november 2004 på www.personaleweb.dk , hvorfra det vil være muligt at downloade den i pdf-format. På hjemmesiden vil der også være adgang til tabellerne i excel-format, således at den enkelte organisation kan finde de oplysninger, som er relevante for den pågældende organisation, og således at der er mulighed for at arbejde videre med data.
http://www.kto.dk
I forbindelse med projektet er der udarbejdet nogle supplerende tabeller, som af overskuelighedshensyn ikke er inddraget i rapporten. På www.personaleweb.dk er der ligeledes adgang til disse supplerende tabeller i excel-format. er vedlagt.Bilagsoversigten over de supplerende tabeller
Med venlig hilsen
Jørgen Holst
Vibeke Pedersen
Bilag til denne udsendelse:
Link til denne udsendelse hos www.kto.dk
/udsendelser/2004/11-november/01-statistisk-rapport-om-koensmaessige-loenforskelle-mellem-den-privat-og-den-
(amts)kommunale-sektor.aspx
Kontakt KTO
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ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ
ΝΟΜΟΣ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ
ΔΗΜΟΣ ΑΜΠΕΛΟΚΗΠΩΝ- ΜΕΝΕΜΕΝΗΣ
ΔΙΕΥΘΥΝΣΗ ΤΕΧΝΙΚΩΝ ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΩΝ ΠΟΛΕΟΔΟΜΙΑΣ-ΚΑΘΑΡΙΟΤΗΤΑΣ & ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΝΤΟΣ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΠΡΑΣΙΝΟΥ
ΤΕΧΝΙΚΗ ΕΚΘΕΣΗ
============================
ΤΕΧΝΙΚΗ ΕΚΘΕΣΗ
Η παρούσα μελέτη με τον τίτλο: «Μυοκτονία – Κουνουποκτονία - Καταπολέμηση επιβλαβών εντόμων» (αριθμ. μελέτης: 8/2021), προϋπολογισμού 24.747,92 ΕΥΡΩ με το ΦΠΑ, αφορά την ολοκληρωμένη καταπολέμηση των τρωκτικών και των επιβλαβών εντόμων (όπως κατσαρίδες, ψύλλοι, κοριοί, τσιμπούρια, χιλιοποδαρούσες, κουνούπια, πιτυοκάμπη κ.α.) καθώς και την απολύμανση κλειστών χώρων (δημοτικών κτιρίων, σχολείων, κλειστών αθλητικών χώρων κ.λ.π.), όπου και όταν αυτό κριθεί σκόπιμο και αναγκαίο (για παράδειγμα στην περίπτωση εμφάνισης κρούσματος μηνιγγίτιδας ή COVID-19 σε κάποια σχολική μονάδα κ.α.), στα διοικητικά όρια του Δήμου Αμπελοκήπων – Μενεμένης.
Βάση της μελέτης θα εκτελεστούν οι εργασίες:
- μυοκτονίας:
- απεντόμωσης κι απολύμανσης σε
- δημοτικά κτίρια
- σχολικά συγκροτήματα (όλων των βαθμίδων εκπαίδευσης)
- βρεφονηπιακοί σταθμοί και παιδικοί σταθμοί και.
- σε ελεύθερους υπαίθριους δημοτικούς χώρους
σε ολόκληρο το Δήμο κι ιδιαίτερα σε ορισμένα σημεία, όπως:
- φρεάτια όμβριων υδάτων
- εγκαταλελειμμένα κτίρια
- ηλεκτρολογικά φρεάτια
- Δημοτικά κτίρια και
- ελεύθερα οικόπεδα και πάρκα
- κοινόχρηστοι χώροι των παραπάνω
όπου παρουσιάζεται έντονα το πρόβλημα της εμφάνισης των τρωκτικών κι εντόμων και αυτό της ύπαρξης δυσάρεστων οσμών. Είναι γνωστό ότι η παρουσία των τρωκτικών κι εντόμων εγκυμονεί σοβαρούς κινδύνους για τη δημόσια υγεία.
Για τον έλεγχο του πληθυσμού των τρωκτικών κι εντόμων απαιτείται η εφαρμογή ενός ολοκληρωμένου προγράμματος καταπολέμησής τους. Οι εργασίες που πρόκειται να εκτελεστούν, βάσει και της εμπειρίας που έχουμε αποκομίσει από την εφαρμογή των ολοκληρωμένων προγραμμάτων καταπολέμησής των τα τελευταία χρόνια, είναι γενικά οι εργασίες:
- καταγραφής
- εντοπισμού
- αποτύπωσης σε χαρτογραφικά υπόβαθρα
- ελέγχου
- καταστολής και
και ειδικότερα
1. ο συστηματικός έλεγχος, η τακτική τοποθέτηση και η αντικατάσταση των:
1.1 δολωμάτων σε φρεάτια όμβριων υδάτων και σε ηλεκτρολογικά φρεάτια
1.2 δολωματικών σταθμών:
1.2.1 σε Δημοτικά κτίρια και κοινόχρηστους χώρους αυτών
1.2.2 σε σχολικές μονάδες
1.2.3 στο Αμαξοστάσιο και
1.2.4 σε εγκαταλελειμμένα κτίρια
2. η δόλωση οπών των τρωκτικών σε ελεύθερα οικόπεδα και πάρκα καθώς και όπου αλλού παρατηρηθούν(για παράδειγμα τοπικά σε δενδροδόχους δενδροστοιχιών)
3. εργασίες ελέγχου και καταπολέμησης κουνουπιών στις εστίες αναπαραγωγής τους
4. εργασίες καταπολέμησης του εντόμου της πιτυοκάμπης σε δενδρύλλια πεύκης
Επίσης, επρόκειτο να γίνουν:
- η υποβολή ενδιάμεσης έκθεσης πεπραγμένων για κάθε υποέργο
- οι εργασίες καταστολής έκτακτων προβλημάτων όπου απαιτηθεί σε χώρους και κτίρια εντός των διοικητικών ορίων του Δήμου αμπελοκήπων-Μενεμένης
- η υποβολή τελικής αναφοράς με ταυτόχρονη υποβολή χαρτογραφικού υπόβαθρου για κάθε υποέργο
όπου θα γίνεται η εκτίμηση κι η αξιολόγηση των προβλημάτων ανά περιοχή και πρόταση της ολοκληρωμένης αντιμετώπισης των προβλημάτων.
Πιο συγκεκριμένα για το υποέργο της μυοκτονίας-απεντόμωσης και καταπολέμησης επιβλαβών εντόμων θα:
1. γίνουν εφαρμογές μυοκτονίας ήτοι η τακτική δόλωση των φρεατίων ομβρίων υδάτων σε ολόκληρο το Δήμο, καθώς και η συστηματική παρακολούθηση των αγωγών ηλεκτροδότησης και η δόλωση των πίλαρ και των ηλεκτρολογικών φρεατίων κατά προτεραιότητα στις οδούς Ελ. Βενιζέλου, Ζωοδόχου Πηγής, Κατσάνου και Λεωφ. Καλλιθέας αλλά κι όπου αλλού διαπιστωθεί η ύπαρξη τρωκτικών
2. υπάρξει συνεχής προστασία από τα τρωκτικά κι έρποντα έντομα στις δημοτικές εγκαταστάσεις (δημοτικά κτίρια, σχολικές μονάδες, γυμναστήρια κ.α. στο σύνολό τους) όπως κι η αντιμετώπιση των αναγκών της μικροβιακής απολύμανσης, εφόσον απαιτηθεί
3. αναπτυχθεί το δίκτυο της μυοκτονίας με την τοποθέτηση και την παρακολούθηση των δολωματικών σταθμών ασφαλείας σε επιλεγμένες θέσεις για την προστασία δημοτικών κτιρίων (Δημαρχιακό Μέγαρο, Τεχνική Υπηρεσία, Κ.Ε.Π., Δημοτική Βιβλιοθήκη, Κ.Α.Π.Η., ΔΕΠΚΑΑ, Πνευματικό Κέντρο, Δημοτικό Ωδείο, Δημοτικό Στάδιο, Ε.Α.Κ., κλειστά γυμναστήρια, Πολιτιστικό Κέντρο, Πολύκεντρο κ.α.), δόλωση οπών σε ελεύθερους ανοικτούς χώρους και σε άλλες θέσεις παρουσίας των τρωκτικών (π.χ. οι αστικές περιοχές: οδών Γεννηματά, Αδριανουπούλεως, Δαβάκη - Εργατικές Κατοικίες, Ρόδων με Αγ. Παρασκευής κι Αγ. Πάντων, κατά μήκος της οδού Έλλης Αλεξίου, στο συνοικισμό Άγιος Νεκτάριος, περιμετρικά της Κεντρικής Λαχαναγοράς, δημοτικά ελεύθερα οικόπεδα εκτός σχεδίου πόλης που γειτνιάζουν με ιδιωτικές επιχειρήσεις, ελεύθερους χώρους πλησίον στραγγιστικών τάφρων και καναλιών που γειτνιάζουν με οικισμούς όπως αυτός της Αγίας Βαρβάρας).
4. γίνουν εργασίες εντοπισμού, καταγραφής και συστηματικής παρακολούθησης των κρίσιμων θέσεων σε:
- σχάρες όμβριων υδάτων
- τμήματα του αποχετευτικού δικτύου
- εγκαταλελειμμένα οικόπεδα
- χώρους συγκέντρωσης λυμάτων και απορριμμάτων
- πάρκα.
- περιοχές έντονης αστικής δραστηριότητας κλπ
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5. υπάρχει μέριμνα για τη συνεχή προστασία των δημοτικών εγκαταστάσεων και των σχολικών μονάδων από τα τρωκτικά και τα έρποντα έντομα (κατσαρίδες, σαρανταποδαρούσες χιλιοποδαρούσες, μυρμήγκια κ.α.), καθώς και εφαρμογή μικροβιακής απολύμανσης όπου κι όταν απαιτηθεί.
Για το υποέργο του ελέγχου και της καταπολέμησης κουνουπιών θα γίνει:
1. ο εντοπισμός των τοπικών σημαντικών, μικρών και μεγάλων, εστιών αναπαραγωγής κουνουπιών στα όρια του Δήμου. Ως εστίες νοούνται θέσεις μόνιμης ή παροδικής κατάκλισης, που συγκεντρώνουν χαρακτηριστικά εν δυνάμει εστιών παραγωγής κουνουπιών.
2. η τοποθέτηση των εστιών επί χαρτογραφικών υποβάθρων και η σύνδεση με βάση δεδομένων όπου καταγράφονται τα ευρήματα και το ιστορικό παρουσίας προνυμφών.
3. η οικολογική χαρτογράφηση φυσικού συστήματος στα όρια του πρώην Δήμου Μενεμένης
4. η καταγραφή των φρεατίων όμβριων υδάτων
5. ο εβδομαδιαίος έλεγχος των εστιών αναπαραγωγής κουνουπιών στο φυσικό, περιαστικό κι αστικό σύστημα του Δήμου και η καταγραφή παρουσίας προνυμφών μέσω δειγματοληψιών, ανά γένος – προνυμφικό στάδιο και διαβάθμιση της πληθυσμιακής πυκνότητας.
6. η εφαρμογή ψεκαστικών παρεμβάσεων σε εστίες στο φυσικό, περιαστικό κι αστικό σύστημα όπου έχουν εντοπισθεί προηγουμένως προνύμφες.
7. η τοποθέτηση παγίδων σύλληψης ακμαίων με χρήση προσελκυστικού διοξειδίου του άνθρακα σε κρίσιμες θέσεις ανά δεκαπενθήμερο, η συλλογή κουνουπιών και η ταυτοποίηση τους σε επίπεδο γένους.
8. η συγκέντρωση στοιχείων που αφορούν την εκτίμηση κινδύνου εμφάνισης νόσου μεταδιδόμενης από κουνούπια. Αυτή θα πρέπει να περιλαμβάνει τη δυνατότητα ανίχνευσης αντισωμάτων έναντι του ιού του Δυτικού Νείλου σε πτηνά δείκτες, καθώς και την εξέταση κουνουπιών για την παρουσία αρμποϊών.
9. η τοποθέτηση περίπου 10 παγίδων ωοαπόθεσης και η συλλογή αυγών ανά εβδομάδα για την παρακολούθηση της διακύμανσης του πληθυσμού του Aedes albopictus.
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Τέλος, για το υποέργο καταπολέμησης του εντόμου της πιτυοκάμπης με βιολογικά σκευάσματα θα γίνει η καταπολέμηση του εντόμου της πιτυοκάμπης σε διακόσια εβδομήντα οκτώ (278) δενδρύλλια πεύκης υπάρχοντα σε αλσύλλια πεύκων (όπως αυτά στο Στρατόπεδο «Μέγας Αλέξανδρος» και στα πάρκα των εργατικών κατοικιών), σε δενδροστοιχίες και πάρκα του Δήμου Αμπελοκήπων-Μενεμένης, καθώς και σε σχολικές αυλές και παιδικές χαρές. Το έντομο της πιτυοκάμπης (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) προσβάλλει τα πεύκα κι η μη καταπολέμησή της έχει ως συνέπεια την πληθυσμιακή της αύξηση σε υψηλά επίπεδα.
Η δράση της επιφέρει τις παρακάτω αρνητικές συνέπειες:
- Το φάγωμα των βελόνων που προκαλεί την αποδυνάμωση των πεύκων καθιστώντας τα ευάλωτα σε άλλους εχθρούς με αποτέλεσμα τη μείωση της ανάπτυξής τους και την πιθανή νέκρωσή τους.
- Την πρόκληση αλλεργικών παθήσεων στους επισκέπτες των χώρων των δενδρυλλίων πεύκης.
- Τη δημιουργία αντιαισθητικής εικόνας από τα αποφυλλωμένα γυμνά κλαδιά με τις πολυάριθμες φωλιές.
- Τη μείωση ή και τη στέρηση ακόμη των πολλαπλών αγαθών και υπηρεσιών που προσφέρουν.
Για όλους τους παραπάνω λόγους το Δασαρχείο Θεσσαλονίκης, συνιστά με σχετικά του έγγραφα, την εκτέλεση των εργασιών για την καταπολέμηση του εντόμου.
Για την καταπολέμησή του συνίστανται επίγειοι ψεκασμοί με τη χρήση εξειδικευμένων βιολογικών σκευασμάτων (με δραστική ουσία το Baccilus thurigiensis), τα οποία είναι ακίνδυνα για τα τέλεια έντομα, για ζώα κι ανθρώπους, φιλικά προς το περιβάλλον και δεν εγκυμονούν κινδύνους για τη δημόσια υγεία. Η επέμβαση θα γίνεται με καλές καιρικές συνθήκες και στο χρονικό διάστημα από τα μέσα του Οκτωβρίου έως και τα τέλη του Νοεμβρίου του τρέχοντος έτους.
Για όλες τις προαναφερόμενες περιγραφείσες δράσεις υποβάλλεται ολοκληρωμένη έκθεση των πεπραγμένων με την ολοκλήρωση του έργου, με τεκμηριωμένη εκτίμηση των προβλημάτων και προτάσεις για την αντιμετώπισή τους.
Επίσης, κρίνεται σκόπιμο να υπάρχει η ανταπόκριση της αναδόχου εταιρείας σε κλήσεις δημοτών για την αντιμετώπιση των κατά τόπους προβλημάτων από την παρουσία των τρωκτικών και εντόμων, καθώς και να λειτουργεί, για τον σκοπό αυτό, μια ανοικτή τηλεφωνική γραμμή για την εξυπηρέτηση των δημοτών, χωρίς χρέωση (800…) η οποία θα γνωστοποιηθεί στους δημότες προκειμένου αυτοί να ενημερώνουν για την ύπαρξη τοπικών προβλημάτων, τα οποία θα οδηγήσουν στη βελτίωση του έργου. Οι μαρτυρίες θα καταγράφονται και θα τίθενται υπόψη του Δήμου. Στη συνέχεια η ανάδοχος εταιρεία θα ενημερώνει την αρμόδια υπηρεσία του Δήμου για τις κατασταλτικές ενέργειες που θα απαιτηθούν και θα προβαίνει στην εκτέλεσή τους μετά από τη σχετική έγκριση.
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Οι υποψήφιοι ανάδοχοι θα πρέπει να καταθέσουν μια ολοκληρωμένη πρόταση για την εκτέλεση του έργου στο σύνολό του (δηλαδή ολοκληρωμένη και λεπτομερή τεχνική προσφορά) που θα κριθεί και θα αξιολογηθεί από το Δήμο Αμπελοκήπων-Μενεμένης προκειμένου να γίνει αποδεκτή. Η τεχνική περιγραφή του έργου θα πρέπει να είναι σαφής και θα περιλαμβάνει όλα τα προαναφερόμενα διαφορετικά δε θα γίνεται αποδεκτή.
Οι ενδιαφερόμενοι θα πρέπει να υποβάλουν μια προσφορά, η οποία θα αφορά την εκτέλεση του συνόλου και όχι επιμέρους τμημάτων των εργασιών που περιγράφονται στην Τεχνική Έκθεση και τον Προϋπολογισμό της μελέτης, στην οποία θα τεκμηριώνονται επί ποινή αποκλεισμού τα παρακάτω:
1. Επιστημονική επάρκεια
Απαιτείται άδεια του Υπουργείου Αγροτικής Ανάπτυξης και Τροφίμων για καταπολέμηση τρωκτικών και εντόμων σε κατοικημένες περιοχές. Στην άδεια θα πρέπει να περιλαμβάνονται
τουλάχιστον δύο υπεύθυνοι επιστήμονες, προκειμένου να παρευρίσκονται κατά τις πραγματοποιούμενες εφαρμογές.
Απαιτείται η στελέχωση από επιστήμονες που να έχουν αποδεδειγμένη εμπειρία σε έργα καταπολέμησης κουνουπιών και γνώση εκτέλεσης των επιμέρους τμημάτων του έργου και ιδιαίτερα:
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1.1. οικολογικής χαρτογράφησης εστιών αναπαραγωγής κουνουπιών
1.2. ταυτοποίηση προνυμφών κι ακμαίων σε επίπεδο είδους,
1.3. αναγνώριση αυγών.
1.4. συλλογή δεδομένων και εκτίμηση του κινδύνου εμφάνισης νόσων
2. Πιστοποιητικά
Συστήματος διασφάλισης ποιότητας για υπηρεσίες διαχείρισης παρασίτων, Υγιεινής και Ασφάλειας και Περιβαλλοντικής διαχείρισης (ISO 9001:2000, ISO 1801:2008 και ISO 14001:2009)
3. Εμπειρία στο αντικείμενο
Απαιτείται η εμπειρία επιτυχούς εκτέλεσης έργων καταπολέμησης τρωκτικών σε επίπεδο δήμου, καθώς και έργων καταπολέμησης κουνουπιών σε επίπεδο Δήμου και κατ' ελάχιστο σε ένα έργο που να αφορά παρακολούθηση και έργων καταπολέμησης του εντόμου της πιτυοκάμπης. Θα πρέπει να κατατεθεί πελατολόγιο, σχετικές συμβάσεις και βεβαιώσεις καλής εκτέλεσης.
4. Επιχειρησιακή επάρκεια
Απαιτούνται κατ' ελάχιστο τρεις έμπειροι τεχνικοί που θα έχουν σχέση μόνιμης εργασίας με τον υποψήφιο. Να κατατεθούν τα σχετικά αποδεικτικά από δημόσιο φορέα (επιθεώρηση εργασίας ή ΙΚΑ)
5. Απαραίτητος εξοπλισμός
Θα πρέπει να περιλαμβάνεται τροχήλατο ψεκαστικό σύστημα, εποχούμενο σε φορτηγό όχημα. Να κατατεθούν τα σχετικά αποδεικτικά περί της κτήσης αυτών
6. Δυνατότητα της χρήσης του συστήματος GIS
για την αποτύπωση σε χαρτογραφικά υπόβαθρα των δειγματοληπτικών σταθμών, των δειγματοληπτικών σταθμών, παγίδων, δολωματικών παγίδων, θέσεων αναπαραγωγής και κρίσιμων θέσεων παρακολούθησης όπως και τη σύνδεσή τους με τη βάση δεδομένων για την καταγραφή των ευρημάτων. Να κατατεθούν τα σχετικά αποδεικτικά
7. Δυνατότητα της επικοινωνίας με τους δημότες
Θα πρέπει να διατίθεται μια γραμμή επικοινωνίας χωρίς χρέωση (800….) η οποία θα γνωστοποιηθεί στους δημότες προκειμένου να ενημερώνουν το Δήμο για την ύπαρξη των προβλημάτων. Να κατατεθεί ο αριθμός κλήσης.
Το πρόβλημα του ελέγχου του πληθυσμού των τρωκτικών και των επιβλαβών εντόμων αποτελεί ένα σπουδαίο πρόβλημα και η επιτυχής ή μη αντιμετώπισή του σχετίζεται άμεσα με τη Δημόσια Υγεία.
Το σύνολο των παραπάνω εργασιών απαιτούν εμπειρία, εξειδίκευση, κατάλληλα εκπαιδευμένο προσωπικό και κατάλληλο εξοπλισμό. Ο Δήμος Αμπελοκήπων – Μενεμένης δε διαθέτει τα κατάλληλα μηχανήματα κι υλικά, καθώς επίσης και την απαιτούμενη άδεια από το Υπουργείο Αγροτικής Ανάπτυξης και Τροφίμων για την έντεχνη και χωρίς προβλήματα εκτέλεση των παραπάνω εργασιών, για αυτό είναι επιβεβλημένη η ανάθεση του παραπάνω έργου σε ανάδοχο, εξειδικευμένη εταιρεία.
Η ανάδοχος εταιρεία θα πρέπει να εφαρμόζει τις κατάλληλες, από τεχνική άποψη, και σύμφωνες με την κείμενη νομοθεσία διαδικασίες και καλές πρακτικές κατά την εκτέλεση των εργασιών φυτοπροστασίας.
απολύμανσης, διαχείρισης παρασίτων και καταπολέμησης τρωκτικών και επιβλαβών εντόμων στο αστικό περιβάλλον. Πιο συγκεκριμένα:
* Αναλαμβάνει την υποχρέωση για την προστασία περιοίκων και κατοίκων αγροτικών περιοχών, η οποία εμπεριέχεται σε διάφορα άρθρα της Κοινοτικής Οδηγίας 2009/128/ΕΚ που αφορά στην ορθολογική χρήση γεωργικών φαρμάκων. Ειδικότερα με βάση το αρ.12, τα Κράτη Μέλη οφείλουν να μεριμνούν για την ελαχιστοποίηση ή απαγόρευση στη χρήση γεωργικών φαρμάκων σε <<περιοχές που χρησιμοποιούνται από το ευρύ κοινό ή από ευπαθείς ομάδες του πληθυσμού, όπως δημόσια πάρκα και κήποι, αθλητικές εγκαταστάσεις και εγκαταστάσεις αναψυχής, σχολεία και παιδικές χαρές καθώς και κοντά σε εγκαταστάσεις υγειονομικής περίθαλψης>>.
* Επιπλέον, στον νόμο 4036/2012 σχετικά με τη χρήση των φυτοφαρμάκων (που ενσωματώνει την νέα Κοινοτική Νομοθεσία Καν.2009/1107 και Οδηγία 2009/128), στο τμήμα που αφορά στα εθνικά μέτρα συμμόρφωσης προς τις απαιτήσεις κατάρτισης των Εθνικών Σχεδίων Δράσης αναφέρεται η ανάγκη λήψης δράσεων σχετικά με την ενημέρωση των ανθρώπων οι οποίοι θα μπορούσαν να εκτεθούν σε μετακινούμενο ψεκαστικό νέφος.
Μέτρα ενημέρωσης και προφύλαξης των περιοίκων
Οι περίοικοι θα πρέπει:
* Να ενημερωθούν για τον ακριβή χρόνο και διάρκεια ψεκασμού.
* Να παραμείνουν εντός των σπιτιών τους με τα κατοικίδια τους και να κρατήσουν τα παράθυρα κλειστά καθ' όλη τη διάρκεια του ψεκασμού, καθώς και μία (1) ώρα μετά τον ψεκασμό (έως ότου το ψεκαστικό νέφος στεγνώσει).
* Να ξεπλύνουν τις αυλές και τα μπαλκόνια μετά τον ψεκασμό
Μέτρα προφύλαξης μετά το πέρας του ψεκασμού
* Ο ψεκασμός στις σχολικές αυλές να γίνει Παρασκευή απόγευμα και το σχολείο να παραμείνει κλειστό για το Σαββατοκύριακο.
* Την Κυριακή το απόγευμα να γίνει πλύσιμο των παιχνιδιών στις σχολικές αυλές.
Σε κάθε περίπτωση η εφαρμογή των φυτοφαρμάκων-φυτοπροστατευτικών, θα πρέπει να γίνει από εξειδικευμένα συνεργεία και παρουσία Γεωπόνου, ώστε να εξασφαλιστεί η σωστή, ασφαλής και επιτυχής, εφαρμογή.
Πιο συγκεκριμένα οι εργασίες που θα εκτελεστούν περιγράφονται στον προϋπολογισμό αυτής της μελέτης. Το κόστος των εργασιών είναι για εργασίες 19.958,00 ΕΥΡΩ πλέον Φ.Π.Α. 24% = 4.789,92 ΕΥΡΩ, δηλαδή συνολικά 24.747,92 ΕΥΡΩ και θα χρηματοδοτηθεί από ίδιους πόρους.
Το έργο έχει ενταχθεί στο Προϋπολογισμό του έτους 2021 με πίστωση 4.000,00€ στον Κ.Α 35.7332.05 για τις δράσεις καταπολέμησης της πιτυοκάμπης (άρθρο 3), 5.000,00€ στον Κ.Α 35.7332.03 για τις δράσεις ελέγχου και καταπολέμησης των κουνουπιών (κουνουποκτονία) (άρθρο 4) και 16.000,00€ στον Κ.Α 35.7332.04 για τις δράσεις μυοκτονίας, απεντόμωσης και απολύμανσης (άρθρα 1,2).
Η ανάθεση της παροχής υπηρεσιών θα γίνει σύμφωνα με τις διατάξεις του Ν.4412/16 (ΦΕΚ Α 147/8-8-2016) Δημόσιες Συμβάσεις Έργων, Προμηθειών και Υπηρεσιών (προσαρμογή στις οδηγίες 2014/24/ΕΕ και 2014/25/ΕΕ), με τη διαδικασία της απ' ευθείας ανάθεσης, καθώς ο συνολικός προϋπολογισμός (μη συμπεριλαμβανομένου ΦΠΑ 24%) δεν ξεπερνάει το ποσό των 20.000,00 €.
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Αμπελόκηποι 15.01.2021 Η ΜΕΛΕΤΗΤΡΙΑ
Δέσποινα Μιχαηλίδου Msc Γεωπόνος με A΄ βαθμό
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<urn:uuid:fcba54ca-4b0b-47c2-9511-836245c9c352>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ell_Grek/train
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finepdfs
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ell_Grek
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Sehr geehrtes Mitglied,
hiermit lade ich Euch ganz herzlich zu unserer diesjährigen Jahreshauptversammlung am Freitag, den 26.11.2021 um 17.30 Uhr in das Tennis-Vereinshaus des SV Ehrang, ein.
Tagesordnung:
1. Begrüßung
2. Berichte des Vorstandes
3. Bericht des Kassierers
4. Bericht der Kassenprüfer
5. Aussprache zu den Berichten
6. Entlastung des Vorstandes
7. Wahl eines Wahlleiters/in
8. Neuwahlen
8a. Wahl eines 1.Vorsitzenden
8b. Wahl eines Geschäftsführers
8c. Wahl eines Kassenwarts
8d. Wahl von zwei Kassenprüfern
8e. Wahl von bis zu drei Beisitzern
9. Anträge
10. Verschiedenes
Anträge zu der Jahreshauptversammlung sind schriftlich bis zum 12.11.2021 beim 1. Vorsitzenden, Alois Reichert, Koblenzer Str.1a, 54293 Trier-Quint E-Mail:email@example.com , einzureichen.
Wir würden uns über ein zahlreiches Erscheinen sehr freuen und verbleiben
mit sportlichen Grüßen
Alois Reichert
1. Vorsitzender
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<urn:uuid:47be1737-38fe-41af-8c89-c5fd508b2858>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/deu_Latn/train
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finepdfs
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deu_Latn
| 927
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Overview of IRS & USDOL Correction Programs and Recent Changes Overview of IRS & USDOL Correction Programs and Recent Changes
EVENT
PROFESSIONALS
|
09.24.2019
Woodbridge, NJ
Employee Benefits and Tax & Personal Planning partner Stephen Ferszt will speak at the CLE seminar entitled the Overview of IRS & USDOL: Correction Programs and Recent Changes on September 24, 2019 in Woodbridge, NJ. The topics that will be discussed include overviews of the IRS Employee Plans Compliance Resolution System ("EPCRS"), the USDOL's Voluntary Fiduciary Correction Program ("VFCP"), significant changes to the IRS Determination Letter Program and the Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act ("SECURE Act").
Stephen L. Ferszt
PRACTICE AREAS
Employee Benefits
Employment Practices
Tax & Personal Planning
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<urn:uuid:7283e4a9-c581-41d4-b784-4a0a20ba5352>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train
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finepdfs
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eng_Latn
| 821
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INTENDED USE
TESTING for use with CardioChek ® Plus Analyzers
PTS Panels ® eGLU ™ Test Strips
The PTS Panels eGLU test strips are intended to be used to quantitatively measure glucose in whole blood. Glucose measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The PTS Panels eGLU test strips are for in vitro diagnostic use. The PTS Panels eGLU test strips are currently marketed for professional use. SUMMARY
IMPORTANT: Read all instructions carefully before testing. Testing with eGLU test strips only
Glucose is a sugar that is the major energy source in the body. Maintaining appropriate glucose levels is very important. This system may be used to measure glucose levels. A MEMo Chip ® is provided with each package of test strips and must be properly inserted into the analyzer before any test can be run. The MEMo Chip contains test name, calibration curve, lot number, and test strip expiration date. After the test strip is inserted into the analyzer and blood applied to the test strip, test results are displayed in about 10 seconds if testing eGLU only, or about 2 minutes if, for example, run in conjunction with a PTS Panels Lipid Panel test strip. PRINCIPLES OF THE TEST
* PTS Panels eGLU test strips
2. Remove a single eGLU test strip from test strip vial and immediately replace cap.
The eGLU test strips use electrochemical (amperometric) technology to produce a glucose result. When the blood is applied to the test strip, the blood starts a chemical reaction that produces an electrical current. The current is converted into a glucose result and is displayed on the analyzer screen. MATERIALS PROVIDED
MATERIALS NEEDED BUT NOT PROVIDED
* MEMo Chip (contains lot-specific test strip information) • Instructions
* Lancets for fingerstick (or venous blood collection supplies) • Alcohol wipes and/or gauze
* CardioChek Plus analyzer • Quality Control Materials
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
0.05 mg
Each Glucose test strip contains the following active ingredients:
Glucose oxidase (Aspergillus niger) . . . . . . . . . .
>
0.2 I.U.
* Store test strip package in a cool, dry place at room temperature of 68-86°F (20-30°C). Test strips may be stored in a refrigerator at 35-46°F (2-8°C), but must be brought to room temperature before using. Do not freeze. • Keep away from heat and direct sunlight.
Potassium ferricyanide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > Each vial contains not more than 5g silica gel desiccant. STORAGE AND HANDLING
* Do not remove or discard the desiccant packet in the vial.
* Keep the MEMo Chip either in the analyzer or stored with the original lot of test strips.
* Always replace vial cap immediately after removing a test strip.
* Store the test strips in the original vial. Do not combine with other test strips and do not store the MEMo Chip in the test strip vial.
* Use test strip as soon as you have removed it from the vial.
* After opening, the test strips are stable until expiration date if vial is properly stored and always capped. PRECAUTIONS
* For in vitro diagnostic use.
* Out-of-date or expired test strips cannot be used in your test system. Check vial for expiration date. • Add all of the blood to the test strip at once. If you do not get all of the blood on the test strip, do
* Make sure the MEMo Chip and test strip lot numbers match. Never use a MEMo Chip from a different lot than the test strip.
not add blood to the same test strip. Test again with a new, unused test strip and fresh blood sample.
* Do not ingest.
* Discard test strip after using. Test strips are to be read once. Never insert or read a used test strip. • If you get an unexpected result, test again.
PTS Panels test strips are designed for use with fresh capillary (fingerstick) whole blood. Venous whole blood collected in EDTA or heparin tubes and tested within 20 minutes of the draw is also an acceptable sample. To obtain a drop of blood from a fingerstick, follow the steps below:
SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND PREPARATION
* Use of lotions and handcreams should be avoided before testing.
* Hands should be washed in warm water with antibacterial soap, rinsed and dried thoroughly.
* Wipe away the first drop of blood with a clean piece of gauze. (Reflectance-type testing only, such as Lipid Panel.)
* If you wipe the fingertip with alcohol, be sure that the alcohol dries completely before sticking the finger. • Use a sterile, disposable lancet to puncture the side of the fingertip.
* Gently, without force, apply pressure to the fingertip to accumulate a drop of blood. • Excessive squeezing of the finger may alter test results.
Caution: Handle and dispose of all materials coming in contact with blood according to universal precautions and guidelines.
* See the "TESTING" section for information on how to apply the blood to the test strip. • Discard used materials properly.
1. Insert the MEMo Chip that matches the lot number on the test strip vial and press one of the buttons to turn the analyzer ON.
3. Insert the eGLU test strip into the designated eGLU test port. 4. APPLY SAMPLE icon appears on the display.
6. Gently touch finger to the tip of the glucose test strip to apply a 1.1 µL drop of blood. Do not press the glucose test strip into the finger. 7. TESTING will appear. The glucose result will
5. Obtain a drop of blood using a lancet per the "SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND PREPARATION" section.
be displayed within 10 seconds of the blood sample being applied to the test strip. Testing with both eGLU and Lipid Panel test strips
2. Remove one eGLU test strip from test strip vial and immediately replace cap. 3. Insert the eGLU test strip into the designated eGLU
1. Insert the MEMo Chip that matches the lot number on both the eGLU and the Lipid Panel test strip vials and press one of the buttons to turn the analyzer ON.
test port.
5. Insert the Lipid Panel test strip into the designated reflectance test strip port. 6. Lipid Panel icon and eGLU icon will display together.
4. Remove one Lipid Panel test strip from test strip vial and immediately replace cap.
eGLU testing
Lipid
Panel
test
strip
eGLU
test
strip
7. Obtain a drop of blood using a lancet per the "SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND PREPARATION" section. 8.
10. Test result will display upon completion of Lipid Panel test results. Lipid Panel testing
Gently touch finger to the tip of the glucose test strip to apply a 1.1 µL drop of blood. Do not place blood on top of the test strip. Do not press the glucose test strip into the finger. 9. Blood will be drawn into the strip automatically by capillary action.
11. After applying blood to the eGLU test strip, wipe the finger to remove any blood with a clean piece of gauze. 12. Gently, without force, apply pressure to the fingertip to accumulate a drop of blood.
14. In about 2 minutes, the results will appear on the display. Remove and discard test strips. DO NOT add more blood to any test strip that has been used. Note: eGLU can be tested alone or with another reflectance-type test strip such as Lipid Panel.
Excessive squeezing of the finger may alter test results. 13. Use a capillary blood collector or pipet to apply 40 μL of whole blood to the test strip blood application window.
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 1. If no result is displayed, make sure:
– Enough blood was added to the test strip to completely fill the blood application window. If you get a reading of "<___", or ">___" or any unexpected result, test again.
– Analyzer is ON. (If it won't turn ON, refer to analyzer User Guide section on changing batteries.) – MEMo Chip is properly installed in port.
4. To verify enough blood has been applied to the test strip, remove test strip after testing and check back side of reac tion area. Reaction area should be completely and evenly colored. If the area is not completely and evenly colored, discard the used test strip and test again. (Reflectance-type testing only, such as Lipid Panel.) TEST RESULTS
2. 3. See analyzer User Guide Troubleshooting section for additional help.
Results are displayed in either milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), millimoles per liter (mmol/L), or grams per liter (g/L). To change analyzer units, please see the analyzer User Guide.
Polymer Technology Systems, Inc.
Manufactured by
Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA
7736 Zionsville Road
+1-317-870-5610 (Direct)
+1-317-870-5608 (Fax)
+1-877-870-5610 (Toll-free inside USA)
www.cardiochek.com
QUALITY CONTROL
Blood glucose levels will vary from time to time depending on food consumed, activity levels, health status, medication dosages, stress or exercise. Your physician or healthcare professional will discuss "target values" (that is, highs and lows) specifically appropriate for you. A glucose level below 50 mg/dL (2.78 mmol/L) or above 240 mg/dL (13.32 mmol/L) may indicate a serious medical condition. If your test result should fall below 50 mg/dL (2.78 mmol/L) or exceed 240 mg/ dL (13.32 mmol/L), you should contact your physician or healthcare professional as soon as possible. Expected values for a fasting person, who does not have diabetes, are: 70-105 mg/dL (3.9-5.8 mmol/L). 5 MEASURING RANGE
Please refer to the analyzer User Guide for the proper procedure and materials to be used to perform Quality Control tests. Quality Control tests are used to ensure that the system (analyzer, test strips and MEMo Chip) is working properly. Users should run controls when results are questionable or to comply with their own facility's quality control requirements. EXPECTED VALUES
The glucose test system will detect glucose levels from 40-600 mg/dL (2.22-33.3 mmol/L) and will display a number value for results in this range. If the display reads "<___" (less than measuring range), the glucose level is below 40 mg/dL (2.22 mmol/L). Results above 600 mg/dL (33.3 mmol/L) will read ">___" (greater than measuring range). The analyzer will display "CHECK KETONE" for glucose test results greater than 240 mg/dL (13.32 mmol/L).
1. PRESERVATIVES: Blood samples preserved with Fluoride or Oxalate should not be used for testing with this system.
IMPORTANT: If a "<" or ">" or any unexpected result is displayed, always test again with a new, unused test strip. LIMITATIONS OF THE PROCEDURE
2. VENOUS SAMPLES: To minimize glycolysis, venous whole blood samples must be tested within 20 minutes of the draw. Grossly lipemic samples may interfere with some methodologies. Critically ill patients should not be tested by this method, or tested with extreme caution.
This test system is specific for glucose. Other sugars or reducing substances such as ascorbic acid at normal blood concentrations have no significant effect on test results. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and dopamine may interfere causing the test result to be higher than the actual glucose. Not every drug was tested.
3. NEONATAL USE and ARTERIAL BLOOD: This product has not been tested using neonatal or arterial blood. Until testing is done, this test system should not be used with these whole blood samples.
4. METABOLITES: This test system is specific for glucose. Other sugars and other reducing substances such as absorbic acid at normal blood concentrations have no significant effect on test results. 5. HEMATOCRIT: Hematocrit values above 55% or lower than 30% may incorrectly lower the
7. DEHYDRATION: Severe dehydration and excessive water loss may produce falsely low results. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
glucose result. 6. ALTITUDE: Testing at altitudes up to 5280 feet has no effect on results.
1. ACCURACY: A patient-use clinical study was performed at five sites. Glucose levels were measured on fresh capillary blood specimens by 237 persons and by healthcare professionals. A professional ran a glucose on the same 237 persons with a Bioscanner Beyond analyzer to compare results. The results follow:
The same 237 persons were tested by a healthcare professional with the following results.
CardioChek Plus vs. BioScanner Beyond Glucose Analyzer Obtained by 237 persons who tested themselves: number of persons = 237 slope = 1.048 y-intercept = 1.5 r = 0.9722
CardioChek Plus vs. BioScanner Beyond Glucose Analyzer Obtained by Healthcare Professionals number of persons = 237 slope = 0.997 y-intercept = -0.03 r = 0.9858
2. PRECISION: A laboratory professional tested twenty replicates of various levels of whole blood for glucose on the CardioChek Plus analyzer using eGLU glucose test strips. The following results were obtained:
This shows that the CardioChek Plus results run by both professionals and consumers compare well to the BioScanner Beyond glucose results.
No. samples
20
20
20
20
20
This means that the variation between test strips is not greater than 9%.
3. INTERFERENCES: See LIMITATIONS section.
AVAILABILITY REF/CAT NO.
1710
2713
PTS Panels eGLU test strips – 50 tests
0721
PTS Panels Multi-Chemistry controls – Level 1 & Level 2
2700
CardioChek Plus analyzer
DESCRIPTION
PTS Panels Lipid Panel test strips – 15 tests
REFERENCES
CLIA INFORMATION (US only) Complexity Categorization: Waived
1. Data on file, Polymer Technology Systems, Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46268.
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 1986.
2. Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, Eighteenth Edition, John Berna Henry, Editor,. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1991. 3. CLSI Guideline EP6, Evaluation of the Linearity of Quantitative Analytical Methods. Villano
5. Clinical Chemistry, Third Edition, Norbert W. Tietz, Ph.D., Editor, W.B. Saunders Company Philadelphia, 1987. CUSTOMER SERVICE
4. CLSI Guideline EP7. Interference Testing in Clinical Chemistry. Villanova, PA: National Co for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 1986.
PTS, Inc. Customer Service is available to answer questions regarding the CardioChek brand analyzers and PTS Panels test strips. Outside Customer Service hours, please contact your healthcare professional.
+1 (317) 870-5610 (Direct)
+1 (877) 870-5610 (8 a.m. – 7 p.m. EST, M-F toll-free inside the USA)
The CardioChek brand analyzers and PTS Panels test strips are manufactured in the U.S. by Polymer Technology Systems, Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA.
+1 (317) 870-5608 (Fax) E-mail: email@example.com
Copyright © 2013 by Polymer Technology Systems, Inc.
Authorized European Representative MDSS GmbH Schiffgraben 41 30175 Hannover, Germany
Explanation of Symbols
Use By
Batch Code
In vitro diagnostic medical device
This product fulfills the requirements of the European Directive 98/79 EC for in vitro diagnostic medical devices.
Catalog number
Consult instructions for use
Manufacturer
Temperature limitation
Authorized representative
in the European Community
IVD
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<urn:uuid:5b813ea7-1598-4c6e-9580-3d2fb16c948e>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train
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finepdfs
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eng_Latn
| 14,698
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MADE TO MEASURE / MÅLING AV KROPP / Måttsydda beställningar
Thank you for ordering made to measure product from Sharkspeed. For a custom-made order, it is very important that you check your measurements very carefully and follow our recommendations and step by step help with measuring. The return policy does not apply for made to measure orders. In case of fitting problems the measures you sent will be compared to the finish manufactured item. Note that the factory adds 3-10 cm in dimensions depending on the location for optimum mobility of the product.
After receiving your order, your size is checked. Note that this product's price is for body size up to 3XL. For larger body sizes, there is an additional cost of approx.EUR 10 / textile per increased size, EUR 15 / leather per increased size. The additional cost is calculated by a Sharkspeed handler after receiving your body measurements. The delivery time is between 12 - 30 working days depending on the seasonal load.
All extra fees are charged in advance and before production begins.
ORDERNUMBER:
NAME:
ADRESS:
POSTCODE:
CITY:
COUNTRY:
PHONE.NO:
EMAIL:
BE SURE TO TAKE EXACT MEASUREMENTS AND NOT TO ADD EXTRA CM TO THE MEASUREMENT.
IN THE MANUFACTURE PROCESS WE WILL ADD 5-15 CM DEPENDING ON LAYERS OF FABRIC TO BE USED
| Measurement | Description | Units |
|-------------|-------------|-------|
| NECK / NACKE | Around neck | CM |
| CHEST/BUST/BRÖST | Around chest | CM |
| WAIST | Around waist | CM |
| STOMACH MAGEN | Around stomach | CM |
| HIPS / STUSS | Around hips | CM |
| SHOULDER LENGTH | Axelvidd | CM |
| ARMPIT ARMHÅLA | Around armpit | CM |
| BICEPS | Around biceps | CM |
| WRIST / HANDLED | CM |
| ELBOW TO WRIST | Armbåge till handled | CM |
| OUTSEAM / YTTERBENSLÄNGD | CM |
| INSEAM / INNERBENSLÄNGD | CM |
| SHOULDER TO ELBOW | Axel till armbåge | CM |
| NECK TO WAIST | Nacke till bakre midjepunkt | CM |
| WAIST TO KNEE | Midja till knä | CM |
| CROTCH DEPTH | Främre midja till bakre midjepunkt. | CM |
THIGH AROUND
Lårvidd
CM
KNEE AROUND
Knä omkrets
CM
CALF AROUND
Vader
CM
ELBOW AROUND
Armbåge
CM
ANKLE AROUND
Fotled
CM
SLEEVE LENGTH
Armlängd rak
CM
ATTENTION! THESE MEASURES WILL ONLY BE USED IF POSSIBLE AND WILL BE DONE ACCORDING TO THE MEASURES GIVEN ABOVE.
MEASURES YOU GIVE HERE WILL BE APPLIED IF POSSIBLE AND WILL BE ADJUSTED ACCORDING TO YOUR OTHER BODY MEASUREMENTS.
REQUESTED FRONT LENGTH OF JACKET (CM)
ÖNSKAD FRONT LÄNGD AV JACKAN (CM)
REQUESTED BACK LENGTH OF JACKET (CM)
ÖNSKAD BAK LÄNGD AV JACKAN (CM)
REQUESTED PANT LENGTH
ÖNSKAD FRONT LÄNGD AV BYXAN (CM)
HOW DO YOU WEAR YOUR PANTS?
☐ 1. OVER BELLY (STOMACH)
☐ 2. MAIN WAIST
☐ 3. UNDER BELLY (STOMACH)
1. OVER BELLY (STOMACH)
2. MAIN WAIST
3. UNDER BELLY (STOMACH)
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<urn:uuid:41b02ab4-99f1-4c16-be54-be56831e1994>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train
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finepdfs
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eng_Latn
| 2,757
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Valiokunnan lausunto MmVL 20/2020 vp─ HE 70/2020 vp
Valiokunnan lausuntoMmVL 20/2020 vp─ HE 70/2020 vp
Maa- ja metsätalousvaliokunta
Hallituksen esitys eduskunnalle laiksi biopolttoaineista ja bionesteistä annetun lain muuttamisesta
Talousvaliokunnalle
JOHDANTO
Vireilletulo
Hallituksen esitys eduskunnalle laiksi biopolttoaineista ja bionesteistä annetun lain muuttamisesta (HE 70/2020 vp): Asia on saapunut maa- ja metsätalousvaliokuntaan lausunnon antamista varten. Lausunto on annettava talousvaliokunnalle.
Asiantuntijat
Valiokunta on kuullut (etäkuuleminen):
- erityisasiantuntija Harri Haavisto, työ- ja elinkeinoministeriö
- erityisasiantuntija Inkeri Lilleberg, työ- ja elinkeinoministeriö
- neuvotteleva virkamies Kaisa Pirkola, maa- ja metsätalousministeriö
Valiokunta on saanut kirjallisen lausunnon:
- Luonnonvarakeskus
- ympäristöministeriö
- Huoltovarmuuskeskus
- Bioenergia ry
- Neste Oyj
- Energiateollisuus ry
- Metsäteollisuus ry
- Maa- ja metsätaloustuottajain Keskusliitto MTK ry
- Suomen Biokierto ja Biokaasu ry
- Svenska Lantbruksproducenternas Centralförbund SLC ry
- Suomen luonnonsuojeluliitto ry
VALIOKUNNAN PERUSTELUT
Hallituksen esityksellä ehdotetaan pantavaksi kestävyyskriteerisääntelyn osalta täytäntöön uudelleen laadittu uusiutuvan energian direktiivi (EU) 2018/2001, jäljempänä RED II -direktiivi. Biopolttoaineiden, bionesteiden ja biomassapolttoaineiden on täytettävä direktiivin mukaiset
Valiokunnan lausunto MmVL 20/2020 vp
kestävyyskriteerit ja kasvihuonekaasupäästöjen vähennyskriteerit. Direktiivissä säädetään sitovasta unionin yleistavoitteesta, jonka mukaan uusiutuvista lähteistä peräisin olevan energian osuus on vähintään 32 prosenttia energian loppukulutuksesta vuonna 2030. Maa- ja metsätalousvaliokunta pitää direktiivin tavoitetta uusiutuvan energian osuuden lisäämisestä EU:n tasolla ja Suomessa erittäin tärkeänä.
Voimassa olevassa biopolttoaineista ja bionesteistä annetussa laissa eli niin sanotussa kestävyyslaissa säädetään biopolttoaineiden ja bionesteiden kestävyyskriteereistä ja niiden täyttymisen osoittamisesta. Esityksessä kestävyyslain soveltamisalaan ja nimikkeeseen lisättäisiin biomassapolttoaineet ja lain säännöksiin tehtäisiin muut RED II -direktiivin kestävyyskriteereitä koskevan sääntelyn edellyttämät muutokset. Esityksessä pitäydytään direktiivin vähimmäistasossa eikä aseteta kansallisia lisävelvoitteita, koska se saattaisi heikentää kestävyyskriteerisääntelyn yhdenmukaistamisen myönteisiä vaikutuksia jäsenvaltioiden väliseen kauppaan ja johtaa kilpailun vääristymiseen jäsenvaltioiden välillä. Maa- ja metsätalousvaliokunta korostaa toimintaympäristön ennustettavuuden ja pitkäjännitteisyyden merkitystä ja pitää esityksen valmistelussa valittua direktiivin vähimmäistasoon perustuvaa sääntelyä Suomen kilpailukyvyn kannalta kannatettavana.
Valiokunta toteaa, että etenkin puupohjaisia polttoaineita käytetään Suomessa jo nykyisin laajamittaisesti energian tuotannossa. Voimalaitoksilla käytetään erilaisia puunjalostusteollisuuden sivuvirtoja, kuten kuorta, sahanpurua sekä muita puutähteitä, sekä metsäperäisiä jakeita, kuten metsätähdehaketta tai -mursketta ja pieniläpimittaista kokopuu- tai rankahaketta. Valiokunta korostaa, että kansallisen metsästrategian mukaisesti tavoitteena tulee olla metsäalan jalostusarvon kasvattaminen uusien tuotteiden avulla. Luomalla edellytyksiä puuta jalostavan teollisuuden investoinneille lisätään myös puupohjaisen energian tuotantoedellytyksiä, sillä uusiutuvaa energiaa tuotetaan tyypillisesti osana jalostusprosessia.
Kestävyyslain soveltamisalan laajentumisen myötä sääntelyn kohteiden määrä nousee esitykseen sisältyvän arvion mukaan nykyisestä 15 toiminnanharjoittajasta noin 150 toiminnanharjoittajaan. Valiokunta pitää hyvänä, että hallinnollisen taakan keventämiseksi soveltamisrajaksi on otettu direktiivin mukainen 20 MW kokonaislämpöteho kiinteillä polttoaineilla ja 2 MW kaasumaisilla polttoaineilla, mikä rajaa pienemmät sähkön ja lämmön tuottajat kestävyyskriteerien ja kasvihuonepäästöjen vähennyskriteerien soveltamisen ulkopuolelle. Biokaasun matalampi soveltamisraja tarkoittaa, että lukumääräisesti näitä laitoksia tullee kestävyysjärjestelmien piiriin jatkossa runsaasti. Valiokunta katsoo, että lain toimeenpanossa tulee jatkossakin huolehtia pienten toimijoiden huomioonottamisesta siten, että laitoksille aiheutuvat hallinnolliset kustannukset pysyvät kohtuullisina. Lisäksi myös soveltamisrajojen alapuolelle jääville pienille toimijoille tulee tarjota tukea ja kannusteita.
Kestävyyslain muutosten myötä tullaan antamaan myös uutta sääntelyä valtioneuvoston asetuksen tasolla. Lisäksi Energiaviraston tehtävänä on huolehtia lain toimeenpanon edellyttämästä ohjeistuksesta, koulutuksesta ja neuvonnasta. Kestävyysjärjestelmiin liittyvä hakemuskäsittely ja valvonta edellyttää yhteistyötä myös esimerkiksi Suomen metsäkeskuksen ja Ruokaviraston kanssa. Valiokunta painottaa, että lain toimeenpanossa ja siihen liittyvässä alemman asteisen sääntelyn ja ohjeistuksen valmistelussa on tärkeää huolehtia yhteistyöstä biopolttoaineiden arvoketjun eri toimijoiden ja viranomaisten välillä, mukaan lukien tarvittaessa myös maanomistajat.
Valiokunnan lausunto MmVL 20/2020 vp
VALIOKUNNAN PÄÄTÖSESITYS
Maa- ja metsätalousvaliokunta esittää, että talousvaliokunta ottaa edellä olevan huomioon .
Helsingissä 6.10.2020
Asian ratkaisevaan käsittelyyn valiokunnassa ovat ottaneet osaa puheenjohtaja Anne Kalmari kesk
jäsen Markku Eestilä kok varapuheenjohtaja Ritva Elomaa ps
jäsen Janne Heikkinen kok jäsen Jari Myllykoski vas
jäsen Mikko Lundén ps jäsen Anders Norrback r
jäsen Piritta Rantanen sd jäsen Raimo Piirainen sd
jäsen Jenna Simula ps varajäsen Ari Koponen ps
varajäsen Tuomas Kettunen kesk
Valiokunnan sihteerinä on toiminut valiokuntaneuvos Tuire Taina
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<urn:uuid:f907f3c2-b24c-4b2c-8c8d-e74c253fb8e7>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/fin_Latn/train
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finepdfs
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fin_Latn
| 5,834
|
Comparative genomics of *Stutzerimonas balearica* (*Pseudomonas balearica*): diversity, habitats, and biodegradation of aromatic compounds
Francisco Salvà-Serra\textsuperscript{1,2,3*}, Danilo Pérez-Pantoja\textsuperscript{4}, Raúl A. Donoso\textsuperscript{4,5}, Daniel Jaén-Luchoro\textsuperscript{2,3}, Víctor Fernández-Juárez\textsuperscript{6}, Hedvig Engström-Jakobsson\textsuperscript{2}, Edward R. B. Moore\textsuperscript{2,3}, Jorge Lalucat\textsuperscript{1} and Antoni Bennasar-Figueras\textsuperscript{3,6}
\textsuperscript{1}Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, \textsuperscript{2}Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, \textsuperscript{3}Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, \textsuperscript{4}Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile, \textsuperscript{5}Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile, \textsuperscript{6}Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
*Stutzerimonas balearica* (*Pseudomonas balearica*) has been found principally in oil-polluted environments. The capability of *S. balearica* to thrive from the degradation of pollutant compounds makes it a species of interest for potential bioremediation applications. However, little has been reported about the diversity of *S. balearica*. In this study, genome sequences of *S. balearica* strains from different origins were analyzed, revealing that it is a diverse species with an open pan-genome that will continue revealing new genes and functionalities as the genomes of more strains are sequenced. The nucleotide signatures and intra- and inter-species variation of the 16S rRNA genes of *S. balearica* were reevaluated. A strategy of screening 16S rRNA gene sequences in public databases enabled the detection of 158 additional strains, of which only 23% were described as *S. balearica*. The species was detected from a wide range of environments, although mostly from aquatic and polluted environments, predominantly related to petroleum oil. Genomic and phenotypic analyses confirmed that *S. balearica* possesses varied inherent capabilities for aromatic compounds degradation. This study increases the knowledge of the biology and diversity of *S. balearica* and will serve as a basis for future work with the species.
KEYWORDS
*Stutzerimonas balearica*, *Stutzerimonas*, *Pseudomonas stutzeri* group, comparative genomics, signature nucleotide positions, aromatic compounds biodegradation
1. Introduction
The species *Stutzerimonas balearica* (Gomila et al., 2022; Lalucat et al., 2022) (formerly, *Pseudomonas balearica* Bennasar et al., 1996) was proposed after the analysis and characterization of two denitrifying and salt-tolerant (i.e., growth in 8.5% NaCl, w/v) strains of the genomovar 6 of *Pseudomonas stutzeri* (currently, *Stutzerimonas stutzeri*) (Rossello et al., 1991; Rosselló-Mora et al., 1994; Bennasar et al., 1996; Lalucat et al., 2022), which had been isolated as 2-methylnaphthalene degrading strains from a wastewater treatment plant and from polluted marine sediment (Rossello et al., 1991). Since then, several strains of *Stutzerimonas balearica* have been reported through the years, such as *S. balearica* strain st101, isolated as a phenanthrene degrader from the rhizosphere of *Spartina patens* at an oil refinery site and reported also as a naphthalene degrader (Dutta, 2001; Mulet et al., 2008), *S. balearica* strain Z8, isolated from petrochemical waste water (Ahmadi et al., 2017), *S. balearica* strain EC28, isolated from corroded steel of a floating production storage and off-loading vessel, Salgar-Chaparro et al. (2020), and three strains which were isolated from a submarine volcano (Bravakos et al., 2021).
Previous reports indicate that *S. balearica* is a species with diverse properties and biodegradation capabilities, which is found principally in marine and polluted environments (Rossello et al., 1991; Bennasar et al., 1996; Dutta, 2001; Mulet et al., 2008; Ahmadi et al., 2017; Salgar-Chaparro et al., 2020; Bravakos et al., 2021). These observations make *S. balearica* a species of interest for bioremediation of areas polluted with recalcitrant compounds, such as aromatic hydrocarbons, some of which are among the most prevalent and persistent pollutants in the environment and are listed in the top 10 of the Substance Priority List of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry [Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, 2019]. However, the heterogeneity of the former *P. stutzeri* group (also known as *P. stutzeri* complex) (Mulet et al., 2010), and the limited discriminatory power of the 16S rRNA gene, have frequently resulted in misclassifications and in strains not being identified at the species level (Lalucat et al., 2006; Gomila et al., 2022; Li et al., 2022; Uddin et al., 2022). For instance, routine protocols for identification, such as commercial API strips (BioMérieux, France), identify *S. balearica* strains as *S. stutzeri* (Uddin et al., 2022). This may result in *S. balearica* strains not being detected or being misidentified. An example is *S. balearica* YC-YH1, which was erroneously reported as *S. stutzeri* (Shi et al., 2015). Precise and accurate species identification is important because different taxonomic groups may have different capabilities and ecological adaptations (García-Valdés et al., 2010). For instance, *S. stutzeri* has been commonly reported in clinical samples; indeed a previous study (Scotta et al., 2012) reported that almost 80% of 138 analyzed clinical isolates of *Stutzerimonas* belonged to *S. stutzeri* (formerly, *P. stutzeri* genomovar 1), while no isolates were assigned to 11 of the 19 genomovars that had been described at that time, which suggests that different genomovars (i.e., phylogenomic species) of the genus *Stutzerimonas* may have different pathogenic potential. In the original description of *P. balearica* (currently, *S. balearica*), the authors defined 37 signature nucleotide positions of the 16S rRNA gene that differentiated *P. balearica* from the other six genomovars of *P. stutzeri* that had been described at that time (Bennasar et al., 1996). However, 15 additional genomovars and multiple closely-related species have been described since then. Therefore, it is unclear how many of these signature nucleotide positions are still relevant for identifying *S. balearica*. At this point, it is important to clarify that *S. balearica* is a member of the recently proposed genus *Stutzerimonas*, family Pseudomonadaceae, which includes species of the former *Pseudomonas stutzeri* phylogenetic group and currently comprises 51 phylogenomic species (Gomila et al., 2022; Lalucat et al., 2022).
The limitations in the detection and identification of *S. balearica* have hindered our understanding of the diversity, the biology and of the environmental distribution of the species. However, the development and the substantial reduction in the costs of whole-genome sequencing (Loman and Pallen, 2015) have resulted in a vast increase in the number of publicly available bacterial genome sequences (Sayers et al., 2022), which facilitates accurate species identification (Goris et al., 2007) and the exploration of the genomic diversity and physiological potential of species (Loman and Pallen, 2015).
The aim of this study was to analyze the genome sequences of strains of *S. balearica* from diverse sources and origins, together with the genome sequences of different phylogenomic species of *Stutzerimonas* and type strains of other species of the former *P. stutzeri* group to: firstly, explore the genomic diversity of *S. balearica* in its phylogenetic context; secondly, determine the current conservation and specificity of the 16S rRNA gene sequence signature nucleotide positions presented previously (Bennasar et al., 1996), thirdly, screen publicly available 16S rRNA gene sequences and determine the incidence and distribution of *S. balearica* at a larger scale; fourthly, determine the biodegradative capabilities of *S. balearica* toward aromatic compounds, based on genomic analyses and phenotypic testing.
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Strains and whole-genome sequences
A total of 18 genome sequences of *S. balearica* were included in the study, 11 derived from isolated strains and seven derived from metagenomic datasets (i.e., metagenome-assembled genomes, MAGs) (Supplementary Table 1). Of the 11 isolate-derived genome sequences, one was determined in this study (*S. balearica* strain SAGV3-2SA2 = CCUG 72049) and 10 were obtained from GenBank.
(Sayers et al., 2022), where nine were listed as *S. balearica* and one (that of strain YC-YH1) as *S. stutzeri*, although classified as *S. balearica* in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) (Parks et al., 2018). A recent study also confirmed this misclassification (Li et al., 2022).
MAGs of *S. balearica* were searched for in NCBI GenBank (Sayers et al., 2022) and GTDB (Parks et al., 2018). Additionally, a set of 52,515 published MAGs (Nayfach et al., 2021) was screened, using BLAST v2.9.0+ (Altschul et al., 1990) and the *rpoD* gene sequence of *S. balearica* DSM 6083\(^T\) as query sequence. The completeness and contamination levels of the MAGs were estimated, using CheckM v1.2.2 (Parks et al., 2015), implemented in DFAST_QC v0.2.6 (Tanizawa et al., 2016). The searches resulted in seven MAGs of *S. balearica*, of which six were obtained from GenBank and one (*S. balearica* 3300027365_7) from the set of 52,515 MAGs (Nayfach et al., 2021). Of the six obtained from GenBank, two were classified as *S. balearica*, two as *S. stutzeri* and two as *Pseudomonas* sp., although all six were listed as *S. balearica* in GTDB.
Additionally, 76 genome sequences of strains listed as *S. stutzeri* in GenBank (Sayers et al., 2022) and the genome sequences of 19 additional type strains of species reported as members of the genus *Stutzerimonas* or the former *Pseudomonas stutzeri* group were also included in the study (Supplementary Table 1). Of these 19 additional type strains, five were listed originally as *S. stutzeri* in GenBank: the type strain of *S. stutzeri* and the type strains of the recently proposed species *Stutzerimonas perfectomarina*, *Stutzerimonas frequens*, *Stutzerimonas degradans*, and *Stutzerimonas decontaminans*; i.e., the former genomovars 2, 5, 7, and 4, respectively (Gomila et al., 2022; Mulet et al., 2023). Of the 113 genome sequences, 22 are complete genome sequences (including three *S. balearica*) and 91 are of draft status, with a number of contigs/scaffolds ranging from 1 to 298, among isolate-derived genome sequences, and ranging from 41 to 469 among MAGs.
### 2.2. DNA extraction and whole-genome sequencing
*S. balearica* strain SAGV3-2SA2 was cultivated on Columbia Blood Agar Base plus 5% defibrinated horse blood (Substrate Unit, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden), at 30°C, for 24 h. Genomic DNA was extracted, using a previously described protocol (Salvà-Serra et al., 2018). Subsequently, isolated DNA was used to prepare a standard Illumina library at Eurofins Genomics (Konstanz, Germany), following an optimized protocol and using standard Illumina adapter sequences. The library was sequenced, using an Illumina NovaSeq 6,000 system (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States), to generate paired-end reads of 151 bp, distributed in 1.4 Gb.
### 2.3. Assembly and annotation of genome sequences
The Illumina sequence reads of *S. balearica* strain SAGV3-2SA2 were quality-evaluated, using FastQC 0.10.1 (Andrews, 2010), trimmed, using Sickle v1.33 (Joshi and Fass, 2011), and assembled *de novo*, using SPAdes v3.11.1 (Bankevich et al., 2012). The quality of the assembly was assessed, using QUAST v4.5 (Gurevich et al., 2013). The genome sequence was subsequently annotated, using the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) v5.2 (Tatusova et al., 2016). All 106 genome sequences derived from isolated strains were downloaded from the NCBI Reference Sequence Database (RefSeq) (O’Leary et al., 2016), where they were annotated with PGAP. Of the seven MAGs, six were obtained from GenBank, annotated with PGAP. Of these, two were re-annotated on-line, using the DDBJ Fast Annotation and Submission Tool (DFAST) v1.2.6 (Tanizawa et al., 2017), since not all PGAP output files were available in GenBank. The other MAG (*S. balearica* 3300027365_7) was not available in GenBank (it was obtained from a previously published dataset of MAGs) (Nayfach et al., 2021) and, therefore, was also annotated, using DFAST. The DFAST annotations of these three MAGs were used for downstream functional annotations. The DFAST-generated GBFF files are available as Supplementary Files (Supplementary Files 1–3). Additionally, to normalize the annotations for the pan-genomic analyses, all 113 genome sequences were annotated, using Prokka v1.14.6 (Seemann, 2014).
### 2.4. Average nucleotide identity determinations
The average nucleotide identities based on BLAST (ANib) (Goris et al., 2007) between all 113 genome sequences (all vs. all), were calculated, using JSpeciesWS (Richter et al., 2016). Calculations were done bidirectionally, and average values were determined. The ANib values were used to construct a dendrogram and a heatmap, using Heatmapper, with an average linkage method for clustering and Pearson’s distance correlation (Babicki et al., 2016).
### 2.5. Phylogenomic species assignment
Two approaches were used to determine or confirm the species or phylogenomic species affiliations of the genome sequences included in this study. On the one hand, ANib values were calculated between all the 113 genome sequences, which included multiple type strains and non-type reference strains of phylogenomic species of *Stutzerimonas*. Genome sequences sharing an ANib value of greater than or equal to 95% were considered to belong to the same phylogenomic species. The phylogenomic species assignments were confirmed by calculating the digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the assigned genome sequences and the genome sequences of the respective type or reference strains. The dDDH values were determined, using Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator (GGDC) v3.0 (Meier-Kolthoff et al., 2013, 2022). On the other hand, a comparative analysis of partial *rpoD* gene sequences was performed, as previously described (Scotta et al., 2012). Briefly, the complete *rpoD* gene sequences were extracted from the genome sequences. The partial *rpoD* gene sequences of the reference strains of 21 phylogenomic species of *Stutzerimonas* (previously, the 21 genomovars of *S. stutzeri*), were downloaded from the PseudoMLSA database (Bennasar et al., 2010) and also included. *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* CCM 1960\(^T\) was used as outgroup. The *rpoD* sequences were aligned, using MUSCLE v3.8.425 (Edgar, 2004), implemented in AliView v1.25 (Larsson, 2014), and the distance matrix was built in MEGA7 (Kumar et al., 2016), using the Jukes-Cantor model (Jukes
The phylogenetic tree was generated by neighbor-joining, bootstrap analysis (1,000 replications) and displayed, using iTOL (Letunic and Bork, 2021).
### 2.6. Core and pan-genome determinations
The protein FASTA files generated by Prokka v1.14.6 were used for proteome comparisons. All-versus-all proteome searches were performed, using BLASTP v2.9.0+. Protein clustering was performed, using the software GET_HOMOLOGUES v17112020 (Contreras-Moreira and Vinuesa, 2013), with three different algorithms: bidirectional best-hit (BDBH), COGtriangles (Kristensen et al., 2010) and Ortho Markov Cluster (OMCL) (Li et al., 2003). Two proteins were considered to belong to the same family if they showed at least 70% sequence identity over at least 70% of the length of the longest sequence in comparison. Based on the BDBH clustering, the core and pan-genome curves were represented and adjusted to the exponential models of Tettelin et al. (2005) and Willenbrock et al. (2007).
“Strict” consensus core genomes of single-copy orthologous sequences were determined, using the intersections of the three clustering algorithms, and used to construct phylogenomic trees. Briefly, the amino acid sequences of single-copy orthologous clusters were, first, independently aligned, using Clustal Omega v1.2.3 (Sievers et al., 2011). The resulting alignments were concatenated and processed, using Gblocks v0.91b to remove poorly aligned positions (Castresana, 2000; Talavera and Castresana, 2007). The resulting trimmed alignments were used to construct phylogenetic trees, using the software PhyML v3.1 (Guindon et al., 2010) and a maximum-likelihood estimation. A Shimodaira-Hasegawa-like approximate likelihood-ratio test (SH-aLRT) was used for branching statistical support (Anisimova and Gascuel, 2006). The phylogenomic trees were displayed, using iTOL (Letunic and Bork, 2021).
The pan-genomes were determined, using the intersections of clusters determined with COGtriangles and OMCL. The pan-genome clusters were classified according to their presence in all genomes (core), in 95% or more of the genomes (soft-core), in a large number of genomes but in less than 95% of them (shell), and present only in one or two genomes (cloud), as described previously (Koonin and Wolf, 2008; Contreras-Moreira and Vinuesa, 2013). The pan-genome matrix was used to determine the pan-genes of *S. balearica* (i.e., genes that are present in the 11 isolate-derived genome sequences of *S. balearica* and absent in all the 95 non-*S. balearica* genome sequences) (Contreras-Moreira and Vinuesa, 2013).
### 2.7. Evaluation of the 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotide positions of *Stutzerimonas balearica*
The 16S rRNA gene sequences were extracted from the isolate-derived genome sequences included in this study, using RNAmmer v1.2 (Lagesen et al., 2007), and aligned with the partial sequences of the reference strains of the former 21 genomovars of *P. stutzeri* (currently, phylogenomic species of *Stutzerimonas*), using MUSCLE v3.8.425 (Edgar, 2004), implemented in AliView v1.25 (Larsson, 2014). The seven MAGs analyzed did not contain any 16S rRNA gene sequence. The genome sequence of *S. balearica* YC-YH1 also did not contain any 16S rRNA gene sequence. Alternatively, a publicly-available and nearly-complete sequence was included (GenBank accession number: KJ786450.1). The genome sequences of some type strain genome sequences also lacked an assembled 16S rRNA gene sequence. In those cases, a 16S rRNA gene sequence was obtained from the List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) (Parte, 2014). According to EzBiocloud, *Pseudomonas furukawaiii* is the species presenting the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.8%) with that of *S. balearica*. Therefore, *P. furukawaiii* (GenBank accession number AP014862.1), despite being a member of the *Pseudomonas resinovorans* group (Lalucat et al., 2020, 2022), was also included in the analysis.
Subsequently, the alignment was inspected manually to determine: first, if the 37 signature nucleotide positions are conserved among *S. balearica* strains; second, if the signature nucleotide positions are exclusive of *S. balearica*. Additionally, a distance matrix was constructed in MEGA7 (Kumar et al., 2016), using the Jukes-Cantor model (Jukes and Cantor, 1969), to determine the intra- and interspecies sequence variability of the 16S rRNA gene.
### 2.8. Search of 16S rRNA gene sequences of *Stutzerimonas balearica*
The partial 16S rRNA gene sequence of *S. balearica* DSM 6083T (positions 50–650bp, which encompass all 37 signature nucleotide positions; GenBank accession number: CP007511.1) was queried, using BLASTN, against the NCBI Nucleotide collection (nr/nt) database (Sayers et al., 2022), to find 16S rRNA gene sequences of additional strains of *S. balearica*. Sequences with similarities greater than or equal to 99.6% and greater than or equal to 90% of query coverage were downloaded and aligned, using MUSCLE v3.8.425 (Edgar, 2004), implemented in AliView v1.25 (Larsson, 2014). Sequences containing all 37 signature nucleotide positions of *S. balearica* were considered to be from members of the species.
### 2.9. Functional annotations of genome sequences
The protein sequences predicted by PGAP or DFAST (if PGAP was not available) were annotated, using Blast2GO (Conesa et al., 2005), InterProScan v5.54–87.0 (Jones et al., 2014) and eggNOG-Mapper v2.1.0 (Huerta-Cepas et al., 2017), with the eggNOG v5.0.2 database (Huerta-Cepas et al., 2019). Transfer of eggNOG annotations was limited to one-to-one orthology and to experimental evidence (i.e., prioritizing precision). The taxonomic scope was limited to *Gammaproteobacteria* (NCBI Taxonomy ID: 1236). The annotated Gene Ontology (GO) terms were validated to remove redundant terms based on the GO True Path Rule and filtered, using the class *Gammaproteobacteria* (Taxonomy ID: 1236). Subsequently, GOs were mapped to Enzyme Commission (EC) numbers, which were used together with EggNOG to annotate KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways (Kanehisa et al., 2020). Blast2GO, EggNOG and InterProScan annotations were performed, using the platform OmicsBox v2.0.36 (BioBam Bioinformatics S.L., Valencia, Spain). The protein sequences were also classified into Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) categories (Galperin et al., 2015), using
eggNOG-Mapper v2.1.6 (Huerta-Cepas et al., 2017) with the eggNOG v5.0 orthology resource (Huerta-Cepas et al., 2019), using the conditions listed above. Protein sequences of certain genes of interest were also analyzed, using InterPro 9.1.0 (Blum et al., 2020). Antibiotic resistance genes were searched, using the tool Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) v5.2.1 of the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) v3.1.4 (Alcock et al., 2020). Biocide and metal resistance genes were searched, using the BacMet v2.0 database (Pal et al., 2013) and the BacMet script BacMet-Scan.pl, against the database of “Experimentally confirmed resistance genes.” Virulence factors were searched, using VFAnalyzer, of the Virulence Factors Database (VFDB) (Liu et al., 2022). Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas systems were predicted, using the on-line tool CRISPRone (Zhang and Ye, 2017). Prophages were predicted, using PHASTER (Arndt et al., 2016). Putative integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) and integrative and mobilizable elements (IMEs) were searched, using ICEFinder v1.0 (Liu et al., 2018). As ICEFinder can only analyze one single sequence per submission, the contigs or scaffolds of draft genome sequences and MAGs were merged into a single sequence per genome, using UGENE v43.0 (Okonechnikov et al., 2012), and contig/scaffolds were separated from each other by ten N’s. Natural transformation genes were searched for, using VFAnalyzer (Liu et al., 2022), BLAST v2.5.0+ (Altschul et al., 1990), and the genome sequence of *Stutzerimonas nitrititolerans* strain DSM 10701 (=JM300; the former reference strain of the genomovar 8 of *S. stutzeri*) as a reference (Busquets et al., 2012). Genes encoding regulatory proteins were predicted, using P2RP v2.7 (Barakat et al., 2013).
### 2.10. In silico identification of pathways for degradation of aromatic compounds
Well-characterized gene products of key central and peripheral aromatic pathways (Ferrero et al., 2002; Pérez-Pantoja et al., 2008, 2012) were used as initial seeds to search for orthologous sequences throughout the genomes and MAGs of *S. balearica* strains, using BLAST v2.7.1 (Altschul et al., 1990). Proteins displaying at least 30% amino acid identity with query sequences were selected for additional analysis, including sequence similarity search in the protein database of GenBank (Sayers et al., 2022), identification of conserved domains, using the Conserved Domain database v3.19 (Lu et al., 2019), and manual inspection of gene neighborhoods, using Artemis v17.0.1 (Carver et al., 2011). Once a key orthologous sequence of central and/or peripheral aromatic pathway was identified, a complementary gene search of the whole pathway was performed, using the same strategy as before. A schematic representation of presence/absence of genes was generated, using Heatmapper (Babicki et al., 2016).
### 2.11. Growth assays of aromatic compounds
The six strains of *S. balearica* available at the Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) were grown in mineral salts medium (14 g/l Na$_2$HPO$_4$·12H$_2$O, 2 g/l KH$_2$PO$_4$, 50 mg/l Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$·4H$_2$O, 1 g/l (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$, 200 mg/l MgSO$_4$·7H$_2$O, 278 µg/l FeSO$_4$·7H$_2$O, 70 µg/l ZnCl$_2$, 100 µg/l MnCl$_2$·4H$_2$O, 62 µg/l H$_3$BO$_3$, 190 µg/L CoCl$_2$·6H$_2$O, 17 µg/L CuCl$_2$·2H$_2$O, 24 µg/L NiCl$_2$·6H$_2$O, 36 µg/L Na$_2$MoO$_4$·2H$_2$O), supplemented with 2.5 mM benzoate, phenol, salicylate, naphthalene, phenylalanine and tyrosine as sole carbon and energy source. Naphthalene was dissolved in acetone. As growth control, acetone was used without the addition of naphthalene. The cultures were incubated in borosilicate glass tubes at 30°C for 5 days and optical densities at 600 nm (OD$_{600}$) were measured, using a Synergy HTX multimode plate reader (BioTek, Winooski, VT, United States). Cultures were inoculated with 100-fold dilutions from overnight cultures grown on R2A broth. At least three biological replicates were performed for each growth measurement.
### 3. Results and discussion
#### 3.1. ANIb and phylogenomic species assignment of genome sequences
The ANIb values were calculated between all the 113 genome sequences included in this study (Supplementary Table 2), which revealed a total of 33 genomic species clusters and confirmed the species identities of the 18 genome sequences of *S. balearica* (Figure 1). It is notable that, of the 16 confirmed genome sequences of *S. balearica* obtained from GenBank, three were misclassified as *S. stutzeri* and two were listed as *Pseudomonas* sp., which exemplifies the problem of the poor classifications or misclassifications of strains of *S. balearica*. The lowest ANIb value between *S. balearica* strains was 96.54%, while the highest was 100%, i.e., between strains KOL14W2010, KOL14W2549549, and KOL14.W25.495.B5. These three strains were isolated from the same geographical area at Kolumbo submarine volcano (Greece), which probably explains the high level of genomic sequence similarity (Mandalakis et al., 2019). When excluding the values between these clonal strains, the highest ANIb value within *S. balearica* was 98.46%. Meanwhile, the highest ANIb between *S. balearica* DSM 6083$^T$ and a non-*S. balearica* strain of the dataset of this study was observed to be 81.24% (*Stutzerimonas* sp. strain 24a75, pgs 17, ref.), and the highest ANIb value with a non-*S. balearica* type strain was with *S. degradans* DSM 50238$^T$ (81.08%), followed by *S. stutzeri* CGMCC 11803$^T$ (80.93%). Among other strains of *Stutzerimonas* species, the highest inter-pgs ANIb value was 92.51% (between *Stutzerimonas chloritidismutans* AW-1$^T$, and *Stutzerimonas* sp. strain NF13, pgs 19), while the lowest was 74.85% (*Stutzerimonas urangiensis* T3$^T$, and *Stutzerimonas zhaodongensis* NEAU-STS-21$^T$).
The ANIb values between the 20 type strains included in this study ranged from 71.24% (*S. zhaodongensis* NEAU-STS-21$^T$ and *Pseudomonas matsuosi* JCM 30078$^T$) to 95.84% (*Stutzerimonas kunmingensis* DSM 25974$^T$ and *S. chloritidismutans* AW-1$^T$). The high ANIb value indicates that *S. kunmingensis* and *S. chloritidismutans* are, in fact, synonymous, which is in agreement with previous observations (Hesse et al., 2018; Lalucat et al., 2020). Indeed, Gomila et al. emended the description of *S. chloritidismutans*, which includes strains of former *P. stutzeri* genomovar 3, of which *S. kunmingensis* is a later heterotypic synonym (Cladera et al., 2006; Gomila et al., 2022). This is supported also in this study by the high ANIb values (>96%) between the type strains of *S. chloritidismutans*, *S. kunmingensis* and the reference strain of the former *P. stutzeri* genomovar 3. If the synonyms are excluded, the highest ANIb value between type strains of *Stutzerimonas* is 89.29% (between *S. frequens* DNSP21$^T$ and
S. *stutzeri* CGMCC 11803\(^7\)). Additionally, when looking at the ANIb values between the 20 type strains, one notices that *P. matsuisol* exhibits the lowest values. This species was considered to be a member of the *P. stutzeri* group by Lalucat et al. after performing a four-gene multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) (Lalucat et al., 2020). However, *P. matsuisol* was the most distantly-related species, together with *Pseudomonas indica* and *Pseudomonas kuykendallii*, which were previously also considered to be members of the former *P. stutzeri* group (Lalucat et al., 2020). Indeed, these three species have been recently shown to not be members of the former *P. stutzeri* group and to form ‘orphan’ groups of individual single species (Girard et al., 2021; Lalucat et al., 2022).
Worth noting is that *S. stutzeri* strain DSM 17088 was supposed to be the reference strain of pgs 12 (Sikorski et al., 2005; Gomila et al., 2022), but instead was affiliated with pgs 14. Partial *rpoD* sequencing of the CCUG deposit of this strain (i.e., CCUG 50543) revealed the same problem (GenBank accession number: OP081805.1). This suggests that a mix-up probably happened before the strain was deposited in these two culture collections. The ANIb analysis also confirmed that strain DW2-1 is a member of “*Stutzerimonas songnenensis*,” which is supported by the *rpoD* comparative analysis (Supplementary Figure 1) and in agreement with Li et al. (2022).
The inclusion of partial *rpoD* sequences of all the reference strains of the 21 former *P. stutzeri* genomovars allowed the assignment of two strains to phylogenomic species for which the genome sequences for the reference strains were not available for this study. Partial *rpoD* data also indicated that *S. zhaodongensis* is equivalent to the former genomovar 20, which supports the results from Gomila et al. (2022). However, in three cases, the *rpoD* analysis contradicted the ANIb results. One of these cases was the type strain of...
*S. kunningensis* (DSM 25974\(^T\)), which is synonymous with *S. chloritidismutans*, according to the ANIb analyses, but was assigned to *Stutzerimonas* pgs 19 by the *rpoD* analysis. Two other cases were the strains PS_066 and SGAir0442, which, according to ANIb analyses are members of *S. stutzeri*, but clustered with strain KOS6 (pgs 23, ref.) in the *rpoD* analysis. For the rest of strains, the *rpoD* analysis was in agreement with the ANIb results, although the observed discrepancies highlight the importance of relying, when possible, on whole-genome comparisons rather than single gene analyses.
In total, 75 of the 81 strains originally classified as *S. stutzeri* in GenBank were assigned to 15 of the 21 former *P. stutzeri* genomovars and one strain was assigned to “*S. songnenensis*.” These 75 strains included two *S. perfectomarina* strains (including the type strain), four *S. chloritidismutans* strains (including the type strain), three *S. frequens* strains (including the type strain), five *S. degradans* strains (including the type strain), two *S. nitrirtolerans* strains, and two “*S. decontaminans*” strains (including the type strain), i.e., the former genomovars 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 4, respectively (Gomila et al., 2022; Mulet et al., 2023). The remaining six strains had been assigned previously to recently proposed phylogenomic species of *Stutzerimonas* (Gomila et al., 2022).
### 3.2. Core and pan-genome analyses of *Stutzerimonas balearica*
A pan–genome analysis was carried out, including the Prokka-annotated protein sequences of the 113 genome sequences used in the ANIb calculations. The analysis revealed a “strict” consensus core genome of single copy proteins, which was formed by 535 proteins when excluding the seven MAGs and 699 proteins when excluding the type strains of *P. indica*, *P. kuykendallii* and *P. matsuisol*. These three type strains were reported previously to be members of the *P. stutzeri* group (i.e., *Stutzerimonas*) after a four-gene MLSA (Lalucat et al., 2020), but later shown to form orphan groups, by phylogenomic analyses (Girard et al., 2021; Lalucat et al., 2022). The observed numbers are in line with the 524 single-copy orthologous genes shared between the 123 strains of the *P. stutzeri* complex and the four outgroup strains analyzed by Li et al. (2022). These are also in accordance with the 666 core genes detected by Gomila et al. when outgroup strains of the family *Pseudomonadaceae* were included with the analysis of 200 strains (Gomila et al., 2022). The 699 proteins, totaling 210,488 amino acid positions, were used to construct a phylogenomic tree (Figure 2). In this 113-genomes phylogenomic tree, *S. balearica* strains cluster together with strains of *S. degradans* and *Stutzerimonas* sp. strain TS44 (pgs 26, ref.), but forming a distinct and separate branch. A second phylogenomic tree was also constructed, using a “strict” consensus single-copy core genome of 127 protein sequences, totaling 35,374 amino acid positions, including the MAGs and the type strains of *P. indica*, *P. kuykendallii* and *P. matsuisol* (Supplementary Figure 2). The two trees showed highly similar structures and, in both cases, all strains of *S. balearica* clustered together in a single monophyletic branch, closely-related to *S. degradans* and *Stutzerimonas* sp. strain TS44. The 113-genomes tree also shows that the type strains of *P. indica*, *P. kuykendallii* and *P. matsuisol* were the three strains most distantly related from the type strain of *S. stutzeri*, i.e., the type species of the genus *Stutzerimonas*, which confirms the results from Girard et al. (2021) and Lalucat et al. (2022).
The BDBH clustering algorithm estimated a core genome size of nearly 900 gene clusters (estimations ranging from 858 to 893 gene clusters) for the 103 isolate-derived genome sequences of *Stutzerimonas* (i.e., the seven MAGs and the three non-*Stutzerimonas* genomes excluded) (Figure 3A). The Tettelin and the Willenbrock models estimated the size of the core genome of the 103 genome sequences in 1,035 and 957 gene clusters, respectively (Figure 3A). If 1,000 were added, according to these models, the sizes of the core genome would be 1,032 and 687 gene clusters, respectively. These estimations are in line with the 1,104 and 1,054 core genes predicted after including 123 (27 genomic species) (Li et al., 2022) and 200 genome sequences (45 genomic species) (Gomila et al., 2022), respectively. The core genome estimations may vary depending on the algorithms used, clustering parameters, the number of strains, their diversity and the quality of the genome sequences and annotation, but all in all, demonstrate that the members of the genus *Stutzerimonas* share a relatively small core genome, which represents approximately a 15–25% of the average number of coding sequences per genome annotated by PGAP in the *Stutzerimonas* genomes included in this study. This is in line with what has been found among other members of the family *Pseudomonadaceae* (Udondo et al., 2016; Gomila et al., 2017; Freschi et al., 2019; Whelan et al., 2021). However, larger scale analyses including more genomes (and if possible complete) and more genomic species are necessary to get more exact estimations. For instance, after the inclusion of more than 1,300 genome sequences, Freschi et al. determined that the core genome of *P. aeruginosa* was formed by 665 genes, which represents approximately 10% of a typical *P. aeruginosa* genome (Freschi et al., 2019).
The analysis also revealed that the genome sequences derived from 103 isolated strains of *Stutzerimonas* species included in this study exhibit an open pan–genome (Figure 3B), formed by 15,484 gene clusters, according to the estimation of the OMCL-COGtriangles algorithms (Figures 3B,C). When the seven MAGs of *S. balearica* were included, the size increased to 16,628 gene clusters. These pan–genome sizes are in line with the studies published by Li et al. (2022) and Gomila et al. (2022), which reported 13,261 and 18,654 gene clusters, respectively. The Tettelin exponential model estimated that if 1,000 genomes were analyzed, the pan–genome would comprise 62,647 gene clusters, which indicates that the isolation and sequencing of additional strains of *Stutzerimonas* will reveal large amounts of novel genes. However, large-scale studies, such as that of Freschi et al. (2019) are needed to get more precise estimations. Moreover, studies aiming to sequence novel strains of *Stutzerimonas* would probably end up revealing novel genomic species and, thus, increase the knowledge of the diversity of *Stutzerimonas*. It is also notable that nearly 10,000 of the 15,484 gene clusters were found in only one strain (Figure 3C), which confirms the extremely high diversity of the genus *Stutzerimonas*.
The analysis of the 11 isolate-derived genome sequences of *S. balearica* revealed a core genome of 3,071 gene clusters (BDBH estimations) (Figure 3D). The estimated core genome sizes, according to the Tettelin and Willenbrock models, were 3,167 and 3,138 gene clusters, respectively. According to these models, the sizes of the core genome would decrease to 3,163 and 3,037, respectively, if 1,000 genomes were analyzed. In any case, this should be confirmed by including additional strains of *S. balearica* in the analyses. The
analyses also revealed that *S. balearica* has an open pan-genome (Figure 3E), formed by 6,100 gene clusters according to the OMCL-COGtriangles algorithms (Figure 3F). The consensus “strict” single-copy core genome (i.e., the intersection of the BDBH, COG and OMCL algorithms) was formed by 2,987 gene clusters (Figure 3G).
When the MAGs were included, the size of the pan-genome estimated by the OMCL-COGtriangles algorithms increased to 7,867 gene clusters (Figures 3H,I). In the analysis of the 11 isolate-derived genome sequences of *S. balearica*, the Willenbrock model estimated that, if 100 genomes were analyzed, the pan-genome would be formed by 17,144 gene clusters. If the seven MAGs were included in the analysis, the predicted pan-genome for 100 genome sequences increased slightly to 17,661 gene clusters. This small increase, which occurred despite the relatively low completeness of four of the MAGs, might be due to contamination during the binning process, even if CheckM indicated low levels of contamination (<3%) (Parks et al., 2015). More contiguous or even complete MAGs with less contamination could be obtained by using long-read sequencing in metagenomic studies (Chen et al., 2020; Sereika et al., 2022). The presence of the three clonal strains in the pan-genomic analysis may also have an effect on the exponential models and cause an underestimation of the slope of the pan-genome, but in any case, these results indicate that *S. balearica* has a clearly open pan-genome and that sequencing additional strains will continue revealing new genes.
The pan-genome analyses also revealed 24 genes which were present in all of the 11 isolate-derived genome sequences of *S. balearica* but absent in the 95 non-*S. balearica* genome sequences (i.e., pan-genes; Supplementary Table 4). Annotations revealed that 17 of the genes encode membrane-bound proteins. Four and seven of the genes were grouped in two respective gene clusters. In the first gene cluster, two genes encode hypothetical proteins that could not be assigned to any function, another one a transcription factor, and a fourth one an EAL domain-containing protein, which could potentially serve as a phosphodiesterase or regulate cell motility and biofilm formation (Youssef et al., 2017). The same gene cluster also contains a gene encoding a carbon storage regulator protein, which is
not exclusive of *S. balearica*. The second gene cluster includes genes encoding subunits of a NADH-quinone oxidoreductase. In *P. aeruginosa*, the presence of three enzymes for catalyzing the NADH-quinone oxidoreductase step of the respiratory chain, which confer resilience on its energy production systems, was shown in a previous study (Hreha et al., 2021). Another pan-gene, which is not located in the NADH-quinone oxidoreductase gene cluster, also encodes a protein potentially involved in the electron transport chain, possibly a cytochrome C oxidase subunit. Other genes encode proteins with domains for various activities. These include a methyltransferase domain, a protein with an acetyltransferase domain, and possible S-methyl-5-thioribose-1-phosphate isomerase activity. Another gene encodes a dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase, potentially involved in dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis and thus in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharide and rhamnolipids (i.e., surfactants) (Olvera et al., 1999). Finally, a gene codifies for a
membrane lipoprotein and multiple genes encode hypothetical proteins.
### 3.3. Clusters of orthologous groups functional annotation of *Stutzerimonas balearica*
The accessioned protein sequences annotated by PGAP or DFAST were assigned to COG functional categories. The distribution of the COG categories was similar among all the *S. balearica* strains and, in all of them, about a 20% of the proteins were assigned to the category “function unknown” (Figure 4), highlighting once again the need for studies to characterize and unveil the function of yet undescribed proteins. Other categories with large numbers of assigned proteins were “energy production and conversion,” “amino acid transport and metabolism,” and “inorganic ion transport and metabolism,” which might be due to the wide metabolic versatility of *Stutzerimonas* (Lalucat et al., 2006). The categories “signal transduction mechanisms” and “transcription” were also among those with the highest numbers of assigned proteins, which is in line with the large regulatory network previously reported in *Pseudomonas* (Stover et al., 2000). The category “cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis” also encompassed numerous proteins (>200 per strain), which is reasonable, considering that *S. balearica* is a widely distributed and versatile species that deals with numerous environmental conditions and is exposed to a wide range of stressing conditions.
### 3.4. Habitats and environmental distribution of *Stutzerimonas balearica*
The description of *S. balearica*, presented 37 species-specific 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotide positions distributed in 18 regions of the 16S rRNA gene (Bennasar et al., 1996). Those signatures were determined by comparing the 16S rRNA gene sequences of 2 *S. balearica* strains with the consensus 16S rRNA gene sequences of the former *P. stutzeri* strains, which, at that time, were classified in six genomovars. However, since then, many species and phylogenomic species of *Stutzerimonas* and species of *Pseudomonas* have been described and more strains of *S. balearica* obtained. For these reasons, the current relevance of the described signature nucleotide positions for detecting and differentiating strains of *S. balearica* is unclear.
The comparison of the sequences included in this study revealed that the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence identity between *S. balearica* DSM 6083$^T$ and the type strain of another species was 97.7% (*P. furukawaiii* KF707$^T$, in agreement with EzBiocloud), while the lowest sequence identity among strains of *S. balearica* was 99.6%. The analysis also revealed that only one signature position remains exclusive to *S. balearica* (*E. coli* position 224). This was partly due to the relatively high similarities of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strain of *S. balearica* and the type strains of *S. azotifigens*, *P. furukawaiii*, *P. indica*, *P. matsuisoli*, *S. urumqiensis*, particularly in the hypervariable region V1, which harbors 18 of the 37 signature nucleotide positions. However, none of the non-*S. balearica* strains contained
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**FIGURE 4**
COG functional categories distribution of the accessioned proteins of the isolate-derived genome sequences and MAGs of *S. balearica* and the type strain of *S. stutzeri*. *MAGs with a CheckM completeness estimate lower than 95%.*
the combination of all 37 signature nucleotide positions, while the 16S rRNA gene sequences derived from all 10 *S. balearica* genomes and the nearly-complete sequence of strain YC-YH1 maintained all 37 signature nucleotide positions. These results indicate that the 16S rRNA gene sequences can be used effectively to differentiate *S. balearica* from other closely-related species. This allowed us to establish a two-step strategy to screen for and detect strains of *S. balearica* in public sequence databases, based on sequence identity and identification of the 37 signature nucleotide positions (Figure 5A).
The BLASTN of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of *S. balearica* DSM 6083\(^T\) against NCBI Nucleotide collection (nr/nt) database yielded 173 sequences with 99.6% or greater sequence identity and with 90% or greater query coverage. Of these, 158 were strains without publicly available genome sequence that contained all 37 signature nucleotides. All of these sequences were considered to be derived from authentic *S. balearica* strains that, together with the 18 that were already included in the study, add up to as many as 176 *S. balearica* strains (Supplementary Table 3). This demonstrates that the proposed strategy is a useful method for identifying strains of *S. balearica* by analyzing 16S rRNA gene sequence in cases where genomic data is not available. To increase further the reliability of the identification, the strategy could be complemented with *rpoD* gene sequencing, which despite the discrepancies that have been observed for a few strains of some species of *Stutzerimonas*, has shown full agreement with the genomic-based taxonomic assignments of *S. balearica*.
The strategy is highly restrictive, as it allows only for strains exhibiting sequences with 99.6% or greater identity and all 37 signature nucleotide positions, to be considered as authentic *S. balearica*. A consequence of this is that authentic *S. balearica* strains probably have been missed, because their partial 16S rRNA gene sequences did not cover one or more signature nucleotide positions. However, we consider that being strict and missing strains is more reliable than setting relaxed thresholds and having a higher risk of obtaining false positives.
It is notable that only 23% (37/158) of the sequences were originally labeled as *S. balearica*, while 68% (107/158) were assigned to higher rank taxa and 9% (14/158) were misclassified, 13 as *S. stutzeri* and one as *Mesobacillus subterraneus*. This shows, once again, the problems with lack of accuracy and misclassified sequences in public databases (Ashelford et al., 2005; Yarza et al., 2008), which is widely extended and was even shown to affect specialized 16S rRNA gene sequence databases, such as SILVA and RDP (Ribosomal Database Project) (Edgar, 2018), despite the availability of tools and curated databases, such as EzBiocloud, that can help to alleviate the problems of inaccurate and wrongly classified of 16S rRNA gene sequences (Yoon et al., 2017).
Information about the geographical origins was available for 116 of the 176 *S. balearica* strains (Supplementary Table 3). These strains, alone, cover more than 30 countries from around the world and illustrate the geographically ubiquitous distribution of *S. balearica*. Additionally, information about the sources was available for 164 of the strains and included a wide range of environments (Figure 5B), including diverse aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and several plant, animal, and fungal hosts. Interestingly, 61% (100 of 164) originated from polluted or anthropogenic environments, which is in agreement with what previous reports have suggested (Rossello et al., 1991; Bennasar et al., 1996; Dutta, 2001; Mulet et al., 2008; Ahmadi et al., 2017; Salgar-Chaparro et al., 2020). Moreover, 13% (22 of 164) originated from waste waters or sludge and 38% (62 of 164) originated from petroleum oil-related sources. This could be due to sampling bias toward these kinds of environments or a selection for *S. balearica*, but, in any case, such a predominance of suchlike environments highlights the relevance and the potential of *S. balearica* strains for bioremediation applications.
**FIGURE 5**
Search strategy and origin of strains of *S. balearica*. (A) Two-step strategy to detect and identify public 16S rRNA gene sequences of *S. balearica* strains. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of *S. balearica* DSM 6083\(^T\) (positions 50–650bp) is analyzed, using BLASTN. The signature nucleotide positions are checked in sequences showing ≥99.6% of sequence identity and ≥90% of query coverage. (B) Sources of the 164 *S. balearica* strains for which source information was available. *The strains were assigned to one or more environments, based on the source information.*
Additionally, 54% of these strains (89 of 164) were obtained from aquatic or water-containing sources and, 55% of these (49 of 89), originated from marine environments, which is in accordance with the described capacity of *S. balearica* to grow in the presence of 8.5% NaCl (Bennasar et al., 1996). Moreover, Li et al. recently suggested that the ancestors of the *P. stutzeri* complex may have originated from high-osmolarity environments, due to the presence of an ectoine biosynthesis gene cluster present in all genomes of the *P. stutzeri* complex (currently *Stutzerimonas*) and absent in most of the other *Pseudomonas* genomes (Li et al., 2022). Meanwhile, 13 strains were associated with plants, one with fungal spores, seven with animals and, interestingly, three were derived from human samples, one from the skin of a healthy individual and two from clinical samples. Indeed, a recent study reported a clinical carbapenem-resistant *S. balearica* strain isolated from a tracheal aspirate and carrying a VIM metallo-β-lactamase (Uddin et al., 2022). This suggests that potential of *S. balearica* to cause opportunistic infections and to carry relevant antimicrobial-resistance factors should not be disregarded, especially considering that rapid phenotypic identification methods often misidentify *S. balearica* strains as *S. stutzeri* (Uddin et al., 2022). Indeed, *S. stutzeri* is often isolated from clinical samples (Köse et al., 2004; Sader and Jones, 2005; Scotta et al., 2012; Mulet et al., 2017), which highlights the importance of accurate species and phylogenomic species identification in the clinics. Altogether, these data demonstrate that *S. balearica* is a versatile bacterium that can be found in a wide range of environments, similar to that of the nearly universal presence of *S. stutzeri* and *P. aeruginosa* (Lalucat et al., 2006; Crone et al., 2019). In many cases, *S. balearica* strains have been isolated because of certain metabolic and physiological properties of interest, such as denitrification, oxidation of thiosulfate, oxidation of 2-chloroethanol and iron, halotolerance, biofilm formation, antimicrobial properties, degradation of pesticides and polyethylene, biosurfactant production, but especially for capacities for biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons (Supplementary Table 3). Additionally, several studies have reported on strains of *S. balearica* with other properties of interest, such as amylase production (Kizhakedathil and Subathra, 2021), nitrogen fixation (Beauchamp et al., 2006), degradation of tributyltin (used as a biocide in antifouling paints) (Sampath et al., 2012), methylmercury decomposition (Lee et al., 2012) or bioleaching of gold and silver (Kumar et al., 2018). However, the identifications of such strains could not be verified or did not fulfill the identification thresholds used in this study. Altogether, these observations reinforce the idea that *S. balearica* is a species with large potential, not limited to bioremediation applications, particularly in highly-polluted marine and salty environments.
### 3.5. Degradation of aromatic compounds by *Stutzerimonas balearica*
Strains of *Stutzerimonas* are well known for their potential in aerobic bioremediation of aromatic compounds (Lalucat et al., 2006) and, indeed, several strains of *S. balearica* have been reported to be degraders of aromatic compounds (Rossello et al., 1991; Dutta, 2001; Parreira et al., 2011). To draw a wider picture of the potential of *S. balearica* for bioremediation, gene products of central and peripheral pathways of catabolism of aromatic compounds were searched for in the 11 isolate-derived genome sequences and seven MAGs. Additionally, growth assays to confirm their degradative capabilities were performed on six of these 11 strains (i.e., the six that were available at the CCUG).
Seven of the 11 genome sequences from isolated strains and three MAGs codified for the complete catechol *ortho* ring-cleavage pathway (Figure 6), containing the key enzyme catechol 1,2-dioxygenase. This enzyme was described in well-known biodegradative strains, such as *Pseudomonas* sp. strain EST1001 and *Acinetobacter baylyi* strain ADP1, which catabolize a wide range of aromatic compounds (Neidle et al., 1988; Kivisaar et al., 1991). The presence of the catechol *ortho*-cleavage pathway was correlated with benzoate degradation (Figure 6), since the same genomes that contained the complete catechol degradation route harbored genes codifying for a three-component benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase (BenABC) and 1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase (BenD) (Figure 6; Supplementary Table 4). This is usually required for complete benzoate degradation by bacterial species (Pérez-Pantoja et al., 2012). Exceptionally, the gene encoding the large subunit of benzoate dioxygenase (*benA*) was found to be frame-shifted in the genome sequence of *S. balearica* DSM 6083\(^T\), suggesting a non-functional benzoate degradation pathway in this bacterium. Of these strains with genes for benzoate degradation, four could be tested for growth on benzoate as a sole carbon and energy source, of which only two (*S. balearica* strain LS401 and strain st101) were able to grow adequately (Table 1). *S. balearica* DSM 6083\(^T\) did not grow on benzoate, which was expected, due to the frame-shift in the *benA* gene, while *S. balearica* strain CCUG 18844 (= FDAARGOS_1013) grew very weakly, despite harboring all necessary genes and being previously reported as a benzoate degrader (Pichinoty et al., 1977). However, this strain also grew very weakly on phenylalanine, tyrosine (Table 1) and, even, on non-aromatic compounds, such as succinate. Thus, a possible explanation is that the strain may harbor auxotrophic features that result in limited growth on minimal media.
Three isolated strains (*S. balearica* DSM 6083\(^T\), LS401, and EC28) encoded for the entire catechol *meta*-cleavage pathway (Figure 6), harboring a key catechol 2,3-dioxygenase similar to those contained in plasmids pWW0, pNAH7 and pDK1. These plasmids are found in *Pseudomonas* species associated with the catabolism of toluene, naphthalene and phenol, respectively (Harayama et al., 1987; Bartilson and Shingler, 1989; Benjamin et al., 1991). Moreover, the genome sequences of two strains (*S. balearica* DSM 6083\(^T\) and strain LS401), which harbor the catechol *meta*-cleavage pathway, codified all components for channeling naphthalene into catechol (Figure 6), and both strains were able to grow using naphthalene and salicylate as sole carbon and energy sources (Table 1), which is in agreement with a previous study (Rossello et al., 1991). *S. balearica* strain CCUG 66667 (= st101), despite being originally described as naphthalene degrader (Dutta, 2001), was not able to grow on naphthalene as a sole carbon and energy source and no genes for naphthalene degradation were detected in its genome sequence, as previously reported (Salvà-Serra et al., 2017). This suggests that *S. balearica* strain st101 may have lost the naphthalene degradation capacity, which could be related to mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, transposons, or integrative conjugative elements, being unstable in the absence of selective pressure (Phale et al., 2019). As well, one of the 11 isolate-derived genome sequences (*S. balearica* EC28) and one MAG (*S. balearica* UBA3230) encoded for a multicomponent phenol 2-monooxygenase (Figure 6), comparable
FIGURE 6
Pathways for degradation of aromatic compounds in *S. balearica*. (A) Overview of putative peripheral and ring-cleavage pathways of aromatic compounds found in *S. balearica* genome sequences. Strains containing the full set of genes for a biodegradative route are indicated in each colored box. (B) Schematic representation of presence/absence (blue/white coloring) pattern of genes belonging to central and peripheral aromatic pathways in genome sequences of *S. balearica*. Red indicates incomplete or frame-shifted gene. *MAGs with a CheckM completeness estimate lower than 95%.
TABLE 1. Growth assays performed on aromatic compounds with the six *S. balearica* strains that are available at the CCUG.
| *S. balearica* strain | Benzoate | Phenol | Salicylate | Naphthalene | Phenylalanine | Tyrosine |
|-----------------------|----------|--------|------------|-------------|---------------|---------|
| CCUG 44487 (= DSM 6083<sup>T</sup> (= SP1401<sup>T</sup>)) | — | — | + | + | +/- | + |
| CCUG 66666 (= LS401) | + | — | + | + | +/- | + |
| CCUG 66667 (= a101) | + | — | — | — | +/- | + |
| CCUG 70972 (= Z8) | — | — | — | — | +/- | + |
| CCUG 72049 (= SAGV3-2SA2) | — | — | — | — | +/- | + |
| CCUG 18844 (= DSM 46326 = FDAARGOS_1013) | +/- | — | — | — | +/- | +/- |
—: assays showed no growth after 5 days.
+/-: assays showed very weak growth, in all cases not higher than OD<sub>600</sub> = 0.1.
+: assays showed distinct growth, in all cases higher than OD<sub>600</sub> = 0.4.
to that found in *Pseudomonas* sp. strain CF600, which has been related to phenol catabolism through catechol *meta*-cleavage pathway (Shingler et al., 1989; Nordlund et al., 1990), and that found in *S. chloritidismutans* strain ST-9 (Michael et al., 2017). Additionally, all sequences except various MAGs, harbored the homogentisate ring-cleavage pathway (Figure 6), which is associated with catabolism of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine (Arias-Barrau et al., 2004). In this context, all six strains were able to grow on tyrosine, but only weakly on phenylalanine as a sole carbon source (Table 1), similar to the phenotype reported in *Pseudomonas putida* strain KT2440, in which growth on phenylalanine as the sole carbon source was almost negligible, in contrast to growth with phenylalanine as a sole nitrogen source (Herrera and Ramos, 2007).
Genes encoding for extra 45 peripheral and 18 central enzymes for degradation of aromatic compounds were also searched for but were not detected in the analyzed genome sequences (Supplementary Table 4). However, the pan-genomic analysis indicates that only a fraction of the predicted pool of genes of *S. balearica* has been included in this study and that more strains of *S. balearica* will reveal novel genes and pathways. Additionally, it should be noted that four of the seven MAGs included in this study have low completeness levels (67–68%), which indicates that significant fractions of their genomes were missing. This implies that further pathways and capabilities in *S. balearica* strains for biodegradation of aromatic compounds, complementary to homogentisate- and catechol *ortho*- and *meta*-cleavage pathways, might be revealed in future studies.
### 3.6. Additional genomic features of *Stutzerimonas balearica*
The analysis of the genome sequences of *S. balearica*, using the tool RGI (CARD), did not reveal any antibiotic resistance genes that seemed acquired horizontally (Supplementary Table 4). This could be expected as none of the 18 genome sequences is derived from an environment with apparent high antibiotic selective pressure. However, the natural transformation capacity reported for multiple members of *Stutzerimonas* and related species (Carlson et al., 1983; Lorenz and Sikorski, 2000), could potentially facilitate the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes when exposed to antibiotic pressure, such as the reported VIM metallo-β-lactamase in a *S. balearica* clinical isolate (Uddin et al., 2022). Indeed, genes codifying for type IV pili components, which are essential for natural genetic transformation (Graupner et al., 2000, 2001), were found in all genome sequences (Supplementary Table 4). The gene *pilAI*, which is located upstream of *pilB*, in opposite direction, and is essential for pili formation (Graupner et al., 2000), was not detected by the software Vianalyzer. However, a gene encoding a protein with low amino acid identity to PilAI (39% in *S. balearica* DSM 6083T) was found upstream of *pilB* in almost all genome sequences. The genes *comA*, also essential for natural transformation, and *exbB*, which inactivation has been shown to decrease the level of natural transformation (Graupner and Wackernagel, 2001), were found also in all isolate-derived genome sequences and five MAGs. This suggests that natural transformation might have played an important role in the evolution and diversification of *S. balearica*. However, future studies are necessary to elucidate the capacity of *S. balearica* for natural transformation.
The RGI analysis revealed subunits of efflux pumps of the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) and small multidrug resistance (SMR) families, which can play significant roles in resistance by extruding multiple antibiotics (Bay and Turner, 2016; Murakami, 2016). Meanwhile, the search of antibacterial biocide and metal resistance genes revealed a wide range of genes (Supplementary Table 4), which might be advantageous for strains of *S. balearica* to thrive in diverse polluted and anthropogenic environments. Many were widely distributed among the genomes and MAGs and, indeed, are intrinsic of *Pseudomonas* (e.g., the RND efflux pump MexEF-OprN, which in *P. aeruginosa* has been associated with extrusion of multiple antibiotics but also to organic solvents such as *n*-hexane and *p*-xylene) (Köhler et al., 1997; Li et al., 1998), while others were more strain-specific. For instance, *S. balearica* strain YC-YH1 was the only strain containing (and with high amino acid sequence identity to the reference sequence: greater than 98%) the genes coding for all components of TbtABM, an RND multidrug efflux pump that, in *S. stutzeri*, has been associated with resistance to the tributyltin and decreased susceptibility to various antibiotics (Jude et al., 2004). Meanwhile, *S. balearica* strain EC28 was the only strain carrying the gene *qacE*, which encodes an SMR transporter (Quaternary ammonium compound-resistance protein QacE; also with greater than 98% sequence identity to the reference sequence), which has been associated with resistance to intercalating dyes and quaternary ammonium compounds (Paulsen et al., 1993). A homolog of this protein was also found in the MAG *S. balearica* 3300027365_7, although with lower identity to the reference (73.6%).
Multiple factors that have been associated with virulence in *Pseudomonas* were also detected in *S. balearica* genome sequences (Supplementary Table 4). These included genes related with lipopolysaccharide synthesis, the main antigen (O-antigen) and a major and diverse virulence factor of *P. aeruginosa* (Pier, 2007), which has also been shown to be highly diverse in *Stutzerimonas* (Rosselló et al., 1992). Numerous protein sequences were linked to flagella biosynthesis, in agreement with the description of the species (Bennasar et al., 1996), and which has been linked to biofilm formation in *P. aeruginosa* (O’Toole and Kolter, 1998). Other sequences were related with type IV pili biogenesis, which confers twitching motility and which have also been linked to capacity for biofilm formation in *P. aeruginosa* (O’Toole and Kolter, 1998) and to genetic transformation in *P. stutzeri* (Graupner et al., 2000). The genome sequences also revealed multiple elements related with the regulation and biosynthesis of alginate, which in *P. aeruginosa* has been shown to play an important role in biofilm formation and to protect bacteria from external adversities (Nivens et al., 2001). Genes encoding a complete secretion system were found, homologous to the Xcp secretion system of *P. aeruginosa*, a type II secretion system associated with the secretion of numerous substrates encoded all over the chromosome, including toxins and enzymes (Filloux, 2011). In the case of *S. balearica* DSM 6083T, nine of the genes were structured in a single cluster (*xcpR, xcpS, xcpT, xcpU, xcpV, xcpW, xcpX, xcpY, xcpZ*), while two others were co-located elsewhere in the chromosome (*xcpP, xcpQ*). The twelfth gene (*xcpA*), essential for the proper functioning of the Xcp system (Bally et al., 1992), was found in a different region of the chromosome. Additionally, several urease-related genes were detected, including a urea uptake system (*urtA, urtB, urtC, urtD, urtE*), urease subunits (*ureA, ureB, ureC*) and urease accessory proteins (*ureD, ureE, ureF, ureG, uref*).
The genome sequences also revealed that multiple strains of *S. balearica* contain a CRISPR-Cas system (Supplementary Table 4), which are adaptive immune mechanisms that are present in approximately 10% of bacteria (Burstein et al., 2016). The genome sequence of *S. balearica* DSM 6083\textsuperscript{T} revealed a full CRISPR-Cas system subtype I-E (Makarova et al., 2011), comprising nine CRISPR-associated genes and two CRISPR arrays. One CRISPR array was located upstream of the CRISPR-associated genes and contained 69 direct repeats and 68 non-redundant spacer sequences. The other was located downstream, with six direct repeats and five spacers. No leader sequence was detected for this array, which might be the reason of its low number of spacers (Alkhnbashi et al., 2016; Fernández Juarez, 2017). CRISPR-Cas systems with the same genetic structure and a varying number of spacer/repeats were found in five other genome sequences of *S. balearica* strains and three MAGs. The number of spacer/repeats in the other genome sequences ranged from 16/17 to 103/104. An additional potential CRISPR-Cas system of type IV was found in MAG101, containing a CRISPR array formed by 11 spacers and 12 repeats. Viruses are the most common biological entities in the marine environment and can be significant controlling agents on marine bacterial communities (Fuhrman, 1999). Therefore, CRISPR-Cas systems might be critical systems for certain strains of *S. balearica*. In fact, genome analyses also revealed intact prophages in nine of the 18 genome sequences of *S. balearica*, with sizes ranging from 34 to 83 kb (Supplementary Table 4).
Although no plasmids were revealed in the complete genomes, putative ICEs with type IV secretion systems (T4SS) were predicted in six of the isolate-derived genome sequences and four MAGs. The draft status of most of the genomes impeded the estimation of the size of multiple ICEs that were predicted to be split in multiple contigs or scaffolds. However, those predicted on a single contig or scaffold or in complete genome sequences exhibited sizes ranging from 58 to 269 kb (Supplementary Table 4). Multiple IMEs were also predicted, with sizes ranging from 2.3 to 15.6 kb. In *S. balearica* strain FDAARGOS_1013 (= CCUG 18844 = DSM 46326), three ICEs were predicted, totaling 404 kb (i.e., 9.1% of the genome). In the case of *S. balearica* DSM 6083\textsuperscript{T}, the ICE encoded the naphthalene upper pathway and the catechol meta-cleavage pathway. This was observed also in the genome of *S. chloritidismutans* AN10 (formerly, *P. stutzeri* genomovar 3) (Bosch et al., 1999, 2000; Hirose et al., 2021). Among others, ICEs and IMEs encode multiple transporter systems, transposase genes, toxin-antitoxin systems as well as numerous hypothetical proteins. In any case, predictions of these mobile genetic elements should be confirmed in future studies.
The genome sequences also revealed that each *S. balearica* strain carries between 306 and 361 regulatory genes (7.7–8.3% of the isolate-derived genome sequences) (Supplementary Table 4). These included tens of two-component systems, transcription factors (i.e., transcriptional regulators, one-component systems, response regulators and sigma factors) and other DNA-binding proteins. These findings are in accordance with previous reports in *Pseudomonas* (Stover et al., 2000) and suggest that *S. balearica* has a large capacity for adapting to varying environmental conditions and responding to external factors.
### 4. Conclusion
*S. balearica* is a diverse species with an open pan-genome that will continue to reveal new genes as the genomes of new strains are sequenced. The detection of 176 strains of the species revealed that *S. balearica* has been found in a wide range of environments, although principally in aquatic and polluted environments, most of which were associated with the oil industry. The genomes of strains of *S. balearica* indicate that the species has a diverse potential for biodegradation of aromatic compounds, which has been experimentally confirmed in six of the strains, and presents multiple features that increase our understanding of the diversity and the lifestyle of *S. balearica*.
### Data availability statement
The strains used in this study are available at the Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG, Gothenburg, Sweden; www.ccug.se). The draft genome sequence of *S. balearica* strain SAGV3-2SA2 (= CCUG 72049) is deposited and publicly available in DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession no. RAXS00000000. The Illumina sequence reads have been deposited at the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) (Leinonen et al., 2011) under the accession number SRR14574958.
### Author contributions
FS-S, DP-P, JL, and AB-F: conceptualization. FS-S, DP-P, RD, DJ-L, and VF-J: methodology. FS-S, DP-P, RD, DJ-L, and AB-F: validation. FS-S and AB-F: original draft preparation. FS-S, DP-P, RD, DJ-L, VF-J, HE-J, EM, JL, and AB-F: review and editing. HE-J, EM, and AB-F: supervision. EM, JL, and AB-F: project administration. DP-P, EM, JL, and AB-F: funding acquisition. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
### Funding
This work was supported by the Spanish MINECO through projects CGL2009-12180 and Consolider CSD2009-00006, as well as funds for competitive research groups from the Government of the Balearic Islands (the last two funds with FEDER co-funding). The DNA sequencing and analytical work was funded, in part, by the CCUG Project: Genomics and Proteomics Research on Bacterial Diversity. The CCUG is supported by the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and the Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. DP-P and RD acknowledge the support of the FONDECYT 1201741, FONDECYT 11220354, and ANID-PIA/BASAL FB0002 grants of the Chilean government, and the LE19-05 project supported by the Fund of Scientific and Technological Equipment, year 2019, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana.
### Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the staff at the Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) for maintaining and providing the strains. Max Häggblom and Norberto Palleroni (*in memoriam*), at the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology (Rutgers University, NJ, United States), are acknowledged for providing strain st101 (= CCUG 66667). Shokouh Ghafari, at the Infectious Diseases Research Center (Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran), is acknowledged for providing strain Z8 (= CCUG 70972). Anders
Malmborg and the staff at the Substrate Department of the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, are acknowledged for media preparation. The computations were partially performed on resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) through the Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science (UPPMAX) under project SNIC 2019/8-176.
**Conflict of interest**
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
**Publisher’s note**
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
**Supplementary material**
The Supplementary material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1159176/full#supplementary-material
**SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE 1**
Phylogenetic tree based on partial *rpoD* sequences (549 bp). The tree includes 111 of the 113 genome sequences included in this study; the other two did not contain any *rpoD* sequence in the assembly. The phylogenetic analysis also includes the reference *rpoD* sequences of most of the described species and phylogenomic species of *Stutzerimonas*. The GenBank accession numbers of the genome sequences are listed in Supplementary Table 1 and those of the reference sequences obtained from the PseudoMLSA database are indicated in parenthesis. For each strain, the final taxonomic assignment is indicated. The final phylogenomic species assignment of each strain is indicated in parenthesis. The distances were calculated, using the Jukes–Cantor method, and the tree was constructed, using the neighbor-joining method. Bootstrap values of 50% or greater (from 1,000 replicates) are shown at the nodes. *P. aeruginosa* CCM 1960’ was used as an outgroup. Pgs: phylogenomic species; *gv*: genomovar; ref.: reference.
**SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE 2**
Core genome-based phylogenomic tree of 11 isolate-derived genome sequences and seven MAGs of *S. balearica*, 92 strains of other species and phylogenomic groups of the genus *Stutzerimonas*, and the type strains of *P. Indica*, *P. kuykendallii* and *P. matsusaki*. The tree was generated, using 35,374 amino acid positions derived from 127 single copy core proteins. Pgs: phylogenomic species; ref.: reference.
**SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 1**
List of the 113 genome sequences used in this study and their associated metadata.
**SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 2**
ANib values between the 113 genome sequences (all vs. all) included in this study. Each pairwise comparison was performed bidirectionally; the average value is displayed.
**SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 3**
List of the 176 confirmed *S. balearica* strains and their associated metadata.
**SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 4**
Genomic features of the genome sequences of *S. balearica*. Sheet S1: Pan-genomes of *S. balearica*. Sheet S2: Genes encoding enzymes for catabolism of aromatic compounds detected in one or more genome sequences of *S. balearica*. Sheet S3: Genes for catabolism of aromatic compounds not detected in the genome sequences of *S. balearica*. Sheet S4: Antibiotic resistance genes detected, using Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD). Sheet S5: Biocide and metal resistance genes predicted by BacMet. Sheet S6: Virulence determinants detected, using VFAnalyzer and the VFDB. Sheet S7: CRISPR-Cas systems predicted by CRISPRone. Sheet S8: Prophages predicted by PHASTER. Sheet S9: Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) and integrative and mobilizable elements (IMEs) predicted by ICEfinder. Sheet S10: Genes associated with natural transformation capacity. Sheet S11: Regulatory genes predicted, using P2RP.
**SUPPLEMENTARY FILE 1**
Metagenome assembled genome (MAG) sequence of *S. balearica* UBA3230, annotated using DFAST, in GBK format.
**SUPPLEMENTARY FILE 2**
Metagenome assembled genome (MAG) sequence of *S. balearica* UBA6635, annotated using DFAST, in GBK format.
**SUPPLEMENTARY FILE 3**
Metagenome assembled genome (MAG) sequence of *S. balearica* 3300027365_7, annotated using DFAST, in GBK format.
**References**
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Arias-Barrau, E., Olivera, E. R., Luengo, J. M., Fernández, C., Galán, B., García, J. L., et al. (2004). The homogenistate pathway: a central catabolic pathway involved in the degradation of L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and 3-hydroxyphenylacetate in *Pseudomonas putida*. *J. Bacteriol.* 186, 5062–5077. doi: 10.1128/JB.186.15.5062-5077.2004
Arndt, D., Grant, J. R., Marcu, A., Sajed, T., Pon, A., Liang, Y., et al. (2016). PHASTER: a better, faster version of the PHAST phage search tool. *Nucleic Acids Res.* 44, W16–W21. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw387
Ashelford, K. E., Chuzhanova, N. A., Fry, J. C., Jones, A. J., and Weightman, A. J. (2005). At least 1 in 20 16S rRNA sequence records currently held in public repositories is estimated to contain substantial anomalies. *Appl. Environ. Microbiol.* 71, 7724–7736. doi: 10.1128/aem.71.12.7724-7736.2005
Babicki, S., Arndt, D., Marcu, A., Liang, Y., Grant, J. R., Maciejewski, A., et al. (2016). Heatmapper: web-enabled heat mapping for all. *Nucleic Acids Res.* 44, W147–W153. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw419
Bally, M., Filloux, A., Akrim, M., Ball, G., Lazdunski, A., and Tommassen, J. (1992). Protein secretion in *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*: characterization of seven *xcp* genes and
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ANÁLISES DOS COMPONENTES PRINCIPAIS DA ÁGUA DO ESTUÁRIO E RIO MARACAIPE, PORTO DE GALINHAS, IPOJUCA – PE
Ana Maria Ribeiro Bastos da Silva 1 *; Alex Souza Moraes 2 ; Pedro Henrique Pessoa 3 ; Pedro Henrique Tavares de França 4 ; Rosana Beatriz Silveira 5 ; Kátia Chagas Nunes 6 ; Valdinete Lins da Silva 7
Resumo - O presente trabalho avaliou os componentes principais d´água do Estuário e Rio Maracaípe em Porto de Galinhas, Ipojuca –PE, com relação aos parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológico, empregando a técnica estatística de análise multivariada, a Análises dos Componentes Principais (ACP). Os parâmetros avaliados no monitoramento da qualidade da água do estuário e do rio Maracaípe, mostraram que as águas encontram-se com alguns parâmetros em desconformidade a especificação exigida pela Resolução CONAMA 357/2005. Pela ACP foi possível observar que os parâmetros estavam principalmente relacionados às condições naturais, matéria orgânica, sais, nutrientes e microorganismo estão influenciando a qualidade da água das amostras do estuário e do rio Maracaípe.
Palavras-Chave: Qualidade da água, Estuário e Rio Maracaípe, Analise de Componentes Principais.
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF WATER ESTUARY AND RIVER MARACAÍPE, PORTO DE GALINHAS, IPOJUCA - PE
Abstract - This study evaluated the major components of water River and Estuary Maracaípe in Porto de Galinhas, Ipojuca-PE, with respect to physical, chemical and biological parameters, using the statistical technique of multivariate analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The parameters evaluated in monitoring water quality of the estuary and river Maracaípe showed that the waters are in disagreement with some parameters required specification by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. By PCA which was possible to observe that the parameters were mainly related to natural conditions, organic matter, salts, nutrients and microorganism are influencing the water quality of the samples the estuary and of the river Maracaípe.
Keywords: Water Quality, River and Estuary Maracaípe, Principal Component Analysis.
1 Doutoranda em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Técnica de Laboratório no Departamento de Engenharia Química da UFPE. Av. Artur de Sá, SN. Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE. CEP: 50670-420 –Brasil – Tel: (81) 2126-7290. email:email@example.com.
3 Graduando em Engenharia Química da UFPE. e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org.
2 Doutor em Geologia da UFPE. e-mail: email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.org.
4 Graduando em Engenharia Florestal da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmão Recife PE. cep: 52.071-030. e-mail: email@example.com.
6 Geóloga pela UFBA. Especialista em Geofísica e Geologia Ambiental pela UFPA. Grente de Segurança, Meio Abiente e Saúde da Refinaria Abreu e Lima (RNEST) da Petrobrás (Petróleo Brasileiro S/A). e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org, email@example.com.
5 Doutora em Zoologia pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisadora responsável pelo Laboratório de Aqüicultura Marinha-LABAQUAC. e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org.
7 Doutora em Ciências pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Professora Titular do Departamento de Engenharia Química da UFPE. e-mail: email@example.com..
1 - INTRODUCTION
No Pontal de Maracaípe uma das principais atrações é o Cavalo-Marinho, atraindo, em média, 85 mil turistas ao ano, para realizar passeio de jangada no estuário e conhecer esta espécie em seu habitat natural. Este passeio é a principal fonte de renda de 50 famílias de pescadores que compõem a Associação de Jangadeiros do Pontal de Maracaípe.
As autoridades ambientais locais detectaram uma diminuição nos estoques naturais desse peixe no referido estuário em 1998. Desde então, o monitoramento da população de CavalosMarinhos do estuário do Rio Maracaípe vem sendo realizado pelo Projeto Hippocampus e foi confirmado forte declínio nos estoques naturais desse peixe. Os registros sobre a população de Cavalos-Marinhos do estuário do rio Maracaípe são desde 2001. O Projeto Hippocampus cuida da preservação dessas espécies e incentiva o turismo ecológico.
No município de Ipojuca, o bairro de Maracaípe sofre com problemas relacionados à supressão de áreas de mangue, disposição inadequada de resíduos sólidos, deficiência no saneamento básico e ocupação irregular. No interior do estuário a aproximadamente 2 Km, existe uma grande ocupação humana, ocorrendo o lançamento de efluentes domésticos diretamente no corpo d'água.
Com a perspectiva da preservação da população de Cavalos-Marinhos (Hippocampus heide) e de toda a comunidade do manguezal vem sendo realizado o monitoramento da qualidade da água do estuário e do Rio Maracaípe, a fim de correlacionar os parâmetros analisados e as fontes de poluições existentes próximas da água doce, do ambiente costeiro e marinho.
Este trabalho avaliou os componentes principais da qualidade da água do estuário e no Rio Maracaípe, com relação aos parâmetros físicos, químico e biológicos, em Porto de Galinhas, Ipojuca –PE, empregando como ferramenta estatística a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP).
2 - MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS
As amostras foram coletadas no estuário e rio Maracaípe (8°31'00" a 8°33'11" Latitudes S e 34°59'30" a 35°01'12" Longitudes W), localizado no município de Ipojuca, litoral sul de Pernambuco, há 52 Km da cidade Recife.
As coletas foram realizadas em quatro pontos do Estuário do rio Maracaípe (P1 a P4) e dois pontos do Rio Maracaípe (P5 e P6) na camada superficial da água, durante o período de baixa-mar diurna (Figura 1) nos períodos de estiagem (dezembro/12) e chuvoso (junho/2011, abril/2012, junho/2012 e abril/2013).
No Estuário, o monitoramento foi realizado em locais de ocorrência da população de cavalosmarinhos "Hippocampus reidi" com e sem visitação turística.
Para coleta, preservações e analises das amostras de água foram obedecidas as metodologias descritas no Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA et al., 2005).
A Figura 1 apresenta a vista aérea do Estuário e Rio Maracaípe, e os respectivos pontos de coletas.
A técnica estatística multivariada de Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) foi aplicada para identificar quais os principais componentes da água, determinar a relação existente entre eles, extrair as informações mais significativas dessa relação, correlacionar os parâmetros ambientais analisados. Para a ACP foi utilizado o programa computacional The Unscrambler® versão 9.2 (Copyright 1986 – 2005 CAMO PROCESS AS).
3 - RESULTADOS E DISCUSÕES
3.1 - Avaliação de Qualidade da Água
As águas do Estuário do rio Maracaípe foram classificadas pela CPRH, órgão ambiental de Pernambuco, como águas salgadas de classe 1 segundo o CONAMA 357/2005. Os parâmetros avaliados no monitoramento da qualidade da água mostraram que se encontravam com oxigênio
dissolvido (≥6 mg de O2.L -1 ), amônia (≤0,49 mg de N.L -1 ), nitrito (≤0,07 mg de N.L -1 ), Fósforo total (≤0,062 mg de P.L -1 ), Coliformes Fecais (≤1.000 NMP.100mL -1 em 80% de 6 amostra/ano) em desconformidade a especificação exigida pela Resolução.
As águas do rio Maracaípe mostraram que se encontravam com alguns parâmetros oxigênio dissolvido (≥5 mg de O2.L -1 ), amônia (≤0,49 mg de N.L -1 ), fósforo total (≤0,062 mg de P.L -1 ), Coliformes Fecais (≤200 irrigação e ≤1.000 NMP.100mL -1 em 80% de 6 amostra/ano) em desconformidade a especificação exigida pela Resolução CONAMA 357/2005 para águas salobras de classe 1.
3.2 - Componentes principais da água do Estuário de Maracaípe, Ipojuca –PE.
A matriz total dos dados do monitoramento do Estuário de Maracaípe representada no espaço tem dimensões de 16 (oito) amostras por 25 (vinte e cinco) parâmetros.
O modelo que melhor se ajustou aos dados foi aquele composto por 2 (dois) componentes explicando 75% da variância total das variáveis originais.
A equação 1 representa matematicamente uma combinação de todas as variáveis da primeira componente principal (CP1) que contém 56% da variação original dos dados.
CP1 = 0,17 DQO - 9,7x10 -2 DBO + 0,18 OD + 0,26 ST + 0,23 STV + 0,26 STF + 0,11 pH + 0,26 AlcT + 0,26 CE + 0,24 Temp - 0,20 Turb + 0,15 Cl - 0,13 SSed - 0,26 Cor + 6,8x10 -2 NH3 + 6,6x10 -2 NO2 - 0,25 P + 0,26 SO4 + 0,26 DT + 0,20 Ca + 0,26 Mg + 7,4x10 -2 Na + 6,6x10 -2 K 0,24 CT + 2,9x10 -2 CF (1)
A segunda componente principal (CP2) é retida 19% da informação original, e pode ser representada matematicamente (equação 2), em termos dos pesos:
CP2 = - 0,32 DQO + 0,21 DBO - 3,6x10 -2 OD + 2,7x10 -2 ST - 0,13 STV + 4,6x10 -2 STF + 0,26 pH + 4,6x10 -3 AlcT + 3,9x10 -2 CE - 0,11 Temp - 0,12 Turb - 6,3x10 -2 Cl - 8,5x10 -2 SSed + 1,8x10 -2 Cor + 7,6x10 -2 NH3 + 0,38 NO2 + 0,13 P - 5,4x10 -2 SO4 + 4,1x10 -2 DT + 0,11 Ca + 2,3x10 2 Mg + 0,41 Na + 0,41 K + 9,2x10 -2 CT + 0,45 CF (2)
Nas equações destacam-se em negrito os maiores valores absolutos dos parâmetros que mais influenciam as CPs.
A Figura 2 mostra o gráfico dos escores das amostras na componente principal 1 versus a componente principal 2 caracterizando 75% das amostras do estuário conforme os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos.
Na CP1, à esquerda, estão discriminadas as amostras da primeira coleta (junho/11), pelos altos valores de cor (amplitude de 64 a 72 Hazen), fósforo total (variância de 0,85 a 1,01 mg de P.L 1 ), Coliformes totais (8.600,0 a 37.300,0 NMP.100mL -1 ), turbidez (12,2 a 39,8 NTU) e sólidos sedimentáveis (<0,1 a 0,5 mL.L -1 ). Provavelmente devido a existência de uma grande ocupação humana aproximadamente 2 km para o interior do estuário, ocorrendo o lançamento de efluentes domésticos diretamente no corpo d'água.
No mesmo gráfico, à direita, estão discriminadas as amostras das demais coletas que são caracterizadas pelos altos valores de condutividade elétrica (38.800 a 39.600 S.cm -1 ), sólidos totais (35.747 a 41.647,5 mg.L -1 ), sólidos fixos (32.825 a 36.349,5 mg.L -1 ), dureza total (6.039,6 a 7.623,8 mg de CaCO3.L -1 ), cálcio (524,1 a 967,6 mg de Ca.L -1 ), magnésio (2.526,8 a 3.152,4 mg de Mg.L 1 ), alcalinidade total (107,0 a 124,9 mg de CaCO3.L -1 ), sulfato (3.627,0 a 4.901,0 mg de SO4.L -1 ), sólidos voláteis (2.922 a 5.890,5 mg.L -1 ), temperatura da água (29 a 31 C), oxigênio dissolvido (3,96 a 6,24 mg de O2.L -1 ) e cloreto (1.639,7 a 23.900 mg de Cl.L -1 ). Em Porto de Galinhas ocorre a influência terrígena com nutrientes carreados pelo rio Maracaípe no período chuvoso (Fonseca et al., 2002).
No referido gráfico, observa-se na CP2, na variação positiva acima da linha horizontal, as amostras da segunda coleta (junho/12) que apresentavam altas concentrações de Coliformes fecais (<10.000 a 10.000 NMP.100mL -1 ), sódio (12.095,7 a 15.890,3 mg de Na.L -1 ), potássio (374,1 a 462 mg de K.L -1 ), nitrito (0,05 a 0,08 mg de N.L -1 ), pH (7,66 a 8,15) e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (0,59 a 43,6 mg de O2.L -1 ).
Na variação negativa, abaixo da linha horizontal, localizam-se as amostras da terceira e quarta coleta (dez/12 e abr/13, respectivamente) por apresentar altos valores de demanda química de oxigênio (1.147,8 a 2.937,5 mg de O2.L -1 ).
3.3 - Componentes principais da água do Rio Maracaípe, Ipojuca –PE.
A matriz total dos dados do monitoramento do Rio Maracaípe representada no espaço tem dimensões de 10 (dez) amostras por 25 (vinte e cinco) parâmetros.
O modelo que melhor se ajustou aos dados foi aquele composto por 2 (duas) componentes explicando 66% da variância total das variáveis originais (Figura 3).
Na CP1 esta contida 47% da informação original que pode ser representada matematicamente por uma combinação linear de todos os pesos (equação 3):
CP1 = 0,15 DQO - 0,275 DBO + 3,33x10 -2 OD + 0,255 ST + 0,102 STV + 0,278 STF + 9,94x10 -2 pH + 0,253 AlcT + 0,285 CE + 0,237 Temp - 0,236 Turb + 0,18 Cl - 3,53x10 -2 SSed 0,279 Cor + 8,50x10 -2 NH3 - 8,23x10 -2 NO2 - 0,14 P + 0,198 SO4 + 0,285 DT + 0,212 Ca + 0,283 Mg + 0,119 Na + 0,124 K - 0,237 CT - 6,87x10 -2 CF (3)
A CP2 explica 19% da informação original, e pode ser apresentada matematicamente como se segue (equação 4):
CP2 = - 0,254 DQO - 4,83x10 -2 DBO + 0,351 OD + 0,167 ST + 0,374 STV - 0,118 STF + 0,186 pH - 0,131 AlcT - 5,16 x10 -2 CE + 0,137 Temp + 1,74x10 -2 Turb - 0,101 Cl - 6,54x10 -2 SSed + 5,65x10 -2 Cor + 0,378 NH3 + 0,126 NO2 - 1,54x10 -3 P - 0,109 SO4 - 1,19x10 -2 DT - 0,111 Ca + 1,41x10 -2 Mg + 0,317 Na + 0,348 K + 4,09x10 -2 CT + 0,365 CF (4)
Nas equações destacam-se em negrito os maiores valores absolutos dos parâmetros que mais influenciam as CPs.
A Figura 3 mostra o gráfico dos escores das amostras na componente principal 1 versus a componente principal 2 caracterizando 66% das amostras do rio Maracaípe conforme os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos.
Na CP1 (47%), à esquerda, estão discriminadas as amostras da primeira coleta (jun/11) pelos altos valores de cor (76 a 78 Hazen), demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (8 a 10 mg de O2.L -1 ), Coliformes totais (30.100,0 a 62.700,0 NMP.100mL -1 ), turbidez (20,7 a 28,9 NTU) e fósforo total (0,86 a 1,0 mg de P.L -1 ). Na Bacia do Rio Maracaípe, o uso da água, destaca-se na recepção de efluentes domésticos e agro-industrial.
No gráfico, à direita do gráfico, caracteriza-se as amostras das demais coletas (abril/12 a abril/13) pelos altos valores de condutividade elétrica (31.500 a 39.900 S.cm -1 ), dureza total (5.439,1 a 6.831,7 mg de CaCO3.L -1 ), magnésio (1.746,5 a 2.767,4 mg de Mg.L -1 ), sólidos voláteis (2.257 a 42.363 mg.L -1 ), sólidos totais (27.791,6 a 66.607,2 mg.L -1 ), alcalinidade total (86,4 a 144,8 mg de CaCO3.L -1 ), temperatura da água (29 a 33,5 C), cálcio (483,8 a 1.503,6 mg de Ca.L -1 ), sulfato (800,4 a 8.717,6 mg de SO4.L -1 ), cloreto (1.043,5 a 22.600 mg de Cl.L -1 ) e demanda química de oxigênio (84,5 a 2.562,5 mg de O2.L -1 ).
No referido gráfico, a CP2 (19%) distingui as amostras da terceira coleta (jun/12) diferenciam-se mais deslocadas para cima por apresentarem altas concentrações de demanda química de oxigênio (84,5 a 113,3 mg de O2.L -1 ) e alcalinidade total (92,0 a 144,4 mg de CaCO3.L 1 ). Hoje, o local sofre com problemas relacionados à supressão de áreas de mangue, disposição inadequada de resíduos sólidos, deficiência no saneamento básico e ocupação irregular.
As amostras P5 da segunda, quarta e quinta coletas (abril/12, dezembro/12 e abril/13, respectivamente) mais deslocada para baixo apresentavam altas concentrações de amônia (0,04 a 0,05 mg de N.L -1 ), sólidos voláteis (3.256,8 a 3.909,5 mg.L -1 ), Coliformes fecais (1,0 a 4.750 NMP.100mL -1 ), oxigênio dissolvido (1,41 a 3,76 mg de O2.L -1 ), potássio (2,2 a 5,3 mg de K.L -1 ), sódio (38,3 a 54 mg de Na.L -1 ), pH (6,7 a 7,41), sólidos totais (32.843 a 39.007 mg.L -1 ), temperatura da água (29 a 31 C), nitrito (0,04 a 0,05 mg de N.L -1 ).
4 - CONCLUSÕES
Os parâmetros ambientais avaliados no monitoramento da qualidade das águas do Estuário e do Rio Maracaípe, mostraram que as águas encontravam-se com o pH conforme a especificação exigida pela a Resolução CONAMA 357 (2005).
Pela Análise de Componentes Principais foi possível observar estatisticamente que as condições naturais (OD e temperatura), sais, nutrientes (fósforo e nitrogênio), matéria orgânica e microrganismos são os principais componentes das águas do Estuário e do rio Maracaípe de Maracaípe. Observou-se também que os parâmetros de qualidade d´água modificavam pela influência das variações sazonais e espaciais.
5 - REFERÊNCIAS
AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH (APHA); ASSOCIATION; AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION (AWWA); WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION (WEF) (2005). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21 th edition, Washington. Part 1000 – 4000, pp. 4-138.
CAMO Software The Unscramber (2011). What is Multivariate Analysis ? An introduction to the principles and common models used in multivariate data analysis.
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE MEIO AMBIENTE (CONAMA) (2005). Resolução nº 357, de 17 de março de 2005. Dispõe sobre a classificação dos corpos de água e diretrizes ambientais para o seu enquadramento, bem como estabelece as condições e padrões de lançamento de efluentes, e dá outras providências. Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente (CONAMA). Brasília, de 17 de março de 2005. [Consultada: 03 de outubro de 2009]. Disponível em: http://www.mma.gov.br/port/conama/res/res85/res0485.html.pdf
FONSECA, R.S.; PASSAVANTE, J.Z.O.; MARANHÃO, G.M.B.; MUNIZ, K. (2002). Ecossistema Recifal da Praia de Porto de Galinhas (Ipojuca, Pernambuco): Biomassa Fitoplanctônica e Hidrologia. Bol. Técn. Cient. CEPENE, v.10, n.1, p. 9-26.
Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRÁS) - Refinaria do Nordeste Abreu e Lima (RNEST) (2010). Biologia e Cultivo dos Cavalos-Marinhos (SYNGNATHIDAE: HIPPOCAMPUS) numa Perspectiva de Conservação dos Estoques Naturais e Educação Ambiental. Fase II (2010-2012). Projeto Hippocampus. Programa de Monitoramento Hippocampus. Ipojuca, 2010.
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1. **Succisa pratensis** Moench – čertkus luční
Tab. 123/2
*Succisa pratensis* Moench Meth. Pl. 489, 1794. – Syn.: *Scabiosa succisa* L. Sp. Pl. 98, 1753. – *Succisa vulgaris* J. et C. Presl Fl. Čechicá 31, 1819.
Exsikáty: Fl. Exs. Reipubl. Bohem. Slov., no 1271. – Petrak Fl. Bohem. Morav. Exs., no 687, 896. – Pl. Čechoslov. Exs., no 288. – Sieber Fl. Bohem., sine no. – Tausch Herb. Fl. Bohem., no 721. – Extra fines: Callier Fl. Siles. Exs., no 1085, 1219. – Dörfler Herb. Norrm., no 4537. – Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung., no 3813. – Fl. Neerl. Exs., no 614. – Fl. Olten. Exs., no 1041. – Fl. Siles. Exs., no 213. – Pl. Bulg. Exs., no 487. – Pl. Polon. Exs., no 370.
Vytvrále byliny s krátkým, válcovitým, tmavým oddenkem zakončeným listovou růžicí. Lodyhy přímé nebo krátce vystoupavé, (20–)35–80(–120) cm vys., v hor. 1/2 nebo jen hor. 1/3 větvené, oblé, vyplněné bílou dření, lysé, jen nad rozvětvením ± hustě krátce pyřitě chlupaté, nebo vzácněji řídce dl. chlupaté, světle zelené, v hor. 1/2 často fialově naběhlé. Přízemní a dol. lodyžní listy řapíkaté, 8–18(–30) cm dl., s čepelí celistvou, nejčastěji úzce kopinatou, eliptickou až úzce obvejčitou, tupě špičatou, na okraji oddáleně vroubkovanou, na bázi pozvolna se zužující v řapík, lysou nebo řídce chlupatou 1,0–1,5(–2,0) mm dl., poměrně jemnými chlupy, na svrchní straně tmavozelenou, na spodní straně světlejší (nasiřevělé) zelenou; strostlé řapíky lodyžních listů tvoří (5–)10–20 mm dl. pochvu; hor. lodyžní listy postupně menší, kopinaté až čárkovité kopinaté, častěji s více členěným okrajem (někdy až chobotnatě peřenoklaně). Strbouly na začátku kvetení polokulovité, později kulovité až válcovité, nejčastěji 2,0–2,5 cm v průměru (na bočních větvích obvykle jen 1–2 cm v průměru); zákrovní listeny v počtu 7–8(–11), rovnovážně rozestálé, obvykle (7–)8–12 mm dl., nezřídka však výrazně zvětšené, vejcité kopinaté až kopinaté, pýřitě chlupaté nebo vz. lysé, na okraji brvité; plevky 4–7 mm dl., 1,3–1,5 mm šir., kopinaté až čárkovité, na bázi světlé, na vrcholu zpravidla hnědofialově zbarvené. Kalich drobný, miskovitý, s (4–)5 šišetinovitými, černošifalovými, ± vzpřímenými, 1–2 mm dl. cípy; koruna krátce trubkovitá, slabě pa-prskujíc, s trubkou bělavou nebo narůžovělou a 4 našedle modrofialovými cípy. Nažky s vytvávajícím kalichem, ca 5 mm dl. VII–IX. Hkf.
2n = 20 (ČR: 11a. Všet. Pol., 64b. Jevan. ploš.)
Variabilita: Druh značně proměnliv ve velikosti rostlin a v odění (cf. Chrtěk 1983). Zatímco rozdíly ve velikosti rostlin jsou zjevně důsledkem rozdílných stanovištních poměrů, není taxonomická bezvýznamnost znaků odění (přítomnost či nepřítomnost dl. trichomů v odění listů a lodyh) na první pohled zteřelná. Rostliny s různým typem odění se však vyskytují jak z geografického hlediska, tak z hlediska ekologického dosti nahodile, namnoze spočeleň na téže lokalitě a jejich rozlišování na vyšší taxonomické úrovní (např. jako var. *glabrata* Schott a var. *hiruta* Opiz) je neopodstatněné.
Ekologie a cenologie: Střídavě vlhké louky a pastviny, slatinny a slatinné louky, okraje vlhkých lesních cest, světlé střídavě vlhké lesy, apod., na střídavě vlhkých, bázemi bohatých, neutrálních až slabě kyselých, humózních, jílovitých až hlinitých nebo rašelinných půdách. Ve společenstvech třídy *Molinio-Arrhenatheretea* (diagnostický druh svazu *Molinion*) a svazu *Querco-Carpinion*.
Rozšíření v ČR: Dříve hojný v mezofytiku celého území, roztr. až vzácný v termofytiku a oreofytiku. Vzhledem k vazbě na biotopy, které byly v posledních desetiletích lidskými zásahy často velkoplošně pozmeněny (hlavně odvodňování, příp. rozorání vlhkých luk) se stal výrazně méně rozšířeným a z řady lokalit vymizel. Vyskytuje se od planárního do montánního stupně, s těžištěm ve stupni kolimním až submontánním (max.: Krusné hory, Boží Dar, ca 1 000 m; Orlické hory, Šerlich, ca 1 000 m; Šumava, Březina, ca 1 140 m).
T: 2. Stř. Pooří (Podbořany, t). 3. Podkrú. pán., 5. Terenz. kotl. (Budyně nad Ohří), 6. Děbín, 7. Středočes. tab. (Bechín; Svarov), 8. Čes. kras („za Karlštejnem”), 9. Dol. Povlt. (Praha-Motol), 10. Praž. ploš. (Praha-Krč), 11. Stř. Pol., 12. Dol. Pojíz. (Debr), 13. Rožď. pah., 14. Cidl. pán. (Konecchulmi), 15. Vých. Pol., 16. Znoj.-brn. pah. (Radostice; Kraví hora u Znojma), 17. Mikul. pah. (pouze louky u rakouských hranic u Mikulova), 18. Jihomor. úv., 19. B. Karp. step., 21. Haná. – M: ve všech fy. o. (údaje chybějí z fy. o. 22. Halšt. vrch., 50. Luž. hory, 51. Polom. hory). – O: 85. Krus. hory (Boží Dar), 86. Slavk. les (Rajov), 87. Brdy, 88. Šum., 89. Novohr. hory (Žofiín), 90. Jih. vrchy (Praskolesy; Klatovec), 91. Žďár. vrchy (časy), 92. Jiz. hory (Velká Jizerská louka; Tanvald), 93. Krk. („Ehorn, louky pod vrcholem”, nutno ověřit), 95. Orl. hory (Vrchmezi; Šerlich), 99. Mor.-slez. Besk. (řada lokalit v údolí Bečvy mezi Dolní Bečvou a Bečvicí).
Celkové rozšíření: Evropa, Island, z. Sibiř a Kavkaz; v Evropě probíhá j. hranice areálu stř. Španělskem, Francií, s. Iálií, bývalou Jugoslávií a s. Bulharskem do stř. Ukrajiny a j. Ruska; na sever nejdále do s. Norska, stř. Švédská, j. Finska a s. Ruska. Druhotně v Severní Americe. – Mapy: Hultén NE 1986: 873; Meusel et al. 1992:437.
6. **Knautia** L. – chrastavec *)
*Knautia* Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 101, 1753. – Syn.: *Scabiosa* L. Sp. Pl. 98, 1753 p. p. – *Trichera* Schrader ex R. et Sch. Syst. Veg. 3/1:54, 1818.
Lit.: Borbás V. (1904): Revisio Knautiarum. Acta Sci. Inst. Bot. Syst. R. Univ. Kolosvárinæ 1:1–94. – Szabó Z. (1911): A Knautia génusz monographiája. Math. Term.-Tudom. Közlém. 31:1–436. – Ehrendorfer F. (1962a): Beiträge zur Phylogenie
*) Zpracoval J. Štěpánek
der Gattung *Knautia* (Dipsacaceae), I. Cytologische Grundlagen und allgemeine Hinweise. Österr. Bot. Z. 109:276–343. – EHREN-
DORFER F (1962b): Cytotaxonomische Beiträge zur Genese mitteleuropäischen Flora und Vegetation. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 75:137–152. – EHREN-
DORFER F (1976): *Knautia* L. In: TUTIN T G. et al. [red.], Flora Europaea 4:60–67. Cambridge. – ŠTĚPÁNEK J. (1982): Die Chromosomenzahlen von tschechoslowakischen Arten der Gattung *Knautia* L. (Dipsacaceae). Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 17:359–386. – ŠTĚPÁNEK J. (1983): Rozšíření chrastavec křovitostního (*Knautia drymeia* Heuffel subsp. *drymeia*) v Českoslo-
vensku. Zpr. Čs. Bot. Společ. 18:161–172. – ŠTĚPÁNEK J. (1985): *Knautia* L. In: BERTOVÁ L. [red.], Flóra Slovenska IV/2:154–177. Bratislava. – ŠTĚPÁNEK J. (1989): Chrastavec rolní krkonošský – *Knautia arvensis* (L.) Coulter subsp. pseudolongifolia (Szabó) O. Schwarz. In: SLAVÍK B. [red.], Vybrané obohacené druhy flóry ČSR. Stud. ČSAV 1989/10:25–36.
Vytvrále chlupaté byliny s jednoduchým nebo vícehlavým zkráceným oddenkem. Listy přisedlé nebo krátce řapíkaté, jednoduché, celistvé nebo peřenoklané až peřenosečné. Květy oboupohlavné nebo funkčně samičí, 4četné, v plochých nebo polokulovitých strboulech se zákrovem z kopinatých až vejčitých listenů, luhko strboulou ± kulovité, bez plevek, chlupaté. Kalich s miskovitou trubkou a s 6–16 ště-
tinovitými cípy, chlupatý, za plodu opadavý; koruna souměrná, nálevkovitá až trubkovitá, se 4cípým méně. Plod víceplodolistová nažka, obvykle se zlistoulou bělavou stopkou (elaiosom), v obrysu eliptická, ze stran mírně smačklá, v hor. 1/2 se 4 mělkými, často nezřetelnými rýhami. – Asi 45 druhů v celé Evropě, na Kavkaze, v Malé Asii a v s. Africe, druhotně v celém mírném pásu s. polokoule. – Protero-
gyn. Entomogam. Alogam. Balochor. Myrmekochor.
Poznámka 1: Všechny u nás rostoucí druhy se někdy oddělují do samostatného rodu *Trichera* SCHRADER ex R. et SCH.
Poznámka 2: V evoluci rodu *Knautia* dochází mezi diferencijními se taxony ke vzničtu zpravidla pouze geografických re-
produkčních bariér, popř. bariér podmíněných polyploidizací. Proto zde hraje významnou roli hybridizace, jež může podstatně změnit nebo zvrátit procesy rozrůznování. Zejména na kontaktu taxonů se stejným počtem chromozómů dochází velmi snadno a často ke křížení, vznikají hybridní roje s plynulou škálou morfologických přechodů mezi rodičovskými taxony nebo se setkáváme s populacemi se zřetelnými stopami introgresie. Tyto skutečnosti především ztěžují taxonomické hodnocení a určování jedinců. Proto jsou určování klíče sestaveny tak, aby mohly být použity rovněž pro přesnější determinaci lokálních populací, a to i těch, jež jsou hybridního původu.
Poznámka 3: Tvar a zbarvení strboulí jsou někdy poznamenány přítomností biotrofních parazitů – *Peronospora violacea*
BER. ex CKE. a zejména sněti *Ustilago scabiosae* (Sow.) WINT., která u napadených rostlin vyplňuje prasíky sporami a přeměňuje tak mladé strbouly v polokulovitá květenství zbytnělých poupat narázově běžového zbarvení.
Poznámka 4: Délka plodu v klíčích a popisech je uváděna bez zlistoulé stopky.
1a Rostliny převážně s peřenoklanými až peřenosečnými listy; čepele lodyžních listů, pokud jsou celistvé, úzce kopinaté až obkopinaté, nejšířší v 1/2 nebo nad 1/2 délky, obvykle užší než 5 cm; vnější zákrovní listeny 2–3(–4)× delší než široké ........................................... 3–4. **K. arvensis** agg.
b Všechny rostliny s listy celistvými; čepele lodyžních listů kopinaté až vejcité, nejšířší v 1/2 nebo pod 1/2 délky, (4–)5–10 cm šir.; vnější zákrovní listeny 3,5–4,5× delší než široké ......................... 2
2a Oddenek monopodiálně větvený, ukončený listovou růžicí; lodyhy vystoupavé, vyrůstající v úzlábí loňských listů přízemní růžice; odění dol. části lodyhy ± husté, jemné, z 0,2–0,8(–1,4) mm dl. chlupů; kališních cípů (8–)10–14(–16) .................................................. 1. **K. drymeia**
b Oddenek sympodiálně větvený, ukončený přímou kvetoucí lodyhou; odění dol. části lodyhy ± řídké, hrubší, z 0,5–3,5 mm dl. chlupů, nebo lodyha na bázi lysá; kališních cípů 8 ............ 2. **K. maxima**
1. **Knautia drymeia** HEUFFEL – chrastavec křovitostní
Tab. 125/2
**Knautia drymeia** HEUFFEL Flora 39:53, 1856. – Syn.: *Scabiosa pannonica* Jacq. Enum. Stirp. Vindob. 22, 1762. – *S. syl-
vatrica* L. Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 142, 1762, nom. ambig. – *Trichera syl-
vatrica* (L.) R. et Sch. Syst. Veg. 3:57, 1818, nom. ambig. – *Knautia sylvatica* (L.) DUBY Bot. Gall. 257, 1828, nom. ambig. – *Scabiosa acuminata* OPIZ in BERCHT. et OPIZ Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2/1:202, 1838. – *Knautia pannonica* (Jacq.) WETTST. Biblioth. Bot. 5:62, 1892, non HEUFFEL 1856. – *K. arvensis* (L.)
Coulter subsp. *sylvatica* (L.) ČELAK. Květ. Okolí Praž. 119, 1870, nom. ambig. – *K. communis* GODRON subsp. *sylvatica* (L.) ČELAK. Prodr. Fl. Böhm. 2:268, 1871, nom. ambig. – *Sca-
biosa communis* (GODRON) ČELAK. subsp. *sylvatica* (L.) ČE-
LAK. Prodr. Květ. České 2:265, 1873, nom. ambig. – *Trichera
communis* (GODRON) ČELAK. subsp. *sylvatica* (L.) ČELAK. Pro-
dr. Fl. Böhm. 4:815, 1881, nom. ambig. – *Scabiosa sylvatica* var.
latericaulis ČELAK. Prodr. Květ. České 4:800, 1883. – *Trichera sylvatica* subsp. *genuina* ČELAK. Anal. Květ. Česká, ed. 3, 212, 1897, nom. invál.
Exsikáty: Extra fines: BAENITZ Herb. Europ., no 7774. – Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung., no 2777/I, II. – Fl. Hung. Exs., no 880.
Oddenek šikmý až vodorovný, zpravidla monopodiální, zakončený listovou růžicí. Lodyhy vystoupavé, vyrůstající v úzlábí loňských listů přízemní růžice, často 4–5× dicházialně větvené, (30–) 50–80(–100) cm vys., v dol. části zpravidla dosti hustě jemně oděně 0,2–1,2(–1,8) mm dl. chlupy, méně často na bázi s tužšími delšími chlupy. Listy
---
Tab. 125: 1 *Knautia maxima*, 1a – detail lodyhy. – 2 *K. drymeia*, 2a – detail lodyhy.
1a
2a
1 2
[TAB. 125] 545
přízemní růžice 10–18(–30) cm dl., řapíkaté, s čepelí vejčitou až eliptickou, vz. úzce eliptickou, jemně nebo štětinatě chlupaté; lodyžní listy řapíkaté až přisedlé, s čepelí celistvou, vejčitou, šir. vejčitou nebo eliptickou, vz. úzce eliptickou, 8–16 cm dl., (3,5–)4,0–6,5(–9,5) cm šir., dl. zašpičatělou, (hrubé) vroubkovanou nebo pilovitou, na bázi uťatou nebo klínovitou, na řapík sbíhavou, měkké konzistence, středně husté a jemně oděnou 0,3–1,0 mm dl. chlupy, tmavě zelenou. Strobuly 1,5–2,0(–3,0) cm v průměru; zákrovní listeny (8–)10–15(–23) mm dl., (1–)2–3(–5) mm šir.; kališních cípů (8–)10–14(–16), za plodu vzpřímených; koruny vínově červené až červenofialové, vz. až modrofialové, vnější obvykle nepaprskující. Nažky (3,8–)4,5–5,1(–5,6) mm dl. VI–IX. Hkf.
2n = 40 (ČR: 15. Vých. Pol., 21. Haná, 62. Litomyš. pán.), 40,41 (ČR: 41. Stř. Povlt.), 40, 42 (ČR: 61. Dol. Poorl.)
Variabilita: V rámci druhu je rozlišováno pět subspecií, z nichž se však pouze nominální subsp. drymeia vyskytuje ve stř. Evropě severně od Alp. Mýlně byl z ČR udáván (OTRUBA, Čas. Vlasten. Mus. Spolku Olomouc 58:147–148, 1949) východoalpský a severoapenninský poddruh K. drymeia subsp. intermedia (PERNH. et WETTIST.) EHREND., významně zejména žlutavým oděním listové růžice.
Nominální poddruh je na území ČR dosti proměnlivý např. v charakteru odění lodyh a listů přízemní růžice, ve tvaru okrajů listových čepelí, ve velikosti květenství (rostliny s nápadně malými strobuly byly popsány z v. Čech jako var. microcephala ROHLENA, Čas. Nár. Mus., sect. natur., 100:148, 1926 atd.), jedná se však pouze o individuální odchylky bez taxonomického významu. Zvýšená proměnlivost některých populací může být způsobena rovněž křížením nebo přítomností pozůstatků dřívějšího křížení s taxony K. arvensis agg. (viz oddíl Křížení).
Ekologie a cenologie: Mezofilní listnaté lesy, náhradní lesní kultury, lesní lemy, na humózních, čerstvé vlhkých půdách slabě kyselé až bazické reakce. Ve společenstvích řádu Fagetalia, zejména svazů Carpinion a Alno-Ulmion, ale i Fagion a Tilio-Acerion a v příslušných lemových společenstvích.
Rozšíření v ČR: Roztroušeně v pahorkatinách termofytika a teplejšího mezofytika, méně často v nížinách, na jz. a stř. Moravě a ve v. až stř. Čechách. Uvedené rozšíření v ČR představuje s. výběžek areálu poddruhu; pouze malá arela v kanonu Labe mezi Děčínem a Pírnou zasahuje dále na severozápad za hranice ČR do Německa. Převážně v kolininním, méně často v planárním nebo suprakolininním stupni (min.: Dolní Žleb, ca 130 m; max.: Buděkovice u Třebíče, vrch Jelení hlava, ca 560 m). – Mapy: NEUHÄUSLOVÁ-NOVOTNÁ et NEUHAUSL Zpr. Čs. Bot. Společ. 3: 135, 1968 (Čechy); ŠTĚPÁNEK 1983:167.
Tab. 125/1
Knautia maxima (OPIZ) ORTMANN – chrstavec lesní
Knautia maxima (OPIZ in BERCHT. et OPIZ) ORTMANN in GLÜCKSELIG Der Elbogner Kreis 86, 1842. – Syn.: Scabiosa maxima OPIZ in BERCHT. et OPIZ Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2/1:203, 1838. – S. media OPIZ in BERCHT. et OPIZ Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2/1: 202, 1838. – S. sternbergii OPIZ in BERCHT. et OPIZ Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2/1:203, 1838. – S. sylvatica L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 142, 1762, nom. ambig. – Trichera sylvatica (L.) R. et SCH. Syst. Veg. 3:57, 1818, nom. ambig. – Scabiosa dipsacifolia HOST Fl. Austr. 1:191, 1827, non SCHRANK 1824. – Knautia sylvatica (L.) DUBY Bot. Gall. 257, 1828, nom. ambig. – K. dipsacifolia KREUTZER Anthochron. Pl. Eur. Med. 223, 1840. – Trichera dipsacifolia (KREUTZER) NYMAN Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 14, 1865. – Knautia arvensis subsp. sylvatica (L.) ČELAK. Květ. Okolí Praž. 119, 1870, nom. ambig. – K. communis subsp. sylvatica (L.) ČELAK. Prodr. Fl. Böhm. 2: 268, 1871, nom. ambig. – Scabiosa communis subsp. sylvatica (L.) ČELAK. Prodr. Květ. České 2:265, 1873, nom. ambig. – Trichera communis subsp. sylvatica (L.) ČELAK. Prodr. Fl. Böhm. 4:815, 1881, nom. ambig. – Scabiosa sylvatica var. terminalis ČELAK. Prodr. Květ. České 4:800, 1883. – Trichera sylvatica subsp. dipsacifolia (SCHRANK) ČELAK. Anal. Květ. České, ed. 3, 212, 1897. Exsikáty: TAUSCH Herb. Fl. Bohem., no 715b (ut Scabiosa arvensis δ longifolia W.et K.). – Extra fines: BAENITZ Herb. Europ., no 7775. – Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung., no 2276/I,II. – MAGNIER Fl. Selecta Exs., no 860.
Oddenek zpravidla šikmý, někdy zkrácený, sympodiaální, zakončený kvetoucí lodyhou, bez přízemních listových růžic nebo s později se vyvíjejícími postranními růžicemi. Lodyha přímá, 1–2 (–3)× dichazálně větvená, (40–)50–100(–140) cm vys., v dol. části zpravidla štětinatě chlupatá s 0,5 až 2,5(–3,2) mm dl. chlupy. Lodyžní listy přisedlé nebo nevýrazně řapíkaté, s čepelí celistvou, (úzce) vejčitou až eliptickou, (8–)12–20 cm dl., (3,5–)4,0–6,5 cm šir., mělce oddáleně vroubkovanou nebo mělce až hrubě oddáleně pilovitou, dl. zašpičatělou, na bázi klínovitou, pozvolna přecházejjící v křídlatý řapík, bylinné konzistence, obvykle řídce oděnou (0,3–)0,5–1,5 mm dl. chlupy, na svrchní straně často lysou; zbarvení spodní strany listů za sucha zpravidla poněkud světlejší, nasivěle zelené. Strobuly (2,0–)2,5–3,5(–4,5) cm v průměru; zákrovní listeny 13–20 mm dl., 2–5 mm šir.; kališních cípů obvykle 8, za plodu vzpružených; koruny růžové, světle červenofialové až modrofialové, vnější mírně paprskující. Nažky (4,3–)4,7–5,8 (–6,8) mm dl. VII–IX. Hkf.
\[2n = 60\] (ČR: 28a. Kynšp. vrch., 35b. Hořov. kotl., 88b. Šum. pláně)
Variabilita: Druh značně proměnlivý, rozpadající se v ca 5 poddruhů, z nichž však pouze nominátní subsp. maxima se vyskytuje v ČR.
Ekologie a cenologie: Smrčiny, suťové lesy a jejich lemy, lesní mýtiny, křoviny, méně často lužní lesy. Půdy zrnitostně rozmanité, s vyšším obsahem humusu, převážně na silikátových horninách, zpravidla čerstvé vlhké až vlhké. Nejčastěji ve společenstvích svazů Tilio-Acerion, Athyro alpestris-Piceion, podsazvu Alnenion glutinoso-incanae, popř. v dalších společenstvích řádu Fagetalia sylvaticae a jeho kontaktních společenstvích.
Rozšíření v ČR: Pouze v jz. polovině Čech a na jz. Moravě; roztroušeně v oreofytiku a v chladnějších polohách mezofytika. Těžiště rozšíření je ve stupni submontáním až supramontáním; ve stupni suprakolinním zřídka (min.: kaňon Otavy a Vltavy v okolí Zvíkova, ca 360 m; max.: Šumava, Kvilda, Bučina, ca 1 170 m). Územím ČR probíhá sv. hranice rozšíření poddruhu.
M: 25a. Krus. podh. vl., 26. Čes. les, 28. Tep. vrchy, 29. Doup. vrchy, 31. Plz. pah., 32. Křivokl., 33. Branž. hv. (Chodská Lhota), 34. Plán. hřeb., 35. Podbrd., 36. Horáž. pah. (Tchořovice; Závišín), 37. Šum.-novohr. podh. (často), 38. Bud. pán., 40. Jihočes. pah., 41. Stř. Povlt., 66. Hornosáz. pah., 67. Českomor. vrch., 68. Mor. podh. Vysoc. – O: 85. Krus. hory, 86. Slavk. les, 87. Brdy, 88. Šum. (často), 89. Novohr. hory, 90. Jihl. vrchy, 91. Žďár. vrchy (Studnice u Nového Města na Moravě).
Celkové rozšíření: Horské oblasti stř. Evropy od stř. Francie po ukrajinské a rumunské Karpaty, na sever po v. Belgii a j. Polsko, na jihu po s. Itálii a v. Jugoslávii. – Mapy: MEUSEL et al. 1992:438.
3 – 4. Knautia arvensis agg.
Oddenek sympodiální, často značně zkrácený, bez středové přízemní růžice listů, pouze někdy (obvykle po odkvětu) s nápadnějí vyvinutou postranní přízemní růžicí. Lodyhy zpravidla přímé; lodyžní listy nejčastěji peřenoklané až peřenosečné, zřídka čépel lodyžních listů celistvá a pak úzce kopinatá až obkopinatá, nejširší v 1/2 nebo nad 1/2 délky a obvykle užší než 5 cm. Vnější zákrovní listeny 2–3(–4)× delší než široké; koruny růžové, červenofialové, modrofialové, nebo bledožluté, popř. zbarveny kombinacemi těchto barev; kališních cípů zpravidla 8.
Souborný druh K. arvensis agg. zahrnuje řadu drobných druhů, poddruhů a lokálních ras, rozšířených téžměř v celém areálu rodu s těžištěm divverzity v j. Evropě. – Mapy: HULTÉN NE 1986:873; MEUSEL et al. 1992:437.
Poznámka: K přesnému určení je často nutné studovat více rostlin dané populace, aby bylo možné odhalit případné stopy introgrese, která je u Knautia arvensis agg. dosti častá.
1a Oddenek vždy sympodiálně větvený, zpravidla značně zkrácený, ukončený přímou lodyhou, listové růžice (pokud jsou vytvořeny) postranní; lodyhy v dol. části lysé nebo ± řídce oděné štětinatými, 0,5–3,2 mm dl. chlupy nebo těž pýřitě zahnutými, 0,05–0,20 mm dl. chlupy; členěné lodyžní listy s (2)–3(–6)(–10) úkrojků na každé straně, zpravidla nejsou výrazně lyrovitě peřenosečné; vnější zákrovní listeny 2,0–3,0(–3,5)× delší než široké; kališních cípů nejčastěji 8 ......................... 2
b Alespoň některé rostliny s monopodálně větveným oddenkem, tj. s oddenkem zakončeným listovou růžicí a s postranními vystoupavými lodyhami; lodyhy v dol. části obvykle hustě oděné zahnutými, 0,2–0,4 mm dl. chlupy a rovnými, 0,5–1,8(–2,5) mm dl. chlupy; členěné lodyžní listy lyrovitě peřenosečné s 1–4(–5) úkrojků na každé straně, jemně chlupaté; vnější zákrovní listeny 3,5–4,0× delší než široké; kališních cípů (7)–8–12(–16) ............... 4
2a Přízemní listové růžice za květu často přítomny; štětinovité trichomy na lodyhách vždy s nezbarvenou bází; koruny nažloutle bílé až světle žluté, za sucha syté žluté ......... 4. K. kitaibelii
b Přízemní listové růžice nejsou obvykle za květu vyvinuty; štětinovité trichomy na lodyhách s fialově zbarvenou nebo nezbarvenou bází; koruny nejsou čistě světle žluté nebo žlutobílé, za sucha nejsou syté žluté ............ 3
3a Koruny špinavě žluté, nazelenale žluté, špinavě nažloutle růžové až špinavě růžové ........... 3 × 4. K. arvensis × kitaibelii
b Koruny růžové, fialově růžové až modrofialové, zřídka světle růžové až bělavé .................. 3. K. arvensis
4a Koruny vínově červené, růžové až červenofialové ........................................... 3a × 1. K. arvensis subsp. arvensis × drymeia
b Koruny špinavě žluté, špinavě nažloutle růžové až špinavě růžové .... 3a × 1 × 4. K. arvensis subsp. arvensis × drymeia × kitaibelii
3. **Knautia arvensis** (L.) Coulter – chrstavec rolní
*Knautia arvensis* (Linnaeus) Coulter Mém. Dipsac. 41, 1823. – Syn.: *Scabiosa arvensis* L. Sp. Pl. 99, 1753. – *Trichera arvensis* (L.) Schrader Pl. Mem. Hort. Acad. Gotting. 1814 [non vid]. – *Knautia communis* Godron Fl. Lorraine 1:322, 1843. – *K. communis* subsp. *arvensis* (L.) Čelak. Prodr. Fl. Böhm. 2:268, 1871. – *Scabiosa communis* (Godron) Čelak. Prodr. Květ. České 2:265, 1873. – *S. communis* subsp. *arvensis* (L.) Čelak. Prodr. Květ. České 2:265, 1873. – *Trichera communis* Prodr. Fl. Böhm. 4:815, 1881. – *T. communis* subsp. *arvensis* (L.) Čelak. Prodr. Fl. Böhm. 4:815, 1881.
Exsikáty: Extra fines: Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung., no 227/1, I, II, III. – Herb. Fl. Ross., no 318.
Oddenek šikmý, zpravidla zkrácený, sympodiální, zakončený kvetoucí lodyhou, za květu obvykle bez postranních přízemních listových růžic. Lodyhy přímé, obvykle 1–2× dichazálně větvené, (25–) 40–80(–120) cm vys., v dol. části zpravidla pouze (řídce) štětinatě chlupaté (chlupy na bázi s valen nezbarvených nebo fialově zbarvených pokožkových buněk, rovnovázně nebo nazpět odstálé, 0,6–3,3 mm dl.) nebo též pyřitá (chlupy 0,1–0,3 mm dl.); stř. a hor. internodia téměř vždy hustě pyřitá s 0,05–0,25 mm dl. chlupy a řidce štětinatá; mezi krycími trichomy posledního internodia pod květenstvím často 0,05–0,20 mm dl. stopkaté žlázky s fialovou hlavicí. Lodyžní listy zpravidla přisedlé, peřenoklané až peřenosečné, v obrysu kopinaté až šir. vejčité, s (1–)3–6(–11) čárkovitě kopinatými až kopinatými, obvykle celokrajnými úkrojky na každé straně a s úzce kopinatým až kopinatým, celokrajným nebo zubatým koncovým úkrojkem dosahujícím 1/3–2/3 celkové délky listu, méně často lodyžní listy celistvé, úzce kopinaté, kopinaté až obkopinaté, nejšířší v 1/2 nebo nad 1/2 délky, obvykle užší než 5 cm. Strbouly s květy oboupohlavnými nebo funkčně samičími, (1,9–) 2,6–3,9(–4,4) cm v průměru; zákrovní listeny kopinaté až vejčité, (7–)9–16(–19) mm dl., 3–8 mm šir., 2–3(–4)× delší než šir.; kališních cípů (6–)8 (–11), za plodu rozestálých; koruny nejčastěji růžové, fialově růžové, fialově červené až modrofialové, vz. bělavé; prašníky a blizny bělavé nebo růžové. Nažky (3,1–) 3,6–5,1(–6,0) mm dl. VI–IX. Hkf.
Variabilita: Velmi proměnlivý druh; bylo popsáno množství vnitrodruhových taxonů založených na ± nápadných morfologických odchylkách (např. na základě různého rozložení listů na lodyze, charakteru členění listů, žláznatosti lodyh, velikosti strboulů, přítomnosti vyvinutých tyčinek, paprskování okrajových květů, atd.). Většina těchto odchylek však představuje pouze ekomorfózy nebo individuální odchylky běžné uvnitř populací chrstavců a nemá tedy žádný taxonomický význam. Přesto zůstává značná mezipopulační proměnlivost pravděpodobně odůvodněná taxonomicky hodnotitelná jako podklad pro rozlišování několika geograficko-ekologických poddruhů. Navíc dochází na styku areálů *K. arvensis* a řady dalších druhů k hybridizaci, často introgresivního charakteru, nebo ke vzniku hybridogenních taxonů. To vše zejména v některých oblastech j. Evropy značně zneplodňuje doposud zcela nedostatečně prozkoumanou vnitrodruhovou systematiku *K. arvensis*.
Celkové rozšíření: Téměř v celé Evropě, s výjimkou některých částí Středozemí (zde pozor na záměny s jinými taxony *K. arvensis* agg. nebo *K. purpurea* agg.) a v z. části Střední Asie a na z. Sibiři; druhotný výskyt je znám na Islandu, Faerských ostrovech, v z. části Severní Ameriky a na Dálném východě. – Mapy: Ehrendorfer 1962:142; Meusel et al. 1992:437.
1a Členěné lodyžní listy téměř lysé, peřenolaločné, peřenoklané až peřenodlouhé, často s asymetricky vyvinutými postranními úkrojky a s koncovým úkrojkem krátkým, dosahujícím 1/3–2/5 celkové délky listu; strbouly vždy velké, ca 4 cm v průměru; nažky 5,2–5,7 mm dl. ................. (c) subsp. *pseudolongifolia*
b Členěné lodyžní listy zpravidla štětinatě chlupaté a na spodní straně často též pyřité, peřenodlouhé až peřenosečné, s postranními úkrojky symetricky postavenými, s koncovým úkrojkem delším, dosahujícím 1/3–1/2 délky listu; strbouly menší až stř. velikosti, 2,4–3,7 cm v průměru; nažky 3,6–5,1 mm dl. ........... 2
2a Vnější zákrovní listeny 12–16 mm dl.; nažky 4,2–5,1 mm dl.; počet chromozómů 2n = 40 ....................... (a) subsp. *arvensis*
b Vnější zákrovní listeny 9–14 mm dl.; nažky 3,6–4,7 mm dl.; počet chromozómů 2n = 20, 40 ......................... 3
3a Lodyha pod květenstvím vždy žláznatá; strbouly menší, 2,4–2,7 mm v průměru; koruny syté fialové nachové ... (d) subsp. *serpentincola*
b Lodyha pod květenstvím zpravidla bez stopkatých žlázek; strbouly 2,6–3,5 cm v průměru; koruny světlejších odstínů růžové až modrofialové ............. (b) subsp. *pannonica*
(a) subsp. *arvensis* – chrstavec rolní pravý
Tab. 126/2
Syn.: *Scabiosa polymorpha* F. W. Schmidt Fl. Boém. Inch. 3: 76, 1794. – *S. bohemica* F. W. Schmidt Fl. Boém. Inch. 3:79, 1794. – *S. arvensis* var. *stricta* Seidl ex Pohl. Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1:132, 1809. – *S. stricta* (Seidl ex Pohl.) Opiz in Bercht. et Opiz Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2/1:200, 1838. – *Knautia bohemica* (F. W. Schmidt) Willkomm Führer Reich Pfl. 347, 1882.
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Tab. 126: 1 *Knautia arvensis* subsp. *pseudolongifolia*, 1a, 1b – detaily listů. – 2 *K. arvensis* subsp. *arvensis*, 2a – plod.
1a, 1b, 2, 2a
[TAB. 126] 549
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– *K. arvensis* subsp. *polymorpha* (F. W. SCHMIDT) O. SCHWARZ Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1:118, 1949.
Exsikáty: Extra fines: WOŁOSZCZAK Fl. Polon. Exs., no 639.
Kvetoucí rostliny často s více lodyhami, obvykle bez postranních přízemních listových růžic. Lodyhy (25–)40–80(–120) cm vys., 1–2× větvené, zpravidla dosti hustě pýřité a štětinatě chlupaté, pod květenstvím často žláznaté. Členěné lodyžní listy pečenodilné až pečenosečné, v obrysu kopinaté až šir. vejcité, s postranními úkrojky ± symetricky rozloženými po obou stranách, s koncovým úkrojkem dosahujícím obvykle 1/3–2/3 délky listu; listy štětinatě chlupaté, na spodní straně obvykle též pýřité; délka svěračích buněk průduchů na spodní straně lodyžních listů (27–)33–43(–47) μm. Strbouly středně velké, (2,2–)2,6–3,7(–4,4) cm v průměru; vnější zákrovní listeny kopinaté, (9–)12–16(–19) mm dl., 3,5–8,0 mm šir. Květy oboupohlavné nebo funkčně samičí, se zakrnělými prašníky; koruny nejčastěji růžové až modrofialové, zřídka bělavé; pylová zrna (80–)94–114(–120) μm v průměru. Nažky (3,6–)4,2–5,1(–6,0) mm dl. VI–IX. Hkf.
2n = 40 (ČR: více zjištění z celého území), 39, 40 (ČR: 2b. Podboř. kotl.), 40, 41 (ČR: 2a. Žatec. Poohří, 56b. Jil. Podkrk.)
Variabilita: Morfologicky velmi proměnlivá subspecie, zejména v členění listů (rostliny s nečleněnými listy označovaný jako f. *integrata* BRIO.), v rozložení listů na lodyze (rostliny s listy nahloučenými na bázi lodyh – f. *nana* SZABÓ), v odění lodyh (rostliny s lodyhami pod květenstvím žláznatými – f. *glandulosa* FROEL.) aj. Téměř každá populace v přírodě je tvořena rostlinami, které lze přiřadit k několika takovýmto vnitrodruhovým taxonům. Jedná se tedy zřetelně o individuální ochytné nebo stanoviště modifikace (např. scimorfofy) bez skutečného taxonomického významu. Na kontaktu s *K. drymeia* nebo *K. kitaibelii* dochází k hybridogennímu ovlivňování populací a zvyšování jejich proměnlivosti (viz oddíl Křiženci).
Ekologie a cenologie: Suché a mezofilní louky, pastviny, travnaté a křovinaté svahy, násypy a příkopy komunikací, lesní lemy. Zpravidla na hlubších, často skeletovitých, sušších až čerstvě vlhkých půdách slabě kyselé až zásadité reakce. Především ve společenstvích tříd *Molinio-Arrhenatheretea* a *Festuco-Brometea*; diagnostický taxon svazu *Arrhenatherion* a podsazu *Coronillo variae-Festucenion rupicolae* (svaz *Festucion valesiacae*).
Rozšíření v ČR: Roztroušeně až hojně po celém území, s těžištěm rozšíření v termofytiku a mezofytiku, v oreofytiku pouze v teplejších oblastech v územích s hustejším osídlením. Od planárního do submontánního stupně, ojediněle a pravděpodobně přechodně až do stupně supramontánního (max.: chata na Králickém Sněžníku, 1 360 m).
Celkové rozšíření: Severní polovina Evropy a z. část Asie, od z. Evropy po z. Sibiř, na sever ve Skandinávii až po 67° s.s.; jižní hranice areálu je nedokonale známa.
(b) subsp. *pannonica* (HEUFFEL) O. SCHWARZ – chrastavec rolní panonský
*Knautia arvensis* (Linnaeus) COULTER subsp. *pannonica* (HEUFFEL) O. SCHWARZ Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1:118, 1949. – Syn.: *Knautia arvensis* (L.) COULTER var. *jasionea* BORBÁS Acta Cist. Inst. Bot. Syst. R. Univ. Kolosvárinae 1:75, 1904. – *Trichera arvensis* (L.) SCHRADER subsp. *pannonica* (HEUFFEL) SOJÁC Čas. Nár. Muž. ser. natur., 148:197, 1979.
Exsikáty: Extra fines: BAENITZ Herb. Europ., no 7770 (ut *K. arvensis* var. *jasionea* BORBÁS).
Kvetoucí rostliny často s více lodyhami, za květu zpravidla bez postranních přízemních listových růžic. Lodyhy (25–)40–80(–120) cm vys., 1–2× větvené, zpravidla dosti hustě pýřité a štětinatě chlupaté, pod květenstvím zřídka žláznaté. Členěné lodyžní listy pečenodilné až pečenosečné, v obrysu kopinaté až šir. vejcité, s postranními úkrojky ± symetricky rozloženými po obou stranách, s koncovým úkrojkem dosahujícím obvykle 1/3–2/3 délky listu; listy štětinatě chlupaté, na spodní straně obvykle též pýřité; délka svěračích buněk průduchů na spodní straně lodyžních listů (18–)26–35(–42) μm. Strbouly malé až středně velké, (1,9–)2,6–3,5(–4,4) cm v průměru; vnější zákrovní listeny kopinaté až vejcité, (7–)9–14(–17) mm dl., 3–7 mm šir. Květy oboupohlavné nebo funkčně samičí, se zakrnělými prašníky; koruny nejčastěji růžové, fialově červené nebo modrofialové; pylová zrna (68–)80–100(–112) μm v průměru. Nažky (3,1–)3,6–4,6(–5,2) mm dl. VI–IX. Hkf.
2n = 20 (ČR: 19. B. Karp. step.)
Variabilita: Vnitropopulační proměnlivost je charakterem i významem obdobná jako u subsp. *arvensis* (viz výše) s tím, že v ČR není variabilita subsp. *pannonica* zvyšována křížením či introgresi.
Ekologie a cenologie: Suché a mezofilní louky, písčiny, vinice, sady, pastviny, travnaté svahy a příkopy komunikací, lemy křovin a lesů. Na hlubších, někdy skeletovitých, sušších až čerstvě vlhkých půdách neutrální až zásadité reakce. Nejčastěji ve společenstvích tříd *Festuco-Brometea*, *Molinio-Arrhenatheretea* a *Trifolio-Geranietea*.
Rozšíření ČR: V termofytiku a teplejším mezofytiku jv. Moravy především v planárním až suprakolinním stupni. S jistotou znám dosud z Bílých Karpat, Jihomoravských úvalu a Jihomoravské pahorkatiny; pravděpodobně se vyskytuje na Pavlovských vrších, ve Středomoravských Karpatech, ve Znojemsko-brněnské pahorkatině a snad i jinde. Podrobnější obraz rozšíření však není znám a vyžaduje další studium. Územím ČR probíhá s. hranice celkového rozšíření.
Celkové rozšíření: Jižní část stř. Evropy a snad i v dalších oblastech j., jv. a již. Evropy; rozšíření subspecie je však velmi nedostatečně známé, neboť není obvykle odlišována od dalších příbuzných taxonů. – Mapy: EHRENDORFER 1962:142.
(c) subsp. pseudolongifolia (SZABÓ) O. SCHWARZ – chrstavec rolní krkonošský
Tab. 126/1
*Knautia arvensis* (LINNAEUS) COULTER subsp. *pseudolongifolia* (SZABÓ) O. SCHWARZ Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1:118, 1949. – Syn.: *Knautia arvensis* var. *pseudolongifolia* SZABÓ Math. Term.-Tudom. Közlem. 31:244, 1911. – K. *pseudolongifolia* (SZABÓ) ŽMUDA Bull. Acad. Sci. Cracov., sci. natur., 1916:171, 1917. – *Trichera arvensis* subsp. *pseudolongifolia* (SZABÓ) HOLUB Preslia 51:282, 1979.
Kvetoucí rostliny obvykle s jednou lodyhou a s postranními přízemními listovými růžicemi. Lodyha 25–45 cm vys., nevětvená, řídce pýtitá a štětinatá, na posledním internodiu pod květenstvím též roztř. žláznatá. Přízemní listové růžice zpravidla za květu vyvinuta, s 3–7(–10) cm dl. listy, s čepelí úzce obkopinatou až obvejčitou, řídce štětinatou, pozvolna přecházející v 0,5–3,0 cm dl. řapík. Lodyžní listy až 15 cm dl., přisedlé, celistvé, úzce kopinaté až obkopinaté nebo peřenolaločné až peřenoklaněné, v obrysu úzce kopinaté až kopinaté, na každá straně s 2–6 často nerovnoměrně vyvinutými úkrojky a s koncovým úkrojkem krátkým, dosahujícím 1/3–2/5 celkové délky listu, velmi řídce pýtité, tužší konzistence; délka svěračích buněk průduchů na spodní straně lodyžních listů (28–) 31–37(–40) μm. Strboul velký, (3,0–)3,9,(–4,4) cm v průměru, s vnějšími zákrovními listeny kopinatými až vejčitými, (13–)15–18 mm dl., 4,5–7,0 mm šir. Květy vždy oboupohlavné; koruny růžové až fialově růžové; pylová zrna (88–)90–100(–108) μm v průměru. Nažky (4,8–)5,2–5,7(–5,8) mm dl. VIII–IX. Hkf.
2n = 20 (ČR: 93b. Krk. subalp.)
Ekologie a rozšíření v ČR: Stenoendemit Krkonoš, popsaný a známý pouze z jediné lokality na hřbitku mezi kary Velké a Malé Kotelné jámy a přilehlých skalních rozsedlin v rozvolněných subalpínských trávnících na svazích, okrajích sutí a skalních terasách, na humuse bohaté, vesměs mělké skeletotivité půdě na minerálně bohatém, bazickém podkladu (vápencové a erlanové vložky) v nadmořské výšce 1 320–1 400 m. Roste zde hlavně v porostech asociace *Saxifrago oppositifoliae-Festucetum versicoloris* WAGNEROVÁ et ŠIROVÁ 1971 (svaz *Agrostion alpinae*), méně často v kontaktních společenstvích svazu *Genistion*. △ – Mapy: ŠTĚPÁNEK 1989:28.
O: 93b. Krk. subalp. (Velká Kotelná jáma; údaje z jiných nalezlích jsou mylné).
(d) subsp. serpentinicola SMEJKAL – chrstavec rolní hadcový
*Knautia arvensis* (LINNAEUS) COULTER subsp. *serpentinicola* SMEJKAL in schedis.
Kvetoucí rostliny zpravidla s jednou lodyhou, za květu často s postranními přízemními listovými růžicemi. Lodyhy často útlé, vystoupavé nebo přímé, (11–)25–70 cm vys., nevětvené nebo 1–2× větvené, zpravidla dosti hustě pýtité a štětinatě chlupaté, pod květenstvím žláznaté. Členěné lodyžní listy peřenodílné až peřenosečné, v obrysu kopinaté až vejčité, s postranními úkrojky ± symetricky rozloženými po obou stranách, v počtu 1–4 (–7), s koncovým úkrojkem dosahujícím obvykle 2/5–1/2 délky listu; listy štětinatě chlupaté; délka svěračích buněk průduchů na spodní straně lodyžních listů (25–)28–37(–43) μm. Strbouly malé, (2,1–)2,4–3,3(–3,8) cm v průměru; vnější zákrovní listeny kopinaté až vejčité, (10–)14(–16) mm dl., 3,0–5,5 mm šir. Květy oboupohlavné; koruny sytě nachově až fialově červené; pylová zrna (80–)84–94(–105) μm v průměru. Nažky (3,5–)4,1–4,7 (–5,4) mm dl. VI–IX. Hkf.
2n = 20 (ČR: 41. Stř. Povlt., 91. Žďár. vrchy); 39, 40, 41 (ČR: 28c. Mních. had.)
Variabilita: Jednotlivé lokální populace se poněkud odlišují v některých morfologických znacích (mohutnost rostlin, frekvence přítomnosti přízemních listových růžic za květu, počet postranních úkroků lodyžních listů, odtín zbarvení korun, aj.); rozdíly jsou však poměrně malé, odražejí spíše určité tendence v diferenciaci izolovaných populací a proto mohou být sotva podkladem pro taxonomické členění. Pozoruhodnější je karyologická variabilita – zjištění diploidních a tetraploidních populací by mohlo být důkazem fylogenetické nejednotnosti subsp. *serpentinicola*. Morfologické znaky včetně znaků korelovaných obvykle s plodní úrovní (velikost průduchů, pylových zrn, celková velikost rostlin i jednotlivých orgánů) však naznačují, že tetraploidní populace z mariánskolázeňských hadců má blíže k diploidním serpentinicolum populacím než k subsp. *arvensis* a že je zde asi přímá mikroevoluční souvislost. Zřejmá reproductivní izolovanost je nicméně významným jevem, který bude pravděpodobně nutno při dalším studiu vzít v úvahu.
Ekologie a cenologie: Světlé reliktní bory, lesní světliny a okraje cest; na skeletovitých, minerálně bohatých půdách extrémního chemismu vznikajících větráním serpentinitů. Především ve společenstvích pravděpodobně náležejících svazu *Erico-Pinion*, popř. ve společenstvích náhradních.
Rozšíření v ČR: Ostrůvkovitě v mezofytiku a oreofytiku v oblastech rozsáhlejších výchozů hadců – na mariánskolázeňských hadcích (tetraploidní), na hadcích dolnokralovických (diploidní) a hadcích mezi Starým Ranskem a Havlíčkovou Borovou (diploidní). Známé výskyty jsou v suprakolinním a submontáním stupni (min.: Borovsko, svahy nad Sedlickým potokem, ca 370 m; max.: Prameny, vrch Vlčí hřbet, ca 880 m). Další nálezy v oblastech s reliktními bory nejsou vyloučeny.
M: 28c. Mnich. had. (zvl. v j. části), 41. Stř. Povlt. (Borovsko). – O: 91. Žďár. vrchy (hadce mezi Starým Ranskem a Havlíčkovou Borovou).
Poznámka: Celkové rozšíření poddruhu není známo; nelze vyloučit, že se jedná o endemický taxon Českého masivu.
4. **Knautia kitaibelii** (Schult.) Borbás – chrstavec Kitaibelův
*Knautia kitaibelii* (Schultes) Borbás Acta Sci. Inst. Bot. Syst. R. Univ. Kolosvárina 1:60. 1904. – Syn.: *Scabiosa kitaibelii* Schultes Observ. Bot. 18. 1809. – *S. pubescens* W et K. ex Willd. Enum. Pl. Hort. Reg. Bot. Berol. 146. 1809. – *Trichera pubescens* (W et K. ex Willd.) R. et Sch. Syst. Veg. 3:57, 1818. – *Scabiosa carpathica* Fischer ex Reichenb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. 193. 1832. – *Knautia arvensis* var. *carpathica* (Fischer ex Reichenb.) Reuss Květina Slov. 210, 1853. – *K. carpathica* (Fischer ex Reichenb.) Heuffel Flora 14:50. 1856. – *Trichera carpathica* (Fischer ex Reichenb.) Nyman Suppl. Syl. Fl. Europ. 14, 1865. – *Knautia moravica* Schur ex Holuby Slov. Pohády 1:560, 1881, non Schur 1894. – *Trichera arvensis* subsp. *carpathica* (Fischer ex Reichenb.) Nyman Conspr. Fl. Europ. Suppl. II/1:160, 1889. – *T. kitaibelii* (Schult.) Borbás in Pallas Nagy Lexikona 7:1, 1894. – *Knautia eburnea* Schur Verh. Naturforsch. Ver. Brünn 33:248, 1894. – *K. arvensis* subsp. *pubescens* (W et K. ex Willd.) O. Schwarz Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1:118, 1949. – *Knautia arvensis* subsp. *kitaibelii* (Schult.) Dostál Klíč. Úpln. Květ. ČSR 745, 1954, nom. illeg.
Poznámka: Jména *Scabiosa kitaibelii* Schult. a *S. pubescens* W et K. ex Willd. byla publikována téhož roku – 1809. Borbás (1904:60) tvrdí, že Schultesovo jméno je prioritní, ale neuvadí pro toto tvrzení žádné důvody. V současné době je Borbásův názor obecně přijímán.
Exsikáty: Extra fines: Baenitz Herb. Europ., no 7771, 7773. – Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung., no 2272/II, II. – Fl. Hung. Exs., no 879.
Oddenek šikmý, zpravidla zkrácený, sympodialní, zakončený kvetoucí lodyhou, za květu obvykle s postranními přízemními listovými úzřicemi. Lodyhy přímé, obvykle 1–2× dichaziaálně větvené, (30–)50–110(–150) cm vys., v dol. části zpravidla pouze štětinatě chlupaté (chlupy na bázi s valem nezbarvených pokožkových buněk, rovnovážné až nazpět odstále, 0,8–3,2 mm dl.) nebo též pýřité (chlupy 0,1–0,3 mm dl.); stř. a hor. internodia téměř vždy hustě pýřitá s 0,05–0,20 mm dl. chlupy a řídce štětinatá; mezi krycími trichomy posledního internodia pod květenstvím často 0,05–0,20 mm dl. stopkaté žlázky se žlutou nebo žlutohnědou hlavičkou. Lodyžní listy zpravidla přisedlé, peřenodílné až peřenosečné, v obrysu vejčité až šir. vejčité, s (2–)3–6(–9) čárkovitě kopinatými až kopinatými, celokrajnými úkrojký na každé straně a s kopinatým až vejčité kopinatým, celokrajným nebo zubatým koncovým úkrojkem dosahujícím 1/3–2/3 celkové délky listu; méně často lodyžní listy celistvé, kopinaté až obkopinaté, nejširší v 1/2 nebo nad 1/2 délky, obvykle užší než 5 cm; listy jsou bylinné, měkké nebo tužší konzistence, chlupaté, na svrchní straně štětinatě chlupaté nebo ± lysé. Strbouly s květy oboupohlavnými, (2,5–)3,0–3,5(–4,5) cm v průměru; zákrovní listeny kopinaté až vejčité kopinaté, (12–)14–17(–21) mm dl., (4,5–)5,5–6,0(–7,0) mm šir., 2,5–3,0× delší než široké; kališních cípů (7–)8(–10), za plodu rozestálých; koruny nažloutle bílé až světle žluté, za sucha ± syté žluté; prašníky a blizny bělavé nebo světle hnědožluté. Nažky (3,8–)4,4–5,2(–6,5) mm dl. VI–VIII. Hkf.
2n = 40 (ČR: 19. B. Karp. step.)
Variabilita: Nápadná morfologická proměnlivost zejména ve tvaru lodyžních i přízemních listů, ve velikosti přízemních listových růžic, v postavení listů na lodyze a v hustotě odění je taxonomicky nevýznamná. Zvýšení variabilit v některých oblastech výskytu souvisí s introgresií tetraploidní *K. arvensis* subsp. *arvensis* (viz 3a × 4. *K. × posoniensis*).
Ekologie a cenologie: Přirozeně i polokulturní louky, pastviny, křovinaté stráně, lesní lemy a světliny, sady, meze, okraje cest. Na hlubších, vlhkých až čerstvě vlhkých půdách bazické až neutrální reakce. Nejčastěji ve společenstvích tříd *Molinio-Arrhenatheretea*, *Festuco-Brometea* a *Trifolio-Geranietea*.
Rozšíření v ČR: Původní pravděpodobně pouze na jv. Moravě – v termofytiku a mezofytiku Bílých Karpat a Javorníků, v kolinním až submontáním stupni (min.: více lokalit na úpatí Bílých Karpat, ca 200 m; max.: Javorníky, hřeben mezi Malým Javorníkem a Portášem, ca 900–1 000 m). Výskyt v ČR tvoří z. hranici celkového rozšíření druhu. Sekundární rozšíření souvisí zřejmě s introgresivní hybridizací s *K. arvensis* subsp. *arvensis* (viz oddíl Křiženci). V současnosti lze nalézt jedince nebo populace rostlin morfologicky odpovídajících popisu *K. kitaibelii* téměř na celé Moravě a ve v. polovině Čech. Těžiště druhotného rozšíření je v planárním až suprakolinním stupni.
Původní rozšíření: T: 19. B. Karp. step. (hojně). – M: 78. B. Karp. les, 82. Javorn.
Druhotné rozšíření: T: 15. Vých. Pol., 18. Jihomor. úv., 20. Jihomor. pah., 21. Haná. – M: 41. Stř. Povlt., 66. Hornosáz. pah., 67. Českomoř. vrch., 68. Mor. podh. Vysoč., 69. Želez. hory, 70. Mor. kras, 71. Drah. vrch., 76. Mor. brána, 77. Středomor. Karp., 79. Zlín. vrchy, 80. Stř. Poběč., 81. Host. vrchy, 83. Ostr. pán.
Celkové rozšíření: Západní Karpaty od Hainburských kopců po Pieniny. – Mapy: Ehrendorfer 1962:142.
Kříženci
3a × 1. Knautia arvensis subsp. arvensis × drymeia
Knautia × speciosa Schur – chrstavec větvenatý
Knautia × speciosa Schur Verh. Naturforsch. Ver. Brünn 33: 239, 1894. – Syn.: Scabiosa sylvatica var. pinnatifida Čečák. Prodr. Květ. Čes. 4:800, 1883. – Knautia × ramosissima Szabo Mat. Term.-Tud. Közlem. 31:383, 1911.
Oddenek monopodiálně větvený, zakončený listovou růžicí, s postranními vystoupavými lodyhami, nebo oddenek sympodiálně větvený, zakončený ± přímou kvetoucí lodyhou, často s postranními přízemními růžicemi. Lodyhy v dol. části obvykle hustě oděné zahnutými, 0,2–0,4 mm dl. chlupy a rovnými, 0,5–1,8(–2,5) mm dl. chlupy. Lodyžní listy nejčastěji lyrovitě peřenosečné, v obrysu vejčité kopinaté až šir. vejčité, s 1–4(–5) úkrojků na každé straně a s mohutně vyvinutým, kopinatým až vejčitým, na okraji pilovitým koncovým úkrojkem, jemně chlupaté. Strbouly s květy oboupohlavnými nebo funkčně samičími, malé až stř. velké, (2,4–)2,8–3,2(–3,4) cm v průměru; vnější zákrovní listeny úzce kopinaté až kopinaté, (10–)14–17(–19) mm dl., 3,5–4,0× delší než široké; koruny vinově červené, růžové až červenofialové; kališních cípů (7–)8–12(–16). VI–IX. Hkf.
Variabilita: Přírodní populace zpravidla zahrnují nejen primární křížence, ale i produkty zpětného křížení, což se projevuje vysokou vnitropopulární proměnlivostí všech znaků, kterými se odlišují rodičovské druhy (způsob růstu, odění rostlin, tvar listů, velikost a zbarvení strboulů, počet kališních cípů aj.).
Ekologie a rozšíření v ČR: Roztroušeně v územích společného výskytu rodičů, zejména ve v. Čechách a na v. a stř. Moravě. Nejčastěji na stanovištích, kde se mohou ekologicky odlišně se chovající rodičovské druhy setkat – lesní lemy a křoviny, lesní světliny, paseky apod. Většina nalezišť v kolinním a suprakolinním stupni (min.: kanón Labe s. od Děčína, ca 130 m; max.: Moravský kras, Pustý žleb, ca 500 m).
Ti 15. Vých. Pol., 16. Znoj.-brn. pah. – M: 41. Stř. Povlt., 46b. Kaň. Labe, 60. Orl. opuky, 62. Litomyš. pán., 63. Českomor. mezih., 64. Říčan. ploš. (Nechánice), 65. Kutnoh. pah. (Pařízov), 68. Morav. podh. Vysoc., 70. Mor. kras (často), 71. Drah. vrch., 76b. Tršic. pah. (Mrsklesy).
Poznámka: V ČR se nachází podstatná část území, kde dochází ke kontaktu K. arvensis subsp. arvensis a K. drymeia subsp. drymeia, a je tedy velmi pravděpodobné, že zde se nalézá téžiště výskytu K. × speciosa.
3a × 1 × 4. Knautia arvensis subsp. arvensis × drymeia × kitaibelii
Knautia × leucantha Schur – chrstavec žlutavý
Knautia × leucantha Schur Verh. Naturforsch. Ver. Brünn 33: 242, 1894. – Syn.: Knautia simplicifolia Schur Verh. Naturforsch. Ver. Brünn 33:241, 1894. – K. permagna Schur Verh. Naturforsch. Ver. Brünn 33:245, 1894.
Rostliny morfologicky i charakterem populací proměnlivosti velmi podobné předcházejícímu kříženci 3a × 1. K. × speciosa; odlišují se především zbarvením květů (koruny špinavě žluté, špinavě nažloutlé růžové až špinavě růžové) a v průměru poněkud mohutnějším vzrůstem.
2n = 40 (ČR: 16. Znoj.-brn. pah., 62. Litomyš. pán., 68. Mor. podh. Vysoc.); 39, 40 (ČR: 71c. Drah. podh.)
Rozšíření v ČR: Pouze v územích společného výskytu K. drymeia a populace introgresivních hybridů K. arvensis × K. kitaibelli především na jz. a stř. Moravě a ve v. Čechách.
Dosud zaznamenán ve fyt. o. 16. Znoj.-brn. pah., 60. Orl. opuky, 62. Litomyš. pán., 63. Českomor. mezih., 68. Mor. podh. Vysoc., 70. Mor. kras a 71. Drah. vrch.
Poznámka: U rostlin K. arvensis agg. × drymeia sbírajících v těchto oblastech je často nesnadné určit, zda pocházejí z populace ovlivněných druhem K. kitaibelli nebo zda se jedná o vyšše uvedeného křížence 3a × 1. K. × speciosa.
3a × 2. Knautia arvensis subsp. arvensis × maxima
Knautia × sambucifolia (Godet) Briq. – chrstavec bezolistý
Knautia × sambucifolia (Godet) Briquet Annaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 6:131, 1902. – Syn.: Knautia sylvatica var. sambucifolia Godet Fl. Jura 330, 1853.
Rostliny vzhledem podobné K. maxima, odlišující se především tvarem lodyžních listů, které jsou lyrovitě peřenodílné až peřenosečné, s obvykle (1–)2(–3) cm šir. postranními úkrojků.
Vzácně na lokalitách společného výskytu obou rodičovských druhů; zpravidla nevytváří početnější populace a jednotlivé rostliny, byť často nápadně vitální, se pravděpodobně dále nerozmnožují a nešíří.
Dosud nalezen ve fyt. o. 35. Podbrd. (Zaječov), 37. Šum.-novohr. podh. (Český Krumlov; Kašperské Hory), 67. Českomor. vrch. (Jižhava, rybník Lukáš), 88. Šum. (Železná Ruda; Modrava) a 89. Novohr. hory (Černé Údolí).
3a × 4. Knautia arvensis subsp. arvensis × kitaibelli
Knautia × posoniensis Degen – chrstavec bratislavský
Knautia × posoniensis Degen in Degen, Gáyer et Scheffer Magy. Bot. Lap. 22:110, 1923.
Exsikáty: SCHULTZ Herb. Norm., ser. n., no 1789 (ut K. carpatica HEUFF.). – Extra fines: BAENITZ Herb. Europ., no 2552 (ut K. moravica SCHUR).
Rostliny morfologicky velmi podobné rodičovským taxonům; jediným spolehlivým znakem je zbarvení květů – koruny rostlin v hybridních populacích jsou zbarveny v různých odstínech špinavě žluté, zelenožluté až špinavě růžové, přičemž jsou často různé části koruny odlišně zbarveny, nebo jsou rozdílně zbarveny koruny téhož květenství.
$2n = 40$ (ČR: 14a. Bydž. pán., 15a. Jarom. Pol., 16. Znoj.-brn. pah., 19. B. Karp. step., 20b. Hustopeč. pah., 41. Stř. Povlt., 61b. Týništ. úv., 62. Litomyš. pán., 66. Hornosáz. pah., 68. Mor. podh. Vysoč., 69b. Seč. vrch., 80a. Vset. kotl.); 39, 40 (ČR: 71c. Drah. podh.)
Ekologie a cenologie: Pastviny, sušší louky, travnaté svahy, násypy, příkopy a okraje komunikací, lesní lemy. Zpravidla na živinami bohatých, suchých až čerstvě vlhkých půdách alkalické až neutrální reakce. Nejčastěji ve společenstvech svazu Arrhenatherion, Bromion erecti, Trifolion medii, ale i Convolvulo-Agropyrion.
Rozšíření v ČR: Především v termofytiku a mezofytiku ve východní části území, s těžištěm rozšíření ve v. Čechách a na stř. a s. Moravě; v z. polovině Čech schází. Nejčastěji v kolinním až submontánním stupni (max.: Beskydy, více lokalistit, ca 850–950 m).
T: 11. Stř. Pol., 15. Vých. Pol., 16. Znoj.-brn. pah., 18. Jihomor. úv., 19. B. Karp. step., 20. Jihomor. poh., 21. Haná. – M: 39. Třeboň. pán. (Mažice), 41. Stř. Povlt., 59. Orl. podh., 60. Orl. opuky, 61. Dol. Poortl., 62. Litomyš. pán., 63. Českomor. mezih., 65. Kutnoh. pah., 66. Hornosáz. pah., 67. Českomor. vrch., 68. Mor. podh. Vysoč., 69. Želez. hory, 70. Mor. kras, 71. Drah. vrch., 72. Zábr.-unič. úv., 73. Hanuš.-rychleb. vrch., 74. Slez. pah., 75. Jes. podh., 76. Mor. brána, 77. Středomor. Karp., 78. B. Karp. lesní, 79. Zlín. vrchy, 80. Stř. Pobeč., 81. Host. vrchy, 82. Javorn., 83. Ostr. pán., 84. Podbesk. pah. – O: 91. Žďár. vrchy, 97. Hr. Jes., 99. Mor.-slez. Besk.
Celkové rozšíření: Z území kontaktu obou rodičovských taxonů v okrajových pohořích Západních Karpat se rozšířil využívaje možností introgresivního křížení do poměrně rozsáhlého území především vně sz. části karpatského oblouku od Dolních Rakous a z. Slovenska přes Moravu a v. Čechy do j. Polska. Na území ČR leží podstatná část areálu tohoto křížence.
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THE SCOTLAND MALAWI PARTNERSHIP
Report of the Trustees
And
Unaudited Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 March 2021
Company number: SC294378
Charity number: SC037048
Report of the Trustees for the year ended 31 March 2021
The Trustees are pleased to present their annual Trustees' Report together with the financial statements of the charity for the year ended 31 March 2021 which are also prepared to meet the requirements for a directors' report and accounts for the Companies Act (2006).
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies set out in note 1 to the accounts and comply with the Memorandum and Articles of Association, the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005, the Charities Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2006 (as amended), the Companies Act 2006 and Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland.
Objectives and activities
The Scotland Malawi Partnership (SMP), per its Articles of Association, exists to coordinate, represent and support the many civic links between Scotland and Malawi. It is the national umbrella network for Scottish organisations and individuals involved with Malawi. The membership is diverse, consisting of schools, colleges, universities, churches, hospitals, international development organisations, businesses, charities, community organisations and individuals.
Objectives
Our Vision:
The SMP exists to inspire the people and organisations of Scotland to be involved with Malawi in an informed, respectful, dignified, coordinated and effective way to the benefit of both nations.
The Scotland Malawi Partnership promotes a people-to-people model of development, rooted in the shared history between our two countries. It focuses on active relationships between people to foster a shared understanding of the development challenges facing Malawi and to support the formation of practical, sustainable solutions. It is through this friendship, trust and shared understanding that the people of Scotland and Malawi will be able to effect real and lasting change, both through their own activity and by influencing the policies and actions of governments, parliaments and national institutions. The model is predicated on mutuality of benefit, enabling both nations to overcome social challenges and meet the aspirations of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.
Our Mission:
We aim to foster links, consistent with our Partnership Principles (www.tinyurl.com/SMPPrinciples) between the two nations, and encourage the advancement of sustainable development in Malawi by:
,
* Informing and inspiring civil society in Scotland about the work of the Partnership, the unique shared history between Scotland and Malawi, and the development challenges facing Malawi, in order to increase public support for extending and enriching the relationship between the two nations.
* Seeking to employ an alternative model of international development, based on mutually beneficial civil society partnerships and links, and advocating its wider employment elsewhere.
* Acting as a forum for encouraging best practice amongst members through the provision of training and the sharing of ideas, processes and information.
* Encouraging a reduction in the duplication of effort in Malawi by facilitating networking, cultivating collaboration, promoting shared learning and raising awareness of existing initiatives.
* Developing support mechanisms which can lead to an exchange of people and/or advance cultural, political or economic understanding between Scotland and Malawi.
* Providing a platform that informs our members of activities, opportunities or items of significance arising in either Scotland or Malawi.
* Demonstrating the relevance of Scotland's civil society contribution to the attainment of the Government of Malawi's Growth and Development Strategy III, the Scottish Government's International Development Strategy and the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Our Values:
Our Values describe our approach; our Vision and Mission can only be achieved if staff, Directors, member organisations and associate members hold these values:
- Mutual respect – We recognise that the historic bilateral civil society relationship between Scotland and Malawi is built on trust and mutual respect and we celebrate its inherent reciprocity.
- Cooperation - We foster a spirit of cooperation, building partnerships and alliances in pursuit of our objectives, avoiding duplication and forging creative ways to work together.
- Internationalism - We stand in the tradition of Scottish internationalism, resisting isolationism and xenophobia, believing that Scotland's strength lies in building strong relationships with nations elsewhere in the world.
- Member-led – We seek to be keenly attentive to the needs and aims of our members, allowing their priorities to shape our direction. Paramount in all our work is provision of the highest possible quality of service to our members.
- Continuous improvement – We continuously strive to improve the quality of our service, as perceived by our members, to encourage viable, ethical development activity between our members and their Malawian counterparts.
- Visible collaboration – We understand the sector(s) in which our members are operating, both in Scotland and Malawi, and foster collaboration in order to maximise impact.
- Social Justice – Staff, Directors and members are committed to encouraging links between Scotland and Malawi, to reduce poverty, promote justice and relieve suffering in Malawi. To achieve that, we all have a role to play in managing our own development and in being supportive of others.
Partnership Principles:
Planning and implementing together
Appropriateness espect, trust and mutual understanding
R
Transparency and Accountability o one left behind
N
Effectiveness
Reciprocity
Sustainability
Do no Harm:
nterconnectivity
I
Parity (equality):
Operational Activity:
SMP events:
In 2020/21 the SMP hosted 35 events attended by 1,966 people and a further 13 SMP co-hosted events attended by 969 people, with a total overall attendance of 2,935. Due to Covid-19 restrictions, all events took place digitally, mostly on Zoom.
2020/21 Solely SMP Events:
22. 'Malawi@COP26' Meeting 2:
05/11/2020 (53 attendees)
23. Education Forum:
03/12/2020 (51 attendees)
24. Roundtable with British High Commissioner: 14/12/2020 (64 attendees)
25. 'Malawi@COP26' Meeting 3:
14/01/2021 (56 attendees)
26. Youth and Schools Forum:
26/01/2021 (86 attendees)
27. Oxygen Supply Coordination Group: 02/02/2021 (26 attendees)
28. Covid Coordination meeting 13:
23/02/2021 (79 attendees)
29. Young Voices on Climate Change:
16/03/2021 (42 attendees)
30. Young Voices on Race and Equality:
17/03/2021 (35 attendees)
31. Meet the Youth Leaders 1:
17/03/2021 (41 attendees)
32. Young Voices on Climate Justice:
18/03/2021 (57 attendees)
33. Meet the Youth Leaders 2:
18/03/2021 (38 attendees)
34. Meet the Youth Leaders 3:
19/03/2021 (63 attendees)
35. SMP Extraordinary General Meeting: 24/03/2021 (44 attendees)
Total attendance: 1,966
2020/21 SMP Co-Hosted Events:
1. Covid Coordination meeting 4 w/ Alliance
21/05/2020 (15 booked through SMP)
2. Schools Forum w/ HOWDEC
27/05/2020 (14 attendees)
3. Covid Coordination meeting 7 (CPG/APPG)
06/07/2020 (51 attendees)
4. Malawi Cross Party Group (CPG):
23/09/2020 (46 attendees)
5. Covid Coordination meeting 11 (APPG):
28/10/2020 (49 attendees)
6. Malawi CPG - Malawi's youth voice on climate: 18/11/2020 (69 attendees)
7. Book Launch – 'Politics, Christianity and Society in Malawi': 28/11/2020 (38 attendees)
8. MaSP AGM:
11/12/2021 (67 attendees)
9. Covid Coordination meeting 12 (CPG/APPG) 25/01/2020 (296 attendees)
10. MaSP Youth Forum:
23/02/2021 (49 attendees)
11. Book Launch: 'The Spirit of Malawi':
25/02/2021 (165 attendees)
12. MaSP Symposium:
11/03/2021 (65 attendees)
13. Equity and Diversity at COP26 Webinar:
26/03/2021 (45 attendees)
Total attendance: 969
Full details of all the above events can be found at: www.scotland-malawipartnership.org/news-events/past-events/
Covid-19 Response:
Strategic response:
The Covid-19 pandemic presented a significant challenge to Scotland and Malawi, and consequently for the SMP. The Partnership moved quickly from mid-March 2020 to disseminate news and information to Members and to prepare itself for an extended period of home-working. The migration to home-working worked well overall, with all staff supported to work from home, and face-to-face meetings and engagements successfully moved to digital platforms.
The Board of Directors recognised from the outset the sheer scale of the crisis. The fact that ScotlandMalawi links have been so significantly disrupted, and the fact that it will not be possible to convene faceto-face meetings for so long, all meant that significant strategic thought was required. It was not enough to simply move existing SMP plans unthinkingly to digital platforms. Instead, the SMP thought afresh what support, services and advice it should most usefully be offering its members in this challenging new reality.
The SMP published in May 2020 a 'Covid-19 Response Strategy' outlining four key strategic priorities which will underpin its work through the coming year:
* CONTINUITY: We will adapt and evolve our current work and plans to ensure business continuity, wherever this desirable, appropriate and possible.
* SUPPORT: We will deliver additional, tailored support to those affected by the crisis, including: members, those in Malawi, travel partners, and our staff.
* INNOVATION: We recognise that there are many challenges but also opportunities, including to develop innovative new digital modes of support and sharing. We will specifically look to develop innovative new services and support for school and youth groups who have had to cancel longplanned Malawi trips.
* INSPIRATION: We will look to inspire our members, the public and the media with stories of Scotland-Malawi collaboration, to keep members' spirits up and ensure we remain an outwardlooking country, investing in the future of our 160-year old friendship with Malawi.
Managing Covid risk:
Rather than update the existing organisational risk register, the situation was so exceptional and far reaching, that the Partnership developed an additional Covid-19 Risk Register (www.tinyurl.com/SMPCovidRisk).
The Covid Risk Register examined risk across three categories:
(1) Risk within the SMP, where the SMP has direct risk exposure
This is broken down into:
(a) internal risks,
(b) operational risks, and
(c) financial risks];
(2) Risk with Members, where the SMP has indirect risk exposure and needs to offer support, and;
(3) Risk with Malawi, again, where the SMP has indirect risk exposure.
For each, the Register quantifies risk, gives commentary, and identifies mitigating and adaptive actions.
The Covid-19 Risk Register sets out the key steps taken to mitigate the most significant pandemic related risks. This register, and the accompanying corporate risk register, were kept updated and revised through the year by both the Board and the Audit & Risk Committee.
Covid support and coordination services:
Throughout 2020/21 the SMP was active giving support and advice to its members, the public and partners in Malawi, to assist the national response to Covid-19.
The SMP hosted 13 major Covid-19 coordination Zoom meetings, working with the Malawi Presidential Covid taskforce, often at a Ministerial level, with a total attendance of over 1,465. These digital meetings brought together members, key stakeholders and experts to share information about Covid-19 in Malawi.
Each meeting often attracted 100-250 key stakeholders across Malawi and Scotland, including: Government Ministers, Parliamentary Groups, and healthcare and NGO leaders across both countries. A total of 641 organisations and key individuals took part in an SMP Covid Coordination meeting.
94% of the 414 that have given feedback on the SMP's Covid coordination work rated it as 'excellent' or 'very good' and said the SMP's support had strengthened their link with Malawi.
In support of Malawi's Covid-19 response, the SMP also:
o Supported 21 Scotland-Malawi Covid fundraising appeals, leveraging donations from across the UK, with many of these funds reporting they exceeded targets.
o Established a Scotland-Malawi Oxygen Supply Coordination Group and hosted its own emergency appeal, raising over £40,000 for emergency support of oxygen provision in Malawian hospitals.
o Created a Covid digital web-hub for the sharing of news, resources and information.
o Agreed Scotland-Malawi Covid-19 Response Principles of Best Practice for funders and NGOs, after consultations across Scotland and Malawi.
o Shared a variety of perspectives on Covid through blogs, articles and videos from Malawians and Scots on the ground.
Covid impact in Malawi:
For most of 2020-21, Malawi seemed to avoid the worst of the Covid-19 pandemic, with relatively very low official numbers of Covid-related deaths. This seemed to increase significantly in January-February 2021 and the SMP accordingly doubled its own support and coordination work, also launching an exceptional emergency appeal to support oxygen delivery in Malawian hospitals. Numbers quickly reduced in Malawi and the year ended with only around 1,100 reported Covid related deaths.
While we welcome these comparably low numbers, we do so with caution as we fear these figures very significantly understate the true level of Covid mortality, due to the challenges collecting and collation data in Malawi. We also recognise that the limited healthcare infrastructure in Malawi, combined with the slow vaccine roll out, means Malawi remains disproportionately vulnerable, we fear, to further waves and new variants. We continue to work closely with our partners in Malawi therefore in our shared fight against Covid-19.
Other Major (non-Covid) Outputs:
While supporting and coordinating the joint Covid-19 response was the main focus of the SMP in this year, the charity also had a number of our significant outputs in support of the bilateral relationship and its members work, including:
* 'Chichewa Challenge': We worked to support our members to use their time while locked down and working from home to improve their Malawi language skills. These digital courses were delivered by a Malawian and a Scottish teacher, together, offering language tuition but also cultural insights for those planning to visit Malawi after restrictions are eased.
* Member Forums: We brought together members digitally around specific thematic areas to disseminate information, share members' learning and experience, and listen to colleagues in Malawi. These included a Faith Forum, an Education Forum (with the Malawian Minister of Education), a Health Forum (with the Minister for Health), and others.
* Member Roundtable Meetings: We hosted a number of roundtable digital meetings for Members to meet key decision-makers and stakeholders in the bilateral relationship including, for example, the new British High Commissioner to Malawi and the Scottish Government's International Development Minister.
* David Livingstone Legacy videos: We have a long-term partnership with the David Livingstone Birthplace Centre in Blantyre, Scotland, and have been working together to ensure a diverse range of views about Livingstone's legacy are well represented at the newly refurbished Centre, which is due to open later in 2021. We have been commissioned by the Centre to produce 32 short videos from a diverse range of Malawians, Zambians, Scots and others from nations visited by Livingstone, sharing their views on his legacy. We have actively sought to highlight alternative assessments of Dr Livingstone's legacy, both positive and negative, such that we do not fall back on a single narrative of our shared history or risk air brushing more challenging elements of our history.
* Years of Governance Strengthening: We made 2020 our 'Year of Governance Strengthening' and decided to extend this to include all of 2021 given Covid-related delays in the project. Malawi had significant success in this area in 2020: it was named The Economist's 'Country of the Year' due to the fact that research found Malawi was the only country to have strengthened its governance in 2020, whereas 80 nations had had their democracies weakened through the pandemic. Through this year the SMP worked to develop all three strands of its 'Years of Governance Strengthening' campaign: strengthening its own governance with a new constitution; supporting members to strengthen their organisational governance; and developing new channels to strengthen governance in innovative ways, in both nations, through the bilateral relationship. In this third strand, the SMP developed a major new initiative with leading Malawian academics and in 2021/22 will be launching a major governance programme structured around a significant peer-reviewed Malawian publication on governance strengthening, sponsored by the SMP.
* COP26: With COP26, the global climate change conference, taking place in Glasgow, and Malawi chairing the LDC (Least Developed Countries) Group, the bilateral relationship has a prominent role at this key conference. In consultation with members and partners in Malawi, the SMP has developed a 'Malawi at COP26' strategy which aims to: give meaningful voice and visibility to Malawi at COP26 and, in so doing, raise awareness of Scotland's links with Malawi, promote our Members' work, and support climate justice in Malawi. Through 2020/21 the SMP worked to deliver this strategy, including starting to collect 26 x 'COP26 Voices' videos, of young Malawians and young Scots setting out their priorities for the conference. COP26 is also a key part of the 'People to People' podcast series and was a core focus throughout the SMP's Youth Festival. The SMP is developing a major event, to hopefully take place during COP26, in the Glasgow City Chambers with the President and First Minister, and is also looking at how it can practically support the Malawi delegation through the conference.
* SMP AGM with the President and First Minister: Malawi was rightly praised for its successful May 2021 re-run Presidential election, in which H.E. Lazarus Chakwera was elected. This was the first time in Africa a court-ordered Presidential election was re-run where the incumbent did not win.
* The new President accepted his ex officio role as SMP Hon Co-Patron (alongside HRH The Princess Royal) in a special video address he gave for the SMP's October 2020 AGM, which was attended by over 250 SMP members. He also used this address to share his priorities for the bilateral relationship, which the SMP is actively stepping up to and encouraging others to as well, in keeping with our core principles. The First Minister of Scotland also recorded a special video message to help open our AGM, alongside the President.
* 'People to People' Podcast: We commissioned and developed a major new digital project in 2020/21, a ten-part podcast series co-produced and co-hosted by an inspiring young, female Malawian (Chimzy Dorey) and an inspiring, young, female Scot (Hazel Darwin-Clements). The series interviews dozens of key stakeholders in the bilateral relationship, presenting their voices in an innovative and engaging way, and making best use of new technologies. They are listening to, and amplifying, as many different and diverse voices as possible, exploring themes including:
* Understanding our past: what is good partnership; exploring privilege; fighting the climate crisis; and much more. The series will be launched in May 2021, with episodes released weekly.
* Political engagements: The SMP maintained its party political neutrality, while constructively engaging both the Scottish and UK Parliaments to represent our members' interests and advance the bilateral relationship. In Westminster, we continued to facilitate the Malawi All-Party Parliamentary Group, with regular digital meetings bringing together MPs and Peers with an interest with Malawi, including for a special Malawi Independence Day meeting on the 6 th July 2020. In Holyrood, we facilitated the Malawi Cross Party Group, with regular meetings and constructive engagements with all five parties. We briefed all 129 MSPs and 59 Scottish MPs on our members' work in their constituencies/regions, using our newly updated Holyrood and Westminster directories. In advance of the May 2021 Holyrood elections, we worked with all the major parties, receiving public messages of support from all the new Party Leaders, and -for the first time ever- securing positive references to Malawi in the manifestos of all five parties with seats in Holyrood. In total, the SMP had 106 points of engagement/support/endorsement from political leaders, including the President of Malawi, the First Minister, Scottish Party Leaders, MSPs and MPs in 2020/21.
* Youth Festival: The SMP's biggest event in 2020/21 was its Digital Youth Festival, which replaced the usual in-person annual Youth Congress. Despite all the significant challenges, of schools being almost entirely unable to engage due to the unprecedent pressures they faced, this was a fantastic success for the Partnership. Over 250,000 people were engaged in this week of SMP youth-led digital engagements, which included: podcasts, webinars, social media take overs, Facebook lives, digital dance and language competitions, and much more. Race and equality, and climate change were the main themes of the Youth Festival and the SMP's Youth Committee led with the design and delivery of all aspects of the week, ensuring an authentic youth-led feel to all we did.
* Digital media: Above and beyond the many digital events hosted by the SMP, the Partnership was also active across different digital channels to disseminate its messaging, share its core narrative (of dignified two-way partnerships and mass civic engagement) and reach new audiences. 53 email bulletins were sent to members, which were read over 14,000 times, and the SMP website had over 85,000 page views from over 26,000 new visitors. The Partnership also developed an entirely new website in 2020/21 which will be launched in May 2021. The SMP had over 920,000 Twitter impressions (with over 6,000 followers) and a reach on Facebook of over 320,000. 51 videos were produced by the SMP in the year, viewed over 17,000 times in total, and there were 135 features relating to Malawi in the Scottish media, 93% of which were positive in tone.
Diversity and inclusion:
The SMP and its sister Malawian network, the Malawi Scotland Partnership (MaSP), together co-published a joint commitment to black lives matter in June 2020 (www.tinyurl.com/SMPBlackLivesMatter). This statement received praise from across the sector, including from a Minister speaking in Parliament and in a new book published by a former MP on Scottish internationalism.
Both the SMP and MaSP are anti-racist and anti-prejudice: we stand in solidarity with those who fight racism, in all its forms, in both Scotland and Malawi. We recognise that, in the fight against racism, silence is not acceptable and we are proud to make this joint statement to call-out and oppose racism. We continue to work closely with Malawian and Scottish historians to better understand our 162-year shared history, both good and bad.
For all the many challenges of the Covid-19, the move to digital engagements has brought a number of advantages for the SMP, most notably the ability to welcome a larger and more diverse audience. The SMP has always prided itself on its inclusive approach but, too often in the past, in-person events have excluded many people for very practical reasons of geography.
All 35 SMP events in 2020/21 and all 13 co-hosted engagements took place online, allowing far greater inclusivity, with people able to join right across Scotland and Malawi.
One third of all those who attended SMP meetings in 2020/21 were Malawians (with a total gender balance of 53% female:47% male) and the overwhelming majority of those attending our sister network's meetings were Malawian. This meant that, for the first time, the majority of people taking part in events talking about the bilateral relationship were Malawians and not Scots. Indeed, one meeting of the Scottish Parliament's Malawi Cross Party Group facilitated by the SMP in this period, had 75% of attendees joining from Malawi!
We very much welcome the inclusivity and diversity that this technology offers the SMP: this is entirely in line with our principles and values. However, we recognise that power, connectivity and adequate bandwidth are not readily available for all in Malawi. Malawi has some of the most expensive internet provision in the world. We are therefore committed to increasing digital inclusivity and continue to work actively with our sister network in Malawi to offer increasing practical support with connectivity (covering the cost of airtime, supporting access to IT hardware, etc).
In the April 2021 member feedback survey, 93% of respondents said the SMP offers a welcoming, diverse and inclusive space for people to engage.
Becoming a SCIO:
The Scotland Malawi Partnership has been a Company Limited by Guarantee (SC294378) and a registered Scottish Charity (SC037048). When it was established, some 15 years ago, SCIOs (Scottish Charitable Incorporated Organisations) did not exist and companies limited by guarantee were deemed best practice. Since then, SCIOs have been developed precisely for charities such as ours.
In keeping with our 'Years of Governance Strengthening' work, early in 2020/21 the Board examined the best structure to take the SMP forward into the future. It considered revisions to the SMP's Memorandum and Articles of Association (MAA) but, at the conclusion of the review, the Board decided it would be most appropriate for the SMP to become a SCIO. SCIO's do not have an MAA but they do have a Constitution.
The main reason for the Board favouring becoming a SCIO is that this removes one layer of governance (Companies House) while retaining the important features of limited liability and charitable status. Indeed, a SCIO can only exist as long as it remains a charity. It also removes the necessity of members contributing to the assets of SMP in the event of it ceasing to function (currently £1 per member).
At the October 2020 AGM, Members voted unanimously for the Partnership to become a SCIO. The SMP then developed a draft constitution which Members were consulted on in the autumn and then an EGM was held in March 2021, at which the decision was finalised.
From 1 st April 2021 the SMP has become a SCIO called "The Scotland Malawi Partnership SCIO" and, through the coming months, will complete the migration of its systems and, ultimately, winding up the old Company Limited by Guarantee (SC294378) and a registered Scottish Charity (SC037048).
This change in constitutional status and new constitution will not affect the SMP's operational work and all existing staff and directors will continue unaffected into this new legal structure (the Directors will be known as Trustees).
Feedback and External review:
Impact statements:
In 2020/21 the SMP logged 479 positive messages/feedback about its work from members, partners and key stakeholders, from the President of Malawi, the First Minister of Scotland and the Scottish political party leaders, to individual SMP members. These impact statements have come from emails received by staff, public statements issued, speeches made, and survey responses.
This is not exhaustive but gives a useful sense of some of the considerable positive feedback the SMP has received over the last year, helping paint a picture of the impact and value of the SMP's work core funded by the Scottish Government.
To download all 479 positive impact statements received in 2020/21, visit: www.tinyurl.com/SMPfeedback21
Member Needs and Impact Survey:
Every year the SMP conducts a Membership Needs and Impact Survey, asking members what impact the SMP has had on their work with Malawi over the last year, and what members would like the SMP to do to support their work in the following year. In keeping with our core principles of transparency and accountability, and as a member-led organisation, we publicly share the full results of the survey.
96 SMP Members completed the online survey in April 2021. 80% of respondents felt that membership of the SMP in 2020-21 "helped strengthen, support or develop their links with Malawi". The most common words used when members described the SMP's impact were: "essential", "invaluable", "understanding" and "Malawi voices". The overwhelming majority of respondents felt all the SMP's strategic objectives had been met in 2020/21 (ranging from 92% to 100%).
Feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with particular praise for the SMP's: Covid-19 response coordination work, information dissemination, guidance on appropriate support, networking and support for collaborations, youth engagements, digital innovations increasing inclusivity and amplifying Malawian voices, inspiration and positivity, helping members see the big picture, and access to senior government representatives.
To read the full results of the Member Needs and Impact survey, visit: www.tinyurl.com/SMPreview21
Feedback from enquiries handled:
The SMP logged 117 enquiries in 2020/21, using an internal cloud-based system – this is a selection of all enquiries handled by the SMP. From this sample, a good range of different enquiries were handled, from members and the public, Malawi and Scotland, and with a seeming 60%:40% female:male gender balance.
31% of those who had an enquiry logged by the SMP completed a survey at the end of the year asking how they felt about the service they received.
Over 72% of respondents said they were "very satisfied" with the SMP's handling of their enquiry and 14% "moderately" satisfied. Most respondents gave positive feedback and there is some extremely strong (this sentence continues below) feedback, from those who feel the SMP's support was invaluable. But also a reasonable number who said the impact of the SMP's response to their enquiry was "none" or "negligible". Anecdotally, this seems to be mostly from enquiries asking about financial support from Malawi.
Overall, we can reasonably conclude that, while there are some areas where we could further improve, the SMP has continued to offer a valued enquiry handling service in 2020/21, despite the significant challenges and pressures of homeworking.
To read the full results of this survey, visit: www.tinyurl.com/SMPenquiries
Delivery against core-funded objectives:
The SMP receives core funding from the Scottish Government on a triennial basis. It reports fully every six months to government and, given this is public money, also chooses to share reporting publicly.
In the current core funding grant, the SMP has 69 targets in the 'logical framework' monitoring approach that has been agreed with the Scottish Government. In the review of 2020/21 the SMP was found to have achieved the below results, despite the challenges of Covid-19 and home working:
* 64 (93%) indicators rated "Green" – target met or exceeded;
* 5 (7%) indicators rated "Amber" – target missed but within 25%;
* 0 (0%) indicators rated "Red" – target missed by more than 25%
We are indebted to successive Scottish Governments for the support the SMP has received. While we have succeeded in diversifying our income to a some degree eg through member fees, commercial agreements and grants from other sources, it would not be possible for the SMP to achieve all it does without this farsighted and long-term support from the Scottish Government.
To view the full results of the logical framework review, visit: www.tinyurl.com/SMPlogframe21
Independent Expert Review:
Above and beyond the reporting required for the Scottish Government the SMP choses to also commission an external expert review assessing the impact of its work, to ensure it continues to develop and improve its work. In 2020/21 this review was conducted by the Corra Foundation, a highly respected Scottish foundation with considerable experience of both distributing and assessing the effectiveness of charitable grants. assessors in the sector.
The review concluded:
"This review of the annual report documentation shared by the SMP and additional public sources notes a range of evidence provided to support the conclusion that the SMP has:
* successfully delivered on the pre-set outcome milestones for the 2020-2021 year of implementation,
* been able to meet those milestones despite the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic which affected both member engagement and staff capacities, and,
* additionally, been able to meaningfully respond to the new needs of members in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic.
"This assessment has found good evidence of progress in relation to the logframe for almost all indicators at impact, outcome and output level, with many exceeded and none judged as significantly missed, particularly when performance against complementary indicators is taken into consideration. Detailed consideration of how and whether individual indicators have been met is outlined above by outcome, and that text includes discussion of how the Covid-19 pandemic is likely to have affected delivery and measurement. As noted above, the SMP's response to the new restrictions and new needs resulting from the pandemic should be seen as a significant achievement that has helped mutual understanding and assistance among stakeholders in both Malawi and Scotland.
"Beyond the conclusions of the review in relation to achievement of grant targets, this review makes a final observation regarding the Covid-19 pandemic and its implications for network events and functioning. Pandemic restrictions over the past year have brought dramatic changes to how SMP members are able to conduct activities and engage in the network. SMP moved its events and work online with laudable speed and this transition should be seen as an important and particular achievement of the 2020-21 period. While online work and engagement has swiftly become the 'new normal', it remains a very significant adjustment and SMP is therefore encouraged to reflect on what the move online means for SMP members' needs and events and participation going forward. Many more people can join events, regardless of membership status, and this brings many positive things, not least greater contacts with those based in Malawi and the involvement of those who might not have been able to travel to in-person meetings. However, and as indicated by some of the feedback shared, this also means that the purpose and function of SMP may not be clear to all now joining SMP events – in a review of feedback comment compilations for example, the few negative points amid the generally very positive feedback recorded mostly reflect frustration born of clearly unrealistic expectations of what SMP can provide. One of the SMP's key challenges, and key strengths, is the breadth of its membership and its ability as an organisation to cater to these very diverse needs: with the shift online, the breadth and diversity of event participation has increased significantly. A year in, and with online events now likely to continue indefinitely as an element of any programme, a suggestion from this review is that this might be a good moment to reflect on the changes the shift to digital events has brought to the kind and types of participation and what that might mean for how SMP advertises, organises and introduces or frames its online events and activity. "To read the full Corra Foundation external expert impact review, visit: www.tinyurl.com/SMPassessment21
Financial review
The SMP's work is largely dependent on grants from the Scottish Government. Other grants and donations are received from time to time, mostly for specific restricted purposes. For the first time, the Malawi Scotland Partnership received funding direct from the Scottish Government, rather than passing through our accounts. Accordingly, there is a significant drop in reported income and a matching drop in expenditure.
In 2020-21, we continued to diversify our sources income, with new corporate partnerships, grant funding and project income. This was somewhat hampered by the impact of Covid-19 on the Scottish economy.
The total undesignated, unrestricted reserves at the year-end amounted to £95,553 (2020: £78,998). Restricted reserves are £13,547 (2020: £29,725).
In 2020-21, the SMP was underspent both in its core grant funded work and work funded from the SMP's unrestricted income. This was due to the impact of Covid-19, with no overseas or UK travel, office working or in-person events being possible. At the Scottish Government's request £4,598 was returned to the Scottish Government at the start of quarter 4, as this was the forecast level of grant underspend.
Most in-person event costs were able to be re-allocated to digital alternatives within the same budget lines, to achieve the same overall outcomes. For example, instead of an in-person Youth Congress the SMP had a Digital Youth Festival. Some of the in-person member engagement costs were replaced with the 'People to People' Podcast commission which looked to engage members in an innovative digital discussion, representing their work and exploring key themes around the bilateral relationship.
Risk management
The Trustees consider the risks associated with the work of the Charity on a regular basis. A risk register has been drawn up which is regularly reviewed by both the Board and its appointed Audit and Finance Committee. The risks fall into these main headings: reputational, staff issues, non-delivery and failure of programmes, failure to comply with legal and governmental obligations, financial issues, failures of partner organisations and IT matters.
As explained earlier in this report, and given the potential impact of the pandemic on the SMP, in 2020/21 the SMP also had an additional Covid-specific risk register.
For each risk, policies and practices have been identified in the risk registers which will mitigate the risk. Risks are dealt with by ensuring that Trustees and staff are aware of the policies and operate within the framework set out by the register.
Some risks are outwith the control of the Trustees. These include items such as potential loss of funding due to changes resultant on withdrawal of the UK from the European Union or of Scotland from the UK, or resulting from Covid-19.
The Malawi Scotland Partnership (MaSP) is the SMP's sister organisation and is a separate legal entity. It is entirely Malawi-led, with its own constitution, Board and secretariat. Until 31 st March 2020, the SMP received grant funding from the Scottish Government for the development of MaSP. 2020/21 was the first year in which MaSP was able to receive core funding directly from the Scottish Government, reporting back directly to government. This new grant setup is more closely aligned to our principles and will offer greater MaSP ownership and autonomy. It will also ensure the SMP is not liable for risks it does
not have direct control over. There is, of course residual reputational risk for the SMP in the delivery of MaSP's work, just as there is indirect reputational risk for the SMP in its members' work.
As a consequence of this, the grants from Scottish Government to MaSP are no longer reflected in SMP's income and expenditure.
Reserves policy
The charity has considered the reserves required and has taken into account the current and future liabilities. The Trustees aim to maintain free reserves in unrestricted funds at a level which equates to approximately three months of unrestricted charitable expenditure. The amount maintained includes expenditure which would be incurred in Malawi.
From time to time, part of this expenditure will be funded from restricted grants. No adjustment has been made to the level of reserves required to reflect this.
The requirement to wind up the charity is most likely to occur if the grant from the Scottish Government is not renewed at the end of a 3-year period; the requirement might also come into play should the intimation of renewal of the grant be delayed beyond 31 December 2022 in the final year of the 3-year period.
The Audit and Finance Committee is presently reviewing the level of funding which would be required as there are several models which would meet the requirements; these mainly depend on whether all the staff are retained or whether a reduced level might be retained.
The level which the AFC is currently recommending to the Board is £85,000. However, this is under regular review and subject to change.
In the event that the Scottish Government grant ended early, the Trustees and staff would use the 3-month period to source alternative funds. This might entail the Charity operating at a different level thereafter.
The amount held at the year-end in unrestricted, undesignated reserves is £95,553.
Structure, governance and management
Governing document
The Scotland Malawi Partnership is a company limited by guarantee registered in Scotland, number SC294378; and registered as a Scottish charity, number SC037048. It is governed by its Memorandum and Articles of Association.
Recruitment and Appointment of Trustees
New Trustees are appointed at the October Annual General Meeting. All Trustees take policy decisions at regular Trustees' meetings. Within that framework, day-to-day operations are carried out by the staff under the direction of the CEO.
Trustee Induction and Training
When new Trustees are appointed they are provided with a handbook. Where appropriate, ongoing training is provided on relevant topics. Financial training was recently provided to all the Trustees.
Related parties
None of the Trustees have any interest in any contract or dealing with the Charity. From time to time, trustees may purchase services from the Charity, either on a personal basis, or through a charity or organisation with which they are associated. The effects of these are minimal and would be on normal commercial terms.
Organisational structure
The Charity is under the control of the Trustees who meet six times a year; there is also an Audit and Finance Committee, a Human Resources Committee and a Policy and Strategy Committee which meet regularly. Through 2020/21 all Board and staff meetings, and the AGM, have taken place digitally, on Zoom. The Charity is under the day to day control of the Chief Executive, David Hope-Jones OBE, who reports to the Board.
Reference and administrative information
Charity Name:
The Scotland Malawi Partnership
Registered office:
Room 3/1, City Chambers, High Street, Edinburgh, EH1 1YJ
Operational address:
Room 3/1, City Chambers, High Street, Edinburgh, EH1 1YJ
Charity registration number:
Charity number: SC037048
Directors
Directors serve on a three-year rotation and can stand for re-election at the expiry of the three year period
Heather Cubie (Chair)
Claire Martin (Co-Vice Chair)
Douglas Young (Co-Vice Chair)
Fiona Anderson
Charlotte Bevan
John Briggs (Elected to Board 3 rd October 2020)
Susan Dalgety (Elected to Board 3 rd October 2020)
Chimwemwe Dorey
Moira Dunworth
Andrew Goudie
Blessings Kachale (Elected to Board 3 rd October 2020)
Gillian McMahon
Tione Mtalimanja
(Re-elected to Board 3 rd October 2020)
Rachel Philips
Denis Robson
Gift Thompson (Elected to Board 3 rd October 2020)
[Jeremaya Phiri (Co-Vice Chair)
(Stood down from board 3 th October 2020)]
[Isabel Bruce
(Stood down from Board 3 rd October 2020)]
[Nicholas Gubbins (Stood down from board 3 th October 2020)]
[Kenneth Ross
(Stood down from Board on 3 rd October 2020)]
Scotland Malawi Partnership, Reports and financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2021
Report of the Trustees for the year ended 31 March 2021 (continued)
Co-Presidents
Frank Ross, Lord Provost of the City of Edinburgh (ex officio) Philip Braat, Lord Provost of the City of Glasgow (ex officio)
Co-Patrons
Her Royal Highness Princess Anne, The Princess Royal
His Excellency Dr Lazarus Chakwera, President of Malawi(ex officio) (With effect from June 2020
[His Excellency Prof. Peter Mutharika, President of Malawi (ex officio) (Prior to June 2020)]
Company Secretary and Chief Executive
David Hope-Jones OBE
Independent Examiner
The Trustees have appointed Wylie & Bisset LLP to act as Independent Examiners for the year ended 31 March 2021.
Wylie & Bisset LLP Chartered Accountants 168 Bath Street G2 4TP
Bankers
Bank of Scotland, 167-201 Argyle Street, Glasgow G2 8BU
)
Trustees' responsibilities in relation to the financial statements
The trustees are responsible for preparing the Trustees' Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).
Company law requires the trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charitable company and of the incoming resources and application of resources, including the income and expenditure, of the charitable company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the trustees are required to:
* select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
* observe the methods and principles in the Charities SORP;
* make judgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
* state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and
* prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the charitable company will continue in business.
The trustees are responsible for keeping proper accounting records that disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the charitable company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006, the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005 and the Charities Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2006 (as amended). They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charitable company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
The trustees are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the charitable company's website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.
This report has been prepared in accordance with the Statement of Recommended Practice: applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard Applicable in the UK and republic of Ireland (FRS 102) and in accordance with the special provisions of Part 15 of the Companies Act 2006 relating to small companies.
Approved by the trustees and signed on their behalf by
Professor Lady Heather Cubie MBE (elected Chair June 2019) Chair of the Board
Date: 9 th October 2021
Scotland Malawi Partnership, Reports and financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2021
Report of the Trustees for the year ended 31 March 2021 (continued)
Independent Examiners' report to the Members of the Scotland Malawi Partnership
I report on the accounts of the charity for the year ended 31 March 2021, which are set out on pages 19 to 31.
Respective responsibilities of trustees and examiner
The charity's trustees (who are also the directors of the company for the purposes of company law) are responsible for the preparation of the accounts in accordance with the terms of the Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005 and the Charities Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2006 (as amended).
The charity trustees consider that the audit requirement of Regulation 10(1) (a) to (c) only of the 2006 Accounts Regulations does not apply. It is my responsibility to examine the accounts as required under section 44(1) (c) of the Act and to state whether particular matters have come to my attention.
Basis of independent examiner's statement
My examination is carried out in accordance with Regulation 11 of the Charities Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2006. An examination includes a review of the accounting records kept by the charity and a comparison of the accounts presented with those records. It also includes consideration of any unusual items or disclosures in the accounts, and seeks explanations from the Trustees concerning any such matters. The procedures undertaken do not provide all the evidence that would be required in an audit, and consequently I do not express an audit opinion on the view given by the accounts.
Independent examiner's statement
In the course of my examination, no matter has come to my attention
1. which gives me reasonable cause to believe that in any material respect the requirements:
* to keep accounting records in accordance with Section 44(1) (a) of the 2005 Act and Regulation 4 of the 2006 Accounts Regulations, and
* to prepare accounts which accord with the accounting records and comply with Regulation 8 of the 2006 Accounts Regulations
have not been met, or
2. to which, in my opinion, attention should be drawn in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached.
Andrew Cowling CA FCCA BEng (Hons)
Wylie & Bisset LLP
Chartered Accountants
168 Bath Street
Glasgow
G2 4TP
Date: 9th October 2021
The Scotland Malawi Partnership
Statement of financial activities, incorporating Income and Expenditure Account
For the year ended 31 March 2021
The Scotland Malawi Partnership
Balance Sheet
As at 31 March 2021
The notes on pages 19 to 31 form part of these accounts.
The charitable company is entitled to exemption from audit under Section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 for the year ended 31 March 2021.
The members have not required the company to obtain an audit of its financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2021 in accordance with Section 476 of the Companies Act 2006.
The trustees acknowledge their responsibilities for
(a) ensuring that the charitable company keeps accounting records that comply with Sections 386 and 387 of the Companies Act 2006 and
The Scotland Malawi Partnership Balance Sheet (Continued) As at 31 March 2021
(b) preparing financial statements which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charitable company as at the end of each financial year and of its surplus or deficit for each financial year in accordance with the requirements of Sections 394 and 395 and which otherwise comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 relating to financial statements, so far as applicable to the charitable company.
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to charitable companies subject to the small companies regime.
The financial statements were approved by the Board of Trustees on 9 th October 2021 and were signed on its behalf by:
Professor Lady Heather Cubie (elected Chair June 2019) Chairman of the Board
Charity number: SC037048
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the special provisions of part 15 of The Companies Act 2006 relating to small charitable companies.
Notes to the financial statements
1. Accounting policies
(a) Basis of preparation and assessment of going concern
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention with items recognised at cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant notes to these financial statements. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Statement of Recommended Practice: Accounting and Reporting by Charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) effective January 2015 and the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102), the Charities and Trustees Investment (Scotland) Act 2005 and the Charities Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2016 (as amended).
The Charity constitutes a public benefit entity as defined by FRS 102.
The financial statements are presented in Sterling (£)
The Trustees consider that there are no material uncertainties about the Charity's ability to continue as a going concern.
(b) Funds structure
Unrestricted income funds comprise funds which the Trustees are free to use for any purpose in furtherance of the charitable objects. Unrestricted funds include designated funds where the Trustees, at their discretion, have created a fund for a specific purpose.
Restricted funds are funds which are to be used in accordance with specific restrictions imposed by the donor or trust deed. The main restricted funds are created by grants separately from the Scottish Government and other donors disclosed in note 12.
Further details of each restricted fund are disclosed in note 12.
(c) Income recognition
All income is recognised once the Charity has entitlement to the income, it is probable that the income will be received and the amount of the income receivable can be measured reliably.
Donations are recognised when the Charity has been notified in writing of both the amount and settlement date. In the case of smaller donations, these are recognised when they are received. In the event that a donation is subject to conditions that require a level of performance before the Charity is entitled to the funds, the income is deferred and not recognised until either these conditions are fully met, or the fulfilment of those conditions is wholly within the control of the Charity and it is probable that those conditions will be fulfilled in the reporting period.
Interest on funds held on deposit is included when receivable by the Charity; this is normally upon notification of the interest paid or payable by the bank.
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
(d) Expenditure recognition
Liabilities are recognised as expenditure as soon as there is a legal or constructive obligation committing the Charity to that expenditure, it is probable that settlement will be required and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably.
All expenditure is accounted for on an accruals basis. All expenses including support costs and governance costs are allocated to the applicable expenditure headings. For more information on this attribution, refer to note (f) below.
(e) Irrecoverable VAT
Irrecoverable VAT is charged against the expenditure heading for which it was included.
(f) Allocation of support and governance costs
Support costs have been allocated between governance costs and other support costs. Governance costs comprise all costs involving the public accountability of the Charity and its compliance with regulation and good practice. These costs include costs related to independent examination and legal fees together with an apportionment of overhead and support costs.
Governance costs and support costs relating to charitable activities have been apportioned based on the time spent on those activities by the Chief Executive and Trustees. The allocation of support and governance costs is analysed in note 5.
(g) Charitable activities
Costs of charitable activities includes amounts transferred to Malawi Scotland Partnership, other direct costs, an allocation of support costs and governance costs.
(h) Tangible fixed assets and depreciation
All assets intended to last for more than a year and which cost over £400 are capitalised and carried in the financial statements at historical cost. Depreciation is charged to write off the assets on a straight line basis over their useful lives, which is considered to be 3 years.
(i) Pensions
The charity operates a defined contribution "money purchase" scheme for its UK-based employees. The charity contribution is restricted to the contributions disclosed in note 7. The costs of the scheme are included within support costs and charged according to the methodology set out in note (f) above.
The money purchase plan is managed by The Pensions Trust and the plan invests the contributions made by the employees and the Charity in an investment fund to build up over the term of the plan. The pension fund is then converted into a pension upon the employee's normal retirement age which is defined as when they are eligible for a state pension. The Charity has no liability beyond making its contribution and paying across the deductions for the employee's contributions.
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
2. Related party transactions and trustees' expenses and remuneration
Except as stated, no Trustee had any beneficial interest in any contract of the charity. Chimwemwe Dorey is co-producing a podcast for Scotland Malawi partnership. She was paid £1,400 (2020: £nil) during the year for this work.
Travelling and subsistence expenses of £nil were repaid to Trustees during the year (2020: £169 was repaid to 2 Trustees) .
3. Income from grants and donations
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
5. Allocation of governance and support costs
The breakdown of support costs and how these were allocated between governance and other support costs is shown in the table below:
Allocation on staff time is based on an analysis of the time spent by the Chief Executive. Direct is where certain expenses are paid direct from a specific fund.
The total support cost attributable to charitable expenditure is then apportioned to the various categories of charitable expenditure. As most of the support costs are funded from the Scottish Government core grant, they are allocated mainly to that grant, as follows:
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
6. Analysis of charitable expenditure
In 2021, the expenditure on charitable activities was £302,188 (2020: £500,323), of which £18,231 (2020: £20,829) was from unrestricted funds and £283,957 (2020: £479,474) was from restricted funds. The reduction in expenditure on restricted funds is attributed to Malawi Scotland Partnership being funded direct this year by Scottish Government and therefore not passing through Scotland Malawi Partnership.
7. Analysis of staff costs and remuneration of key management personnel
The average number of full-time equivalent employees during the year was 6 (2020: 6) with all employee time involved in providing either support to the governance of the charity or support services to charitable activities.
Notes to the financial statement (continued)
The charity considers its key management personnel to comprise the Trustees and the Chief Executive. The total employment benefits including employer pension contributions of the key management personnel were £50,448 (2020: £46,978). No employee had employee benefits in excess of £60,000 (2020: none).
8. Remuneration of the independent examiner
The independent examiner's remuneration constituted an examination fee of £1,656 (2020 £1585).
9. Tangible fixed assets
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
10. Analysis of current assets
All prepayments and receivables in 2021 refer to unrestricted funds (2020: unrestricted).
Cash at bank and on hand were as follows: unrestricted funds £113,957 (2020: £106,361) and restricted funds £9,325 (2020: £28,653).
11. Analysis of current liabilities and long-term creditors
Creditors falling due after one year
0
0
All creditors in 2021 refer to unrestricted funds (2020: unrestricted).
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
12. Analysis of charitable funds
Designated funds: an amount equivalent to the carrying value of the fixed assets has been designated, as this sum is not immediately available for use by the charity.
£2,000 has been designated to support a book launch and related podcasts in 2021 in Malawi.
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
Unrestricted income funds comprise funds which the Trustees are free to use for any purpose in furtherance of the charitable objects. Unrestricted funds include designated funds where the Trustees, at their discretion, have created a fund for a specific purpose.
Restricted funds are funds which are to be used in accordance with specific restrictions imposed by the donor or trust deed. The main restricted funds are created by grants separately from the Scottish Government and other donors disclosed in note 12.
The Scottish Government core grant represents funds received from the Scottish Government for the running of the charity. These are eligible to be disbursed for the purposes set out by the Scottish Government in the agreements signed with them from time to time.
The Scottish Government MaSP grant represents funds from the Scottish Government restricted to specific costs of the Malawi Scottish Partnership. Malawi Scotland Partnership is now funded directly by the Scottish Government; this fund is now closed.
David Livingstone Trust have provided funds to the Scotland Malawi Partnership to make videos of the links with Malawi. This project is ongoing and is expected to finish during the year to 31 March 2022 (subject to lifting of travel restrictions).
During the year, an Oxygen Appeal was set up to assist Malawi during the global pandemic. In excess of £40,000 was raised in one month. This has largely been spent on providing oxygen generators to Malawi; and funding a local organisation to repair oxygen generators in Malawi, amongst others. This fund is expected to be finalised in the year ending 31 March 2022.
Transfers: The Scottish Government core grant to 31 March 2020 was reconciled and the resultant balance transferred to unrestricted funds. The differences arise from differences in accounting treatment of certain items (principally fixed assets, depreciation and the treatment of accrued expenditure) between the reports to Scottish Government and annual accounts. These two sets of reports are prepared for different purposes and using different accounting rules. The transfer includes £4,222 to establish the designated fund for fixed assets.
A small amount of expenditure has been allocated to the David Livingstone Trust project. The transfer represents salaries and other costs utilised in carrying out the project but not separately recorded.
Two amounts have been transferred to designated funds in order to establish these, as set out in the previous page under "designated funds".
13. Pension commitments
The company pays into the personal pension plans of certain staff members. The assets of the schemes are held separately from those of the company in independently administered funds. Contributions paid during the year amounted to £11,075 (2020: £8,825). At the balance sheet date unpaid contributions of £0 (2020: £15,525) were due.
14. Legal status of the charity
The charity is a registered Scottish charity.
The charity is a company limited by guarantee and has no share capital. The liability of each member in the event of winding up is limited to £1.
15. Government Grants
The charity received government grants totalling £237,939 (2020: £432,786) towards funding of core activities.
16. Post Balance Sheet Event
Following the year end the charitable company has converted to a SCIO (SC050781) with all assets and liabilities transferring at 1 April 2021.
Scotland Malawi Partnership, Reports and financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2021
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<urn:uuid:892841ba-2436-481f-a9a6-12b4e49ac3b0>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train
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finepdfs
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eng_Latn
| 64,337
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Ledbox monofacciale, spessore 45 mm
Profilo monofacciale per Lightbox in alluminio anodizzato argento. Spessore 45 mm. La grafica viene fissata sul fronte attraverso un gommino in silicone che garantisce una rapida installazione del tessuto alla cornice.
Ideale per realizzare pannelli retroilluminati monofacciali da interno. A una stessa struttura si possono applicare grafiche diverse: le operazioni di sostituzione del telo sono semplici e veloci.
Caratteristiche tecniche
- applicazione interno
- illuminazione monofacciale
- Finitura All. Anodizzato
Disegno Tecnico
Per poter effettuare l'ordine della cornice è necessario indicare le misure esterne
Le immagini del prodotto sono di riferimento
Tutte le indicazioni riportate non sono vincolanti e possono essere soggette a modifiche, anche senza preavviso.
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<urn:uuid:e675e45a-e9be-4d7a-b9b5-feafdd5b5089>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ita_Latn/train
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finepdfs
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PUK Benelux B.V.
Meerheide 212, 5521 DW Eersel | Netherlands
Telefoon: +31 497 799 700 | Fax: +31 497 799 735 | email@example.com | pukbenelux.com
UEKD1-1 V E
RVS klapdeksel unit met enkele uitgang, 1-voudig, hoekig
Vierhoekige enkele uitvoer van roestvast plaatstaal met stootrand voor aansluiten van een 45 x 45 mm installatie-unit. Als nivelleerbaar cassette-inbouwraam met kabeluitvoercassette, zelfsluitende openingshendel, kabeluitvoer op vloerniveau, aansluitbehuizing en rubberafdichting. Voor directe inbouw in dekvloeren of holle vloeren. Geschikt voor ruimten met droog en vochtig behandelde vloerbekledingen. Ontwikkeld voor kantoorbelasting.
Graag de technische richtlijnen uit het hoofdstuk "Voorbereiding" opvolgen.
Roestvrij staal, volgens ASTM 304 / BS 304 S 3
Product
H
min
N B
L
E
T P
max
IP
n
IP
g
G
UEKD1-1 15-V E 100 mm 20 mm 115 mm 115 mm
115 x 115
mm
12 mm 2 kN IP 30 IP 20 1,7 kg
inclusief:
1x UGD1-1-V 2
rubberen dichting, vierkant
Hmin
: min. inbouwhoogte
N: nivelleerbereik
B: breedte
L: lengte
E: inbouwmaat
T: diepte
Pagina 1
PRODUCTINFORMATIE
Pmax
: max. belasting
IP
n
: IP-beschermingsklasse in niet-gebruikte toestand
IPg
: IP-beschermingsklasse in gebruikte toestand
G: gewicht
DETAILS / TOEPASSINGEN
OPTIONELE TOEBEHOREN
UST45 1, UDAE22
droog te reinigen vloer
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Pagina 2
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La peur de l’Autre
Surmonter l’anxiété sociale
Laurie HAWKES
Collection Comprendre & Agir
Apprendre l’art d’être à l’aise avec les autres
Certaines personnes sont parmi leurs semblables comme des poissons dans l’eau. Elles évoluent dans les groupes avec aisance et, en cas de difficulté, considèrent l’autre comme la ressource la plus évidente : pour se confier, chercher conseil, demander son chemin, etc. D’autres au contraire ressentent, dans les mêmes situations, une réticence, une peur, voire une angoisse paralysante qui les pousse à éviter le contact avec autrui – c’est l’anxiété sociale. On les décrit comme timides, schizoïdes, évitants, hypersensibles, introvertis ou inhibés…
L’anxiété sociale revêt en effet des visages divers et si tout le monde n’est pas égal face à la peur des autres, nul n’en est totalement exempt… Au fil de nombreux exemples, l’auteur décrit les multiples manifestations de l’anxiété sociale et nous en explique la logique, entre tempérament personnel et expériences de vie. En identifiant les origines de ses craintes (peur d’être jugé, de blesser autrui, peur de l’intimité…) et les mécanismes de ses propres inhibitions, chacun peut alors progresser dans ses relations interpersonnelles et refuser la tyrannie de la peur.
Laurie Hawkes, est psychologue clinicienne et psychothérapeute. Elle est co-fondatrice de l’EAT-Psychothérapie-Paris-Ile de France (école d’analyse transactionnelle) au sein de laquelle elle enseigne. Elle pratique une psychothérapie relationnelle basée sur l’analyse transactionnelle et la gestalt.
La peur de l’Autre
Surmonter l’anxiété sociale
Avec la collaboration d’Anaïs Petit
Le Code de la propriété intellectuelle du 1er juillet 1992 interdit en effet expressément la photocopie à usage collectif sans autorisation des ayants droit. Or, cette pratique s’est généralisée notamment dans l’enseignement, provoquant une baisse brutale des achats de livres, au point que la possibilité même pour les auteurs de créer des œuvres nouvelles et de les faire éditer correctement est aujourd’hui menacée. En application de la loi du 11 mars 1957, il est interdit de reproduire intégralement ou partiellement le présent ouvrage, sur quelque support que ce soit, sans autorisation de l’Éditeur ou du Centre Français d’Exploitation du Droit de copie, 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris.
© Groupe Eyrolles, 2011
ISBN : 978-2-212-54833-4
La peur de l’Autre
Surmonter l’anxiété sociale
Également dans la collection « Comprendre et agir » :
Juliette Allais, *Décrypter ses rêves*
Juliette Allais, *La psychogénéalogie*
Juliette Allais, *Au cœur des secrets de famille*
Dr Martin M. Antony, Dr Richard P. Swinson, *Timide ? Ne laissez plus la peur des autres vous gâcher la vie*
Valérie Bergère, *Moi ? Susceptible ? Jamais !*
Jean-Charles Bouchoux, *Les pervers narcissiques*
Sophie Cadalen, *Inventer son couple*
Christophe Carré, *La manipulation au quotidien*
Marie-Joseph Chalvin, *L'estime de soi*
Cécile Chavel, *Les secrets de la joie*
Michèle Declerck, *Le malade malgré lui*
Ann Demarais, Valerie White, *C’est la première impression qui compte*
Sandrine Dury, *Filles de nos mères, mères de nos filles…*
Jacques Hillion, Ifan Elix, *Passer à l’action*
Lorne Ladner, *Le bonheur passe par les autres*
Lubomir Lamy, *L’amour ne doit rien au hasard*
Lubomir Lamy, *Pourquoi les hommes ne comprennent rien aux femmes…*
Virginie Megglé, *Couper le cordon*
Virginie Megglé, *Face à l’anorexie*
Virginie Megglé, *Entre mère et fils*
Bénédicte Nadaud, Karine Zagaroli, *Surmonter ses complexes*
Ron et Pat Potter-Efron, *Que dit votre colère ?*
Patrick Ange Raoult, *Guérir de ses blessures adolescentes*
Daniel Ravon, *Apprivoiser ses émotions*
Alain Samson, *La chance tu provoqueras*
Alain Samson, *Développer sa résilience*
Saverio Tomasella, *Le sentiment d’abandon*
Dans la série « Les chemins de l’inconscient », dirigée par Saverio Tomasella :
Christine Hardy, Laurence Schifrine, Saverio Tomasella, *Habiter son corps*
Martine Mingant, *Vivre pleinement l’instant*
Gilles Pho, Saverio Tomasella, *Vivre en relation*
Catherine Podguszer, Saverio Tomasella, *Personne n’est parfait !*
Saverio Tomasella, *Oser s’aimer*
# Table des matières
Préambule ........................................................................................................ 1
## Partie I
**Peur de qui ? Peur de quoi ?**
Chapitre 1 – Êtes-vous concerné ? ................................................................. 7
Chapitre 2 – Portraits d’anxieux ................................................................. 17
Petits et grands anxieux ........................................................................... 17
Anxieux « émotifs » : des sentiments exacerbés .................................... 23
Anxieux « froids » : des émotions verrouillées ...................................... 24
Aller vers l’Autre, un combat... à armes inégales .................................. 25
Chapitre 3 – Peur du jugement, de l’agression ou de l’intimité ............... 29
Craindre le regard de l’Autre ................................................................. 30
Fuir un danger potentiel ........................................................................ 35
Barricader son espace intime ............................................................... 37
Chapitre 4 – Les dommages collatéraux : dans le sillage de la peur, des dégâts quotidiens ........................................... 41
Le cercle vicieux de la dépendance .................................................. 42
Peur de l’échec vs désir de progression ............................................. 53
La procrastination, ou l’art de prendre du retard ................................ 55
Quand le cœur n’y est plus ................................................................. 56
Le fardeau de la dépression ............................................................... 57
Chapitre 5 – Petite théorie de l’anxiété sociale ................................. 61
Les états du moi ............................................................................... 62
Le sentiment parasite de peur ............................................................ 64
Le poids des méconnaissances ........................................................... 66
Le réflexe du schéma relationnel ......................................................... 69
S’enfermer dans les peurs de notre scénario de vie .............................. 70
PARTIE II
L’anxiété, d’où vient-elle ?
Chapitre 6 – Le tempérament : nous n’avons pas tous la même nature ................................................................. 77
L’anxiété chez l’enfant ..................................................................... 80
Et plus tard ? L’anxiété chez l’adulte ................................................ 84
Les hypothèses biologiques ................................................................. 94
Chapitre 7 – Les expériences vécues : nous n’avons pas tous la même histoire ......................................................... 97
Au commencement de la vie ............................................................... 97
Se construire : l’enfance et l’adolescence .......................................... 111
Expériences destructrices à l’âge adulte ............................................. 132
| Chapitre 8 – Aggraver son cas : les habitudes qui entretiennent l’anxiété | 141 |
| --- | --- |
| Se projeter un scénario catastrophe | 142 |
| Les « chevaux du cœur » qui s’emballent – ou se cachent | 143 |
| Placer la barre (beaucoup) trop haut ! | 146 |
| Être son plus impitoyable juge | 147 |
| Subir la pression d’une société narcissique | 148 |
| Chapitre 9 – Résumons-nous | 151 |
| --- | --- |
| Les interactions entre le tempérament et les événements de vie | 151 |
| La construction d’un scénario de vie | 154 |
**Partie III**
**Quelles solutions ?**
| Chapitre 10 – Tenir compte de son tempérament | 167 |
| --- | --- |
| S’accepter, avec ses fragilités | 168 |
| Se soigner en se fixant des objectifs | 170 |
| L’apport de la psychothérapie | 175 |
| Chapitre 11 – Changer l’impact des expériences passées | 179 |
| --- | --- |
| Prendre conscience de sa peur, mettre fin au déni | 180 |
| Se soigner en repensant le sens de son histoire | 182 |
| L’apport de la psychothérapie | 183 |
| Chapitre 12 – Changer au présent | 187 |
| --- | --- |
| Prendre de bonnes habitudes : changer d’attitude | 188 |
| Pour aller plus loin | 194 |
| L’apport de la psychothérapie | 204 |
Chapitre 13 – Les solutions de l’analyse transactionnelle ........................................... 207
Les états du moi contre l’anxiété .................................................................................. 207
L’exemple de Rachel ....................................................................................................... 216
Chapitre 14 – 6 conseils pour aider votre enfant anxieux ............................................. 219
1 – Rester à son écoute ................................................................................................. 220
2 – Garder un bon « fit » .............................................................................................. 222
3 – Se libérer de l’histoire familiale ............................................................................ 223
4 – Asseoir la figure paternelle .................................................................................... 225
5 – Accepter que votre enfant souffre ....................................................................... 226
6 – Encourager ses talents ........................................................................................... 227
Et pour conclure ............................................................................................................. 229
Annexes ............................................................................................................................ 233
Bibliographie .................................................................................................................... 249
La peur... un ressenti fort désagréable que la plupart d’entre nous détestons et aimerions pouvoir éviter. Certes, ceux qui n’en sont pas habituellement la proie, la recherchent parfois – en allant voir des films d’horreur, par exemple, ou en sautant en parachute. Pour eux, la montée d’adrénaline, le cœur qui s’accélère, l’excitation qui se mêle à la terreur sont des plaisirs.
Mais beaucoup d’entre nous avons peur bien plus souvent que nous ne le voudrions. Et plus fort, aussi. Comment nous débarrasser des angoisses qui nous paralysent, nous empêchent d’oser, de nous lancer ?... Nous aimerions quitter notre personnage de « timide » pour devenir un de ces baroudeurs sans peur, bravant avec une facilité déconcertante des obstacles pour nous infranchissables : gravir l’Everest ou prendre la parole en public, dire un désaccord ou courtiser quelqu’un...
Ce livre ne traite pas de toutes les peurs (de gravir l’Everest, d’être malade, d’avoir le vertige, des araignées, de l’avion...), mais d’une peur paradoxale : la peur des autres. Paradoxale, car dans l’enfance c’est en principe la solitude qui effraie, et la présence des autres qui
rassure. En cas de difficulté, l’enfant court chercher du réconfort auprès de ses parents. Pour certains d’entre nous, cependant, l’Autre représente un danger – est en tout cas perçu comme tel. Il devient alors difficile de communiquer de façon naturelle, spontanée et joyeuse.
Cet ouvrage vise à aider les personnes dans cette situation, à comprendre d’abord de quoi est fait leur mal-être pour ensuite explorer des pistes de libération.
Partie I
Peur de qui ?
Peur de quoi ?
Certaines personnes n’ont absolument pas peur des autres. Lorsqu’elles rencontrent des inconnus, par exemple en arrivant à une fête, elles se mêlent au groupe avec aisance. Elles se sentent parmi leurs semblables comme des poissons dans l’eau. Non seulement elles vont vers autrui avec un véritable plaisir, mais en cas de problème, c’est également l’Autre qui leur semble la ressource la plus évidente : se confier, chercher conseil, demander son chemin, quoi de plus naturel ? Elles sont ouvertes et spontanées, n’éprouvent pas de difficultés à se sociabiliser.
Malheureusement, tout le monde n’est pas ainsi (vous êtes bien placé pour le savoir). Qui plus est, cette forme de sociabilité ne constitue pas obligatoirement la norme. Les codes culturels des interactions humaines varient en effet selon les cultures. En Occident, certes, le caractère extraverti est généralement mieux considéré, mais ce n’est pas le cas partout dans le monde.
À propos de « normalité », nous distinguerons différentes formes d’évitement d’autrui. Certaines sont, en effet, « anormales », dans le sens où elles ne font pas partie de notre chemin de développement inné, où elles nous en écartent. Dans d’autres cas, notre peur des autres est au contraire le résultat de notre fonctionnement naturel. Il s’agit alors d’une tendance liée au tempérament inné, spécifique à chacun. Cette tendance doit être comprise et respectée, mais chaque individu peut malgré tout développer des réflexes comportementaux qui, en apprivoisant son tempérament, l’aideront à trouver et à assumer sa place dans un groupe social.
Une pléiade de termes décrit les problématiques nous éloignant des autres : timidité, phobie sociale, hypersensibilité, introversion,
inhibition, personnalité évitante, schizoïde... Et enfin, comme le mentionne le titre de cet ouvrage : « l’anxiété sociale », terme que nous avons préféré à « phobie » car nous nous intéresserons à un large éventail de phénomènes et non uniquement à une phobie qui paralyse et empêche d’affronter certaines situations.
Nombre d’auteurs le soulignent, se sentir intimidé arrive à tout le monde. Selon une recherche américaine récente¹, 40 à 50 % des étudiants s’estimerait timides. Le problème est ainsi banal, mais également changeant dans son expression. Depuis la personne qui aimerait simplement être plus à l’aise pour courtiser quelqu’un jusqu’à la réclusion presque totale, les observateurs ont identifié des manifestations et des degrés variables d’anxiété sociale.
Mais pour être assez répandu et plutôt commun, le problème n’en est pas moins potentiellement grave : sans le plaisir des relations, on risque de perdre goût à la vie et de déprimer sérieusement. Aussi avez-vous bien raison de décider d’y faire quelque chose !
¹ Carducci, B.J. et Zimbardo, P. G., (1997) « Are you shy ? » in M.H. Davis (sous la direction de), Annual editions : Social psychology (p. 35-41), Dushkin/Brown& Benchmark, 1997/98.
Nous parlons ici de la peur de l’Autre. Celle qui nous pousse à fuir les contacts humains au lieu de les rechercher, parce que nous nous en sentons incapables. Les mains moites, le cœur battant, la peur au ventre : la panique nous envahit, impossible à maîtriser, nous privant de tout esprit de réjouissance ou capacité à communiquer (une idée, une émotion...). Parfois, la peur s’insinue et se déploie en un état anxieux moins massif mais persistant, une peur désagréable qui gâche le plaisir de la rencontre, la transforme en épreuve. Le trac, manifestation tellement courante que de nombreux comédiens la jugent normale, peut prendre des proportions suffisamment fortes pour dissuader de toute prestation publique.
Pourquoi l’Autre, au lieu de représenter la sécurité, devient-il synonyme de risque ? Nous craignons qu’il nous critique, nous regarde de haut, nous envahisse, nous agresse, nous trouve ridicules – par dessus tout, nous redoutons d’être ridicules, maladroits, ineptes…
Au fond, c’est bien souvent l’idée de perdre la face qui nous paralyse ainsi.
Dans le meilleur des cas, nous choisissons la solitude et nous nous y trouvons assez bien. Mais la plupart du temps, cet isolement est subi, nous préférerions parvenir à nous mêler aux groupes comme, nous semble-t-il, « tout le monde » le fait (bien plus de gens qu’il n’y paraît sont en réalité confrontés à ces difficultés).
Noémie, ou s’occuper des autres pour éviter de vivre
Noémie est une jeune femme intelligente, qui a réussi de brillantes études. Mais à vingt-cinq ans, elle vit encore chez ses parents et peine à trouver un emploi à son niveau. Son diplôme lui donne accès à des postes à responsabilités, mais Noémie a horreur de s’affirmer et se sent incapable de diriger même une seule personne. Elle n’est pas pour autant quelqu’un de faible : dans la famille, on la considère comme un pilier, elle fait marcher la maison depuis l’âge de douze ans (responsable des courses et des repas, elle écoute et conseille sa mère et sa sœur, prend les rendez-vous médicaux des uns et des autres). Mais le monde extérieur lui paraît *a priori* problématique. Elle ne craint pas une attaque ou une quelconque violence physique ; elle, si pleine de tact, redoute bien davantage de commettre un impair et de blesser quelqu’un. Ses propres compétences sociales lui semblent à ce point dérisoires qu’elle préfère souvent éviter les sorties plutôt que de risquer un faux pas. Cela donne un petit côté Cendrillon à sa vie : au lieu de sortir s’amuser avec ses amies, Noémie passe ses samedis soir à briquer le logis familial.
La « privation de jouissance » est une des conséquences typiques de l’anxiété sociale. Contrairement à d’autres problèmes psychologiques,
l’anxieux ne nuit pas à autrui, c’est essentiellement lui qui subit les effets néfastes de ses peurs et en souffre, plus ou moins fortement.
On parle parfois de timidité, pour décrire cet état où l’on tend à se cacher des autres. Le Grand dictionnaire Hachette définit la timidité en ces termes : « manque d’assurance, de hardiesse ». Noémie pourrait être qualifiée de « timide », mais elle ne l’est pas systématiquement (au service des autres elle est capable de fortement s’affirmer), et sa peur de blesser autrui va bien au-delà de la seule timidité.
**AUTO-ÉVALUATION**
Vous avez le sentiment que vos rapports avec les autres sont difficiles et stressants ? Vous vous demandez si vous souffrez d’anxiété sociale ? Prenez le temps de répondre aux questions qui suivent, basées sur l’exemple d’une relation amoureuse, pour déterminer quel est le degré de votre peur des autres.
1. Vous êtes invité à une fête chez des amis, que vous n’avez pas vus depuis longtemps. Les échanges de courriels vous montrent au fil des jours que vous n’allez connaître personne à part vos hôtes, car tous vos amis communs ont un empêchement. Avez-vous plutôt :
a. Envie et peur ; vous irez quand même, l’estomac noué probablement .......................................................... ☐
b. Envie mais trop peur ; vous allez trouver une excuse et vous abstenir .......................................................... ☐
c. Envie, et pas peur : ce sera sympathique de connaître de nouvelles personnes ........................................... ☐
d. Plus du tout envie d’y aller .................................................. ☐
2. Vous arrivez en retard au dîner, tous les convives sont installés à table, la maîtresse de maison vous accueille avec de grandes exclamations et vous
accompagne à votre place. Tout le monde vous regarde vous installer. Vous-êtes :
a. Gêné, vous murmurez quelques mots d’excuse et n’ouvrez plus la bouche pendant tout le reste du repas .......................................................... □
b. Mortifié, vous voudriez que la terre s’ouvre sous vos pieds .............. □
c. Content qu’on vous accueille comme un hôte de marque et vous faites une blague sur les retardataires qui se font remarquer et monopolisent l’attention .......................................................... □
d. Gêné, mais vous souriez gracieusement, et après un petit temps vous prenez part aux conversations .......................................................... □
3. Au cours de la soirée, vous remarquez quelqu’un qui vous plaît, vous avez envie de lui parler. Ah, justement, il/elle vient vers vous. Votre réaction :
a. Ravi, l’émotion vous brouille un peu l’esprit mais vous arrivez à discuter à peu près normalement .......................................................... □
b. Enchanté, vous saisissez l’occasion et faites connaissance ............... □
c. Affolé, vous faites mine d’avoir une urgence et vous vous esquivez ........................................................................................................ □
d. Content, l’émotion vous rend cependant incapable d’articuler une parole ........................................................................................................ □
4. En fin de soirée il/elle vous propose de vous raccompagner. Pour vous c’est :
a. Le dilemme ! vous aimeriez accepter, mais vous redoutez d’être ridicule une fois seul(e) avec lui/elle ! Vous préférez décliner, prétextant que vous n’êtes pas vraiment sur sa route .......................................................... □
b. La catastrophe ! L’idée d’un tête-à-tête durant tout le trajet vous tétanise ; vous préférez – mille fois – rentrer seul(e) ! ........................................ □
c. L’aubaine ! Il/elle a l’air de vous apprécier, ce sera l’occasion d’avoir une discussion un peu plus personnelle .......................................................... □
d. L’épreuve ! Vous acceptez en vous mordant la langue, et vous avez une conversation cordiale mais plutôt décousue tout le long du trajet ! ... □
5. Vous avez un premier rendez-vous avec cette personne qui vous plaît décidément beaucoup. Votre cœur bat fort, ce moment pourrait être important. À l’heure du rendez-vous :
a. Non, vraiment, c’est trop dur, vous faites demi-tour en vous persuadant que cette personne n’était pas faite pour vous, que ça n’aurait jamais fonctionné entre vous.
b. Vous avez tellement peur que vous êtes au bord du malaise, mais tant pis, c’est trop important, vous y allez ; vous vous montrez un peu maladroit(e), vous renversez quelque chose et vous êtes moins intelligent(e) que d’habitude… mais vous êtes là !
c. Votre cœur bat la chamade, c’est normal, vous êtes ému(e). Mais face à cette personne, votre joie se lit sur votre visage et les choses se passent bien.
d. Le trac vous rend malade. Vous téléphonez pour prévenir que vous avez pris froid et que vous devez annuler pour vous mettre au lit illico….
6. Votre relation (amicale) est à ses débuts et il/elle vous propose de partager une journée d’activité avec son groupe d’amis. Vous êtes :
a. Réticent : cela pourrait être une bonne journée… mais si vous vous ridiculisiez à ses yeux et ceux de ses amis ?!
b. Partant ! C’est l’occasion d’une sortie en plein air et de rencontrer de nouvelles têtes.
c. Défiant : ils se connaissent déjà tous et vous serez seul(e) face à leur jugement.
d. Prudent : vous participez à la journée mais vous parlez peu et maintenez une distance « de sécurité » avec le groupe pour éviter tout impair.
7. Vous avez revu plusieurs fois cette personne, vous en êtes au stade où vous envisagez tous les deux, tacitement ou explicitement, de faire l’amour.
a. Les choses s’enchaînent naturellement, de fil en aiguille vous vous retrouvez dans un lit et le début est des plus prometteurs….
b. Cela vous impressionne tellement que vous ne cessez de retarder le moment fatidique, au point que l’autre commence à se demander s’il/elle vous plaît vraiment.
c. Installés confortablement chez lui/elle, vous commencez à vous embrasser, timidement d’abord, puis plus fougueusement… vous perdez alors tous vos moyens, tentez de vous justifier maladroitement et partez finalement comme un(e) voleur(-euse).
d. Vous êtes enfin ensemble et, malgré un trac fou, vous arrivez à dépasser la paralysie et vous faites l’amour, plus ou moins bien – c’est la première fois, après tout, il faut le temps de se connaître pour se perfectionner !
8. Depuis des mois, ou des années, vous vous fréquentez, vous partagez vos activités et vous vous présentez comme un couple à vos amis respectifs. L’autre personne suggère un beau jour que vous pourriez à présent emménager quelque part avec elle.
a. C’est la panique, vous vous sentez envahi(e), un étou se referme sur votre poitrine et vous empêche presque de respirer à l’idée de ne plus avoir votre solitude quotidienne.
b. Cela vous impressionne beaucoup, vous dites qu’il faut bien y réfléchir, prendre son temps.
c. Enfin ! Vous n’attendiez que cela, mais vous n’osiez pas aborder la question.
d. Pourquoi pas ? Cela vous semble une étape naturelle. Vous avez déjà des idées quant à l’endroit où vous aimeriez vivre.
9. Vous êtes désormais dans une relation amoureuse installée. Vous recevez la visite, très impromptue, des parents de votre moitié, de passage près de chez vous.
a. Vous butez sur les mots, vous rougissez mais bon gré mal gré la visite se passe bien, premier contact établi !
b. Vous êtes ravi(e), depuis le temps que vous espériez les rencontrer, c’est chose faite.
c. Vous êtes mortifié(e) : ni vous ni l’appartement n’étiez présentables, quelle opinion vont-ils se faire de vous ? ........................................... □
d. Vous perdez tous vos moyens et ils sont repartis avant que vous ayez pu vous ressaisir pour entamer une conversation digne de ce nom. ................................................................. □
10. À l’occasion de votre nouvel emménagement, il/elle vous propose d’organiser une crémaillère pour réunir tous vos amis. Pour vous, cette idée est :
a. Une évidence, vous êtes fier/fière et heureux(-euse) de fêter votre nouvelle installation ................................................................. □
b. Un défi, autant de rencontres en une soirée vous stressent, mais vous avez envie de réunir vos amis. ................................................................. □
c. Un cauchemar, assumer le rôle d’hôte(sse) pour autant d’invités vous est impossible. ................................................................. □
d. Un rêve, mais vous redoutez trop qu’ils snobent ou détestent votre fête. ................................................................. □
Pour mesurer quel est votre degré d’anxiété sociale, reportez vos réponses dans le tableau de correspondance qui suit et comptabilisez les symboles obtenus.
Si vous êtes un 🐻, vos réponses indiquent un gros problème d’anxiété face aux autres. Si tous vos choix sont dans cette catégorie, il est vraiment important de prendre des mesures pour vous faire aider. Dans certains cas, la peur vous tétanise au point d’être incapable de la politesse de base, ce qui aggrave vos difficultés relationnelles, car certains vous en tiennent rigueur.
Si vous êtes du type 🐼, vous ressentez souvent une peur forte des autres, qui ne vous empêche pas cependant d’avoir des relations à peu près normales : vous êtes angoissé mais vous assurez le minimum syndical dans les rapports humains ; les gens vous trouvent donc souvent timide ou maladroit mais vous le pardonnent très probablement.
Si vous êtes plutôt 🐶, vos réponses montrent une anxiété sociale qui vous gâche le plaisir dans de nombreuses circonstances et vous complique largement la vie.
Dans une certaine mesure, vous avez malgré tout apprivoisé vos angoisses et parvenez à dépasser vos craintes dans certaines situations. Une fois la confiance installée, l’Autre, devenu intime, se transforme en pôle de sécurité.
Si vous êtes dans la catégorie 🐼, vos réponses sont celles d’une personne à l’aise en société !
| | a | b | c | d |
|---|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| 1 | 🐼 | 🦔 | 🐬 | 🐻 |
| 2 | 🦔 | 🐻 | 🐬 | 🐼 |
| 3 | 🐼 | 🐬 | 🐻 | 🦔 |
| 4 | 🦔 | 🐻 | 🐬 | 🐼 |
| 5 | 🐻 | 🐼 | 🐬 | 🦔 |
| 6 | 🦔 | 🐬 | 🐻 | 🐼 |
| 7 | 🐬 | 🐻 | 🦔 | 🐼 |
| 8 | 🐻 | 🐼 | 🐬 | 🐬 |
| 9 | 🐼 | 🐬 | 🦔 | 🐻 |
| 10| 🐬 | 🐼 | 🐻 | 🦔 |
On pourrait ajouter à ces catégories une option supplémentaire de réponses décrivant quelqu’un coupé de ses émotions (si vous ne ressentez rien, si vous êtes comme éteint et vous agissez « comme un robot », cette option vous concerne).
ÊTES-VOUS CONCERNÉ ?
Chez certains anxieux, le spectre des émotions semble en effet avoir disparu, étouffé en même temps que leurs peurs. Ils ne paraissent pas très vivants aux autres, ne se sentent pas très vivants eux-mêmes. Si vous avez envie de répondre « je ne ressens rien » à l’une des situations proposées dans l’exercice, comptez-la comme une réponse de type « ours », qui témoigne d’une forte anxiété empêchant les relations aux autres. Vous souffrez probablement d’une forme d’anxiété appelée « schizoïde », soit un détachement apparent.
On peut évaluer les difficultés rencontrées dans la vie professionnelle à partir de situations comparables à celles de cet exercice. Pour une personne travaillant dans un bureau, les configurations suivantes peuvent entraîner des réactions similaires aux exemples de réponses que vous venez de lire :
• prendre la parole en réunion ;
• parler de soi pendant un entretien d’embauche ;
• exprimer un désaccord important ;
• demander une augmentation ou une revalorisation de poste ;
• faire une présentation devant des collègues ;
• régler un conflit entre deux collaborateurs.
Si ces situations d’interaction personnelles ou professionnelles vous posent problème, vous êtes concerné par la peur des autres. Dans le chapitre suivant nous allons présenter les symptômes et préciser l’intensité et le type de cette peur.
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2021 Vice Versa
Beckstoffer Las Piedras Vineyard
Cabernet Sauvignon - St-Helena
Tasting Notes
Exceedingly dense and complex, our 2021 Beckstoffer Las Piedras offers a seductive perfume of blackberry, cherry liqueur, cedar, wildflowers, bramble, roasted game, black pepper, and dark chocolate. While the multilayered silky mouthfeel impresses with crème de cassis, baking spice, and abundant ripe tannins, the purity, depth, and trademark mineral profile take center stage. Thrilling and luxurious.
Alcohol: 15.1%
pH: 3.86
Production: 350 cases
Blend
100% Cabernet Sauvignon from Beckstoffer Las Piedras Vineyard in St-Helena.
Fermented in stainless steel tanks, 4 days cold soak, 28 days on skins, aged in French oak barrels for approximately 20 months, 80% new French oak barrels, no fining.
Bottled Date: July 21st 2023
Release Date: March 7th 2023
Label Art
Vice Versa has nicknamed this wine “Sleepyhead” in reference to the warm, tranquil, and hidden location of the vineyard, and so Croatian artist Paolo Čerić’s label design features the face of a sleeping woman overlapped with spiral grooves, like those of a vinyl record.
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Cabernet Sauvignon Reserva Privada 2007
Vino tinto, elegante, sutil, con cuerpo y maduros taninos, de rango superior
D.O.: Rengo – Valle del Alto Cachapoal, CHILE
Variedad: 100% Cabernet Sauvignon
Alcohol: 14,0 %
Acidez Total: 3,86 g/L (H₂SO₄)
pH: 3,32
Azúcar Residual: 2,8 g/L
NOTAS DE CATA
Este vino exhibe un color rojo intenso con matices granates. Su elegante nariz resalta aromas complejos a frutos rojos maduros, ciruelas, higos, té y especias. En boca presenta un ataque sabroso con notas a chocolate, ciruela seca y finas especias mezcladas con ciertas notas a cuero. Sus taninos gratos y sedosos otorgan una elegante estructura. Es un vino de alto potencial de crianza en botella.
Recomendable servir a 18° Cº, preferentemente con carnes rojas, cordero, pichones, foie gras, pato, tocino.
VIÑEDO
Dentro del Valle Central está localizado el Valle del Cachapoal, región vitivinícola de gran historia en Chile. En este valle y al pie de la Cordillera de los Andes está situada la ciudad de Rengo que recibe el aire frío de las altas cumbres nevadas de los Andes. Los viñedos de Torreón de Paredes se encuentran al este de esta cuidad, en el Alto Cachapoal, sobre suelos aluviales y pedregosos, flanqueado por la grandiosa Cordillera, la cual no solo le da a nuestra bodega un sensacional telón de fondo sino también crea un fuerte contraste de temperaturas entre el día y la noche, dando como resultado frutos concentrados, sanos y de una perfecta acidez natural.
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PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: The Chair calls this meeting of Canton City Council to order. Roll call vote please Madame Clerk. Roll call.
ROLL CALL TAKEN BY CLERK TIMBERLAKE:
12 COUNCILMEMBERS PRESENT: (DON CASAR, JOE CARBENIA, MARY M. CIRELLI, BILL SMUCKLER, GREG HAWK, THOMAS E. WEST, JAMES GRIFFIN, KELLY ZACHARY, TERRY PRATER, DAVID R. DOUGHERTY, RICHARD D. HART, & KARL "BUTCH" KRAUS)
All COUNCILMEMBERS PRESENT
CLERK TIMBERLAKE: All Present Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Thank you Madame Clerk. We'll have the invocation given tonight by Member Mary Cirelli. Please remain standing for the pledge of allegiance.
The regular meeting of Canton City Council was held on Monday, December 11, at 7:30 P.M. in the Canton City Council Chamber. The roll call was taken (see above) by Clerk of Council Cynthia Timberlake. The invocation was given by Member Mary Cirelli, Councilmember At Large, followed by the Pledge of Allegiance led by President Schulman.
AGENDA CORRECTIONS & CHANGES
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: We're now under agenda corrections and changes. The Chair will recognize a motion to suspend Rule 22A to add 2 nd reading of Ordinance #10.
MEMBER CASAR: Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Member Casar.
MEMBER CASAR: I move that Rule 22A be suspended and add Ordinance #10 back on this evening's agenda, and also, ah, Rule 22A to add Ordinance #10A, 9A on the agenda which is a recycling ordinance; seconded.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: It's been moved and seconded with that discussion. Roll call vote please Madame Clerk.
NO REMARKS
ROLL CALL: 12 YEAS, 0 NAYS
CLERK TIMBERLAKE: Twelve yeas Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: The motion is sustained.
PUBLIC HEARINGS
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: There are no public hearings scheduled for this evening.
PUBLIC SPEAKS
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: We're now under public speaks on Ordinances. We have no speakers signed up to speak this evening.
INFORMAL RESOLUTIONS
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Madame Clerk, we are..would you please read Resolution #93 by title.
#93 (RETAINED IN CMTE FR: 11/27 & 12/4/06:) PERSONNEL COMMITTEE: REQUEST AUTHORIZATION TO REAPPOINT JOHN PICARD TO THE BOARD OF BUILDINGS APPEALS EFFECTIVE 1/1/07 THROUGH 12/31/09. - ADOPTED
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: The Chair will recognize a motion to adopt Resolution #93.
MEMBER CASAR: Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Member Casar
MEMBER CASAR: I move we adopt Resolution #93; seconded
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: It's been moved and seconded. Are there any remarks?... If not, voice vote, all those in favor signify by saying aye. Those opposed no. Resolution #93 has been adopted
NO REMARKS
RESOLUTION #93 APPROVED BY UNANIMOUS VOICE VOTE
COMMUNICATIONS
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: We are now under communications. Let the Journal show that all communications are received as read.
NOTE: ALL COMMUNICATIONS WHICH FOLLOW, LISTED BY AGENDA TITLE, ARE ON FILE IN THEIR ENTIRETY IN THE COUNCIL OFFICE WITH THE AGENDA ITEMS FILE DATED DECEMBER 11, 2006.
572. AUDITOR RICHARD A. MALLONN (CITY OF CANTON): MONTHLY REPORT BY FUND FOR 11/01/06 - 11/30/06. - RECEIVED & FILED
573. AUDITOR RICHARD A. MALLONN (CITY OF CANTON ):YEARLY REPORT BY FUND FOR 01/01/06 - 11/30/06. - RECEIVED & FILED
574. BUDGET DIRECTOR, CHIP CONDE (CITY OF CANTON): AUTHORIZE APPROPRIATION OF TRANSFERS, SUPPLEMENTALS, & REDUCTIONS NECESSARY TO CLOSE OUT 2006 FINANCES. - FINANCE CMTE
575. CLERK OF COUNCIL, CYNTHIA TIMBERLAKE (CITY OF CANTON): REQUEST LAW DEPT. TO PREPARE RESOLUTION FOR THE 2007 LIQUOR RENEWAL OBJECTIONS. INTERGOVERNMENTAL & PUBLIC SERVICE CMTE
576. HEALTH BENEFITS ADMINISTRATOR ROSE BRESSON (CITY OF CANTON): NOV 2006, MONTHLY COMPARATIVE REPORT OF INSURANCE CLAIMS & JAN - NOV 2006 PAID CLAIMS & COMPARATIVE REPORT. - RECEIVED & FILED
577. LIQUOR CONTROL DIVISION (OHIO): ADVISING THAT HEARING REGARDING CANTON SOUTH DRIVE THRU, INC @1837 CLEVELAND AVE SW HAS BEEN CONTINUED. - RECEIVED & FILED
578. LIQUOR CONTROL DIVISION (OHIO): ADVISING THAT HEARING REGARDING FULTON ROAD DRIVE-THRU, INC. @ 1133 FULTON RD NW, 1 ST FLOOR SOUTH UNIT & BASEMENT HAS BEEN CONTINUED. - RECEIVED & FILED
579. SERVICE DIR., JOSEPH CONCATTO (CITY OF CANTON): AUTHORIZE SERV DIR TO ENTER INTO LEGISLATION W/OHIO DEPT OF TRANSPORTATION TO UPGRADE/REPLACE GROUND MOUNTED SIGNS ON VARIOUS ROUTES IN STARK COUNTY FOR "2008" FISCAL YEAR. - PUBLIC SAFETY & THOROUGHFARES CMTE
580. SERVICE DIR., JOSEPH CONCATTO (CITY OF CANTON): AUTHORIZE SERV DIR TO PAY $4,722.83 MORAL OBLIGATION FOR YOUTH DEV. RE: OUTSTANDING INVOICES FOR ATLANTIC FOODS. - FINANCE CMTE
581. SERVICE DIR., JOSEPH CONCATTO (CITY OF CANTON): AUTHORIZE SERV DIR TO PAY $37,204.00 MORAL OBLIGATION TO CANTON CITY SCHOOLS.- FINANCE CMTE
582. TREASURER, ROBERT SCHIRACK (CITY OF CANTON): BANK RECONCILIATIONS & CITY'S OUTSTANDING INVESTMENTS AS OF 11/30/06. - RECEIVED & FILED
583. TREASURER, ROBERT SCHIRACK (CITY OF CANTON): NOV 2006 PARKING METER REVENUE. - RECEIVED & FILED
584. TREASURER, ROBERT SCHIRACK (CITY OF CANTON): NOV 2006 DEPOSITS & PAY INS FOR THE AMBULANCE LOCK BOX ACCOUNT. - RECEIVED & FILED
585. TREASURER, ROBERT SCHIRACK (CITY OF CANTON): COMPARATIVE REPORT OF CASH RECEIPTS AS OF 11/30/06. - RECEIVED & FILED
586. WEST T., WARD 2 CNCLMBR: REQUEST LAW DEPT TO RESEARCH & PREPARE LEGISLATION TO BAN OR OUTLAW SALE OF GLASS ROSE PIPES & OTHER NEW DRUG RELATED ITEMS. - JUDICIARY CMTE
587. WEST T., WARD 2 CNCLMBR: REQUEST EXPLORATION OF A COLLEGE CAMPUS, RETAIL STORES & PARKING FACILITY IN THE KRESGE BLOCK. - RECEIVED & FILED
ORDINANCES & FORMAL RESOLUTIONS FOR FIRST READING
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: We are now under first reading of Ordinances and Formal Resolutions for the first reading. Let the journal show that all ordinances are being given their readings as required by State Law. Madame Clerk, please read the first reading ordinances by title.
NOTE: PRESIDENT SCHULMAN CALLED UPON CLERK TIMBERLAKE TO READ ORDINANCES #1 THROUGH #9 FOR THE FIRST TIME BY TITLE & ANNOUNCED THE COMMITTEE REFERRAL, AS
FOLLOWS.
#9(A) (1 ST RDG)
A RESOLUTION AUTHORIZING THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC SERVICE TO INITIATE IMPLEMENTATION OF A CURBSIDE RECYCLING PROGRAM; AND DECLARING THE SAME TO BE AN EMERGENCY Referred to Recycling Committee
ORDINANCES & FORMAL RESOLUTIONS FOR SECOND READING
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: We're now under Ordinances for their second reading. Madame Clerk, will you please read Ordinances #10 and..
NOTE: PRESIDENT SCHULMAN CALLED UPON CLERK TIMBERLAKE TO READ ORDINANCE #10 FOR ITS SECOND TIME BY TITLE AS REQUIRED BY STATE LAW, AS FOLLOWS
#10. (2 ND RDG) AN ORDINANCE VACATING A PORTION OF HOOVER PLACE NW; AND DECLARING THE SAME TO BE AN EMERGENCY.
PUB HRG 12/18/06 @ 7:30 PM
#11. (2 ND RDG) RETAINED IN COMMITTEE FR: 12/4/06 & 12/11/06 (NOT READ)
ORDINANCES & FORMAL RESOLUTIONS FOR THIRD AND FINAL READING
NOTE: PRESIDENT SCHULMAN CALLED UPON CLERK TIMBERLAKE TO READ THE FOLLOWING ORDINANCES #12 THROUGH #14 FOR THE THIRD TIME BY TITLE AS REQUIRED BY STATE LAW, AS FOLLOWS. ALL THE ORDINANCES WERE ADOPTED BY COUNCIL FOLLOWING THEIR THIRD READING
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: We're now under Ordinances for their third and final reading. Madame Clerk, please read Ordinances #12 through #14 by title.
#12. (3 RD RDG) ADOPTED AS ORDINANCE NO 234/2006 AN ORDINANCE AMENDING APPROPRIATION ORDINANCE NO. 1/2006, AS AMENDED, BY MAKING THE SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATION HEREIN DESCRIBED; AND DECLARING THE SAME TO BE AN EMERGENCY
MEMBER CASAR: Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Member Casar.
MEMBER CASAR: I move we adopt Ordinance #12; seconded.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: It's been moved and seconded to adopt Ordinance #12. Are there any remarks?... If not, roll call vote please, Madame Clerk.
NO REMARKS
ROLL CALL: 12 YEAS, 0 NAYS
CLERK TIMBERLAKE: Twelve yeas Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Ordinance #12 is adopted.
#12 ADOPTED AS ORDINANCE 234/2006
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Ordinance #13 please.
#13 (3 RD RDG) ADOPTED AS ORDINANCE NO. 235/2006 AN ORDINANCE AUTHORIZING THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC SERVICE TO ENTER INTO A RIGHT-OF-WAY USE AGREEMENT WITH FIBER TECHNOLOGIES NETWORK, LLC TO CONNECT THE CANTON CITY SCHOOLS ADMINISTRATION BUILDING AND THE SCHOOL DISTRICT'S POP SITE; AND DECLARING THE SAME TO BE AN EMERGENCY
MEMBER CASAR: Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Member Casar.
MEMBER CASAR: I move we adopt Ordinance #13; seconded.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: It's been moved and seconded that you adopt Ordinance #13. Are there any remarks?... If not, Madame Clerk, roll call vote please,
NO REMARKS
ROLL CALL: 12 YEAS, 0 NAYS
CLERK TIMBERLAKE: Twelve yeas Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Ordinance #13 has been adopted. #13 ADOPTED AS ORDINANCE 235/2006
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Ordinance #14 Madame Clerk.
#14. (3 RD RDG) ADOPTED AS ORDINANCE NO. 236/2006 AN ORDINANCE AUTHORIZING THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC SERVICE TO ENTER INTO CONTRACT WITH CTI ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. IN AN AMOUNT NOT TO EXCEED $19,750 FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES FOR THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL CENTER; AMENDING APPROPRIATION ORDINANCE NO.1/2006; AND DECLARING THE SAME TO BE AN EMERGENCY
MEMBER CASAR: Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Member Casar.
MEMBER CASAR: I move we adopt Ordinance #14; seconded.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: It's been moved and seconded that you adopt Ordinance #14. Any remarks?...
If not, roll call vote please.
NO REMARKS
ROLL CALL: 11 YEAS, 1 NAYS
(MARY CIRELLI - NAY)
CLERK TIMBERLAKE: Eleven yeas, one nay Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Ordinance #14 has been adopted. #14 ADOPTED AS ORDINANCE 236/2006
ANNOUNCEMENT OF COMMITTEE MEETINGS
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: We are now under Announcement of Committee Meetings.
MEMBER CARBENIA: Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Member Carbenia.
MEMBER CARBENIA: From now on we'll raise our hand with that. (LAUGHTER)
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Thank you.
MEMBER CARBENIA: Ah.... Community and Economic Development will meet at 6:00 on December 18th.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Thank you. Member Hawk.
MEMBER HAWK: Mr. President. The Finance committee meeting will, the Finance Committee will meet Monday, December 18 th at 6pm.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Thank you. Member West.
MEMBER WEST: Mr. President. Judiciary will meeting Monday, December 18 th at 6:00.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Member Kraus.
MEMBER KRAUS: Public Safety and Thoroughfares will meet at 6:00 on Nov...ah, December the 18 th .
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Thank you. Member Hart.
MEMBER HART: The Recycling Committee will also meet at 6:00 on the 18 th .
PUBLIC SPEAKS (OPEN FORUM--CITY BUSINESS ONLY)
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: We're now under Public Speaks, Open Forum. We have no speakers signed up this evening.
MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: We're now under miscellaneous business.
MEMBER CASAR: Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Member Casar.
MEMBER CASAR: Mr. President, I would just like to say ah, a good friend of mine and a good friend of all of us in Council, my good buddy Member Carbenia, his birthday is today. I don't, I, I don't wanna tell you how old he is...(APPLAUSE) but give him a hand. (MORE APPLAUSE)
MEMBER CARBENIA: I quit counting. (LAUGHTER)
AUDITOR MALLONN: Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Yes. Mr. Auditor.
AUDITOR MALLONN: I would like to take the opportunity to wish my good friend Papa Joe his, happy birthday on his 39 th birthday today. (LAUGHTER) And also, I'd like to take a moment to wish our good friend. Lee Coti, who's going to have his 40 th birthday tomorrow. (LAUGHTER) So, happy birthday to both you gentlemen.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Happy birthday gentlemen.
MEMBER GRIFFIN: Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Yes. Member Griffin.
MEMBER GRIFFIN: Okay. Um, on behalf of Canton Ex-News Boys, you know last Friday we had a very successful campaign in collecting. We froze our ears off and other parts so, anyway, (LAUGHTER) ah, okay, if anybody did have a chance to pick up a paper and to contribute, I do have some papers with me. We're still counting money and we appreciate your support and thank you. And, thank you Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: And thank you Member Griffin.
MEMBER WEST: Mr. President. Right here.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Member West.
MEMBER WEST: Over here.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Sorry.
MEMBER WEST: Um, actually, I don't know, hopefully everybody went to the light, light up downtown, lights on, what is it called? Light Up. And, it was a wonderful fire works display. I think that was, really, it was freezing but it was a wonderful display and I just wanted to ah, congratulate the Administration for making that happen. (APPLAUSE)
MAYOR CREIGHTON: Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Madame Mayor.
MAYOR CREIGHTON: Um, thank you Councilman West. I appreciate the accolades but honestly, the credit goes to the Canton Regional Chamber of Commerce and all the many volunteers some of which are probably in this room that helped put on that event. The City is a partner, um, but it is really the stewardship and the dollars that the Regional Chamber of Commerce raises to put that event on.
BUDGET DIRECTOR CONDE: Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Yes.
BUDGET DIRECTOR CONDE: I just wanna let the Council and the public know that our ratings came back for our bond from Standard and Poores and Moody's. Standard and Poores we remained at our A+ level where we wanted to stay and Moody's because of the hard work of a lot of Councilmembers in fact, we were able to up, increase that and upgrade to an A2, which is an increase from the A3. Ah, so thank you all very much
Councilmembers who helped, all the Councilmembers, it was sited that leadership was one of the things that moved us up a little bit so I would like to publicly thank everyone for that. (APPLAUSE)
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: That's right. (APPLAUSE)
MEMBER HART: Yeah, Mr. Pre...ah....
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: I know that Member Hart has something to say.
MEMBER HART: Yeah. I just want to thank everybody um, for probably the last 15 years ah, with the recycling. The words of encouragement that, ah, I've been given in, in with this past Administration or with this Administration, um, I just wanna say thank you but ah, with the group of kids that was here last week, um, you know, they did a rap and Bill and Greg, you know, kinda issued me more of a challenge than anything else, and I, I'm really not much of a rapper, but I, I do consider myself kind of a poet. So, I guess if you guys would just give me a minute, and, and,..... indulge me....
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: I think that's all, that's all the time you have Member Hart. (LAUGHTER)
MEMBER HART: Okay. Thank you. But it was a fore, night before Christmas, when all through this City, all the snow-covered houses were sitting so pretty. The trash cans were all lining the streets with the dusting of new fallen snow, in hopes that the Sanitation workers and recycling would soon be ready to go. The cans were all nestled in neat little rows, with a vision of landfills dancing in their heads. Mom in her pj's and I in my hat, felt like we had just gone down for a long winter nap. When, out on my lawn there arose such a clatter, I sprang from my bed to see what was the matter. Away to the window I flew like a flash, and opened the shutter and thru up, open the sash. The moonbeam on the breast of the new fallen snow, gave a luster of mid-day to the trash cans below. When what to my wondering eyes did appear, but a brightly colored sanitation truck with three antleredclad orange vested workers who wanted to look like reindeer. With the lovely little driver so lovely and quick, I knew it must be the Mayor who thought she was St. Nick. (LAUGHTER) Oh she was dressed so slick. More rapid than the eagles, her staff, oh how they flew, and she whistled and shouted and yelled at them by name. Now Joe, Bernie, Chip, you did it again. Get off this guy's yard, clean up the mess, he's the only Republican on Council I guess. (LAUGHTER) Quick.... clean up the trash and we'll dash all the way. As dry leaves that before wild hurricane fly, when they meet with an obstacle, they mounted the recyclables and trash to the sky. Over, all over the yard and to the house top, the trash flew, with the truck full of recyclables they took off too, like a rocket to continue their route. And then, in a twinkling, I heard on the roof, the rustling of a trash can coming down my slate-shingled roof. Down on my yard, the can hit with such a clatter, waking all the neighbors to see what was the matter. Janet, Joe, Bernie, Chip all looked back in wonder, when the neighbors yelled, I'm calling my Councilman. He or she will straighten out this matter. Her eyes how they twinkled; how merry her smile, when Janet said stop, just wait just a while. Joe, Bernie, Chip, gritting their teeth looked at each other in total disbelief, she gave them the kind look, they had done nothing wrong. With a grin they spoke not a word, putting paper on one side, splitting with metal on the other side down. The guys turned to Janet and gave her a whistle, let's go have some fun and they headed to town. They bound, they bounded for the truck, not a step did they lose, let's go visit Councilmembers they mused. So to Casar, said Joe, we'll go and make some noise. Let's get him up early, maybe some coffee he'll have ready for us boys. The Mayor said, maybe for me, but not you, you be silly. At Joe's house, we'll make him with a, wake him with a siren so loud, to wake him up his dream of recycling, that bound, that bound to make him think he's back at Station 8 he made so proud. (LAUGHTER) Then to Mary's house the pillars will rock when we pull up, we'll sound the siren so loud. Then at Bill's house, we hope to find meat so fine, set out at the curb on us to dine because at Greg's house, we find his quarter hotdogs, even though... yeah, there's still.... kinda devine. Going to Tom's house we got lost. We went east and
not west. At Jim's we'll pick up the tree, the City gave back because it fell over when the wind sent it over with a blast. At Kelly's we'll find a woman full of beauty and grace, ready to meet recycling head-on with a smiling face. At Terry's we'll find a Councilman who doesn't find recycling out of date or out of place. On to Dave's house, we've gone, he's gone early to golf, with used Tee's to play 9 holes at First Tee's, before anyone can see how badly he plays, just between you and me. On to Butch's house we go, hoping his ward takes the lead in recycling, here he goes. President Schulman an old environmentalist you see, has been recycling for generations before you and me. Down the brightly lit snow-covered street, the Mayor and her staff flew singing happiest of holidays and many happy days of recycling to you. Thank you. (MANY APPLAUSE AND KUDOS TO MEMBER HART!)
MEMBER SMUCKLER: Mr. President.
MEMBER CASAR: Mr. President.
MEMBER SMUCKLER: Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: The next time I'm gonna..... the next time Member Hart says I have a little poem, to read, I promise you, I will censor it down to 3 minutes.
MEMBER CASAR: Thank you.
MEMBER SMUCKLER: Mr., Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: And, I'm just glad there aren't 140 Councilmembers. Member Smuckler.
MEMBER SMUCKLER: Mr. President um, Mayor, could I ask you a question? Um, I saw that Prince was signed at the half time Super Bowl, do you think that we could get a second act in if you called the NFL up real quick?
MAYOR CREIGHTON: Um, Mr. President. If, if we can't get him there, we'll have him for Hall of Fame next year. (LAUGHTER)
MEMBER CARBENIA: Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Member Carbenia.
MEMBER CARBENIA: After that filibuster, (LAUGHTER) he mightta lost a couple votes.
MEMBER CASAR: Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Member Casar.
MEMBER CASAR: I certainly don't wanna recycle that so, I move we adjourn; seconded.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: All.....moved and seconded; all in favor.... or, I'm sorry. What? Roll call vote please.
NO REMARKS
ROLL CALL: 12 YEAS, 0 NAYS
CLERK TIMBERLAKE: Twelve yeas Mr. President.
PRESIDENT SCHULMAN: Meeting is adjourned.
PRESIDENT SHULMAN: Meeting adjourned. (gavel falls)
ADJOURNMENT TIME: 7:56 PM
ATTEST:
APPROVED:
CYNTHIA TIMBERLAKE CLERK OF COUNCIL
ALLEN SCHULMAN PRESIDENT OF COUNCIL
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Aspectos nutricionais relacionados à prevenção de cáries na infância
Nutritional aspects related to the prevention of childhood caries
Ana Cláudia Gonçalves Dias 1 Suzane Raslan 1 Alexandre Prado Scherma 1
Correspondência: firstname.lastname@example.org
RESUMO
A cárie dentária é uma doença multifatorial, infecciosa, transmissível e está intimamente ligada à introdução dos carboidratos refinados na dieta, principalmente a sacarose. Logo, é uma das doenças de maior incidência na infância e a alimentação pode ser vista como um fator primário de determinação da susceptibilidade para a doença. A prevenção da cárie deve começar na infância e para que isso ocorra é de fundamental importância uma mudança de atitude dos pais. Sendo assim, o presente estudo realizou uma revisão da literatura sobre aspectos nutricionais relacionados à prevenção de cáries na infância e concluiu que a implementação da educação em saúde bucal e nutrição por meio de programas preventivos pode estabelecer não só hábitos favoráveis quanto à higiene bucal, mas, também, o estabelecimento de uma dieta alimentar saudável reduzindo assim a incidência de cárie e proporcionando uma condição favorável de saúde geral. E, para que isso aconteça, é importantíssima a integração das áreas afins.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cárie, Nutrição, Aleitamento materno, Prevenção.
ABSTRACT
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease, infectious, transmissible and is closely linked to the introduction of refined carbohydrates in the diet, especially sucrose. Therefore, it is a higher incidence of disease in childhood and the power can be seen as a primary factor in determining the susceptibility to the disease. The caries prevention should begin in childhood and for this to occur is a crucial change in attitude of parents. Therefore, this study conducted a literature review on nutritional aspects of caries prevention in children and concluded that the implementation of oral health education and nutrition through preventive programs can establish not only favorable habits and oral hygiene, but also the establishment of a healthy diet thus reducing the incidence of caries and providing a favorable condition of general health. And for that to happen is the integration of important related areas.
KEY WORDS: Caries, Nutrition, Breastfeeding, Prevention.
________________________________
INTRODUÇÃO
A cárie dentária é uma doença multifatorial, infecciosa, transmissível e sacarose dependente. Necessita da interação entre microrganismos patogênicos e dieta cariogênica, num hospedeiro que ofereça um ambiente adequado, durante certo período de tempo. Está intimamente ligada à introdução dos carboidratos refinados na dieta, principalmente a sacarose, que é considerada o dissacarídeo mais cariogênico, sendo este o mais presente na dieta familiar em quase todo o mundo [1].
Logo, é uma das doenças de maior incidência na infância e a alimentação do hospedeiro pode ser vista como um fator primário de determinação da susceptibilidade para a doença [2].
Uma alimentação balanceada capaz de proporcionar um adequado estado nutricional, certamente, contribui para uma desejável condição bucal do indivíduo. Dessa forma, alguns estados carenciais, ou mesmo a ingestão de alguns componentes alimentares específicos, podem influenciar os processos de odontogênese, erupção e desenvolvimento da cárie dentária [3].
A desnutrição nos primeiros anos de vida atrasa o desenvolvimento dentário e resulta em aumento de cárie na dentição decídua [4].
O próprio hábito de mamar, principalmente quando realizado antes de dormir, acaba propiciando a ação bacteriana, pois durante esse período ocorre uma diminuição do fluxo salivar. A saliva tem um papel relevante na proteção dos dentes à cárie dentária, pois é provável que o aumento significativo da susceptibilidade à cárie dentária em indivíduos desnutridos seja decorrente de alterações na velocidade de secreção salivar e nos componentes salivares, pois a redução do fluxo salivar aumenta não só a susceptibilidade à cárie dentária, como também a possibilidade de erosão dental [4].
Outra constatação grave é que crianças entre três e cinco anos de idade com cárie precoce na infância apresentam comprometimento no crescimento corpóreo, tanto em estatura quanto em peso, quando comparadas a crianças da mesma faixa etária, livres de cárie, situação possivelmente associada à sintomatologia dolorosa durante a alimentação [5].
A prevenção da cárie deve começar na infância e para que isso ocorra é de fundamental importância uma mudança de atitude dos pais. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como proposta fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre aspectos nutricionais relacionados à prevenção de cáries na infância visando à busca de conhecimentos para a promoção de saúde bucal e, consequentemente, uma melhor condição de saúde geral.
REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Saúde Bucal
A educação em saúde bucal é entendida como a totalidade das experiências a que uma pessoa, grupo ou comunidade pode ser exposta e que influenciam favoravelmente práticas, atitudes e conhecimento relativos à saúde bucal. Muitos esforços foram devotados no passado para informar o público, contudo, isso não tem bastado para modificar o comportamento individual e coletivo na medida em que se esperava, inclusive nos países em que os serviços de assistência dentária são dispensados gratuitamente, as pessoas não se fazem tratar como deveriam. Também está comprovado que a etiologia e tratamento das doenças, bem como a conservação e melhoria da saúde, depende muito mais do comportamento individual e coletivo do que das condições do meio. Tudo indica que é urgente dar uma orientação mais eficaz à educação no que se refere à saúde bucal [6].
As crianças brasileiras apresentam um dos mais altos índices de extrações dentárias prematuras, sem manutenção do espaço perdido. Lesões de cárie extensas não tratadas são fatores agravantes na determinação de má-oclusões, que figuram na terceira posição na escala de prioridades e de problemas de saúde bucal no Brasil [7].
A condição bucal pode ainda ser influenciada por alterações nas glândulas salivares, pois a saliva é essencial à saúde dentária. Fagundes et al. (2000) referem que o índice de fluxo salivar reduzido aumenta a susceptibilidade às lesões de cárie dentária, uma vez que o efeito tampão da saliva previne a redução intraoral do pH após a ingestão de açúcar [8].
A manutenção constante do flúor na cavidade bucal é importante para a resistência do esmalte, interferindo na dinâmica do processo de cárie, reduzindo a quantidade de minerais perdidos durante a desmineralização e ativando a resposta na remineralização. Na realidade, o flúor não impede o surgimento da cárie, mas é extremamente eficiente em reduzir a sua progressão, devendo ainda ser enfatizado o controle da placa dentária e da dieta. A frequência diária de escovação dentária com dentifrício fluoretado e a escovação antes de dormir são importantes medidas para o controle da doença, pois mantêm a concentração de flúor na saliva por um período maior [9].
Foi realizado um experimento em Bauru-SP, com uma população de pré-escolares de 4 a 5 anos de idade que participaram de um programa odontológico com bases educativa, preventiva e curativa. Os pais participaram de palestras e as professoras realizavam a escovação supervisionada diariamente. Como resultado, após dozes meses, o Índice ceo-s (dentes cariados (c), com extração indicada (e) e obturados (o)) apresentou diminuição considerável; nos dentes anteriores, a redução foi de 62,2% e nos posteriores, de 40%. Assim, ficou comprovada a importância de se organizar um subsistema odontológico que integre as áreas de educação e de saúde em suas ações educativas, preventivas e curativas [10].
Autores salientam a necessidade urgente da implementação da educação em saúde bucal e de programas preventivos devido aos altos índices de cárie que encontraram nas crianças de 0 a 6 anos em Goiânia (GO), principalmente nas de piores condições socioeconômicas [11].
Educação e motivação são capazes de despertar interesse pela manutenção da saúde, desenvolvendo nas pessoas consciência crítica das reais causas de seus problemas [12,13, 14].
Os pais precisam ser orientados quanto à importância da saúde bucal e de sua manutenção por meio da higiene do bebê, devem possuir conhecimentos sobre a amamentação natural e artificial, controle da ingestão de açúcar e importância da aplicação do flúor [15, 16].
Nesse sentido, a higiene pode ser realizada com auxílio de dedeira, gaze ou fralda umedecida em água fervida e que a atenção à saúde bucal deve ser iniciada em uma idade precoce, preferencialmente no primeiro ano de vida [17].
Fazer com que os pais tomem consciência do seu papel educativo com relação à higiene bucal dos seus filhos é o primeiro passo para a obtenção de sucesso na construção de hábitos de higiene bucal na criança [18].
Cárie
A etiologia da cárie dentária é multifatorial, quatro fatores devem estar presentes simultaneamente: hospedeiro ou superfície dentária suscetível; microrganismos; carboidratos fermentáveis na dieta (substrato para o metabolismo bacteriano); e tempo/duração (para que as bactérias metabolizem os carboidratos fermentáveis, produzam ácidos e causem queda do pH salivar para menos de 5,5) [19].
A cárie é uma doença infecciosa induzida pela dieta e, apesar do declínio mundial em todas as idades, em especial pela utilização do flúor, sua prevalência permanece estável na dentição decídua. Sendo assim, persiste como sério problema de saúde pública, e seu controle deve ser prioridade, pois pode levar à má-oclusão dos dentes permanentes, problemas fonéticos e diminuição da autoestima. Também foi demonstrado que a cárie dentária pode diminuir de forma progressiva o ganho de peso da criança, o qual poderia ser revertido após uma completa reabilitação bucal [9].
A cárie é uma das doenças de maior incidência na infância e a alimentação do hospedeiro pode ser vista como um fator primário de determinação da susceptibilidade para a doença. Além disso, juntamente com a cárie poderão aparecer outras doenças como obesidade e as doenças dela decorrentes [4]. Os hábitos alimentares relacionados à obesidade poderão também determinar uma maior prevalência de cárie dentária, já que tanto a quantidade de sacarose ingerida quanto a frequência de ingestão são fatores frequentemente envolvidos na etiologia da cárie [20].
Logo, obesidade e cárie dentária tendem a aumentar conjuntamente, principalmente devido ao aumento do consumo de açúcar estar relacionado a ambas as situações. Considerando-se que a partir dos seis meses de idade geralmente o leite materno deixa de ser a única fonte de alimentação do bebê, é provável que a introdução precoce de alimentos açucarados, tais como chás, refrigerantes e mel esteja relacionada com a alta prevalência de cárie nesta faixa etária, estabelecendo um hábito alimentar favorável à obesidade e à cárie dentária [11].
Nas últimas décadas, o consumo de açúcar em sociedades emergentes tem sido crescente. A substituição de produtos locais por alimentos manufaturados, particularmente com alto conteúdo de açúcar, tem sido acompanhada por um aumento na cárie dentária [2].
O consumo de alimentos adoçados é influenciado por uma variedade de fatores biológicos, psicológicos, sociais e ambientais [21].
A alta correlação entre a preferência da criança e seus pais por doce sugere que essa preferência é, em parte, um hábito aprendido [22].
Algumas características (nível socioeconômico, dieta, uso de chupeta adocicada) de crianças que desenvolveram cárie foram observadas em um estudo. A maior prevalência de cárie em crianças com nível social mais baixo foi compatível com os estudos que atribuem essa condição à falta de orientação sobre o assunto, uma vez que os pais, precocemente, davam aos filhos alimentos doces e em alta frequência ao dia [23].
Foram identificados os fatores de risco associados com o desenvolvimento da cárie em 466 crianças, nas faixas etárias de 4 e de 6 anos, atendidas em um programa educativo-preventivo na Bebê-Clínica da Universidade Estadual de Londrina - PR. Das 466 crianças examinadas, 112 (24%) desenvolveram a doença. Observou-se uma maior prevalência de cárie nas crianças aos 6 anos de idade. Os dentes mais afetados foram os incisivos centrais superiores e segundos molares inferiores aos 4 e 6 anos de idade respectivamente. Mostraram-se como fatores de risco para cárie, em ordem decrescente, a dificuldade em seguir as recomendações do programa, o início da utilização do fio dental somente após 24 meses de idade, renda per capita inferior a cento e cinquenta reais, abandono da mamadeira após 48 meses de idade, a concepção dos pais de que algum dia o filho terá cárie e ausência de higienização bucal após utilização da mamadeira noturna [24].
Estudaram-se os fatores associados com o desenvolvimento de cárie dentária em pré-escolares que recebem acompanhamento e intervenção odontológica. O estudo abrangeu 200 crianças, de 24 a 48 meses de idade, que participavam do programa de Bebê-Clínica (Universidade Estadual de Londrina) há pelo menos 12 meses. A comparação entre as crianças com cárie e sem cárie não apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significantes com relação aos hábitos de higiene bucal. No entanto, a presença de placa visível nos incisivos superiores esteve fortemente associada com a presença de cárie dentária. Outros fatores relacionados à presença de cárie foram à educação formal paterna ou de ambos os pais igual ou menor do que 8 anos, alto consumo de açúcar e uso de mamadeira durante o sono. Na população estudada, o padrão dietético continua sendo o principal responsável pelo desenvolvimento de lesões de cárie [25].
Foi verificado o efeito das práticas de alimentação infantil e de fatores associados sobre a ocorrência de cárie dental em 156 crianças de 18 a 48 meses. Notou-se que 72% das crianças eram alimentadas ao seio, 17%, apenas com mamadeira e 10%, pelos dois meios. Das crianças alimentadas apenas com mamadeira 70% apresentaram cárie. A cárie de mamadeira foi observada em 20% das crianças, 77% destas tinham sido alimentadas por mais de 12 meses. As crianças, cujos pais eram profissionais com terceiro grau de escolaridade, tiveram significativamente menos cárie do que aquelas de pais com nível técnico ou pais operários. A prevalência de cárie na faixa etária estudada foi relativamente alta. As crianças com cárie de mamadeira tenderam a manter seus hábitos de aleitamento por mais de 12 meses, sendo que o uso de mamadeira açucarada estava presente em 100% dos casos [26].
Avaliou-se em 290 crianças entre 6 e 36 meses de idade de Centros de Educação Infantil Estaduais da Fundação da Promoção Social ao Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul na cidade de Campo Grande (MS), a relação entre a prevalência de cárie dentária, incluindo lesões de mancha branca com o tipo de sono, hábitos de amamentação noturna e higiene bucal. Foi observado ceo (dentes cariados, extração indicada e obturados) médio de 2,76, ocorrendo aumento das superfícies com cárie dentária e mancha branca com o avanço da idade, sem diferenças significantes entre os sexos. A amamentação noturna estava intimamente ligada ao momento das crianças adormecerem. O tipo de sono não relacionou com maior prevalência de cárie dentária e mancha branca. Com o aumento da idade, diminuiu a porcentagem de crianças que acordam durante a noite para mamar. Crianças com hábito noturno de amamentação, ou seja, frequência noturna de amamentação, não apresentaram maior prevalência de cárie dentária e mancha branca. Com o aumento da idade, a porcentagem de pacientes que receberam escovação dos dentes uma ou mais vezes ao dia também aumentou. Logo, os resultados demonstraram relação significante entre os hábitos de higiene bucal e a prevalência de cárie dentária [27].
Foram avaliados os hábitos alimentares e de higiene bucal em crianças de 3 a 5 anos de idade pertencentes a quatro creches municipais da cidade de Vinhedo-SP, relacionando-os com os índices de cárie e placa. O índice de placa mostrou-se elevado na maioria das amostras com média de 46% de superfícies dentárias com placa, além de 67,3% das crianças apresentando uma ou mais lesões de cárie. Através da análise estatística, encontrouse relação estatisticamente significante entre os índices de cárie e placa e entre o índice de placa e o número de lanches diários [28].
Verificou-se a prevalência de cárie e de fatores de risco em crianças com idade até 36 meses, com esse objetivo realizou-se uma entrevista com os responsáveis por meio da qual foram avaliados os fatores de risco à cárie, incluindo condições sócioeconômico-culturais, hábitos de higiene bucal e de dieta. As crianças tinham em média 22,9 meses de idade. A prevalência de cárie encontrada, incluindo lesões não cavitadas foi de 41,6% e o índice ceo foi de 1,7 (±2,5). Os dentes mais afetados foram os anteriores superiores e o tipo de lesão mais comum foi a mancha branca ativa. Não houve associação significativa estatisticamente entre a prevalência de cárie e os fatores sócioeconômico-culturais, frequência de higiene, hábito de amamentação noturna e dieta cariogênica durante o dia. Entretanto, a associação entre cárie e presença de biofilme dental foi significativa [29].
O controle e prevenção da cárie dentária é um desafio constante para pesquisadores em todo o mundo. A adoção de medidas preventivas democráticas de controle da cárie dentária como a fluoretação da água de abastecimento e dos cremes dentais permitiram uma melhora substancial na saúde bucal de diferentes grupos sociais. Porém, uma significativa parcela da população ainda sofre de problemas odontológicos [30].
Aleitamento Materno
A importância da amamentação tem sido enfatizada nos últimos anos uma vez que, o leite materno é o melhor alimento do ponto de vista nutricional e reforça o sistema imunológico do bebê contra doenças infecciosas e alérgicas. Há evidências epidemiológicas, mesmo em países desenvolvidos, que a amamentação protege contra infecções gastrointestinais e respiratórias, sendo que o efeito protetor é potencializado com a maior duração e exclusividade desse método de aleitamento infantil [31].
O aleitamento materno tem características protetoras comprovadas em relação ao crescimento sadio nos primeiros anos de vida. Entre suas propriedades importantes está a imunidade e a maior biodisponibilidade de praticamente todos os nutrientes indispensáveis à alimentação [32].
A amamentação preenche as necessidades emocionais, fortalecendo o vínculo mãe-filho [33]. Além disso, o ato da sucção ao peito promove o correto desenvolvimento das estruturas do sistema estomatognático, proporcionando o equilíbrio das forças musculares [34,35].
Toda mãe deveria ser estimulada a amamentar, pois os lábios e a língua do bebê assumem posição adequada ao trabalho dos músculos bucofaciais, sendo o exercício destes substancial para a correta articulação da fala e o crescimento adequado da mandíbula [36].
Com o aleitamento materno, o bebê terá melhores condições de estimulação do sistema sensório-motor- bucal, pois a força muscular necessária para que seja mantido um fluxo de leite satisfatório será bem maior [37].
A utilização muscular diferencial durante a amamentação pode interferir no desenvolvimento da mandíbula. Desse modo, é possível supor que o comprimento e a espessura da mandíbula sejam influenciados pela amamentação prolongada [38].
A composição do leite humano muda significantemente durante o período de lactação como um mecanismo fisiológico do organismo da mãe, além disso, o leite oferecido pela mãe nos primeiros meses de vida possui componentes nutricionais e imunológicos que o torna mais vantajoso em relação aos demais tipos de leite. Em particular interesse para a saúde dentária estão a vitamina D, flúor, cálcio e fósforo [15].
A cárie rampante ou cárie de mamadeira relacionada ao hábito do aleitamento (peito ou mamadeira) durante o sono foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1862 pelo pediatra americano Jacobi, a qual se inicia por uma discreta desmineralização, podendo causar dor, infecção e perda prematura dos dentes [39].
A introdução de líquidos e de outros alimentos, além do leite materno, na faixa etária de três a quatro meses de idade não só é desnecessária, como também pode aumentar o risco da diminuição da produção de leite e de infecções. Sendo assim, a alimentação precoce utilizando certos tipos de alimentos, como cereais ou vegetais, pode interferir na absorção de ferro, causando deficiências e aumentando o risco, a longo prazo, de anemia, obesidade, hipertensão, arteriosclerose e alergia alimentar [40].
Portanto, se os pais forem informados dos prováveis efeitos negativos da utilização da mamadeira noturna com líquidos açucarados, concomitante à higiene deficiente, da importância de uma dieta equilibrada, do uso do flúor e dos cuidados quanto à higiene bucal, assim como da necessidade da visita ao cirurgião-dentista quando da erupção dos primeiros dentes decíduos, tornar-se-á mais fácil impedir o estabelecimento de maus hábitos [17].
Nutrição
A nutrição implica ingestão e absorção dos nutrientes, bem como nos seus efeitos sobre os processos metabólicos, além disso, está relacionada ao equilíbrio entre aporte e consumo fisiológico de energia e nutrientes, ambas participando do processo de determinação do estado nutricional dos indivíduos [4].
Segundo o mesmo autor, uma alimentação balanceada capaz de proporcionar um adequado estado nutricional, certamente, contribui para uma desejável condição de saúde bucal do indivíduo. Dessa forma, alguns estados carenciais, ou mesmo a ingestão de alguns componentes alimentares específicos, podem influenciar os processos de odontogênese (formação dental), erupção e desenvolvimento da cárie dentária.
A desnutrição na infância, indicada pelo comprometimento severo do crescimento linear e/ou pelo emagrecimento extremo da criança, constitui um dos maiores problemas enfrentados por sociedades em desenvolvimento. Os episódios de desnutrição na primeira infância, como deficiências de vitaminas D, A e proteína, têm sido associado com hipoplasia do esmalte e atrofia das glândulas salivares, a qual reduz a capacidade de minimizar períodos de pH ácido, tornando o dente mais susceptível à cárie [41].
A escolha dos alimentos e os padrões alimentares são importantes para caracterizar o potencial de cariogenicidade de uma dieta, pois quando se avalia a dieta em relação à carie dentária temos que considerar tantos os fatores dietéticos relacionados aos produtos como os relacionados aos indivíduos, ou em outras palavras o que come uma pessoa e como ela come. Portanto, não só a cárie como também a dieta são multifatoriais [9].
Os efeitos locais da dieta no metabolismo da placa bacteriana e, especificamente, na produção de ácidos são considerados bem mais relevantes para a cárie do que os efeitos sistêmicos (nutricionais) no desenvolvimento do dente e na composição salivar. Contudo, ambos os efeitos, locais e sistêmicos, devem ser considerados para compreender completamente a relação entre dieta e cárie dentária [42].
Sabendo-se que os hábitos presentes na dieta infantil constituem um fator importante na etiologia e progressão da doença cárie e, que, a discriminação quanto à preferência por sabores ocorre com o desenvolvimento da criança e é afetada por inúmeros fatores, é fundamental a orientação não só quanto aos hábitos de higiene bucal, como também em relação ao consumo racional de açúcar, visando a promoção de saúde bucal [1].
A frequência da ingestão de carboidratos simples, principalmente a sacarose, é um fator importante na determinação do risco de cárie nos indivíduos que apresentam alta contagem de Streptococus mutans. Associado a isto, a consistência do alimento é fator preponderante na potencialização de sua ação cariogênica [43,44].
A cariogenicidade dos alimentos é apenas um componente que vai determinar a atividade da cárie de um indivíduo [45].
O carboidrato, importante componente da dieta humana, tem recebido por parte da comunidade científica odontológica grande atenção no que diz respeito a seu papel como substrato para a microbiota bucal. Dentre os carboidratos fermentáveis, a sacarose tem sido universalmente indicada como a mais cariogênica, sendo também o açúcar mais presente na dieta familiar em quase todo o mundo [46].
Um pH de baixo valor causará desmineralização da superfície dentária e, sendo assim, o risco de cárie aumenta com uma diminuição do pH da placa e com sua duração. É importante ter em mente que fatores individuais também influenciam o pH da placa. Estes são a quantidade e composição da placa, nível de secreção e capacidade tampão da saliva e tempo de remoção das moléculas na boca. Sendo assim, os autores afirmam que o pH da placa é um dos meios mais confiáveis e simples para a avaliação da cariogenicidade dos alimentos, uma vez que produtos que causam uma queda prolongada do pH da placa, levando-o abaixo do valor crítico, que é de, aproximadamente, 5,7, são acidogênicos e têm um potencial cariogênico. Por outro lado, alimentos não acidogênicos não serão considerados cariogênicos [47].
Guloseimas açucaradas tais como balas, biscoitos, frutas secas (passas), refrigerantes, sorvetes e produtos contendo ácidos tais como sucos de frutas produzem queda dramática de pH, algo em torno de 4,0; produtos contendo amidos, tais como pão, flocos de milho, batatas fritas e pipocas levam os valores do pH abaixo de 5,7 [47].
Frutas frescas e verduras cruas tem sido recomendadas como "alimentos detergentes". A queda do pH da placa, após a ingestão de açúcar ou uma sobremesa doce, como pêssegos enlatados em calda, poderia ser grandemente reduzida, se amendoins ou queijos fossem ingeridos logo em seguida [48].
Para prevenir o aparecimento de cáries, é necessário incluir na dieta proteínas, gorduras, verduras, legumes, pois, quando incluídos na alimentação da criança, permitem formação de dentes permanentes fortes e sadios, bem calcificados e resistentes a cárie. Alimentos "limpadores" dos dentes, ou seja, que ajudam a eliminar resíduos de outros alimentos que ficam aderidos aos dentes, como maçã, laranja, pêra, cenoura e frutos carnosos em geral também são benéficos [49].
A alimentação de crianças é influenciada pela família, pela escola e pela mídia, logo muitos esforços devem ser desprendidos buscando-se a inter-relação entre as partes, para que se possa estabelecer uma postura adequada frente à saúde alimentar da criança [50].
Assim, a orientação nutricional deve ser incluída no planejamento de educação em saúde de maneira concreta, enfatizando a importância da prática alimentar no contexto de saúde geral e bucal. As mudanças devem ser estimuladas, sendo a infância a época mais importante para a aprendizagem dos princípios que norteiam a nutrição adequada [51].
CONCLUSÃO
Após revisão da literatura conclui-se que:
- A cárie dentária é uma das doenças de maior incidência na infância e a alimentação tem uma relação direta com sua susceptibilidade;
- Os açúcares, em especial a sacarose, podem causar cárie dentária, e o consumo deste tem inicio precoce e grande frequência ao longo da infância;
- Deficiências nutricionais podem causar defeitos na estrutura dentária, alterar quantidade e qualidade da saliva e, consequentemente, aumentar a susceptibilidade à cárie dentária;
- É importante que os pais tenham conhecimentos sobre os benéficos proporcionados pela amamentação natural, controle da ingestão de açúcar e correta higiene bucal;
- O papel educativo dos pais é o primeiro passo para a obtenção de sucesso na construção de hábitos alimentares e de higiene bucal saudáveis;
- A implementação da educação em saúde bucal e nutrição por meio de programas preventivos pode estabelecer não só hábitos favoráveis quanto à higiene bucal, mas também o estabelecimento de uma dieta alimentar saudável reduzindo assim a incidência de cárie e proporcionando uma condição favorável de saúde geral. E, para que isso aconteça, é importantíssima a integração das áreas afins.
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41. Monte CMG. Monitoring/evaluating health and nutrition programmes in developing countries: Information to whom and for what purpose? Londres: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; 2000.
42. Theilade E, Birkhed D. Dieta e cárie. In: Thystrup A, Fejerskov O. Tratado de cariologia. 1 Ed. Rio de Janeiro: Cultura Médica; 1988. p. 117-54.
43. Rocha CM, Abreu CAAD, Araújo DR, Isaac SZ, Pordeus IA, Paixão HH. Relação dieta/cárie na odontopediatria: uma análise do consumo de sacarose. Arqu Odontol. 1998;34(1):25-31.
44. Lazaro CP et al. Estudo preliminar do potencial cariogênico de preparações doces da merenda escolar através do pH da saliva. Revista de Nutrição 1999;12(3):273-87.
45. Lima CMG, Watanabe MGC, Palha PF. Atenção precoce à saúde bucal: tarefa da equipe de saúde da família. Pediatria 2006;28:191-98.
46. Bezerra ACB, Toledo OA. Nutrição, dieta e cárie. In: Kriger L (ed.) Promoção de saúde bucal. São Paulo: Artes Médicas; 1999. p.45-67.
47. Thylstrup A, Fejerskov O. Tratado de cariologia. Rio de Janeiro: Cultura Médica; 1988. p.117-49.
48. Gueddes DAM. et al. Dieta e carie. In: Thystrup A, Fejerskov O. Tratado de Cariologia. 1. Ed. Rio de janeiro: Cultura Médica; 1988. p.317-19.
49. Salgado MJ. Guia dos funcionais - dieta alimentar. 1. Ed. São Paulo: Ediouro; 2009.
50. Boog MCF. Educação nutricional: passado, presente e futuro. Rev Nutr PUCAMP 1997;10(1):5-19.
51. Castro FAF. et al. Educação nutricional: a importância da prática dietética. Nutrição em Pauta 2002;10(52):915.
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OUTLOOK PLUGIN FOR IDENTITYIQ
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BIRD CALL The
The Newsletter of the Bronx River Sound Shore Audubon Society Serving the communities of Bronxville, Eastchester, Edgemont, Hartsdale, Larchmont, Mamaroneck, Mount Vernon, New Rochelle, Pelham, Scarsdale and Tuckahoe
Migrating Shorebirds at Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge
Story and Photos by Cece Fabbro
The Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge is a great place to visit mid-to-late August to observe migrating shorebirds. I've been doing just that for the past several years not only to photograph the birds but also to try to identify them. As a photographer I find late August to spot, then headed out to the West Pond. As we started down the path an Osprey, fish in talons, flew overhead, landed on a dead tree to the right of us, and commenced
the best time for capturing these birds on film/digital. That's when the juvenile birds—less skittish and more approachable than their adult counterparts—are most abundant and cooperative.
This year, however, I decided to trade my 600mm lens for a spotting scope and pair of binoculars and accompany some Audubon birders to try my hand at identifying some of the more "difficult to identify" shorebirds, i.e. peeps. So, with spotting scopes, binoculars and cameras in tow, we headed out one early hot and
sultry Sunday morning to see what there was to see.
Western Sandpiper
As most avid birders know, Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge is a renowned national and international birding spot. It is also one of the most important urban wildlife refuges in the United States. Its 9,155 acres comprise many diverse habitats including salt marsh, upland fields and woods, several fresh brackish water ponds, and an open expanse of bay and islands. During the last 25 years, more than 325 species have been recorded there. Our destination that day would be the West Pond (45 acres) and the East Pond (100 acres).
We started at the new visitor center to see if there was any news regarding the Baird's Sandpiper we hoped
eating. We watched for awhile then moved on. We soon spotted Great Egrets, Snowy Egrets, a Green Heron, and Black-crowned and Yellowcrowned Night Herons. A Clapper Rail appeared. Glossy Ibis, Laughing, Glaucous, and Herring Gulls flew by overhead. American Oystercatchers, Common and Forster's Terns rested on a spit of land. Double-crested Cormorants sunned themselves. After a time, we headed over to the East Pond in hopes of spotting the Baird's Sandpiper. The day was getting hotter, the breeze had died and the pond water was like glass. We spotted an American Avocet, many Greater and Lesser Yellowlegs, both Short and Long-billed Dowitchers, and two Marble Godwits. Then it was time for a lesson on how to distinguish the differences between all the "peeps". We identified seven different sandpipers including two Baird's and one Buff-
breasted Sandpiper, that spent its time darting back and forth searching for goodies in the grassy/mud flats
Buff-breasted Sandpiper
It was a good day. In all, we spotted 57 species. I came away knowing how to identify at least 15 new species. I also got some good bird shots with my camera and 400mm lens, and learned just how difficult it is to be able to accurately identify shore- birds, especially all those confusing peeps!
Note: Please, everyone, join us for the next field trip to Jamacia Bay Wildlife Reufge on Sunday, Nov. 12th. Call Doug Bloom for more information.
Cece Fabbro is secretary of BRSS
BRSS AUDUBON OFFICERS
PRESIDENT
Doug Bloom 834-5203 (home)
Larchmont 713-0630 (work)
firstname.lastname@example.org
VICE PRESIDENT
Sandra Morrissey 949-2593
Hartsdale email@example.com
TREASURER
Jeff Zuckerman 395-3083
Tuckahoe
firstname.lastname@example.org
SECRETARY
Cece Fabbro
472-6596
email@example.com
Committee Chairman
MEMBERSHIP
Clare Gorman 395-3083
Tuckahoe firstname.lastname@example.org
FIELD TRIPS
Doug Bloom
834-5203
CONSERVATION
Sandra Morrissey 949-2531
NEWSLETTER
Bob Wick 723-1809
Scarsdale email@example.com
PROGRAMS
Michael Bryson 337-0333
Bronxville firstname.lastname@example.org
PUBLICITY
Roz Wood
698-3568
email@example.com
HOSPITALITY
Diane Morrison
725-7351
Scarsdale
Committee Members
Stephen Sherman Webmaster
Field Trips
Andrew Block
Neil Powell*
Field Trips
Karen Shultz* Conservation
Henry May * Publicity
* Denotes Director
DIRECTORS AT LARGE
Sally Holec
Robert Wirsneck
Margaret Phelan
Gisela Vaughan
WEB:
http://brssaudubon.org
Upcoming November Program
Wednesday November 1: Peter Salmansohn, Educational Coordinator Audubon's Seabird Restoration Program and Environmental Educator Constitutional Marsh Audubon Center and Sanctuary, will present a program entitled "Polar Bears of Churchill, Manitoba" at the Bronxville Library. We will start to congregate at 7:00PM with the program starting at 7:30.
Upcoming November and December Field Trips
Sunday November 5: Quaker Ridge Hawk Watch Site, at Greenwich Audbon Center, Greenwich, Ct. Each autumn thousands of broad-winged hawks and 16 other species of hawks, eagles and vultures migrate southwest over the hilltop at the Quaker Ridge Hawk Watch at the Audubon Center in Greenwich, Connecticut. Meet Doug Bloom 8:30 a.m. at Scarsdale Village Hall to carpool over to the hawk watch site. As always, bring binoculars.
Sunday November 12: Jamacia Bay Wildlife Refuge to see waterfowl, shorebirds and late migrants, particularly at West Pond. Meet at the Wildbird Center on Central Avenue in Hartsdale at 8:30 meet up with members of the Central Westchester Audubon and carpool for the all day visit to the Jamacia Bay Wildlife Refuge.
Sunday December 2: Edith G. Read Preserve and Marshlands Conservancy in Rye are two of the top places to bird watch in Westchester County. A wide variety of birds should be seen as we explore the lake, inlets, marshes, shoreline, woods and ponds. An abundance of waterfowl should be on Playland Lake. Rafts of both Lesser and Greater Scaup along with Canvasbacks, should be there. Redheads and Northern Pintails may be present. The rock jetties may hold Ruddy Turnstone and Purple Sandpipers. The sound should hold loons and grebes and the woods may yield Wild Turkey and Red-tailed Hawks. The feeders may hold Fox Sparrow and purple Finch. Together with the Hudson River Audubon Society with will meet at 8 a.m. at Read.
Saturday December 23: Christmas Bird Count Please join in. We always need volunteers. Call Doug Bloom.
Please kindly contact Doug Bloom if you plan to attend any of the above field trips. Call Doug 713-0630 (days) and 834-5203 (evenings). All field trips are free of charge.
David's Island Update
Congresswoman Nita Lowey has secured an additional $9 million for the clean-up of the 78-acre Davids Island adjacent to Glen Island County Park in New Rochelle. The new funding for the FY 2007 (Oct 1, '06 to Sept. 30, '07) comes on top of the previously secured $9.1 million three-year funding for this project. According to Peter Feroe, a spokes-
Welcome New Members
Bronxville: Kimberly Eierman, Elizabeth Jones, Maureen Prochasles, Janet Puckhaber, Barbara Vaccaro, Gary Weir. Eastchester: Joan Coughlin, Leah Lazzaro. Hartsdale: Constance Pierce, Florence Richman, Joanne Tejera . Larchmont – Hilda Demsky, Angelika Leissel, Jerome Rosenfeld. Mamaroneck: Rima Rosenthal, Elizabeth Saenger. Mount Vernon : Eddie Jerido, Linda Murphy. New Rochelle: Curtis Birnbach, Frances Carlin, Patricia Cohen, William Handelman. Pelham: Alice Greene, Robert Lepple. Scarsdale: Mark Babuin, Judith Elkins, Mary Everett, John Hanish, Stanley Janow, Phyllis Jassey, Michael Kutzin, Miriam Popp, Lesley Pottey, Michael Trupp, Herkus Von Letkemann. Tuckahoe: Carolyn McLaughlin.
Long Island Sound Stewardship Act – On its Way to the President
By Al Caccese
Great news from inside the Beltway! The Long Island Sound Stewardship Act, which was first introduced on June 20 th , 2004, passed the House of Representatives on September 28 th and the Senate during the early morning hours of September 30 th , 2006. There has been a remarkable amount of excitement for this bi-state, bi-partisan, and bi-cameral measure, which authorizes $25 million annually through 2011 to protect important recreational and ecological areas around the Sound and to improve access to this nationally significant estuary.
In the House, the bill was championed by the Co-Chairs of the Long Island Congressional Caucus, Representative Robert Simmons from Connecticut and Representative Steve Israel from New York. The entire Connecticut delegation co-sponsored the bill as did the vast majority of the New York delegation. In the Senate, where the bill was previously passed upon unanimous consent in 2004, the bill continued to enjoy the steadfast support of Senators Lieberman, Clinton, Schumer and Dodd.
Additionally, a number of public meetings were held around the Sound to ensure continued public input into the process. In June of 2005, the Subcommittee on Oceans and Fisheries held a field hearing in Groton, Connecticut and based on testimony presented therein the language of the bill was amended in various ways.
In an attempt to achieve consensus, difficult accommodations were made, including one involving underwater lands. It was generally believed however, that although the bill was not perfect, it would still be very, very useful to achieve the upland goals and objectives of the Long Island Sound Stewardship Initiative. The amendments and accommodations resulted in a consensus measure that enabled it to be moved out of the Oceans and Fisheries Subcommittee and ultimately out of the House Resource Committee. For updates on this legislation please visit www.longislandsoundstudy.net/stewardship/
The bill had a number of changes from the initial version. These resulted from numerous meetings and briefings had by Audubon New York, Audubon Connecticut, the Regional Plan Association and Save the Sound with the New York and Connecticut Congressional delegations and with the House Resource Committee during the first half of 2005.
Long Island Sound is a national treasure and, in the view of Audubon New York, we are delighted that the federal government is willing to financially partner with the states and their municipalities for the restoration and protection of this vital resource. You can help us now by writing your Congressional Representatives thanking them for voting on this important measure. For more information contact Sean Mahar at firstname.lastname@example.org.
Al Caccese is the Director of Conservation and Government Relations for Audubon, New York.
Birds do it, plants do it, even human beings do it…
In our part of the world, autumn migrations has been in full swing for many weeks now. From hawks to butterflies, thistles to milkweeds and even "snowbirds," migratory movement surrounds us. It's still not too late to get out and observe the movement. Field trips have been scheduled throughout the autumn. On Sunday, October 8 th , BRSS members were on a field trip to Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge on one of the Atlantic Flyway's most active flight paths. On the New Jersey shore in full view of Atlantic City , 68 species were observed, highlighted by a Golden eagle, Harriers and Perigrine falcons, a Seaside sparrow and many others.
The next migratory species field trip will be on November 5 for a hawk watch at the Quaker Ridge Hawk Watch Site, Greenwich Audbon Center, Greenwich, Ct. Each autumn thousands of broad-winged hawks and 16 other species of hawks, eagles and vultures migrate southwest over the hilltop at the Quaker Ridge Hawk Watch at the Audubon Center in Greenwich, Connecticut. Meet Doug Bloom 8:30 a.m. at Scarsdale Village Hall to carpool over to the hawk watch site. As always, bring binoculars
Photo Courtesy Orlando Hidalgo
Forsters' Terns and Laughing Gulls at Brigantine
Bronx River Sound Shore Audubon Society
(formerly Scarsdale Audubon Society) P. O. Box 1108 Scarsdale, NY 10583
Save precious resources!
Ask to receive this newsletter in full color by e-mail. Send your e-mail address and name to: email@example.com
Canoeing Constitution Marsh With BRSS
An early autumn, Sept. 24th, two-hour interpretive canoe paddle though winding channels lined with cattails and other native plants of the famed Constitution Marsh was led on a gorgeous Sunday afternoon by Eric Lind,
Eric Lind, director of Constitution Marsh Audubon Center and Sanctuary, holds up and talks about the wild rice growing in the marsh. West Point is in the background.
director of Constitution Marsh Audubon Center and Sanctuary. Nine participants on the BRSSsponsored trip observed and learned about the near shore environments of the tidal Hudson, the natural history of the marsh and the surrounding Hudson Highlands. 32 avian species were sighted including an immature bald eagle, black, mallard and wood ducks,
green-winged teal, a northern harrier, red-tail hawks, chimney swifts, turkey vultures, great blue herons and a snipe. In addition, Marsh wren nests, muskrat lodges, bull rushes and stands of wild rice were observed up close.
NON PROFIT ORG US POSTAGE PAID WHITE PLAINS, NY PERMIT NO. 7033
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Judetul/localitatea (*) CARAS-SEVERIN
Primaria (*) ZORLENTU MARE
Numele si prenumele functionarului primarici care primeste comanda (*)
Dima Daniela
Nr.unic de înregistrare a comunicării de acceptare din Registrul de evidenta
Nr. 109/4 din 5.10.2016 (*)
Semnatura functionarului care primește oferta de vânzare (*)
Stimata doamna primar/Stimate domnule primar
1. Responsabil DOPARADU LAURA ANDREEA domiciliata in loc. TIMISOARA
str. TIMIS nr. bl. mc. rt. ap. judetul/secteurul
telefon ,eliberat(a) de SICOLP Timisoara la data CNP/CUI/CIF
in calitate de mandatar conform procură:15.12.11/2016
2. (*) pentru SC FRANKONTA DELTA SRL avand numar de ordine in registrul comertului 131/2740/2016 cod unic de inregistrare 1616800
3. (*) cu sediul in localitatea TIMISOARA str. PETRE ISIPRESCU nr. bl. T22
mc. et. 3 ap. 14 judetul/secteurul TIMIS modul postal ,telefon fax , email , site
Prin prezenta îmi exprim intenția faza de cumpărare și accept oferta de vânzare pentru terenul agricol extravilan în suprafața de 0,1400 ha identificat cu număr cadastral 31060 în cartea funciară nr. 31060 a localității ZORLENTU MARE
firma de PEKINTIU PETRU si anunțat în data de la sediul Primăriei ZORLENTU MARE.
Prețul oferit pentru cumpărare este de 2211,49 lei
În susținerea comunicării de acceptare și a calității de promptor, după următoarele acte doveditoare:
Contract atestat 3/26 din 26/03/2016
Sunt de acord ca datele din comunicarea de acceptare a ofertei de vânzare și din documentele anexate să fie introduse în bazele din date care se organizează în trecutul legii nr.17/2014 privind unele măsuri de reglementare a vânzăril-cumpărării terenurilor agricole situate în extravilan și de modificată a Legii nr. 268/2001 privind privatizarea societăților comerciale ce detin în administrare terenuri proprietate publică și privată a statului cu destinație agricolă și înființarea Agentiei Domeniilor Statului, cu modificările ulterioare cu respectarea dispozițiilor Legii nr. 677/2001 pentru protecția persoanelor cu privire la prelucrarea datelor cu caracter personal și libera circulație a acestor date, cu modificările și completările ulterioare.
Cumascând ca faptul în declarații nu păstrează conform Legii nr. 286/2009 privind Codul penal, cu modificările și completările ulterioare, declar că datele sunt 1uzale, corante și complete.
Promptor potential cumpărător/imputernicitor,
SC FRANKONTA DELTA SRL FELIX PREDAGAT LAURA-ANDREEA
Semnatura
| JUDEȚUL/LOCALITATEA (*) | Nr. unic de înregistrare a comunicării de acceptare din Registrul de evidența |
|-------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CARAS SEVERIN | 112/4 din 6.10.2018 (*) |
| Primăria (*) ZORENTU MARE | Semnătura funcționarului care primește oferta de vânzare |
|---------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
| | |
Numele și prenumele funcționarului primarului care primește cererea (*)
DIMA ANIȚELA
Stimata doamna primar/Stimate domnule primar
1. (**) Bunașteptatul DRANGA VIRGIL-MICODRAG CNP , în calitate de ARENDAS
identificat cu CI seria nr , eliberat(a) de SPECTR Lugoj , data și locul nașterii , localitatea , județul/tara TIMIS/RM
2. (**) cu domiciliul în localitatea LUGOJ str , codul postal , tara
RMANIA telefon , fax , email
cetățenia RUMANIA , statia civila Casatorit
3. (***) reședința în România (dacă este cazul):
localitatea , str , codul postal , tara
județul/sectorul , codul postal , telefon
fax , email
4. (**) Prim , CNP , în calitate de
conform , localitatea , str , codul postal , tara
județul/sectorul , codul postal , telefon
fax , email
Prin prezenta îmi exprim intenția ferma de cumpărare și accept oferta de vânzare pentru terenul agricol extravilan în suprafața de 1,7600 ha identificat cu număr cadastral 134239 , inscripția în cartea funciară nr. 10358 , a localității ZORENTU MARE
înălță de CHEARA GHICHEGE, GOANI DIMITRU și GOANI MARIA
și aflată în data de la sediul Primăriei ZORENTU MARE
Prețul oferit pentru cumpărare este de 3168,00 EUR ( treimilosetăisăcincioghe ) !
În susținerea comunicării de acceptare și a calității de preemptor, depun următoarea acte dovaditoare :
Extrase de Carte Funciară 30158 din / /
contract de aranđa-3/III din 09/07/2018
Sunt de acord ce datele din comunicarea de acceptare a ofertei de vânzare și din documentele anexe să fie introduse în bazele de date care se organizează în temeiul Legii nr.17/2014 privind unele măsuri de reglementare a vânzărilor-cumpărării terenurilor agricole situate în extravilan și de modificarea a Legii nr. 266/2001 privind privatizarea societăților comerciale de nerău în administrare terenuri proprietate publică și private a statului cu destinație agricolă și întreținerea Agenției Românești Statului, nu modificările ulterioare cu respectarea dispozițiilor Legii nr. 677/2001 pentru protecția persoanelor cu privire la prelucrarea datelor cu caracter personal și liberă circulație a acestor date, cu modificările și completările ulterioare.
Cumandând ca făcând în declarații se potdepenze conform Legii nr. 286/2009 privind Codul penal, cu modificările și completările ulterioare, declar că datele sunt reale, corecte și complete.
Preemptor potential cumpărător/impăternicit,
BRANGA VIRGIL-MICODRAG
Semnătura
Date 7.10.2018
NOTE
- Câmpurile notate cu [ ] sunt obligatorii de completat.
Câmpurile notate cu (*** ) se completează de către cetățenii unui stat membru al Uniunii Europene, ai statelor care sunt parte la Acordul privind Spațiul Economic European (ASEE) sau ai Confederațiilor elvețiene.
- Câmpurile notate cu (*** ) se completează dacă este cazul.
1 - copie a BI/CI și/a preceptorului persoana fizică sau o copie a pasaportului pentru preceptorul persoana fizică cu domiciliul în străinătate;
- copii legalizate după documentele justificative care atestă calitatea de preceptor și încadrarea în una dintre categoriile stabilite de lege, respectiv proprietar, erenades sau proprietar vecin, după caz: acte de coproprietate pe terenul agricol supus vânzării, contract de arondă, acte de proprietate ale imobilelor care au notar comun cu terenul supus vânzării, altfel asumate.
| Judetul/localitatea (*) | Nr. unic de înregistrare a comunicării de acceptare din Registrul de evidență |
|------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CARAS-SEVERIN | 113/4 din 5.10.2018 (*) |
| Primăria (*) ZORLENTU MARE | Semnătura funcționarului care primește oferta de vânzare (*) |
|----------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| | |
Stimata doamna primar/Stimate domnule primar
1. (*) Subsemnatul BHANCA VIRGIL MIODRAG, CNP , în calitate de ARENDĂS identificat cu Că. seria nr , eliberată de SPCLER Lugoj , data și locul nașterii , localitatea , județul/sectorul TIMIȘ/RO
2. (*) cu domiciliul în localitatea LUGOJ str nr bl sc et ap județul/sectorul TIMIȘ codul postal LUGOJ ROMANIA telefon fax email cetatenia ROMANA statul civilă Chioarit
3. (*) reședința în România (dacă este cazul):
localitatea str nr bl sc et ap județul/sectorul codul postal telefon fax email
4. (*) Prin , în calitate de conform localitatea str nr bl sc et ap județul/sectorul codul postal telefon
Prin prezența îmi exprim intenția termen de compară și accept oferta de vânzare pentru terenul agricol extravilan în suprafață de 0,1700 ha identificat cu număr cadastral 30134 inscripția în cartea funciară nr. 30134 a localității ZORLENTU MARE făcuta de CHIRIȚA GHEORGHE, GOANI DINCĂ și GOANI MARIA și afișată în data de la sediul Primăriei ZORLENTU MARE
Prețul ofertat pentru compară este de 306,00 EUR / preț/unitate(acest ) 2)
În susținerea comunicării de acceptare și a calității de preemptor, după următoarele acte doveditoare:
Extrase din Cartea Funciară- 30134 din / /
Contract de arendă- 3/111 din 09/07/2018
Sunt de acord ca datele din comunicarea de acceptare a ofertei de vânzare și din documentele anexe să fie introduse în bazele de date care se organizează în temeiul Legii nr.17/2014 privind unele măsuri de reglementare a vânzării comparărilor terenurilor agricole situate în extravilan și de modificare a Legii nr. 268/2001 privind privărirea societăților comerciale ce detin în administrare terenuri proprietate publică și privată a statului cu destinație agricolă și întreținerea Agenției Domeniilor Statului, cu modificările ulterioare cu respectarea dispozițiilor Legii nr. 677/2001 pentru protecția persoanelor cu privire la prelucrarea datelor cu caracter personal și liberă circulație a acestor date, cu modificările și completările ulterioare.
Cunoscând că făcând în declarații se pedepsește conform Legii nr. 286/2009 privind Codul penal, cu modificările și completările ulterioare, declar că datele sunt reale, corecte și complete.
Preemptor potential cumpărător/imputernicit,
BHANCA VIRGIL MIODRAG
Semnătura
NOTE
- Câmpurile notate cu (*) sunt obligatorii de completat.
- Câmpurile notate cu (**) se completaza de catre cetatenii unui stat membru al Uniunii Europene, ai statelor care sunt parte la Acordul privind Spatiul Economic European (ASEE) sau ai Confederatiilor Rivetiene.
- Câmpurile notate cu (***) se completaza daca asta va cazul.
1 copie a BUCI al/s prezentatorului persoana fizica sau o copie a pasaportului pentru prezentatorul persoana fizica cu domiciliul in străinatate;
- copii legalizate dupa documentele justificative care asigura calitatea de proprietar si încadrarea in una dintre categoriile stabilita de lege, respectiv coproprietari, arzandei sau proprietar vechi, dupa cea: acte de impropriectate pe terenul agricol supus vanzarii, contract de arzand, acte de proprietate ale imobililor care au hotar cauzat de terenul supus vanzarii, altcele asemenea.
| Județul/localitatea (*) | Mr.unic de înregistrare a comunicării de acceptare din Registrul de evidență |
|-------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CARAS SEVERIN | 11414 din 5.10.2018 ( ) |
| Primaria (*) ZORLENIU MARE | Semnatura funcționarului care primară ofertă de vânzare |
|----------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
| | |
| Numele și prenumele funcționarului primar care primește notificare (*) |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| SIMA ANIULCA |
Stimata doamna primar/Stimate domnule primar
1. (**) Subsemnatul BRANCA VIRGIL-MIHAI, CNP , în calitate de AGENȚIU identificat cu C.I. seria nr , eliberat(a) de ŞCOLA LUGOLI , data ai locui nasterii , localitatea , județul/tara TIMIŞ/RO
2. (**) cu domiciliul în localitatea LUCUJ str nr bi sc et ap judetul/sectorul TIMIS codul postal tara ROMANIA telefon fax email detenția ROMANA , statia civila Chiriorit
3. (**) președinte în România (daca este cazul):
localitatea str nr ai sc nt ap judetul/sectorul codul postal telefon fax email
4. (**) prin CNP , în calitate de conform localitatea str nr ai sc nt ap judetul/sectorul codul postal telefon fax email
Prin prezenta îmi exprim intenția termen de cumpărare și accept oferta de vânzare pentru terenul acvicol extravilan în suprafața de D,5700 ha identificat cu număr cadastral LAD-207 inscris în cartea fundului nr. 10414, situat la localitatea ZORLENIU MARE
Facuta de GHEARA GEORGHE, GOANI DINCIO si GOANI MARIA
și afișată în data de la sediul Primăriei ZORLENIU MARE
Prețul oferit pentru cumpărare este de 1026,00 EUR ( un mie două zeci și zece euro ) 2)
În susținerea comunicării de acceptare și a calității de președinte, depun următoarele acte dovaditoare:
Extrase de Cartea Fundiară- 30216 din / / Contract de avizare - 3/111 din 09/07/2010
Sunt de acord ca datele din comunicarea de acceptare a ofertei de vânzare și din documentele anexate să fie introduse în bazele de date care au organizarea în temeiul Legii nr.17/2014 privind unele măsuri de reglementare a vânzării-cumpărării tehnurilor agricole situate în extravilan și de modificarea a Legii nr. 268/2001 privind privatizarea societăților comerciale ce dețin în administrare tehnurii proprietate publică și private a statului cu destinație agricolă și înființarea Agenției Domeniilor Statului, cu modificările ulterioare cu respectarea dispozițiilor Legii nr. 677/2001 pentru protecția persoanelor cu privire la prelucrarea datelor cu caracter personal și liberă circulație a acestor date, cu modificările și completările ulterioare.
Cunoștând că falsul în declarații se pedeposește conform Legii nr. 286/2009 privind Codul penal, cu modificările și completările ulterioare, declar că datele sunt reale, corecte și complete.
Președintele potențial cumpărător/impotriviștil,
BRANCA VIRGIL-MIHAI
Semnătură
NOTE
- Câmpurile notate cu (*) sunt obligatoriu de completat.
- Câmpurile notate cu '***' se completează de către cetățenii unui stat membru al Uniunii Europene, al statelor care sunt parte la Acordul privind Spațiul Economic European (ASEE) sau al Confederației Elvețiene.
Câmpurile notate cu '****' se completează dacă este cazul.
I - copie a BI/CI al/a preșmptorului persoane fizice sau o copie a pașaportului pentru preșmptorul persoane fizice cu domiciliu în străinătate;
- copii legalizate după documentele justificative care ateste calitatea de preșmptor al însedraței în una dintre categoriile atribuite de lege, respectiv coproprietar, arendar sau proprietar vecin, după caz; acte de improprietate pe terenul agricol supus vânzării, contract de arendă, acte de proprietate ale imobilelor case au hotăr comunitar terenul supus vânzării, altele asemenea.
| Județul/localitatea (*) | Brăila | Nr. unic de înregistrare a comunicării de acceptare din Registrul de evidență |
|------------------------|--------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CARAS-SEVERIN | 11514 | 6.10.2018* |
| Primărie (*) ZORLENTU MARE | Semnătura funcționarului care primește ofertă de vânzare (*) |
|-----------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| | |
Stimata doamna primar/Stimate domnule primar
1. (*) Subsemnatul BRANCA VIRGIL-MIOTRAG CNP , în calitate de ARENDAS identificat ca CIVICITATEA, nr , eliberat(al) de SPECLEP (lugoj) , data na locul nasterei , localitatea , județul/lara TIMIȘ/RO
2. (*) Locu domiciliul în localitatea LUGOJ str nr bl su et ap judetul/sectorul TIMIȘ codul postal tara RUMANIA telefon fax email cetatenia ROMANA ștarea civila Casatorit
3. (***) Reședința în România (dacă este cazul):
localitatea , str nr bl su et ap judetul/sectorul codul postal telefon fax email
4. (***) Prin , în calitate de conform localitatea str nr bl su et ap judetul/sectorul codul postal telefon fax email
Prin prezenta îmi exprim intenția formă de cumpărare și accept ofertă de vânzare pentru terenul agricol extraviat în suprafața de 0,4400 ha identificat cu număr cadastral GRD:192 inscripționat în cartea funcțională nr. 30136 a localității ZORLENTU MARE raduită de CHIRIANA GHEORGHE, GOANI DIMITRU și GOANI MARIA și afișată la data de la sediul Primăriei ZORLENTU MARE.
Pretul oferit pentru cumpărare este de 782,00 EUR / saptămână/emplacător ( )
În susținerea comunicării de acceptare și a calității de preșumptor, depun următoarele acte dovaditoare:
Extran de Carte Funcțională 30136 din / /
Contract de arendă- 3/11 din 09/07/2018
Sunt de acord că datele din comunicarea de acceptare a ofertei de vânzare și din documentele anexate să fie introduse în baza de date care se organizează în Lemnul Legii nr.17/2014 privind unicele măsuri de reglementare a vânzării-cumpărării terenurilor agricole situate în extraviat și de modificare a Legii nr. 268/2001 privind privatizarea societăților comerciale de stat în administrare terenuri proprietate publică și privata a statului cu destinație agricolă și înființarea Agentiei Domeniilor Statului, cu modificările ulterioare, cu respectarea dispozițiilor Legii nr. 677/2001 pentru protecția persoanelor cu privire la protejarea datelor cu caracter personal și liberă circulație a acestor date, cu modificările și completările ulterioare.
Cunoștința că falsul în declarații se pedepsește conform Legii nr. 286/2009 privind Codul penal, cu modificările și completările ulterioare, declar că datele sunt reale, corante și complete.
Preșumptor potențial cumpărător/imputernicit,
BRANCA VIRGIL-MIOTRAG
Semnătură
NOTE
- Câmpurile notate cu (*) sunt obligatoriu de completat.
- Câmpurile notate cu "!!" se completează de către cetățenii unui stat membru al Uniunii Europene, ai statelor care sunt parte la Acordul privind Spatiul Economic European (ASEE) sau ai Confederației Elvețiene.
- Câmpurile notate cu ("**") se completează dacă este cazul.
1 - copia a BI/ID AI/a preșumtorului persoane fizica sau o copie a pașapoartului pentru preșumptorul persoana fizică cu domiciliul în străinătate;
- copii legalizate după documentele justificative care stesta calificată de preșumptor și încadrarea în una dintre categoriile stabilită de lege, respectiv exproprietar, arondă sau proprietar vecin, după caz: acte de expropriatia pe terenul agricol sau/sau vânzării, concursul de arondă, acte de proprietate ale imobilului care se hotără comunității terenului sau/sau vânzării, altcele asemenea.
| Judetul/localitatea (*) | Nr. unic de înregistrare a comunicării de acceptare din Registrul de evidența |
|-------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CARAS-SEVERIN | 116/4 din 5.10.2018 (*) |
| Primăria (*) ZORLENTU MARE | Semnătura functionarului care primește oferta de vânzare (*) |
|----------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| | |
Stimata doamna primar/Stimate domnule primar
1. (**) Subsemnatul BRANGA VIRGIL MIODRAG, CNP , în calitate de ARENDEAS
Identificat cu CIP seria nr , eliberat(a) de SRI LUGOJ , data și locul nașterii , localitatea , județul/raion TIMIS/RU
2. (**) cu domiciliul în localitatea LUGOJ str , nr , bl , et , op județul/sectorul TIMIS , codul postal , țara ROMÂNIA
Telefons Fax email
cetatenie ROMÂNĂ , starea civilă Casatorit
3. (***) reședința în România dacă este cazul:
localitatea , str , nr , bl , et , op județul/sectorul , codul postal , telefon
fax , email
4. (***) Prim , CNP , în calitate de
conform localitatea , str , nr , bl , et , op județul/sectorul , codul postal , telefon
fax , email.
Prin prezenta îmi exprim intenția fără de cumpărare și accept oferta de vânzare pentru terenul agricol extravilan în suprafața de 0,2800 ha identificat cu număr cadastral 14337 inscripționat în cartea funciară nr. 30477 a localității ZORLENTU MARE
facultă de GHIBARA GHEORGHE și GHIBARA LAURA
și afișată în data de la sediul Primăriei ZORLENTU MARE
Prețul oferit pentru cumpărare este de 504,00 EUR (cinci sute patruzece lei)
în susținerea comunicării de acceptare și a calității de preemptor, depun următoarele acte dovaditorii:
Extrase din Cartea Funciară 30477 din / /
Contract de arenă 3/113 din 04/01/2018
Sunt de acord să datele din comunicarea de acceptare a ofertei de vânzare și din documentele anexate să fie introduse în bazele de date care se organizează în temeiul Legii nr.17/2014 privind unele măsuri de reglementare a vânzării-cumpărării terenurilor agricole situate în extravilan și de modificare a Legii nr. 268/2001 privind privatizarea societăților comerciale ce dețin în administrare terenuri proprietate publică și private a statului cu destinație agricolă și înființarea Agentiei Domeniilor Statului, cu modificările ulterioare cu respectarea dispozițiilor Legii nr. 677/2001 pentru protecția persoanelor cu privire la prelucrarea datelor cu caracter personal și liberă circulație a acestor date, cu modificările și completările ulterioare.
Cunoștin că toate în declarații se pedepsesc conform Legii nr. 286/2009 privind Codul penal, cu modificările și completările ulterioare, deci ca datele sunt reală, corecte și complete.
Preemptor potential comparător/impunericit,
BRANGA VIRGIL MIODRAG
Semnătura
NOTE
- Câmpurile notate cu (*) sunt obligatoriu să fie completate.
- Câmpurile notate cu (**) se completează dacă cetățenii unui stat membru al Uniunii Europene, al statelor care sunt parte la Acordul privind Spațiul Economic European (ASEE) sau ai Confederației Elvețiene.
- Câmpurile notate cu (***) se completează dacă este cazul.
1 - copie a BI/CI al/a preșumtorului persoane fizice sau o copie a pașapoartului pentru preșumtorul persoanei fizice cu domiciliul în străinătate;
- copii legalizate după documentele justificative care atestă calitatea de preșumtor și încadrarea în una dintre categoriile stabilite de lege, respectiv proprietar, arădăres sau proprietar vecin, după caz; acte de proprietate pe terenul agricol supus vânzării, contract de arădire, acte de proprietate ale imobilelor care au fost arădate cu terenul supus vânzării, altele asemenea.
| Judetul/localitatea (*) | Nr. unic de înregistrare a comunicării de achiziție din Registrul de evidență |
|------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CARAS SEVERIN | 114/7 din 5.10.2018 (*) |
| Primaria (*) ZORLENTU MARE | Semnatura funcționarului care primește oferta de vânzare (*) |
|-----------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
| | |
| Numele și prenumele funcționarului primariei care primește comanda (*) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| DRANCA DAXIELA |
Stimata doamna primar/Stimate domnule primar
1. (*) Subsemnatul DRANCA VIRGIL-MIODRAG CNP , in calitate de ARENDAS identificat cu CF seria nr , clasa/cla de SPECERI Lugoj , data si locul nasterei , localitatea , judetul/tara TIMIS/RO
2. (*) cu domiciliu în localitatea LUCOJ , judetul/sectorul TIMIS str , nr , bl , sc , et , ap , judetul/sectorul , codul postal , tara ROMANIA telefon , fax , email cetatenia ROMANIA , starea civila CASATORIT
3. (**) reședința în România (dacă este cazul) :
localitatea , judetul/sectorul , codul postal , telefon , fax , email
4. (**) prin , CNP , in calitate de conform , localitatea , judetul/sectorul , codul postal , telefon , fax , email
Prin prezenta îmi exprim intenția forma de cumpărare și accept oferta de vânzare pentru terenul agricol extravilan în suprafața de 0,4200 ha identificat cu număr contractal CAD:348 , inscris în cartea funcțiilor nr 30474 a localității ZORLENTU MARE , făcute de GHEARA GHORGHIE și GHEARA LAURA și atrăsă în data de la sediul Primăriei ZORLENTU MARE.
Pretul oferit pentru cumpărare este de 756,00 EUR ( zecelestezechsaiseseasease ) 2) 344 lei (treisprezecezecișiouăsăptezece ) 3) lei
În susținerea comunicării de achiziție și a calității de preemptor, depun următoarele note dovaditorii :
Extras de Carte Funcțională 30474 din / /
Contract de arendă- 3/113 din 09/07/2010
Sunt de acord ca datele din comunicarea de acceptare a ofertei de vânzare și din documentele anexe să fie introduse în bazele de date care se organizează în temeiul Legii nr.17/2014 privind unica măsură de reglementare a vânzării-cumpărării terenurilor agricole situate în extravilan și de modificare a Legii nr. 266/2001 privind privatizarea societăților comerciale ce detin în administrare terenuri proprietate publică și private a statului cu destinație agricolă și înființarea Agentiei Domeniilor Statului, cu modificările ulterioare cu responsarea dispozițiilor Legii nr. 677/2001 pentru protecția persoanelor cu privire la prelucrarea datelor cu caracter personal și libera circulație a acestor date, cu modificările și completările ulterioare.
Cunoștința că falsul în declarații nu îndeplinește conform Legii nr. 286/2009 privind Codul penal, cu modificările și completările ulterioare, doar ca datele sunt reale, coracate și complete.
Preemptor potential cumpărător/Impărtășnic,
DRANCA VIRGIL-MIODRAG
Semnatura ____________________________
Data 15.10.2018
NOTE
- Campurile notate cu (*) sunt obligatorii de completat.
- Campurile notate cu (**) se completeaza de catre catre catre unui stat membru al Uniunii Europene, si totodată daca sunt parte la Acordul privind Spatiul Economic European (ASEE) sau ai Confederației Elvețiene.
- Campurile notate cu (***) se completeaza daca este cazul.
1 - copie a B/VI al/e preemptionului persoane fizica sau o copie a passportului pentru preemptionul persoana fizica din domiciliul în străinătate;
copiile legalizate dupa documentele justificative care atesta calitatea de preceptor si înscrierile in una dintre categoriile imobile de loco, raspand la coproprietar, arenda sau proprietar vecin, dupa cer: acte de coproprietate pe terenul supus vânzării, contract de arondă, acte de proprietate ale imobilului care au hotar comun cu terenul supus vânzării, altele asamblate.
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AUS DER PRAXIS – FÜR DIE PRAXIS
EINLADUNG
12. Chiemgauer Fortbildung für Medizinische Fachangestellte und Pflegekräfte in der Onkologie
21. Mai 2022 9:30–16:30 Uhr
Hotel Gut Ising
Liebe onkologische Fachangestellte, liebe Gäste,
wir finden, es sieht gut aus, im dritten Anlauf gelingt es:
Ganz herzlich laden wir Sie ein zur 12. Präsenz-Fortbildung unserer Reihe. Dafür haben wir die Veranstaltung in eine geeignete Jahreszeit verschoben.
Wir bitten Sie um Befolgung der 2G- oder 2G-plus-Regelung und um das Tragen einer FFP2-Maske. Kurz vor der Veranstaltung werden wir Sie über die aktuellsten Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen informieren.
Inhaltlich möchten wir Ihnen aus der Umgebung einiger neuer, moderner Therapieformen berichten. Zum einen soll es um orale Tumortherapien gehen, zum anderen um Antikörper-Drug-Konjugate. Zweiter Schwerpunkt ist das Leben mit Einschränkungen, die Wiedereingliederung aus einer länger dauernden Krankheitssituation und die Wiederherstellung eines gut machbaren Alltagslebens. Abschließend stehen Gedanken über die Angst, die manche unserer Patientinnen und Patienten und oft genug auch uns umtreiben.
Ihnen allen bis dahin eine gute Zeit und dann einen schönen, gelungenen Frühlingstag mit gutem Austausch.
Ihr/Ihre
Dr. med. Christoph Jung Facharzt für Hämatologie, Internistische Onkologie und Palliativmedizin
Sonja Stamm Senior Medical Scientist Onkologie
Bei Interesse an der Teilnahme senden Sie bitte das beiliegende Anmeldeformular bis zum 10. Mai 2022 an: E-Mail: email@example.com ODERFax: 0861/70 87 931
9:30–10:30
| 13:00–14:00 | Mittagessen |
|---|---|
| 14:00–15:00 Antikörper-Drug-Konjugate Sonja Stamm (ADCs) – eine neue Therapie option beim Mammakarzinom Tipps zum Therapie- & Neben- wirkungsmanagement für Ihre Patientinnen und Patienten | |
| 15:00–15:30 | Kaffeepause |
Management oraler
Dr. Ursula
Referentinnen und Referenten
Dr. med. Ursula Kronawitter
Dr. med. Klaus Eberl
Chefarzt Onkologie, Klinik Alpenland,
Bad Reichenhall
Christiane Jung
Trainerin für Kommunikation & Rhetorik,
Integrationsfachberaterin
Dr. med. Christoph Jung Facharzt für Hämatologie, Internistische Onkologie und Palliativmedizin, Traunstein
Fachärztin für Hämatologie, Internistische
Onkologie und Palliativmedizin, Traunstein
Sonja Stamm
Senior Medical Scientist Onkologie
Gilead Sciences GmbH
WEITERE INFORMATIONEN
Veranstalter
Gilead Sciences GmbH Fraunhoferstraße 17 82152 Martinsried bei München
Kooperationspartner
Information und Organisation
Sonja Stamm
Mobil: +49 152 / 59 21 70 49
E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
Veranstaltungsort
Hotel Gut Ising Kirchberg 3, 83339 Chieming
Tel.: +49 8667 79-0,
E-Mail: email@example.com
www.gut-ising.de
Anreise mit dem Pkw: Von der A8 kommend bei Ausfahrt Nr. 109 Grabenstätt Kreisverkehr Richtung Chieming 3. Ausfahrt. Durchfahrt durch Chieming, Kreisverkehr 3. Ausfahrt Richtung Ising/Seebruck. Folgen Sie der Hauptstraße und biegen Sie dann rechts Richtung Kirchberg/Gut Ising ab. Danach ca. 500 m geradeaus, dann rechts in Kirchberg einbiegen und der Ausschilderung „Hotel" folgen.
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DESEMPEÑO MEDIO AMBIENTAL MONTAXES ELÉCTRICOS NOROESTE, S.L
MONTAXES ELÉCTRICAS NOROESTE, S.L
Tiene implantado un Sistema Integrado de Gestión según las normas UNE EN ISO 9001, UNE EN ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001.
Este sistema se ha implantado para conseguir una prestación de servicios con la calidad requerida, asegurando una actuación respetuosa con el medio ambiente y de esta forma consiguiendo la satisfacción del cliente y de las partes interesadas y la consecución de los objetivos de la Política del Sistema de Gestión.
Las actividades que se llevan a cabo en MONTAXES ELÉCTRICAS NOROESTE, S.L para la mejora de su desempeño ambiental son:
i. Revisión del Cumplimiento de la legislación Ambiental. Periódicamente se hace una revisión del cumplimiento de los requisitos legales en materia medio ambiental. Esto nos sirve para comprobar el cumplimiento de los requisitos identificados y la incorporación de nueva legislación publicada en esta materia
ii. Objetivos medio ambientales. Como objetivo medio ambiental para el año 2019 nos hemos propuesto la mejora del aspecto ambiental relacionado con el consumo de combustible y el consumo de papel.
MONTAXES ELÉCTRICAS NOROESTE, S.L cuenta con un procedimiento establecido a través del cual se identifican y evalúan los aspectos medio ambientales reales y potenciales. A través de este análisis, se identifican aquellos aspectos que la empresa considera significativos, y es sobre estos aspectos sobre los que se centra su desempeño ambiental:
i. RESIDUOS. Durante el año 2018 se han gestionado los residuos a través de gestores autorizados o bien a través de la recogida municipal (residuos asimilables a domésticos)
ii. CONSUMO DE RECURSOS: MONTAXES ELÉCTRICAS NOROESTE, S.L ha establecido controles mediante indicadores de consumo de agua, papel, tóner / tinta, combustible y electricidad.
iii. EMISIONES ATMOSFÉRICAS: MONTAXES ELÉCTRICAS, S.L no dispone de equipos especialmente contaminantes cuyas emisiones sea necesario controlar, más allá de los propios controles legales.
iv. CONTROL DE VERTIDOS: Los vertidos procedentes de nuestra actividad son asimilables a los domésticos, y se incorporan a la red de saneamiento municipal.
v. CONTAMINACIÓN DE SUELOS: No se ha producido en el último año ningún tipo de contaminación.
vi. ACCIDENTES MEDIO AMBIENTALES / EMERGENCIAS: No se tiene conocimiento de haberse producido ningún tipo de accidente ambiental o incidencia. Además, la organización dispone de un plan de emergencias.
El desempeño Ambiental de MONTAXES ELÉCTRICAS NOROESTE, S.L, es correcto, aunque se debe seguir incidiendo en determinadas cuestiones para seguir mejorando
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Ritual provides a place to contain pain
by Bill Tammeus
© 2004 Kansas City Star, reprinted with permission, www.kansascity.com
DENNIS, Mass. - Zealous wind off Nantucket Sound shoves its way across the sand of Earle Road Beach here, causing the minister's white robe and green stole to ripple and twist.
This wedding, it occurs to me, is why we have ritual, tradition, repeatable liturgy. Dependable ceremony was invented especially for hard and wonderful times like this. It helps us know a little of what to expect when everything seems loose, in play and eager to ambush our wounded but hopeful hearts with wild emotions.
The bride today is Haven, the widow of my nephew Karleton. Almost three years ago terrorists killed Karleton and so many others by slamming the plane he was riding into the World Trade Center on Sept. 11, 2001.
It has been an astonishing time, full of grief over the loss of Karleton but with joy over the birth of Karelton's and Haven's second son eight months after 9/11. It also has been full of hope for Haven's healing and, finally, of the bittersweet but joyful acceptance of the fact that she would marry Dan, whose own sister lost her husband at the World Trade Center that malevolent day.
Today we have gathered under bright Cape Cod skies to embrace the new couple - new family and to wish them well as they move into a future that we and they know offers no guarantees. And as we witness the ceremony, I'm glad that religion provides the comfort of form, of known words, of boundaries within which both our pain and our joy can find expression but be contained.
One of the first things the minister says is that both Dan and Haven want all of us to observe a moment of silence to remember and honor the ones we have loved so much but who are now gone. As we do that, seagulls hover overheard in the swift air and waves detonate on the sand. Still, we move inside that rumbling, restless silence and offer thanks for the ones we've lost thanks still colored by a deep desire to shout, "Damn! Damn! Damn!"
The vows, the rings, the music, the homily, the kiss - all of it is choreographed so as not to alarm anyone with unwelcome surprises. My sister and her husband - Karleton's parents, Barbara and Jim - are sitting next to my wife and me, and I know they are grateful for the role ritual is playing today.
"The older I get, the more tradition I want," Barb told me not long ago.
So even though it will be hard, we will follow the family tradition and sing made-up songs - one silly, one serious - to Dan and Haven at their wedding reception. This will be the 11th time my sisters and our families have done such goofy singing at family weddings (it started when Karleton and Haven were married), and Haven insisted it wouldn't be a true wedding without it.
So we are gathered this weekend to talk, laugh, hug and sing our songs. All of this is liturgy (which literally means the work of the people), and it has to do with sacrament, an outer sign of some inner meaning, but a sign that brings about what it signifies.
The meaning for us is that even though Karleton's life has ended, ours hasn't, Haven's hasn't, their sons Jackson's and Parker's haven't. So, like other 9/11 families, we will set our faces to the future and, using ceremony, tradition, ritual and the liturgy of ordinary time, will make new lives for ourselves.
It's not that any of us can - or ever would - forget Karleton. Rather, it's that we know we are powerless to undo his death. If we wallow in this biting, awful loss, we would dishonor Karleton's lively, loving, exploratory spirit that was always eager to see what both the moment at hand and tomorrow might offer.
So we have come to rest our souls in the promise and comfort of ritual and tradition. It is how people get through birth, through worship, through marriage and the passages of aging, through death and the creation of lives without people who have died.
Sometimes ritual - especially the religious variety - becomes empty and meaningless, rote and without the pulsing vitality and rhythm that first gave it life.
But at its best, ceremony and tradition can carry us through the narrow channels that our hearts fear to enter. Which is how we are able to surround Dan and Haven with love today and help launch them on a new journey that will keep them connected to our lives.
If ritual can't help a family reconstitute itself, it is like salt that has lost its savor and must be thrown out and trampled under foot.
|
<urn:uuid:ab96e602-d90f-4039-a896-dff1bba7ca03>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
eng_Latn
| 4,510
|
ACTIVIDADES COMPLEMENTARIAS
Rocódromo, Fun Beach, Zumba, Actividades Acuáticas Recreativas y... ¡¡¡mucho más!!!
DIAS ESPECIALES
Viernes 26/06: Visita cultural a Torre y Faro de Mesa Roldán (Carboneras) Caminata a Cargadero de Mineral de Agua Amarga.
Domingo 28/06
Jornada de puertas abiertas. Los padres podrán acceder a ver lo que los menores han aprendido.
I CAMPUS DE NATACIÓN
Del 24 al 30 de junio
PATROCINADORES:
ORGANIZA:
GRUPO NEXÁ
Alojamiento
Apartamentos Best Pueblo Indalo ***
Paseo Mediterráneo 233
04638. Mojácar
Tlf: 950 478 376
Transporte
La empresa dispondrá de autobuses para el traslado desde Almería a Mojácar y regreso:
8:30h: Rotonda del Parador
Parada de Bus bajo Mc’Donalds
9:00h: Estadio del Mediterráneo
Parking del estadio, junto a taquillas de preferencia.
Instalaciones
Piscina Cubierta Municipal de Mojácar
Información, inscripciones y pagos
GRUPO NEXA
Tlf: 648 005 246 de 9:00 a 14:00h
Información e inscripciones en:
www.gruponexa.es
Campus completo 350€
Campus sin alojamiento 180€
Descuento en la inscripción para tercer hermano
Participantes
- Deportistas de 8 a 15 años.
- Seguimiento 24horas: cada entrenador tutela un grupo de 12 alumnos como máximo.
- Grupo de monitores que se responsabiliza de la alimentación, el aseo y el descanso.
- Grupo de monitores expertos en Actividades Complementarias
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<urn:uuid:5c9f2f5c-d3a2-4740-a440-e7f935993d9c>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/spa_Latn/train
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finepdfs
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spa_Latn
| 1,358
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Au-delà
Une rencontre Jean Klépal – Alain Sagault
À l'été 2017 Alain Sagault est venu à Marseille.
Comme à l'accoutumée il tenait avec lui une série d'aquarelles récentes.
Regards partagés, échanges nourris, un prolongement est très vite apparu indispensable à la poursuite du dialogue.
Il est clair que les réalisations en cours marquent une étape de la recherche acharnée à laquelle Alain se livre depuis près de quinze ans.
Il y a du Morandi dans la démarche quasi obsessionnelle qui l'anime.
La très délicate légèreté à laquelle il parvient désormais suggère l'approche progressive de l'essentiel.
La chimère fascine, elle nous implique de manière absolue.
Nous sommes confrontés à l'évidence, aucune dérobade n'est permise.
Quinze aquarelles, les plus significatives, suscitent des résonances intimes engendrées au fil de l'échange.
i
Totalement abasourdi
Tout est là Hors de tout Bienheureux mystère de l'existant Fascination de l'ultime Lâcher prise Se perdre dans l'infini Aucun retour une fois franchie la ligne d'horizon ii
La touche se fait légère Nacrée
Douceur et puissance alliées
Cézanne aussi se contentait d'évoquer
Discrétion
La note cristalline d'un triangle atteste du silence iii
C'est déjà là
depuis toujours
C'est comme ça à jamais
Temps sans limite Nous portons l'éternité
Alors habiter l'instant
Cueillez dès aujourd'hui...
iv
Fulgurance de l'émotion
Des traces des histoires probables bien au-delà
L'éclair illumine toutes choses...
v
Nos images anciennes demeurent
Souvenirs dénudés des choses de l'enfance
C'était bien Ça qui revient réconforte
L'instant incessant nous fonde
D'une élégance pure et légère, il faut négocier sans cesse avec l'aquarelle Elle requiert la subtilité Elle exige d'être honorée et servie
Désert richesse absolue
Crier en silence Vivre l'instant
Lumière Évanescence Le peu
Tout est en place
Que pourrait-il advenir ?
E pur, si muove
Voir permet d'écouter Il y a toujours un au-delà invisible inconnaissable en perpétuel changement
Immensité de la lumière
Incroyable réalité d'une vision
Écrire totalement désemparé Tenter de fixer le moment d'éternité
Le bout du chemin pour s'élancer Griserie du départ Prêt pour l'envol
Ouverture pour un allegro final
Finis terrae
Ici finit la terre Elle s'inscrit dans le Grand Tout
Évocation L'émotion sollicite la mémoire
À Varengeville, George Braque voulut se mettre à l'unisson de la nature Une peinture solide et dense pour dire la fusion terminale
Du pays de Caux à la baie de Wissant l'écart de deux manières
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<urn:uuid:aa391da3-ee0d-4140-a388-aebf5ac72a72>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/fra_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
fra_Latn
| 2,735
|
Pour valider le Master 1 PM1-PM2, le candidat doit obtenir 10/20 de moyenne au Stage et 10/20 de moyenne sur les autres épreuves réunies
|
<urn:uuid:b7c3aee1-5bb9-4573-b44c-4c2e2c380df4>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/fra_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
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fra_Latn
| 136
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Latino Health Council
Join Zoom Meeting
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/84687507802
March 18, 2021
9:30-11:30
0. Meditation exercise
1. Introductions/checking in
2. Minutes (approval/corrections)
3. Announcements
4. Old business:
-COVID updates: DHS Grant application
-Membership agreement/fee
5. New business:
-CAC presentation
-RITF presentation
Meeting adjourned
Next meeting:
April 22, 2021
Presenter:
PH Madison/UW health
Minutes:
Anne Plesh
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<urn:uuid:4725483f-1251-4431-80d9-84512b09f8e0>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train
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finepdfs
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eng_Latn
| 456
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Szociális ügyek
1. Rendkívüli települési támogatás
Ügyleírás: Rendkívüli települési támogatásban részesíthető az a személy, aki létfenntartást veszélyeztető rendkívüli élethelyzetbe került, valamint időszakosan vagy tartósan létfenntartási gonddal küzd az önkormányzat képviselő-testületének rendeletében meghatározott feltételek teljesülése esetén.
Szükséges okiratok:
- a kérelmező személyazonosító igazolványának, lakcímkártyájának és TAJ-kártyájának bemutatása; vele együtt élő közeli hozzátartozói esetén lakcímkártya és TAJ-kártya bemutatása
- a kérelmező és közeli hozzátartozói havonta rendszeresen mérhető jövedelmeinél a kérelem benyújtását megelőző hónap jövedelméről, a nem havi rendszerességgel szerzett, illetve vállalkozásból, őstermelésből származó jövedelem esetén a kérelem benyújtásának hónapját közvetlenül megelőző tizenkét hónap alatt szerzett jövedelem egyhavi átlagáról szóló igazolás;
- a létfenntartást veszélyeztető rendkívüli élethelyzet, illetve időszakosan bekövetkező vagy tartós létfenntartási gond fennállását igazoló dokumentum
- temetési segély esetén az elhalt személy lakóhelyét igazoló dokumentum, a halotti anyakönyvi kivonat másolata, valamint a kérelmező nevére szóló, az eltemettetést igazoló számlák eredeti példánya
- egyszeri segély esetén a gyógyszer, gyógyászati segédeszköz költségét igazoló számla
Ügyintézés helye, elérhetősége és rendje:
Kisújszállás, Szabadság tér 1. földszint 14. szoba
Tel: 59/520-248
E-mail: email@example.com
hétfő:
7.30-12.00 és 13.00-17.00 óráig
kedd:
nincs ügyfélfogadás
szerda: 8.00-12.00 és 13.00-16.30 óráig
csütörtök: 8.00-12.00 és 13.00-17.00 óráig
péntek: 8.00-12.00 óráig
Ügyintézési idő:
8 nap
Ügyintézés díja:
költség- és illetékmentes
Az alkalmazott jogszabályok:
A szociális igazgatásról és szociális ellátásokról szóló 1993. évi III. törvény A pénzbeli és természetbeni szociális ellátások igénylésének és megállapításának, valamint folyósításának részletes szabályairól szóló 63/2006. (III.27.) Kormányrendelet Kisújszállás Város Önkormányzata Képviselő-testületének a szociális és gyermekvédelmi támogatásokról szóló 8/2015. (II. 27.) önkormányzati rendelete
Egyéb fontos tudnivalók
Jogosultság feltételei:
- a családban az egy főre jutó havi jövedelem nem haladhatja meg a 37. 050 forintot
- egyedül élő személy esetén a kérelmező havi jövedelme nem haladhatja meg a 42.750 forintot
Rendkívüli egészségügyi támogatás esetében:
- a családban az egy főre jutó jövedelem nem haladhatja meg a 150.000 forintot
- egyedül élő személy jövedelme nem haladhatja meg a 200.000 forintot
A rendkívüli települési támogatás fajtái:
1./ Egyszeri segély a közgyógyellátásra nem jogosult, valamint az igazoltan egyszeri esetben alkalmazott, legalább 5.000 Ft összértékű gyógyszert használó részére gyógyszer, továbbá gyógyászati segédeszköz vásárlásához nyújtott támogatás.
2./ Az időszaki támogatás a jövedelem pótlására, kiegészítésére biztosított ellátás, azon nagykorú személyek részére, akik a korábban részükre folyósított rendszeres pénzellátás folyósításának megszüntetése miatt, átmenetileg vagy tartósan létfenntartási gonddal küzdenek.
3./ A rendkívüli segély élet, testi épség veszélye esetén annak elhárításához szükséges támogatás.
4./ A temetési segély a halála időpontjában Kisújszállás város közigazgatási területén lakó-, vagy tartózkodási hellyel rendelkező elhunyt eltemettetéséhez nyújtott támogatás.
5./ A rendkívüli gyermekvédelmi támogatás a gyermeket gondozó család részére nyújtott támogatás időszakos létfenntartási gond, vagy létfenntartást veszélyeztető rendkívüli élethelyzet esetén.
6./A rendkívüli egészségügyi támogatás az egészségbiztosítási pénztár által támogatott, külföldön igénybe vett gyógykezelésben részesülő számára nyújtott támogatás.
Az önkormányzati segély utólagos elszámolási kötelezettséggel is nyújtható. Ha az ellátott elszámolási kötelezettségének nem tesz eleget, a támogatásra a jogosulatlanul felvett ellátásra vonatkozó szabályokat kell alkalmazni.
2. Méltányossági közgyógyellátás továbbfolyósítása
Ügyleírás: a szociálisan rászorult személy részére az egészségi állapota megőrzéséhez és helyreállításához kapcsolódó kiadásainak csökkentése érdekében biztosított hozzájárulás azoknak a személyek számára, akik 2015. február 28-án méltányossági közgyógyellátásban részesültek. Az ellátásra jogosult a támogatást az általa megjelölt, Kisújszállás közigazgatási területén működő gyógyszertárban veheti igénybe, havonta a megállapított keret összegéig.
Szükséges okiratok:
- a kérelmező személyazonosító igazolványának, lakcímkártyájának és TAJ-kártyájának bemutatása;
- a kérelmező és közeli hozzátartozói havonta rendszeresen mérhető jövedelmeinél a kérelem benyújtását megelőző hónap jövedelméről, a nem havi rendszerességgel szerzett, illetve
vállalkozásból, őstermelésből származó jövedelem esetén a kérelem benyújtásának hónapját közvetlenül megelőző tizenkét hónap alatt szerzett jövedelem egyhavi átlagáról szóló igazolás;
- a járási hivatal által kiállított, 3 hónapnál nem régebbi határozat arra vonatkozóan, hogy a kérelmező alanyi, vagy normatív jogcímen közgyógyellátásra jogosult-e
Ügyintézés helye, elérhetősége és rendje:
Kisújszállás, Szabadság tér 1. földszint 14. szoba
Tel: 59/520-248
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
hétfő:
7.30-12.00 és 13.00-17.00 óráig
kedd:
nincs ügyfélfogadás
szerda: 8.00-12.00 és 13.00-16.30 óráig
csütörtök: 8:00-12:00 és 13:00-17:00 óráig
péntek: 8.00-12.00 - óráig
Ügyintézés határideje: 8 nap
Ügyintézés díja: költség- és illetékmentes
Az alkalmazott jogszabályok:
A szociális és gyermekvédelmi ellátások helyi szabályairól szóló 8/2015. (II. 27.) önkormányzati rendelet
Egyéb fontos tudnivalók
Méltányossági közgyógyellátásra való jogosultság csak abban az esetben állapítható meg, ha a kérelmező alanyi vagy normatív jogcímen nem jogosult az ellátásra. Az alanyi és a normatív közgyógyellátásra való jogosultságról a járási hivatal dönt.
Az ellátás határozatlan időre kerül megállapításra azzal, hogy a jogosultság feltételeit a döntéshozó szerv évente november 30. és december 31. között felülvizsgálja.
Méltányossági közgyógyellátás továbbfolyósítása esetén a jogosultság feltételei:
- a kérelmező alanyi vagy normatív közgyógyellátásra nem jogosult
- a kérelmező családjában az egy főre jutó havi jövedelem nem haladhatja meg a 42.750 forintot
- egyedül élő személy esetén a havi jövedelem nem haladhatja meg az 57.000 forintot
- 75 év felettiek esetén a jövedelemhatár 25 %-kal magasabb (családos esetén 53.438 Ft, egyedül élő esetén 71.250 Ft)
3. Közszolgáltatások díjának támogatása
Ügyleírás: A közszolgáltatások díjának támogatása a szociálisan rászoruló háztartások részére a háztartás tagjai által lakott lakás vagy nem lakás céljára szolgáló helyiség fenntartásával kapcsolatos rendszeres kiadásaik viseléséhez természetbeni ellátásként nyújtott hozzájárulás. Elsősorban a lakásfenntartással összefüggő azon rendszeres kiadásokhoz ad támogatást, amelyek biztosítása a települési önkormányzat kötelező feladata.
Szükséges okiratok:
- a kérelmező személyazonosító igazolványának, lakcímkártyájának és TAJ-kártyájának bemutatása, vele együtt élő közeli hozzátartozói esetén lakcímkártya és TAJ-kártya bemutatása
- a kérelmező és a vele közös háztartásban élő személyek havonta rendszeresen mérhető jövedelmeinél a kérelem benyújtását megelőző hónap jövedelméről, a nem havi rendszerességgel szerzett, illetve vállalkozásból, őstermelésből származó jövedelem esetén a kérelem benyújtásának hónapját közvetlenül megelőző tizenkét hónap alatt szerzett jövedelem egyhavi átlagáról szóló igazolás
- a lakás nagyságának hitelt érdemlő igazolása
- a háztartás valamennyi tagjára kiterjedő vagyonnyilatkozat
- a támogatott szolgáltatást szolgáltatási vagy közüzemi szerződés alapján szerződőként igénybe vevő fogyasztónak és a fogyasztási helynek a szolgáltató általi azonosításához szükséges adat
Ügyintézés helye, elérhetősége és rendje:
Kisújszállás, Szabadság tér 1. földszint 14. szoba
Tel: 59/520-248
E-mail: email@example.com
hétfő:
7.30-12.00 és 13.00-17.00 óráig
kedd:
nincs ügyfélfogadás
szerda: 8.00-12.00 és 13.00-16.30 óráig
csütörtök: 8:00-12:00 és 13:00-17:00 óráig
péntek: 8.00-12.00 - óráig
Ügyintézés határideje:
8 nap
Ügyintézés díja: költség- és illetékmentes
Az alkalmazott jogszabályok:
A szociális igazgatásról és szociális ellátásokról szóló 1993. évi III. törvény A pénzbeli és természetbeni szociális ellátások igénylésének és megállapításának, valamint folyósításának részletes szabályairól szóló 63/2006. (III. 27.) Korm. rendelet
A szociális és gyermekvédelmi ellátások helyi szabályairól szóló 8/2015. (II. 27.) önkormányzati rendelet
Egyéb fontos tudnivalók
Jogosultság feltételei:
- a háztartásban az egy fogyasztási egységre jutó havi jövedelem nem haladja meg az öregségi nyugdíj mindenkori legkisebb összegének 250 %-át (jelenleg 71.250 Ft) és a háztartás tagjai egyikének sincs vagyona
háztartás: az egy lakásban együtt lakó, ott bejelentett lakóhellyel vagy tartózkodási hellyel rendelkező személyek közössége
Támogatás mértéke:
A szociális és gyermekvédelmi támogatásokról szóló 8/2015 (II. 27.) önkormányzati rendelet 16. § (9) és (10) bekezdésében meghatározottak alapján számított összeg, de nem lehet kevesebb, mint 2000 forint.
A közszolgáltatások díjának támogatása a kérelem benyújtásának hónapjának első napjától tárgyév december 31. napjáig kerül megállapításra. Közszolgáltatások díjának támogatása ugyanazon lakásra csak egy jogosultnak állapítható meg, függetlenül a lakásban élő személyek és háztartások számától.
A természetbeni szociális ellátás formájában megállapított közszolgáltatások díjának támogatása folyósítása a szolgáltató részére történik és annak összegét a támogatással érintett költség(ek) tekintetében a szolgáltató írja jóvá.
4. Hulladékszállítási díj átvállalása
Ügyleírás: Az önkormányzat a Kisújszálláson működő közszolgáltatónak megtéríti a hulladékszállítási díját az általa életvitelszerűen lakott lakásra annak a 70. életévét betöltött, egyedül élő személynek, akinek a havi jövedelme nem haladja meg az öregségi nyugdíj mindenkori legkisebb összegének háromszorosát (jelenleg 85.500 Ft).
Szükséges okiratok:
- a kérelmező személyazonosító igazolványának, lakcímkártyájának és TAJ-kártyájának bemutatása
- a kérelmező havonta rendszeresen mérhető jövedelmeinél a kérelem benyújtását megelőző hónap jövedelméről, a nem havi rendszerességgel szerzett, illetve vállalkozásból, őstermelésből származó jövedelem esetén a kérelem benyújtásának hónapját közvetlenül megelőző tizenkét hónap alatt szerzett jövedelem egyhavi átlagáról szóló igazolás
Ügyintézés helye, elérhetősége és rendje:
Kisújszállás, Szabadság tér 1. földszint 14. szoba
Tel: 59/520-248
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
hétfő:
7.30-12.00 és 13.00-17.00 óráig
kedd:
nincs ügyfélfogadás
szerda: 8.00-12.00 és 13.00-16.30 óráig
csütörtök: 8:00-12:00 és 13:00-17:00 óráig
péntek: 8.00-12.00 - óráig
Ügyintézés határideje:
8 nap
Ügyintézés díja: költség- és illetékmentes
Az alkalmazott jogszabályok:
A szociális és gyermekvédelmi ellátások helyi szabályairól szóló 8/2015. (II. 27.) önkormányzati rendelet
Egyéb fontos tudnivalók
A megtérített díj összege tartalmazza havonta a rendelkezésre állási díj összegét, évi 12 alkalommal a legfeljebb 120 liter űrtartalmú hulladékgyűjtő edény ürítési díját, valamint társasházban élő személy esetén az önkormányzatnak a társasházzal kötött megállapodása alapján továbbszámlázott, az ellátottra eső díj összegét.
5. Helyi közlekedés támogatása
Ügyleírás: A helyi közlekedés igénybevételére az a Kisújszálláson lakó vagy tartózkodási hellyel rendelkező személy jogosult, akinek a rendszeres iskolába járása – az iskolaigazgató javaslata szerint - indokolja a helyi közlekedés igénybevételét és oktatási intézmény nappali vagy esti tagozatos tanulója (a diákigazolvány érvényességi ideje alatt).
Szükséges okiratok:
- a kérelmező személyazonosító igazolványának, lakcímkártyájának és TAJ-kártyájának bemutatása, vele együtt élő közeli hozzátartozók esetén a lakcímkártya és TAJ-kártya bemutatása
- a kérelmező havonta rendszeresen mérhető jövedelmeinél a kérelem benyújtását megelőző hónap jövedelméről, a nem havi rendszerességgel szerzett, illetve vállalkozásból, őstermelésből származó jövedelem esetén a kérelem benyújtásának hónapját közvetlenül megelőző tizenkét hónap alatt szerzett jövedelem egyhavi átlagáról szóló igazolás
- iskolalátogatási igazolás és érvényes diákigazolvány fénymásolata, vagy az iskola által kiállított igazolás, melyen szerepel a diákigazolvány sorszáma és érvényességi ideje - az iskola igazgatója által kiállított nyilatkozat
Ügyintézés helye, elérhetősége és rendje:
Kisújszállás, Szabadság tér 1. földszint 14. szoba
Tel: 59/520-248
E-mail: email@example.com
hétfő:
7.30-12.00 és 13.00-17.00 óráig
kedd:
nincs ügyfélfogadás
szerda: 8.00-12.00 és 13.00-16.30 óráig
csütörtök: 8:00-12:00 és 13:00-17:00 óráig
péntek: 8.00-12.00 - óráig
Ügyintézés határideje:
8 nap
Ügyintézés díja: költség- és illetékmentes
Az alkalmazott jogszabályok:
A szociális és gyermekvédelmi ellátások helyi szabályairól szóló 8/2015. (II. 27.) önkormányzati rendelet
Egyéb fontos tudnivalók
Jogosultság feltételei:
- A családban az egy főre jutó jövedelem nem haladhatja meg az öregségi nyugdíj legkisebb összegének 250 %-át (jelenleg: 71.250 Ft)
Támogatás mértéke:
- A támogatás összege a helyi buszközlekedés éves bérlet árának tárgyévre számított időarányos része, de havonta legfeljebb 600 Ft.
A helyi közlekedési támogatásra való jogosultság legfeljebb tárgyév december 31. napjáig állapítható meg.
6. Első lakáshoz jutók támogatása
Ügyleírás: Az önkormányzat új vagy használt lakás vásárlásához, új lakás építéséhez vagy megkezdett lakásépítés befejezéséhez nyújtott vissza nem térítendő támogatása házaspároknak.
Szükséges okiratok:
- a kérelmező személyazonosító igazolványának, lakcímkártyájának és TAJ-kártyájának bemutatása, vele együtt élő közeli hozzátartozói lakcímkártyájának és TAJ-kártyájának bemutatása
- a kérelmező havonta rendszeresen mérhető jövedelmeinél a kérelem benyújtását megelőző hónap jövedelméről, a nem havi rendszerességgel szerzett, illetve vállalkozásból, őstermelésből származó jövedelem esetén a kérelem benyújtásának hónapját közvetlenül megelőző tizenkét hónap alatt szerzett jövedelem egyhavi átlagáról szóló igazolás
- házassági anyakönyvi kivonat másolata
- adásvételi szerződés vagy jogerős építési engedély
Ügyintézés helye, elérhetősége és rendje:
Kisújszállás, Szabadság tér 1. földszint 14. szoba
Tel: 59/520-248
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
hétfő:
7.30-12.00 és 13.00-17.00 óráig
kedd:
nincs ügyfélfogadás
szerda: 8.00-12.00 és 13.00-16.30 óráig
csütörtök: 8:00-12:00 és 13:00-17:00 óráig
péntek: 8.00-12.00 - óráig
Ügyintézés határideje: 8 nap, a támogatás összegének átutalása a határozat meghozatalát követő 30 napon belül történik
Ügyintézés díja: költség- és illetékmentes
Az alkalmazott jogszabályok:
Az első lakáshoz jutók támogatásáról szóló 44/2011. (XI.30.) önkormányzati rendelet
Egyéb fontos tudnivalók
Jogosultság feltételei: a támogatás az alábbi feltételek együttes teljesülése esetén nyújtható - a családban az egy főre jutó jövedelem nem haladja meg az öregségi nyugdíj legkisebb összegének ötszörösét (jelenleg: 142.500 Ft)
- a fiatal házasoknak külön-külön vagy együttesen a kérelem benyújtásának időpontjában lakástulajdona nincs (kivéve az öröklés útján szerzett és özvegyi joggal terhelt, vagy öröklés útján szerzett, kizárólagosan, vagy közösen a kérelmezőnek vagy a házastársának a tulajdonában álló lakás résztulajdont)
- legalább egyiküknek az önkormányzat vagy annak jogelődje lakásszerzéshez támogatást nem nyújtott
Támogatás abban az esetben nyújtható, ha
- a megszerezni vagy felépíteni kívánt lakáson másnak haszonélvezeti joga, tulajdonjoga az adásvétel, illetve az építés során nem keletkezik és
- az ingatlan tulajdonjogát a kérelmező, illetve annak házastársa közösen szerzi meg
A támogatás
- új vagy használt lakás vásárlása esetén az adásvételi szerződés megkötésétől számított 30 napon belül
- új lakás építése esetén a használatbavételi engedély jogerőre emelkedésétől számított 6 hónapon belül
- megkezdett lakásépítés befejezése esetén a használatbavételi engedély jogerőre emelkedését követő 1 éven belül nyújtható
Támogatás mértéke:
- A támogatás mértéke: 300.000 Ft vissza nem térítendő támogatás (amennyiben a fiatal házasok által fizetendő vételár a támogatás összegénél kevesebb, a támogatás mértéke azonos a vételárral)
Támogatás
- az építési szakértői vélemény alapján lakhatás céljára alkalmas ingatlan vásárlásához nyújtható
- az országos településrendezési és építési követelményekről szóló 253/1997. (XII.20.) Kormányrendelet 85. § (4) bekezdés a) pontjában foglaltaknak megfelelő ingatlanra adható
- ugyanazon lakáshoz kapcsolódón öt évben belül nem nyújtható
- ha kérelmező vagy házastársa a támogatás átutalását követő egy évben belül a lakást elidegeníti, a támogatást egyösszegben köteles visszafizetni
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Monthly Market Metrics and Trends: October
Analyzing Volatility, Market Performance, and Equity and Options Volumes Plus a Look at a Key Equity Markets Theme for the Month
Published: November 2024
Market Theme
* With the 2024 US presidential election on Nov 5, S&P 500 performance in October must be considered with this event in mind. Overall, the S&P 500 has continued to climb throughout the year, +19.6% YTD.
* Growth rates have come down, +3.3% from Aug-end Oct and -1.0% in Oct. This can be explained by the numbers – S&P 500 already elevated by August, 4,642.83 at the start of the year to 5,446.68 to start August, +14.8%.
* The S&P 500 took a sharp turn down on the last day of October, -1.9% D/D. Excluding this day, the S&P 500 was +0.9% in October and +21.9%% YTD.
* What Is Driving Markets? Is it: election day – S&P 500 positive after election day 4x since '92, flat 1x, negative 3x; earnings – tech 31.7% of the SPX, earnings results were the reason for the Oct 31 D/D decline; or the economy – doing well but back and forth on data points and FOMC meeting next week.
Market Metrics
* Volatility (VIX): Monthly average 19.96; +12.3% M/M, +5.4% Y/Y
* S&P 500 (Price): Monthly average 5,792.32; +3.0% M/M, +35.8% Y/Y
* Performance (month/year): best = financials/comms +2.6%/+30.2%; worst = healthcare/energy -4.7%/+6.4%
SIFMA Insights • Equity ADV: Monthly average 11.7 billion shares; -1.6% M/M, +9.6% Y/Y
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* Options ADV: Monthly average 47.2 million contracts; +0.9% M/M, +7.3% Y/Y
Market Theme
S&P 500 Continues Its Climb
With the 2024 US presidential election on November 5, S&P 500 performance in October must be considered with this event in mind. First, we step back to review market performance for the year and after key events. Overall, the S&P 500 has continued to climb throughout the year. The index is up 19.6% YTD (through end October).
Markets dipped slightly in April, when Middle East tensions escalated after Iran launched 300 missiles at Israel. The S&P 500 came down again in early August, with the temporary unwind of the carry trade 1 . August 5 posted the worst D/D decline of the year, -3.0%. Markets recovered quickly – and continued to increase – after each event.
Source: Bloomberg, SIFMA estimates
1 Carry trade: A currency trading strategy where an investor borrows money in a currency with the low interest rate – Japanese yen (JPY) – and invests in another currency with a higher interest rate – U.S. dollar (USD) – profiting from the interest rate differential between the two currencies. On July 31, the Bank of Japan unexpectedly raised its central bank rate by 25 bps, ending its longstanding zero(/negative) rate policy and signaling further rate hikes. The JPY appreciated, and the less favorable interest rate differential triggered the unwinding of the carry trade.
That said, it has not been a smooth ride upward. As shown below, growth rates have come down, +3.3% from August through the end of October and -1.0% in October.
5,705.45
Source: Bloomberg, SIFMA estimates
This can be explained more by the numbers – the S&P 500 was already elevated by the time we reached August, from 4,642.83 at the start of the year to 5,446.68 to start August, +14.8%. Further, the slope of the charts show the quick recovery in August: 5.4826 for the August to October period versus 3.2417 YTD, +69.1%.
Overall, October had a lower slope: 3.0818, -4.9% to the full year. However, the S&P 500 took a sharp turn down on the last day of October. The D/D change on October 31 was -1.9%, the fourth largest D/D decline for the year. We had not seen a decline of this magnitude since September 3, -2.1%. Excluding this day, the S&P 500 was up 0.9% in October and +21.9%% YTD. The slope story changes as well. Excluding the last day of the month, the October slope was 4.2948, +32.5% to the full year.
Source: Bloomberg, SIFMA estimates
What Is Driving Markets?
Next, we assess recent drivers of market performance. Is it the countdown to election day? The election looms large 2 , presenting uncertainty. There are also concerns that we will not have an election result after election day. Looking back to the 1992 US presidential election, we had a final result the day after election – or E+1 – six out of eight times. In 2000, we did not have a final result until December 12, after a Supreme Court decision, or E+35. In 2020, we did not have a final result until November 7, when the result was called by the Associated Press, or E+4.
As shown in the charts below, a short delay such as E+4 was tolerated by markets. Market performance on day five after election day increased versus election day itself by 5.2%. (An increase on day five versus election day was true for four out of eight election periods since 1992, with three years negative, including the Global Financial Crisis year, and one year essentially flat.) However, markets did not tolerate E+35 as well. By the time the election result was finalized in 2000, the price of the S&P 500 was 4.2% below the price on election day.
Source: Bloomberg, SIFMA estimates
2 Please see our SIFMA Insights note Markets and Elections.
However, it is hard to separate out all of the factors in play around elections, including: the economy; geopolitical tensions or wars; and financial market conditions. As we head into November 5, the economy remains strong. Financial conditions – in terms of a crisis or significant disruption, not market prices – are solid. Geopolitical concerns remain heightened.
Is it earnings? At 31.7% (as of October 31), the technology sector represented 31.7% of the S&P 500 index, the SPX. As such, as technology stocks go, the market goes. After the close on October 30, Microsoft (ticker: MSFT) reported disappointing revenue guidance, despite beating earnings estimates for the quarter. The stock price declined around 6%. Meta Platforms' (ticker: META) stock also declined, over 4%. In addition to missing expectations for user growth, it announced a significant increase to capital expenditures in 2025.
This signifies an ongoing story in the technology sector and the market overall. The artificial intelligence (AI) story has shifted. The enthusiasm over AI's long term potential is no longer enough to drive stocks higher in the near term. The reality of the costs to develop the technology has become the focus. This theme will continue to be top of mind for markets.
Is it the economy? Summing up the economic environment for 2024, we are not in a recession. In fact, there is a debate whether we will have a soft or no landing in 2025, rather than a hard landing 3 . GDP growth continues, and unemployment is at a normal level. The consumer continues to spend. On the flip side, budget deficits continue to concern many.
The theme for the economy is the back and forth on data points. Take the last day of October. The Fed's inflation gauge, the personal consumption expenditures or PCE, came in line with estimates at 2.1% Y/Y, almost at the Fed's 2% target. Yet, PCE core, excluding food and energy, was at 2.7% Y/Y after increasing 0.3% on a monthly basis. Additionally, initial filings for unemployment benefits totaled 216,000 for the week ended Oct. 26, -12,000 from the prior reading and below the 230,000 estimate. The unemployment rate remained at 4.1%.
With the economy on a solid path and inflation continuing its path downward, all eyes are on the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting on November 6-7. According to CME FedWatch, markets are now placing a 98.4% probability of a 25 bps cut in the Fed Funds target range at that meeting (at the time of writing this note).
3 Soft landing: moderate slowdown in economic growth with controlled reduction in inflation, without causing a recession. Hard landing: economy contracts sharply (significant economic downturn, high unemployment) due to the central bank's efforts to control inflation, triggering a recession. No landing: the economy continues to grow despite a series of contractionary monetary policies.
Market Metrics
In this section, we highlight the monthly market trends for volatility, price, and volumes.
Volatility (VIX)
* Monthly average 19.96
o
+12.3% M/M
o +5.4% Y/Y
* Monthly peak on the 31 st at 23.16, troughed on the 18 th at 18.03
Source: Bloomberg, SIFMA estimates
S&P 500 Index: Price
* Monthly average 5,792.32
o +3.0% M/M
o +35.8% Y/Y
* Monthly peak on the 18 th at 5,864.67, troughed on the 7 th at 5,695.94
Source: Bloomberg, SIFMA estimates
S&P 500 Index: Sector Breakout
Looking at market performance by sector, we highlight the following:
* Best performing sectors
o Month = financials at +2.6% and communications at +1.8%
o YTD = communications at +30.2% and technology at +28.3%
* Worst performing sectors
o Month = healthcare at -4.7% and materials at -3.5%
o YTD = energy at +6.4% and healthcare at +7.6%
Source: Bloomberg, SIFMA estimates
Note: Cons S = consumer staples, HC = healthcare, Mats = materials, RE = real estate, Ind = industrials, Fins = financials, Tech = technology, Cons D = consumer discretionary, Comms = telecommunications, Util = utilities
Equity Volumes (ADV)
* Monthly average 11.7 billion shares
o -1.6% M/M
o +9.6% Y/Y
* Monthly peak on the 31 st at 13.6 billion, troughed on the 14 th at 9.7 billion
* Monthly average off exchange trading 48.8%; +1.3 pps M/M, +5.8 pps Y/Y
Source: Cboe Global Markets, SIFMA estimates.
Note: July 3 was an early close trading day.
Options Volumes (ADV)
* Monthly average 47.2 million contracts
o +0.9% M/M
o +7.3% Y/Y
* Monthly peak on the 31 st at 59.3 million contracts, troughed on the 22 nd at 39.7 million contracts
* Monthly equity options 43.2 million contracts (+1.3% M/M, +9.6% Y/Y), index options 4.0 million contracts (-3.2% M/M, -12.1% Y/Y)
Source: Cboe Global Markets, SIFMA estimates
Note: July 3 was an early close trading day.
Author
SIFMA Insights
Katie Kolchin, CFA Managing Director, Head of Research firstname.lastname@example.org
Disclaimer: This document is intended for general informational purposes only and is not intended to serve as investment advice to any individual or entity. The views in this report and interpretation of the data are that of SIFMA, not necessarily its member firms.
SIFMA Insights can be found at: https://www.sifma.org/insights
SIFMA is the leading trade association for broker-dealers, investment banks and asset managers operating in the U.S. and global capital markets. On behalf of our industry's nearly 1 million employees, we advocate on legislation, regulation, and business policy, affecting retail and institutional investors, equity and fixed income markets and related products and services. We serve as an industry coordinating body to promote fair and orderly markets, informed regulatory compliance, and efficient market operations and resiliency. We also provide a forum for industry policy and professional development. SIFMA, with offices in New York and Washington, D.C., is the U.S. regional member of the Global Financial Markets Association (GFMA). For more information, visit http://www.sifma.org.
This report is subject to the Terms of Use applicable to SIFMA's website, available at http://www.sifma.org/legal. Copyright © 2024
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De acuerdo a las atribuciones que confiere el artículo 21 de la Ley del Sistema Anticorrupción del Estado de Tlaxcala, como integrante del Comité de Participación Ciudadana, y atendiendo a los ejes rectores del Sistema Nacional Anticorrupción, propongo el siguiente:
**PROGRAMA DE TRABAJO**
a) Diseñar y proponer programas de Sensibilización y capacitación a los servidores públicos sobre las responsabilidades administrativas en que podrían incurrir en el ejercicio de sus funciones.
b) Elaborar y proponer medidas para fortalecer los órganos de control interno en cada una de las dependencias del Gobierno Estatal.
c) Diseñar y proponer un programa de capacitación a las diversas organizaciones de la sociedad civil para que coadyuven en el combate al fenómeno de la corrupción.
d) Diseñar y proponer políticas públicas relativas a la prevención y combate a la corrupción.
e) Elaborar y proponer un proyecto de coordinación interinstitucional en materia de fiscalización y control de recursos públicos.
f) Diseñar políticas públicas para fortalecer el sistema de Transparencia y Rendición de Cuentas, no solo de los entes públicos, sino de todos aquellos que tienen la obligación de transparentar sus actividades ante la sociedad.
g) Proponer mecanismos para incentivar la denuncia ciudadana de actos de corrupción.
h) Diseñar una red de participación ciudadana para vigilar y denunciar actos de corrupción de manera ágil y sencilla, evitando trámites innecesarios.
i) Proponer la celebración de convenios con universidades e instituciones académicas para fortalecer la cultura de la integridad.
j) Elaborar un proyecto que permita interactuar a las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, instituciones educativas o académicas y la sociedad en general en la prevención e identificación de hechos de corrupción de los cuales tengan conocimiento.
k) Elaborar y proponer en su caso, indicadores para medir y dar seguimiento al fenómeno de la corrupción con el fin de identificar los riesgos para
cometer actos de corrupción en las diferentes áreas y sectores del Gobierno estatal
l) En caso de ser necesario, proponer la emisión de recomendaciones no vinculantes a las autoridades en las que se indiquen las medidas adecuadas para evitar, corregir o sancionar actos de corrupción.
m) Realizar un análisis de los diversos ordenamientos locales que tengan relación con el Sistema Anticorrupción en el Estado, a fin de proponer la armonización de éstas al marco constitucional así como a los Tratados Internacionales en la materia.
n) Coadyuvar con la Fiscalía Especializada en Combate a la Corrupción en el Estado para la implementación de programas de educación continua a su personal, con el propósito de optimizar su desempeño.
o) Vigilar que los servidores públicos cumplan con su declaración patrimonial, fiscal y de conflicto de intereses y en su caso, proponer medidas para lograr su cumplimiento.
ATENTAMENTE.
CLAUDIA CERVANTES ROSALES
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WATERBURY DEVELOPMENT REVIEW BOARD General Minutes—May 19, 2021
Attending: Board members: David Frothingham (Chair), Tom Kinley, Bud Wilson, Patrick Farrell, George Lester, and Joe Wurtzbacher. Staff: Dina Bookmyer-Baker (ZA) and Steve Lotspeich (Community Planner/Acting Secretary)
David Frothingham, Chair, opened the public meeting at 6:33 p.m. and made the following introductory remarks: The meeting will be video recorded. Applicants and consultants will be contacted when their hearing is ready to commence. Applicants should have one spokesperson. Staff will give an overview of the project. The Applicant/Spokesperson will present any new information to the Board. The DRB members will ask questions, followed by staff questions and comments. The hearing will then be opened to the public for comments and questions. Note that the DRB is a seven-member Board, six members are present; an approval requires at least four votes in the affirmative. The agenda was followed as presented.
1) #025-21: Apothecary Building LLC (owner), Val Vincent (applicant) Downtown Design Review to renovate front entry stairs at 2 North Main Street, Waterbury, VT. (DWN/DDR zoning/overlay districts)
The Owner/Applicant is working with VTrans to resolve the design and construction issues related to replacing the front entry stairs and landing and requested that the review be continued to June 2, 2021. The Board continued the review to June 2, 2021 at 6:30 p.m.
2) #024-21: Hands Off My Cheese LLC (owner), Mark Frier (applicant) Downtown Design Review to rebuild front entry stairs at 1 South Main Street, Waterbury, VT. (DWN/DDR zoning/overlay districts)
The Owner/Applicant is working with VTrans to resolve the design and construction issues related to replacing the front entry stairs and landing and requested that the review be continued to June 2, 2021. The Board continued the review to June 2, 2021 at 6:30 p.m.
3) #029-21: William and Susan April (owner/applicant)
Setback waiver request to construct an expansion of the front porch in the setback at 310 Mountain View Drive, Waterbury Center, VT. (LDR/SFHA zoning/overlay districts)
At 6:41 p.m., the Chair opened the public hearing to consider the waiver request.
Present and sworn in:
William and Susan April, owner/applicant
Testimony:
William and Susan April explained that their project is to replace the existing front porch and reorient the front steps to the driveway side of the porch, rather than the direction of the existing front steps that face the road. The new porch will have an enclosed entry area on a portion of this addition. The front wall of the entry area will be five feet closer to the road than the existing front porch, necessitating the need for a waiver for both the front and side-yard setbacks.
The public hearing for this application was closed at 6:50 p.m. The Board approved the project with conditions and will issue a written decision within 45 days.
4) #023-21: John Thrailkill (owner/applicant)
This project is a Variance request and Ridgelines/Hillsides/Steep Slopes review to modify the previously-approved building zone and construct a new single-family dwelling that exceeds the maximum building height on Lot A, Wood Farm Road, Waterbury Center, VT. (CNS/RHS zoning/overlay districts)
The review of this application was continued from May 19, 2021, when no review was conducted, due to an incomplete application.
Present and sworn in:
John Thrailkill, owner/applicant Chris Austin, Grenier Engineering, Project Consultant Joan Liggett, Nearby property owner
Testimony:
John Thrailkill presented his project for a single-family dwelling on the previously-approved Duffy Lot A on Wood Farm Road. He is proposing to shift the previously-approved building zone by 50ʹ into the existing wooded area on the easterly side of the site. He also explained his request for a variance to exceed the height limit of 35ʹ. The variance criteria were discussed and Mr. Thrailkill explained his response to the criteria, especially why there is a hardship imposed by the height limit, in this case. The variance would allow a ground level doorway access and windows to provide daylight for the basement and alleviate what he views as a hardship.
The DRB requested a revised site plan that shows the clearing limits for the proposed dwelling, the proposed grading around the dwelling, and the proposed retaining walls.
The hearing was continued to June 16, 2021, at 6:30 p.m.
5) #003-21: Arnot Development Group, Inc., c/o Paul Arnot (owner/applicant)
Continued review of a setback waiver request to construct a new single-family dwelling that was previously approved on undeveloped Lot 17B on W. Pinnacle Ridge Rd. and Pinnacle Point. (CNS zoning district). The public hearing on the setback waiver review was continued from April 7, 2021.
Present and sworn in:
Paul Arnot, Arnot Development Group Inc.
Adjoining Landowners and Neighbors: Jenny & Todd Davidson, John Fagan, Bob Dillon, Gregg Stuessi, Maryann Naber, Carrie Phillips, David Paul, and Barbara Cipolla (observed).
At 7:56 p.m., the Chair opened the public hearing to continue the waiver request. Paul Arnot presented the letter that he wrote to the DRB dated May 13, 2021. Then he shared the Character of Neighborhood document that he submitted that includes pictures of the houses near Lot 17B as viewed from Pinnacle Point and West Pinnacle Ridge Road. Mr. Arnot commented that most of these houses are very visible from the road and have minimal screening in the front.
Then he shared a Drainage and Buffers Site Plan that includes pictures of the vicinity of Lot 17B showing the drainage swales and culverts under the roads. The pictures also show the vegetated buffers that have been left in place that screen the lot from the adjacent areas. Mr. Arnot stated that the Lot 17B site is generally self-contained and doesn't collect water from other properties. He then shared a grading plan for the lot with the dwelling shown, showing the proposed drainage pattern and retaining wall on the site. This plan shows that the driveway will go down
from Pinnacle Point to a low point and then back up to the garage door.
Mr. Arnot went through a calculation that demonstrates that the tallest part of the dwelling will be 34ʹ 10ʺ. He stated that the elevation of the house from the average grade around the perimeter of the dwelling will be 30ʹ 6ʺ. The Board requested the Applicant to clarify the height of the building.
Neighbor John Fagan shared photos of his property and Pinnacle Point that show the existing drainage issues that result from two plugged culverts and one partially plugged culvert that all go under Pinnacle Point onto Lot 17B. This situation has caused drainage issues with his property that is across Pinnacle Point from Lot 17B. Neighbor Carrie Phillips, who lives across West Pinnacle Ridge Road from Lot 17B, stated that there are drainage issues on her property caused by the increased runoff since the clearing was done recently on Lot 17B.
Mr. Arnot stated that the assumptions behind these assertions are not correct.
Other neighbors spoke to their concern that the proposed dwelling will not be adequately screened from view from their houses and the roads. It was stated that the proposed dwelling is larger that the one approved by the Pinnacle Ridge Homeowners Association for Lot 17B in 2007.
The DRB requested a more detailed grading plan and building elevations that demonstrate how the height of the proposed dwelling is being determined. A plan for additional screening, especially along Pinnacle Point, was also requested.
The hearing was continued to Wednesday, June 16, 2021 at 6:30 p.m. Requested, revised, and additional materials are due to the ZA by Wed. June 9 (1 week prior to the meeting).
6) Agenda items as scheduled by the Chair:
* Public comment / Other business: There was no public comment or other business conducted.
* Review prior meeting minutes and decisions:
Motion: Tom Kinley moved and George Lester seconded the motion to approve the DRB general meeting minutes for May 5, 2021 and the decisions for applications #009-21 (Simon) and 011-21 (Fishman), as corrected.
Vote: The motion was approved 6–0.
Adjournment: There being no other business, the meeting was adjourned at 9:30 p.m.
____________________________________________ Approved: June 2, 2021
(David Frothingham, Chair)
Notice of upcoming meetings:
Wednesday, June 2, 2021, 6:30 p.m.
Wednesday, June 16, 2021, 6:30 p.m.
Wednesday, July 7, 2021, 6:30 p.m.
Town of Waterbury Development Review Board Decision #029-21 ▪ May 19, 2021
Attending: Board members: David Frothingham (Chair), Tom Kinley (Vice Chair), Bud Wilson, Patrick Farrell, George Lester (Alternate), and Joe Wurtzbacher (Alternate). Staff: Steve Lotspeich (Community Planner/Acting Secretary) and Dina Bookmyer-Baker (ZA) and Steve Lotspeich (Community Planner/Acting Secretary).
Owner/Applicant: William and Susan April
Address/Location: 310 Mountain View Drive, Waterbury Center, VT
Zoning District(s): Low-Density Residential (LDR), Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) overlay
Application #
029-21
Tax Map #09-107.000
Applicant Request:
The Applicant seeks a setback waiver to construct an expansion of the front porch at 310 Mountain View Drive.
Present and sworn in:
William and Susan April, Owner/Applicant
Exhibits:
A: Application #029-21 (6 pages: zoning, conditional use, and supplemental sheets), submitted 4/14/21.
B: Site plan prepared by Applicant, dated and submitted 4/12/21.
C: Project detail floor plan prepared by Applicant, dated/submitted 4/12/21.
D: FEMA Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA) dated 7/16/09, and supporting documentation, prepared by DeWolfe Engineering, dated 6/23/09.
E: (E1) Parcel map with the zoning/SFHA layer. (Staff) (E2) Parcel map/orthophoto. (Staff)
F: Sketch from Assessor file (2014), and assessor photos, prior to 2010-2012 renovation to connect dwelling to garage.
G: Assessment from Ned Swanberg, dated 4/14/21, determining that SFHA review not required.
H: Letter to adjoining landowners, mailed certified on 5/1/21.
Findings of Fact:
1. Existing conditions: William and Susan April own a 3.2± acre parcel at 310 Mountain View Drive in the Low-Density Residential (LDR) and Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) zoning & overlay districts. The property is developed with a one-story single-family dwelling, built in 1971 (prior to the enactment of the Zoning Regulations in 1980 for the Town). The dwelling is located 60′ from the front property line and the attached garage is 18′ from the nearest side property line to the north. The lot has frontage on and a driveway access to Mountain View Drive, and is the property at the end of Mountain View Drive. The lot is served by municipal water and private wastewater.
2. Project: To extend the existing 8.5′ by 6′ front porch 5-feet closer to the road, enclose a portion of it, and relocate the exterior door and steps. The height of the existing roof will not change. The new space will be 12.5′ by 11′ (86.5 SF larger) and encroach on the front setback by 15′. The addition will come closer to the side property line to the north (it will be 62′ from the north property line), but is not the closest portion of the structure to the northerly side yard. (Exhibit C).
3. LDR Dimensional Requirements, Table 5.2: Minimum lot area: 5-acres; minimum setbacks: 70′ front, 75′ sides/rear. The lot does not meet the minimum lot size. The existing dwelling and attached garage encroach on the front and side-yard setbacks. The proposed addition will not meet the minimum setback requirements.
4. Waiver Request, Section 309: The proposed addition will be 55′ from the front property line (Exhibit C). The setback waiver request is to encroach on the front yard setback by 15-feet (70′ minus 55′).
5. Conditional Use/Waiver criteria: As set forth in Section 309, the DRB may grant a waiver of building setbacks as a conditional use review in accordance with Section 303, provided that the encroachment does not have an undue adverse impact on the use and enjoyment of adjoining properties. The Board considered the following general and specific standards:
(a) Section 303(e)(1) Community facilities: The project will not change the residential use as a singlefamily dwelling. The project will not increase the occupancy, unduly increase traffic, burden the school capacity, or increase the demand for fire protection. The Board concludes that the proposal will not have an undue adverse impact on the capacity of existing or planned community facilities.
(b) Section 303(e)(2)(A–E) Character of the area: The use of the property will remain residential. The style and dimensions of the addition are compatible with existing homes in the area. The Board concludes that the project is appropriate in scale and design in relation to existing uses and structures in the district and will not have an undue adverse impact on the character of the area.
(c) Section 303(e)(3) Municipal bylaws in effect: The use of the property will remain residential. This project application presents compliance with the conditional use criteria. The Board concludes that the proposal will not violate any municipal bylaws and ordinances.
(d) Section 303(f)(2) Methods to control fumes, gas, dust, smoke, odor, noise, or vibration: No change to the residential use is proposed; the continued residential use will not create the above-named nuisances. The Board concludes that no devices or special methods are necessary to prevent or control these impacts.
(e) Section 303(h) Removal of earth or mineral products conditions: The project does not include earthremoval activities. This provision does not apply.
Conclusion:
Based upon these findings, and subject to the conditions set forth below, the Board concludes that the project proposed by William and Susan April for a dwelling addition that will not come closer than 55ʹ to the front property line at 310 Mountain View Drive, as presented in application #029-21 and supporting materials, meets the Waivers and Conditional Use criteria set forth in Sections 309 and 303.
Decision:
On behalf of the Waterbury Development Review Board, Patrick Farrell moved and Tom Kinley seconded the motion to approve application #029-21 with the following conditions:
(1) The Applicant shall complete the project in accordance with the Board's findings and conclusions and the approved plans and exhibits.
(2) All exterior lighting shall be downcast and shielded.
Vote: The motion was approved 6–0.
____________________________________________ Approved: June 2, 2021
(David Frothingham, Chair)
Additional state permits may be required for this project. The landowner/applicant is advised to contact Peter Kopsco, DEC Permit Specialist, at 802-505-5367 or email@example.com, and the appropriate state agencies to determine what permits must be obtained.
NOTICE: This decision may be appealed to the Environmental Division of the Vermont Superior Court by an interested person who participated in the proceeding(s) before the Development Review Board. An appeal must be taken within 30 days of the date of this decision, pursuant to 24 V.S.A. § 4471 and Rule 5(b) of the Vermont Rules for Environmental Court Proceedings.
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ANCA NOUVELLES ASSOCIATION D'ÉTUDE ET DE PROTECTION DE LA NATURE EN SEINE SAINT-DENIS
Les Amis Naturalistes des Coteaux d'Avron 31 bis, rue Edgard Quinet 93360 Neuilly-Plaisance Tél & Fax : 01 43 09 19 69 - E-mail : email@example.com S i t e : h t t p / / p e r s o . m a g i c . f r / a n c a
Éditorial
Octobre-Novembre-Décembre 2001
Si les services de l'Etat reconnaissent aux associations "un rôle essentiel dans de nombreux secteurs de la vie sociale, notamment pour l'emploi et la lutte contre l'exclusion", l'échelon local met parfois de tels freins aux projets associatifs que les avancées sur ces deux terrains peuvent devenir très minces … Vous comprendrez en lisant ces quelques pages la grande déception du Conseil d'Administration de l'ANCA face à une municipalité de NeuillyPlaisance qui refuse la cogestion des biotopes protégés…. Cette cogestion devant créer de l'emploi tout en pérennisant l'implication des bénévoles sur le site.
Et pourtant bon nombre d'expériences un peu partout en France montrent la voie en ce qui concerne le développement des activités de découvertes de la Nature. Tout près de nous, le Parc de l'Ile Saint-Germain s'est par exemple doté d'une Maison de la Nature, véritable outil permanent pour l'information et l'éducation ! Notre association doit continuer à se battre pour des projets d'envergure, même là où l'on cherche à la mettre de "de côté" et doit parallèlement savoir se positionner sur des terrains qui portent, avec des partenaires motivés.
POUR LES BOTANISTES EN HERBE …
Certains des articles publiés dans note humble ANCA NOUVELLES comportent de nombreux noms d'espèces végétales, parfois en latin. Il ne nous est pas toujours possible de décrire en détail toutes ces plantes et nous demandons aux novices de nous en excuser. Nous incitons nos lecteurs à se munir d'une petite flore illustrée pour lever le voile sur la Chlore perfoliée et l'Epilobe hirsute …
François Fuchs
Ce journal est le vôtre, il est un lien entre les membres de l'Association. Si vous avez une idée ou un message à faire passer, faites-nous le savoir au bureau, ce sera diffusé dans le prochain ANCA Nouvelles.
Histoire de merle
u printemps de cette année là, un couple de merles qui avait élu domicile dans notre jardin, nous mit à contribution de belle manière. Ce couple avait fait fait son nid dans un buisson au fond du jardin à quatre-vingt centimètres du sol, dans lequel la femelle avait déposé quatre œufs. Il en sortit quatre petits gloutons qui donnèrent bien du travail aux parents pour les nourrir, mais de ce fait ils grossirent très vite. A
Hélas, un certain matin, il y eut dans le jardin un grand vacarme qui nous tira du lit plus tôt que prévu, provoqué par l'agression d'un chat qui avait déchiqueté le nid et qui s'enfuit à notre vue : au sol gisaient deux oisillons déjà de belle taille, les deux autres avaient disparu ! Les parents complètement affolés voletaient en tous sens en poussant des cris d'effroi.
Il fallut d'abord reconstituer le nid, ensuite attraper les petits qui se faufilaient entre les branches du buisson et les obliger à rester dans le nid. Tout cela fut fait, non sans mal et les parents, après un moment de déconvenue, à mon grand étonnement reprirent les allées et venues pour apporter la nourriture à leurs chers petits. Quant à nous, aidés de nos enfants et secondés du chien, nous montâmes la garde le reste de la journée. Oui, mais la nuit qui allait suivre verrait revenir le monstre pour achever sa besogne ! Que faire ? Aux grands maux, les grands remèdes…. Je choisis un pot de fleurs en terre de la dimension du nid et le soir venu coiffant nid et oisillons d'un chiffon, je plaçais le nid dans le pot et rentrais le tout dans la maison.
Au matin, nous replaçâmes le nid dans son buisson et reprîmes notre faction et chose extraordinaire après quelques hésitations, les parents reprirent leur va et vient nourricier.
Cela dura une bonne semaine, durant laquelle aucune grasse matinée n'était possible, les parents des petits merles réclamant à grands cris leur progéniture dès le lever du jour.
Dans la journée, nous étions sur le qui-vive à surveiller les chats du quartier. Mais nos efforts trouvèrent leur récompense le jour ou l'on vit les deux loupiots suivant leurs parents dans les branches hautes des arbres.
Pourquoi j'adhère à l'ANCA :
Jean Pierre BREDA
Jean Pierre BREDA
Etant nouvellement retraité, c'est pour moi une façon de vivre une retraite active et utile. On nous dit sur tous les tons, et à juste titre, que la marche est un bienfait pour la santé.
Et bien, lorsque l'on a passé la matinée à traiter la vigne, pulvérisateur au dos, cela correspond déjà à un bon parcours. Et pour qui aime la nature, se trouver dans les bois, le calme, observer les oiseaux, soigner les abeilles, je peux vous dire que c'est très gratifiant.
Résoudre les petits problèmes administratifs inhérents à l'Association, faire des connaissances et tout cela dans une ambiance amicale et ludique, c'est enrichissant et "c'est bon pour le mental".
Dossier Haute-Ile
François FUCHS
LE CONSEIL GENERAL COMMUNIQUE SUR UN PROJET D'AMENAGEMENT :
Ornithologique de la Région Ile de France qui espèrent voir revivre une zone humide sur la Haute-Ile, avec son cortège d'oiseaux.
Au début de l'été, l'ANCA a reçu une plaquette éditée par le Conseil Général de la Seine-SaintDenis, intitulée "Parc de la Haute-Ile à Neuillysur-Marne, Synthèse des études techniques." Le Département entend ainsi rappeler les étapes de l'élaboration du projet et annoncer la création d'ateliers de coproduction qui " permettront de E
travailler à l'aboutissement du projet".
Constatant un faible niveau initial de la biodiversité, le rédacteur considère qu'il est "urgent d'intervenir", en mettant en œuvre des techniques de "gestion harmonique"*, préservant ainsi l'existant et pour assurer un enrichissement de la flore et de la faune. Cette gestion consisterait à contrer la fermeture naturelle de la friche et à restaurer (et même créer) des milieux aquatiques.
Ce projet nécessite que le milieu soit submergé partiellement pendant un nombre de jours suffisants et "des secteurs d'eau dormante permanente ou quasi-permanente".
Ce qui a poussé les naturalistes à proposer un système de pompage. L'ANCA a participé aux discussions sur cette question en mettant notamment en garde contre une trop grande artificialisation du fonctionnement des milieux, qui pourrait conduire dans certains cas à une biodiversité sous perfusion. Nous avons ainsi invité les concepteurs du projet à bien évaluer les moyens à mettre en œuvre pour "restaurer la Haute-Ile en zone humide" et à s'assurer ainsi qu'il n'y a pas disproportion au regard de l'objectif visé, ce dernier pouvant être modulé.
Dans cette plaquette, les paysagistes proposent (au conditionnel) :
1. Un entrelacs de ruisseaux dans la zone Nord (alimentation permanente en eau) isolant quelques îles auxquelles on accèderait par des passerelles amovibles. 2. Le recreusement du paléo-chenal dans la zone Sud et de dépressions, le tout pouvant être alimenté en eau par les crues de la Marne. Une alimentation en eau permettrait de passer les périodes sèches.
La remise en fonction du principal bras mort est ainsi envisagé, ainsi que le recreusement des "paléo-chenaux", de mares et de canaux. On retrouve bien là, et il faut s'en réjouir, la patte des associations telles que la Ligue de Protection des Oiseaux et le Centre
Dans ses propositions de novembre 2000, la L.P.O. affichait ses espoirs : accueillir des canards migrateurs et des limicoles (bécassines …) et pourquoi pas l'avifaune typique des prairies inondables (Vanneaux huppés, Bergeronnette printanière, Tarsier des prés ou encore le mystérieux Râle des genêts …) ! (*) : La gestion harmonique, synonyme de "gestion différenciée" ou "gestion écologique" recouvre des méthodes et des techniques d'entretien des espaces verts, respectueuses de la biodiversité naturelle.
QUELQUES INSECTES REMARQUABLES DU DEPARTEMENT :
Jean Claude DENOMAISON
ertains insectes méridionaux apparaissent en Seine-Saint-Denis où ils trouvent un climat agréable. C
Sehirus sexmaculatus Ramb. : C'est un hémiptère nouveau pour la SeineSaint-Denis et l'Ile-de-France. Une belle colonie a été observée en 1999 et 2000 sur la Ballota nigra autour d'un parking de La Courneuve.
Deux autres coléoptères du Sud de la France se sont bien acclimatés depuis plusieurs années.
Chrysolina americana L. : On trouve cette chrysomèle sur les massifs de lavandes et les romarins.
Rhopalapion logirostre Olivier : Apion remarquable par la longueur du rostre de la femelle. Cette espèces remonte petit à petit vers le Nord. On peut la trouver sur la Rose-tremière en compagnie d'autre Apions et de Chrysomèles inféodés aux Malvacées.
Boisement 1
Une vieille futaie de Chênes déjà signalée sur les cartes anciennes de Gagny. Elle appartient à des propriétaires privés notamment "les Petits Frères des Pauvres".
Ainsi nous disposons de peu de données sur la faune à part la présence d'une petite colonie de Chouettes hulottes et de Couleuvres à collier. Flore: apparemment celle des futaies de Chênes sur sols silicoles à neutres mais peu de donnée (Ornithogale de Pyrénées par ex. )
Boisement 2
La pente et une part du fond de vallon où coule une source. Les abords de la source ont quelques très vieux Frênes tandis que les pentes sont plus variées (Peuplier, Erable, Chêne). Parmi la flore forestière, notons quelques arbustes calcicoles (If, Camérisier) des plantes thermophiles notamment au sud de cette parcelle (Iris fétide, Muscari à toupet, Ail des vignes) des sylvatiques (Euphorbe des bois, Fougères).
La Bécasse des bois a été signalée sur ce secteur.
La source elle même a peu de flore (Menthe aquatique, Renoncule scélérate)
Pourquoi est ce une source ?
* Les anciennes cartes en indiquent une à cet endroit.
* L'eau est très minéralisée et les fragments de bois dans l'eau finissent par se recouvrir de calcaire (pétrification). La nappe d'eau formée sous le calcaire de Brie du plateau de Montfermeil en descend sur les couches imperméables de marnes vertes de la pente.
* La faune comporte les minuscules Crevettes d'eau douces nommées Gammares qui réclament une eau propre et permanente. Remarque: L'eau disparaissant au bout de quelques dizaines de mètres, il existe un risque géologique de sol sous-miné
Boisement 3
Une colline de Gypse recouverte d'un bois de vieux Frênes. Le pourtour de ce boisement (aux bords des chemins) est par contre de faible qualité (Acacia sur remblais). Le nord de cette zone est une longue falaise de Gypse très pittoresque à valeur paysagère.
Le haut du bois permet l'existence d'une flore calcicole (Cytise, Orchidée : Orchis pourpre, et Listére, Alisier de Fontainebleau). Parmi la faune nous remarquerons le Lucane cerf-volant et le Coucou.
Boisement 4
C'est le début du boisement du Baussay (classé en ZNIEFF) La partie immédiatement en contact avec Gagny est plutôt humide (Saule divers, grande Prêle et Prêle des champs) on peut y trouver le Carabe des bois. Au delà on retrouve toute la variété floristique de ce boisement comportant un grand nombre d'espèces arbustives (If, Lauréole, Houx, Nerprun, Néflier,etc...), d'arbres (Chêne, Erables divers, Orme , Charme, Peuplier gris, Tremble, Saule, Bouleau, etc…) et notamment l'Alisier de Fontainebleau qui trouve sur cette ZNIEFF sa plus grande station de l'Est Parisien. Egalement aussi une grande variété floristique (Orchis pourpre et à 2 feuilles, Ophrys mouche, Néottie, Sanicle, Renoncule auricome, Jacinthe des bois, Muscari à toupet, Arum d'Italie, Ornithogale en ombelle, etc...).
Carrière St Pierre - Gagny
Alain THELLIER
La variété de cette ZNIEFF étant due à l'alternance rapide des couches géologiques dans la pente et à l'existence de pentes sèches (au Sud Est) et de vallon humide à rus temporaires. Parmi la faune nous remarquerons l'Epervier.
Le Vallon
La plupart de cette zone de prairie sèche sur marnes n'est pas sous-minée car il s'agissait de la pente d'accès à la deuxième masse. Ce vallon a une très grande valeur pédagogique : les pentes très abruptes de chaque versant sont fondamentalement différentes. Ainsi le versant nord abrite une végétation boisée humide (avec Saule, Tussilage, Epiaire des bois, Angélique) et le versant sud une prairie sèche très remarquable par sa flore (Tetragonolobe, Blackstonia, Gentianelle, Buplèvre en faux, Cytise, Rhinanthe, Vergerette acre, etc…) et sa faune d'insectes (Phaneroptere, Zygéne, Grillon italien, Mante religieuse, Procuste chagriné, Pholidoptera grisoaptera, Decticianae sp., Tetrix sp). Les parties rocheuses abritent les 3 reptiles du site (Couleuvre à collier, Orvet, Lézard des murailles). L'hiver, la Bécasse des bois a été observée
Les prairies Est
Quoique la bordure de cette zone est fortement souffert des travaux du lycée il continue d'y subsister de nombreuses espèces intéressantes malgré l'aspect souvent frustre du milieu. Ainsi l'Orvet a toujours eu des populations très importantes sur ces parcelles, le Pic Vert y séjourne très régulièrement. La Belette et la Pie grièche écorcheur y on été notées vers 1995. Le sol parfois très caillouteux permet localement une flore xérique (Epiaire droit, Centaurée scabieuse, Vergerette acre, Rhinanthe, Panicaut, etc...) Parfois la Mante religieuse, l'Araignée argioppe et les Zygénes se retrouvent abondantes sur cette parcelle (micro-climat notamment en fin de saison ?)
La colline
C'est un promontoire de Gypse faisant face à la "falaise" et qui posséde un indéniable intérêt visuel et paysager. Belle flore calcicole de lisière (Verge d'or d'Europe, Cytise, Réglisse batarde, Ophrys abeille, Baguenaudier). Présence de deux petite mares temporaires où a été observé une espèce de Triton en 2001. Situé face à la plaine et aux friches cette colline attire de nombreux oiseaux (Chardonneret, Traquet pâtre, Linottes, Faucon crécerelle)
La falaise
C'est l'entrée de 1ére masse de la carrière qui posséde un indéniable intérêt visuel et paysager et historique. Les insectes y sont toujours très abondants (Mante religieuse, Timarche, grande Sauterelle verte, Phaneroptere, etc...) La Cétoine (Cetonia cuprea) y été observé en 2001.Les grandes herbes servent aussi d'abris aux Orvets et Campagnols roussâtres.
Les pentes gypseuses et les éboulis de marnes permettent à la flore de pelouse marneuses de prospérer. Notons y la présence de deux Alisier de Fontainebleau.
La possibilité de préservation de cette falaise par des moyens techniques a été prouvé par l'étude de l'INERIS du 16 Octobre 1997
Le vin de la cuvée 2000 est à votre disposition ainsi que le miel. L'un comme l'autre sont d'une très très bonne qualité. Vous pourrez vous le procurer soit au local de l'ANCA, 31 bis rue Edgar Quinet tous les jours sauf le mercredi, soit chez Hélène VIELLARD (10 Rue du 8 Mai 1945, 93360 NEUILLY-PLAISANCE TEL : 01.43.00.42.57). Nous vous rappelons que toutes les personnes susceptibles de s'intéresser à ces activités, seront les bienvenues dans nos rangs. C'est un réel plaisir de travailler dans une nature préservée, dans le calme, loin des turbulences de la ville pourtant si proche. C'est un véritable bain de jouvence, alors, pourquoi s'en priver !
Carrière St Pierre - Gagny
Alain THELLIER
Le plateau
C'est le point culminant du site au niveau du plateau de Montfermeil. C'est donc le seul point du site reposant sur le calcaire de brie ce qui lui donne une particularité écologique: le sol est très minéral, calcaire et aride. On y trouve la Centaurée scabieuse, la Vergerette acre, l'Ophrys abeille, l'Orchis à 2 feuilles mais aussi la Mante religieuse, l'Alisier de Fontainebleau(XX) et la Couleuvre à collier. En bordure de cette parcelle un grand fontis remplit d'eau abritait jadis Crapaud commun, Triton ponctué, couleuvre à collier.
La grande pente
Certainement la plus grande surface de prairies marneuses subsistant du site. Elle comporte des pentes plus humides sur marnes vertes (avec Saule, Prêle, Massette) qui plaisent aux Orvets. l'Alisier de Fontainebleau lui préfère les talus de marnes blanches bien drainés tout comme la Mante religieuse qui y est régulière et s'y reproduit.
La pente aux Alisiers
Cette parcelle abritait il y a quelques années une flore de pelouses marneuses mais qui s'est beaucoup embroussaillée et dégradée. Néanmoins, il y subsiste encore trois Alisiers de Fontainebleau , les plus âgés du site, qui se reproduisent et fournissent donc en graines l'ensemble du site. En tout état de cause, ces arbres devront donc être préservés.
Les espèces remarquables
La flore des pelouses calcaro-marneuses. Cette flore se retrouve sur la plupart des pelouses marneuses du site.
Espèces de pelouses marneuses : Carline, Bugrane, Tetragonolobe, Blackstonia, Carline, Cirse commun, Brome, Séneçon à feuilles de roquettes, Ophrys abeille
Centaurée jacées, noire et des près, etc.... Espèces de lisières calcaire : Cytise, Baguenaudier, Alisier de Fontainebleau, Réglisse batarde, Orchis à 2 feuilles, Gaillet mou, etc...
Pelouses caillouteuses et éboulis : Panicaut, Rhinanthe, Epiaire droit, Centaurée scabieuse, Vergerette acre, Vipérine, Bublevre en faux, Picris tacheté, petite Centaurée, Violette hérissée, etc....
Espèce de friches calcaire : Onopordon faux acanthe, Diplotaxis, Hirschfielda, Fenouil, Galéga, etc…
Les rapaces
Les grands rapaces comme la Buse ont été observés à plusieurs reprises sur le site et ces environs (Baussay, Fort de Chelles, Forêt de Bondy, Bernouille). Les Busards ont été notés jadis de passage, mais ils préférent la Haute Ile ( l'ancienne gare de triage de Chelles devenue une steppe herbeuse doit leur convenir aussi ). L'Epervier est régulier au Baussay (nicheur ?) et au Coteau d'Avron. Le Faucon crécerelle niche sur le site (pylone HT). La Chouette hulotte se reproduit dans le vallon boisé sous Montguichet et au Baussay.
Les insectes
Seul deux grand groupes sont bien représentés : Les orthoptéres avec la Mante religieuse et le Grillon italien ainsi que différentes espèces de Criquets, Sauterelles (voir ci dessus)
Les coléoptéres avec le Lucane cerf-volant et la Cétoine vivant respectivment dans les bois mort et l'humus et deux carabidés : le Procuste chagriné (des prairies sèches) et le Carabe des bois (des vallons forestiers détrempés)
Autres animaux
Le Coucou, oiseau bien populaire mais devenu en réalité fort rare en milieu urbain.
La Bécasse des bois observé au "Vallon" à la "source" et sous le cimetière vers une mare à cresson. Elle est observée régulièrement aussi au Coteau d'Avron. Le Triton réapparu en l'an 2001 sur le site (espèce non identifiée : triton palmé ou ponctué).
Les reptiles : Couleuvre à collier, lézard des murailles continuent d'être observés sur le site de temps en temps ces 15 dernières années. L'Orvet lui est très abondant.
Les Traquets patres et les Linottes : deux oiseaux de prairies qui ne peuvent se maintenir en Seine St Denis que grâce à des milieux ouverts très vastes (prairies, friches) .
UNE COQUILLE … D'ALISE
Brève
Contrairement à ce qui est écrit dans le compte-rendu du dernier comité consultatif, le président de l'ANCA n'a jamais déclaré qu'on pouvait faire des lits avec l'Alisier de Fontainebleau.
Il parlait alors des Alisiers en général, dont les fruits sont effectivement fort convoités par des grimpeurs-récolteurs d'alises qui travaillent pour des pépiniéristes. L'alisier est en effet un arbre rare et précieux pour son utilisation dans la marqueterie. Les Alisiers torminaux sont des arbres très demandés dont le prix varie de 10 000 à 50 000 F le mètre cube.
L'Alisier de Fontainebleau quant à lui est bel et bien protégé !
Des vacances naturalistes
François FUCHS
oici évoquées en quelques étapes les possibilités d'enrichir pendant ses vacances sa culture naturaliste… un peu partout en France, ça bougeait cet été, de Paris à la Camargue. En voiture ! V
Etape 1 : A la découverte de la faune et de la flore des Parcs de la Seine Saint Denis.
Pourquoi ne pas commencer notre périple par une visite du vallon au Parc Départemental de la Courneuve ? Des animateurs de la Ligue de Protection des Oiseaux ou du C.O.R.I.F.* peuvent nous guider dans les boisements, prairies, talus en friche et zone marécageuse pour entrevoir quelques unes des 140 espèces d'oiseaux qui fréquentent le site
(*) : Centre ornithologique de la Région Ile de France. Le 10 juin, c'est le rucher du Parc Départemental du Sausset qui révélait ses secrets.
Tout ceci est orchestré par le Comité Départemental du Tourisme de la Seine Saint Denis. Les différentes sorties s'effectuant en petit groupes, il est indispensable de s'inscrire au préalable. (participation aux frais : 20 FF)
Etape 2 : Balades au fil de l'eau (Seine-Saint-Denis). Cette fois, c'est l'association "Vue de l'O " qui nous propose une promenade fluviale autour de l'Ile-SaintDenis, avec la L.P.O. pour observer les poules d'eau, les foulques macroules, les mouettes, les martinspêcheurs et peut-être le héron cendré… La promenade couvre la période de mai à septembre.
Etape 4 : Sentier Ornithologique de la Pie-Grièche, Etang de la Motte Lespignan.
Ici, dans la basse plaine de l'Aude, les vignerons du pays d'Enserune se sont associés à la L.P.O. Aude et à la G.R.I.V.E. (un groupe local de naturalistes) pour réaliser un sentier de découverte de 7 kilomètres comportant une dizaine de bornes d'observation et un observatoire d'où l'on peut observer la Mésange à moustaches, le Héron pourpré, le Rollier d'Europe, le Guêpier d'Europe et bien sur la Pie grièche à poitrine rose (environ 50 couples en France).
Etape 5 : Petit détour par les Pyrénées avec l'association " NATURA " : balades et randonnées à thème dans les vallées des Gaves. L'association en question a pour objet la sauvegarde compagnie s'intéresser à la flore pyrénéenne d'altitude, de l'environnement montagnard. On peut en sa aux rapaces, aux marmottes et aux isards…
Etape 6 : La Camargue pour finir en beauté, avec la visite du Parc Ornithologique de Pont de Gau. C'est l'occasion de voir là aussi un bel exemple de sentier de découverte qui débute par une exposition permanente sur l'avifaune locale. Une animatrice "nature" fait un exposé sur la biologie du Flamant rose devant une trentaine de visiteurs….
Quant on voit vivre ces sites – cartes en lien avec l'enjeu touristique – on peut s'interroger : pourquoi de tels dispositifs ont t'ils tant de mal à s'implanter
Etape 3 – Un peu d'exotisme :
Découvertes Nature et Patrimoine dans le Parc naturel régional de la Narbonnaise en Méditerranée.
Direction le sud pour changer un peu d'ambiance : là c'est l'association "Narbonne Environnement" qui ouvre la voie pour aller identifier les plantes des grands espaces naturels autour de Narbonne.
Le Centre Permanent de l'Initiation à l'Environnement initie également aux richesses du patrimoine naturel historique et paysager de la Narbonnaise. La L.P.O. de l'Aude fait quant à elle connaître les oiseaux de la garrigue et du salin de l'Ile Saint-Martin… Tout ceci a bien un petit goût de " reviens-y " !
dans notre département ? Pourquoi continuer à hésiter sur un projet de sentier nature qui valoriserait de façon remarquable le patrimoine naturel des Coteaux d'Avron ?
UN PEU DE GEOGRAPHIE EXPRESS AVEC LE NOUVEL OBS' :
Brève
Un de nos adhérents, particulièrement motivé par l'activité viticole, n'est pas passé à côté de l'article sur les Vins d'Ile de France publié dans une édition récente du Nouvel Observateur.
Entre Issy-les-Moulineaux et Argenteuil, on peut y lire qu'un certain Pierre Avron, autodidacte, produit son vin sur Par Dionysos, j'en connais qui même sans les bacchantes, savent encore vendanger et en gardant la tête froide …
les Coteaux de Neuilly-Plaisance…. Il le sert sûrement sur un plateau avec un petit en-cas ! En attendant que Monsieur NEUILLY-PLAISANCE nous la rafle (de Chardonnay bien sûr). A la vôtre !
Dossier Haute-Ile
Alain THELLIER
a Grande Cuscute vient donc d'être découverte à la Haute Ile parmi les orties et les saules des vanniers. C'est la première plante protégée du site (protection régionale Ile de France). Seulement 11 communes abritent cette espèce en Ile de France (sur 1281 communes) et voici donc la première station en Seine St Denis. L
La Grande Cuscute affectionne les berges de rivières (Marne et Seine). Elle y est rare : chaque station pouvant être éloignée de plusieurs kilomètres malgré des biotopes à priori favorables le long de la Marne. Il semble donc qu'elle n'y apparaît que rarement et doit donc avoir d'autres exigences qui nous échappent (sols, micro-climats, etc...)
Les Cuscutes sont des plantes grimpantes parasites à tige fine un peu comparable au liseron, sans feuille mais avec des suçoirs pour parasiter le serpolet, les ajoncs, l'ortie, le houblon, l'armoise, etc.... Les fleurs roses forment des petites boules un peu comme sur une guirlande.
Ce qui reste sûr c'est qu'étant une plante grimpante et parasite la Grande Cuscute ne peut exister que sur des berges en friches à ortie ou armoise et non pas sur des berges aménagées, tondues, bétonnées.
L'automne est là
Annie PITOLET
activité de la nature ralentit malgré une douceur incroyable, presque estivale pour cette mi-octobre. Nous vivons en ce moment un magnifique "Eté Indien", si je puis m'exprimer ainsi. L'
L'équipe qui s'est attachée tout au long de l'année à prodiguer ses soins tant au rucher qu'au vignoble, procède aux dernières interventions de nettoyage, de rangement avant l'arrivée des frimas hivernaux.
C'est par une agréable journée que nous avons vendangé. Grâce à l'information par affichettes effectuée tant par la municipalité que par nousmêmes, nous avons pu accueillir plusieurs personnes intéressées. Elles se sont fait un plaisir de se mêler à notre équipe pour cette activité ludique où régnait la bonne humeur et la joie. Cela faisait chaud au cœur d'entendre des rires d'enfants mélangés à ceux des adultes, surtout en cette période difficile.
Malgré une année on ne peut plus chaotique au niveau du temps, nous avons fait une récolte de miel honorable. Certaines ruches ont grandement souffert de l'humidité et nous avons du remplacer des essaims complets. Nos interventions n'ont pas été non plus ce qu'elles auraient du être, la pluie ou le vent ne nous permettant pas toujours d'agir au moment où nous aurions du le faire.
Il en a été de même pour la vigne. Après une montée de sève très précoce en février, les feuilles sont apparues plus tardivement que les autres années. En raison de l'humidité, nous avons été très vigilants quant aux éventuelles attaques du mildiou. Il est curieusement apparu assez tard. Alors que nous croyions l'avoir stoppé, il s'est installé de plus belle au moment de la véraison, époque où tous les traitements sont terminés.
Septembre n'ayant pas été particulièrement clément, le raisin présentait un taux de sucre très bas et une acidité élevée ce qui nous faisait craindre d'obtenir une infâme piquette. Ces derniers et inattendus beaux jours ont corrigé tout cela.
La vendange a été repoussée au dimanche 14 octobre et bien nous en a pris. La récolte a été presque aussi abondante que l'année dernière mais il nous a fallu effectuer un travail sélectif pointu pour éliminer tous les grains atteint par le mildiou.
J'ai cependant eu une déception. J'avais invité, par l'intermédiaire de Monsieur Pélissier et des professeurs de sciences naturelles, les élèves des cinq classes de troisième du Collège Jean Moulin que je croyais susceptibles d'être intéressés. Sur les 150 adolescents concernés, il n'en est venu… aucun !
Après avoir relevé les filets destinés à protéger le raisin de la convoitise des oiseaux, sécateurs et ciseaux ont cliqueté toute la matinée. Le repas collectif a été pris en plein air chez notre ami et hôte, Jean Fuchs chez qui désormais nous avons pris l'habitude de faire nos agapes. Nous avons ensuite foulé et pressé la vendange et nous sommes régalés du jus nouveau. Celui-ci a tout de suite été mis en cuve chez notre "maître de chai", Alain Moine. Le lendemain, nous avons procédé au débourbage, une opération nouvelle pour nous. Celle-ci a pour but d'éliminer avant la fermentation la lie déposée dans la nuit. Le vin n'en sera paraît-il que meilleur! Affaire à suivre.
Nous allons tenter cette année, sur les conseils de Pierre Facon, de faire un vin pétillant selon la méthode champenoise, la qualité de cette récolte 2001 s'y prêtant tout particulièrement. La température très douce a permis un bon démarrage de fermentation, il n'y a plus qu'à attendre !
Une journée…
Annie Pitolet ne journée de la mi-novembre se termine. Le ciel charrie vers l'est une cohorte de nuages gris plus où moins denses. Il est cinq heures, on est entre chien et loup. J'attends dans le flot des voitures venant de l'A3 que le feu passe au vert et me permette d'aborder la côte qui monte au Plateau. J'écoute le 1er Concerto pour piano et orchestre de Brahms dont les accents s'accordent bien avec la nostalgie de cette soirée d'automne. Mon regard se perd dans le ciel et est subitement accroché par un vol d'oiseaux que je ne reconnais pas de prime abord. Il y en a des centaines et des centaines. Ce sont des étourneaux, des sansonnets comme disait ma grandmère. J'en ai rarement vu autant. Leurs piaillements arrivent à couvrir la musique et bien qu'assez anarchique, leur trajectoire les mène vers l'ouest. U
Tout à coup, comme s'ils avaient reçu un signal, leur déferlement s'arrête et ils se posent tous sur les énormes pylônes et les fils à haute tension. On dirait une gigantesque réunion d'hirondelles avant la grande migration.
Pour la première fois, j'éprouve une pensée amicale pour ces monstres métalliques plutôt hideux qui accueillent cette concentration d'oiseaux en tendant généreusement leurs bras. C'est impressionnant, surréaliste, c'est magnifique.
Au-delà de la beauté de ce spectacle inattendu, je reste sur ma faim. Où vont-ils ? Pourquoi se rassemblement si soudain ? ? Qui en a donné le signal et comment ? Et une fois de plus, je me dis que devant les mystères de la nature, je ne sais rien ! …
Courrier reçu
à l'Anca
9
Madagascar
uelques notes sur les oiseaux du Sud-Ouest malgache. MADAGASCAR ! Q
La carte postale a retenu ses baobabs et ses lémuriens, ses jolies plages et ses fonds marins, ses habitants aux sourires malins. Et les oiseaux dans tout ça, hein ?! C'est vrai que l'oiseau le plus célèbre de espèces de perroquets assez voisines : le Petit perroquet Vaza, et le Grand perroquet. Tous deux sont tout noirs et de belle taille (40 cm à 50 cm de long pour le plus grand). Leur mauvaise réputation vient du fait de leur fâcheuse habitude à se nourrir des cultures.
Madagascar est l'Aepyornis, sorte d'Autruche géante ? disparue au XVIIè siècle.
Si personne ne parle des oiseaux de Madagascar, c'est probablement parce qu'il n'y en a pas beaucoup (environ 200 espèces résidentes) et qu'ils sont plutôt discrets, même s'ils sont peu farouches. Madagascar en effet n'est pas le paradis rêvé pour ornithologues en quête de pullulations d'oiseaux striant le ciel en tous sens et vous empêchant de faire la sieste.
Il faut aussi avouer que le Sud-Ouest n'est pas non plus le meilleur endroit pour observer les oiseaux dans cette île : "Le fourré du Sud-Ouest est une formation xérophile très spéciale qui représente un des aspects les plus originaux de la végétation malgache. Ce fourré est plus étrange que beau : le voyageur est vite rassasié de l'aspect tourmenté et rabougri de ces plantes rachitiques désertées par les oiseaux. La lutte pour l'existence sur ces sols surchauffés a engendré une flore bizarre où la couleur dominante est un gris vert-jaunâtre au début de l'été et bleuâtre ou glauque le reste du temps." (Salomon, le Sud-Ouest malgache). Je me dois désormais de vous confier que le but premier de ma présence à Madagascar n'était pas l'observation des oiseaux. Je souhaiterai cependant vous présenter quelques oiseaux que j'ai eu
la chance d'observer dans les environs de Tuléar (= Toliara).
Commençons par les oiseaux des villes, que j'ai eu le plus le loisir d'observer. Notons au passage l'absence surprenante à Tuléar de pigeons et moineaux. L'un des émigrés venu d'Asie qui le remplace est le Martin triste. C'est une sorte de Ménate brun venu d'Asie aux ailes noires trouées de blanc et dont le tour de l'oeil est jaune vif.
Le rôle d'éboueur est principalement joué par le Corbeau pie, qui a rajouté un élégant plastron blanc, qui lui couvre aussi le cou et les omoplates.
On rencontre dans les jardins un équivalent du merle : le Bulbul malgache. De la même taille mais de couleur plus claire que le merle, il a une calotte noire, l'oeil et le bec orange. Je vois aussi fréquemment de petits Souimanga angaladian qui me font penser à un croisement de colibri et de grimpereau. Il y a également de petites Eroesses, sorte de petites de fauvettes qui ont un comportement similaire.
Pendant ce temps passent haut dans le ciel le Guêpier de Madagascar, un Martinet non identifié, et le tout petit Faucon de Newton aux épaules rousses à bord noir et au ventre pâle. J'ai vu une fois passer un Epervier de Frances, très clair, et une autre un Milan noir, très sombre. Globalement peu de rapaces ici et notamment aucun vautour. Le fourré du sud-ouest malgache est très souvent dominé par un observateur : le Drongo malgache. C'est un oiseau noir brillant à la longue queue bifide et qui possède trois plumes qui rebiquent vers le haut à la base de son bec. On y observe parfois des groupes de Foudi comme le Tisserin écarlate, dont le mâle est d'un rouge écarlate, ou des couples de Huppe fasciée. Posée un peu partout sur les pistes et ne s'envolant qu'à la dernière extrémité, la Tourterelle du Cap ou Tourterelle à masque de fer est une fine et superbe tourterelle pâle à longue queue sombre, et dont le mâle a un masque noir sur la face.
On rencontre fréquemment la jolie Perruche à tête grise, et deux
On entend le matin et le soir le chant entêtant du Coucal malgache qui ressemble un peu au bruit d'une bouteille qui se vide. C'est une sorte de grosse pie à ailes rousses et corps noir mal peigné qui vole lourdement d'un arbre au sol où il passe l'essentiel de son temps. Le Coucal est de la famille des Coucous et des Couas : les Cuculidae. Une de mes plus belles observations concerne ainsi le Coua géant. De la taille d'un beau pigeon élancé, haut sur pattes, il se déplace par bonds, sa longue queue lui servant de balancier. D'un gris pâle au dos vert olive, il se dissimule assez bien dans les buissons malgré son incroyable tâche bleu clair métallique autour de l'oeil. Décidément, les Cuculidae sont de drôles d'oiseaux ?
Courant également sur le sol, on trouve la Pintade mitrée, et la Caille de Madagascar, qui ressemble beaucoup à la Caille des blés de chez nous.
Ce qui attire quelques touristes naturalistes à Tuléar, c'est la présence dans les environs de récifs coralliens de premier ordre (mais en forte régression depuis quelques années comme la plupart des récifs coralliens du monde pour des raisons mal connues). La côte possède aussi de vastes vasières où subsiste une rangée plus ou moins étroite de palétuviers.
Les mangroves sont peuplées de divers hérons : le Héron cendré , le Héron garde-boeufs, la Grande aigrette, et l'Aigrette dimorphe (formelocale de l'aigrette garzette dont l'une des formes est gris foncé). On y trouve aussi un petit Martin-pêcheur, l'Echasse, l'Ombrette, et l'Anhinga africain ou Oiseau-serpent dont le surnom vient de son long cou coudé. Le bord de mer est parfois parcouru par de petits limicoles pressés : pluviers, bécasseaux, chevaliers. Il n'y a pas de mouette, mais le Goéland dominicain, et des Sternes caspiennes. J'ai vu aussi passer au-dessus de falaises locales un Faucon pèlerin.
Et puis je souhaitais vous parler du Phaéton à queue rouge : c'est un oiseau blanc au bec rouge qui fait penser à une sterne mais possède une fine plume caudale rouge démesurée. D'où son autre nom de "paille en queue". Il a été découvert sur une île proche de Tuléar où l'on a longtemps cru qu'il était strictement cantonné avant qu'on ne trouve d'autres colonies sur quelques autres îlots voisins. Il reste extrêmement localisé mais est abondant et facile à observer.
Voici donc quelques oiseaux observés en début de saison sèche aux environs de Tuléar. Il y a un lac plus au sud où j'ai également observé deux espèces de flamands roses, une de canards, et des sortes de foulques.
Le Delachaux et Niestlé sur les oiseaux de Madagascar a été ma bible. Il existe un autre livre anglais (Birds of Malagasy) qui est plus récent et probablement plus précis mais dont les illustrations sont des photos moins pratiques à l'usage pour les amateurs peu confirmés. Je ne connais pas bien les autres livres qui sont existant. Si vous venez à Madagascar observer les oiseaux, bon voyage et bonne chance.
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Αριθμός απόφασης: 217/2019
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ΑΡΧΗ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΗΣ ΠΡΟΔΙΚΑΣΤΙΚΩΝ ΠΡΟΣΦΥΓΩΝ (Α.Ε.Π.Π.)
8ο ΚΛΙΜΑΚΙΟ
Συνήλθε στην έδρα της στις 07 Φεβρουαρίου 2019 με την εξής σύνθεση: Χρήστος Σώκος Πρόεδρος και Εισηγητής, Ιωάννης Κίτσος, Ιωάννα Θεμελή, Μέλη.
Για να εξετάσει την από 28.12.2018 με Γενικό Αριθμό Κατάθεσης (Γ.Α.Κ.) – Αρχή Εξέτασης Προδικαστικών Προσφυγών (ΑΕΠΠ) 1405/31.12.2018 Προδικαστική Προσφυγή της εταιρείας με την επωνυμία «…» που εδρεύει στην …, …, αρ. …, νομίμως εκπροσωπούμενης.
Κατά του Πανεπιστήμιου … (εφεξής αναθέτουσα αρχή), που εδρεύει στην…, στο …, νομίμως εκπροσωπούμενου.
Της παρεμβαίνουσας εταιρείας «...», που εδρεύει στην…, οδός … και …, η οποία κατέθεσε την από 10.01.2019 Παρέμβασή της.
Με την Προδικαστική Προσφυγή η προσφεύγουσα αιτείται να αναγνωρισθεί ότι: α) η τεχνική της προσφορά πληροί τους όρους της διακήρυξης, β) η μη υπογράμμιση των τεχνικών προδιαγραφών με συνέπεια την απόρριψη της προσφοράς της, είναι άκρως καταχρηστική, γ) να εξετασθεί στην ουσία η Τεχνική της Προσφορά και δ) να ανακηρυχθεί μειοδότρια του διαγωνισμού.
Με την Παρέμβασή της η παρεμβαίνουσα επιδιώκει την απόρριψη της υπό κρίση Προδικαστικής Προσφυγής.
Η συζήτηση άρχισε αφού άκουσε τον Εισηγητή Χρήστο Σώκο.
Αφού μελέτησε τα σχετικά έγγραφα
Σκέφτηκε κατά τον Νόμο
1. Επειδή, για την άσκηση της κρινόμενης Προδικαστικής Προσφυγής έχει καταβληθεί το νόμιμο παράβολο υπέρ Ελληνικού Δημοσίου με κωδικό ...,
ποσού εξακοσίων ευρώ (€600,00) σύμφωνα με τα άρθρα 363 παρ. 1 του Ν. 4412/2016 (ΦΕΚ Α΄ 147) και 5 παρ. 1 του Π.Δ. 39/2017 (ΦΕΚ Α΄ 64).
2. Επειδή, με την υπ' αριθμ. διακήρυξη ... της Ανοικτής Ηλεκτρονικής Διαδικασίας Σύναψης Σύμβασης κάτω των ορίων, η αναθέτουσα αρχή προκήρυξε διαγωνιστική διαδικασία για την ανάδειξη αναδόχου για την «Προμήθεια φωτοαντιγραφικών μηχανημάτων για τις ανάγκες των Τμημάτων & των Υπηρεσιών του Πανεπιστημίου …» προϋπολογιζόμενης δαπάνης χωρίς ΦΠΑ 117.016,13 € (145.100 € με ΦΠΑ 24%). Η εν λόγω διαδικασία έλαβε τον Συστημικό Αύξοντα Αριθμό ΕΣΗΔΗΣ 65176. Η καταληκτική ημερομηνία υποβολής των προσφορών ήταν, σύμφωνα με τη διακήρυξη, η 26η Νοεμβρίου 2018, ημέρα Δευτέρα και ώρα 18:00 και η ημερομηνία ηλεκτρονικής αποσφράγισης των προσφορών ήταν η 3η Σεπτεμβρίου 2018, ημέρα Δευτέρα και ώρα 11:00 π.μ. Στις 24.11.2018 η προσφεύγουσα υπέβαλε την προσφορά της στον ηλεκτρονικό διαγωνισμό για τα φωτοαντιγραφικά μηχανήματα 1,2,3,4,5,7 και 8.
3. Επειδή, στον συγκεκριμένο Διαγωνισμό συμμετείχαν εμπρόθεσμα και νομότυπα εκτός από την προσφεύγουσα και οι ακόλουθοι οικονομικοί φορείς: 1. «…» και 2. «…». Στις 21/12/2018 ανακοινώθηκε μέσω ΕΣΗΔΗΣ, η απόφαση 913/42501/21-12-2018 του Πρυτανικού Συμβουλίου με θέμα: Έγκριση των Πρακτικών 1 & 2 της Επιτροπής Διενέργειας & Αξιολόγησης των προσφορών που κατατέθηκαν στα πλαίσια της Ανοικτής Ηλεκτρονικής Διαδικασίας Σύναψης Σύμβασης κάτω των ορίων για την «Προμήθεια φωτοαντιγραφικών μηχανημάτων για τις ανάγκες των Τμημάτων & των Υπηρεσιών του Πανεπιστημίου ...» (Αρ. Διακ. ...). Σύμφωνα με την ανωτέρω η αναθέτουσα αρχή αποφάσισε: Α) την απόρριψη της τεχνικής προσφοράς της προσφεύγουσας εταιρείας «…», Β) την απόρριψη της προσφοράς της εταιρείας «…» λόγω μη σωστής υποβολής δικαιολογητικών συμμετοχής, Γ) την απόρριψη της προσφοράς της εταιρείας «...» για τα τμήματα – φωτοαντιγραφικά μηχανήματα 1,3,6,7 και την αποδοχή της προσφοράς της για το τμήμα-φωτοαντιγραφικό μηχάνημα 5, Δ) την αποδοχή της οικονομικής προσφοράς της εταιρείας «...» για το τμήμα-φωτοαντιγραφικό μηχάνημα 5 και Ε) την ανάδειξη ως προσωρινής αναδόχου για το ως άνω τμήμαφωτοαντιγραφικό της εταιρείας «...».
4. Επειδή, κατά της τελευταίας υπ' αριθμ. 913/42501/21-12-2018 απόφασης του Πρυτανικού Συμβουλίου, με την οποία απερρίφθη η τεχνική της προσφορά, προσέφυγε η προσφεύγουσα καταθέτοντας, δια ανάρτησης στο ΕΣΗΔΗΣ την 28.12.2018, με τη χρήση του τυποποιημένου εντύπου της ΑΕΠΠ όπως προβλέπεται από τα άρθρα 362 παρ. 2 Ν. 4412/2016 και 8 παρ. 2 Κανονισμού, την υπό κρίση Προδικαστική Προσφυγή αιτούμενη την ακύρωσή της.
5. Επειδή, η προσφεύγουσα, στρεφόμενη κατά της επίμαχης Απόφασης και συγκεκριμένα κατά της απόρριψης της προσφοράς της, ασκεί την Προσφυγή με άμεσο, προσωπικό και ενεστώς έννομο συμφέρον [ΣτΕ (Γ΄ Τμήμα) 328/2011, ΕΑ 213/2011, (Δ΄ Τμήμα, 7μελές) 2166/2003, (Ε΄ Τμήμα) 414/2002, Ολομ. 280/1996], καθώς, δραστηριοποιούμενη επιχειρηματικά στον χώρο όπου υπάγεται η επίμαχη δημόσια σύμβαση προμηθειών, συμμετείχε στον Διαγωνισμό καταθέτοντας νόμιμα την Προσφορά της και πλέον μετά την έκδοση της προσβαλλόμενης Απόφασης με την οποία απερρίφθη η προσφορά της, παρανόμως όπως υποστηρίζει, υφίσταται βλάβη όπως απαιτείται από τις διατάξεις των άρθρων 360 παρ. 1 Ν. 4412/2016 και 3 παρ. 1 Π.Δ. 39/2017.
6. Επειδή, η επίμαχη διαγωνιστική διαδικασία, ως εκ του αντικειμένου της, της προϋπολογισθείσας δαπάνης και του χρόνου εκκίνησης της, εμπίπτει στο πεδίο εφαρμογής του Βιβλίου ΙV του Ν. 4412/2016.
7. Επειδή, η Αναθέτουσα Αρχή, κοινοποίησε στις 31.12.2018 την υπό εξέταση προδικαστική προσφυγή σε κάθε ενδιαφερόμενο τρίτο, ο οποίος μπορεί να θίγεται από την αποδοχή της προσφυγής και απέστειλε στην AΕΠΠ τις απόψεις της για την υπό εξέταση προδικαστική προσφυγή.
8. Επειδή, εν γένει παραδεκτώς και εμπροθέσμως, σύμφωνα με τις διατάξεις του άρθρου 362 παρ. 1 και 3 του Ν. 4412/2016 και του άρθρου 7 του Π.Δ.39/2017 παρεμβαίνει η συμμετέχουσα εταιρεία με την επωνυμία «...» αφού η εν λόγω προσφυγή κοινοποιήθηκε από την αναθέτουσα αρχή στην Παρεμβαίνουσα μέσω του δικτυακού τόπου του διαγωνισμού στο Ε.Σ.Η.ΔΗ.Σ. στις 31.12.2018, οπότε και εκκινεί η σχετική 10ήμερη προθεσμία προς άσκηση παρέμβασης, και η εν λόγω Παρέμβαση ασκήθηκε στις 10.01.2019, η
παρεμβαίνουσα, δε, έχει προφανές έννομο συμφέρον να παρέμβει, αφού επιδιώκει τη διατήρηση ισχύος της προσβαλλόμενης πράξης με την οποία έχει γίνει δεκτή η προσφορά της για το τμήμα-φωτοαντιγραφικό μηχάνημα με αριθμό 5 και έχει ανακηρυχθεί προσωρινή ανάδοχος.
9. Επειδή, η προσφεύγουσα με την υπό κρίση προσφυγή της στρέφεται κατά της προσβαλλόμενης απόφασης που απέρριψε την τεχνική της προσφορά με την αιτιολογία ότι στους Γενικούς Όρους της ∆ιακήρυξης, σελ. 59, ζητούνταν να επισηµαίνονται ευκρινώς τα ζητούμενα τεχνικά χαρακτηριστικά στα φυλλάδια, κάτι το οποίο δεν έπραξε και υποστηρίζει επί λέξει ότι «… η τεχνική μας προσφορά περιλαμβάνει τους πίνακες συμμόρφωσης στους οποίους αναφέρονται αριθμοί φυλλαδίων και αριθμοί σελίδων. Στις σελίδες που υποδεικνύονται αναφέρονται σαφώς και χωρίς καμία αμφισβήτηση, τα ζητούμενα κατά περίπτωση χαρακτηριστικά. Η πρόταση «πάνω στα οποία θα πρέπει να επισημαίνονται ευκρινώς τα ζητούμενα χαρακτηριστικά», ερμηνεύεται ως προς την καθαρότητα και σαφήνεια των φυλλαδίων καθώς και στο κατά πόσον εύκολα αναζητάει και βρίσκει κάθε ενδιαφερόμενος την ζητούμενη απάντηση ώστε να μην υπάρχει καμία αμφισβήτηση όσον αφορά τις ζητούμενες τεχνικές προδιαγραφές. Στην διακήρυξη ... και στα παραρτήματα αυτής δεν αναφέρεται και δεν ζητείται καμία υπογράμμιση ή αναγραφή του αριθμού της κάθε προδιαγραφής σε συγκεκριμένες θέσεις στα τεχνικά φυλλάδια. Επιπλέον, βάσει του Άρθρου 102 του Ν. 4412/2016, το οποίο ορίζει ότι: «1. Κατά τη διαδικασία αξιολόγησης των προσφορών…2. Η πιο πάνω διευκρίνιση ή η συμπλήρωση αφορά μόνο τις ασάφειες, επουσιώδεις πλημμέλειες ή πρόδηλα τυπικά σφάλματα που επιδέχονται διόρθωση ή συμπλήρωση…». Σύμφωνα με την παραπάνω διάταξη, η επιτροπή δεν θα έπρεπε να απορρίψει την προσφορά μας, αλλά θα έπρεπε να μας καλέσει προκειμένου να επισημάνουμε με όποιο τρόπο η επιτροπή θεωρεί κατάλληλο (υπογράμμιση, χρωματισμός κειμένου κτλ), έγγραφα που έχουν ήδη υποβληθεί (δηλαδή τα τεχνικά φυλλάδια) όπως ακριβώς αναφέρεται παραπάνω στο άρθρο 102. Στην περίπτωση αυτή δεν θα γινόταν αντικατάσταση των εντύπων με άλλα διαφορετικού περιεχομένου, αλλά συμπλήρωση με υπογράμμιση (ή οποίο άλλο τρόπο) των ήδη υποβληθέντων, όπως προβλέπεται και απαιτείται…».
10. Επειδή η αναθέτουσα με τις απόψεις της αναφέρει σχετικώς ότι «Οι προβαλλόμενοι εις την προσφυγή λόγοι είναι αβάσιμοι και απορριπτέοι, διότι στις σελίδες που υποδεικνύονται (στο πεδίο Παραπομπές του Πίνακα Συμμόρφωσης) στα σχετικά τεχνικά φυλλάδια αναγράφονται πλειάδα χαρακτηριστικών τα οποία μπορεί να αφορούν διαφορετικά μηχανήματα ή / και εναλλακτικές παραμετροποιήσεις του προσφερόμενου μηχανήματος και γι' αυτόν ακριβώς το λόγο (το συγκεκριμένο πρόβλημα έχει προκύψει ξανά κατά το πρόσφατο παρελθόν) ζητείται από τη Διακήρυξη να «επισημαίνονται ευκρινώς τα ζητούμενα χαρακτηριστικά» στα τεχνικά φυλλάδια.». Όσον αφορά την άποψη του οικονομικού φορέα "..." για την ανωτέρω διατύπωση και την ερμηνεία της «ως προς την καθαρότητα και τη σαφήνεια των φυλλαδίων καθώς και στο κατά πόσον εύκολα αναζητάει και βρίσκει κάθε ενδιαφερόμενος την ζητούμενη απάντηση η Επιτροπή θεωρεί ότι η διατύπωση «να επισημαίνονται» είναι κυριολεκτική, δεν επιδέχεται κάποιας ερμηνείας, και έχει την έννοια του «σημαίνω επί» δηλαδή «τοποθετώ ορισμένο σημάδι ώστε να φαίνεται», «βάζω σήμα πάνω σε κάτι», «μαρκάρω ώστε να γίνει αξιοπρόσεκτο», «βάζω κάποιο σημάδι για να αναγνωρίσω κάτι». Δεν ζητείται συγκεκριμένα υπογράμμιση ή διαγράμμιση ή αρίθμηση ή highlight καθώς οποιαδήποτε μέθοδος επισήμανσης επιλεχθεί από τον υποψήφιο Ανάδοχο είναι αποδεκτή. Στη συγκεκριμένη περίπτωση όμως, όπως αναφέρεται και στο σχετικό πρακτικό, δεν υπάρχει σε κανένα φυλλάδιο κανενός είδους επισήμανση. Σχετικά με τις προβλέψεις του Άρθρου 102 του Ν. 4412/2016, η οποιαδήποτε «διόρθωση» - «διευκρίνιση» θα απαιτούσε την εκ νέου υποβολή όλων των τεχνικών Φυλλαδίων στα οποία θα υπήρχαν οι (ολοκληρωτικά απούσες στα υπάρχοντα φυλλάδια) σχετικές (εκατοντάδες τον αριθμό) επισημάνεις (καθ' οιονδήποτε τρόπο υπογραμμίσεις, αρίθμηση, highlight κοκ). Μια εκ νέου όμως υποβολή όλων των τεχνικών φυλλαδίων, με τέτοιας έκτασης προσθήκες (εκατοντάδες επισημάνσεις), οι οποίες αφορούν (όλες) σε όρο συμμετοχής (επί ποινής αποκλεισμού) στο Διαγωνισμό, κρίνεται ότι δεν συνάδει με τις σχετικές προβλέψεις του Άρθρου 102 του Ν. 4412/2016. Επιπλέον, όπως εξάλλου έχει ήδη καταγραφεί στο σχετικό πρακτικό της Επιτροπής Διενέργειας & Αξιολόγησης του Διαγωνισμού, σύμφωνα με το Άρθρο 102 του Ν. 4412/2016, «Η συμπλήρωση ή η διευκρίνιση, κατά το
πρώτο εδάφιο, δεν επιτρέπεται να έχει ως συνέπεια μεταγενέστερη αντικατάσταση ή υποβολή εγγράφων σε συμμόρφωση με τους όρους της διακήρυξης». Στη συγκεκριμένη περίπτωση θα έπρεπε να υποβληθούν μεταγενέστερα έγγραφα (όλα τα τεχνικά φυλλάδια) σε συμμόρφωση με τους όρους (ευκρινείς επισημάνσεις) της Διακήρυξης.»
11. Επειδή η παρεμβαίνουσα με την παρέμβασή της στρέφεται κατά της υπό κρίση προδικαστικής προσφυγής υποστηρίζοντας τα εξής: «Η προσφεύγουσα εταιρεία έχει υποβάλει προσφορά για τα είδη 1,2,3,4,5,7& 8του διαγωνισμού, η οποία απορρίφθηκε. Η εταιρεία μας, συμμετείχε επίσης στον ίδιο διαγωνισμό υποβάλλοντας την με Α/Α Συστήματος 118013 προσφορά της για τα είδη 1,3,5,6 και 7 του Διαγωνισμού και έχει αναδειχθεί προσωρινή ανάδοχος για το Είδος 5 του Διαγωνισμού, ενώ εκκρεμεί και η υποβληθείσα στις 31.12.2018 προσφυγή μας (ΓΑΚ της ΑΕΠΠ 9/2019] όσον αφορά την απόρριψη της προσφοράς μας για το Είδος 6 του Διαγωνισμού. Συνεπώς, με προφανές έννομο συμφέρον όσον αφορά το είδος που η εταιρεία μας ήδη έχει ανακηρυχθεί προσωρινή ανάδοχος και για το οποίο έχει υποβάλει προσφορά και η αποκλεισθείσα προσφεύγουσα, αλλά και για τα λοιπά είδη για τα οποία υποβάλαμε προσφορά και συμπίπτουν με τα είδη για τα οποία έχει υποβληθεί η απορριφθείσα προσφορά της προσφεύγουσας, παρεμβαίνουμε υπέρ του κύρους της προσβαλλόμενης απόφασης και ζητούμε την απόρριψη της υπό κρίση προδικαστικής προσφυγής για τους ακόλουθους νόμιμους και βάσιμους λόγους: Α.1.Στους Γενικούς Όρους της Διακήρυξης, σελ. 59, ορίζονται τα ακόλουθα : «Για όλα τα τεχνικά χαρακτηριστικά των προσφερόμενων ειδών στους πίνακες συμμόρφωσης και επί ποινή αποκλεισμού, θα πρέπει να υπάρχουν στις αντίστοιχες παραπομπές συγκεκριμένες αναφορές στα τεχνικά φυλλάδια των κατασκευαστών (αριθμός φυλλαδίου / αριθμός σελίδας] πάνω στα οποία θα πρέπει να επισημαίνονται ευκρινώς τα ζητούμενα χαρακτηριστικά.»2. Στην Τεχνική Προσφορά της εταιρείας "..." δεν υπάρχουν (σε κανένα από τα τεχνικά φυλλάδια] επισημάνσεις των χαρακτηριστικών των προσφερόμενων ειδών. Όπως ορθώς έκρινε η αναθέτουσα αρχή, η Τεχνική Προσφορά της εταιρείας "...", δεν ήταν σύμφωνη με απαράβατους όρους της Διακήρυξης και έπρεπε να απορριφθεί. Β. Με την προδικαστική προσφυγή της η προσφεύγουσα αμφισβητεί το πρώτον κατά το στάδιο αξιολόγησης των προσφορών, ως «καταχρηστικό» τον
ανωτέρω όρο 184.108.40.206. της Διακήρυξης που απαιτεί επί ποινή απόρριψης της
προσφοράς, πάνω στα τεχνικά φυλλάδια «να επισημαίνονται ευκρινώς τα ζητούμενα χαρακτηριστικά». Ωστόσο, εάν η προσφεύγουσα είχε οποιαδήποτε ένσταση ως προς τη νομιμότητα και την κατ' αυτήν 'καταχρηστικότητα' του ανωτέρω όρου, όφειλε να την προβάλει επικαίρως, ασκώντας προδικαστική προσφυγή κατά της Διακήρυξης. Μη πράττοντας τούτο, αποδέχθηκε τους όρους Διακήρυξης και στερείται πλέον εννόμου συμφέροντος για την αμφισβήτηση της νομιμότητάς τους, με την υπό κρίση προδικαστική προσφυγής της (μεταξύ πολλών Ολομ.ΣτΕ 1415/2000]. Γ. Πέραν των ανωτέρω, δεν συντρέχει περίπτωση συμπλήρωσης των εγγράφων της προσφοράς της προσφεύγουσας. Διότι η κλήση για την συμπλήρωση δικαιολογητικών επιτρέπεται όταν έχουν κατ' αρχήν υποβληθεί προσηκόντως, όχι όταν αυτά που υποβλήθηκαν δεν πληρούν τις απαιτήσεις της Διακήρυξης που έχουν τεθεί ρητώς επί ποινή αποκλεισμού. Είναι δε σαφές ότι η προβλεπόμενη στην παρ. 5 του άρθρου 102 του ν. 4412/2016 παροχή δυνατότητας διευκρινίσεων στον προσφέροντα, αφορά μόνο ασάφειες των δικαιολογητικών και εγγράφων που υποβλήθηκαν νομίμως και προσηκόντως, από απόψεως τύπου και περιεχομένου και όχι για δικαιολογητικά τα οποία στερούνται του προβλεπόμενου επί ποινή απόρριψης κατά τη Διακήρυξη περιεχομένου, προς άρση της σχετικής έλλειψης. Όπως έχει κριθεί (ΕΑ ΣτΕ 184/2017] κατά τις διατάξεις του άρθρου 102 του ν. 4412/2016, ερμηνευόμενες σύμφωνα με την αρχή της τυπικότητας, όταν το περιεχόμενο της υποβληθείσης προσφοράς παρουσιάζει έλλειψη στοιχείου κατά παράβαση όρου της Διακηρύξεως, για την οποία (παράβαση] η Διακήρυξη προβλέπει ποινή αποκλεισμού, δεν υφίσταται δυνατότητα άρσεως της παραβάσεως από τον διαγωνιζόμενο κατά το στάδιο του ελέγχου των προσφορών ούτε, βεβαίως, δυνατότητα της αναθέτουσας αρχής να καλέσει τον διαγωνιζόμενο προς άρση της παραβάσεως (πρβλ. ΕΑ 867/2009, 422/2009, 1211/2008, 1319/2007]. Σημειώνεται επιπροσθέτως ότι εν προκειμένω η σχετική έλλειψη της προσφοράς της προσφεύγουσας είναι ουσιώδης, διότι καθιστά αδύνατη την ουσιαστική αξιολόγηση της προσφοράς της και την τεκμηρίωση της συμμόρφωσης των προσφερομένων ειδών με τις απαιτήσεις της Διακήρυξης. Για τον λόγο αυτό και η σχετική απαίτηση περί επισήμανσης των χαρακτηριστικών ευκρινώς επί των τεχνικών φυλλαδίων έχει τεθεί επί ποινή
απορρίψεως της προσφοράς. Άλλωστε, το ότι δεν επιτρέπεται κατά νόμο η συμπλήρωση της προσφοράς της προσφεύγουσας, καθίσταται σαφές εάν ληφθεί υπόψη ότι, στην πράξη, προκειμένου να ικανοποιηθεί το αίτημα της προσφεύγουσας για την κατ' αυτήν 'διευκρίνιση' των εγγράφων της τεχνικής προσφοράς της, θα απαιτείτο η υποβολή εκ νέου αυτούσιων όλων των τεχνικών φυλλαδίων της προσφοράς της, με την επ' αυτών επισήμανση των τεχνικών χαρακτηριστικών που απαιτούνται κατά τη Διακήρυξη. Θα επρόκειτο δηλαδή για περίπτωση, η οποία σαφώς εμπίπτει στην απαγορευόμενη κατά το άρθρο 102 του ν. 4412/2016 αντικατάσταση εγγράφων σε συμμόρφωση με όρους της Διακήρυξης, για εκ νέου δηλαδή υποβολή εγγράφων προς ίαση των μη νομίμως και προσηκόντως υποβληθέντων τεχνικών φυλλαδίων…».
12. Επειδή, το άρθρο 220.127.116.11. της Διακήρυξης ορίζει ότι «H τεχνική προσφορά θα πρέπει να καλύπτει όλες τις απαιτήσεις και τις προδιαγραφές που έχουν τεθεί από την αναθέτουσα αρχή με τους πίνακες συμμόρφωσης Τεχνικής Προσφοράς ανά τμήμα (είδος) του ΠΑΡΑΡΤΗΜΑΤΟΣ Ι της διακήρυξης, περιγράφοντας ακριβώς πώς οι συγκεκριμένες απαιτήσεις και προδιαγραφές πληρούνται. Περιλαμβάνει ιδίως τα έγγραφα και δικαιολογητικά, βάσει των οποίων θα αξιολογηθεί η καταλληλότητα των προσφερόμενων ειδών, με βάση το κριτήριο ανάθεσης, σύμφωνα με τα αναλυτικώς αναφερόμενα στο ως άνω Παράρτημα. Για όλα τα τεχνικά χαρακτηριστικά των προσφερόμενων ειδών στους πίνακες συμμόρφωσης και επί ποινή αποκλεισμού, θα πρέπει να υπάρχουν στις αντίστοιχες παραπομπές συγκεκριμένες αναφορές στα τεχνικά φυλλάδια των κατασκευαστών (αριθμός φυλλαδίου / αριθμός σελίδας) πάνω στα οποία θα πρέπει να επισημαίνονται ευκρινώς τα ζητούμενα χαρακτηριστικά. Για όλα τα τεχνικά φυλλάδια θα πρέπει να παρέχεται η σχετική παραπομπή (σύνδεσμος / URL) στην online έκδοση στον ιστότοπο του κατασκευαστή. Σε περίπτωση κατά την οποία ζητούμενα τεχνικά χαρακτηριστικά δεν αναγράφονται στα προσκομισθέντα τεχνικά φυλλάδια, θα πρέπει να προσκομισθεί η σχετική βεβαίωση του κατασκευαστή ή του επίσημου αντιπροσώπου του στην Ελλάδα.».
13. Επειδή, κατά πάγια νομολογία, η Διακήρυξη αποτελεί κανονιστική πράξη, η οποία διέπει τον Διαγωνισμό και δεσμεύει, τόσο την αναθέτουσα αρχή, η οποία διενεργεί αυτόν (ΣτΕ 3703/2010, 53/2011, ΕΣ VI Τμήμα Πράξεις 78/2007, 19/2005, 31/2003 κ.λπ.), όσο και τους διαγωνιζόµενους. Η δε παράβαση ουσιωδών διατάξεων της Διακήρυξης οδηγεί σε ακυρότητα των αποφάσεων της αναθέτουσας αρχής, με τις οποίες εγκρίνονται οι επιμέρους φάσεις της διαδικασίας, καθώς και το αποτέλεσμα του Διαγωνισμού (ΣτΕ 2772/1986, 3670/1992, 2137/1993 κλπ), αντιστοίχως, η παράβαση τέτοιων διατάξεων της Διακήρυξης από τους διαγωνιζόμενους, καθιστά απαράδεκτες τις υποβληθείσες προσφορές τους. Επειδή, κατά την ερμηνεία των όρων κάθε Διακήρυξης ο ερμηνευτής του δικαίου πρέπει να αναζητεί το πραγματικό νόημα των ενσωματωμένων σε αυτή κανόνων με αφετηρία τη λεκτική, ήτοι γραμματική διατύπωσή τους (γραμματική ερμηνευτική μέθοδος).
14. Επειδή το άρθρο 102 του Ν.4412/2016 ορίζει ότι «Κατά τη διαδικασία αξιολόγησης των προσφορών ή αιτήσεων συμμετοχής, η αναθέτουσα αρχή μπορεί να καλεί εγγράφως τους προσφέροντες ή τους υποψηφίους να διευκρινίζουν ή να συμπληρώνουν τα έγγραφα ή δικαιολογητικά που έχουν υποβάλει, μέσα σε εύλογη προθεσμία, η οποία δεν μπορεί να είναι μικρότερη από επτά (7) ημέρες από την ημερομηνία κοινοποίησης σε αυτούς της σχετικής πρόσκλησης. Οποιαδήποτε διευκρίνιση ή συμπλήρωση που υποβάλλεται από τους προσφέροντες ή υποψηφίους, χωρίς να έχει ζητηθεί από την αναθέτουσα αρχή, δεν λαμβάνεται υπόψη. 2. Η πιο πάνω διευκρίνιση ή η συμπλήρωση αφορά μόνο τις ασάφειες, επουσιώδεις πλημμέλειες ή πρόδηλα τυπικά σφάλματα που επιδέχονται διόρθωση ή συμπλήρωση, ιδίως δε παράλειψη μονογραφών, διακεκομμένη αρίθμηση, ελαττώματα συσκευασίας και σήμανσης του φακέλου και των υποφακέλων των προσφορών ή αιτήσεων συμμετοχής, λεκτικές και φραστικές αποκλίσεις των εγγράφων της προσφοράς από την ορολογία των εγγράφων της σύμβασης, που δεν επιφέρουν έννομες συνέπειες ως προς το περιεχόμενό τους, ελλείψεις ως προς τα νομιμοποιητικά στοιχεία, πλημμελής σήμανση αντιγράφων που εκδίδονται, σύμφωνα με τις διατάξεις του άρθρου 1 του ν. 4250/2014 (Α' 74), μεταφράσεων και λοιπών πιστοποιητικών ή βεβαιώσεων, διαφοροποίηση της δομής των εγγράφων της προσφοράς από
9
τα υποδείγματα, υποχρεωτικά ή μη, που θεσπίζονται με νόμο, κανονιστικές πράξεις ή τα έγγραφα της σύμβασης. Η συμπλήρωση ή η διευκρίνιση, κατά το πρώτο εδάφιο, δεν επιτρέπεται να έχει ως συνέπεια μεταγενέστερη αντικατάσταση ή υποβολή εγγράφων σε συμμόρφωση με τους όρους της διακήρυξης, αλλά μόνο τη διευκρίνιση ή συμπλήρωση, ακόμη και με νέα έγγραφα, εγγράφων ή δικαιολογητικών που έχουν ήδη υποβληθεί.»
15. Επειδή, σύμφωνα με τους όρους της Διακήρυξης και τις σκέψεις 12-14, σε συνδυασμό με την μελέτη του ηλεκτρονικού φακέλου προσφοράς της προσφεύγουσας, προκύπτει ότι η τελευταία κατέθεσε στις 24.11.2018 τα Τεχνικά στοιχεία της προσφοράς της για τα φωτοαντιγραφικά μηχανήματα των τμημάτων 1,2,3,4,5,7 και 8. Στους πίνακες συμμόρφωσης που κατέθεσε υπάρχουν παραπομπές στους αριθμούς φυλλαδίων και στους αριθμούς των σελίδων, όμως σε κανένα σημείο των φυλλαδίων δεν υπάρχει κάποια επισήμανση για την εκάστοτε απαιτούμενη τεχνική προδιαγραφή – περιγραφή. Η Διακήρυξη στο άρθρο 18.104.22.168. απαιτούσε σαφώς και επί ποινή απαραδέκτου την επισήμανση των ζητούμενων χαρακτηριστικών επί των φυλλαδίων και όχι απλώς την αναφορά στον αριθμό της σελίδας αυτών. Η επισήμανση θα μπορούσε να γίνει με οποιοδήποτε τρόπο ο εκάστοτε οικονομικός φορέας θεωρούσε πρόσφορο, κάτι το οποίο δεν έπραξε η προσφεύγουσα, καθισταμένης απορριπτέας για αυτό τον λόγο της τεχνικής της προσφοράς, αφού δεν μπορούσε η Επιτροπή του Διαγωνισμού να αξιολογήσει εάν τα προσφερόμενα φωτοαντιγραφικά μηχανήματα πληρούσαν τις τεχνικές προδιαγραφές της Διακήρυξης. Ως εκ τούτου τυχόν πρόσκληση της προσφεύγουσας να επισημάνει εκ των υστέρων τα δεκάδες πεδία τεχνικών χαρακτηριστικών στα φυλλάδια ή να προσκομίσει εκ νέου φυλλάδια με τις επισημάνσεις σε αυτά, θα αποτελούσε ουσιαστικά αντικατάσταση της τεχνικής της προσφοράς, κάτι το οποίο είναι απαράδεκτο βάσει του άρθρου 102 παρ.2 του Ν.4412.2016. Επομένως ο λόγος της προσφυγής πρέπει να απορριφθεί ως αβάσιμος.
16. Επειδή, κατ' ακολουθία, η κρινόμενη Προδικαστική Προσφυγή πρέπει να απορριφθεί και να γίνει δεκτή η Παρέμβαση.
17. Επειδή, ύστερα από την προηγούμενη σκέψη, το Παράβολο που κατέθεσε η προσφεύγουσα πρέπει να καταπέσει (άρθρο 363 Ν. 4412/2016).
Για τους λόγους αυτούς
Απορρίπτει την Προδικαστική Προσφυγή.
Δέχεται την Παρέμβαση.
Ορίζει την κατάπτωση του προσκομισθέντος Παραβόλου.
Κρίθηκε και αποφασίσθηκε στις 07 Φεβρουαρίου 2019 και εκδόθηκε στις 27 Φεβρουαρίου 2019.
Ο Πρόεδρος
Ο Γραμματέας
Χρήστος Σώκος
Νικόλαος Λιακατσίδας
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<urn:uuid:fefdaf55-6cf3-4417-be34-1de5b995c5ac>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ell_Grek/train
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finepdfs
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ell_Grek
| 21,534
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| NO. | TENDERER | AMOUNT |
|-----|---------------------------------|-----------------|
| 01 | Jasper Roodtjurg | R785903-40 |
| 02 | Elicentro | R775776-00 |
| 03 | Grosscheck information | R983250-00 |
| 04 | Mmadi and Company | R1300000-00 |
**SURNAMES AND INITIALS**
**SIGNATURE**
**REVIEWED BY**
**APPROVED BY**
**ORDERED BY**
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<urn:uuid:c5cae078-78d4-4483-a551-ee4661b15c54>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
eng_Latn
| 452
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ТЕХНИЧЕСКА СПЕЦИФИКАЦИЯ
Наименование на
поръчката:
"Обновяване и модернизация на читалище НЧ "Св.Св. Кирил и Методий - гр. Раковски - 1908""
Място и срок за изпълнение на поръчката. Стойност на поръчката.
Мястото за изпълнение на поръчката е сградата на Читалище НЧ „Св. Св. Кирил и Методий – гр. Раковски – 1908" – град Раковски, ул. „Москва" № 23.
Срокът за изпълнение на предмета на поръчката е не по-малко от 90 (деветдесет) и не повече от 365 (триста шестдесет и пет) календарни дни. Срокът започва да тече от датата на подписване на Протокол за откриване на строителната площадка и изтича с подписването на Констативен протокол за установяване годността за ползване.
Предвид спецификата на местонахождението на сградата, обект на настоящата поръчка, може да се наложи частично спиране на строителните и монтажните работи за определено време (по време на направата на централен площад – гр. Раковски, кв. „Ген. Николаево). Срокът на договора ще се удължи с времето, през което не са се изпълнявали строителни и монтажни работи, за което се съставя Протокол, подписан от упълномощени представители на страните по договора.
Максималната прогнозна стойност за изпълнението на предмета на поръчката е в размер до 286741,97 лева (двеста осемдесет и шест хиляди седемстотин четиридесет и един лева и деветдесет и седем стотинки), без ДДС.
Оферти, съдържащи предлагана цена, която е по голяма от посочената по-горе максимална прогноза стойност, ще бъдат отстранявани.
ВЪЗЛОЖИТЕЛЯТ заплаща цената на извършените СМР в срок до 30 (тридесет) дни от датата на представяне на всеки двустранно подписан приемателен протокол тип Акт обр. 19 (съставен в процеса на изпълнение на СМР за всеки издаден от Възложителя възлагателен лист) и оригинална фактура за всяка дължима сума.
Оглед на обектите
Заинтересованите лица могат да извършат оглед на обекта, който може да се реализира всеки работен ден от 9:00 до 16:00 часа, до датата, определена като краен срок за получаване на оферти, след предварителна заявка на тел. +3593151 2141 или на електронна поща: email@example.com.
Техническото предложение на участника трябва да съответства на настоящата Техническа спецификация и условията в Образец № 3 от документацията за участие. Към него задължително се прилагат:
1. Обяснителна записка, която съдържа:
Методология и организация на изпълнението;
Методи и организация на текущия контрол от Изпълнителя на качеството на дейностите при изпълнението на поръчката;
Мерки и изисквания за осигуряване на безопасност и здраве при извършване на СМР, включително за местата със специфични рискове;
Списък на отговорните лица (име, длъжност, работодател) за провеждане на контрол и координиране на плановете на отделните строители за местата, в които има специфични рискове, и за евакуация, тренировки и/или обучение;
2. Списък на производителите на материали, съгласно Техническата спецификация на Възложителя, които ще бъдат вложени в обекта, съдържащ минимум следната информация – вид продукт, производител, страна на произход, технически и функционални характеристики, гаранция на материала от производителя.
Към списъка се прилагат информационни материали (каталози, рекламни брошури, продуктови спецификации или др., представящи основните продукти и техните технически показатели, които позволяват Възложителят да се запознае достатъчно ясно и подробно с намеренията на участника).
3. Декларация за експлоатационни показатели и/или характеристики на строителен продукт, съгласно чл. 4, ал. 1 от Наредба № РД-02-20-1 от 5 февруари 2015 г. за условията и реда за влагане на строителни продукти в строежите на Република България на основните материали, съгласно техническата спецификация:
4. Строителен ситуационен план (представен в графичен формат), в който са предвидени елементите на строителната площадка, в т.ч. брой и разположение на предвижданите от участника временни бази, като е посочена тяхната взаимовръзка с околното пространство (подходни пътища, зелени площи, тротоари, съседни обекти);
5. Схема на местата за складиране на строителни продукти, временни съоръжения и контейнери за отпадъци (представена в графичен формат), в която се съдържат всички елементи и е показан достъпът до посочените в нея места за складиране на строителни продукти, за поставяне на временните съоръжения и на контейнерите за отпадъци;
6. Линеен график за изпълнение на поръчката – съответстващ на Техническата спецификация и на предложения срок за изпълнение на поръчката;
7. График на работната ръка - съответстващ на Техническата спецификация и на предложения срок за изпълнение на поръчката.
І. Изисквания към обхвата на отделните видове строително-монтажни работи и технически изисквания към тях. Изисквания за изпълнение на обекта на поръчката.
Ще бъде извършено следното:
Работи по подготовка на строителната площадка;
СМР;
Довършителни строителни работи.
Сградата на НЧ „Св. Св. Кирил и Методий" се намира на ул. „Москва" № 23, гр. Раковски, общ. Раковски, Пловдивска област. Читалището е разположено в центъра на града, където е и градският площад. Главният вход на читалището от запад. Сградата
има още два евакуационни изхода на източната фасада. Сградата на читалището е монолитна и е построена през 1963 г. Състои се от два надземни и един подземен етажи. Изградена е от стоманобетонен скелет с конструктивни носещи елементи (греди, колони и плочи) и зидария от тухли. Покривът е с дървена конструкция с покритие от етернитови панели. Покривите на едноетажните обеми са стоманобетонни плочи, покрити с ламарина.
От главния вход на приземния етаж се влиза във фоайе с връзка към зрителна зала с 492 места, сцена, складове за декори, гримьорни и санитарни възли. На същия етаж е разположена обредна зала за нуждите на общината и помещение, ползвано като банков клон от предишен наемател. Вдясно от сградата има вече е фитнес зала с тераса, кухня и санитарен възел).
На втория етаж на сградата се стига с двураменна стълба, водеща до представително фоайе с връзка към второто ниво на зрителната зала (балкон, библиотека и изложбена зала). Всички части на сградата са функционално и конструктивно свързани.
През 2013 г. е извършван ремонт, при който е сменена част от старата дървена дограма със стъклопакет с алуминиев профил, а през 2014 г. е направен частичен ремонт на зрителната зала с цел подобряване на екплоатационните й характеристики.
Външните стени представляват основно зидария от плътни тухли с дебелина 38 см., покрити с 4 см. бучарда от външната страна и 3 см. вътрешна мазилка. Стените и подовете на повечето помещения са в лошо състояние, отдавна не са ремонтирани и спешно се налага тяхното ремонтиране и обновяване.
Предвид лошото състояние на помещенията в сградата Общинският съвет на гр. Раковски в свое редовно заседание, проведено на 29.03.2017 г. е взел Решение № 334 за учредяване на право на строеж за извършване на ремонт, обновяване и модернизация на сградата на читалището.
Технически показатели:
- Застроена площ (ЗП) -1 249 м2;
- Разгъната застроена площ (РЗП) – 2 035 м2;
- Година на въвеждане в експлоатация – 1963 г.
* Неразделна част от документацията са:
- Архитектурно заснемане;
- Технически инвестиционен проект, част Архитектурна
- Технически инвестиционен проект, част Електро
- Технически инвестиционен проект, част Електро, подобект: ПЛАТФОРМА ЗА ХОРА С
УВРЕЖДАНИЯ
- Проект ВиК
- Технически инвестиционен проект, част ОВК
- Технически инвестиционен проект, част Пожарна безопасност
- План за безопасност и здраве
- План за управление на строителните отпадъци
Посочените количества на видовете работи в количествената сметка (Приложение № 1) са ориентировъчни и не задължават Възложителя с тяхното изпълнение в пълен обем. При възникване на видове работи, извън посочените в количествената сметка единичните цени следва да се докажат с анализи, формирани на база на показателите за ценообразуване от офертата на участника и фактури за материалите.
II. Изисквания към техническите характеристики на строителните продукти, които ще бъдат вложени в строежите. Изисквания за качество - нормативи, стандарти и други разпоредби, на които следва да отговарят.
Доставката на всички материали необходими за изпълнение на строителните и монтажните работи е задължение на Изпълнителя.
В строежите трябва да бъдат вложени материали отговарящи на изискванията в българските и/или европейските стандарти.
Изпълнителят предварително трябва да съгласува с Възложителя всички влагани в строителството материали, елементи, изделия, конструкции и др. подобни. Всяка промяна в одобрения проект да бъде съгласувана и приета от Възложителя.
Всички материали, които ще бъдат вложени в строежа трябва да са придружени със съответните сертификати за произход и качество, инструкция за употреба и декларация за експлоатационни показатели и/или характеристики на строителен продукт, съгласно чл. 4, ал. 1 от Наредба № РД-02-20-1 от 5 февруари 2015 г. за условията и реда за влагане на строителни продукти в строежите на Република България.
Възложителят си запазва правото да извършва проверка на качеството на материалите подлежащи на влагане в обектите.
Не се допуска влагането на неодобрени материали и оборудване, и такива ще бъдат отстранявани от строежа, и заменяни с материали и оборудване, одобрени по нареждане на Възложителя.
Възложителят или всяко лице, упълномощено от него, ще има пълен достъп до строежа, работилниците и всички места за заготовка или доставка на материали и оборудване, и до строителните машини, както и до складови помещения, по всяко време, като Изпълнителят ще осигури всички необходими условия и ще окаже съдействие за получаване на правото за такъв достъп.
Изпълнителят може да достави съответния вид материал след като получи писмено одобрение от Възложителя за съответните вид, тип и модел на материала.
При избора на материали Изпълнителят трябва да се съобрази с изискванията на Противопожарно – техническите норми за този тип обекти.
Специфични изисквания към платформа за хора с увреждания – параметри, съгласно КС.
III. Изисквания относно изпълнение на строителните и монтажни работи.
Преди започване на строителството Изпълнителят трябва да създаде временната си строителна база на място, посочено от Възложителя.
Във временната си строителна база Изпълнителят следва да осигури най-малко следните складови площи:
- временни складове за доставяните материали, с оглед изискванията за съхранението им;
- площадка за складиране на строителни отпадъци.
След приключване на работите по предмета на договора, Изпълнителят своевременно ще демонтира от временната си база всичките си съоръжения, ще изтегли цялата си механизация и невложени материали и ще я разчисти за своя сметка.
Преди започване на строителните и монтажни работи, Изпълнителят трябва да предостави на Възложителя подробен план за изпълнението на СМР за одобрение, който да съдържа:
Общ план за СМР на строежа,
График за изпълнение на СМР и съгласуванията,
Работен проект за организация и изпълнение на строителството във всяка фаза на СМР и проект по ПУСО.
План за необходимостта от материали, конструкции и заготовки,
План за необходимостта от работна ръка за изпълнение на СМР,
План за необходимата механизация
Финансов план.
Необходимите за цялостното изграждане на строежа механизация, ръчни инструменти и помощни материали са задължение на Изпълнителя.
Всички строителни и монтажни работи трябва да се изпълняват съобразно изискванията на ПИПСМР и фирмените технологии на фирмите доставчици.
Изпълнителят е длъжен да изпълни всички СМР за строежа със собствени сили и средства в съответствие с изискванията на Възложителя.
Изпълнителят отговаря за изпълнението на СМР в съответствие с основните изисквания за този тип строежи, нормите за извършване на СМР и с мерките за безопасност на работниците на строителната площадка.
Изпълнителят трябва да вземе всички мерки, за да осигури безопасността на строителната площадка според законодателството, и да носи пълната отговорност за всякакви злополуки, които се случват там.
Изпълнителят е задължен да изпълни възложените работи и да осигури работна ръка, материали, строителни съоръжения, заготовки, изделия и всичко друго необходимо за изпълнение на строежа.
При изпълнение на всички строителни и монтажни работи се изисква спазване на съответните технологии за влагане на материали, отговарящи на БДС или еквиваленти.
Изпълнителят трябва да съблюдава и спазва всички норми за предаване и приемане на СМР и всички други нормативни изисквания.
При възникнали грешки от страна на Изпълнителя, същият ще ги отстранява за своя сметка до задоволяване исканията на Възложителя и до приемане на работите от негова страна.
При изпълнение на строителните и монтажни работи Изпълнителят трябва да има в предвид, че те ще се извършват в сграда, която е обитаема.
Гаранционен срок
Предложените гаранционни срокове за видовете строителни и монтажни работи следва да бъдат не по-кратки от предвидените в Наредба № 2 от 2003 г. за въвеждане в експлоатация на строежите в Република България и минимални гаранционни срокове за изпълнени строителни и монтажни работи, съоръжения и строителни обекти и чл. 160, ал. 4 и ал. 5 от ЗУТ и не по-дълги от три пъти посочените срокове, регламентиран в цитираните нормативни актове.
Гаранционните срокове на изпълнените строителни и монтажни работи е не по– малък от посочените в чл. 20, ал. 4, т. 4 от Наредба №2 от 2003 г. за въвеждане в експлоатация на строежите в Република България и минимални гаранционни срокове за изпълнени строителни и монтажни работи, съоръжения и строителни обекти.
Участникът може да предложи по–дълги срокове за някои от материалите, като за това приложи фирмена гаранция от производителя или друг документ, от което да е виден срока на гаранцията.
Гаранционните срокове започват да текат от датата на подписване на Констативен протокол за установяване годността за ползване.
Отстраняване на дефекти, появили се по време на гаранционния срок на изпълнените видове работи
Всички дефекти, възникнали преди края на гаранционния срок се констатират с протокол, съставен и подписан от представители на Възложителя. Този протокол незабавно се изпраща на Изпълнителя с указан срок за отстраняване на дефекта.
При проявени дефекти преди края на гаранционния срок, в резултат на вложени некачествени материали или некачествено извършени работи от Изпълнителя, същият ще ги отстрани за собствена сметка в срок, определен от Възложителя.
Гаранционният срок не тече и се удължава с времето, през което строежът е имал проявен дефект, до неговото отстранявяне.
Начин на измерване и доказване на количеството изпълнени СМР.
Инвеститорският контрол ще се извършва от Възложителя.
От упълномошен представител на Възложителя се одобряват само работи и/или част от работи в специфична площ, изцяло завършени от Изпълнителя и изпълнени съобразно спецификацията и одобрените материали, отговарящи на качествените изисквания и стандартите. Някои от работите може да изискват междинно одобрение, в случай, че те се покриват или се вграждат в следващи операции /покритие от следващи слоеве/. В такива случаи Изпълнителят следва да поиска междинно одобрение със съответния образец. Само изцяло завършена и одобрена работа може да се актува за плащане.
Когато Изпълнителят е завършил изцяло достатъчно количество от специфична позиция, той иска от Възложителя инспекция за одобрение. Възложителят следва да одобри или да издаде инструкции за отстраняване на дефекти или отклонения. Такива инструкции следва да се изпълнят веднага и работата няма да бъде сертифицирана за плащане, докато всички дефекти не бъдат отстранени, съобразно изискванията на Възложителя. Одобренията от Възложителя се считат за междинни и не освобождават Изпълнителя от договорните му задължения до края на гаранционния период, указан в условията на договора.
IV. Изисквания относно осигуряване на безопасни и здравословни условия на труд.
По време на изпълнение на строителните и монтажните работи Изпълнителят трябва да спазва изискванията на Наредба № 2 от 2004 г. за минимални изисквания за здравословни и безопасни условия на труд при извършване на строителни и монтажни работи, както и по всички други действащи нормативни актове и стандарти относно безопасността и хигиената на труда, техническата и пожарната безопасност при строителство и експлоатация на
подобни обекти, а също и да се грижи за сигурността на всички лица, които се намират на строителната площадка.
Изпълнителят е длъжен да спазва изискванията на нормативните документи в страната по безопасност и хигиена на труда, пожарна безопасност, екологични изисквания и други свързани със строителството по действащите в страната стандарти и технически нормативни документи за строителство.
V. Изисквания относно опазване на околната среда.
При изпълнение на строителните и монтажните работи Изпълнителят трябва да ограничи своите действия в рамките само на строителната площадка.
След приключване на строителните и монтажните работи Изпълнителят е длъжен да възстанови строителната площадка в първоначалния вид - да изтегли цялата си механизация и невложените материали и да остави площадката чиста от отпадъци.
VI. Системи за проверка и контрол на работите в процеса на тяхното изпълнение.
Възложителят (или упълномощен представител) може по всяко време да инспектира работите, да контролира технологията на изпълнението и да издава инструкции за отстраняване на дефекти, съобразно изискванията на специфицираната технология и начин на изпълнение. В случай на констатирани сериозни дефекти, отклонения и ниско качествено изпълнение, работите се спират и Възложителят уведомява Изпълнителя за нарушения в договора.
Всички дефектни материали се отстраняват от строежа, а дефектните работи се развалят за сметка на Изпълнителя. В случай на оспорване се прилагат съответните стандарти и правилници и се извършват съответните изпитания.
Изпълнителят е длъжен да определи лице, което ще изпълнява функциите на Координатор по безопасност и здраве за етапа на изпълнение на строежа в съответствие с изискванията на Наредба № 2 от 2004 г. за минимални изисквания за здравословни и безопасни условия на труд при извършване на строителни и монтажни работи
VII. Проверки и изпитвания.
Изпълнителят е длъжен да осигурява винаги достъп до строителната площадка на упълномощени представители на Възложителя.
Изпитванията и измерванията на извършените строително–монтажни работи следва да се изпълняват от сертифицирани лаборатории и да се удостоверяват с протоколи.
Текущият контрол от Изпълнителя на строително-монтажните работи следва да се извършва по начин осигуряващ необходимото качество на изпълнение и да бъде осъществяван съобразно предложените от Изпълнителя в Техническото му предложение от офертата Методи и организация на текущ контрол.
VIII. Документи, които се съставят при изпълнение на поръчката.
В процеса на изпълнение на строителните и монтажните работи трябва да бъдат съставени всички необходими актове и протоколи, предвидени в Наредба № 3 от 31.07.2003 г. за съставяне на актове и протоколи по време на строителството.
IX. Дейности по приемане на строежа.
Изпълнените строителни и монтажни работи ще се приемат с Констативен протокол за установяване годността за ползване. Изпълнителят трябва да спазва всички действащи нормативни документи, имащи отношение към обекта на поръчката.
X. Нормативни документи, които следва да се спазват при строителството.
1. Закон за устройство на територията
2. Наредба № Із-1971 от 2009 г. за строително-технически правила и норми за осигуряване на безопасност при пожар.
3. Наредба № 2 от 2004 г. за минималните изисквания за здравословни и безопасни условия на труд при извършване на строителни и монтажни работи.
4. Наредба № РД-02-20-1 от 5 февруари 2015 г. за условията и реда за влагане на строителни продукти в строежите на Република България.
5. Всички други действащи нормативни документи, имащи отношение към обекта на поръчката.
Приложения:
Приложение № 1 към Техническата спецификация
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PLAN DE RESTAURACIÓN DEL ESPACIO NATURAL
PROYECTO DE EXPLOTACIÓN DE LA PRÓRROGA DE LA CONCESIÓN “TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA Nº 2745”
TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA y VILLALBILLA (MADRID)
mdm consultores
ESTUDIOS Y PROYECTOS AMBIENTALES
Madrid, abril de 2015
ÍNDICE
1. INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................. 6
1.1. ANTECEDENTES ADMINISTRATIVOS .......................... 6
1.2. GRUPO MINERO TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA .................. 8
2. OBJETO Y CONTENIDO DEL PLAN DE RESTAURACIÓN ........... 10
3. DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DEL ENTORNO PREVISTO PARA DESARROLLAR LAS LABORES MINERAS ........................................ 11
3.1. LOCALIZACIÓN ......................................................... 11
3.1.1. CONCESIÓN DE EXPLOTACIÓN ............................. 11
3.1.2. SUPERFICIE A EXPLOTAR .................................... 12
3.2. GEOLOGÍA .............................................................. 14
3.2.1. ESTRATIGRAFÍA .................................................. 14
3.2.2. GEOMORFOLOGÍA ............................................... 16
3.2.3. PUNTOS DE INTERÉS GEOLÓGICO ........................... 16
3.3. CALIDAD DEL SUELO ................................................ 17
3.3.1. ASOCIACIONES DE SUELOS .................................. 17
3.3.2. VALORACIONES EDÁFICAS ................................... 19
3.4. AGUAS ................................................................. 20
3.4.1. AGUAS SUPERFICIALES ....................................... 20
3.4.2. AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS ....................................... 21
3.5. VEGETACIÓN Y USOS DEL SUELO ................................ 22
3.5.1. VEGETACIÓN POTENCIAL ..................................... 23
3.5.2. VEGETACIÓN ACTUAL .......................................... 24
3.6. FAUNA ................................................................. 26
3.7. PAISAJE ............................................................... 27
3.7.1. PAISAJE DEL ÁMBITO DE LA ZONA DE EXPLOTACIÓN ............... 28
3.7.2. CALIDAD, FRAGILIDAD Y ACCESIBILIDAD VISUAL................. 29
3.8. ÁREAS ESPECIALES .......................................................... 32
3.9. VÍAS PECUARIAS............................................................. 35
3.10. PLANEAMIENTO URBANÍSTICO ...................................... 36
3.11. MEDIO SOCIOECONÓMICO ........................................... 42
3.11.1. SISTEMA TERRITORIAL ............................................ 42
3.11.2. DEMOGRAFÍA.......................................................... 43
3.11.3. SECTORES ECONÓMICOS .......................................... 44
3.12. CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL APROVECHAMIENTO DEL RECURSO .... 44
3.12.1. MÉTODO DE EXPLOTACIÓN Y RESTAURACIÓN ............... 46
3.12.2. FASES DE LA EXPLOTACIÓN ..................................... 47
3.12.3. ZONAS DE ACOPIO TEMPORAL DE MATERIALES ............... 52
4. MEDIDAS PREVISTAS PARA LA REHABILITACIÓN DEL ESPACIO NATURAL AFECTADO POR LA EXPLOTACIÓN DE RECURSOS MINERALES.................................................. 53
4.1. TAREAS A REALIZAR ANTES DEL COMIENZO DE LAS LABORES EXTRACTIVAS .......................................................... 53
4.2. REMODELACIÓN DEL TERRENO ....................................... 55
4.3. PROCESOS DE REVEGETACIÓN ....................................... 56
4.4. OTRAS POSIBLES ACTUACIONES DE REHABILITACIÓN ........... 58
4.4.1. AGUAS ................................................................. 58
4.4.2. PAISAJE ............................................................... 59
4.5. ABANDONO DEFINITIVO DE LAS LABORES ......................... 60
5. MEDIDAS PREVISTAS PARA LA REHABILITACIÓN DE LOS SERVICIOS E INSTALACIONES ANEJOS A LA EXPLOTACIÓN DEL RECURSO MINERAL ........................................... 61
6. PLAN DE GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS .................................................. 63
7. CALENDARIO DE EJECUCIÓN Y COSTE ESTIMADO DE LOS TRABAJOS DE REHABILITACIÓN ........................................... 64
7.1. CALENDARIO DE EJECUCIÓN ......................................................... 64
7.2. COSTE ESTIMADO DE LOS TRABAJOS DE REHABILITACIÓN ............ 64
ANEXOS
ANEXO I. DECLARACIÓN DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL
ANEXO II. PLAN DE GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS
ANEXO III. CARTOGRAFÍA
Plano 1: Localización de las Concesiones del Grupo Minero Torres de la Alameda.
Plano 2: Localización de la concesión Torres de la Alameda.
Plano 3: Accesos.
Plano 4: Superficie seleccionada para el proyecto de explotación (secuencias cada 5 años).
Plano 5: Secciones transversales.
Plano 6: Sección longitudinal.
Plano 7: Restauración al finalizar las labores.
Plano 8: Drenajes.
Plano 9. Banda de protección, zonas de acopio de tierra vegetal y viario interior.
Plano 10. Vegetación y usos del suelo.
ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS
Figura 1. Localización de la concesión “Torres de la Alameda Nº 2745” ...............12
Figura 2. Zona de explotación propuesta .................................................................13
Figura 3. Parcelas catastrales ..................................................................................14
Figura 4. Geología de la concesión de explotación “Torres de la Alameda” ..........15
Figura 5. Asociaciones de suelo en la concesión de explotación y su entorno .....18
Figura 6. Cauces existentes en la concesión o su entorno próximo .....................20
Figura 7. Mapa hidrogeológico de Torres de la Alameda ......................................21
Figura 8. Usos actuales en la concesión “Torres de la Alameda” y su entorno.....24
Figura 9. Detalle de la zona de explotación ............................................................25
Figura 10. Unidades de paisaje en la concesión “Torres de la Alameda” y su entorno .................................................................28
Figura 11. Montes Preservados de la concesión “Torres de la Alameda” .............33
Figura 12. Lugares de Importancia Comunitaria más próximos a la concesión “Torres de la Alameda” .................................................................34
Figura 13. Hábitats de Interés Comunitario más próximos a la concesión “Torres de la Alameda” .................................................................35
Figura 14. Vías pecuarias en el municipio de Torres de la Alameda ....................36
Figura 15. Restauración de taludes .................................................................47
Figura 16. Extracción de arcilla .................................................................49
Figura 17. Conformación final y posterior extendido de tierra vegetal .............50
Figura 18. Formación de taludes en linde fincas 283 y 1283 de CPV con la 282, y en el caso del corte que hay paralelo con el Camino del Portillo ..................51
Figura 19. Extendido y conformación de los taludes con buldozer .....................52
Figura 20. Perfiles de detalle de la zona de relleno ...........................................55
Figura 21. Drenaje de la plaza de la cantera .....................................................59
1. INTRODUCCIÓN
La actuación que se describe en el presente PLAN DE RESTAURACIÓN DEL ESPACIO NATURAL se corresponde con la solicitud de prórroga de vigencia de la concesión denominada “Torres de la Alameda Nº 2745”, en los términos municipales de Torres de la Alameda y Villalbilla (Madrid).
CEMENTOS PORTLAND VALDERRIVAS, S.A. es titular de la Concesión de explotación para recursos de la sección C) Arcilla, denominada “Torres de la Alameda Nº 2745”, de 12 cuadrículas mineras. Esta concesión fue otorgada a CEMENTOS PORTLAND VALDERRIVAS, S.A. por un plazo de treinta (30) años por la Dirección General de Minas e Industrias de la Construcción mediante título de otorgamiento de fecha 7 de abril de 1983, conforme a la Ley de Minas 22/1973, de 21 de julio.
El apartado 1 del artículo 81 del Reglamento General para el Régimen de la Minería establece: “La concesión de explotación minera se otorgará por un periodo de treinta años, prorrogable por otros dos plazos iguales, hasta un máximo de 90 años. Para la obtención de cada prórroga, el concesionario deberá presentar, tres años antes, como mínimo, de la terminación de la vigencia de la concesión, la correspondiente solicitud...”.
1.1. ANTECEDENTES ADMINISTRATIVOS
Como antecedentes administrativos más relevantes podemos citar:
El 7 de abril de 1983 se concede a la empresa Portland Valderrivas S.A. el título de Concesión Directa de Explotación “Torres de la Alameda Nº 2745”, con una superficie de 12 cuadrículas mineras.
Con fecha 4 de noviembre de 1985 se autoriza el Plan de Restauración del Espacio Natural afectado por la explotación.
El 9 de octubre de 1990 se crea el Grupo Minero TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA 2745, con las concesiones TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA 2745 y LOECHES VALDERRIVAS 2746.
El 2 de diciembre de 1992 se autoriza la inclusión dentro del grupo de la concesión CARRETERA DE VALENCIA 2810.
En 1993 se crea el Grupo Cementos Portland. Posteriormente el Grupo cambia su nombre por el de Cementos Portland Valderrivas.
El Plan de labores de 2009 para la mencionada explotación ha sido aprobado con fecha 22 de mayo de 2009.
La última prórroga concedida al Grupo Minero tiene vigencia hasta el 2 de diciembre de 2012.
En la actualidad sólo la Concesión TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA se mantiene en actividad dentro del mencionado grupo.
Con fecha 13 de mayo de 2010, se remite a la Dirección General de Evaluación Ambiental de la Comunidad de Madrid documentación de prórroga de vigencia de la Concesión de explotación.
Con fecha 22 de junio de 2010, se recibe de la Dirección General de Evaluación Ambiental de la Comunidad de Madrid resolución indicando que el proyecto debe ser objeto de una decisión “caso por caso” respecto a la necesidad de someterlo a algún procedimiento de Evaluación Ambiental.
Con fecha 17 de noviembre de 2010, se solicita a la Dirección General de Evaluación Ambiental de la Comunidad de Madrid su pronunciamiento sobre si el proyecto debe someterse a algún procedimiento de Evaluación Ambiental.
Con fecha 25 de febrero de 2011, se recibe de la Dirección General de Evaluación Ambiental de la Comunidad de Madrid resolución indicando que el proyecto debe someterse a procedimiento de evaluación de impacto ambiental ordinario (ver Anexo I).
Con fecha 3 de noviembre de 2011, se registra en la Dirección General de Industria, Energía y Minas de la Comunidad de Madrid la memoria-resumen para iniciar el procedimiento de evaluación de impacto ambiental ordinario.
Con fecha 29 de diciembre de 2011 se recibe notificación de la Dirección General de Evaluación Ambiental de la Comunidad de Madrid indicando el inicio del procedimiento de evaluación de impacto ambiental ordinario.
Con fecha 22 de junio de 2012, se registra en la Dirección General de Industria, Energía y Minas de la Comunidad de Madrid el estudio de impacto ambiental para dar continuidad al procedimiento de evaluación de impacto ambiental ordinario.
Con fecha 11 de agosto de 2014 se recibió de la Dirección General de Industria, Energía y Minas de la Comunidad de Madrid la declaración de impacto ambiental, resultando esta favorable (ver Anexo I).
En la mencionada declaración de impacto ambiental se indica, en su punto 1.2, que se deberá modificar el Plan de Restauración del Espacio Natural vigente, de manera que se adapte al condicionado de la citada declaración.
1.2. GRUPO MINERO TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA
En 1990 se crea el Grupo Minero TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA 2745, con las concesiones TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA 2745 y LOECHES VALDERRIVAS 2746. En 1992 se autoriza la inclusión dentro del grupo de la concesión CARRETERA DE VALENCIA 2810 (ver plano nº 1).
Existe un plan integrado dentro del conjunto del Grupo Minero Torres de la Alameda, lo que implica que el conjunto de las tres concesiones tendrá en el siguiente periodo de 30 años una actividad extractiva y de restauración planificada y coordinada en su conjunto.
La demanda necesaria de arcilla para la fábrica se ha considerado que sería de 100.000 toneladas año tomando los datos de los últimos años. Con esta cantidad a suministrar y con las tres concesiones que forman el Grupo Minero Torres de la Alameda se plantea satisfacer esta demanda de la siguiente manera:
- Durante los 30 años de prorroga “Carretera de Valencia” estaría activa en la extracción y en la restauración con una producción de 40.000 toneladas/año. Esta concesión ya está en proceso de su prorroga con la producción mencionada.
- Para las otras dos concesiones sí que se plantea una actividad más coordinada entre las dos mediante la actividad extractiva en los primeros 20 años de la prorroga en “Torres de la Alameda” y de los últimos 10 años para “Loeches Valderrivas”. Cada año el volumen de material extraído será el mismo, 60.000 tn/año, tanto en una concesión como en otra, pero en ningún caso estarán las dos concesiones trabajando a la vez.
- Como la cantidad total de arcilla a extraer prevista cada año es de 100.000 toneladas y “Carretera de Valencia” traería a la fábrica 40.000 tn, las 60.000 tn restantes serán suministradas bien por “Torres de la Alameda, bien por “Loeches Valderrivas”. Por tanto, el volumen total a extraer desde la cantera de Torres de la Alameda serán 1.200.000 tn.
Para la restauración “Carretera de Valencia” se tiene un plan coordinado con la extracción, según el cual, durante el proceso de explotación también se restaura de tal modo que al finalizar las labores en el último año todo quedaría restaurado. Para las concesiones de “Torres de la Alameda” y “Loeches Valderrivas” el proceso sería también de coordinación con el de restauración con lo que al finalizar las labores de la prorroga de 30 años, también quedaría todo restaurado.
2. OBJETO Y CONTENIDO DEL PLAN DE RESTAURACIÓN
El objeto del presente Plan de Restauración consiste en la descripción de todos los trabajos que se llevarán a cabo en aras a la mejor rehabilitación posible del espacio natural afectado por la actividad extractiva, que se llevará a cabo en la solicitud de prórroga de vigencia de la Concesión.
Es importante resaltar que en el período de vigencia de los primeros 30 años, la superficie explotada asciende a 15 ha, de las que aproximadamente 3 están restauradas. La concesión presenta en la actualidad una explotación irregular sobre toda la superficie de 12 ha.
Además de estas 12 ha, la declaración de impacto ambiental establece en su condicionado que habrá que acondicionar de forma previa a la explotación, entre otras zonas, la superficie alterada por la práctica de motocross (parcela 3014 y parte de la parcela 275 del polígono 11).
El Plan de Restauración se ha adaptado a los contenidos recogidos en el Real Decreto 975/2009, de 12 de Junio, sobre gestión de los residuos de las industrias extractivas y de protección y rehabilitación del espacio afectado por actividades mineras:
- Descripción detallada del entorno previsto para desarrollar labores mineras.
- Medidas previstas para la rehabilitación del espacio natural afectado por la explotación del recurso mineral.
- Medidas previstas para la rehabilitación de los servicios e instalaciones anejos a la explotación del recurso mineral.
- Plan de Gestión de Residuos.
- Calendario de ejecución y coste estimado de los trabajos de rehabilitación.
3. DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DEL ENTORNO PREVISTO PARA DESARROLLAR LAS LABORES MINERAS
La Concesión de Explotación “Torres de la Alameda”, fue otorgada el día 7 de abril de 1983 y ha venido siendo explotada y restaurada desde su otorgamiento.
La superficie total explotada asciende a 15 ha, de las que aproximadamente las 3 ha situadas al Sur ya han sido restauradas.
En la actualidad, la Concesión “Torres de la Alameda” tiene aproximadamente 12 ha parcialmente explotadas, que son el objeto principal de este Plan de Restauración.
3.1. LOCALIZACIÓN
3.1.1. CONCESIÓN DE EXPLOTACIÓN
La Concesión de Explotación “TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA Nº 2745” se sitúa al Noreste del término municipal de Torres de la Alameda, ocupando también una pequeña parte del municipio de Villalbilla, extendiéndose por la Hoja Nº 560 “Alcalá de Henares” del Mapa Topográfico Nacional a escala 1:50.000 (figura nº 1 y planos nº 1 y 2).
Es importante destacar que el medio natural sobre el que se asienta la concesión de explotación “TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA Nº 2745” está muy antropizado debido a la existencia de la propia explotación minera y a otros usos tradicionales, fundamentalmente agrícolas, que han transformado considerablemente este territorio.
En el plano nº 2 “Localización de la concesión Torres de la Alameda” queda cartografiada el área en el que se propone la explotación y se reflejan las características más destacables del medio referentes al relieve e infraestructuras existentes.
Figura 1. Localización de la concesión “Torres de la Alameda Nº 2745”
La concesión “TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA” está formada por 12 cuadrículas que se encuentran intercaladas en las siguientes coordenadas:
| GEOGRAFICAS | UTM |
|-------------|-----|
| | X | Y | X | Y |
| PP - | 3º 21´ 50.60´´ | 40º 25´ 44.79´´ | 469118.3 | 4475526.8 |
| 1 - | 3º 20´ 30.60´´ | 40º 25´ 44.79´´ | 471003.3 | 4475519.3 |
| 2 - | 3º 20´ 30.60´´ | 40º 24´ 44.79´´ | 470996.2 | 4473669.3 |
| 3 - | 3º 21´ 50.60´´ | 40º 24´ 44.79´´ | 469110.7 | 4473676.8 |
3.1.2. SUPERFICIE A EXPLOTAR
En la actualidad, en la explotación de “Torres de la Alameda” hay 12 hectáreas alteradas que, desde el inicio de las labores, no han sido restauradas, puesto que el método de arranque al ser descendente obligaba a mantener la superficie abierta.
En el año 2011 se han restaurado completamente 3 ha. Se trata de la zona más al Sur de la superficie alterada (fig. 2). De esta manera se iniciaría la prorroga con una superficie alterada inferior de 12 ha. y que
una vez iniciado el período de prorroga se trataría de ir restaurando a un ritmo de 0,5 ha por año, con la orientación iniciada en el presente año desde el sur al norte.
Figura 2. Zona de explotación propuesta
Todas estas fincas pertenecen al término municipal de Torres de la Alameda en el paraje de la Ballestera. Se trata de las fincas 283, 284, 286, 287, 288, 289, 1283, 3008, 3009, 3010, 3011, 3012, 3013 y 3015 del polígono 11 (ver figura nº 3).
Uno de los objetivos del proyecto es el de no alterar más de lo que está ya abierto. Por eso, la superficie abierta de 12 hectáreas con la que se parte es una superficie más grande de la necesaria para lo previsto en los 20 años de extracción y, por tanto, existe una franja perimetral que no será explotada y, sin embargo, si hay que restaurar en este periodo como está previsto en el proyecto.
3.2. GEOLOGÍA
3.2.1. ESTRATIGRAFÍA
La concesión Torres de la Alameda se encuadra en la denominada Cubeta Terciaria del Tajo. Los materiales que afloran en la zona central de
esta depresión, en la que se encuentra la concesión, corresponden a las llamadas facies centrales, de naturaleza predominantemente evaporítica, sobre las que aparecen las llamadas facies intermedias de desigual desarrollo y naturaleza detrítico calizo evaporítica, coronadas por las calizas de páramo.
De acuerdo con el Mapa geológico nº 560 “Alcalá de Henares” los materiales que aparecen en la concesión son los siguientes:
3. Arcillas marrones y arenas finas micáceas gris verdosa.
9. Arcillas marrones y grises. Arenas arcósicas micáceas.
32. Gravas y cantos poligénicos de caliza y cuarcita, arenas y arenas limo-arcillosas.
35. Gravas y cantos poligénicos. Arenas arcillosas, fangos, limos yesíferos con cantos y bloques a pie de formaciones yesíferas.
La zona de explotación se localiza fundamentalmente sobre las unidades 9 y 32, tal y como se aprecia en la siguiente figura.
Figura 4. Geología de la concesión de explotación “Torres de la Alameda”
De un estudio más detallado se desprende que en las 12 cuadriculas que forman la concesión no afloran los sedimentos de naturaleza evaporítica y tampoco los tramos calizo superiores. Todos los afloramientos se corresponden con paquetes arcillosos correspondientes a las facies intermedias y en concreto a la denominada Unidad Alcalá. Estas arcillas (esmectita e illita como componentes mayoritarios) presentan intercalaciones de arenas muy finas y limos (50% de cuarzo, micas 25% y feldespatos 0-20%).
Ocasionalmente sobre estos depósitos se localizan sedimentos cuaternarios (glacis) de escasa relevancia.
3.2.2. GEOMORFOLOGÍA
Las deformaciones de naturaleza tectónica no tienen incidencia en los materiales de la concesión, al ser amplios pliegues de escala regional. Las deformaciones tectónicas locales se limitan a pequeños pliegues de buzamiento débil y pequeñas fracturas asociadas de pequeño salto.
El relieve dentro de la concesión puede considerarse como ondulado, con las mayores altitudes al Noreste, con 726 m, mientras que las menores se localizan al Sureste, con 640 m, en la pequeña vega del arroyo de Pantueña.
El desarrollo de la explotación se realizará desde las cotas más altas de la zona seleccionada a 676 hasta la cota 665 que será la más baja.
3.2.3. PUNTOS DE INTERÉS GEOLÓGICO
Se consideran Puntos de Interés Geológico y/o Geomorfológicos aquellos elementos geológicos o relacionados directamente con la geología o la geomorfología, que definen y caracterizan la historia geológica y morfológica de una determinada región, o pueden tener un uso didáctico, científico, turístico o económico. Su carácter singular, obliga a considerarlos como parte importante del Patrimonio Natural de la Región.
Dentro del ámbito de estudio no aparece ningún Punto de Interés Geológico y/o Geomorfológico catalogado.
3.3. CALIDAD DEL SUELO
Para realizar el análisis de suelos se ha recurrido al mapa de asociaciones de suelos de la Comunidad de Madrid, escala 1:200.000 (CSIC, 1990), editado por la Consejería de Agricultura y Cooperación. No obstante, el ámbito de la concesión minera se ha analizado con más detalle, recurriendo a otras fuentes y a inspecciones in situ.
El sistema de clasificación utilizado para el estudio de los suelos existentes en el ámbito de estudio es el de la F.A.O., basado en la definición de unidades taxonómicas en dos niveles básicos de detalle: 28 grupos subdivididos en 153 unidades de suelos.
Las características propias de la zona, tanto de clima, como de litología y vegetación, han condicionado los procesos formadores de suelo y, con ellos, la variación de tipos edafológicos existentes.
3.3.1. ASOCIACIONES DE SUELOS
Según el mencionado mapa de asociaciones de suelos de la Comunidad de Madrid, la concesión de explotación se encuentra enclavada en cuatro asociaciones de suelo distintas (fig. 5):
- CM23: Asociación conformada por Cambisol vértico (CMv).
- LP10: Asociación dominada por Leptosol móllico (LPm), acompañada de Regosol calcárico (RGc).
- RG2: Asociación conformada por Regosol calcárico (RGc).
- GL1: Asociación dominada por Gleysol móllico (GLm), acompañada de Gleysol cálcico (GLk) y Solonchak gleico (SCg).
Como se aprecia en la siguiente imagen, dominan los suelos de tipo Cambisol en la toda la concesión, apareciendo Leptosol mollico al Noreste y Regosol calcárico en la parte baja del mismo, en la zona de contacto con la vega del arroyo de Pantueña.
La zona de explotación está ocupada mayoritariamente por suelos de tipo Leptosol mollico, apareciendo únicamente al Sur la asociación dominada por el Cambisol vértico.
La característica fundamental de los leptosoles es la de estar limitados en profundidad por una capa dura continua o por un material muy calcáreo dentro de una profundidad de 30 cm.
**Figura 5. Asociaciones de suelo en la concesión de explotación y su entorno**
Los cambisoles son uno de los suelos de mayor representación en la Comunidad de Madrid. Se corresponden con las tierras pardas y suelos pardos de todas las clasificaciones. La característica fundamental de los cambisoles es la de presentar un horizonte B “cámrico” formado por alteración in situ de los minerales de partida y que se traduce en un color pardo vivo.
3.3.2. VALORACIONES EDÁFICAS
Con el objeto de describir cuantitativamente los suelos identificados, se transcriben los perfiles medios tipo de las unidades taxonómicas *Leptosol móllico* y *Cambisol vértico*.
Los datos son producto de una media realizada de entre varias prospecciones realizadas por el C.S.I.C.:
**Leptosol móllico**
| HOR | PRO | TF | ARE | LIM | ARC | MO | N | C/N | pH | V |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|------|------|-----|-----|-----|
| A | 24 | 41 | 24 | 40 | 36 | 3,65 | 0,24 | 8,82| 8,10| 100 |
| C | 126 | 28 | 25 | 41 | 34 | 1,45 | 0,14 | - | 8,30| 100 |
**Cambisol vértico**
| HOR | PRO | TF | ARE | LIM | ARC | MO | N | C/N | pH | V |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|------|------|-----|-----|-----|
| A | 40 | 100 | 17 | 31 | 52 | 0,90 | 0,08 | 6,53| 8,30| 100 |
| Bt | 90 | 100 | 9 | 30 | 61 | 0,50 | 0,04 | - | 8,40| 100 |
| C | 20 | 100 | 7 | 29 | 64 | 0,40 | 0,03 | - | 8,50| 100 |
HOR horizonte
PRO profundidad
TF tierra fina
ARE arena
LIM limo
ARC arcilla
MO materia orgánica
N nitrógeno
V saturación en bases
C/N relación
pH acidez
El *Leptosol móllico* presenta en superficie un horizonte A móllico con menos de un 40% de caliza y carecen de una roca dura en los 10 primeros centímetros. Su grado de saturación en bases es muy alto y son ricos en materia orgánica y carbonato cálcico y no presentan problemas de salinidad.
El *Cambisol vértico (CMv)* se caracteriza por un horizonte A, de tipo órico y además presenta propiedades vérticas. Son suelos arcillosos, profundos, de lenta o muy lenta permeabilidad, con alta densidad, tanto real como aparente y alta retención de agua. El pH es alto y la saturación de bases muy alta, son suelos de alta productividad.
En cualquier caso, hay que indicar que la zona propuesta para la
extracción de materiales ya está alterada por la explotación minera existente.
3.4. AGUAS
3.4.1. AGUAS SUPERFICIALES
La concesión pertenece a la cuenca del río Jarama. Existe al Sur de la concesión un cauce, el arroyo de Pantueña. Al Noreste se ubica el Barranco Molina. Próximo al vértice Noroccidental de la concesión se localiza el arroyo de Anchuelo, pero fuera de la misma.
Figura 6. Cauces existentes en la concesión o su entorno próximo
No obstante, dichos cauces no se verán afectados por la zona de explotación, ya que el primero se sitúa a más de 300 m de la misma, separado, además, por la carretera M-225. El barranco Molina está al
Noreste de la zona de explotación, a más de 100 m. El arroyo de Anchuelo se sitúa a más de 1 km de la zona de explotación propuesta para los próximos 30 años.
En consecuencia, la zona de explotación, a efectos de drenaje, se encuentra afectada exclusivamente por las aguas procedentes de pluviometría que inciden directamente sobre ella. A este respecto, es de destacar la escasa pluviometría de la zona, con 401 mm anuales bastante repartidos a lo largo del año: 91 en invierno, 129 en primavera, 53 en verano y 128 en otoño.
3.4.2. AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS
En cuanto a las unidades hidrogeológicas (fig. 7), en el interior de concesión dominan las arcillas (5) y los bandeados de arcillas y margas (6). Asociado a los arroyos dominan los aluviones y terrazas bajas (11), y en la zona oeste de la concesión los coluviones (10).
Figura 7. Mapa hidrogeológico de Torres de la Alameda
La zona arcillosa (5 y 6) son enclaves más bien impermeables. En la zona de glacis y vega aparecen coluviones (10) y aluviones (11). Pueden considerarse un acuífero libre que se recarga a partir del agua de lluvia y de la percolación del Terciario infrayacente. La transmisividad es de 200 a 1.000 m²/día.
La zona de explotación se desarrolla mayoritariamente sobre la unidad 6 “bandeados de arcillas y margas”, apareciendo al Sur de la misma la unidad 5 “arcillas”.
Infrayacente a estas unidades aparece el acuífero nº 14 “Terciario Detritico” cuya potencia media puede estimarse en 1.500 m. Se recarga en las zonas de interfluvio, a partir de las aguas de lluvia, y se descarga en los valles.
En 2011 el Departamento de Ingeniería Geológica de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid realizó un estudio de las arcillas en el municipio de Torres de la Alameda. En dicho trabajo se hace una valoración de los recursos existentes en una explotación de áridos estudiando parámetros dinámicos mediante técnicas geofísicas y parámetros estáticos mediante ensayos de caracterización de arcillas en laboratorio. Una de las conclusiones a las que se llega es que el nivel freático no suele aparecer y si lo hace es por debajo de los 15 m, tomándose como referencia la cota 650 m.
3.5. VEGETACIÓN Y USOS DEL SUELO
El objetivo fundamental del estudio de vegetación y usos del suelo es caracterizar y evaluar la calidad de la flora y la vegetación en el ámbito de estudio, con el fin de servir de base para establecer los parámetros de la futura restauración.
Para la realización de este objetivo general, se plantean una serie de objetivos específicos:
- Identificar la vegetación potencial del ámbito de estudio.
- Realizar un estudio detallado de la vegetación actual del ámbito de estudio.
- Evaluar la calidad de cada unidad vegetal, así como valorar las especies presentes en el ámbito de estudio.
3.5.1. VEGETACIÓN POTENCIAL
El ámbito de estudio está incluido, desde el punto de vista biogeográfico, en la Región Mediterránea, Provincia Castellano-Maestrazgo-Manchega, Sectores Manchego y Guadarrámico.
La serie que aparece en el ámbito de estudio es la “Serie mesomediterránea castellano-aragonesa basífila de la encina Quercus rotundifolia. (S. Bupleuro rigidi-Quercetum rotundifoliae) VP, encinares basífilos de ombroclima seco”. No obstante, aparecen dos faciaciones, una sobre margas calcáreas y la otra sobre yesos.
El encinar, pobre en arbustos y lianas, es la formación representante de la clímax en esta serie. Entre las especies más características de este encinar se pueden citar las siguientes: Asparagus acutifolius, Bupleurum rigidum, Daphne gnidium, Jasminum fruticans, Juniperus oxycedrus, Lonicera implexa, Osyris alba, Quercus coccifera, Rhamnus alaternus, Rhamnus lycioides y Rubia peregrina.
En las etapas seriales de este encinar se pueden distinguir las siguientes asociaciones: los espartales de atocha (Arrhenathero albistipetum vermiculatae), los pastizales anuales subnitrófilos de egílopes (Medicago rigidae-Aegilopetum geniculatae), las comunidades masegueras (Roemerio hybridae-Hypecoetum penduli), las comunidades de cardos borriqueros (Carthamo lanati-Onopordetum nervosi), los herbazales subnitrófilos de los suelos removidos (Papaveri rhoeas-Diplotaxietum viragate, Londrabo auriculatae-Erucetum vesicariae), etc.
3.5.2. VEGETACIÓN ACTUAL
La vegetación existente es en su totalidad consecuencia de los distintos usos del suelo que el hombre ha ejercido sobre el territorio, habiendo desaparecido prácticamente cualquier formación vegetal natural.
Tal y como se aprecia en el plano nº 10 y en la siguiente figura, la concesión a explotar se encuentra ocupada en su mayor parte por parcelas de cereal.
En la zona Nororiental de la concesión aparecen formaciones de matorral arbustivo y subarbustivo.
También aparecen dentro de la concesión dos carreteras, la M-220 y la M-225, y algunas naves agropecuarias.
Figura 8. Usos actuales en la concesión “Torres de la Alameda” y su entorno
La zona de explotación solicitada en esta prórroga asciende, como se ha comentado en apartados anteriores, a 12 ha, superficie que ya ha sido
parcialmente explotada, por lo que no presenta vegetación alguna (ver figura 9).
**Figura 9. Detalle de la zona de explotación**
| Panorámica de la zona de explotación vista desde el Norte | Panorámica de la zona de explotación vista desde el Oeste |
3.6. FAUNA
El estudio faunístico se ha basado en la identificación, caracterización y localización de los biotopos existentes en la parcela objeto de estudio y su entorno, así como en la realización de un inventario de las especies faunísticas más representativas de cada uno de los biotopos identificados.
En el inventario de especies se ha tenido en cuenta principalmente al grupo de los vertebrados, debido por un lado, a la mayor cantidad de información sobre su distribución geográfica y por otro, a su relativa facilidad de detección y su papel como bioindicadores de la calidad del medio.
El biotopo existente en la zona objeto de explotación, queda definido por una parcela con actividad minera. En el entorno aparecen zonas de cultivo y algunas, más alejadas al Noreste, con matorral.
Dada la inexistencia de cursos y láminas de agua naturales en la parcela objeto de explotación, no existe ninguna especie de anfibio en la misma.
En cuanto a reptiles es posible la presencia de algunos lacértidos como la lagartija colilarga (Psammodromus algirus) y la lagartija ibérica (Podarcis hispanica).
Las aves son el grupo que aporta mayor diversidad de especies, destacado la Paloma torcaz (Columba palumbus), la Cogujada común (Galerida cristata), el Jilguero (Carduelis carduelis), el Pardillo (Carduelis cannabina), el Triguero (Emberiza calandra), el Petirrojo (Erithacus rubecula), el Mirlo (Turdus merula), el Carbonero común (Parus major), el Mito (Aeghitalos caudatus), el Herrerillo común (Parus caeruleus), la Currucu rabilarga (Sylvia undata), la Currucu tomillera (Sylvia conspicillata), la Currucu cabecinegra (Sylvia melanocephala), la Urraca (Pica pica), el Gorrión común (Passer domesticus), el Pinzón vulgar (Fringilla coelebs), el Verdecillo (Serinus serinus) y el Verderón común (Carduelis chloris).
Los mamíferos son otro grupo de vertebrados escasamente representados. Entre las especies más representativas se pueden señalar aquellas muy habituadas a la presencia humana e incluso dependientes de ella como el Conejo (Oryctolagus cuniculus), el Ratón doméstico (Mus domesticus) el Ratón de campo (Apodemus sylvaticus) y la Rata común (Rattus norvegicus).
En la zona de explotación no se ha detectado ninguna especie amenazada incluida en las listas y catálogos. Las especies de vertebrados existentes presentan poblaciones abundantes y ampliamente distribuidas a escala regional y nacional.
Cabe decir, asimismo, que la parcela objeto de estudio se encuentra muy alejada de ZEPA's. Al Noroeste de la parcela, a más de 15 km, se localiza la ZEPA “Estepas cerealistas de los ríos Jarama y Henares”. Al Oeste, a más de 13 km de distancia, se localiza la ZEPA “Cortados y cantiles de los ríos Jarama y Manzanares”. La IBA más próxima (Alcarria de Alcalá) se localiza a 5,5 km al Sur.
3.7. PAISAJE
Siguiendo la metodología empleada en la “Cartografía del paisaje de la Comunidad de Madrid”, la concesión a explotar pertenece a dos unidades paisajísticas diferentes.
La mitad Norte de la concesión pertenece a la unidad J29 “El Alto del Gurugú”, de marcado carácter agrícola, con una fisiografía dominante constituida por llanuras aluviales y terrazas con fondos de valle; páramos y alcarrias con mesetas, parameras y plataformas, y laderas; y lomas y campiñas en yesos con vertientes-glacis y glacis. Las agrupaciones vegetales más importantes son: secanos, secanos con matorral-árboles, matorral calizo y calizo-gipsícola. La calidad visual de esta unidad en su conjunto se considera media-baja, y su fragilidad visual media-alta.
Figura 10. Unidades de paisaje en la concesión “Torres de la Alameda” y su entorno
En la mitad Sur aparece la unidad J27 “Loeches”, de carácter agrícola y con una fisiografía dominante tipo llanuras aluviales y terrazas, páramos y lomas. La calidad visual es media-baja y la fragilidad media-alta.
3.7.1. PAISAJE DEL ÁMBITO DE LA ZONA DE EXPLOTACIÓN
En este caso concreto y siguiendo la metodología empleada en la “Cartografía del paisaje de la Comunidad de Madrid” se emplearán como elementos diferenciadores del paisaje del ámbito de la concesión de explotación la fisiografía, y la vegetación y los usos del suelo.
Se pueden diferenciar dos unidades paisajísticas perfectamente diferenciadas en el ámbito de la concesión de explotación:
- Zonas suavemente onduladas con cultivos cerealísticos de secano
- Lomas con matorral
Zonas suavemente onduladas con cultivos cerealísticos de secano. Esta unidad se incluye dentro de la unidad J27 “Loeches”. Su fisiografía está constituida por llanuras aluviales y terrazas, presentando unos usos agrícolas prácticamente en su totalidad, por lo que su naturalidad es muy baja. La cuenca visual es amplia, al tratarse de una zona suavemente ondulada; no obstante, al hacerse la explotación bajo el nivel del suelo, ésta resulta prácticamente imperceptible desde la superficie original del terreno en el momento que se está a una distancia de 100 ó 200 m.
Lomas con matorral. Esta zona de lomas se incluye dentro de la unidad J29 “El Alto del Gurugú”. La fisiografía es de tipo lomas con una vegetación de tipo matorral. Presentan una cuenca visual más amplia, al elevarse sobre las zonas onduladas.
3.7.2. CALIDAD, FRAGILIDAD Y ACCESIBILIDAD VISUAL
Los conceptos de calidad, fragilidad y accesibilidad visual hacen referencia al paisaje en cuanto a sus propiedades intrínsecas (calidad), en relación con la actuación (fragilidad), o en relación con la actuación y con el número de observadores (accesibilidad visual).
Las cualidades que definen la calidad intrínseca del paisaje residen en los elementos naturales o artificiales que conforman el paisaje. Los factores perceptibles en que se puede desagregar el territorio, en general, son los siguientes:
- El aspecto exterior de la superficie, es decir, el relieve, formado por una zona suavemente ondulada ocupada fundamentalmente por cultivos cerealísticos de secano y una zona de lomas ocupada por matorrales.
- La vegetación. En un paisaje no se perciben las especies vegetales individualizadas, sino agrupaciones de comunidades florísticas dando lugar a formas comunes de arbolado, matorral y pastizal, y sus derivados en el caso de la artificialización por parte del hombre; en
este caso, dominan los cultivos cerealísticos de secano en la zona más llana, donde se realizará la explotación minera, mientras que en las zonas de lomas aparecen matorrales.
- La estructura o elementos artificiales introducidos por las actuaciones humanas. El paisaje del territorio en estudio cuenta con estructuras espaciales creadas por los distintos usos del suelo; construcciones diversas de carácter extenso (núcleo urbano de Torres de la Alameda, naves y zona minera); infraestructuras lineales (carreteras, caminos, tendidos eléctricos). Todo este conjunto de estructuras y elementos dan lugar a una imagen paisajística considerablemente antropizada.
La calidad del paisaje en todo el ámbito de estudio se ha calificado como media-baja, considerando en la valoración la presencia/ausencia de elementos que doten al paisaje de aspectos comúnmente valorados: naturalidad, presencia de vegetación, agua, variabilidad, perspectiva, singularidad, etc. En esta valoración influye notablemente la presencia de la actual explotación minera.
La fragilidad del paisaje está íntimamente ligada a la capacidad de absorción o acogida que presenta el territorio respecto al proyecto o actuación del que va a ser receptor. En general, en el ámbito de estudio la fragilidad es baja y el proyecto será absorbido por el territorio, principalmente por tratarse de una continuación de los usos ya existentes.
La accesibilidad visual o visibilidad de un elemento depende del propio elemento y de su situación en la cuenca visual de mayor o menor tamaño y direccionalidad, y sobre todo de la frecuentación o número de observadores existentes en la zona. En general, en el ámbito de estudio se puede calificar de baja, ya que al estar deprimida la actuación sobre el terreno no es accesible visualmente desde la M-225 ó la M-220, principales carreteras de esta zona. Tampoco es accesible desde el núcleo urbano de Torres de la Alameda.
A continuación, se muestran diferentes perspectivas tomadas desde la carretera M-225; la primera está tomada a la altura del pk 6+900, las siguientes se han tomado cada 100 m, desplazándonos en dirección Oeste. Nótese como en todas ellas no se aprecia la explotación existente.
Desde la carretera M-220 tampoco es visible la zona de explotación, tal y como se aprecia en las siguientes fotografías. La primera se ha tomado a la altura de la entrada en el municipio, las siguientes se han tomado cada 200 m en dirección Sur:
3.8. ÁREAS ESPECIALES
Se incluyen en este apartado las Áreas con algún tipo de protección, es decir:
a) Los Espacios Naturales Protegidos declarados por la normativa del Estado o de la Comunidad de Madrid.
b) Los Montes de Régimen Especial según la Ley 16/1995, de 4 de mayo, Forestal y de Protección de la Naturaleza de la Comunidad de Madrid.
c) Las Zonas húmedas y embalses de la Comunidad de Madrid, catalogados de acuerdo a la Ley 7/1990, de 28 de junio, de
protección de embalses y zonas húmedas de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, y sus ámbitos ordenados.
d) Las Zonas declaradas al amparo de las Directivas Comunitarias 79/409 relativa a la conservación de las aves silvestres y 92/43 relativa a la conservación de los hábitats naturales y de la flora y fauna silvestres.
Dentro del término municipal de Torres de la Alameda no existe ningún Espacio Natural Protegido declarado por la normativa Estatal o de la Comunidad de Madrid.
Existe una pequeña mancha de Monte Preservado en el extremo nororiental de la concesión “Torres de la Alameda”. No obstante, esta formación queda fuera de la zona de explotación prevista.
Figura 11. Montes Preservados de la concesión “Torres de la Alameda”
No aparecen en el ámbito de estudio zonas húmedas y embalses de la Comunidad de Madrid, catalogados de acuerdo a la Ley 7/1990, de 28 de junio, de protección de embalses y zonas húmedas de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, y sus ámbitos ordenados.
La zona Norte del término municipal está catalogada como Lugar de Importancia Comunitaria; se trata del LIC “Cuenca de los ríos Jarama y Henares” (fig. 12). No obstante, este LIC está a más de 4 km de la concesión de explotación “Torres de la Alameda”.
Figura 12. Lugares de Importancia Comunitaria más próximos a la concesión “Torres de la Alameda”
No existe ninguna Zona de Especial Protección para la Aves (ZEPA) en el entorno próximo de la parcela objeto de estudio. Al Noroeste de la parcela, a más de 15 km, se localiza la ZEPA “Estepas cerealistas de los ríos Jarama y Henares”. Al Oeste, a más de 13 km de distancia, se localiza la ZEPA “Cortados y cantiles de los ríos Jarama y Manzanares”.
Aparecen Hábitats de Interés Comunitario al Noroeste de la concesión de explotación. No obstante, estos hábitats están situados fuera de la zona propuesta de explotación (fig. 13).
Figura 13. Hábitats de Interés Comunitario más próximos a la concesión “Torres de la Alameda”
Por último, si bien no se trata de una zona protegida, cabe mencionar las Áreas Importantes para las Aves (IBA) delimitadas por la SEO. En la concesión de explotación no existe ninguna, situándose la más próxima (Alcarria de Alcalá) a 5,5 km al Sur.
3.9. VÍAS PECUARIAS
Por el extremo occidental de la concesión discurre la vía pecuaria, según consta en la página web de la Comunidad de Madrid, Colada de Alcalá de Henares a Torres de la Alameda (2). Esta vía tiene una anchura legal de 10 m y no está deslindada ni amojonada.
Dentro del municipio existe otra vía pecuaria, la Colada Galiana (1), pero queda fuera de la concesión de explotación.
Figura 14. Vías pecuarias en el municipio de Torres de la Alameda.
De acuerdo con el informe de consultas previas emitido por el Área de Vías Pecuarias de la Comunidad de Madrid, se puede concluir que el desarrollo de la explotación no afecta a ninguna vía pecuaria y que tampoco son vías pecuarias los caminos que se emplean como acceso a la misma.
3.10. PLANEAMIENTO URBANÍSTICO
En las siguientes páginas se incorpora copia del informe de viabilidad urbanística de la instalación, emitida por los Servicios Técnicos del Ayuntamiento de Torres de la Alameda en julio de 2010.
Este certificado indica que "...considera compatible la actividad de explotación minera a cielo abierto, condicionada dicha compatibilidad al requisito imprescindible e ineludible de la obtención previa de la declaración de utilidad pública o interés social otorgada por el organismo competente".
De acuerdo con la Ley, en la propia naturaleza de una concesión de explotación de la sección C, está intrínseco el hecho de que la explotación es de utilidad pública.
Vista su solicitud, presentada en este Ayuntamiento con fecha 18 de febrero de 2010, se emite informe por parte de los servicios técnicos municipales cuyo tenor literal dice:
"Que se ha recibido solicitud por parte de los servicios técnicos de este Ayuntamiento para la emisión de informe jurídico sobre la solicitud de compatibilidad urbanística respecto de la actividad "Explotación minera a cielo abierto, cantera de arcilla".
Que según consta en la documentación obrante en este Ayuntamiento, Cementos Portland Valderrivas, S.A., a través de su representante, Dª Francisca Hermida Alberti, solicita mediante escrito de 11 de diciembre de 2.009 (fechado en Oficina de Correos y Telégrafos con fecha 10 de diciembre de 2.009 y con registro de entrada en este Consistorio 11469-881/09, de 15 de diciembre de 2.009) informe de compatibilidad urbanística de las parcelas 281, 9008, 280, 282, 284, 3008, 3009, 3010, 3011, 3012, 3013, 285, 286, 287, 288, 3015, 289, 290, 291, 279, 3000, 3001, 278, 3004, 277, 3014, 275, 3032, 3031, 276, 3030, 272, 273, 274, 3018, 3017, 3016, 3019, 255, 256, 257, 254, 253, 252, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 272, 3028 del Polígono 11 y las Parcelas 3000, 3001, 3002, 3003, 282, 293, 294, 295, 296, y 297 del Polígono 12 del catastro de rústica sobre las que afirma ser titular de la Concesión Minera denominada "Torres de la Alameda" nº 2745, a los efectos de elaborar el Estudio de Impacto Ambiental, necesario para solicitar la prórroga de dicha concesión minera.
A la vista de la solicitud, los Servicios Técnicos municipales emiten informe señalando, que dichas parcelas se sitúan en un Suelo No Urbanizable Protegido de Interés Agrario, y que según el artículo 10.8.6. en sus puntos d) y e) de las vigentes Normas Subsidiarias del Ayuntamiento de Torres de la Alameda esta actividad no es compatible, informando desfavorablemente y dándose traslado de dicho informe al solicitante.
Con fecha 16 de febrero de 2.009 (registro de entrada 1482-711/95, de 18 de febrero de 2.010) se reitera la solicitud en los mismos términos para las parcelas 275, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 3008, 3009, 3010, 3011, 3012, 3013 y 3015, todas ellas del polígono 11 del catastro de rústica, añadiendo que "el otorgamiento de la concesión lleva implícita la declaración de utilidad pública según el artículo 105 de la Ley de Minas" y que "La explotación del recurso minero debe realizarse donde se encuentra el recurso y dentro del perímetro de las cuadrículas mineras concedidas" reproduciendo el resto del texto la solicitud anterior y aportando copias relativas al otorgamiento de la concesión.
Con fecha 01 de marzo de 2.010, los Servicios Técnicos del ayuntamiento reiteran el informe desfavorable si bien solicitan informe sobre circunstancias jurídicas que pudiesen apoyar o refutar dichas conclusiones.
Como consecuencia de lo expuesto, conviene aclarar previamente que la competencia estatal en materia de minas no limita la municipal urbanística o de actividades clasificadas, de modo que la autorización o concesión minera para la explotación de un yacimiento no exonerará del cumplimiento de las premisas recogidas por el planeamiento ni de la licencia municipal o de actividad, en su caso.
El informe de los Servicios Técnicos municipales inciden en la situación de las parcelas para las que se solicita la declaración de compatibilidad como Suelo no Urbanizable Protegido de Interés Agrario, el cual a través del planeamiento recogido por las Normas Subsidiarias, se pretende preservar del desarrollo urbano y proteger el paisaje y el medio.
Según se desprende de los artículos 12 apartado g), 25.2 a 27 y 29 de la Ley 9/2001, de 17 de julio, del Suelo de la Comunidad de Madrid deben considerarse prohibidos todos los usos no permitidos en suelo no urbanizable de protección. En suelo no urbanizable de protección queda prohibido todo uso no expresamente permitido, excepcionalmente, por el planeamiento territorial o urbanístico dentro de los previstos por el artículo 29 de la Ley 9/2001.
El artículo 10.8.6 de las Normas Subsidiarias de planeamiento de Torres de la Alameda determina: "Condiciones específicas del Suelo No Urbanizable de especial protección por su interés agrario (SNUA)
Se refiere a la protección del conjunto de terrenos destinados a la explotación de cultivos y policultivos agrícolas, huertos y en general de los suelos agrícolas de alta productividad potencial que, por su rentabilidad y su adecuada homogénea disposición merecen ser destinados prioritariamente a dicho uso, formando parte de la base económica del municipio. Los terrenos afectados quedan sujetos a las siguientes condiciones:
A. Se prohíbe en general cualquier acción encaminada al cambio de uso agrícola por otros de distinta índole, salvo los declarados de utilidad pública o interés social. Quedan expresamente prohibidos los usos:
- pecuario, salvo complementarios de la explotación agrícola.
- industrial, salvo los asociados a la explotación exclusiva de los recursos hidráulicos.
- comercial, salvo venta directa de productos perecederos de las propias fincas.
- hotelero.
- almacenes no agrícolas.
B. Sólo se admitirán las edificaciones propias de las explotaciones agrícolas y, excepcionalmente, las declaradas de interés social o utilidad pública que hayan necesariamente de instalarse en este tipo de terrenos y no sea posible su ubicación en Suelo No Urbanizable Común, siempre que no afecten negativamente al aprovechamiento de los terrenos circundantes. Quedan expresamente prohibidas las construcciones vinculadas a los usos prohibidos en A.
C. Se prohíbe el ensanchamiento de caminos o aperturas de otros que no vengan rigurosamente obligados por la explotación agraria de los terrenos por las actuaciones y planes aprobados por la Consejería de Agricultura o por el acceso a instalaciones de utilidad pública o interés social debidamente autorizadas.
D. Se prohíben los desmontes, excavaciones o rellenos de tierras que supongan disminución de la superficie cultivable o de la calidad del suelo, así como cualquier actuación que altere la red de irrigación, el sistema de drenaje de suelos o el banqueo necesario para la óptima explotación de los recursos agrícolas.
E. Quedan prohibidas las instalaciones para la extracción de áridos, incluso si proponen actuaciones complementarias para la regeneración de suelos."
Por tanto, existe una regulación de carácter urbanístico contenida en las Normas Subsidiarias en la que "Se prohíbe en general cualquier acción encaminada al cambio de uso agrícola por otros de distinta índole, salvo los declarados de utilidad pública o interés social", prohibiendo expresamente otros usos. A sensu contrario, se permite cualquier acción encaminada al cambio de uso agrícola por otros de distinta índole, siempre y cuando reuna el requisito imprescindible de ser declarado de utilidad pública o interés social.
Si bien es cierto que los apartados D y E del artículo en cuestión prohíben los desmontes o rellenos y la extracción de áridos respectivamente, dichas prohibiciones quedan condicionadas, cada una por su parte y respectivamente, al contenido total de cada uno de los apartados referidos y, en consonancia con los apartados A, B y C no tengan la declaración de interés social o utilidad pública, unido a lo alegado por el solicitante en el escrito de 18 de febrero de 2.010 en su expositivo 3 sobre que la explotación del recurso minero debe realizarse donde se encuentra el recurso y dentro de las cuadrículas mineras concedidas, y tal y como contempla el apartado B "no sea posible su ubicación en Suelo No Urbanizable Común".
Por todo lo expuesto, quien suscribe, considera compatible la actividad de explotación minera
a cielo abierto con el planeamiento urbanístico actual de las parcelas solicitadas, condicionada dicha compatibilidad al requisito imprescindible e ineludible de la obtención previa de la declaración de utilidad pública o interés social otorgada por el organismo competente."
Lo que le informamos a los efectos oportunos.
En Torres de la Alameda a 26 de julio de 2010
LA SECRETARIA GENERAL
NOTIFICACIÓN
Recibí la notificación
FIRMA:
D./Dña.
D.N.I:
Fecha:
3.11. MEDIO SOCIOECONÓMICO
3.11.1. SISTEMA TERRITORIAL
Los usos del suelo dominantes en el término municipal de Torres de la Alameda están constituidos por los usos agrícolas, dominando los cultivos cerealísticos en secano. En las zonas donde aparecen cuestas y laderas aparecen formaciones de matorral arbustivo y subarbustivo.
La zona de explotación propuesta se localiza en su totalidad sobre una zona ya afectada por minería.
Los núcleos urbanos más próximos a la concesión de explotación son los siguientes:
- Torres de la Alameda: 0,2 Km al Suroeste.
- Urbanización Los Hueros (Villalbilla): 1,5 Km al Norte
- Villalbilla: 4 Km al Noreste
- Loeches: 6 Km al Suroeste
- Alcalá de Henares: 6 Km al Norte
- Torrejón de Ardoz: 9 Km al Noroeste
Las distancias están medidas desde el límite de la concesión, aunque como se puede apreciar en la cartografía el límite de la zona realmente explotada no llegará hasta el límite de la concesión en ningún caso.
En cuanto a las infraestructuras viarias existentes en el término municipal de Torres de la Alameda, estas son:
- Al Sur la carretera M-225, la cual se adentra en la concesión y atraviesa el núcleo urbano de Torres de la Alameda; esta carretera une el núcleo de Torres de la Alameda con Valverde de Alcalá.
- Al Oeste se sitúa la carretera M-220, situada dentro de la concesión, que une Torres de la Alameda con Alcalá de Henares.
3.11.2. DEMOGRAFÍA
Actualmente el municipio de Torres de la Alameda se encuentra en un profundo crecimiento urbanístico como consecuencia del incremento poblacional sufrido estos últimos años en toda la Comunidad de Madrid. Así por ejemplo en el año 2000 la población era de 4.356 hab., habiéndose incrementado en la última década en más de 3.500 habitantes.
En la tabla siguiente se muestran los datos generales de población de la Comunidad de Madrid y del municipio de Torres de la Alameda.
| Población 2013 | Comunidad de Madrid | Torres de la Alameda |
|----------------|---------------------|----------------------|
| | 6.495.551 | 7.899 |
Torres de la Alameda tiene una extensión de 43,36 Km², lo que arroja una densidad de población de 182,17 hab/Km², una densidad considerablemente inferior a la de la Comunidad de Madrid, con 807,30 hab/Km².
| Población | Municipio | Zona | C. de Madrid | Año |
|----------------------------------|-----------|------|--------------|-----|
| Población empadronada | 7.941 | 100.900 | 6.489.680 | 2011|
| Hombres | 4.070 | 51.582 | 3.132.844 | 2011|
| Mujeres | 3.871 | 49.318 | 3.356.836 | 2011|
| Crecimiento relativo población | 0,57 | 1,85 | 0,48 | 2011|
| Grado de juventud | 19,92 | 17,29 | 15,22 | 2010|
| Grado de envejecimiento | 10,54 | 12,95 | 14,68 | 2010|
| Proporción de dependencia | 0,44 | 0,43 | 0,43 | 2010|
| Proporción de reemplazamiento | 1,41 | 1,25 | 1,14 | 2010|
| Razón de progresividad | 117,50 | 112,56 | 111,21 | 2010|
| Tasa de feminidad | 0,95 | 0,96 | 1,07 | 2011|
Datos poblacionales de Torres de la Alameda
3.11.3. SECTORES ECONÓMICOS
En el pasado la actividad económica estuvo ligada al sector primario, aglutinando un alto porcentaje de la población activa, si bien en la actualidad sólo representa un 0,71% del total (año 2009).
A día de hoy es el sector servicios el predominante, con un 61,09% del total de la actividad. Asimismo, el sector industrial ha experimentado un considerable aumento, representando en la actualidad 38,20%, muy por encima del conjunto de la Comunidad de Madrid.
| Producto Interior Bruto Municipal | Municipio | Zona | C. de Madrid |
|----------------------------------|-----------|------|--------------|
| Per cápita | 18.459 | 17.885 | 30.345 |
| Agricultura (%) | 0,71 | 2,52 | 0,10 |
| Industria (%) | 38,20 | 39,24 | 18,77 |
| Servicios (%) | 61,09 | 58,23 | 81,14 |
En cuanto al mercado de trabajo, los datos se resumen en la siguiente tabla:
| Mercado de trabajo | Municipio | Zona | C. de Madrid | Año |
|---------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------|--------------|-----|
| Afiliados en alta laboral a la Seguridad Social por 1.000 hab | 357,07 | 229,77 | 440,36 | 2009|
| Tasa de actividad femenina | 40,44 | 35,85 | 42,59 | 2001|
| Paro registrado | | | | |
| Por 100 hab. | 10,20 | 9,69 | 7,43 | 2011|
| Menores de 25 años (%) | 13,58 | 14,42 | 10,82 | 2011|
| Variación relativa (%) | 2,02 | 1,45 | 0,42 | 2011|
3.12. CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL APROVECHAMIENTO DEL RECURSO
La Concesión de Explotación “Torres de la Alameda Nº 2745” tiene una superficie de 12 cuadrículas mineras (plano nº 2), con unas reservas
medidas estudiadas que ascienden a la cantidad de 3.000.000 t de mineral.
Las características del yacimiento, en cuanto a las reservas seguras se refiere, son las siguientes:
- Superficie total de la concesión: 360 ha
- Superficie a explotar en esta prórroga: 12 ha
- Superficie restaurada (2011): 3 ha
- Potencia del mineral: hasta 50 m
- Altura media del banco: 2 m
- Densidad del mineral: 1,8 tn/m³
- Producción estimada: 60.000 t/año
- Volumen total a extraer: 1.200.000 tn
Para el presente proyecto prórroga se ha seleccionado un área que CEMENTOS PORTLAND VALDERRIVAS, S.A. tiene en propiedad en la concesión, aproximadamente 12 ha, las cuales ya han sido alteradas desde el inicio de las labores y que en la actualidad siguen abiertas porque el antiguo sistema de explotación, al ser por niveles y bajando cotas hasta fin de labores permanecía abierto para finalizar con las labores de restauración.
Las distancias de la zona seleccionada para el proyecto prórroga al núcleo urbano más cercano, que es Torres de la Alameda, en línea recta es de algo más de 800 m.
Para acceder a la zona objeto del proyecto prorroga se llega por la carretera M-311 desde fábrica “El Alto” hasta el nudo de carreteras del Puente de Arganda; desde este punto se utiliza la M-300 con dirección a Alcalá de Henares hasta llegar al km con desvío a la M-225 con sentido a Valverde y pasando el núcleo urbano de Torres de la Alameda se llega en
el primer kilómetro al acceso que lleva a la explotación con 1.000 metros del camino llamado “Camino del Portillo” (plano nº 3).
El método de extracción se modifica con respecto a lo que se ha venido haciendo hasta ahora, ya que es por banqueo y con maquinaria de arranque también diferente.
En el plano nº 7 se indica sobre una ortofoto la superficie alterada por la explotación y la superficie que se encuentra dentro de ésta que es el área proyectada a explotar en la siguiente prórroga. La franja de protección es la superficie alterada anteriormente y que no estará afectada por la extracción para los próximos años pero si será restaurada en ese periodo.
Los perfiles transversales y longitudinales de la situación actual se pueden ver en los planos 5 y 6.
3.12.1. MÉTODO DE EXPLOTACIÓN Y RESTAURACIÓN
El método de arranque se realizará por banqueo con altura de bancos de 2 metros utilizando para ello una máquina retroexcavadora. La máquina se posicionará sobre el banco superior para realizar el arranque directo de la arcilla y en la misma posición realizará la carga sobre el camión de transporte a fábrica.
El procedimiento de carga se realizará también con la máquina retroexcavadora que desde su posición en el banco de arranque puede realizar la carga sobre camiones con destino a fábrica.
Se realizará la reconstrucción de taludes de las lindes de las parcelas 283 y 1283 con la 282. Consiste en rellenar con material procedente de estas mismas fincas (283 y 1283 y con superficies alteradas) que es no valido para su envío a fábrica (al tratarse de conglomerados de guijarros). Véase siguiente figura.
Figura 15. Restauración de taludes
Lo proyectado para las fincas 1283 y 283 habrá que hacerlo también en el corte que existe lindando con el camino (camino del Portillo) paralelo a la explotación de 300 metros de corte.
Otras labores auxiliares son las de acondicionamiento de los caminos del transporte interior: el material a cargar a fábrica se encuentra en el corte, por tanto los camiones de transporte externo precisarán vías de acceso en perfecto estado.
Como se verá a continuación las labores de restauración se realizarán simultáneamente a la explotación en las superficies ya explotadas partiendo de la zona sur a un ritmo de 0,5 ha al año.
3.12.2. FASES DE LA EXPLOTACIÓN
Se trata de explotar la superficie alterada desde la fecha de inicio de prorroga (12 ha) ya que de las 15 hectáreas iniciales, tres hectáreas quedan restauradas en 2011. Durante esta labor de extracción se van acondicionado los taludes finales de los lindes con parcelas no explotables. Después de finalizada la extracción de este sector se procede a su restauración.
Esta fase consta de 3 etapas.
Los pasos en que consiste este método de explotación en el inicio de las labores son los siguientes desde la cota 690:
Partimos, como se describe en los perfiles (planos nº 5 y 6), de la situación actual en la zona alterada. El perfil cubre desde la cota 687 (la más alta de la zona es 690) que es la linde entre la parcela 1283 propiedad de CPV y la parcela 282 que no es propiedad de CPV. El perfil termina en la cota más baja, que es la 650 y da salida al camino llamado de la Ballesta que bordea las fincas 284, 285, 286 y 288 por el Oeste. La idea es la de aprovechar al máximo el material válido para la producción de clinker en fábrica.
De los estudios realizados se deduce que el material se encuentra indefinidamente lo que permite que se pueda extraer hasta 12 metros de profundidad y así llegar hasta la tongada que da salida a las aguas con caída natural por una pendiente del 1,7%.
El perfil final queda como se indica en el plano nº 6 con la línea marcada en verde. También se irán modelando los taludes finales según se va descendiendo. Incluso antes de empezar a extraer se tendrán que reconstruir los taludes de los cortados donde se está lindando con fincas o caminos que no serán explotados. Para ello se tendrá que rellenar con material de otras zonas de materiales no válidos, como hay en algunos depósitos las de las fincas 1283 y 283 que tienen en sus capas superiores material mezclado con guijarros y por tanto sería útil para relleno.
A continuación, describimos mediante dibujos las labores de la explotación en los frentes:
**1ª Etapa**
*Extracción de arcilla* con los bancos actuales se procede a extraer la arcilla mediante bancos de 2 metros de alto y arranque mecánico con retroexcavadora que se sitúa en el piso del banco superior para realizar la maniobra de arranque directo y la de carga sobre camión para su transporte directo a fábrica (véase figura 16). El piso que se deja de cada
capa debe de mantener la pendiente de 1,7%, en sentido longitudinal para la salida de aguas. Por cada capa extraída se debe acondicionar el tramo descendente del talud que se va conformando en la linde con el corte de los taludes.
El volumen a extraer por cada banco va variando, ya que el talud que rodea la explotación va reduciendo la superficie a explotar. Se empieza la extracción desde la cota inferior que es de 665 y en un avance casi horizontal (dejando la pendiente del 1,7%) se realizarán bancos de 2 metros de alto hasta la cota 676 en total 6 bancos (ver condición 2.1 de la declaración de impacto ambiental).
**2ª Etapa**
*Extendido de tierra vegetal procedente de caballones y siembra*
Como se planteó esta alternativa del proyecto las labores de restauración se realizarán simultáneamente a la explotación en las superficies ya explotadas partiendo de la zona sur a un ritmo de 0,5 ha al año. Al cabo de 20 años el proceso de explotación previsto estaría terminado y faltaría restaurar 2 hectáreas que se realizaría al siguiente año con lo que finalizaría la restauración completa de la explotación (ver plano nº 7) y quedará la superficie final de la plaza cantera con una pendiente
longitudinal del 1,7% que tendrá todo a su alrededor los taludes conformados y con pendientes del 1V:3H.
El proceso de restauración consiste en el extendido de las tierras vegetales y su posterior siembra (Figura 17).
**Figura 17. Conformación final y posterior extendido de tierra vegetal**
**3ª Etapa (previa al comienzo de las labores extractivas)**
De forma previa al comienzo de las labores extractivas se procederá a la retirada de material arcilloso con guijarros de las fincas 1283 y 283 para relleno en taludes finales perimetrales del área alterada (figura 18). Se trata de terraplenar taludes en los cortes actuales que son colindantes con fincas que no son de CPV, como es el caso de los de las fincas 1283 y 283 que lindan con la 282 y cortes que son próximos a caminos, como es el caso del corte paralelo al camino del Portillo, y que para seguir explotando en cotas inferiores es necesario rellenar y dar forma a dichos taludes.
El proceso empezaría por retirar la capa superior, de unos 4 metros de grosor, de las fincas 1283 y 283 de material no válido para su envío a fábrica. El material sería directamente cargado sobre camión y enviado a los taludes para su extendido y conformación por relleno.
El material utilizado como relleno se trata de depósitos de arcillas mezcladas con guijarros que al no poder ser utilizadas como producto para su envío a fábrica lo usaremos como relleno de los taludes. El material se
encuentra localizado en una zona compartida por las parcelas 1283 y 283, donde la extracción se detuvo por la mala calidad del material. Para su retirada, se arranca directamente el material de relleno por medios mecánicos similares a los de la extracción de la arcilla. El volumen total necesario para el relleno de los taludes es de 30.000 m³. Esto implica la extracción de 0,7 ha de esta finca ya alterada y con 4 metros de grosor.
El método de arranque de este material será igual que el de explotación, una retroexcavadora que directamente arranca y carga sobre camión volquete para su transporte interno hasta los lugares de relleno.
Después el material es depositado en los cortes para su relleno.
**Figura 18. Formación de taludes en linde fincas 283 y 1283 de CPV con la 282, y en el caso del corte que hay paralelo con el Camino del Portillo**
Para conformar los taludes del camino del Portillo, se basculará material con camiones desde la parte superior hasta tener suficiente material para poder formar un talud con pendiente 1:3 (Figura 18). El material se empujará con buldozer y para dar la pendiente final correcta se usará una motoniveladora de tal modo que la superficie quede apta para su siembra (Figura 19).
Ver planos 5 y 6 del presente Proyecto Alternativa donde se visualiza el resultado al finalizar las labores de explotación y de restauración con sus secciones.
![Diagrama de taludes con buldózer]
**Figura 19. Extendido y conformación de los taludes con buldózer**
De esta forma se cumple con la condición 2.2 de la DIA, tendido de taludes perimetrales del área alterada hasta una pendiente máxima de 3H:1V, corrección edáfica y revegetación con las especies y densidades correspondientes a los taludes del resto de la explotación.
**3.12.3. ZONAS DE ACOPIO TEMPORAL DE MATERIALES**
La fase inicial de la explotación consistió en la retirada de la tierra vegetal. Esta retirada de suelo se realizó en todas las zonas de explotación, encontrándose actualmente apilada dentro de la propia explotación minera en forma de caballones (ver plano nº 9). Una vez extraído el mineral, se depositará la capa de tierra vegetal nuevamente sobre el terreno a restaurar.
El caballón bordea la explotación en casi su totalidad y se puede estimar en 2.000 metros de caballón con un volumen de 24.000 m³.
4. MEDIDAS PREVISTAS PARA LA REHABILITACIÓN DEL ESPACIO NATURAL AFECTADO POR LA EXPLOTACIÓN DE RECURSOS MINERALES
Dentro de las medidas previstas para la rehabilitación del espacio natural afectado por la explotación, habría de distinguirse, de acuerdo con el artículo 13 del Real Decreto 975/2009, lo siguiente:
a) La remodelación del terreno, y que se entiende por la metodología a seguir en la explotación del recurso.
b) Los procesos de revegetación.
c) Otras posibles actuaciones de rehabilitación.
También se describirán en primer lugar y de forma independiente la tareas a realizar antes del comienzo de las labores extractivas.
Asimismo, se tendrán en consideración todas la especificaciones relacionadas en la declaración de impacto ambiental favorable formulada por la Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio de la Comunidad de Madrid con fecha 9 de mayo de 2014.
4.1. TAREAS A REALIZAR ANTES DEL COMIENZO DE LAS LABORES EXTRACTIVAS
De acuerdo con la condición 2.2 de la declaración de impacto ambiental, antes del comienzo de las labores extractivas se deberán realizar las siguientes tareas:
- Acondicionamiento de la superficie alterada por la práctica de motocross (parcela 3014 y parte de la 275 del mismo polígono 11 del catastro de rústica) con una superficie de 1,64 ha. En particular, ésta consistirá en una remodelación topográfica que suavice las formas existentes y evite la formación de encharcamientos, corrección
edáfica y una revegetación a base de especies arbustivas de acuerdo con la condición 8.1 de la DIA.
- Restauración de la plaza de la cantera situada al este de la superficie alterada (perteneciente a las parcelas 284, 285, 286, 3009 y 3010 del polígono 11) con una superficie de 1,04 ha, que no es objeto de la presente explotación minera: adecuación topográfica y edáfica y una revegetación a base de herbáceas (cereales).
- Tendido de los taludes perimetrales del área alterada hasta una pendiente máxima de 3H:1V, corrección edáfica y revegetación con las especies y densidades correspondientes a los taludes del resto de la explotación que se verán en el apartado 4.3 de este PREN.
- Revegetación arbustiva en los taludes de la zona restaurada en 2011, al sur del área a beneficiar en el actual proyecto, con las especies y densidades correspondientes a los taludes del resto de la explotación que se verán en el apartado 4.3 de este PREN.
No obstante lo anterior y dada la estacionalidad de las labores de siembra y plantación correspondientes a tales zonas, éstas podrán realizarse posteriormente al comienzo de las labores extractivas y, en todo caso, antes del transcurso de dos años del otorgamiento de la prórroga de la concesión de explotación.
Para el acondicionamiento morfológico de los taludes anteriores, se dispone en las parcelas 1283 y 283 de material no válido para su aprovechamiento por contener guijarros, estimado en unos 30.000 m³ de material en 0,7 ha con 4 m de grosor. El arranque de tales materiales no se considerará como labor extractiva dado que no se utiliza en fábrica sino en la restauración previa.
4.2. REMODELACIÓN DEL TERRENO
Uno de los objetivos del proyecto de explotación es el de no alterar más de lo que está ya abierto. Por eso, la superficie abierta de 12 hectáreas con la que se parte es una superficie más grande de la necesaria para lo previsto en los 20 años de extracción y, por tanto, existe una franja de protección que no será explotada y, sin embargo, si hay que restaurar en este periodo como está previsto en el proyecto.
Las labores de restauración previas al comienzo de las labores extractivas consistirán, tal y como se ha visto en el apartado anterior, en la conformación morfológica (con taludes con pendiente máxima 3H:1V) de las zonas que se señalan en el anexo cartográfico de la declaración de impacto ambiental como "taludes en restauración previa", áreas en restauración previa" y "franja de protección".
El perfil final del hueco de explotación queda como se indica en el plano n° 6 y en la siguiente figura. También se irán modelando los taludes finales según se va descendiendo, tal y como se ha visto en el punto 3.12 de este PREN.
Figura 20. Perfiles de detalle de la zona de relleno
Las labores de restauración de la superficie a explotar mineralemente se realizarán acompañadasamente con el avance del frente de explotación, de modo que no existirán en ningún momento terrenos explotados cuya distancia exceda de 50 m desde el pie del frente de explotación que no hayan recibido los trabajos de adecuación morfológica y reposición edáfica, tal y como establece la condición 8.2 de la declaración de impacto ambiental.
4.3. PROCESOS DE REVEGETACIÓN
EXTENSIÓN DE LA TIERRA VEGETAL
A continuación, se detallarán las medidas tendentes a la implantación en el terreno de la tierra vegetal.
Tal y como se ha visto anteriormente, el suelo retirado en la fase inicial se encuentra actualmente apilado dentro de la propia explotación minera en forma de caballones (ver plano nº 9).
El extendido de esta tierra vegetal se realizará con un espesor medio de 30 cm, de acuerdo con lo estipulado en la condición 8.1 de la declaración de impacto ambiental. Cuando se proceda al extendido de estas capas, es preciso hacerlo sobre terrenos con formas técnicamente estables. El extendido debe hacerse con maquinaria que ocasione una mínima compactación y debe evitarse el paso de maquinaria pesada sobre el material ya extendido.
Deberá tenerse en cuenta que cualquier operación con tierra vegetal (excavar, transportar, etc.) no debe hacerse en días de lluvia, para no convertir la tierra vegetal en barro, lo que la perjudica e incluso puede llegar a inutilizarla para trabajos posteriores.
Por su procedencia, las tierras de cobertura utilizadas deberían presentar unas características edáficas similares a las de los suelos naturales del entorno y, por tanto, ser adecuadas como sustrato para la vegetación que sea implantada. En caso que hayan sufrido deterioro de
sus condiciones edafoquímicas y una pérdida de fertilidad, la preparación del sustrato se completará con la adición de una serie de modificadores de las propiedades edáficas de los suelos aportados: abonos orgánicos, fertilizantes químicos y/o enmiendas.
Los abonos orgánicos y los fertilizantes de acción lenta se incorporarán al suelo, en caso de ser necesarios, con el laboreo superficial, extendiéndolos sobre la superficie antes de empezar a labrar. El aporte de materia orgánica se efectuará unos días antes de la implantación vegetal y deberá enterrarse inmediatamente. Los abonados de fondo se pueden incorporar con los nuevos suelos aportados.
**MEDIDAS PREVISTAS PARA LA REVEGETACIÓN**
En primer lugar se procederá, tal y como se ha mencionado anteriormente, a una mejora edáfica, incorporando la tierra vegetal retirada previamente, en un espesor de, al menos, 30 cm.
A continuación, se efectuará una **siembra de cereales** en la plaza de la cantera, similar a la existente en las parcelas del entorno.
También se ejecutarán **siembras y plantaciones** arbustivas (a razón de 1.200 ud/ha) en taludes y zonas de transición excepto una banda de la "franja de protección" de 15 m de anchura en colindancia con la zona a explotar, con especies características de coscojar y encinar: *Quercus rotundifolia*, *Quercus coccifera*, *Rhamnus lycioides*, *Retama sphaerocarpa*, *Thymus vulgaris*, *Lavandula latifolia*, *Salvia lavandulifolia*, *Rosmarinus officinalis*, *Stipa tenacissima*, *Dorycnium pentaphyllum*, etc., tal y como se establece en la condición 8.1 de la declaración de impacto ambiental.
La ejecución de las revegetaciones, dada su posible demora debido a la estacionalidad que conllevan, se realizarán en todo caso en los terrenos explotados que disten más de 100 m desde el pie del frente de explotación, tal y como se establece en la condición 8.2 de la declaración de impacto ambiental.
Ninguna zona deberá quedar desprovista de cubierta vegetal, debiendo repetirse el cultivo en las zonas restauradas al menos hasta la campaña posterior al fin de la autorización minera. Los cuidados posteriores a la plantación o a la siembra, se mantendrán hasta que éstas se puedan considerar logradas, procediéndose a la reposición de las marras durante un mínimo de dos años tras las plantaciones, tal y como se establece en la condición 8.3 de la declaración de impacto ambiental.
Con el fin de minimizar la producción y dispersión de polvo generado durante la extracción y transporte del material, se planificarán los desplazamientos, se limitará la velocidad de circulación de los vehículos en la zona de explotación y pistas a 20 Km/h y se realizarán riegos periódicos en los caminos utilizados como acceso con el fin de proteger la vegetación del entorno, tal y como se define en la condición 3.1 de la declaración de impacto ambiental.
4.4. OTRAS POSIBLES ACTUACIONES DE REHABILITACIÓN
4.4.1. AGUAS
Se construirá una balsa de decantación con la finalidad de poder decantar el posible arrastre de partículas producido por la escorrentía. En el plano de drenaje nº 8 y en la siguiente figura, viene indicada la ubicación de la balsa de decantación y el sistema de drenaje.
La balsa se situaría en el punto más bajo de la superficie abierta y antes de la zona ya restaurada; el agua que rebose en decantador seguirá circulando por las líneas de drenaje hasta su salida al arroyo de Pantueña.
Asimismo, parte de las aguas decantadas se reutilizarán como agua de riego de viales y caminos internos de la explotación.
En cuanto a las aguas residuales de tipo sanitario, dado el carácter impermeable del sustrato arcilloso de la zona impediría la infiltración del efluente vertido tras su paso por algún sistema de depuración, se
implantará una fosa estanca para recoger las aguas residuales procedentes de las casetas del personal, cuyo contenido será vaciado periódicamente por gestos autorizado para su tratamiento correspondiente, según se establece en la condición 4.2 de la declaración de impacto ambiental.
**Figura 21. Drenaje de la plaza de la cantera**
### 4.4.2. PAISAJE
Las medidas protectoras y correctoras definidas anteriormente, consistentes fundamentalmente en la remodelación del terreno y en la incorporación de vegetación, han sido diseñadas con el fin último de integrar la zona alterada en su entorno inmediato, sin que se requieran otras medidas adicionales desde el punto de vista paisajístico que las ya contempladas.
4.5. ABANDONO DEFINITIVO DE LAS LABORES
Como ya se ha descrito en diferentes partes de este PREN, las labores de restauración se realizarán simultáneamente a la explotación en las superficies ya explotadas partiendo de la zona sur a un ritmo de 0,5 ha al año. Al cabo de 20 años el proceso de explotación previsto estaría terminado y faltaría restaurar 2 hectáreas que se realizaría al siguiente año con lo que finalizaría la restauración completa de la explotación (ver plano nº 7) y quedará la superficie final de la plaza cantera con una pendiente longitudinal del 1,7% que tendrá todo a su alrededor los taludes conformados y con pendientes del 1V:3H.
Asimismo, como se verá en el capítulo 5, se procederá a retirar las dependencias del personal en la cantera (caseta con aseo y ducha, vestuarios y una habitación comedor). También se retirarán los cerramientos propios de la explotación y se procederá a la limpieza de residuos en parcelas y accesos.
5. MEDIDAS PREVISTAS PARA LA REHABILITACIÓN DE LOS SERVICIOS E INSTALACIONES ANEJOS A LA EXPLOTACIÓN DEL RECURSO MINERAL
La actividad a desarrollar en la Concesión de Explotación “Torres de la Alameda” se reduce única y exclusivamente a las operaciones de extracción de mineral y a la restauración del terreno alterado. Para ello se dispone de la maquinaria descrita en el apartado 4.1.2 de este PREN (toda ella maquinaria móvil) que desaparecerá del lugar una vez se finalice con la actividad.
No existen instalaciones de tratamiento en la explotación. Todo el material es directamente enviado a fábrica. Toda la arcilla extraída es válida y no le acompañan materiales extraños que podrían contaminar el crudo para la producción del clinker del cemento gris. Tampoco hay un tratamiento de reducción del tamaño de material porque la maquinaria que arranca el material directamente es capaz de desmenuzar los terrones, si ve algún trozo de tamaño inadecuado, lo rompe con el cazo.
Las dependencias del personal en la cantera estarán situadas en la entrada de la explotación, como se indica en el plano nº 9. Consistirán en una caseta con aseo y ducha, vestuarios y una habitación comedor. La corriente para el uso de la caseta de obra estará alimentada por un grupo electrógeno que dará energía eléctrica para el funcionamiento de los elementos propios de la caseta de operarios. Este grupo estará dotado de cubeto de contención individual impermeabilizado con capacidad para recoger un posible vertido del combustible que lo alimenta.
Como no hay agua de red disponible se acondicionará un depósito con agua traída del exterior. Una vez que finalice la explotación se retirarán estas instalaciones y se restituirá la zona.
Respecto al mantenimiento de la maquinaria, éste se realizará en una nave externa a la explotación, donde duerme. Todos los residuos
generados serán recogidos y envasados para su posterior gestión por una empresa acreditada.
El abandono de los trabajos se realizará tras la retirada de los cerramientos propios de la explotación y la limpieza de residuos en parcelas y accesos, eliminándolos en los vertederos autorizados que correspondan en razón de su composición y características. Se restituirá el camino utilizado para acceder a la explotación a sus características iniciales, tal y como se especifica en la condición 8.4 de la declaración de impacto ambiental.
6. PLAN DE GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS
En el Anexo II se incluye el Plan de Gestión de Residuos.
7. CALENDARIO DE EJECUCIÓN Y COSTE ESTIMADO DE LOS TRABAJOS DE REHABILITACIÓN
7.1. CALENDARIO DE EJECUCIÓN
Aunque inicialmente la prórroga de la Concesión está prevista para 30 años, las características del Grupo Minero TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA 2745 (conformado por las concesiones TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA 2745, LOECHES VALDERRIVAS 2746 y CARRETERA DE VALENCIA 2810) y su plan integrado de explotación, tal y como se describió en el apartado 1.2 de este PREN, hacen aconsejable y así se programa la reducción del periodo de explotación a 20 años.
De forma previa al comienzo de las labores de extracción y de acuerdo con la condición 2.2 de la DIA, se realizará el acondicionamiento de la superficie alterada por la práctica de motocross con una superficie de 1,64 ha, la restauración de la plaza de la cantera situada al este de la zona alterada con una superficie de 1,04 ha, el tendido de los taludes perimetrales del área alterada y la revegetación arbustiva en los taludes de la zona restaurada en 2011.
Las labores de restauración se realizarán simultáneamente a la explotación en las superficies ya explotadas partiendo de la zona sur a un ritmo de 0,5 ha al año. Al cabo de 20 años el proceso de explotación previsto estaría terminado y faltaría restaurar 2 hectáreas que se realizaría al siguiente año con lo que finalizaría la restauración completa de la explotación (ver plano nº 7) y quedará la superficie final de la plaza cantera con una pendiente longitudinal del 1,7% que tendrá todo a su alrededor los taludes conformados y con pendientes del 1V:3H.
7.2. COSTE ESTIMADO DE LOS TRABAJOS DE REHABILITACIÓN
Para el acondicionamiento morfológico de los taludes, se dispone de material no válido para su aprovechamiento, estimado en unos 30.000 m³
de material en 0,7 ha con 4 m de grosor. El arranque de tales materiales no se considerará como labor extractiva dado que no se utiliza en fábrica sino en la restauración previa.
- Superficie a excavar......................................................... 7.000 m²
- Volumen total a extraer ..................................................... 30.000 m³
Por otra parte, el caballón de tierra vegetal que bordea la explotación en casi su totalidad, está estimado en 2.000 metros de caballón con un volumen de 24.000 m³ de tierra vegetal.
- Longitud del caballón.......................................................... 2.000 m
- Volumen total de tierra vegetal........................................... 24.000 m³
Estas dos partidas anteriores serán consideradas como coste de los trabajos de restauración, ya que será necesario movilizarlos de forma específica para tales labores.
En el resto de los casos, los movimientos de materiales no se contabilizarán como coste de los trabajos de restauración, ya que formarán parte del proceso productivo, por lo que el coste de estos se contempla como gasto de explotación.
A continuación, se indican las partidas presupuestarias contempladas en este PREN con su medición, coste unitaria y coste total:
| Costo/u | Total |
|---------|-------|
| **TALUDES EN RESTAURACIÓN PREVIA Y FRANJAS DE PROTECCIÓN** | |
| Excavación de materiales de relleno de taludes (30.000 m³): | |
| Terraplén 3H:1V con materiales excavación (30.000 m³): | |
| Corrección edáfica (*) y Plantaciones en 2 ha (1.200 ud/ha): | |
PRÓRROGA DE VIGENCIA DE LA CONCESIÓN “TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA”, Nº 2745.
| ÁREAS EN RESTAURACIÓN PREVIA | |
|-----------------------------|---|
| Acondicionamiento topográfico, corrección edáfica (*) y siembra de cereales en plaza cantera (1,04 ha): | 1.100 € | 1.144 € |
| Plantación arbustiva en área afectada por motocross (1,64ha) | 3.000 € | 4.920 € |
| ZONAS A EXPLOTAR | |
|-----------------|---|
| Carga, transporte y extendido tierra vegetal: 24.000 m³: | 1,15 € | 27.600 € |
| (*) las correcciones edáficas están incluidas en esta partida. | |
| Siembras (9 ha) | 200 € | 1.800 € |
| Plantaciones en 1 ha (1.200 ud/ha): | 3.000 € | 3.000 € |
| OTROS | |
|------|---|
| Riego de caminos (100 ud.) | 100 € | 10.000 € |
| Fosa estanca | 1.290 € | 1.290 € |
| Retirada de los cerramientos propios de la explotación y la limpieza de residuos en parcelas y accesos | 2.000 € | 2.000 € |
125.554 €
El presente Presupuesto asciende a la cantidad de CIENTO VEINTICINCO MIL QUINIENTOS CINCUENTA Y CUATRO EUROS. (125.554 €).
Madrid, septiembre de 2015
CEMENTOS PORTLAND VALDERIVAS, S.A.
Fdo.: JAVIER QUEMADA
Ingenieros de Minas
ANEXOS
ANEXO I
DECLARACIÓN DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL
Comunidad de Madrid
Madrid, 6 de agosto de 2014
CEMENTOS PORTLAND VALDERRIVAS, S.A.
C/ José Abascal, 59
28003 –
Madrid
CON ACUSE DE RECIBO
Ref.: 175.086 (Cítese al contestar)
ASUNTO: Declaración de impacto Ambiental del proyecto de Prórroga de la concesión de explotación de recursos de la Sección C), denominada “TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA”, nº 2745-001, promovido por CEMENTOS PORTLAND VALDERRIVAS, S.A., en el término municipal de Torres de la Alameda (Madrid).
Adjunto se remite copia de la Declaración de Impacto Ambiental favorable del proyecto reseñado en el epígrafe, emitida por la Dirección General de Evaluación Ambiental de la Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, para su conocimiento y cumplimiento de lo establecido en lo referente a las condiciones previas a la autorización.
De acuerdo con lo establecido en el artículo 76 de la Ley 30/1992, de 26 de noviembre, de Régimen Jurídico de las Administraciones Públicas y del Procedimiento Administrativo Común, se le concede un plazo de 10 DÍAS HÁBILES contados a partir del día siguiente al de la recepción de la presente notificación para que aporte la documentación solicitada o bien la documentación justificativa de haber iniciado los trámites para su obtención.
EL JEFE DE ÁREA DE MINAS E INSTALACIONES DE SEGURIDAD
Fdo.: Juan Pedro Luna González
DECLARACIÓN DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DEL PROYECTO "EXPLOTACIÓN DE LA PRÓRROGA DE LA CONCESIÓN DE EXPLOTACIÓN MINERA DENOMINADA TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA Nº 2745", PROMOVIDO POR CEMENTOS PORTLAND VALDERRIVAS, S.A. EN EL TÉRMINO MUNICIPAL DE TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA
La Ley 2/2002, de 19 de junio, de Evaluación Ambiental de la Comunidad de Madrid regula mecanismos de acción preventiva entre los que se encuentra el procedimiento de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental para las obras, instalaciones o actividades comprendidas en los anexos correspondientes, así como los que resulten de la aplicación de lo dispuesto en sus artículos 5 y 6.
Con fecha 21 de noviembre de 2011 y referencia de entrada en el Registro General de esta Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio N° 05/368708.9/11, la Dirección General de Industria, Energía y Minas remitió la memoria-resumen del proyecto "Explotación de la prórroga de la Concesión de Explotación minera denominada TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA Nº 2745", promovido por Cementos Portland Valderrivas, S.A. en el término municipal de Torres de la Alameda, junto con informe municipal de viabilidad urbanística, con objeto de iniciar el procedimiento ordinario de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental debido a que las actuaciones pretendidas figuran en epígrafe 14 del Anexo Segundo de la citada Ley 2/2002.
A tal efecto, y en aplicación de lo dispuesto en el artículo 27 de la Ley 2/2002, con fecha 29 de diciembre de 2011 se comunica al promotor el inicio de dicho procedimiento, remitiéndole las directrices básicas para la elaboración del Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (en adelante EslA) así como el listado de las personas, instituciones y administraciones previsiblemente afectadas por el proyecto a las que debía consultar. Las consultas previas realizadas sobre el proyecto fueron:
- Subdirección General de Calidad Hídrica y Residuos (actual Subdirección General de Gestión de Residuos y Calidad Ambiental) (*)
- Área de Calidad Atmosférica
- Área de Vías Pecuarias (*)
- Dirección General de Urbanismo y Estrategia Territorial
- Dirección General de Carreteras, Consejería de Transportes e Infraestructuras (*)
- Dirección General de Patrimonio Histórico, Consejería de Empleo, Turismo y Cultura
- Ayuntamiento de Torres de la Alameda
- AEDE NAT/WWF
(*) Remitieron respuesta a la consulta
Con fecha 29 de junio de 2012 y referencia de entrada en el Registro General de esta Consejería N° 05/255824.9/12, la Dirección General de Industria, Energía y Minas remitió el EslA del proyecto de referencia. Examinado dicho documento, y apreciándose ciertas indeterminaciones y omisiones de datos, con fecha 8 de agosto de 2012, esta Dirección General solicitó al promotor el aporte de información complementaria. Dicha documentación fue remitida por la Dirección General de Industria, Energía y Minas mediante escrito de referencia de entrada N° 05/453949.9/12, de fecha 19 de diciembre de 2012.
Revisada la documentación presentada y considerando el EslA formalmente correcto, conforme a lo dispuesto en el artículo 29 de la Ley 2/2002, fue sometido a información
pública mediante anuncio en el Boletín Oficial de la Comunidad de Madrid de fecha 1 de marzo de 2013, y remitido al Ayuntamiento de Torres de la Alameda, para su exposición en el tablón de anuncios, concediéndose a tal efecto un plazo de 30 días para la formulación de alegaciones. Asimismo, durante dicho plazo el EslA estuvo disponible en el portal institucional de la Comunidad de Madrid (www.madrid.org), dándose cumplimiento a lo establecido en la Ley 27/2006, de 18 de julio, por la que se regulan los derechos de acceso a la información ambiental, de participación pública y acceso a la justicia en materia de medio ambiente.
Igualmente, a efectos de lo establecido en el Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2008, de 11 de enero, por el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley de Evaluación Ambiental de Proyectos, se remitió copia del EslA a las personas, instituciones y administraciones consultadas para su redacción, solicitando la remisión de comentarios y sugerencias en relación con la problemática ambiental del proyecto. Se recibió contestación de los siguientes organismos: Área de Vías Pecuarias, con referencia de entrada en el Registro General de esta Consejería Nº 10/033534.9/13, de fecha 22 de febrero de 2013; Ayuntamiento de Torres de la Alameda, con referencia de entrada Nº 10/039599.9/13, de fecha 1 de marzo de 2013; Dirección General de Carreteras, con referencia de entrada Nº 06/053857.9/13, de fecha 12 de marzo de 2013; Área de Calidad Atmosférica, con referencia de entrada Nº 10/115024.9/13, de fecha 5 de junio de 2013, y Dirección General de Urbanismo y Estrategia Territorial, con referencia de entrada Nº 10/013561.9/14, de fecha 8 de abril de 2014.
En informe remitido por el Ayuntamiento de Torres de la Alameda con fecha 1 de marzo de 2013, se informa desfavorablemente el EslA alegando que el uso pretendido está prohibido en el tipo de suelo en que se ubica (Suelo No Urbanizable Especialmente Protegido por su interés agrario con afeción de riberas y cauces) dado que es distinto al agrícola y no está declarado de utilidad pública o interés social, quedando expresamente prohibidas las extracciones de áridos.
A este respecto, esta Dirección General de Evaluación Ambiental, mediante escrito de fecha 12 de abril de 2013, comunica a dicho Ayuntamiento la existencia de contradicciones entre su informe de carácter desfavorable remitido con fecha 1 de marzo de 2013 y el informe de viabilidad urbanística emitido con fecha 26 de julio de 2010, de carácter favorable, requiriéndole un informe aclaratorio sobre dicha cuestión que no ha sido recibido a la fecha de emisión de esta Declaración de Impacto Ambiental. Asimismo, se informa al Ayuntamiento de que se ha solicitado informe a la Dirección General de Urbanismo y Estrategia Territorial como organismo competente en materia de Suelo No Urbanizable, y se recuerda que el otorgamiento de una Concesión de Explotación lleva implícita la declaración de utilidad pública de acuerdo con la legislación en materia de minería, como sucede con el presente proyecto.
Con posterioridad y de forma concluyente, el informe remitido por la Dirección General de Urbanismo y Estrategia Territorial con fecha 8 de abril de 2014 indica que el proyecto de referencia se considera viable desde el punto de vista técnico-urbanístico en el tipo de suelo en que se ubica, por considerarse incluido dentro de las instalaciones de utilidad pública o interés social.
En el Anexo I se describen los datos esenciales del proyecto. El Anexo II recoge los aspectos más significativos del Estudio de Impacto Ambiental.
En consecuencia, visto cuanto antecede y habiendo sido cumplidos los trámites establecidos en el Capítulo II del Título III de la Ley 2/2002, de 19 de junio, de Evaluación Ambiental de la Comunidad de Madrid, respecto al procedimiento ordinario de Evaluación de Impacto
Comunidad de Madrid
Ambiental, procede formular la Declaración de Impacto Ambiental del proyecto "Explotación de la prórroga de la Concesión de Explotación minera denominada TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA Nº 2745", promovido por Cementos Portland Valderrivas, S.A. en el término municipal de Torres de la Alameda, en los términos y con los requisitos que se exponen a continuación.
Nº Trámite: 175041 Fecha: 01/08/2014
Trámite: D.I.A. FAVORABLE
Registro Nº 10/071153 2/14
Técnico: JME
Remitente: D.G. EVALUACIÓN AMBIENTAL
Explotación: 2745-001 Nombre: TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA
DECLARACIÓN DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DEL PROYECTO “EXPLOTACIÓN DE LA PRÓRROGA DE LA CONCESIÓN DE EXPLOTACIÓN MINERA DENOMINADA TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA Nº 2745”, PROMOVIDO POR CEMENTOS PORTLAND VALDERRIVAS, S.A. EN EL TÉRMINO MUNICIPAL DE TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA
De conformidad con lo dispuesto en el artículo 34 de la Ley 2/2002, de 19 de junio, de Evaluación Ambiental de la Comunidad de Madrid y a los solos efectos ambientales, teniendo en cuenta todos los aspectos e informes relacionados en los antecedentes y habiendo sido cumplidos los trámites establecidos, a la vista del informe técnico elaborado por el Área de Evaluación Ambiental y elevado por la Subdirección General de Impacto Ambiental, procede formular Declaración de Impacto Ambiental favorable a la realización de la alternativa seleccionada en el Estudio de Impacto Ambiental del proyecto “Explotación de la prórroga de la Concesión de Explotación minera denominada TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA Nº 2745”, promovido por Cementos Portland Valderrivas, S.A. en el término municipal de Torres de la Alameda, con las especificaciones que se detallan a continuación.
Para la redacción de la presente Declaración de Impacto Ambiental (en adelante, DIA) se ha tenido en cuenta que:
El objeto del proyecto es la prórroga de una concesión minera para el siguiente periodo de 30 años, sobre una superficie que fue objeto de explotación previa, actualmente alterada y sin restaurar, para ser explotada previsiblemente durante 20 años de dicho periodo y proceder a su restauración final.
Se ha valorado que el avance del frente de explotación propuesto permite restaurar los terrenos alterados de manera simultánea a las labores de extracción del material.
Se ha considerado que la explotación se encuentra situada en una zona de relieve llano y uso predominantemente agrícola, fuera de espacios naturales protegidos.
Se han tenido en cuenta las prescripciones indicadas en los informes remitidos por los distintos organismos e instituciones consultados durante el procedimiento de evaluación.
Así, en aplicación de la presente DIA, se deberán cumplir todas las medidas preventivas y correctoras que contiene el Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (en adelante, EslIA), así como las condiciones que se expresan seguidamente, significando que, en los casos en que pudieran existir discrepancias entre unas y otras, prevalecerán las contenidas en la presente DIA.
Esta DIA se formula sin perjuicio de la necesidad de cumplir con la normativa aplicable y de contar con las autorizaciones de los distintos órganos competentes en el ejercicio de sus respectivas atribuciones y, por tanto, no implica, presupone o sustituye a ninguna de las autorizaciones que hubieran de otorgar éstos.
1. INFORMES Y AUTORIZACIONES SECTORIALES.
1.1. Previamente a la autorización sustantiva de la prórroga de la concesión, se deberá contar con las preceptivas autorizaciones/informes sectoriales aplicables, en particular:
- De la Dirección General de Urbanismo y Estrategia Territorial de esta Consejería respecto a la preceptiva Calificación Urbanística.
- De la Dirección General de Carreteras de la Consejería de Transportes Infraestructuras y Vivienda, tanto respecto a la viabilidad de los accesos a la
Comunidad de Madrid
explotación desde las carreteras competencia de la Comunidad de Madrid, como al itinerario previsto entre la explotación y la fábrica de cementos, y en particular respecto a la circulación del tráfico pesado por las travesías de los cascos urbanos y zonas residenciales.
1.2. Se deberá modificar el Plan de Restauración del Espacio Natural (PREN) vigente, de manera que se adapte al condicionado de la presente DIA (ver apartado 8), para lo cual deberá contarse con informe favorable de esta Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio. Tal documento deberá basar su cartografía en una imagen aérea a escala 1:5.000 de las superficies afectadas, que se utilizará como acreditación de la situación de partida para el cumplimiento de la presente DIA.
El nuevo PREN deberá contemplar la restauración total de la superficie afectada por la actividad minera, tanto la existente como la prevista en la prórroga solicitada. El condicionado que, en su caso, surgiese del examen del nuevo PREN se sumará al contenido de la presente DIA y será parte integrante de la misma.
2. CONDICIONES DE CARÁCTER GENERAL.
2.1. La superficie afectada por las labores extractivas dentro de la Concesión de Explotación "TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA" no excederá de la señalada en la documentación gráfica que forma parte del presente documento, que comprende la superficie de explotación solicitada por el promotor junto con una zona periférica a restaurar que fue alterada en labores mineras previas.
La plaza de cantera tendrá una cota inferior de 665 m en el extremo sur del área explotada, y se conformará hacia el noreste con una pendiente mínima de 1,7% en sentido longitudinal, garantizando la salida natural de las aguas de escorrentía y evitando encharcamientos. Tal y como indica el promotor, existirá un único frente de explotación (conformado en bancos de 2 m de altura) con orientación noroeste-sureste, que avanzará uniformemente en dirección noreste dejando tras de sí una franja de plaza de cantera y vía de transporte interno cuya anchura máxima se establece en 50 m, a partir de los cuales se habrán realizado las labores de restauración establecidas en el apartado 8 de la presente DIA, todo ello con objeto de minimizar la superficie alterada sin restaurar.
El incumplimiento de lo establecido en el párrafo anterior podrá suponer la paralización de la actividad extractiva hasta que las labores de restauración permitan alcanzar el límite superficial expresado.
2.2. Antes del comienzo de las labores extractivas, en la línea de lo indicado en el EslA, se deberán realizar las siguientes tareas (ver Anexo Cartográfico y apartado 8 de la presente DIA):
- Acondicionamiento de la superficie alterada por la práctica de motocross (parcela 3014 y parte de la parcela 275 del polígono 11 del Catastro de Rústica del término municipal de Torres de la Alameda). En particular, ésta consistirá en una remodelación topográfica que suavice las formas existentes y evite la formación de encharcamientos, corrección edáfica y una revegetación análoga a la del resto de la explotación.
- Restauración de la plaza de cantera situada al este de la superficie alterada (perteneciente a las parcelas 284, 285, 286, 3009 y 3010 del polígono 11), que no es objeto de la presente explotación minera: adecuación topográfica y edáfica y revegetación análoga a la del resto de la explotación.
• Tendido de los taludes perimetrales del área alterada hasta una pendiente máxima de 3H:1V, corrección edáfica y revegetación análoga a la del resto de la explotación.
• Revegetación arbustiva en los taludes de la zona restaurada en 2011, al sur del área a beneficiar en el actual proyecto, con las especies y densidades correspondientes a los taludes del resto de la explotación.
No obstante lo anterior y dada la estacionalidad de las labores de siembra y plantación correspondientes a tales zonas, éstas podrán realizarse posteriormente al comienzo de las labores extractivas y, en todo caso, antes del transcurso de dos años del otorgamiento de la prórroga de la Concesión de Explotación.
Para el acondicionamiento morfológico de los taludes anteriores, el promotor dispone en las parcelas 1283 y 283 de material no válido para su aprovechamiento por contener guijarros, estimado en unos 30.000 m$^3$ de material en 0,7 hectáreas con 4 m de grosor. El arranque de tales materiales no se considerará a los efectos de este epígrafe como labor extractiva dado que no se utiliza en fábrica sino en la restauración previa.
Los trabajos establecidos anteriormente formarán parte del PREN y estarán adecuadamente presupuestados.
2.3. Las labores extractivas en la Concesión de Explotación “TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA Nº 2745” no podrá ser coincidente en el tiempo con las de la Concesión de Explotación “LOECHES VALDERRIVAS Nº 2746”, según se indica en el EsIA.
2.4. Según señala el promotor, en la explotación no se ubicará ninguna planta de tratamiento del material extraído, que será transportado directamente a la fábrica de cementos de El Alto, sin formación de acopios temporales. Asimismo, no se realizarán acopios temporales de los estériles, que deberán ser utilizados directamente en la remodelación de los taludes finales.
2.5. De acuerdo con lo establecido por el promotor, el horario de trabajo será diurno y no existirá iluminación exterior ni en la zona de explotación ni en las instalaciones auxiliares.
2.6. De forma previa al comienzo de la explotación, se notificará a esta Consejería la fecha de inicio de la misma para poder llevar a cabo el seguimiento de las condiciones establecidas en esta DIA.
3. CONDICIONES RELATIVAS A LA PROTECCIÓN DE LA CALIDAD DEL AIRE.
3.1. Con el fin de minimizar la producción y dispersión del polvo generado durante la extracción y transporte del material, se planificarán convenientemente los desplazamientos de la maquinaria, restringiéndolos a las áreas estrictamente necesarias, y se limitará la velocidad de circulación de los vehículos en la zona de explotación y las pistas a 20 Km/h, efectuando la señalización oportuna para conseguir este objetivo. Asimismo, se limpiarán y tratarán, mediante riegos periódicos los caminos utilizados como accesos, al objeto de proteger la vegetación del entorno y quedando prohibido el uso de aditivos, como tensioactivos, en el agua de riego.
De acuerdo con el informe del Área de Calidad Atmosférica, los camiones que realicen el transporte del material deberán disponer de lonas que cubran la carga, de manera
que se evite la dispersión por el aire. Asimismo, se deberá disponer de un sistema de eliminación de los restos de barros y tierras de los vehículos en ruedas antes de su salida a la carretera.
Asimismo, se cumplirá lo dispuesto en el Real Decreto 102/2011, de 28 de enero, relativo a la mejora de la calidad del aire y en el resto de legislación vigente en lo que se refiere a los criterios de calidad del aire.
3.2. Dado que se trata de una actividad potencialmente contaminante de la atmósfera, según lo establecido en el Real Decreto 100/2011, de 28 de enero, por el que se actualiza el catálogo de actividades potencialmente contaminadoras de la atmósfera y se establecen las disposiciones básicas para su aplicación, se deberá obtener la autorización contemplada en la Ley 34/2007, de 15 de noviembre, de calidad del aire y protección de la atmósfera y cumplir las obligaciones establecidas en dicha legislación.
3.3. Se adoptarán las medidas oportunas para disminuir los niveles de ruido producidos por la maquinaria y equipos relacionados con la ejecución y funcionamiento de la explotación, debiendo cumplirse los valores límite de inmisión de ruido aplicables a actividades, establecidos en el Anexo III del Real Decreto 1367/2007, de 19 de octubre, por el que se desarrolla la Ley 37/2003, de 17 de noviembre, del Ruido, en lo referente a zonificación acústica, objetivos de calidad y emisiones acústicas, y el resto de la legislación aplicable.
Igualmente, la maquinaria que se utilice deberá cumplir lo establecido en el Real Decreto 212/2002, de 22 de febrero, por el que se regulan las emisiones sonoras en el entorno debidas a determinadas máquinas de uso al aire libre. Los dispositivos de presión que puedan ser utilizados contarán con sistemas de aislamiento acústico.
4. CONDICIONES RELATIVAS A LA PROTECCIÓN Y CONSERVACIÓN DE LAS AGUAS Y LOS SUELOS.
4.1. Tal y como se prevé en el EslA, las aguas pluviales recogidas en la plaza de cantera se recogerán en una balsa de decantación a situar en el punto más bajo del extremo sur del hueco actual, situado aproximadamente en la confluencia entre las parcelas 286, 288 y 3009 del polígono 11. Las aguas decantadas se reutilizarán como agua de riego de viales y caminos internos de la explotación.
4.2. En cuanto a las aguas residuales de tipo sanitario, dado que el carácter impermeable del sustrato arcilloso de la zona impediría la infiltración del efluente vertido tras su paso por algún sistema de depuración, se implantará una fosa estanca para recoger las agua residuales procedentes de las casetas de personal, cuyo contenido será vaciado periódicamente por gestor autorizado para su tratamiento correspondiente.
4.3. Se garantizará la protección de los recursos hídricos y de los suelos frente a vertidos o derrames de aceites, grasas e hidrocarburos, procedentes de la limpieza, mantenimiento y repostaje de maquinaria, así como de otros productos y/o residuos peligrosos.
Tal y como señala el promotor, las tareas de limpieza, mantenimiento y repostaje de la maquinaria se realizarán fuera de la parcela de explotación, en una nave habilitada para tal fin en la que también pernoctará dicha maquinaria. En todo caso, la superficie destinada a limpieza, mantenimiento y repostaje de maquinaria deberá estar techada y contar con solera impermeabilizada y sistema de recogida de derrames accidentales.
El depósito de combustible será aéreo, temporal, estanco, dotado de cubeto de contención individual impermeabilizado con capacidad para recoger la totalidad del combustible almacenado y, en su caso, deberá estar inscrito en el Registro de Instalaciones Petrolíferas. Se dispondrá de un recipiente con material absorbente adecuado, tipo sepiolita, para la recogida de los posibles derrames de combustible. Dichas condiciones serán también aplicables a la ubicación del grupo electrógeno así como del depósito de combustible que sea necesario para su funcionamiento.
4.4. Si accidentalmente se produjera algún vertido de materiales grasos, aceites o hidrocarburos tanto en la zona de trabajo minero como en el área de instalaciones auxiliares, se procederá a recogerlos, junto con la parte afectada de suelo, para su tratamiento en centros autorizados.
4.5. La tierra vegetal que se encuentra acopiada a lo largo de la franja de protección deberá emplearse en las labores de restauración y no será utilizada en ningún caso como tierra de relleno ni en la plaza de cantera ni en taludes, sino que deberá reponerse como capa más superficial en los terrenos restaurados.
5. CONDICIONES RELATIVAS A LA PROTECCIÓN Y CONSERVACIÓN DE LA VEGETACIÓN, LA FAUNA Y LOS HÁBITATS NATURALES.
5.1. Se adoptarán cuantas medidas sean necesarias para proteger la vegetación arbórea y arbustiva que, no siendo afectada directamente por las labores extractivas, lo pueda ser de manera indirecta, protegiéndose con tablones, vallado o cualquier otro sistema que sea efectivo aquellos que pudieran ser dañados por el paso de maquinaria u otra actividad.
6. CONDICIONES RELATIVAS A LA GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS.
6.1. En cuanto a la generación y gestión de residuos, será de aplicación lo dispuesto en la Ley 22/2011, de 28 de julio, de Residuos y Suelos Contaminados, y en lo que no se oponga o contradiga aquella, la Ley 5/2003, de 20 de marzo, de Residuos de la Comunidad de Madrid, con especial atención a la separación en origen de los mismos y a las autorizaciones necesarias para los gestores e inscripción en los registros para gestión y transporte, aplicando igualmente el resto de normativa vigente de residuos, sean éstos de tipo inerte, urbanos o peligrosos. En ningún caso se abandonarán residuos de cualquier naturaleza.
6.2. Los aceites usados y otras sustancias o materias que se puedan generar en el conjunto de la obra deberán ser gestionados según lo establecido en el Real Decreto 679/2006, de 2 de junio, por el que se regula la gestión de los aceites industriales usados.
6.3. El titular de la explotación será responsable de la aparición de cualquier residuo cuyo vertido no estuviera autorizado, estando obligado a retirarlo y transportarlo, por su cuenta y a su cargo, al gestor autorizado que corresponda en razón de su composición y características, con independencia de las acciones legales a que hubiera lugar.
7. CONDICIONES RELATIVAS A LA PROTECCIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL.
7.1. Si durante la ejecución de las obras apareciesen indicios de afección a un yacimiento o algún otro valor histórico, artístico o cultural, se paralizarán las obras y se informará inmediatamente al citado organismo para que examine los restos y adopte las medidas
oportunas, siendo de aplicación la Ley 3/2013, de 18 de junio, de Patrimonio Histórico de la Comunidad de Madrid.
8. CONDICIONES RELATIVAS A LA RESTAURACIÓN AMBIENTAL
8.1. Las labores de restauración previas al comienzo de las labores extractivas consistirán en la conformación morfológica (con taludes con pendiente máxima de 3H:1V) de las zonas que se señalan en Anexo Cartográfico como "taludes en restauración previa", "áreas en restauración previa" y "franja de protección", así como la reposición de un mínimo de 0,3 m de horizonte edáfico excepto en 15 metros de la "franja de protección" colindantes con la zona a explotar.
Las revegetaciones a acometer en tales superficies consistirán en la siembra de cereales en las plazas de cantera, tal y como prevé el EslA, y siembras y plantaciones arbustivas (a razón de 1.200 ud/ha) en taludes y zona de transición excepto una banda de la "franja de protección" de 15 m de anchura en colindancia con la zona a explotar, con especies características del coscojar y encinar (*Quercus rotundifolia*, *Q. coccifera*, *Rhamnus lycioides*, *Retama sphaerocarpa*, *Thymus vulgaris*, *Lavandula latifolia*, *Salvia lavandulifolia*, *Rosmarinus officinalis*, *Stipa tenacissima*, *Dorycnium pentaphyllum*, etc.). Tales siembras y plantaciones, dado su carácter estacional, podrán demorarse hasta dos años desde la aprobación de la prórroga solicitada de Concesión de Explotación.
Para la conformación morfológica descrita se utilizarán las arcillas mezcladas con guijarros existentes en la parcela de explotación según propone el EslA, sin que tales labores sean consideradas extractivas a los efectos de lo establecido en la presente DIA.
8.2. Las labores de restauración de la superficie a explotar mineralemente se realizarán acompañadamente con el avance del frente de explotación previsto en el EslA y compuesto de bancos de 2 m de altura, de modo que no existirán en ningún momento terrenos explotados cuya distancia exceda de 50 m desde el pie del frente de explotación que no hayan recibido los trabajos de adecuación morfológica y reposición edáfica.
En concordancia con lo establecido en el EslA, el vaciado resultante contará con taludes perimetrales de pendiente máxima de 3H:1V y garantizará la evacuación natural de la escorrentía de aguas pluviales, evitando la formación de encharcamientos. El horizonte edáfico a reponer tendrá un espesor mínimo de 0,3 m.
En cuanto a las labores de revegetación, consistirán en siembras en la plaza de cantera y siembras y plantaciones en taludes con las especies y densidades establecidas en el epígrafe anterior. La ejecución de las revegetaciones, dada su posible demora debido a la estacionalidad que conllevan, se realizarán en todo caso en los terrenos explotados que disten más de 100 m desde el pie del frente de explotación.
8.3. Ninguna zona deberá quedar desprovista de cubierta vegetal, debiendo repetirse el cultivo en las zonas restauradas al menos hasta la campaña posterior al fin de la autorización minera. Los cuidados posteriores a la plantación o a la siembra, se mantendrán hasta que estas se puedan considerar logradas, procediéndose a la reposición de marras durante un mínimo de dos años tras las plantaciones.
8.4. El abandono de los trabajos se realizará tras la retirada de los cerramientos propios de la explotación y de las instalaciones asociadas a la misma, así como tras la limpieza de residuos en parcelas y accesos, eliminándolos en los vertederos autorizados que corresponda en razón de su composición y características. Se restituirá el camino utilizado para acceder a la explotación a las sus características iniciales.
9. SEGUIMIENTO Y VIGILANCIA AMBIENTAL.
La vigilancia ambiental se llevará a cabo mediante la comprobación continuada del cumplimiento de cada una de las condiciones contenidas en el EslA y en la presente DIA por parte de un técnico especialista en disciplinas medioambientales, que será responsable de la realización del seguimiento oportuno para detectar posibles impactos no previstos y, en consecuencia, poder determinar las medidas correctoras complementarias. En particular, se tendrá en cuenta como mínimo los siguientes aspectos, que deberán quedar recogidos en los informes definidos en el Programa de Vigilancia Ambiental:
- Comprobación del desfase superficial máximo entre explotación y restauración.
- Comprobación de las medidas de lucha contra el polvo y ruido. Se realizarán campañas de mediciones de niveles sonoros y partículas sedimentables para verificar el cumplimiento de los objetivos de calidad establecidos en la presente DIA.
- En relación con los residuos, se realizará el control continuo de la documentación relativa a las condiciones de envasado, etiquetado, almacenamiento y gestión de los residuos peligrosos generados en las instalaciones, de acuerdo con la Ley 5/2003, de 20 de marzo, de Residuos de la Comunidad de Madrid.
- Control del correcto funcionamiento de la fosa séptica y su vaciado por gestor autorizado, realizándose las operaciones de mantenimiento necesarias.
- Control bimestral del sistema de decantación de las aguas pluviales.
- Control de los posibles vertidos accidentales y, en su caso, adopción de las medidas de actuación necesarias.
- Control de la aparición de elementos del Patrimonio Histórico-Artístico.
- Control y seguimiento de la progresión y adecuación de la restauración morfológica, edáfica y vegetal, de acuerdo con las condiciones de los puntos 2 y 8 de la presente DIA. Se realizarán controles trimestrales durante el periodo de extracción y semestrales durante los tres años posteriores a su finalización. El periodo de seguimiento de las labores de restauración vegetal será de tres años, de manera que se permita la comprobación del arraigo definitivo de las plantaciones.
- Verificación de la retirada de restos y limpieza general en las zonas en las que se vaya finalizando la restauración.
- Identificación de los impactos residuales que, tras la aplicación de las medidas preventivas y correctoras, pudieran aparecer.
Durante la explotación, el promotor elaborará informes anuales del cumplimiento de las condiciones de la presente DIA, en los que se detallen los diferentes controles realizados, referidos al seguimiento de las medidas de protección ambiental instrumentadas y, como mínimo, al cumplimiento de los aspectos señalados en el condicionado anterior. Dichos informes quedarán en las instalaciones a disposición de las autoridades competentes. Todas
las analíticas de agua, suelos, etc., y mediciones de ruido deberán estar certificadas por un organismo de control acreditado por ENAC y autorizado por el organismo competente.
Sin perjuicio de lo anterior, esta Consejería podrá efectuar las comprobaciones que sean necesarias para verificar dicho cumplimiento, variar la periodicidad y el contenido de los informes requeridos o, en su caso, establecer las medidas complementarias de protección ambiental que fueran precisas de acuerdo con los resultados del seguimiento ambiental.
La modificación del proyecto evaluado en cualquier aspecto que se aparte de lo contemplado en el EslA y el contenido de la presente DIA deberá someterse a previa aprobación de esta Consejería.
A la efectividad de la presente DIA se le otorga un plazo de dos años desde su fecha de emisión, debido a posibles variaciones en el medio natural, las actividades implantadas en el entorno y la legislación aplicable. Trascurrido dicho plazo sin que hubiese comenzado la explotación o el montaje de las instalaciones necesarias para la ejecución del proyecto, si el promotor pretendiese llevarlo a cabo, en aplicación del artículo 37 de la Ley 2/2002, deberá solicitar informe a esta Consejería sobre la vigencia de la presente DIA, pudiendo en dicho caso emitirse informe desfavorable o cambiar las condiciones de ejecución del proyecto.
Lo que se comunica a los efectos oportunos.
Madrid, a 9 de mayo de 2014
EL DIRECTOR GENERAL
DE EVALUACIÓN AMBIENTAL
Fdo.: Mariano González Sáez
ANEXO I.- DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROYECTO SEGÚN EL ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL.
El proyecto tiene como objeto la prorroga de la Concesión de Explotación de la Sección C) Arcilla denominada "TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA Nº 2745" para el siguiente período de 30 años, si bien la actividad extractiva se realizará durante los primeros 20 años de la prórroga. Esta concesión fue autorizada con fecha 7 de abril de 1983, abarca 12 cuadrículas mineras en los municipios de Torres de la Alameda y Villalbilla, con una superficie aproximada de 360 ha, y se estiman unas reservas medias de 3 millones de toneladas de arcillas.
La concesión "TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA Nº 2745" forma parte del Grupo Minero "Torres de la Alameda" junto con las concesiones de explotación "LOECHES VALDERRIVAS Nº 2746", que se encuentra al suroeste junto al núcleo urbano de Loeches, y "CARRETERA DE VALENCIA Nº 2810", que se localiza al sur entre los núcleos urbanos de Perales de Tajuña y Villarejo de Salvanés. El promotor pretende realizar una actividad extractiva y de restauración planificada y coordinada de las tres concesiones durante el siguiente periodo de 30 años, contando ya con Declaración de Impacto Ambiental favorable la prorroga de la concesión "CARRETERA DE VALENCIA Nº 2810" y estando en tramitación la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental de la prorroga de la concesión "LOECHES VALDERRIVAS Nº 2746".
Los materiales extraídos de dichas concesiones serán transportados a la fábrica de cemento "El Alto", propiedad del promotor y sita en Morata de Tajuña, cuya demanda estimada de arcilla es de 100.000 t/año. Para cubrir la demanda, el promotor ha diseñado para el siguiente periodo de 30 años una explotación planificada y coordinada de las tres concesiones: se prevé extraer 40.000 t/año en la concesión "CARRETERA DE VALENCIA" para ese periodo, suministrando el resto (60.000 t/año) la concesión "TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA" durante los primeros 20 años y la concesión "LOECHES VALDERRIVAS" en los siguientes 10 años, de manera que estas dos últimas no estarán en funcionamiento de manera simultánea. Por tanto, en la prorroga solicitada para la concesión "TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA" se extraerá un total de 1,2 millones de toneladas (aproximadamente 666.667 m³) durante los primeros 20 años.
Para la concesión "TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA", el promotor elaboró inicialmente un proyecto de explotación para los terrenos que adquirió en propiedad, que abarcan una superficie de 30 ha situada entre la Dehesa de los Hueros y el núcleo urbano de Torres de la Alameda, a unos 800 m de distancia en línea recta del mismo. Dichos terrenos se dividieron en dos sectores de 15 ha de superficie cada uno: el denominado sector 1, que abarca parte o la totalidad de las parcelas 283, 284, 286, 287, 288, 289, 1283, 3008, 3009, 3010, 3011, 3012, 3013 y 3015 del polígono 11 del Catastro de Rústica del término municipal de Torres de la Alameda; y el denominado sector 2, que abarca parte o la totalidad de las parcelas 284, 285 y 286 de ese mismo polígono.
Hasta la actualidad sólo ha sido explotado el sector 1, del cual únicamente se han restaurado 3 ha situadas en su extremo sur en el año 2011, quedando abierta una superficie alterada de 12 ha que no han sido restauradas puesto que el antiguo método de arranque, descendente por niveles hasta el fin de labores, obligaba a mantener la superficie abierta finalizando con la restauración. Además, existe un área de 1,3 ha situada al oeste del camino del Portillo, formada por la parcela 3014 y parte de la parcela 275 del polígono 11, que fue explotada antes de que se otorgara la concesión y actualmente se halla alterada por la práctica de motocross. Al ser terrenos propiedad del promotor, éste se compromete a acondicionarlos para su replantación y cerramiento antes del inicio de la extracción.
El yacimiento de arcilla tiene una potencia media de hasta 50 m. El promotor prevé realizar su explotación a cielo abierto por el método de báqueo descendente en profundidad y
restauración progresiva, con bancos de 2 m de altura hasta una profundidad de 12 m, que se corresponde con la tongada que da salida a las aguas por gravedad con una pendiente del 1,7% en sentido longitudinal, avanzando la extracción desde la cota inferior de 665 m (extremo sur del área explotada) hasta la cota 676 m (zona norte).
Se pretende continuar la extracción de mineral en el hueco de 12 ha de superficie abierto en el sector 1, por lo que los terrenos del sector 2 no se incluyen en este proyecto extractivo. Según el EslA, dicha superficie es mayor de la necesaria para la producción total estimada en los 20 años de extracción, por lo que se dejará una franja sin explotar que será restaurada y que servirá de protección respecto a caminos y lindes con otras fincas. Dicha franja tiene una anchura variable, siendo de aproximadamente 18 m en las zonas más estrechas, y está situada únicamente en el perímetro oeste y norte de la explotación, ocupando aproximadamente 2 ha. La superficie resultante que será explotada es de unas 10 ha.
Se realizará el arranque directo de la arcilla mediante retroexcavadora ubicada sobre el banco superior y en la misma posición realizará la carga sobre el camión para su transporte directo a fábrica; el piso resultante de cada capa debe mantener la pendiente de 1,7% para la salida de agua por gravedad. Según se va descendiendo de banco, se dejará la porción del talud final correspondiente ya restaurado.
En el inicio de las labores y antes de empezar a extraer, se reconstruirán los taludes de los cortados existentes que lindan con fincas o caminos que no son propiedad del promotor y no serán explotados, como son las lindes de las parcelas 1283 y 283 con la parcela 282 en la zona norte, cuyo desnivel varía entre 4 y 10 m en una longitud de 250 m, así como el talud que bordea el camino del Portillo al oeste del hueco actual, en un tramo de 300 m con 9 m de desnivel máximo. Para ello se prevé retirar la capa superior de las parcelas 1283 y 283, formada por unos 4 m de material arcilloso mezclado con guijarros, no válido para su envío a fábrica, que se cargará sobre camión para su extendido y conformación por relleno de los taludes hasta conseguir una pendiente final 1V:3H. El promotor estima que será necesario disponer de un volumen de 30.000 m³ de rechazos para el relleno de taludes, lo que equivale a extraer una capa de hasta 4 m de espesor en 0,7 ha de la superficie ya alterada de tales parcelas, sin afectar a la subparcela 283 a.
El todo-uno extraído se transportará directamente a la fábrica de cementos El Alto, situada a aproximadamente 30 km de distancia de la explotación, donde la arcilla será tratada para obtener clinker de cemento gris. El itinerario que seguirán los camiones de transporte seguirá la carretera M-225, atravesando el núcleo urbano de Torres de la Alameda, hasta llegar a la carretera M-300, por donde continúa, discurriendo por el núcleo urbano de Loeches, la carretera M-208, el barrio de La Poveda en el término municipal de Arganda del Rey, la carretera M-506 y la M-832 hasta llegar a la fábrica.
La maquinaria a emplear consta de una retroexcavadora para las labores de arranque del material y carga en camiones, un camión volquete para las labores de movimiento interior de cantera que sólo se producirán en las fases de relleno al principio y al final de la explotación, y una motoniveladora para el acondicionamiento de pistas y accesos y para el extendido de tierras vegetales en la restauración. El mantenimiento de la maquinaria se realizará en una nave externa a la explotación, donde también se almacenará durante la noche. Los residuos generados en esta actividad serán gestionados por una empresa acreditada.
El acceso a la explotación se realizará desde el camino del Portillo, que parte de la carretera M-225, quedando situada la entrada y salida al hueco minero al noroeste. Se realizarán pistas interiores a la explotación de 5 m de anchura, que deben estar continuamente
acondicionadas para mantener un perfecto estado, ya que el tránsito y la propia extracción provoca que deban ser adaptadas al piso de la explotación. El tráfico de camiones será pequeño (unos 10 en días de producción) y, según el promotor, no hay posibilidad de cruce en el interior de la explotación.
En cuanto al drenaje de la explotación, para recoger las aguas pluviales se dispondrá de una balsa de decantación en el extremo sur del hueco actual, en el punto más bajo de la superficie abierta y antes de la zona restaurada (aproximadamente en la confluencia entre las parcelas 286, 288 y 3009). El agua que rebose de la balsa circulará por gravedad por un reguero a construir durante el primer año de la prórroga, que tendrá su salida en el punto más bajo de la explotación (situado en la linde de la explotación con el camino que la bordea, entre las parcelas 289 y 296), discurriendo sobre el terreno por las líneas de drenaje natural hasta llegar al arroyo de Pantueña.
Las dependencias del personal de la cantera estarán situadas junto a la entrada a la explotación y consistirán en una caseta con aseo, ducha, vestuarios y comedor. La electricidad será suministrada por un grupo electrógeno y el agua se abastecerá desde un depósito que será llenado con agua traída del exterior. El horario de trabajo será diurno, no contemplándose iluminación artificial.
En el PREN original se proponía remodelar los taludes hasta conseguir una pendiente del 20% y recuperar el uso agrícola de los terrenos, con un ritmo de restauración de 2,9 ha al año. De tal restauración únicamente se ha llevado a cabo en el año 2011 la correspondiente a 2,9 ha sobre el total de unas 15 ha afectadas por la explotación.
Durante el periodo de explotación que se evalúa (20 años), las labores de restauración se realizarán simultáneamente a la explotación partiendo de la zona sur a un ritmo de 0,5 ha al año, de manera que, transcurrido tal periodo, el proceso de explotación previsto estaría terminado, se habrían restaurado 10 ha y quedarían 2 ha a restaurar en el siguiente año (correspondientes a la franja de protección respecto a caminos y lindes), completándose la restauración en el año 21 de la prórroga.
El proceso de restauración consiste básicamente en el extendido de la tierra vegetal y su posterior siembra, con la siguiente secuencia:
1) Modelado del terreno: se reconstruirán los taludes de las lindes de las parcelas 283 y 1283 con la parcela 282, así como con el corte que existe lindando con el camino del Portillo, empleando como material de relleno los estériles de explotación que no son válidos para su envío a fábrica. No está previsto realizar rellenos en la plaza de cantera, cuya superficie final tendrá una pendiente longitudinal del 1,7% y sus taludes perimetrales estarán conformados con pendientes 1V:3H. Se procederá al extendido de la tierra vegetal retirada en la fase inicial de la explotación, que se encuentra actualmente apilada a lo largo de la franja de seguridad en forma de caballones.
2) Laboreo superficial para eliminar las irregularidades de la capa superficial del suelo y las piedras presentes, creando una cama de siembra uniforme mediante motocultor o bien mediante el paso de una rastra montada sobre tractor agrícola seguida de un rulo, según la accesibilidad y tamaño de la zona a tratar.
3) Abonado y/o enmiendas de las tierras de cobertera reimplantadas, que se incorporarán en caso de ser necesario junto con el laboreo superficial.
4) Construcción de una balsa de decantación para retener el posible arrastre de partículas producido por la escorrentía.
5) Revegetación mediante siembra de cereales similar a la existente en las parcelas del entorno, con el fin de integrar en el paisaje el hueco remanente y establecer un aprovechamiento agrícola en el terreno.
6) En los dos años siguientes a la ejecución de las labores de restauración se llevará a cabo un adecuado mantenimiento y conservación de la siembras.
ANEXO II.- RESUMEN DEL CONTENIDO DEL ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL.
El Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (en adelante, EsIA) comienza con un apartado de introducción en el que se establecen los antecedentes, objeto y contenido del estudio. Seguidamente, se realiza la descripción del proyecto y sus acciones, información que ya ha sido objeto de atención en el Anexo I de la presente DIA.
Continúa el EsIA con un estudio de las alternativas técnicamente viables, habiéndose estudiado las siguientes opciones de diseño de la explotación:
- **Proyecto original (alternativa 1)**: consiste en seguir explotando los terrenos del sector 1 y comenzar a explotar los terrenos del sector 2, todo ello en el periodo de 30 años que se solicita, utilizando el método de extracción propuesto inicialmente (arranque descendente hasta el fin de labores, finalizando con la restauración) empleando un buldozer para la extracción de las arcillas, que son posteriormente cargadas en los camiones de transporte mediante una pala cargadora.
- **Proyecto alternativo (alternativa 2)**: descrito en el anexo I de la presente DIA. Consiste en continuar la explotación en las 12 ha no restauradas del sector 1 durante los primeros 20 años de la prórroga que se solicita, dejando fuera los terrenos del sector 2, utilizando para ello un método de extracción por banqueo con arranque de las arcillas y su carga directa en los camiones de transporte con una retroexcavadora, y restaurando las zonas explotadas con un ritmo de 0,5 ha al año.
Se elige la alternativa 2 por tener una menor afección ambiental, dado que afecta a una superficie sensiblemente inferior y durante un menor periodo de tiempo que la alternativa 1, además el método de explotación propuesto reduce la maquinaria a emplear, simplifica el proceso de arranque/carga y evita tener que realizar campañas previas de arranque con otras máquinas antes de cargar la arcilla a fábrica, a diferencia de la alternativa 1.
El EsIA prosigue con el inventario ambiental, en el que se analizan los siguientes aspectos y recursos del medio, incluyendo cartografía temática: encuadre del ámbito de estudio, climatología, geología y geomorfología, suelos, hidrología e hidrogeología, vegetación y usos del suelo, fauna, paisaje, vías pecuarias, áreas especiales de protección, planeamiento urbanístico, medio socioeconómico y patrimonio cultural. Entre los citados aspectos, cabe destacar los siguientes datos:
La litología de la zona de explotación está formada por arcillas marrones y grises y por gravas y cantos poligénicos de caliza y cuarcita, arenas y arenas limo-arcillosas, correspondiendo los afloramientos a paquetes arcillosos de las facies intermedias (Unidad Alcalá), con esmectita e illita como componentes mayoritarios, e intercalaciones de arenas muy finas y limos. El relieve del entorno es ondulado, con cotas máximas de 726 m al noreste y mínimas de 640 m en el arroyo de Pantueña.
Respecto a la hidrología, el ámbito se sitúa en la subcuenca del río Jarama, dentro de la cuenca del río Tajo. Dentro de los terrenos de la concesión existen dos cursos de agua, el arroyo de Pantueña aproximadamente a 300 m al sur y el barranco Molina a más de 100 m al noreste, ambos fuera de los terrenos que se van a explotar, a una distancia mayor de 100 m. La zona de estudio se localiza en el Sistema Acuífero nº 14 “Terciario Detritico”, concretamente sobre arcillas y margas impermeables. Según un estudio realizado por el Departamento de Ingeniería Geológica de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid en una cantera de arcillas de Torres de la Alameda en el año 2011, el nivel freático se encuentra por debajo de 15 m de profundidad, tomando como referencia la cota 650 m. El promotor no plantea explotar por debajo del nivel freático.
La vegetación potencial pertenece a la Serie mesomediterránea castellano-aragonesa basófila de la encina (*Quercus rotundifolia*). Actualmente, los terrenos de la concesión están ocupados principalmente por cultivos de cereal, existiendo en la parte noreste formaciones de matorral y arbustivas. La superficie sobre la que se pretende seguir extrayendo material ha sido ya explotada, por lo que no presenta vegetación.
Para estudiar la fauna potencialmente presente en el ámbito estudiado, se definen los siguientes biotopos: el área con actividad minera, los cultivos que la rodean y los matorrales situados al noreste. Entre la fauna citada en el EslA como habitante de estos biotopos destacan por su diversidad las aves paseriformes, presentándose también mamíferos como el conejo (*Oryctolagus cuniculus*) o reptiles como la lagartija ibérica (*Podarcis hispanica*), no encontrándose ninguna especie incluida en el Catálogo de Especies Amenazadas de Flora y Fauna de la Comunidad de Madrid.
El paisaje de la zona tiene un carácter predominantemente agrícola, con llanuras aluviales, terrazas, páramos y lomas como elementos fisiográficos más destacados, valorándose su calidad visual como media-baja y su fragilidad visual como media-alta. Dentro de la concesión, el promotor distingue dos unidades de paisaje: zonas suavemente onduladas con cultivos cerealistas de secano y lomas con matorral, considerándose la calidad visual del conjunto como media-baja y la fragilidad visual como baja. Según indica el EslA, la intervisibilidad del proyecto es baja ya que, al tratarse de una zona deprimida respecto al terreno, no es accesible visualmente desde las carreteras que discurren por la concesión o desde el núcleo urbano de Torres de la Alameda.
Los terrenos de la concesión "TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA" se encuentran fuera de espacios protegidos y de la Red Natura 2000. En el borde noreste existen terrenos declarados como Monte Preservado según la Ley 16/1995, de 4 de mayo, Forestal y de Protección de la Naturaleza de la Comunidad de Madrid, si bien quedan fuera de la zona de explotación prevista.
Se ha realizado una estimación del nivel sonoro que sería percibido en el núcleo urbano de Torres de la Alameda (situado aproximadamente a 812 m de distancia) debido al funcionamiento de la actividad minera para el caso más desfavorable, definido como la operación simultánea de la retroexcavadora y dos volquetes a máxima potencia. Así, teniendo en cuenta que la explotación se realizará en el interior del hueco existente, el nivel sonoro percibido en esa población sería de 38,3 dBA.
Posteriormente, se realiza la identificación y valoración de impactos para la fase de explotación minera, ya que la actividad no requiere de fases preparatorias del terreno, señalando las acciones del proyecto susceptibles de generar afecciones y los factores afectados. Para la valoración de los impactos identificados, primero se caracterizan éstos de manera cualitativa, a partir de una serie de atributos descriptivos, clasificándolos en compatibles, moderados, severos y críticos.
Los principales impactos identificados en la fase de construcción son generación de ruidos y alteración de la calidad del aire por el arranque, carga y transporte del mineral, así como por las acciones de restauración que conllevan movimiento de tierras, alteraciones del sistema geológico-geomorfológico por la explotación propiamente dicha, pérdida y alteración del suelo, modificación del sistema de drenaje, afección a la fauna, cambios en la estructura del paisaje y afección a infraestructuras. Todos los impactos identificados son considerados por el promotor como compatibles.
Comunidad de Madrid
A continuación, el EsIA presenta una propuesta de medidas correctoras y protectoras, entre las que destacan las siguientes:
- Para minimizar la producción de polvo, se acondicionarán diariamente los caminos de la concesión por los que discurren los camiones y se regarán los accesos en días de viento fuerte para reducir la dispersión de polvo.
- Se realizará el extendido de la tierra vegetal retirada de todas las zonas de la explotación en el inicio de las labores, que se encuentra apilada dentro de los límites de la explotación formando caballones, con un espesor medio de 20 cm sobre el terreno a restaurar. Se empleará maquinaria que ocasione una mínima compactación y se evitará el paso de maquinaria pesada sobre el material ya extendido.
- De forma previa al depósito de tierra vegetal en la zona a restaurar, se realizará un escarificado de toda la superficie con una profundidad de labor no superior a 30 cm, mediante paso de un rastrillo arrastrado por tractor de orugas.
- Se procederá a realizar las labores de restauración simultáneamente a la explotación en superficies ya explotadas mediante el extendido de las tierras vegetales y su posterior siembra de cereales.
- Se construirá una balsa de decantación en el punto más bajo de la superficie abierta y antes de la zona ya restaurada, con la finalidad de decantar el posible arrastre de partículas producido por la escorrentía.
- En los dos años posteriores a la ejecución de las labores de restauración se llevará adecuado mantenimiento y conservación de la siembras (resiembras, siegas, etc.).
- Con objeto de minimizar afecciones al camino del Portillo, especialmente en la zona más próxima a la explotación, se realizará una serie de labores de mantenimiento con la cuchara de la pala cargadora para mantenerlo lo más allanado posible y sin acumulaciones de barro.
Finalmente, el EsIA contempla un Plan de Vigilancia Ambiental para garantizar el cumplimiento de las medidas preventivas y correctoras planteadas.
El EsIA incluye un documento de síntesis y los siguientes anexos: informes de la Dirección General de Evaluación Ambiental, organismos consultados e informes, artículo del Departamento de Ingeniería Geológica de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid relativo al análisis de parámetros dinámicos y estáticos en la prospección de áridos, certificado de viabilidad urbanística, aprobación del Plan de Labores para el año 2011, solicitud de Hoja Informativa de Actuaciones Arqueológicas y un anexo cartográfico.
ANEXO CARTOGRÁFICO
Declaración de Impacto Ambiental del proyecto "Explotación de la prórroga de la Concesión de Explotación minera denominada TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA Nº 2745". Ref. SEA 55/11
ANEXO II
PLAN DE GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS
ÍNDICE
1. INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................. 2
2. OBJETO DEL PLAN ............................................................ 4
3. CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA EXPLOTACIÓN MINERA .................. 6
3.1. PLAN DE EXPLOTACIÓN .............................................. 6
3.1.1. Grupo Minero “Torres de la Alameda” ..................... 6
3.1.2. Características generales ....................................... 7
3.1.3. Método de explotación .......................................... 8
3.1.4. Fases de explotación ........................................... 9
4. RESIDUOS MINEROS ......................................................... 15
5. RESIDUOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN Y DEMOLICIÓN ....................... 16
6. GESTIÓN DE OTROS RESIDUOS ........................................... 17
6.1. GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS ASIMILABLES A URBANOS ............. 17
6.2. GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS PELIGROSOS ............................. 18
6.3. GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS INERTES .................................. 20
6.4. RECOMENDACIONES EN MATERIA DE GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS .. 21
7. MEDIDAS PREVENTIVAS Y CORRECTORAS RECOMENDADAS PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN Y GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS .......................... 24
7.1. MEDIDAS GENERALES ............................................... 24
7.2. FASE DE EJECUCIÓN DE LA EXPLOTACIÓN ....................... 24
7.3. GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS ............................................. 25
7.4. MANTENIMIENTO ..................................................... 26
7.5. INFORMACIÓN-FORMACIÓN A LOS TRABAJADORES ................ 27
1. INTRODUCCIÓN
Los problemas relacionados con la gestión de residuos ocupan un lugar destacado en la actividad ambiental de la Unión Europea. El V Programa de actuación de la Unión Europea en materia de medio ambiente, aprobado en 1993, considera que los residuos no son sólo un foco potencial de contaminación, sino que, bien gestionados, pueden llegar a ser una importante fuente de materias primas secundarias. Señala también que, para la gestión de residuos, se pueden aplicar instrumentos económicos y fiscales, llevando a la práctica el principio de “quien contamina paga”, estableciendo, además, el objetivo de detener e invertir la tendencia actual de generar cada vez más residuos. En la jerarquía de opciones de gestión, se plantean las siguientes:
- Tomar medidas que tiendan a evitar que se generen residuos (minimización).
- Fomentar la valorización y reutilización de los residuos.
- Optimizar los métodos de eliminación definitiva de los residuos no reutilizados o valorizados.
En cuanto a normativa, se estará a lo dispuesto en el Real Decreto 975/2009, de 12 de Junio, sobre gestión de los residuos de las industrias extractivas y de protección y rehabilitación del espacio afectado por actividades mineras.
Asimismo, tal y como se indica en el apartado 3 del Real Decreto 777/2012 (que modifica el Real Decreto 975/2009, de 12 de Junio), “En aquello no regulado en la presente disposición en relación a los residuos mineros será de aplicación la Ley 22/2011, de 28 de julio, de residuos y suelos contaminados”.
La gestión de residuos mineros no incluye aquellos que no resultan directamente de la investigación y aprovechamiento, aunque se generen en el desarrollo de estas actividades, como son los residuos alimentarios, los
aceites usados, las pilas, los vehículos al final de su vida útil y otros análogos, que se regirán por la Ley 22/2011, de 28 de julio, de residuos y suelos contaminados, y sus disposiciones de desarrollo.
Por otra parte, hay que considerar el Real Decreto 105/2008, de 1 de febrero, por el que se regula la producción y gestión de los residuos de construcción y demolición, y la Orden 2726/2009, de 16 de julio, por la que se regula la gestión de los residuos de construcción y demolición en la Comunidad de Madrid, legislación de aplicación directa en materia de residuos.
2. OBJETO DEL PLAN
El objetivo del presente plan es dar cumplimiento al artículo 3.4 del Real Decreto 975/2009, de 12 de Junio, sobre gestión de los residuos de las industrias extractivas y de protección y rehabilitación del espacio afectado por actividades mineras, en el que se indica que la parte IV del Plan de restauración debe contener un “Plan de gestión de residuos”.
De acuerdo con el artículo 17 del Real Decreto 975/2009, los objetivos del Plan de gestión de residuos mineros serán:
a) Prevenir o reducir la producción de residuos mineros y su nocividad, en particular teniendo en cuenta los siguientes elementos:
1.º La gestión de los residuos en la fase de proyecto y la elección del método de explotación y de preparación, concentración o beneficio del recurso mineral.
2.º Las transformaciones que puedan experimentar los residuos mineros por el aumento de la superficie y la exposición a la intemperie.
3.º El relleno con residuos mineros del hueco de explotación, en la medida en que ello sea técnica y económicamente viable en la práctica y respetuoso con el medio ambiente de conformidad con las normas vigentes en la materia y con los requisitos del presente real decreto, cuando proceda.
4.º Tras su finalización, el recubrimiento del terreno afectado por la investigación y aprovechamiento con la tierra vegetal original que previamente se habrá depositado en su propia instalación de residuos, tras su cierre, cuando esto sea viable en la práctica. Si no es así, se procurará la utilización de esta tierra vegetal en otro sitio.
5.º El uso de sustancias menos peligrosas para la preparación, concentración o beneficio de los recursos minerales.
b) Fomentar la recuperación de los residuos mineros mediante su reciclado, reutilización o valorización cuando ello sea respetuoso con el medio
ambiente de conformidad con la legislación vigente y con lo dispuesto en el presente real decreto, cuando proceda.
c) Garantizar la eliminación segura a corto y largo plazo de los residuos mineros. El cumplimiento de este objetivo deberá tenerse en cuenta en la planificación y el desarrollo de las fases de explotación u operación de la instalación de residuos, cierre y clausura, y mantenimiento y control posterior a la clausura. A tales efectos, se deberá elegir un diseño que:
1.º Exija un mínimo o, si es posible, ningún mantenimiento y control posterior a la clausura de la instalación de residuos mineros.
2.º Prevenga o al menos minimice todo efecto negativo a largo plazo atribuible, por ejemplo, al desplazamiento por el aire o el agua de sustancias contaminantes precedentes de la instalación de residuos mineros.
3.º Garantice la estabilidad geotécnica a largo plazo de la instalación de residuos mineros.
3. CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA EXPLOTACIÓN MINERA
La Concesión de Explotación “Torres de la Alameda”, fue otorgada el día 7 de abril de 1983 y ha venido siendo explotada y restaurada desde su otorgamiento.
La superficie total explotada asciende a 15 ha, de las que aproximadamente las 3 ha situadas al Sur ya han sido restauradas.
3.1. PLAN DE EXPLOTACIÓN
3.1.1. Grupo Minero “Torres de la Alameda”
En 1990 se crea el Grupo Minero TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA 2745, con las concesiones TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA 2745 y LOECHES VALDERRIVAS 2746. En 1992 se autoriza la inclusión dentro del grupo de la concesión CARRETERA DE VALENCIA 2810.
Existe un plan integrado dentro del conjunto del Grupo Minero Torres de la Alameda, lo que implica que el conjunto de las tres concesiones tendrá en el siguiente periodo de 30 años una actividad extractiva y de restauración planificada y coordinada en su conjunto.
La demanda necesaria de arcilla para la fábrica se ha considerado que sería de 100.000 toneladas año tomando los datos de los últimos años. Con esta cantidad a suministrar y con las tres concesiones que forman el Grupo Minero Torres de la Alameda se plantea satisfacer esta demanda de la siguiente manera:
- Durante los 30 años de prorroga “Carretera de Valencia” estaría activa en la extracción y en la restauración con una producción de 40.000 toneladas/año. Esta concesión ya está en proceso de su prorroga con la producción mencionada.
- Para las otras dos concesiones sí que se plantea una actividad más coordinada entre las dos mediante la actividad extractiva en los primeros 20 años de la prorroga en “Torres de la Alameda” y de los últimos 10 años para “Loeches Valderrivas”. Cada año el volumen de
material extraído será el mismo, 60.000 tn/año, tanto en una concesión como en otra, pero en ningún caso estarán las dos concesiones trabajando a la vez.
- Como la cantidad total de arcilla a extraer prevista cada año es de 100.000 toneladas y “Carretera de Valencia” traería a la fábrica 40.000 tn, las 60.000 tn restantes serán suministradas bien por “Torres de la Alameda, bien por “Loeches Valderrivas”. Por tanto, el volumen total a extraer desde la cantera de Torres de la Alameda serán 1.200.000 tn.
Para la restauración “Carretera de Valencia” se tiene un plan coordinado con la extracción, según el cual, durante el proceso de explotación también se restaura de tal modo que al finalizar las labores en el último año todo quedaría restaurado. Para las concesiones de “Torres de la Alameda” y “Loeches Valderrivas” el proceso sería también de coordinación con el de restauración con lo que al finalizar las labores de la prorroga de 30 años, también quedaría todo restaurado.
3.1.2. Características generales
La Concesión de Explotación “Torres de la Alameda Nº 2745” tiene una superficie de 12 cuadrículas mineras, con unas reservas medidas estudiadas que ascienden a la cantidad de 3.000.000 t de mineral.
Las características del yacimiento, en cuanto a las reservas seguras se refiere, son las siguientes:
- Superficie total de la concesión 360 ha
- Superficie a explotar en esta prórroga 12 ha
- Superficie restaurada (2011) 3 ha
- Potencia del mineral hasta 50 m
- Altura media del banco 2 m
- Densidad del mineral 1,8 tn/m³
- Producción estimada 60.000 t/año
- Volumen total a extraer 1.200.000 tn
Para el presente proyecto prórroga se ha seleccionado un área que CEMENTOS PORTLAND VALDERRIVAS, S.A. tiene en propiedad en la concesión, aproximadamente 12 ha, las cuales ya han sido alteradas desde el inicio de las labores y que en la actualidad siguen abiertas porque el antiguo sistema de explotación, al ser por niveles y bajando cotas hasta fin de labores permanecía abierto para finalizar con las labores de restauración.
Las distancias de la zona seleccionada para el proyecto prórroga al núcleo urbano más cercano, que es Torres de la Alameda, en línea recta es de algo más de 800 m.
Para acceder a la zona objeto del proyecto prorroga se llega por la carretera M-311 desde fábrica “El Alto” hasta el nudo de carreteras del Puente de Arganda; desde este punto se utiliza la M-300 con dirección a Alcalá de Henares hasta llegar al km con desvío a la M-225 con sentido a Valverde y pasando el núcleo urbano de Torres de la Alameda se llega en el primer kilómetro al acceso que lleva a la explotación con 1.000 metros del camino llamado “Camino del Portillo”.
El método de extracción se modifica con respecto a lo que se ha venido haciendo hasta ahora, ya que es por banqueo y con maquinaria de arranque también diferente.
3.1.3. Método de explotación
El método de arranque se realizará por banqueo con altura de bancos de 2 metros utilizando para ello una máquina retroexcavadora. La máquina se posicionará sobre el banco superior para realizar el arranque directo de la arcilla y en la misma posición realizará la carga sobre el camión de transporte a fábrica.
El procedimiento de carga se realizará también con la máquina retroexcavadora que desde su posición en el banco de arranque puede realizar la carga sobre camiones con destino a fábrica.
Se realizará la reconstrucción de taludes de las lindes de las parcelas 283 y 1283 con la 282. Consiste en rellenar con material procedente de estas mismas fincas (283 y 1283 y con superficies alteradas) que es no valido para su envío a fábrica (al tratarse de conglomerados de guijarros). Véase siguiente figura.
Lo proyectado para las fincas 1283 y 283 habrá que hacerlo también en el corte que existe lindando con el camino (camino del Portillo) paralelo a la explotación de 300 metros de corte.
Otras labores auxiliares son las de acondicionamiento de los caminos del transporte interior: el material a cargar a fábrica se encuentra en el corte, por tanto los camiones de transporte externo precisarán vías de acceso en perfecto estado.
Como se verá a continuación las labores de restauración se realizarán simultáneamente a la explotación en las superficies ya explotadas partiendo de la zona sur a un ritmo de 0,5 ha al año.
### 3.1.4. Fases de explotación
Se trata de explotar la superficie alterada desde la fecha de inicio de prorroga (12 ha) ya que de las 15 hectáreas iniciales, tres hectáreas quedan restauradas en 2011. Durante esta labor de extracción se van acondicionado
los taludes finales de los lindes con parcelas no explotables. Después de finalizada la extracción de este sector se procede a su restauración.
Esta fase consta de 3 etapas.
Los pasos en que consiste este método de explotación en el inicio de las labores son los siguientes desde la cota 690:
Partimos de la situación actual en la zona alterada. El perfil cubre desde la cota 687 (la más alta de la zona es 690) que es la linde entre la parcela 1283 propiedad de CPV y la parcela 282 que no es propiedad de CPV. El perfil termina en la cota más baja, que es la 650 y da salida al camino llamado de la Ballesta que bordea las fincas 284, 285, 286 y 288 por el Oeste. La idea es la de aprovechar al máximo el material válido para la producción de clinker en fábrica.
De los estudios realizados se deduce que el material se encuentra indefinidamente lo que permite que se pueda extraer hasta 12 metros de profundidad y así llegar hasta la tongada que da salida a las aguas con caída natural por una pendiente del 1,7%.
También se irán modelando los taludes finales según se va descendiendo. Incluso antes de empezar a extraer se tendrán que reconstruir los taludes de los cortados donde se está lindando con fincas o caminos que no serán explotados. Para ello se tendrá que rellenar con material de otras zonas de materiales no válidos, como hay en algunos depósitos las de las fincas 1283 y 283 que tienen en sus capas superiores material mezclado con guijarros y por tanto sería útil para relleno.
A continuación, describimos mediante dibujos las labores de la explotación en los frentes:
1ª Etapa
Extracción de arcilla con los bancos actuales se procede a extraer la arcilla mediante bancos de 2 metros de alto y arranque mecánico con retroexcavadora que se sitúa en el piso del banco superior para realizar la
maniobra de arranque directo y la de carga sobre camión para su transporte directo a fábrica (véase siguiente figura). El piso que se deja de cada capa debe de mantener la pendiente de 1,7%, en sentido longitudinal para la salida de aguas. Por cada capa extraída se debe acondicionar el tramo descendente del talud que se va conformando en la linde con el corte de los taludes.
El volumen a extraer por cada banco va variando, ya que el talud que rodea la explotación va reduciendo la superficie a explotar. Se empieza la extracción desde la cota inferior que es de 665 y en un avance casi horizontal (dejando la pendiente del 1,7%) se realizarán bancos de 2 metros de alto hasta la cota 676 en total 6 bancos (ver condición 2.1 de la declaración de impacto ambiental).
**2ª Etapa**
**Extendido de tierra vegetal procedente de caballones y siembra**
Como se planteó esta alternativa del proyecto las labores de restauración se realizarán simultáneamente a la explotación en las superficies ya explotadas partiendo de la zona sur a un ritmo de 0,5 ha al año. Al cabo de 20 años el proceso de explotación previsto estaría terminado y faltaría restaurar 2 hectáreas que se realizaría al siguiente año con lo que finalizaría la restauración completa de la explotación y quedará la superficie final de la
plaza cantera con una pendiente longitudinal del 1,7% que tendrá todo a su alrededor los taludes conformados y con pendientes del 1V:3H.
El proceso de restauración consiste en el extendido de las tierras vegetales y su posterior siembra (Figura 3).
**3ª Etapa**
*Retirada de material arcilloso con guijarros de las fincas 1283 y 283 para relleno en taludes finales* (figura 4). Se trata de terraplenar taludes en los cortes actuales que son colindantes con fincas que no son de CPV, como es el caso de los de las fincas 1283 y 283 que lindan con la 282 y cortes que son próximos a caminos, como es el caso del corte paralelo al camino del Portillo, y que para seguir explotando en cotas inferiores es necesario rellenar y dar forma a dichos taludes.
El proceso empezaría por retirar la capa superior, de unos 4 metros de grosor, de las fincas 1283 y 283 de material no válido para su envío a fábrica. El material sería directamente cargado sobre camión y enviado a los taludes para su extendido y conformación por relleno.
El material utilizado como relleno se trata de depósitos de arcillas mezcladas con guijarros que al no poder ser utilizadas como producto para su envío a fábrica lo usaremos como relleno de los taludes. El material se encuentra localizado en una zona compartida por las parcelas 1283 y 283, donde la
extracción se detuvo por la mala calidad del material. Para su retirada, se arranca directamente el material de relleno por medios mecánicos similares a los de la extracción de la arcilla. El volumen total necesario para el relleno de los taludes es de 30.000 m³. Esto implica la extracción de 0,7 ha de esta finca ya alterada y con 4 metros de grosor.
El método de arranque de este material será igual que el de explotación, una retroexcavadora que directamente arranca y carga sobre camión volquete para su transporte interno hasta los lugares de relleno.
Después el material es depositado en los cortes para su relleno.
**Figura 4. Formación de taludes en linde fincas 283 y 1283 de CPV con la 282, y en el caso del corte que hay paralelo con el Camino del Portillo**
Para conformar los taludes del camino del Portillo, se basculará material con camiones desde la parte superior hasta tener suficiente material para poder formar un talud con pendiente 1:3 (Figura 4). El material se empujará con buldozer y para dar la pendiente final correcta se usará una motoniveladora de tal modo que la superficie quede apta para su siembra (Figura 5).
Figura 5. Extendido y conformación de los taludes con buldozer
4. RESIDUOS MINEROS
De acuerdo con el Real Decreto 975/2009, se entiende por Residuos mineros: aquellos residuos sólidos o aquellos lodos que quedan tras la investigación y aprovechamiento de un recurso geológico, tales como son los estériles de mina, gangas del todo uno, rechazos, subproductos abandonados y las colas de proceso e incluso la tierra vegetal y cobertera en determinadas condiciones, siempre que constituyan residuos tal y como se definen en la Ley 22/2011, de 28 de julio, de residuos y suelos contaminados.
Tal y como se recomienda en el artículo 17 del Real Decreto 975/2009, se rellenarán los taludes finales con materiales propios de la misma explotación (ver apartado 3.1.4 de este Plan de gestión).
Asimismo, se recubrirá el terreno afectado por el aprovechamiento con la tierra vegetal original depositada en caballones en el perímetro de la explotación.
No se producirán otros residuos mineros ni existen instalaciones de tratamiento de residuos mineros.
5. RESIDUOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN Y DEMOLICIÓN
No existen residuos de esta naturaleza.
6. GESTIÓN DE OTROS RESIDUOS
La mayor parte de los residuos que se relacionan a continuación se producirán en muy pequeña cantidad o incluso no llegarán a estar presentes en la explotación. No obstante, se establecen criterios de gestión por si en un momento dado pudieran estar presentes.
6.1. GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS ASIMILABLES A URBANOS
En general, un residuo debe considerarse como asimilable a urbano si posee características similares a las de los residuos urbanos.
La entrega y posterior gestión de los residuos asimilables a urbanos generados se rige por una serie de normas y obligaciones recogidas por la legislación en vigor.
A continuación, se dan una serie de normas de carácter general y para distintos tipos de residuos asimilables a urbanos que puedan producirse durante la explotación minera.
**Materia orgánica**: Restos de comida, vegetales y materiales biodegradables.
**Gestión**: En función del volumen que se genere existen dos opciones: si es poca la cantidad, como es de prever, y no son restos vegetales, deben depositarse en el contenedor de restos, si es mucha cantidad deben depositarse en un contenedor específico y ser entregados a un recuperador autorizado.
**Papel y cartón**: Este tipo de residuo incluye una gran variedad de clases como cajas, embalajes, etc.
**Gestión**: Se deben entregar a un recuperador.
**Vidrio**: Restos de envases.
**Gestión**: Los envases reutilizables deben ser almacenados hasta que la empresa distribuidora los retire, y los que no son reutilizables deben ser entregados a un recuperador o depositados en los contenedores.
correspondientes. Las empresas que generen otros residuos diferentes de vidrio deberán entregarlos a un recuperador.
**Envases (plásticos, metales):** El sistema de gestión para todos los envases de plásticos, briks y metales es el mismo, excepto para algunos industriales y para aquellos que hayan contenido sustancias peligrosas.
**Gestión:** Deben entregarse a un recuperador o gestor debidamente autorizado.
**Madera:** Provienen fundamentalmente de cajas de embalaje y palets usados en el transporte de mercancías.
**Gestión:** Se deben entregar a un recuperador. Si están en buen estado pueden reutilizarse, donarse o ponerse en el mercado de segunda mano. Asimismo, deben informarse si los servicios municipales cuentan con este servicio de recogida.
### 6.2. GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS PELIGROSOS
En general, un residuo debe considerarse como peligroso si se reconoce en él un carácter de peligrosidad o de nocividad que implique un riesgo sobre las personas o el medio ambiente. Como tales se definen:
- Aquellos que figuren en la lista de residuos peligrosos aprobada en la legislación estatal.
- Los que, sin estar incluidos en la lista citada, tengan tal consideración de conformidad con lo establecido en la normativa estatal.
- Los que hayan sido clasificados como peligrosos por la normativa comunitaria y los que pueda aprobar el Gobierno de conformidad con lo establecido en la normativa europea o en convenios internacionales de los que España sea parte.
- Los recipientes y envases contaminados que hayan contenido residuos o sustancias peligrosas.
La entrega y posterior gestión de los residuos peligrosos generados se rige por una serie de normas y obligaciones recogidas por la legislación en vigor.
A continuación, se dan una serie de normas de carácter general para los distintos tipos de residuos peligrosos que puedan generarse.
**Aceites minerales:** Los motores de automoción o de combustión, así como la mayoría de la maquinaria necesitan aceites minerales para funcionar. Estos aceites deben ser cambiados periódicamente y generan un residuo que está catalogado en la legislación como peligroso. Los trapos usados para su manipulación y manchados con ellos en trabajos de mantenimiento y limpieza, así como los envases que los contienen, también son considerados como residuos peligrosos.
**Gestión:** Se generan aceites usados de vehículos, de motores de combustión y de maquinaria diversa. Todos, sea cual sea su procedencia, deben ser almacenados sin mezclar con otras sustancias en recipientes etiquetados y que no tengan pérdidas, y deben ser entregados a un gestor autorizado de residuos peligrosos.
**Productos químicos:** Como pinturas, tintas, líquidos de limpieza, desinfectantes, etc. Los trapos usados en su manipulación y los envases que los hayan contenido también son considerados residuos peligrosos.
**Gestión:** El primer paso que debe dar la empresa es si el residuo producido es peligroso o no. Para ello deberá contrastar la legislación existente o realizar una caracterización del residuo, que determinará en qué categoría queda incluido. Si resulta peligroso, deberá gestionarlo adecuadamente por sí mismo o mediante un gestor autorizado de residuos peligrosos.
**Baterías:** Que se componen principalmente de plomo, ácido sulfúrico, pasta y polipropileno.
**Gestión:** Deben separarse, almacenarse adecuadamente y ser entregadas a un gestor autorizado para su correcto tratamiento.
Pilas y acumuladores: Existen en el mercado una gran variedad de pilas y acumuladores que contienen metales pesados, como mercurio, plomo, cadmio, níquel, entre otros.
Gestión: Para su correcta gestión deben ser separadas y almacenadas adecuadamente. Posteriormente deberán ser entregadas a un gestor autorizado para su tratamiento.
Equipos eléctricos y electrónicos: La problemática de estos residuos, de reciente aparición, se debe a que son de uso muy común en cualquier oficina de empresa o fábrica. Aquí se tendrán en cuenta sobre todo los de línea gris: equipos informáticos, teléfonos, ordenadores, etc.
Gestión: Deben almacenarse adecuadamente y aislados del resto de residuos hasta que sean entregados a un recuperador o gestor autorizado.
6.3. GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS INERTES
Son aquellos residuos no peligrosos que no experimentan transformaciones físicas, químicas o biológicas significativas. Los residuos inertes no son solubles ni combustibles, ni reaccionan física ni químicamente ni de ninguna otra manera, ni son biodegradables, ni afectan negativamente a otras materias con las cuales entran en contacto de forma que puedan dar lugar a contaminación del medio ambiente o perjudicar la salud humana.
La entrega y posterior gestión de los residuos inertes generados se rige por una serie de normas y obligaciones recogidas por la legislación en vigor.
A continuación, se dan una serie de normas de carácter general y para distintos tipos de residuos asimilables a urbanos.
Residuos inertes: Dentro de los residuos inertes se incluyen diferentes materiales como restos de mineral, ladrillos, cal, yesos, tejas, materiales cerámicos, hormigones, cementos, aislamientos, etc.
Gestión: Se generarán fundamentalmente durante la demolición las casetas de los trabajadores, infraestructuras, etc. Se deben entregar a gestores y recuperadores de los mismos.
6.4. RECOMENDACIONES EN MATERIA DE GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS
A continuación, se dan una serie de recomendaciones de carácter general y para distintos tipos de residuos asimilables a urbanos.
Los residuos de la misma naturaleza o similares deben ser almacenados en los mismos contenedores, ya que de esta forma se aprovecha mejor el espacio y se facilita su posterior valorización.
Se debe prever y optimizar el almacenamiento de los residuos para facilitar su transporte.
Los contenedores y las zonas donde se almacenarán los residuos deben estar claramente designados. Si se identifican de forma equivocada, se puede originar un problema ambiental grave.
Se debe prever la utilización de medios auxiliares específicos para la gestión de los sobrantes, según el tipo de clasificación que determine el plan de residuos. Por ejemplo, si se separan los residuos asimilables a urbanos de los pétreos, es recomendable utilizar contenedores compactadores para los primeros, y una machacadora de obra o una planta recicladora para los segundos.
Los elementos de almacenamiento han de estar próximos a los accesos.
No se debe proceder a almacenamientos intermedios: cuantos menos movimientos se lleven a cabo desde el lugar en el que se originan los residuos hasta su deposición en el contenedor, mejor.
Las operaciones de transporte de residuos han de estar contempladas ya desde el propio proyecto, para que no interfieran y se complementen con las de ejecución de la obra y de derribo.
Deben separarse y guardarse en un contenedor seguro o en una zona reservada, que permanezca cerrada cuando no se utilice y debidamente protegida de la lluvia.
Se ha de impedir que un eventual vertido de estos materiales llegue al suelo, ya que de otro modo causaría su contaminación. Por lo tanto, será necesaria
una impermeabilización del mismo mediante la construcción de soleras de hormigón o zonas asfaltadas.
Los recipientes en los que se guarden deben estar etiquetados con claridad y cerrar perfectamente, para evitar derrames o pérdidas por evaporación.
Los recipientes en sí mismos también merecen un manejo y evacuación especiales: se deben proteger del calor excesivo o del fuego, ya que contienen productos fácilmente inflamables.
Es necesario describir en un formulario los residuos almacenados y su transporte, para así controlar su movimiento desde el lugar en que han sido generados hasta su destino final. Este formulario puede ser el albarán facilitado por los transportistas (el que certifica el vertedero o el gestor de residuos) o un documento específico realizado por la empresa constructora o de derribo donde figure el tipo de residuo, la cantidad y el destino final.
Se debe comprobar que los residuos han sido gestionados tal como se preveía en el Plan y que del proceso se han ocupado entidades autorizadas por las entidades competentes de cada comunidad autónoma, en este caso de la Comunidad de Madrid.
A continuación, se presenta un breve recorrido sobre estos materiales y sus alternativas de gestión.
| TIPO DE MATERIAL DE CONSTRUCCIÓN O DEMOLICIÓN | POSIBILIDADES DE GESTIÓN |
|-----------------------------------------------|--------------------------|
| TIERRA SUPERFICIAL Y DE EXCAVACIÓN | ▪ Reutilizar en restauración paisajística.
| | ▪ Reutilizar como relleno en la misma explotación. |
| ASFALTO | ▪ Reciclar como asfalto.
| | ▪ Reciclar como masa de relleno. |
| HORMIGÓN | ▪ Reciclar como grava en hormigones.
| | ▪ Reciclar como grava suelta en firmes de carreteras o para rellenar agujeros.
| | ▪ Reciclar como granulado drenante |
| **OBRA DE FÁBRICA Y PEQUEÑOS ELEMENTOS** | - Reutilizar los pequeños elementos (tejas, bloques, etc.).
- Reciclar como grava en subbases de firmes, rellenos, etc. |
|----------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| **METALES** | - Reutilizar.
- Reciclar en nuevos productos. |
| **MADERA DE CONSTRUCCIÓN** | - Reutilizar para andamios y vallados.
- Reciclar para tableros de aglomerados. |
| **EMBALAJES** | - Reutilizar los palletes como tarimas o tableros auxiliares.
- Reciclar en nuevos embalajes o productos. |
| **ACEITES, PINTURAS Y PRODUCTOS QUÍMICOS** | - Reutilizar en la propia obra hasta finalizar el contenido del recipiente. |
Es conveniente situar un punto limpio en el que se puedan almacenar residuos de todo tipo y realizar una correcta segregación de los mismos. A continuación, se exponen las condiciones que debe cumplir un punto limpio de residuos. Estas condiciones son las siguientes:
Debe aprovecharse al máximo el espacio dotado para su construcción. Tener un material impermeable en toda la superficie sobre la que se vayan a asentar contenedores, residuos y estar perfectamente señalizado.
El material impermeable minimiza el impacto de posibles derrames por causas accidentales, evitando que el residuo vaya al suelo y pueda contaminar suelo, aguas subterráneas, etc.
La señalización de los contenedores de cada uno de los residuos y las instrucciones de uso debe estar a la vista y ser suficientemente claras.
Deberían utilizarse dos tipos de señalización, horizontal y vertical. Dotación del suficiente número de contenedores para cumplir su función eficazmente.
7. MEDIDAS PREVENTIVAS Y CORRECTORAS RECOMENDADAS PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN Y GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS
7.1. MEDIDAS GENERALES
- Regar periódicamente las pistas.
- Retirar de las pistas el material formado por acumulación de polvo. Puede controlarse la emisión de polvo de estos materiales mediante la humidificación de los mismos.
- Instalar silenciadores en los escapes de los equipos móviles.
- Organizar y optimizar el movimiento y tráfico de maquinaria.
- Respetar en los drenajes el sistema anterior de las aguas de escorrentía.
- Crear sistemas de drenaje, generales para la recogida de las aguas externas a la zona.
- Gestionar a través de gestores autorizados los residuos peligrosos.
- Recuperar la capa vegetal rápidamente tras los movimientos finales de tierra en cada zona.
- Recubrir y recuperar las zonas sin suelo con una capa productiva.
7.2. FASE DE EJECUCIÓN DE LA EXPLOTACIÓN
- Comprobar que todos cuantos intervienen en la explotación (incluidas las subcontratas), conocen sus obligaciones en relación con los residuos y que cumplen las directrices del Plan de residuos.
- Establecer una zona protegida de acopio de materiales, a resguardo de acciones que puedan inutilizarlos.
- Si se clasifican los residuos, disponer de los contenedores más adecuados para cada tipo de material sobrante. Por lo demás la separación selectiva se debe efectuar en el momento en que se originan los residuos. El control de
estos residuos desde que se producen es la manera más eficaz de reducir la cantidad de éstos.
- Supervisar el movimiento de los residuos, de forma que no queden restos descontrolados.
- Vigilar que los residuos líquidos y orgánicos no se mezclen fácilmente con otros, y a consecuencia de ello resulten contaminados. Para conseguirlo, se deben depositar en los contenedores, sacos o depósitos adecuados. Los residuos se deben gestionar en recipientes preparados a tal efecto, de manera que permanezcan en su interior y sin peligro de que se mezclen unos con otros.
- Mantener el seguimiento previsto sobre los materiales potencialmente peligrosos, separándolos en el momento en que se generan y depositándolos, debidamente clasificados y protegidos, en emplazamientos específicos de la explotación hasta que un gestor autorizado complete su valorización.
- Los recipientes contenedores de residuos se deben transportar cubiertos.
- Impedir malas prácticas, que de forma indirecta originan residuos imprevistos y el derroche de materiales durante la puesta en obra.
7.3. GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS
- Una buena práctica medioambiental consiste en realizar en todas las etapas de los proyectos una correcta segregación de los residuos: papel y cartón, vidrio, restos metálicos no contaminados, envases y residuos de envases, palets y cajas de madera, plásticos y residuos peligrosos. Así se facilita su gestión, se reduce su coste de manejo y se pueden obtener beneficios (por ejemplo, de la venta de papel y cartón, si los segrega correctamente y no permite que se contaminen de sustancias empleadas en el proceso). Para realizar esta labor es imprescindible informar y dar formación a los trabajadores, para que puedan cooperar y llevarla a cabo con mayor efectividad.
Deben etiquetarse y almacenarse correctamente los residuos manejados y producidos en la explotación, y debe informarse de la importancia de esta acción al personal de la misma.
La gestión correcta de los residuos peligrosos es imprescindible. Debe informar y concienciar al personal implicado de los riesgos de contaminación de estos residuos.
Se puede contribuir a la reducción de residuos analizando la viabilidad del empleo de subproductos y la posibilidad de reprocesar los productos que no han alcanzado una calidad óptima.
Siempre que sea posible deben retornarse los envases de productos empleados al vendedor, así no los tendrá que gestionar el poseedor sino el proveedor.
Para cada proceso debe procurarse desarrollar manuales o guías de operación y utilización de materiales y equipos. Esto mejorará el comportamiento medioambiental, aumentando la eficacia y reduciendo los costes.
Debe mantenerse y actualizarse convenientemente un registro de datos sobre la generación de residuos, vertidos y emisiones de cada operación. De este modo se mejora la eficacia del comportamiento medioambiental.
Deben identificarse correctamente todos los envases, bidones, latas, etc., que estén a medio uso. Un recipiente sin identificar con el tiempo se convierte en un residuo que hay que gestionar.
Debe tenerse en cuenta la minimización de residuos, vertidos y emisiones en las diferentes operaciones que se realizan.
7.4. MANTENIMIENTO
Deben utilizarse hojas de instrucciones de los equipos y/o maquinaria y seguirlas convenientemente en cada caso.
Deben realizarse inspecciones rutinarias de mantenimiento.
Debe crearse un historial de los equipos y/o maquinaria.
Deben realizarse las operaciones de mantenimiento de maquinaria en los lugares adaptados para ello.
Deben sustituirse los productos de limpieza que contengan hidrocarburos aromáticos y clorados por otros con base de aceites vegetales.
Deben recogerse los aceites usados tras el mantenimiento de la maquinaria y gestionarlos a través de gestores autorizados. Debe impedirse el vertido al suelo de grasas y otros líquidos procedentes de las operaciones de mantenimiento de maquinaria.
Debe realizarse un seguimiento de la evolución del coste de mantenimiento para cada equipo, incluyendo los residuos y emisiones generados.
7.5. INFORMACIÓN-FORMACIÓN A LOS TRABAJADORES
Es fundamental la sensibilización y concienciación de los trabajadores fomentando su colaboración y responsabilidad en la conservación del medio ambiente.
Debe informarse al resto de los trabajadores de las prácticas ambientales que se pongan en marcha, a fin de que todos los implicados colaboren.
Deben aclararse todas las posibles dudas que surjan con respecto a la aplicación de estas nuevas prácticas.
Deben elaborarse y colocarse carteles explicativos de las nuevas medidas que se estén adoptando y de los resultados que se vayan consiguiendo, con el objetivo de que todos estén bien informados y motivados.
ANEXO III
CARTOGRAFÍA
Plano 1: Localización de las Concesiones del Grupo Minero Torres de la Alameda
Plano 2: Localización de la concesión Torres de la Alameda.
Plano 3: Accesos.
Plano 4: Superficie seleccionada para el proyecto de explotación (secuencias cada 5 años).
Plano 5: Secciones transversales.
Plano 6: Sección longitudinal.
Plano 7: Restauración al finalizar las labores.
Plano 8: Drenajes.
Plano 9. Banda de protección, zonas de acopio de tierra vegetal y viario interior.
Plano 10. Vegetación y usos del suelo.
ALCALÁ DE HENARES
MAPA TOPOGRÁFICO NACIONAL
1 : 50.000
TORRES de la ALAMEDA 2745
Término municipal de Villalbilla
Término municipal de Torres de la Alameda
LOCALIZACIÓN DE LA CONCESIÓN
TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA
ESCALA: 1 : 50.000
FÁBRICA:
SECCIÓN:
FECHA: ABRIL 2015
Nº SAP:
PROYECTO:
PLAN DE RESTAURACIÓN DEL ESPACIO NATURAL
PROVEEDOR:
PLANO ORIGINAL Nº
PLANO CPV Nº
Nº 2
HOJA Nº
Ladera del Espartal
La Veleta
Los Picaderos
Los Picaderos
Los Picaderos
Cerámica
La Ballestera
Camino de Portillo
Camino de la Balesta
M-220
K.20
K.7
M-225
Alameda
Arroyo
La Pontona
Las Cuevas
Debajo de las Cuevas
ACCESO CANTERA
TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA
ACCESOS
ESCALA: 1:6000
FABRICA:
SECCION:
FECHA: ABRIL 2015
PROYECTO: PLAN DE RESTAURACION DEL ESPACIO NATURAL
PLANO ORIGINAL Nº
PROPIEDAD:
PLANO LFN M
3
REVISION
Escala M
TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA
SUPERFICIE SELECCIONADA PARA EL PROYECTO DE EXPLOTACIÓN (SECUENCIAS CADA 5 AÑOS)
| Explotación | Años |
|-------------|------|
| Explotación 0 a 5 años | 0-5 |
| Explotación 5 a 10 años | 5-10 |
| Explotación 10 a 15 años | 10-15 |
| Explotación 15 a 20 años | 15-20 |
ESCALA: 1:5.000
FECHA: ABRIL 2015
PROYECTO: PLAN DE RESTAURACIÓN DEL ESPACIO NATURAL
Nº 4
| T-1 | T-2 | T-3 | T-4 | T-5 | T-6 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| Restauración de 0 a 5 años | Explotación 0 a 5 años |
| Restauración de 5 a 10 años | Explotación 5 a 10 años |
| Restauración de 10 a 15 años | Explotación 10 a 15 años |
| Restauración de 15 a 20 años | Explotación 15 a 20 años |
**TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA**
SECCIONES TRANSVERSALES
**PLAN DE RESTAURACIÓN DEL ESPACIO NATURAL**
**ESCALA:** 1:2,500
**FECHA:** ABRIL 2015
**PROYECTO:** PLAN DE RESTAURACIÓN DEL ESPACIO NATURAL
**PROFESOR:** N° 5
| Restauración | Explotación |
|--------------|-------------|
| 0 a 5 años | 0 a 5 años |
| 5 a 10 años | 5 a 10 años |
| 10 a 15 años | 10 a 15 años|
| 15 a 20 años | 15 a 20 años|
**TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA**
SECCIÓN LONGITUDINAL
**PLAN DE RESTAURACIÓN DEL ESPACIO NATURAL**
**ESCALA:** 1:2,500
**FECHA:** ABRIL 2015
**PROYECTO:** PLAN DE RESTAURACIÓN DEL ESPACIO NATURAL
**PROYECTOR:** N° 6
RESTAURADO 2011
ÁREAS EN RESTAURACIÓN PREVIA
FRANJA DE PROTECCIÓN
ZONA PROYECTADA PARA EXPLOTAR
TALUDES EN RESTAURACIÓN PREVIA
TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA
RESTAURACIÓN AL FINALIZAR LAS LABORES
ESCALA: 1:5000
FABRICA:
SECCIÓN:
FECHA: ABRIL 2015
PROYECTO: PLAN DE RESTAURACION DEL ESPACIO NATURAL
PLANO ORIGINAL Nº
PROVISOR:
PLANO CPE M
7
REVISION
ESCALA MT
BALSA DECANTACION
CANALES DE RECOGIDA DE AGUA
TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA
PLANO DE DRENAJE
ESCALA: 1:5.000
FECHA: ABRIL 2015
PROYECTO: PLAN DE RESTAURACIÓN DEL ESPACIO NATURAL
Nº 8
DEPENDENCIAS DE PERSONAL
CAMINO INTERIOR DE TRANSPORTE
FRANJA DE SEPARACIÓN CON CAMINOS Y LINDES
SITUACIÓN DE TIERRAS VEGETALES
TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA
BANDAS DE PROTECCIÓN, ZONAS DE ACOPIO DE TIERRA VEGETAL Y VIAARIO INTERIOR
ESCALA: 1:5000
FABRICA:
SECCIÓN:
FECHA: ABRIL 2015
PROYECTO: PLAN DE RESTAURACION DEL ESPACIO NATURAL
Nº CAP:
PROPIEDAD:
PLANO ORIGINAL Nº
9
PLANO CPM Nº
REVISION
FECHA PT
| ESCALA | 1:5000 |
|--------|--------|
| FABRICA | SECCIÓN |
| FECHA | ABRIL 2015 |
| Nº CAP | PROYECTO PLAN DE RESTAURACIÓN DEL ESPACIO NATURAL |
| PROPIEDAD | TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA VEGETACIÓN Y USOS DEL SUELO |
| PLANO CPM Nº | 10 |
| REVISIÓN | SIGLA PT |
LOCALIZACIÓN DE LAS CONCESIONES DEL GRUPO MINERO
TORRES DE LA ALAMEDA
ESCALA: 1:25000
FÁBRICA:
SECCIÓN:
PROYECTO: PLAN DE RESTAURACIÓN DEL ESPACIO NATURAL
FECHA: ABRIL 2015
Nº SAP:
PROVEEDOR:
PLANO ORIGINAL Nº:
PLANO CPV Nº: N° 1
REVISIÓN:
HOJA N°:
GRUPO FORESTAL PORTLAND VALDERRIVAS
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Software-Entwickler – Anwendungen in Java (m/w)
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|
finepdfs
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| 2,888
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ethecon Stiftung Ethik & Ökonomie
Fundación Ética & Economía Foundation Ethics & Economy ethecon Handout
Übergabe des Internationalen ethecon Black Planet Award 2018
Preisträger
Herbert Diess und Hans Dieter Pötsch (Vorstände)
Wolfgang Porsche und Stephan Weil (Großaktionäre)
VOLKSWAGEN
weltgrößter Automobil-Konzern
Aktionsbericht
Zum Titelbild
Vor den Türen der Hauptversammlung des weltgrößten Automobil-Konzerns VOLKSWAGEN am 14.05.2019 in Berlin errichtete ethecon Stiftung Ethik & Ökonomie eine Riesen-Version der Trophäe des Internationalen ethecon Black Planet Award 2018. Die Groß-Version entstand in Zusammenarbeit mit Klaus Klinger vom in Düsseldorf.
ethecon tritt ein für soziale Gerechtigkeit, Frieden und Umweltschutz.
ethecon arbeitet international und baut auf gleichberechtigte und solidarische Zusammenarbeit.
verantwortlicher Vorstand Axel Köhler-Schnura Schweidnitzer Str. 41 40231 Düsseldorf ethecon ist parteipolitisch und konfessionell unabhängig.
ethecon ist eine Stiftung von unten und arbeitet weitgehend ehrenamtlich.
ethecon sieht den Schlüssel zur Lösung der ökologischen und sozialen Probleme im Wandel weg vom Profitprinzip hin zu Solidarität, Gleichberechtigung und internationaler Völkerfreundschaft.
Zustiftungen, Fördermitgliedschaften und Spenden sind willkommen.
Fon 0211 - 26 11 210
Fax 0211 - 26 11 220
eMail email@example.com
Internet www.ethecon.org
facebook ethecon
youtube etheconStiftung
twitter ethecon
Fotos:
Roman Achmatow und Umbruch
Spendenkonto EthikBank/Deutschland IBAN DE58 8309 4495 0003 0455 36 BIC GENO DEF1 ETK
ethecon ist Mitglied im
ethecon ist Mitglied des Verbundes alternativer und fortschrittlich politisch bewegter Stiftungen
Stand: Juni 2019
Gedruckt auf 100% Recyclingpapier
Das Problem ist nicht das gesellschaftliche Symptom.
Das Problem ist das ökonomische System.
Für eine Welt ohne Ausbeutung und ohne Unterdrückung.
"
ethecon Stiftung Ethik & Ökonomie Fundación Ética & Economía Foundation Ethics & Economy www.ethecon.org"
.
Save the Date.
.23. November 2019 / 14 Uhr.
15 Jahre ethecon Verleihung der Internationalen ethecon Awards 2019
Kulturbrauerei Berlin, Schönhauser Allee 36
Stifter*innen-Treffen, 22.11.2019, 20 Uhr / Kulturbrauerei Berlin
Hans Dieter Pötsch / Aufsichtsrat
Herbert Diess / Vorstand
Wolfgang Porsche / Großaktionär
Stephan Weil /Großaktionär
Die geschmähten Preisträger des Internationalen ethecon Black Planet Award 2018
Zwei internationale ethecon Preise
Seit dem Jahr 2006 verleiht ethecon - Stiftung Ethik & Ökonomie jährlich zwei internationale Preise den Internationalen ethecon Blue Planet Award und den Internationalen ethecon Black Planet Award.
Mit dem Internationalen ethecon Blue Planet Award werden Menschen geehrt, die sich im Spannungsfeld Ethik und Ökonomie herausragend für den Schutz der Ethik sowie für den Erhalt und die Rettung unseres Blauen Planeten einsetzen.
Mit dem Internationalen ethecon Black Planet Award werden Personen geschmäht, die in schockierender Weise menschliche Ethik im Spannungsfeld Ethik und Ökonomie mit Füßen treten und derart den Ruin und die Zerstörung unseres Blauen Planeten betreiben hin zu einem Schwarzen Planeten.
Der Internationale ethecon Blue Planet Award und der Internationale ethecon Black Planet Award sind eine Einheit, zwei Seiten der gleichen Medaille. Beide zusammen spiegeln den Zustand unseres unbelebte Welt gemeint ist.
Die beiden ethecon Preise sensibilisieren die Öffentlichkeit und machen aufmerksam. Ssie decken Zusammenhänge auf und nennen Verantwortliche beim Namen. Sie mobilisieren für den Einsatz für Frieden, Gerechtigkeit und Umweltschutz und motivieren für den Widerstand gegen Kriegstreiberei, Ausbeutung und Umweltzerstörung.
Jeweils im Februar des Jahres wird international dazu aufgerufen, Nominierungen für den Internationalen ethecon Blue Planet Award und den Internationalen ethecon Black Planet Award einzureichen. In einem gründlichen Auswahlverfahren werden bis August des Jahres die PreisträgerInnen von der Stiftung bestimmt.
Preisträger nehmen Untergang des Planeten in Kauf
Im November 2018 ging der Internationale Black Planet Award an die Verantwortlichen des weltgrößten Automobil-Konzerns VOLKSWAGEN. ethecon Stiftung Ethik & Ökonomie stellte in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Dachverband der Kritischen Aktionär*innen in einer großen öffentlichen Veranstaltung in Berlin mit dem Internationalen ethecon Black Planet Award 2018 die Vorstände Herbert Diess und Hans Dieter Pötsch sowie die Großaktionäre Wolfgang Porsche und Stephan Weil an den Pranger.
In der Begründung zur Verleihung des Preises an die genannten Personen hei der Vorstände Herbert Diess und Hans Dieter Pötsch sowie der Großaktionäre Wolfgang Porsche und Stephan Weil des weltgrößten Automobil-Konzerns VOLKSWAGEN gehen der Ruin der menschlichen Gesundheit und die Zerstörung der Umwelt im großen Stil, ja selbst der Tod vieler Menschen. Sie stellen nicht nur eine Gefahr für den Frieden und die Menschenrechte dar, sondern auch für die Demokratie, die Ökologie und die Menschheit insgesamt. Sie handeln zum Vorteil persönlicher Macht und privater
Bereicherung. Dafür treten sie Moral und Ethik mit Füßen und nehmen den Untergang der Erde als
Dabei geht es nicht nur um den kriminellen Einsatz von Betrugssoftware, die Sabotage des Klimaschutzes und diverse Betrugsskandale, sondern auch um die Produktion von Kriegsgerät in der Tocherfirma MAN, die Kollaboration mit Faschisten in Brasilien und viele andere konkrete Verbrechen an Mensch und Umwelt.
ethecon hatte die geschmähten Manager und Großaktionäre nicht zur Preisverleihung eingeladen. Der Schmähpreis der Stiftung wird grundsätzlich nicht im Saal vor geladenen Gästen übergeben, sondern stets im Rahmen großer öffentlicher Protestaktionen. Die Übergabe der Black Planet Trophäe soll sich einbetten in laufende Kampagnen und Aktionen gegen die Machenschaften der jeweiligen Preisträger*innen und deren Wirkung unterstützen und verstärken.
Heißes Klima
Eine geeignete Möglichkeit für die Übergabe des Internationalen ethecon Black Planet Award an die Vorstände Herbert Diess und Hans Dieter Pötsch sowie die Großaktionäre Wolfgang Porsche und Stephan Weil des Automobil-Konzerns VOLKSWAGEN bot sich mit der Hauptversammlung des VW-Konzerns am 14. Mai 2019. Nicht nur würden dort die genannten Preisträger*innen allesamt persönlich anwesend sein, die Veranstaltung würde im breiten Interesse einer vieltausendköpfigen Aktionärsschaft sowie der
allgemeinen Öffentlichkeit und der Medien stehen. Die Preisträger sahen sich im Vorfeld ihrer KonzernHauptversammlung mit der monatelangen Diskussion um staatsanwaltliche Untersuchungen, Verhaftung von Managern, Dieselbetrug, Enteignung Tausender Kunden, fortgesetzte Schmiergeldzahlungen, Ruin des Klimas und vielem anderen konfrontiert.
Die öffentliche Stimmung, national wie international, spitzte sich seit Jahresbeginn 2019 rasant zu: Freitag für Freitag streikten Abertausende Schüler*innen in aller Welt für die Rettung ihrer Zukunft vor der nahenden profitverursachten Klima-Katastrophe. Adressat*innen ihrer Proteste waren neben den politisch Verantwortlichen die Verantwortlichen in den Konzernen, die Hauptverursacher der Emissionen sind. Dabei geriet auch die in der Bundesrepublik mafiös herrschende Automobilindustrie in den Fokus.
Da passte ethecons Schmähung der Marktführer bei VOLKSWAGEN wunderbar und brachte den sprichwörtlichen Funken in die ausgetrocknete Steppe. Im Bündnis mit Schüler*innen der Fridays for Future Bewegung sowie Aktivist*innen der Klimagruppen Gegenstrom, Robin Wood, Extinction Rebellion und Ende Gelände organisierten ethecon und der Daverband der Kritischen Aktionär*innen die Aktionen zur Übergabe in Hannover. Auch VW-Beschäftigte, ehemalige Betriebsräte und Kleinanleger*innen schlossen sich unserem Aufruf an.
Auch reiste der Preisträger des Internationalen ethecon Blue Planet Award 2016 Huberto Juárez Núñez an, der als Ökonom viele Jahrzehnte die Belegschaften von VOLKSWAGEN in Mexiko unterstützte,
um mit uns den Schmähpreis zu überbringen und die Kampagne mit Diskussionsveranstaltungen zu begleiten.
Im Vorfeld der Hauptversammlung stieg die Nervosität bei den Preisträgern aus dem Konzern-Management und aus den Kreisen des hinter dem Konzern stehenden großen Kapitals spürbar. Verstärkt dadurch, dass es wenige Wochen zuvor bei einem der mächtigsten Chemie-Konzerne der Welt, bei BAYER, mit zivilgesellschaftlichen Protesten gelungen war, die Nicht-Entlastung des Vorstands durchzusetzen. Aus Angst vor ähnlichen Entwicklungen bei VOLKSWAGEN schoben die Black Planet Preisträger dem vor Gericht stehenden Audi-Manager Stadler kurzerhand alle Schuld zu und schlossen ihn von der Entlastung aus. Zugleich wurden die Zugangsberechtigungen zur VOLKSWAGEN-Hauptversammlung sehr restriktiv gehandhabt, um zivilgesellschaftlich engagierte Aktionär*innen auszugrenzen. Die Werkschutzkräfte wurden durch angeworbene Kräfte verstärkt und die Polizei versuchte mit rigiden Maßnahmen das Versammlungs- und Demonstrationsrecht zu beschneiden. In diesem heißen Klima starte Anfang Mai mit der Verbreitung von mehreren Zehntausend Flugblättern unsere Kampagne GEN
Rahmenprogramm
In der Woche vor der VW-Hauptversammlung fand in Düsseldorf eine Diskussionsveranstaltung mit Blue Planet Preisträger Huberto Juárez Núñez statt. Es ging um die globale Bedeutung von VOLKSWAGEN
- eine symbolische Sterbe-Aktion vor den Türen der Haupt-
versammlung der Aktionär*innen des VOLKSWAGEN-Konzerns.
Für alle gut sichtbar die Urkunde des
Schmähpreises mit Kurz-Begrüdung.
in Mexiko und die jüngsten Erfolge von Gewerkschaften und wilden Streiks. Er berichtete wie sich der Kampf für gerechte Arbeitsbedingungen in Mexiko in den letzten Jahren aus den integrierten Gewerkschaften gelöst und mit wilden Streiks für Aufsehen gesorgt hat. Die Automobilarbeiter*innen bilden nach seinen Worten in Mexiko mittlerweile die Speerspitze einer rebellischen Arbeiterschaft im ganzen Land.
Huberto betonte dabei immer wieder, dass er sich an der Seite aller VW-Belegschaften sieht, auch der in Deutschland. Entsprechend kündigte er an, als Botschafter der mexikanischen Automobil-Arbeiter*innen in Solidarität mit allen VW-Beschäftigten im Rahmen der Aktionen zur Übergabe des ethecon Black Planet Award insbesondere die von den geschmähten Preisträgern angekündigte Vernichtung von Zehntausenden von Arbeitsplätzen auf die Tagesordnung zu setzen.
Demonstration & Kundgebung
-Gelände. Noch sind die Türen der VOLKSWAGEN-Hauptversammlung verschlossen, doch einige Aktionär*innen warten bereits und staunen nicht schlecht, als die ersten Transparente entrollt werden. Ein drei Meter hoher Ballon zeigt die ölverschmierte Erdkugel: Diese Riesen-Version der Preistrophäe des Black Planet Award mahnt bedrohlich, welche verheerte Welt uns allen bevorsteht.
Mehr und mehr Demonstrant*innen finden sich auf dem abgelegenen Messegelände ein. Sprechchöre ertönen, Transparente und Flugblätter fordern die mittlerweile zu Tausenden anreisenden Aktionär*innen dazu auf, den Kurs von VOLKSWAGEN zu stoppen, auf eine nachhaltige Produktion umzurüsten, den Konzern unter demokratische Kontrolle zu stellen und die verbrecherische Konzern-Spitze zu enteignen. Das Transparent unserer Verleihungs-Urkunde benennt die Haupt-Schuldigen: Diess, Pötsch, Porsche und Weil. In der Hauptversammlung mögen sie ihre Show abziehen - draußen, auf der Straße, sind sie Geächtete.
Mit Blaulicht und Sirene kündigt sich eine Fahrrad-Demonstration an, die zur Kundgebung vor den HV-Toren stößt. Eine Die-In-Aktion Hunderter Teilnehmer*innen blockiert nicht nur den Autoverkehr, sondern findet Sympathien bei vorbeiströmenden Aktionär*innen.
Der Sicherheitsdienst und die Polizei sind extrem nervös. Ständig versuchen sie, die in der offiziellen Anmeldung der Aktionen genehmigten Rahmenbedingungen widerrechtlich einzuschränken und zu beschneiden. Besonders skandalös ist, dass bei der Sicherheitskontrolle am Einlass den Aktionär*innen das Flugblatt abgenommen wird, das sie vor den Türen erhalten haben.
In Redebeiträgen auf der Kundgebung werden derweil die Verbrechen angeprangert, für die die Preisträger des Internationalen ethecon Black Planet Award die Verantwortung tragen: Stephan Krull, ehemaliger Betriebsrat, hält dem Konzern die Kriegsproduktion durch MAN und RHEINMETALL vor. Mit Winfried Wolf spricht ein Verkehrsexperte, der die angekündigte Massenproduktion von Elektroautos als
Huberto Juárez Núñez aus Mexiko, der im Jahr 2012 mit dem Internationalen ethecon Blue Planet Award ausgezeichnet wurde, berichtet von den Kämpfen mexikanischer VW-Arbeiter*innen.
ethecon Quiz-Frage: Von wieviel Sicherheitskräften des VOLKSWAGEN- Konzerns ist der ethecon Geschäftsführer (Mitte) bei der Einlass-Kontrolle der VW-Hauptversammlung eingekreist. Auflösung: mindestens 12 (es sind nicht alle zu sehen, vor allem links und hinter dem Fotografen).
Klimazerstörerischen Schwindel entlarvt. Christian Russau vom Dachverband der Kritischen Aktionär*innen erhebt stellvertretend für die Überlebenden der brasilianischen Militärdiktatur Anklage gegen die Kollaborateure des VOLKSWAGEN-Managements mit den Faschisten. Der ethecon Blue Planet Award Preisträger Huberto überbringt die Grüße und Erfolgsbotschaften der mexikanischen Auto-Arbeiter und der Geschäftsführer von ethecon, Niklas Hoves, begründet die bevorstehende Übergabe des Black Planet Award an Diess, Pötsch, Porsche und Weil.
Die Überreichung der Trophäe
Bei der Einlasskontrolle wird offenbar, dass die Preisträger die ethecon Aktivist*innen bereits erwarten. die Preistrophäe sowie die dazugehörigen Dossiers, Flugblätter und Aufzeichnungen. Auch wird vielen befreundeten Aktiven ohne jede Begründung und trotz gültiger Eintrittskarten der Eintritt verwehrt. Durch beherzte Intervention und den Druck der Öffentlichkeit unterläßt die Security schließlich dieses Sabotage-Manöver.
Im Saal soll die Wortmeldung von ethecon obwohl sehr frühzeitig eingereicht erst gegen 18 Uhr aufgerufen werden. Die Versammlungsleitung hofft offenbar, dass das Gros der mehr als eintausend Aktionär*innen sich dann bereits auf den Heimweg gemacht haben würde und nur noch wenig Anwesende etwas von der Schmähung der Preisträger zu hören bekämen. Doch es nützt nichts. Ein Misstrauensantrag gegen den Versammlungsleiter Diess - einer der geschmähten Preisträger bietet die Gelegenheit,
trotz dieser ausgrenzenden Regie frühzeitig die Schmährede zu halten. Diess, Pötsch, Porsche und Weil staunen dabei nicht schlecht, als sie sich plötzlich mit ihrem Internationalen ethecon Black Planet Award 2018 vor allen Aktionär*innen und der anwesenden Medien-Öffentlichkeit konfrontiert sehen. Der Saalschutz kann sich nicht erklären woher die Trophäe kommt, die da gut sichtbar in die Luft gehalten wird? Sie hatten diese doch beim Einlass konfisziert. Der unmittelbar nach der Schmährede gehaltene Redebeitrag einer Demonstrantin von Fridays for Future schaffte es dann dem Foto- und Filmverbot zum Trotz bis in die Fernseh-Nachrichten.
den sich noch des Öfteren mit dem ihnen verliehenen etheocn Black Planet Award konfrontiert sehen.
ethecon Geschäftsführer Niklas Hoves und ethecon Aktivistin Anabel Schnura übergeben die Trophäe des Black Planet Awards an die geschmähten Preisträger im Rahmen der Haupt- versammlung des VOLKSWAGEN Konzerns
Danksagung
In gemeinsamer Aktion mit vielen anderen Kräften konnte ethecon erneut einige der zentral Verantwortlichen für Zerstörung und Ruin des Planeten mit der ihnen zugesprochenen Trophäe des Internationalen ethecon Black Planet Award konfrontiert werden. Das war nur möglich in Zusammenarbeit mit zahlreichen Organisationen und durch umfangreiche ehrenamtliche Unterstützung vieler Aktivist*innen. Nur so konnte die Übergabe des Schmähpreises zu einer wirksamen Aktion für Rettung und Erhalt des Planeten werden.
Wir bedanken uns ausdrücklich bei allen, die geholfen haben: Da sind die vielen Aktivist*innen von Fridays for Future. Gegenstrom, Robin Wood, Extinction Rebellion und Ende Gelände. Da ist der Preisträger des Internationalen ethecon Blue Planet Award 2016, Huberto Juárez Núñez, der die lange Anreise aus Mexico auf sich nahm. Da sind die vielen Helfer*innen und Ehrenamtlichen von der Stiftung ethecon und des Dachverbandes der Kritischen Aktionär*innen. Und natürlich danken wir auch den vielen Unterstützer*innen, die sich an den Organisations- und Übersetzungsarbeiten, an den Aktionen und an der Verteilung der Flugblätter in ganz Deutschland beteiligt haben. Und natürlich allen Spender*innen, die bei der Finanzierung geholfen haben.
Links von ausgewählte Pressestimmen
Viele Informationen - z.B. das Dossier, der Offene Brief und unsere Pressemitteilungen zu den Preisträgern - finden sich auf unserer Internetseite www.ethecon.org
Die Film-Dokumentation wird auf der Verleihung der Internationalen ethecon Awards 2019 am 23. November in Berlin Premiere haben. Danach wird sie auf dem ethecon youtube-Kanal zu sehen sehen sein.
taz
http://www.taz.de/Demo-bei-VW-Hauptversammlung/!5591578/
-Autos setzen. Das reicht Umweltaktivist*innen nicht. Sie fordern - TAZ
Braunschweiger Zeitung
https://www.braunschweiger-zeitung.de/politik/article217503347/Aktionaere-VW-hat-Elektro-Mobilitaetverschlafen.html
- Braunschweiger Zeitung
Umbruch
https://umbruch-bildarchiv.org/vw-toetet-protest-von-extinction-rebellion-bei-der-vw-hauptversammlung-in-berlin/
ethecon Handout
Internationaler ethecon Black Planet Award 2018
Übergabe an die geschmähten Preisträger / Aktionsbericht
-Unter diesem Slogan protestierten Aktivist*innen am 14. Mai 2019 zu Beginn der Jahreshauptversammlu - Umbruch Archiv
Frankfurter Rundschau
https://www.fr.de/wirtschaft/volkswagen-will-batteriefabriken-bauen-12282680.html - Frankfurter Rundschau
Nachrichtenpool Lateinamerika
https://www.npla.de/poonal/proteste-zur-vw-aktionaersversammlung/
selbst Preisträger des Blue Planet Awards erfuhr, dass VW auf der Aktionärsversammlung der Black Planet Award verliehen werden sollte, entschied er nach Berlin zu kommen. Er wollte vor den Aktionären*innen sprechen und sie mit den Gründen für die Verleihung des Negativpreises konfrontie-
Wolfsburger Nachrichten
https://www.wolfsburger-nachrichten.de/wolfsburg/article217414285/Hauptversammlung-Protest-gegen-Volkswagen-angekuendigt.html
- - Wolfsburger Nachrichten
junge Welt
https://www.jungewelt.de/artikel/354590.volkswagen-in-der-kritik-management-sabotierte-kollektivden-klimaschutz.html
-anleger ihre Stimmrechte übertragen, damit steht es uns zu, vor der versammelten Bande zu sprechen. Natürlich könnten wir dennoch abgewiesen werden was bedeuten schon Gesetze für Volkswagen? Dann landet unser Schmähpreis eben bei Herrn Porsche
Unsere Zeit
https://www.unsere-zeit.de/de/5119/wirtschaft_soziales/11193/Vorw%C3%BCrfe-gegen-VW-Manager.htm
-
Appell
Unser Blauer Planet ist in ernster Gefahr. Das ist mittlerweile auch von Politik und Wissenschaft nicht mehr zu leugnen. Kriege, soziales Elend und Ruin der Umwelt greifen um sich. Es droht der Zusammenbruch der ökologischen Systeme.
ethecon Stiftung Ethik & Ökonomie nennt die Verantwortlichen für Ruin und Zerstörung des Planeten beim Namen. Es sind die hinter den mächtigen internationalen Konzernen stehenden Großaktionäre und Geldgeber sowie deren Manager. Ihnen geht es einzig um Maximal-Profite. Dafür treten sie Ethik und Moral mit Füßen.
In Aktionen und Kampagnen treten wir ihnen entgegen. Mit dem Internationalen ethecon Black Planet Award stellen wir Jahr für Jahr in internationaler Abstimmung einige von ihnen an den Pranger. Zugleich ehren wir herausragendes persönliches Engagement für Rettung und Erhalt des Blauen Planeten mit dem Blue Planet Award.
Für diese Arbeit erbitten wir Unterstützung. Wir brauchen ehrenamtliche Mitarbeit, Unterstützung unserer Forderungen und finanzielle Hilfe.
Auch Sie können helfen. Wenn Sie der Meinung sind, dass den herrschenden profitbestimmten Verhältnissen langfristig wirksamer, über den Wechsel der Generationen andauernder Widerstand entgegengesetztwerden muss, dann unterstützen Sie ethecon - Stiftung Ethik & Ökonomie.
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Antwort
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.23. November 2019 / 14 Uhr.
15 Jahre ethecon
Verleihung der Internationalen ethecon Awards 2019
Kulturbrauerei Berlin, Schönhauser Allee 36
Stifter*innen-Treffen, 22.11.2019, 20 Uhr / Kulturbrauerei Berlin
etheconStiftung Ethik & Ökonomie
Fundación Ética & Economía Foundation Ethics & Economy www.ethecon.org
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mature thoughts, οὐκ ἔστι ζῆν ἐν τῳκόσμῳκενῷθεῶν καὶκενῷπρονοίας, it is not worth the while to live in a world empty of God and Providence, is the sense of all those that know what a Deity means. Indeed it were the greatest unhappiness that might be, to have been born into such a world, where we should be perpetually tossed up and down by a rude and blind Fortune, and be perpetually liable to all those abuses which the savage Lusts and Passions of the world would put upon us. It is not possible for any thing well to bear up the spirit of that man that shall calmly meditate with himself the true state and condition of this world, should that Mind and Wisedome be taken away from it which governs every part of it, and overrules all those disorders that at any time begin to break forth in it. Were there not an Omniscient skill to temper, and fitly to rank up in their due places all those quarrelsome and extravagant spirits that are in the world, it would soon prove an unhabitable place, and sink under the heavy weight of it's own confusion; which was wittily signified in that Fable of Phæton, who being admitted to drive the chariot of the Sun but for one day, by his rude and unskilfull guidance of it made it fall down, and burn the world. Remove God and Providence out of the world, and then we have nothing to depend upon but Chance and Fortune, the Humours and Passions of men; and he that could then live in it, had need be as blind as these Lords would be, that he might not see his own misery alwaies staring upon him; and had need be more senseless and stupid, that he might not be affected with it.
4
1 οὐκ ἔστι ζῆν ἐν τῳκόσμῳκενῷθεῶν καὶκενῷπρονοίας ] adapted from Marcus Aurelius, de seipso, 2.11.1: "what is it to me to live in a universe devoid of gods or devoid of Providence?" cf. "without God and without providence, there is no living in the world" Whichcote, Works, IV, p. 354.
15–16 that Fable of Phæton ] The "fable" is related in Timaeus, 22c: "There is a story, which even you have preserved, that once upon a time Phaethon, the son of Helios, having yoked the steeds in his father's chariot, because he was not able to drive them in the path of his father, burnt up all that was upon the earth, and was himself destroyed by a thunderbolt." Smith, it should be noted, reads the "fable" through Plato's interpretation of it, that it signified "a declination of the bodies moving in the heavens around the earth, and a great conflagration of things upon the earth, which recurs after long intervals."
4 Having finish'd our two short Discourses concerning those two AntiDeities, viz. Superstition and Atheism; we shall now proceed to discourse more largely concerning the main Heads and Principles of Religion.
And here we are to take Notice of those two Cardinal points which the 5 Author of the Epistle to the Hebrews makes the necessary Foundations of all Religion, viz. That God is, and That He is a rewarder of them that seek him. To which we should add, The Immortality of of the Reasonable Soul, but that that may seem included in the former: and indeed we can neither believe any Invisible reward of which he there speaks, without 10 a Prolepsis of the Soul's Immortality; neither can we entertain a serious belief of that, but the notions of Pœna and Præmium will naturally follow from it; we never meet with any who were perswaded of the former, that ever doubted of the latter: and therefore the former two have been usually taken alone for the First principles of Religion, and have been most 15 insisted upon by the Platonists; and accordingly a novel Platonist writing a summary of Plato's Divinity intitles his book, De Deo & Imortalitate Animæ. And also the Stoical Philosophy requires a belief of these as the
6–7 viz. That God is, and That He is a rewarder of them that seek him ] Hebrews 11, 6: "But without faith it is impossible to please him: for hee that commeth to God, must beleeue that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seeke him." cf. Pauley, The Candle of the Lord, p.71; cf. Worthington, Select Discourses, pp. 155, 418. 11 Pœna and Præmium ] reward and punishment.
1 4 ] This marks the start of Worthington's Fourth Discourse.
10 Prolepsis of the Soul's Immortality ] Stillingfleet agreed that "The existence of God and immortality of the soul, both of which seem to be supposed as general Prolepses in the writings of Moses", were fundamentals of religion (Stillingfleet, Origines Sacrae: or A Rational Account of the Christian Faith, p.244.)
5 Author of the Epistle ] Traditionally ascribed to St Paul.
15–17 a novel Platonist writing a summary of Plato's Divinity intitles his book, De Deo & Imortalitate Animæ ] The work in question has not been identified. Nicholas de Nancel's tractatus de deo et immortalitate animae; et de sede animae in corpore (in Nancel, Analogia microcosmi ad macrocosmon; id est, relatio et proportio vniuersi ad hominem) offers an intriguing possibility, but is hardly "a summary of Plato's Divinity", any more thanDescartes, Meditationes de prima philosophiae, in quibus Dei existentia, et animae humanae a corpore distinctio, demonstrantur. (Smith's 1641 copy is in Queens' library.) Ficino's Theologia platonica de immortalitate animae might seem a closer match, but hardly seems the work of a "novel Platonist", except in the very long term. It was published in 1482.
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Prolepses of all Religion, of the one whereof Epictetus himself assures us, ἴσθι ὅτι τὸκυριώτατον, &c. Know that the main Foundation of Piety is this, to have ὀρμὰς ὑπολήψεις right opinions and apprehensions of God, viz. That he is, and that he governs all things καλῶς καὶδικαίως. And the other is sufficiently insinuated in that Cardinal distinction of their τὰἐφʼἡμῖν, and τὰμὴἐφʼἡμῖν, and is more fully express'd by Simplicius. For however the Stoicks may seem to lay some ground of suspicion, as if they were dubious in this point, yet I think that which Tully and others deliver concerning their opinion herein, may fully answer all scruples, viz. That as they made certain Vicissitudes of Conflagrations and Inundations whereby the World should perish in certain periods of time ; so they thought the Souls of men should also be subject to these periodical revolutions; and therefore though they were of themselves immortal, should in these changes fall under the power of the common fate.
And indeed we scarce ever find that any were deem'd Religious, that did not own these two Fundamentals. For the Sadducees, the Jewish Writers are wont commonly to reckon them among the Epicureans, because though they held a God, yet they denied the Immortality of mens
2 ἴσθι ὅτι τὸκυριώτατον ] "know that the important thing", from Encheiridion, 31.
4
3 ὀρμὰς ὑπολήψεις ] "right notions"
καλῶς καὶδικαίως
] "noble and just"; Smith is summarising Epictetus'
Encheiridion concerning them, as existing, and as governing the universe justly and well."
"Be assured that the essence of piety towards the gods lies in this, to form right opinions
, 31:
5
τὰἐφʼἡμῖν
] "things within our control"
6 τὰμὴἐφʼἡμῖν ] "things beyond our control"; citeWolf1640, p.7.
6 Simplicius ] The distinction is made at the very start of Epictetus' Encheiridon. Simplicius' exposition of the chapter derives the whole validity of his moral system from this distinction made by Epictetus. The tenour of his remarks is not unlike Smith's. See Brittain and Brennan, Simplicius: On Epictetus Handbook 1-26, pp.40ff.
16–17 the Jewish Writers are wont commonly to reckon them among the Epicureans ] as, for example, Josephus; cf. Worthington, Select Discourses, pp.408-11; for a modern discussion of the issue, see L.V. Semenchenko, "Were the Sadducees Epicureans? The problem of interrelation of fate, providence and free will in the works of Flavious Josephus", Vestnik drevnej istorii, 2005 (3), pp. 125-142.
8 Tully ] in Academica,II, 38, 119, for example. 10–11 certain Vicissitudes of Conflagrations and Inundations whereby the World should perish in certain periods of time ] The Stoics doctrine of ekpyrosis was perhaps "the most notorious of all their cosmological theories"; cf. J.M. Rist (ed) The Stoics, (University of California, 1978), pp.180ff.
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Souls, which the New Testament seems to include, if not especially to aime at, in imputing to them a deniall of the Resurrection; which is therefore more fully explained in the Acts, where it is added that they held there was neither Angel nor Spirit. And these two Principles are chiefly aimed at in those two Inscriptions upon the Temple at Delphos, the one, Ε, referring to God, by which Title those that came in to worship were supposed to invoke him, acknowledging his Immutable and Eternal nature; the other, ΓΝΩΘΣΕΑΥΤΟΝ, as the admonition of the Deity again to all his worshippers, to take notice of the dignity and Immortality of their own Souls, as Plutarch and Tully, as also Clemens Alexandr. expound them.
3 Acts ] Acts 2, 23, 8: "For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, neither angel nor spirit: but the Pharisees confess both." cf. Worthington, Select Discourses, pp.402-5.
8 ΓΝΩΘΣΕΑΥΤΟΝ ] "Know thyself"
5 Ε ] "Thou art"
5 the Temple at Delphos ] The temple at Delphi was dedicated to Apollo, and, from 776 BC, the location of the Pythian games.
10 Tully ] For example: "this, doubtless, is the meaning of the precept of Apollo, which advises every one to know himself. For I do not apprehend the meaning of the God to have been that we should understand our members, our stature, and form; for we are not merely bodies; nor, when I say these things to you, am I addressing myself to your body: when, therefore, he says, 'Know yourself,' he says this, 'Inform yourself of the nature of your soul;' for the body is but a kind of vessel, or receptacle of the soul, and whatever your soul does is your own act" (Tusculanae disputationes, I.22; cf. V.25).
10 Plutarch ] Amongst the interpretations in Plutarch's DE E apud Delphos is that by Ammonius at 392a; he summarises the complex relationship between the two inscriptions: "the one is an utterance addressed in awe and reverence to the god as existent through all eternity, the other is a reminder to mortal man of his own nature, and the weaknesses that beset him" (394c).
10 Clemens Alexandr ] Titus Flavius Clemens (c.150 - c.215 AD) was known as Clemens Alexandrinus (Clement of Alexandria), because he taught at the Catechical School there. In his Stromata or "Miscellanies", he adduced the inscriptions as example of "divine things wrapped up in figures": "Similarly also the maxim 'Know thyself' shows many things; both that thou art mortal, and that thou wast born a human being; and also that, in comparison with the other excellences of life, thou art of no account, because thou sayest that thou art rich or renowned; or, on the other hand, that, being rich or renowned, you are not honoured on account of your advantages alone. And it says, Know for what thou wert born, and whose image thou art; and what is thy essence, and what thy creation, and what thy relation to God, and the like" (V.4). All the interpretations alluded to are broadly consonant with the Platonic view, as for example, in Phaedrus, 229e and Charmides, 164d ff.
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But if we will have the Fundamental Articles of Christian Religion, we must add to the former, The Communication of God to Mankind through Christ; which last the Scripture treats of at large, so far as concerns our practice, with that plainness and simplicity, that I cannot but think, that whosoever shall ingenuously and with humility of Spirit addressing himself to God, converse therewith, will see the bright beams of Divinity shining forth in it, and it may be find the Text it self much plainer then all those Glosses that have been put upon it; though it may be it is not so clear in matters of Speculation, as some Magisterial men are apt to think it is.
Now for these three Articles of Faith and Practice, I think if we duly consider the Scriptures, or the Reason of the thing it self, we shall easily find all Practical Religion to be referr'd to them, and built upon them: The Nature of God and of our own Immortal Souls both shew us what our Religion should be, and also the Necessity of it; and the Doctrine of Free grace in Christ, the sweet and comfortable means of attaining to that perfection and Blessedness which the other Belief teaches us to aime at.
In pursuing of these we shall first begin with The Immortality of the Soul, which if it be once cleared, we can neither leave any room for Atheism (which those I doubt are not ordinarily very free from that have gross material notions of their own Souls) nor be wholly ignorant what God is: for indeed the chief natural way whereby we can climb up to the understanding of the Deity is by a Contemplation of our own Souls. We cannot think of him but according to the measure and model of our own Intellect, or frame any other Idea of him then what the impressions of our own Souls will permit us: and therefore the best Philosophers have alwaies taught us to inquire for God within ourselves; Reason in us, as Tully tells us, being
15 sweet and comfortable ] cf. the argument to the Song of Solomon in the Geneva Bible (1599); "Solomon by most sweet and comfortable allegories and parables describeth the perfect love of Jesus Christ"
21–22 the chief natural way whereby we can climb up to the understanding of the Deity is by a Contemplation of our own Souls ] cf. the language of Whichcote: "A holy understanding climbs up to God by contemplation, meditation and motion of heavenly affection, as to the image and some resemblance of God; climbing up by steps to behold God, the original and the fountain of all happiness." (Whichcote, Several Discourses, IV, p.300).
participata similitudo rationis internae: and accordingly some good Expositours have interpreted that place in S. John's Gospel chap.I. He is that true light which enlightens everyman that cometh into the world; which if I were to gloss upon in the language of the Platonists, I should doe it thus,
5 λόγος ἐστὶφῶς ψυχῶν, the Eternal Word is the light of Souls, which the Vulgar Latine referr'd to in Signatum est supra nos lumen vultus tui, Domine, as Aquinas observes. But we shall not search into the full nature of the Soul, but rather make our inquiry into the Immortality of it, and endeavour to demonstrate that.
10
But before we fall more closely upon this, viz. the demonstrating the Soul's Immortality, we shall premise three things.
I.
That the Immortality of the Soul doth not absolutely need any Demon-
1 participata similitudo rationis internae ] HGW and CAP identify the source not as Cicero, but St Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica, I.84.5: "ipsum enim lumen intellectuale quod est in nobis nihil est aliud quam quaedam participata similitudo luminis increati, in quo continentur rationes aeternae" ("for the intellectual light in us is noting more than a participating likeness of the increated light in which the divine ideas are contained"). HGW silently emended "internae" to "eternae". The quotation is re-used below, page XXX.
5 λόγος ἐστὶφῶς ψυχῶν ] "the word is the light of souls"; probably Smith's own coinage, perhaps recalling the Greek of John 1,4.: "In him was life, and the life was the light of men(το φως των ανθρωπων)."
2–3 He is that true light which enlightens everyman that cometh into the world ] John, 1,9: "That was the true light, which lighteth euery man that commeth into the world." cf. Andrewes, Ninety Six Sermons, V, p.319 for a suggestive identification of this light with "the candle of the lord".
6 Signatum est supra nos lumen vultus tui, Domine ] "The light of your face is stamped upon us"; the text is that of the Clementine Vulgate for Psalms 4,6.
7 Aquinas observes ] Again in Summa Theologica, I.84.5: "it is written (Psalm 4, 6-7), Many say: who will give us sight of happiness? and the Psalmist replies to the questions, The light of your face, lord, is signed upon us, as if to say, by the seal of the divine light in us every thing is made known to us." cf. Whichcote's citation of the verse in Whichcote, Several Discourses, IV, p.303. and Ficino's in Theologia Platonica, XII.4.2. cf. also Culverwel, An Elegant and Learned Discourse of the Light of Nature, p.51.
9 demonstrate ] in the sense of setting out "a Chain of Arguments depending one on the other, and founded primarily on first and self evident Principles; ending in the invincible Proof of a thing to be demonstrated." Blount, Glossographia.
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stration to clear it by, but might be assumed rather as a Principle or Postulatum seeing the notion of it is apt naturally to insinuate it self into the belief of the most vulgar sort of men. Mens understandings commonly lead them as readily to believe that their Souls are Immortal, as that they have any Existence at all. And though they be not all so wise and Logical, as to distinguish aright between their Souls and their Bodies, or tell what kind of thing that is that they commonly call their Soul; yet they are strongly inclined to believe that some part of them shall survive another, and that that Soul, which it may be they conceive by a gross Phantasm, shall live, when the other more visible part of them shall moulder into dust. And therefore all Nations have consented in this belief, which hath almost been as vulgarly received as the belief of a Deity; as a diligent converse with History will assure us, it having been never so much questioned by the Idiotical sort of men, as by some unskilful Philosophers, who have had Wit & Fancy enough to raise doubts, like Evil Spirits, but not Judgement enough to send them down again.
This Consensus Gentium Tully thinks enough to conclude a Law and Maxim of Nature by, which though I should not universally grant, seeing sometimes Errour and Superstition may strongly plead this Argument; yet I think for those things that are the matter of our first belief, that Notion may not be refuted. For we cannot easily conceive how any Prime no-
1–2 Postulatum ] "Postulates, in Mathematicks, are such easie and self-evident suppositions as need no Explication or Illustration to render them intelligible," says Blount, Glossographia.
17 Consensus Gentium ] "agreement of everyone"
1–2 Postulatum ] Here, recalling Descartes' use of "principles" as the basis of reasoning, particularly in Principia philosophiae, Descartes, Principia philosphiae.
17–18 Tully thinks enough to conclude a Law and Maxim of Nature by ] Probably reflecting Tusculanae disputationes, I.13: "in every case the consent of all nations is to be looked upon a law of nature"; cf. de natura deorum, I.17: "a belief which all men by nature share must necessarily be true". Smith's position on the consensus gentium may be viewed in the light of H.G. Van Leuwen, The Problem of Certainty in English Thought 1630-1690 (The Hague, 1963).
14 Idiotical ] In the sense of "unlearned"; cf. Blount, Glossographia.
21–1 Prime notion ] Recalling Descartes' assertion that "The mind also discovers certain common notions out of which it frames various demonstrations that carry conviction to such a degree as to render doubt of their truth impossible, so long as we give attention to them." Descartes, Principia philosphiae, 1.13, p.5.
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tion that hath no dependency on any other antecedent to it, should be generally entertain'd; did not the common dictate of Nature or Reason acting alike in all men move them to conspire together in the embracing of it, though they knew not one anothers minds. And this it may be might first perswade Averroes to think of a Common Intellect, because of the uniform judgements of men in some things. But indeed in those Notions which we may call notiones ortæ, there a communis notitia is not so free from all suspicion; which may be cleared by taking an Instance from our present Argument. The notion of the Immortality of the Soul is such an one as is generally owned by all those that yet are not able to collect it by a long Series and concatenation of sensible observation, and by a Logical dependence of one thing upon another deduce it from sensible Experiments;a thing that it may be was scarce ever done by the wisest Philosophers, but is rather believed with a kind of repugnancy to Sense, which shews all things to be mortal, and which would have been too apt to have deluded the ruder sort of men, did not a more powerful impression upon their own Souls forcibly urge them to believe their own Immortality. Though indeed if the common notions of men were well examined, it may be some common notion adherent to this of the Immortality may be as generally received, which yet in it self is false; and that by reason of a
28 notiones ortæ ] "ideas that arise" 28 communis notitia ] "common idea"
26 Averroes ] Abū l-Walīd Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Rušd (1126-1198), the famous Arab philosopher, was a native of Cordoba, whose influence extended to the seventeenth century through his Commentaries, mainly on Aristotle. The commonly held opinion that he denied the personal immortality of the soul was a decisive factor in determining the Cambridge Platonists' view of him. See Cassirer, Individuum und Kosmos in der Philosophie der Renaissance, pp.133-143, and Sarah Hutton, "The Cambridge Platonists and Averroes" in Akasoy and Giglioni, Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europer, pp.197 - 211.
32–34 a long Series ... from sensible Experiments ] Smith's language here reflects Cartesian thinking about the ability of the mind to perceive it self, and to construct a reliable chain of reasoning on clear perceived observations.
26 Common Intellect ] See St. Thomas Aquinas, De unitate intellectus contra Averroistas, for the account which lies behind the Cambridge Platonists' understanding of the theory. cf. also Enneads, IV.9.
41–3 by reason of a common prejudice ... with their own Souls ] cf. Descartes: "in our early years, the mind was so immersed in the body, that ... it yet knew nothing distinctly; and ... numerous prejudices were then contracted" (Descartes, Principia philosphiae, 1. 47, p.17.
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common prejudice which the earthly and Sensual part of man will equally possesse all men with, untill they come to be well acquainted with their own Souls; as namely a notion of the Souls Materiality, and it may be it's Traduction too, which seems to be as generally received by the vulgar sort as the former. But the reasons of that is evident,for the Souls of men exercising themselves first of all κινήσει πρὸβατικῇ, as the Greek Philosopher expresseth, meerly by a Progressive kind of motion, spending themselves about Bodily and Material acts, and conversing onely with Sensible things; they are apt to acquire such deep stamps of Material phantasms to themselves, that they cannot imagine their own Being to be any other than Material & Divisible, though of a fine Æthereal nature: which kind of conceit, though it be inconsistent with an Immortal and Incorruptible nature, yet hath had too much prevalencie in Philosophers themselves, their Minds not being sufficiently abstracted while they have contemplated the highest Being of all. And some think Aristotle himself cannot be excused in this point, who seems to have thought God himself to be nothing else but μέγα ζῶον, as he styles him. But such Common
47
κινήσει πρὸβατικῇ
] "sheeplike movement"
μέγα ζῶον
58
] "great animal"
44 a notion of the Souls Materiality ] The most famous proponent of the material soul, Hobbes, published Leviathan in April or May 1651. For his thinking, see Hobbes, Leviathan or the Matter, Forme, & Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill. Chapter 46.
47–48 the Greek Philosopher ] The phrase usually identifies Plotinus, but κινήσει πρὸβατικῇ occurs nowhere in the Enneads. Perhaps Smith mis-recalls κινήσει μεταβατικῇ, "movement from place to place" from Enneads, III.7.11. The linear motion is to be opposed to that more fruitful circular motion of the following page. Cudworth explicitly recognised just such a contrast: "Sense is like a line which is the Flux of a Point running out from it self, but Intellect like a Circle that keeps within it self." Cudworth, A Treatise Concerning Eternal and Immutable Morality, p.98.
45 Traduction ] "transmission by generation, descent"; cf. Culverwel, An Elegant and Learned Discourse of the Light of Nature, p.78: "I find the Stoicks challenged for this Errour, that they thought there was a real emanation, and traduction of the Soul out of God, ex ipsa Dei substantia."
58 μέγα ζῶον ] The phrase is not Aristotle's, nor does Smith do justice to Aristotle's ideas, presumably in de anima 2.2. 414a. For Cudworth's very different uses of the phrase, see Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe, pp.270, 304, 499, 537, 561 etc.
58–2 But such Common Notions as these are, arising from the deceptions and hallucinations of Sense ] The implication is that Aristotle failed adequately to practise his own
Notions as these are, arising from the deceptions and hallucinations of Sense, ought not to prejudice those which are not Sense, but some Higher power begets in all men. And so we have done with that.
The second thing I should premise should be in place of a Postulatum 5 to our following Demonstrations, or rather a Caution about them, which is, That, to a right conceiving the force of any such Arguments as may prove the Souls Immortality, there must be an antecedent Converse with our own Souls. It is no hard matter to convince any one by clear and evident principles, fetch'd from his own sense of himself, who hath ever well 10 meditated the Powers and Operations of his own Soul, that it is Immaterial and Immortal.
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But those very Arguments that to such will be Demonstrative, to others will lose something of the strength of Probability: For indeed it is not possible for us well to know what our Souls are, but onely by their κινήσεις κυκλικαὶ, their Circular and Reflex motions, and Converse with themselves, which onely can steal from them their own secrets. All those Discourses which have been written of the Soul's Heraldry, will not blazon it so well to us as it self will doe. When we turn our own eyes in upon it, it will soon tell us it's own royal pedigree and noble extraction, by those sacred Hieroglyphicks which it bears upon it self. We shall endeavour to interpret and unfold some of them in our following Discourse.
72–73 κινήσεις κυκλικαὶ ] "circular movements"
method of aphairesis.
72–73 κινήσεις κυκλικαὶ ] Again, the phrase is not from Plotinus. Smith may recall PseudoPlutarch's summary of Aristotle's ideas, (in de placitis philosophorum, 887d, but the closest parallel is perhaps Pseudo-Dionysius' claim that Ψυχῆς δὲκίνησίς ἐστι κυκλικὴ "the movement of the soul is also circular" de divinis nominibus, IV.9. 4b. If the phrase is Smith's own coinage, it doubtless glances at the discussion of the soul's movement in Aristotle's de anima, 407a-b.
66–67 clear and evident principles, fetch'd from his own sense of himself ] cf. Descartes' famous argument in Meditationes de prima philosophia, in qua Dei existentia et animæ immortalitas demonstratur, (Paris, 1641), III, 2.
75 blazon ] "to express or display the Parts of a Coat of Arms in proper Colours and Metals. Also to set forth one's good or all Qualities" Blount, Glossographia; here, to provide a formal, analytical account. The metaphor continues in the sentence following
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3. There is one thing more to be considered, which may serve as a common Basis or Principle to our following Arguments; and it is this Hypothesis, That no Substantial and Indivisible thing ever perisheth. And this Epicurus and all of his Sect must needs grant, as indeed they doe, and much more then it is lawful to plead for; and therefore they make this one of the first Principles of their Atheistical Philosophy, Ex nihilo fieri nil, & in nihilum nil posse reverti. : But we shall here be content with that sober Thesis of Plato in his Timæus, who attributes the Perpetuation of all Substances to the Benignity and Liberality of the Creatour, whom he therefore brings in thus, speaking to the Angels, those νέοι θεοὶ, as he calls them, ὑμεις οὐκ ἐστὲἀναθάνατοι οὐδὲἄλυτοι&c. You are not of your selves immortal, nor indissoluble; but would relapse and slide back from that Being which I have given you, should I withdraw the influence of my own power from you: but yet you shall hold your Immortality by a Patent of meer grace from my self. But to return, Plato held that the whole world,
6–7 Ex nihilo fieri nil, & in nihilum nil posse reverti. ] "nothing to be made from nothing, and nothing to be able to revert to nothing"
11 ὑμεις οὐκ ἐστὲἀναθάνατοι οὐδὲἄλυτοι&c. ] The passage is from Timaeus, 41a-b: "Gods of gods, those works whereof I am framer and father are indissoluble save by my will. For though all that is bound may be dissolved, yet to will to dissolve that which is fairly joined together and in good case were the deed of a wicked one. Wherefore ye also, seeing that ye were generated, are not wholly immortal or indissoluble, yet in no wise shall ye be dissolved nor incur the doom of death, seeing that in my will ye possess a bond greater and more sovereign than the bonds wherewith, at your birth, ye were bound together".
10 νέοι θεοὶ ] "young gods"; Timaeus, 42d.
6–7 Ex nihilo fieri nil, & in nihilum nil posse reverti. ] HGW was doubtless correct in suggesting that a line from Persius III, 83 lies behind the tag (and silently emends the text accordingly): "gigni /De nihilo nihilum, in nihilum nil posse reverti" ("nothing can be produced from nothing, nothing can be returned into nothing"), but Smith was also aware that Epicurus' own formulation (reported in Diogenes Laertius' Lives of Eminent Philosophers, 10.35ff), lay behind the innumerable versions which came after him. Cudworth gave his own translation: "We fetch the beginning of our Philosophy ... from hence, that Nothing is made out of Nothing or destroy'd to Nothing." (Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe, p.30). For a scholastic discussion of which Smith was aware, see Ballus, De foecunditate Dei, II, 1-2, pp.113ff..
11 ὑμεις οὐκ ἐστὲἀναθάνατοι οὐδὲἄλυτοι&c. ] The speech is obviously of crucial importance to the Christian Platonist, with its doctrine of a benevolent and sustaining creator, but a "Patent of meer grace" allows specifically Christian language dominance over a Platonic conception. Plotinus' important comments on the passage are in Enneads, I.8.7.
howsoever it might meet with many Periodicall mutations, should remain Eternally ; which I think our Christian Divinity doth no where deny: and so Plotinus frames this general Axiom, οὐδὲν ἐκ τοῦὄντος ἀπολεῖται, that no Substance shall ever perish. And indeed if we collate all our own Observa5 tions & Experience with such as the History of former times hath delivered to us, we shall not find that ever any substance was quite lost; but though this Proteus-like Matter may perpetually change its shape, yet it will constantly appear under one Form or another, what art soever we use to destroy it: as it seems to have been set forth in that old Gryphe or Riddle 10 of the Peripatetick School, Ælia Lælia Crispis, nec mas, nec fœmina, nec androgyna, nec casta, nec meretrix, nec pudica; sed omnia, &c. as Fortunius Licetus hath expounded it. Therefore it was never doubted whether any piece of Substance was lost, till of latter times some hot-brained Peripateticks, who could not bring their fiery and subtile fancies to any cool
3 οὐδὲν ἐκ τοῦὄντος ἀπολεῖται ] "nothing that exists is annihilated"; Enneads, IV.4.14., in a very different context.
10–11 Ælia Lælia Crispis, nec mas, nec fœmina, nec androgyna, nec casta, nec meretrix, nec pudica; sed omnia, &c. ] "neither male, nor female, nor androgynous, nor chaste, nor whore, nor modest; but all, etc."; a version of the inscription on the "Bologna" stone, in the Museo Civico Medievale di Bologna.
1 many Periodicall mutations ] Sir Thomas Browne explains Plato's great cycle (put forward in Timaeus, 39c) as a "revolution of certaine thousand years when all things should returne to their former estate and he be teaching again in his schoole as when he delivered this opinion" (Browne, Religio Medici, I.6). As an eternally recurring history, Plato's conception is incompatible with the Christian view of history in which the Passion is a unique event.
7
1–2 should remain Eternally ] Reflecting perhaps Cicero's assertion in Academica, II.37.118.
is "in Homer the Symbole of the first matter".
Proteus
-like
Matter
] cf. Sir Thomas Browne,
The Garden of Cyrus
5, where Proteus
9 Gryphe ] "Griph" or "gryphe" was an already an archaic word for a riddle, as Edward Phillips notes in The New World of English Words (London, 1658).
11–12 Fortunius Licetus hath expounded it ] In his Allegoria peripatetica de generatione, amicitia, et privatione in Aristotelicum aenigma Elia Leli Crispis (Padua, 1630). Fortunio Liceti (1577-1657) was an Italian physician, philosopher and scientist. After "refuting" all existing interpretations, Liceti claims the inscription as a fragment of a lost work by Aristotle. There have been many other, equally fanciful speculations on the inscription and the nature of the stone on which it is carved.
10
Peripatetick
] i.e. Aristotelian
13–1 hot-brained Peripateticks, who could not bring their fiery and subtile fancies to any cool judgement ] For Smith, of course, the metaphors reflect a physiological reality. 13–1 Peripateticks ] identify
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judgement, began rashly to determine that all Material Forms (as they are pleased to call them) were lost. For having once jumbled and crouded in a new kind of Being, never anciently heard of, between the parts of a Contradiction, that is Matter and Spirit, which they call Material Forms, because they could not well tell whence these new upstarts should arise, nor how to dispose of them when Matter began to shift herself into some new garb, they condemn'd them to utter destruction; and yet lest they should seem too rudely to controul all Sense and Reason, they found out this common tale which signifies nothing, that these Substantial Forms were educed ex potentia Materiæ, whenever Matter began to appeare in any new disguise, and afterwards again returned in gremium Materiæ; & so they thought them not quite lost. But this Curiosity consisting onely of words fortuitously packt up together, being too subtile for any sober judgment to lay hold upon, and which they themselves could never yet tell how to define; we shall as carelessly lay it aside, as they boldly obtrude it upon us, and take the common distinction of all Substantiall Being for granted,
10 ex potentia Materiæ ] "from the potency of matter"
11 in gremium Materiæ ] "in the bosom of matter"
9 common tale which signifies nothing ] Emended in 1821 and 1859 to recall Macbeth, V.5.26-8.
11 and afterwards again returned in gremium Materiæ ] The movement envisaged here, the return of substantial forms into the heart of matter, was quite commonly a subject of discussion, from Henry More's somewhat rhapsodic version in Psychathnansia,More, Philosophical Poems: 1647 I.3.27 to Browne's elaborate rhetoric in Religio Medici(Browne, Religio Medici, I.48). Joseph Glanvil stood gravely with Smith (whose works he had read) on this point. He characterised an old-fashioned "Reverend Disputer" as one who "knows, no doubt, that First Matter that is neither Quid, nor Quale, nor Quantum; and that wonderful Gremium materiae, out of which Forms were educed that were never there" (Glanvil, Plus ultra, or, The progress and advancement of knowledge since the days of Aristotle in an account of some of the most remarkable late improvements of practical, useful learning, to encourage philosophical endeavours : occasioned by a conference with one of the notional way, p.119).
10 educed ex potentia Materiæ ] The phrasing reflects the common scholastic formulation. For a contemporary example, see Baronius, Philosophia theologiae ancillans, p.68, "de formarum eductione ex potentia materiae" ("about the drawing out of forms from the potentiality of matter"). Boyle's discussion is in Section II of The Origin of Formes and Qualities (1666). cf. Pade, Renaissance Readings of the Corpus Aristotelicum, pp. 153154 for sources of the phrase.
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viz. That it is either Body, and so Divisible, and of three Dimensions; or else it is something which is not properly a Body or Matter, & so hath no such Dimensions as that the Parts thereof should be crouding for place, and justling one with another, not being all able to couch together or run one into another: and this is nothing else but what is commonly called Spirit. Though yet we will not be too Critical in depriving everything which is not grossly corporeal of all kind of Extension.
We shall therefore now endeavour to prove That the Soul of man is something really distinct from his Body, of an Indivisible nature, and so cannot be divided into such Parts as should flit one from another; and consequently is apt of it's own Nature to remain to Eternity, and so will doe, except the Decrees of Heaven should abandon it from Being.
And first, we shall prove it ab absurdo, and here doe as the Mathematicians use to doe in such kind of Demonstrations: we will suppose that if the Reasonable Soul be not of such an Immaterial Nature, then it must be a Body, and so suppose it to be made up as all Bodies are: where because the Opinions of Philosophers differ, we shall only take one, viz. that of Epicurus, which supposeth it to be made up by a fortu-
8–9 That the Soul of man is something really distinct from his Body ] cf. Descartes, Mediationes de prima philosophia, In quibus Dei existentia, & animae humanae a corpore distinctio, demonstrantur (Amsterdam, 1642): "Meditations on First Philosophy, in which the existence of God and the separateness of the human soul from the body are demonstrated."
12 except the Decrees of Heaven should abandon it from Being ] cf.Timaeus, 41b 13 ab absurdo ] "from absurdity"
1–5 That it is either Body ... one into another ] cf. Descartes, Meditationes de prima philosophia (Amsterdam, 1654), p.10: "per corpus intelligo illud omne quod aptum est figura aliqua terminari, loco circumscribi, spatium sic replere, ut ex eo aliud omne corpus excludat ". (By "body" I understand all that which is apt to be defined by some shape, to be circumscribed by place, and so to fill space that all other body is excluded from it.) 6–7 will not be too Critical in depriving everything which is not grossly corporeal of all kind of Extension ] Perhaps suggesting an awareness of the debate between More and Descartes in 1648 about the extension of spirit. For Cudworth's similar refusal to commit himself, in the preface to The True Intellectual System of the Universe, see D.B. Sailor, "Cudworth and Descartes", JHI, 23 (1963), p.134. For More's argument, see Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe, p.833 and Lichtenstein, Henry More: the rational theology of a Cambridge Plattonist, pp.161ff.
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itous Concourse of Atomes; and in that demonstrate against all the rest: (for indeed herein a particular Demonstration is an Universal, as it is in all Mathematical Demonstrations of this kind.) For if all that which is the Basis of our Reasons and Understandings, which we here call the Substance of the Soul, be nothing else but a meer Body, and therefore be infinitely divisible, as all Bodies are; it will be all one in effect whatsoever notion we have of the generation or production thereof. We may give it, if we please, finer words, and use more demure & smooth language about it then Epicurus did, as some that, lest they should speak too rudely and rustically of it by calling it Matter, will name it Efflorescentia Materiæ; and yet lest that should not be enough, adde Aristotle's Quintessence to it too: they will be so trim and courtly in defining of it, that they will not call it by the name of Aer, Ignis, or Flamma, as some of the ancient vulgar Philosophers did, but Flos flammæ: and yet the Epicurean Poet could use as much Chymistry in exalting his fansy as these subtile Doctors doe; and when he would dress out the Notion of it more gaudily, he resembles it to Flos Bacchi, and Spiritus unguenti suavis. But when we have taken away this disguise of wanton Wit, we shall find nothing better then meer Body, which will be recoiling back perpetually into it's own inert and sluggish
10 Efflorescentia Materiæ ] "flowering or efflorescence of matter"
13 Aer, Ignis, or Flamma ] "air", "fire" or "flame"
11 Aristotle's Quintessence ] Aristotle posits "something beyond the bodies that are about us on this earth, different and separate from them" in (de caelo, 1.2. (269b); for Cicero's account of it, see academica, I.7.
14 Flos flammæ ] "the flower of flame"
spiritus unguenti suavis diffugit in auras"
17 Flos Bacchi, and Spiritus unguenti suavis ] Lucretius, de rerum natura, III, 221-2: "quod genus est Bacchi cum flos evanuit cum
("even so it is, when the flavour of wine has passed away or when the sweet breath of a perfume is scattered to the air.)"
13–14 some of the ancient vulgar Philosophers did ] Smith is perhaps thinking of Presocratics thinkers like Anaximenes (air) and Heraclitus (fire).
16–17 when he would dress out the Notion of it more gaudily, he resembles it to Flos Bacchi, and Spiritus unguenti suavis ] Smith's objection is not to Lucretius' use of metaphoric language, but to the movement of thought it embodies. To one from the universe emanates from God, for whom mind and soul are prior to matter, any comparison between the soul and an exhalation will be objectionable. From Smith's point of view. Lucretius begins at the wrong end.
14 Epicurean Poet ] Lucretius
Passiveness: though we may think we have quicken'd it never so much by this subtile artifice of Words and Phrases, a man's new-born Soul will for all this be but little better then his Body; and, as that is, be but a rasura corporis alieni, made up of some small and thin shavings pared off from 5 the Bodies of the Parents by a continuall motion of the several parts of it; and must afterwards receive its augmentation from that food and nourishment which is taken in, as the Body doth. So that the very Grass we walk over in the fields, the Dust and Mire in the streets that we tread upon, may, according to the true meaning of this dull Philosophy, after many re10 finings, macerations and maturations, which Nature performs by the help of Motion, spring up into so many Rational Souls, and prove as wise as any Epicurean, and discourse as subtily of what it once was, when it lay drooping in a sensless Passiveness. This conceit is so gross, that one would think it wanted nothing but that witty Sarcasm that Plutarch cast 15 upon Nicocles the Epicurean, to confute it, ἡμήτηπ ἀτόμους ἔσχεν ἐν αὐτῇ τοσαύτας, οἷαι συνελθοῦσαι σοφὸν ἂν ἐγέννησας.
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At, quod mobile tantopere est, constare rotundis Perquam seminibus debet, perquámque minutis,
But because the heavy minds of men are so frequently sinking into this earthly fancy, we shall further search into the entrails of this Philosophy; and see how like that is to a Rational Soul, which it pretends to declare the production of. Lucretius first of all taking notice of the mighty swiftness and celerity of the Soul in all its operations, lest his Matter should be too soon tired and not able to keep pace with it, he first casts the Atomes prepared for this purpose into such perfect Sphærical & small figures as might be most capable of these swift impressions; for so he, lib.3.
3–4 rasura corporis alieni, ] "shavings from another body"; the source has not been identified.
15–16 ἡμήτηπ ἀτόμους ἔσχεν ἐν αὐτῇτοσαύτας, οἷαι συνελθοῦσαι σοφὸν ἂν ἐγέννησας ] "his [Neocles'] mother had just so many atoms within her as, when they came together, must have produced a complete wise man"; non posse suaviter vivi secundum Epicurum,18, 1100a-b
At, quod mobile tantopere est, constare rotundis
Momine uti parvo possint impulsa moveri. ] "But, because it is so very nimble, it is bound to formed of exceeding round, exceeding tiny seeds, so that its particles may be able to move when smitten by a little impulse"; Lucretius, de rerum natura, III, 186-8.
Perquam seminibus debet, perquámque minutis,
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Momine uti parvo possint impulsa moveri. But here before we goe any further, we might inquire what it should be that should move these small and insensible Globes of Matter. For Epicurus his two Principles, which he calls Plenum and Inane, will here by no means serve our turn to find out Motion by. For though our communes notitiæ assure us that wherever there is a Multiplicity of parts, (as there is in every Quantitative Being) there may be a Variety of application in those parts one to another, and so a Mobility; yet Motion it self will not so easily arise out of a Plenum, though we allow it an empty Space and room enough to play up and down in. For we may conceive a Body, which is his Plenum, onely as a trinè dimensum, being longum, latum & profundum, without attributing any motion at all to it: and Aristotle in his De Cœlo doubts not herein to speak plainly, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦσὼματος κίνησις οὐκ ἐγγίνεται, that Motion cannot arise from a Body. For indeed this Power of motion must needs argue some Efficient cause, as Tully hath well observed, if we suppose any rest antecedent; or if any Body be once moving, it must also find some potent Efficient to stay it & settle it in Rest as Simplicius hath somewhere in his Comment upon Epictetus wisely determin'd. So that if we will suppose either Motion or Rest to be contein'd originally in the nature of any Body; we must of necessity conclude some potent Efficient to produce the contrary, or else attribute this Power to
11 trinè dimensum ] "thing with three dimensions"
13–14 ὅτι ἐκ τοῦσὼματος κίνησις οὐκ ἐγγίνεται, ] "movement cannot arise out of a body itself"; not, apparently, in de caelo.
11–12 longum, latum & profundum ] "length, breadth and depth"
10–12 For we may conceive ... at all to it ] This kind of reasoning, associated with Henry More rather than Smith, owes something to Descartes, particularly in his Principia philosophiae (1644). He, too, considered that "mere extension in length, breadth and depth, constitutes the nature of corporeal substance" without any implication of motion, which is "a mode of this extended thing" (Principia, I. 53, p.20.), saying that we "can conceive extension without figure or action."
18–19 Simplicius hath somewhere in his Comment upon Epictetus wisely determin'd. ] Simplicius' discussion of motion and rest is in Chapter 38 of his commentary; cf. Descartes, Principa philosophiae II.37. For Cudworth's recognition of the principle, see Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe, p.843.
15–16 Tully hath well observed ] Smith perhaps recalls Cicero de finibus bonorum et malorum, I.6.19, where he points out, in his prolonged discussion of Epicurean physics, that to assert the atoms' declination without it having any cause is a shameful error in a natural philosopher.
Bodies themselves; which will at last grow unbounded and infinite, and indeed altogether inconsistent with the nature of a Body.
But yet though we should grant all this which Lucretius contends for, how shall we force up these particles of Matter into any true and real Per5 ceptions, and make them perceive their own or others motions, which he calls Motus sensiferi? For he having first laid down his Principles of all Being, as he supposeth, (neither is he willing to leave his Deities themselves out of the number) he onely requires these Postulata to unfold the nature of all by Concursus, motus, ordo, positura, figuræ. But how any 10 such thing as sensation, or much lesseReason, should spring out of this barren soil, how well till'd soever, no composed mind can imagine. For indeed that infinite variety which is in the Magnitude of parts, their Positions, Figures and Motions, may easily, and indeed must needs, produce an infinite variety of Phænomena, which the Epicureans philosophy calls 15 Eventa. And accordingly where there is a Sentient faculty, it may receive the greatest variety of Impressions from them, by which the Perceptions, which are the immediate result of a Knowing faculty, will be distinguish'd: Yet cannot the Power it self of Sensation arise from them, no more then Vision can arise out of a Glasse, whereby it should be able to perceive 20 these Idola that paint themselves upon it, though it were never so exactly polish'd, and they much finer then they are or can be.
Neither can those small corpuscula, which in themselves have no power of sense, ever produce it by any kind of Concourse or Motion; for so
6 Motus sensiferi ] "motion that brings sensation"; de rerum natura, III.273. 9 Concursus, motus, ordo, positura, figuræ ] "concurrence, motion, order, position,shape";
20 Idola ] "images";
de rerum natura, I.585.
22 corpuscula ] "particles"
14 Phænomena ] "phenomena" in the sense of "what is apparent to us through perception", as Proclus puts it. Baltzly, Commentary on the Timaeus, Volume 3, p.51).
20 Idola ] the word is perhaps suggested by a recollection of Cicero, de finibus bonorum et malorum, I.6.21, where he speaks of "images, which they (Epicurus and Democritus) term eidola, by the incursion of which we not only see, but think."
15 Eventa ] As, for example, at de rerum natura, I, 450ff, where he distinguishes "coniuncta", those features of something which are inherent in its nature, and "eventa", which are, as it were, attributes that just happen to be (hence, "accidentals").
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a Cause might in its production rise up above the height of its own nature and virtue; which I think every calm contemplator of Truth will judge impossible: for seeing whatsoever any Effect hath, it must needs derive from its Causes, and can receive no other tincture and impression then they can bestow upon it; that Signature must first be in the Cause it self, which is by it derived to the Effect. And therefore the wisest Philosophers amongst the Ancients universally concluded that there was some higher Principle then meer Matter, which was the Cause of all Life and Sense, and that to be Immortal: as the Platonists, who thought this reason sufficient to move them to assert a Mundane Soul. And Aristotle, though he talks much of Nature, yet he delivers his mind so cloudily, that all that he hath said of it may passe with that which he himself said of his )Acroatici
12–1 Acroatici Libri ] "esoteric books"
4 tincture ] Perhaps with scientific associations: "In Chymistry, it is a dissolution of the more fine and more volatile Parts of a mixt Body in Spirit of Wine, or some such proper Menstruum" Blount, Glossographia.
12–1 Acroatici Libri ] Aulus Gellius explains that Aristotle had "two kinds of lectures": "Those were exoteric which involved the study of rhetoric, logical subtleties, and a knowledge of politics; those were called acroatic which had concern with a more profound and recondite philosophy, and which related to the contemplation of natural objects and dialectic discussion." (Noctes Atticae, XX.5.1.
5–6 that Signature must first be in the Cause it self, which is by it derived to the Effect ] A fundamental axiom of Neoplatonist thought, with important theological and aesthetic implications. Simplicius made the point sufficiently clearly:"he that produces any thing out of himself, does it by being the Cause of its existing, by having the Cause within himself; and by having some likeness to it in his own Nature; and so, if you respect him as the Cause, the Producing, the Produced, are in some degree the same" in his Commentary on Epictetus, 34 Stanhope, Epictetus his Morals with Simplicius his Comment, p.216 ; cf. Cudworth's language when discussing the dependence of hypostases in Platonism in Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe, p.581. Descartes' formulation is in Principia philosophiae Descartes, Meditationes de prima philosophiae, in quibus Dei existentia, et animae humanae a corpore distinctio, demonstrantur. III. 9–10 the Platonists, who thought this reason sufficient to move them to assert a Mundane Soul ] The immensely influential Platonic doctrine comes from Timaeus, 36e. Plotinus' articulation is relevant here: "Perception of every kind seems to depend on the fact that our universe is a living whole sympathetic to itself: that it is so, appears from the universal participation in power from member to member, and especially in remote parts" (Enneads, IV.5.3; cf. IV.4.32). By the 17th century the appeal to the anima mundi was a "desperate" explanation of the phenomenon (Glanvill, The Vanity of Dogmatizing, or, Confidence in opinions manifested in a discourse of the shortness and uncertainty of our knowledge, and its causes: with some relfexions on peripateticism, and an apology for philosophy, pp.207-8.
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Libri, or Physicks, that they were ἐκδεδομένοι καὶμὴἐκδεδομένοι. Nor is it likely that he who was so little satisfied with his own notion of Nature as being the Cause of all Motion and Rest, as seemingly to desert it while he placeth so many Intelligences about the Heavens, could much please himself with such a gross conceit of meer Matter, that that should be the true Moving and Sentient Entelech of some other Matter; as it is manifest he did not.
But indeed Lucretius himself, though he could in a jolly fit of his overflush'd and fiery fansy tell us,
Et sapere, & doctis rationem reddere dictis,
Et ridere potest non ex ridentibu' factus,
Non ex seminibus sapientibus, atque disertis:
yet in more cool thoughts he found his common notions too sturdy to be so easily silenc'd; and therefore sets his wits a-work to find the most Quintessential particles of Matter that may be, that might doe that feat, which those smooth Spherical bodies, Calor, Aer and Ventus (for all come into this composition) could not doe: and this was of such a subtile and exalted nature, that his earthly fansy could not comprehend it, and therefore he confesses plainly he could not tell what name to give it, though for want of a better he called it Mobilem vim, as neither his Master before him, whose was pleased to compound the Soul (as Plutarch relates) of four ingredients, ἐκ ποιοῦπυρώδους, ἐκ ποιοῦἀερώδους, ἐκ ποιοῦπνευματικοῦ, ἐκ τετ́αρτου τὶνος ἀκατονομάστου ὃἠν αὐτῳαἐσθητικόν. But because
13 ἐκδεδομένοι καὶμὴἐκδεδομένοι ] "made public, but not made public"; the phrase comes from Aristotle's letter to Alexander the Great as related in Noctes Atticae, XX.5.12 21–24
Et sapere, & doctis rationem reddere dictis,
Et ridere potest non ex ridentibu' factus,
Non ex seminibus sapientibus, atque disertis: ] "a man can laugh, though he has not the increment of laughing atoms, and can think and give reasons with learned lore, though he be not made of seeds thoughtful and eloquent"; de rerum natura, II.986-8.
32 Mobilem vim ] "moving force"
28 Calor, Aer and Ventus ] "warmth, air and wind or spirit"
34–35 ἐκ ποιοῦπυρώδους, ἐκ ποιοῦἀερώδους, ἐκ ποιοῦπνευματικοῦ, ἐκ τετ́αρτου τὶνος ἀκα-
14–15 Nature as being the Cause of all Motion and Rest ] Aristotle says that "nature is a source or cause of being moved and of being at rest" in Physics, II.1. 922b
15–16 while he placeth so many Intelligences about the Heavens ] recalling, perhaps, Metaphysics, XII.1073a
this Giant-like Proteus found himself here bound with such strong cords, that notwithstanding all his struggling he could by no means break them off from him, we shall relate his own words the more largely. I find them lib.3.
5 Sic calor, atque aer, & venti cæca potestas Mista creant unam naturam, & mobilis illa Vis, initîum motus ab se quæ dividit ollis: Sensifer unde oritur primùm per viscera motus. Nam penitus prorsum latet hæc natura, subéstque; 10 Nec magis hac infra quidquam est in corpore nostro; Atque anima'st animæ proporrò totius ipsa. Quod genus in nostris embris & corpore toto Mista latens animi vis est, animæque potestas, Corporibus quia de parvis paucisque creata est. 15 Sic tibi nominis hæc expers vis, facta minutis Corporibus, latet -
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Thus we see how he found himself overmaster'd with difficulties, while he endeavoured to find the place of the Sensitive powers in Matter: & yet this is the highest that he dares aim at, namely to prove that the Sensations might thence derive its Original, as stiffly opposing any Higher power of Reason; which we shall in lucro ponere against another time.
τονομάστου ὃἠν αὐτῳαἐσθητικόν ] "is made of a fiery quality, of a quality like air, of a quality like wind, and of a fourth which has no name, which is itself sensitive"; de placitis philosophorum, IV.3.898d.
21 in lucro ponere ] "count as a gain"; Estienne Dolet glossed the phrase in Cicero Pro
4–16 Sic calor, atque aer ...Corporibus, latet - ] "Thus the heat and the air and the unseen power of the spirit ("ventus") mixed together produce a single nature, together with that nimble force which transmits to them from itself the origin of motion; by which means sense-giving motion first take its rise through he fleshly frame. For this nature lurks secreted in its inmost depths, and nothing in our body is farther beneath our ken than it, and more than this it is the every soul of the whole soul. Just in the same way as the power of the mind and the function of the soul are latent in our limbs and throughout our body, because they are each formed of small and few bodies, even so, you are to know, this nameless power made of minute bodies is concealed ..."; de rerum nature, III, 269-280.
1–3 this Giant-like Proteus found himself here bound with such strong cords, that notwithstanding all his struggling he could by no means break them off from him ] One version of the story of how Proteus can be compelled, by binding him, to show himself in his own shape, and to tell the truth, is told in the Odyssey, IV.400ff. cf. above, p. 165.
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But surely had not the Epicureans abandoned all Logick together with some other Sciences (as Tully and Laertius tell us they did) they would here have found themselves too much prest with this Argument, (which yet some will think to be but levis armaturæ in respect of some other) and have found it as little short of a Demonstration to prove the Soules Immortality as the Platonists themselves did: But herein how they dealt, Plotinus hath well observed of them all who denied Lives and Souls to be immortal, which he asserts, and make them nothing but Bodies, that when they were pinch'd with the strength of any Argument fetchd frõ the φύσις δραστήριος of the Soul, it was usuall amongst them to call this Body πνεῦμα πῶς ἔχον, or Ventus certo quodam modo se habens; to which he well replies, τί τὸπολυθρύλλητον αὐτοῖς πως ἔχον, ἐις ὃκαταφεύγουσιν ἀναγκαζόμενοι τίθεσθαι ἄλλην παρὰτὰσώματα φύσιν δραστήριον. Where by this φύσιν δραστήριον seems to be nothing meant but that same thing which Lucretius called vim mobilem, and he would not allow it to be any thing else but a Body, though what kind of Body he could not tell: yet by it he understands not meerly an Active power of motion, but a more subtile Energie, whereby the force and nature of any motion is perceived and insinuated by its own strength in the bodies moved; as if these sorry Bod-
Flacco, 40: quod velut praeter spem eveniebat - something more than was hoped for. Doletus, Commentariorum linguae latinae tomus primus, col. 1603.
7 Plotinus hath well observed ] in Enneads, IV.7.4.
4 levis armaturæ ] "lightly armoured"; cf. Caesar, de bello Gallico, 2.10.1.
10 φύσις δραστήριος ] "active nature"; Enneads, IV.7.4.
11 Ventus certo quodam modo se habens ] "spirit which exists in a certain way"; Ficino's Latin version of Enneads, IV.7.4 reads "spiritus", not "ventus" Ficino, Theologica platonica de immortalitate animae,p.275 - hence HGW's silent emendation.
11 πνεῦμα πῶς ἔχον ] "spirit in a certain state"; Enneads, IV.7.4.
12–13 τί τὸπολυθρύλλητον αὐτοῖς πως ἔχον, ἐις ὃκαταφεύγουσιν ἀναγκαζόμενοι τίθεσθαι ἄλλην παρὰτὰσώματα φύσιν δραστήριον ] "what is this 'character' which they are always talking about, in which they take refuge when they are compelled to posit another working principle besides bodies?"; Enneads, IV.7.4.
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vim mobilem
] cf. above, p. 173.
2 as Tully and Laertius tell us ] Recalling, perhaps, Cicero, academica, 2.30.97, de finibus, I.7.22 and I.19.63, and Diogenes Laertius' Lives of Eminent Philosophers, 10.30, 31.
8 which he asserts, ] a parenthetical comment, i.e. Plotinus asserts the immortality of lives and souls.
ies by their impetuous justling together could awaken one another out of their drowsie Lethargie, and make each other hear their mutuall impetuous knocks: which is as absurd as to think a Musical instrument should hear its own sounds, and take pleasure in those harmonious aires that 5 are plai'd upon it. For that which we call Sensation, is not the Motion or Impression which one Body makes upon another, but a Recognition of that Motion; and therefore to attribute that to a Body, is to make a Body privy to its own acts and passions, to act upon itself, and to have a true and proper self-feeling virtue; which Porphyrie hath elegantly expressed, 10 ὅταν τὸζῶον αἰσθάνηται, ἔοικεν ἡμὲν ψυχὴἁρμονία χωριστῇἐξ ἑαυτῆς τὰς χορδὰς κινοούσῃἡρμοσμένας· τῇδὲἐν ταῖς χορδαῖς ἁρμονίᾳἀχωρίστῳτὸσῶμα, In the sensations of living creatures the Soul moves, as if unbodied Harmony her self should play upon an Instrument, and smartly touch the well-tuned strings: but the Body is like that Harmony which dwells inseparably in the 15 strings themselves which have no perception of it.
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Thus we should now leave this Topick of our Demonstration, onely we shall adde this as an Appendix to it, which will further manifest the Souls Incorporeal and Immaterial nature, that is, That there is a Higher Principle of knowledge in man then meer Sense, neither is that the sole Original of all that Science that breaks forth in the minds of men; which yet Lucretius maintains, as being afraid lest he should be awaken'd out of this pleasant dreame of his, should any Higher power rouse his sleepy
10–11 ὅταν τὸζῶον αἰσθάνηται, ἔοικεν ἡμὲν ψυχὴἁρμονία χωριστῇἐξ ἑαυτῆς τὰς χορδὰς κινοούσῃἡρμοσμένας· τῇδὲἐν ταῖς χορδαῖς ἁρμονίᾳἀχωρίστῳτὸσῶμα ] Taylor translates: "when the animal perceives sensibly, the soul (i.e. the rational soul) appears to be similar to separate harmony, of itself moving the chords adapted to harmony; but the body is similar to the inseparable harmony in the chords (i.e. to the harmony which cannot exist separate from the chords)." T. Taylor, Select Works of Porphyry, pp. 207-8; Porphyry, sententiae, I.19.
9 Porphyrie ] The Neoplatonic philosopher (c.233-309 AD) from Tyre is most famous as the editor of Plotinus. The notion of an indwelling harmony was a favourite Neoplatonic speculation. Cudworth was particularly fascinated; cf. Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe, pp. 155, 158 etc; Cudworth, A Treatise Concerning Eternal and Immutable Morality, p.182; and his important formulation in Cudworth, A Sermon Preached to the Honourable Society of Lincolnes-Inne, pp.35f. For Whichote's very different use of the word, cf. Whichcote, Several Discourses, IV, pp.71, 73, 148, 230-1 etc.
22–1 sleepy Soul ] cf. the reference above to "Lethargie".
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Soul: and therefore he thus layes down the opinion of his Sect, Invenies primis ab sensibus esse creatam Notitiam veri, neque sensus posse refelli: Nam majore fide debet reperirier illud, Sponte sua veris quod possit vincere falsa.
Quæram, quom in rebus veri nil viderit ante;
But yet this goodly Champion doth but lay siege to his own Reason, and endeavour to storm the main fort thereof, which but just before he defended against the Scepticks who maintained that opinion, That nothing could be known; to which he having replied by that vulgar Argument, That if nothing can be known, then neither doe we know this That we know nothing; he pursues them more closely with another, That neither could they know what it is to know, or what it is to be ignorant,
Unde sciat, quid sit scire, & nescire vicissim:
But yet if our Senses were the onely Judges of things, this Reflex knowledge whereby we know what it is to know, would be as impossible as he makes it for Sense to have Innate Idea's of its own, antecedent to those stamps which the Radiations of external Objects imprint upon it. For this knowledge must be antecedent to all that judgement which we pass upon any Sensatum, seeing except we first know what it is to know, we could not judge or determine aright upon the approach of any of these Idola to our Senses.
Notitiam veri quæ res falsíque crearit
23–27 Invenies primis ab sensibus ... possit vincere falsa. ] "You will find that from the senses first has proceeded the knowledge of the true and that the senses cannot be refuted. For then that something ought to be discovered which is of greater credit then they, able of itself to refute things false by true things"; de rerum nature, IV.478-81.
Quæram, quom in rebus veri nil viderit ante;
34–37
Unde sciat, quid sit scire, & nescire vicissim:
Notitiam veri quæ res falsíque crearit ] "I would still put this question, since he has never yet seen any truth in things, whence he knows what knowing and not knowing severally are, and what it is that has produced the knowledge of the true and the false"; de rerum natura, IV. 474-6.
44 Idola ] cf. Diogenes Laertius' account of the Stoic use of the term phantasia in Lives of the Eminent Philosophers, VII.45ff. Besides providing the parallel between sense and imagination which Smith assumes, the Stoics argued for clarity and distinctness as criteria for judging the truth of impressions. The images of the seal used by Diogenes Laertius recur. For Plotinus' criticism of the metaphor see below XXX..
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But yet our Author may perhaps yet seem to make a more full confession for us in these two points.
First, That no sense can judge another's objects, nor convince it of any mistake,
Nec porrò poterunt ipsi reprehendere sese..
Non possunt alios alii convincere sensus,
If therefore there be any such thing within us as controlls our Senses, as all know there is; then must that be of an Higher nature then our Senses are.
But secondly, he grants further, That all our Sensation is nothing else but Perception, and therefore wheresoever there is any hallucination, that must arise from something else within us besides the power of sense,
Propter opinatus animi, quos addimus ipsi,
- quoniam pars horum maxima fallit
Pro visis ut sint, quæ non sunt sensibu' visa.
In which words he hath very happily lighted upon the proper function of Sense, and the true reason of all those mistakes which we call the Deceptions of Sense, which indeed are not truely so, seeing they arise onely from a Higher Faculty, and consist not in Sensation it self, but in those deductions and Corollaries that our Judgements draw from it.
We shall therefore grant that which the Epicurean philosophy, and the
4–6
Nec porrò poterunt ipsi reprehendere sese. ] "any one sense cannot confute another. No nor can any sense take itself to task"; de rerum natura, IV.496-7. Diogenes Laertius argues the point more fully: "one sensation cannot convict another and kindred sensation, for they are equally valid; not can one sensation refute another which is not kindred but heterogeneous, for the objects which the two senses judge are not the same" (Lives, 10.32).
Non possunt alios alii convincere sensus,
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Propter opinatus animi, quos addimus ipsi,
- quoniam pars horum maxima fallit
Pro visis ut sint, quæ non sunt sensibu' visa. ] "since the greatest part of these cases cheats us on account of the mental suppositions which we add of ourselves, taking those things as seen which have not been seen by the senses"; de rerum nature, IV.464-66.
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Peripatetick too, though not without much caution, pleads for universally, That our Senses are never deceived, whether they be sani or læsi, sound or distempered, or whatsoever proportion or distance the Object or medium bears to it: for if we well scan this business, we shall find that nothing of Judgement belongs to Sense, it consisting onely ἐν αἰσθητηρίῳπάθει in Perception; neither can it make any just observation of those Objects that are without, but onely discerns its own passions, and is nothing else but γνῶσις τῶν παθῶν, and tells how it finds it self affected, and not what is the true cause of those impressions which it finds within it self; (which seems to be the reason of that old Philosophical maxim recited by Aristotle l.3. de Anima, cap.2. οὔτε μέλαν εἶναι ἄνευ ὄψεωσ, οὐδὲχυμὸν ἄνευ γεύσεωσ, that these simulacra were only in our senses; which notion a late Author hath pursued:) and therefore when the Eye finds the Sun's circle represented within it self of no greater a bigness then a foot-diameter, it is not at all
2 sani or læsi ] "healthy" or "injured"
8 γνῶσις τῶν παθῶν ] "knowledge of what happens"; cf.Proclus, Commentary on the "Timaeus", 76c.
5 ἐν αἰσθητηρίῳπάθει ] "in what happens to the sense organ"; cf. Proclus, Commentary on the "Timaeus", 76e.
11 οὔτε μέλαν εἶναι ἄνευ ὄψεωσ, οὐδὲχυμὸν ἄνευ γεύσεωσ ] "without sight there was no black, without taste no savour"; adapted from Aristotle, de anima, III.2.426a. 12 simulacra ] "images"
8 γνῶσις τῶν παθῶν ] cf. Cudworth, A Treatise Concerning Eternal and Immutable Morality, p.79, where sensations are "not passively stamped or imprinted upon the Soul from without in the same manner that a signature is upon a piece of Wax", but "must needs arise partly from some Inward Vital Energy of the Soul itself, being Phantasms of the Soul, or several modes of Cogitation or Perception in it. For which cause some of the Platonists would not allow sensations to by Passions of the Soul, but only Active Knowledge of the Passions of the Body (παθϖν γνϖσεις)."
13–1 when the Eye finds the Sun's circle represented within it self of no greater a bigness then a foot-diameter, it is not at all herein mistaken ] Proclus asks, "what is it in us which judges and says, that the sight is deceived when it asserts that the sun is but a foot in diameter, and that the taste which pronounces honey to be bitter, is the taste of those that are diseased", ( Commentary on the "Timaeus", 76e).
10 that old Philosophical maxim recited by Aristotle ] The implication is, as elsewhere, that Aristotle is the instrument of a long tradition, rather than an authority in his own right. 12 a late Author ] Rather than the succint account of the senses in Descartes, Principia philosphiae, 4.189, p. 297-8, Smith may well have in mind the discussion in Gassendi, De apparente magnitudine solis humilis et sublimis epistolae, Epistle IIII, IX and X (pp. 186ff). Smith's copy is still in Queens' Library.
herein mistaken; nor a distempered Palate, when it tasts a bitterness in the sweetest honey, as Proclus a famous Mathematician and Platonist hath well determined, in Plat. Tim. αἱγὰρ αἰσθήσεις τὸἑαυτῶν ἀπαγγέλλουσι πάθημα, καὶοὐπάντα ψεύδονται , The Senses in all things of this nature doe 5 but declare their own passions or perceptions, which are alwaies such as they seem to be, whether there be any such parallelum signaculum in the Object as bears a true analogie with them or not: and therefore in truth they are never deceived in the execution of their own functions. And so doth Aristotle l.3 de Anima, c.3. conclude, That errour is neither 10 in Sense nor Phansy, οὐδαὶὑπάρχει ᾧμὴκαὶλόγος, it is in no Facultie but onely that in which is Reason. Though it be as true on the other side, that Epicurus & all his Sect were deceived, while they judged the Sun and Moon and all the Starrs to be no bigger then that Picture and Image which they found of them in their own Eyes; for which silly conceit 15 though they had been for many Ages sufficiently laugh'd at by wise men, yet could not Lucretius tell how to enlarge his own fancy, but believes the Idolum in his own Visive organ to be adequate to the Sun it self, in
3–4 αἱγὰρ αἰσθήσεις τὸἑαυτῶν ἀπαγγέλλουσι πάθημα, καὶοὐπάντα ψεύδονται ] "for the senses frequently announce various passions, and not such as things of this kind are in themselves"; cf. Proclus, Commentary on the "Timaeus", 76e 6 parallelum signaculum ] "parallel little sign"
10 οὐδαὶὑπάρχει ᾧμὴκαὶλόγος ] "thought belongs to no animal which has not reasoning power"; Aristotle, de anima, III.3.427b. HGW argues that the context implies a misunderstanding by Smith, and summarises Aristotle: "Perceptions by the sense (says he) are true, and are the property of all animals; but it is possible to make a false use of the imagination which is possessed by none in whom reason does not exist." 17 Idolum ] "image"
6–7 whether there be any such parallelum signaculum in the Object as bears a true analogie with them or not ] Descartes thought not; cf. Principia philosophiae Descartes, Principia philosphiae, 4.197, p.302-3.
16–17 yet could not Lucretius tell how to enlarge his own fancy, but believes the Idolum in his own Visive organ to be adequate to the Sun it self ] cf. Lucretius, de rerum naturae, V.565.
12–14 Epicurus & all his Sect were deceived, while they judged the Sun and Moon and all the Starrs to be no bigger then that Picture and Image which they found of them in their own Eyes ] cf. Cicero, de finibus, I.20, reports that "Democritus, being an educated man and well versed in geometry, thinks the sun is of vast size; Epicurus considers it perhaps a foot in diameter, for he pronounces it to be exactly as large as it appears, or a little larger or smaller." cf. Lucretius, de rerum nature, V.564ff.; for Descartes' comment, see the epistola authoris in Principia philosophiae; see also Gassendi, De apparente magnitudine solis humilis et sublimis epistolae, Epistola IIII, for his discussion.
despight of all Mathematicall demonstration; as indeed he must needs, if there were no Higher principle of knowledge then Sense is, which is the most indisciplinable thing that may be, and can never be taught that Truth which Reason and Understanding might attempt to force into it. αἴσθησις 5 κᾂν μυριάκις ἀκούῃτοῦλόγου λέγοντος ὅτι μείζων ὁἥλιος τῆς γῆς, &c. Though Reason inculcates this notion ten thousand times over, That the Sun is bigger then the Earth, yet will not the Eye be taught to see it any bigger then a foot breadth: and therefore he rightly calls it, as all the Platonical and Stoical philosophie doth, ἄλογόν τι, and it may well be put among the 10 rest of the Stoicks ἄλογα πάθη .
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Thus I hope by this time we have found out κρείττοντά τινα τῆς αἰσθήσεος δύναμιν , some more noble Power in the Soul then that is by which it accommodates it self to the Body, and according to the measure and proportion thereof converseth with External Matter. And this is the true reason why we are so apt to be mistaken in Sensible objects, because our Souls sucking in the knowledge of external things thereby, and not minding the proportion that is between the Body and them, mindless of its own notions, collates their corporeal impressions with externall objects themselves, and judgeth of them one by another. But whensoever our Souls act in their own power and strength, untwisting themselves from all corporeal complications, they then can find confidence enough to judge of things in a seeming contradiction to all those other visa corporea.
And so I suppose this Argument will amount to no lesse then a Demonstration of the Soul's Immateriality, seeing to all sincere understanding it
4–5 αἴσθησις κᾂν μυριάκις ἀκούῃτοῦλόγου λέγοντος ὅτι μείζων ὁἥλιος τῆς γῆς, &c. ] "But sense though it should hear reason ten thousand times asserting that the sun is greater than the earth, yet would still see it to be a foot in diameter, and would not otherwise announce it to us;" Proclus, Commentary on the "Timaeus",77a.
11–12 κρείττοντά τινα τῆς αἰσθήσεος δύναμιν ] "a certain power superior to the senses"; Proclus, Commentary on the "Timaeus",76e.
9 ἄλογόν τι ] "something unreasoning"; cf. Proclus, Commentary on the "Timaeus",76f. 10 ἄλογα πάθη ] "irrational feelings"; cf. Aristotle, ethica Nichomacea, 1111b.
22
visa corporea
] "bodily images".
14–19 this is the true reason ... one by another ] Descartes explains; "We have all, without exception, from our youth judged that all the things we perceived by our senses had an existence beyond our thought, and that they were entirely similar to the sensation, that is, perceptions we had of them" in Descartes, Principia philosphiae, 1.66, p. 26.
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is necessary that it should thus abstract it self from all corporeal commerce, and return from thence nearer into it self.
Now what we have to this purpose more generally intimated, we shall further branch out in these two or three Particulars.
First, That that Mental faculty and power whereby we judge and discern things, is so far from being a Body, that it must retract and withdraw it self from all Bodily operation whensoever it will nakedly discern Truth. For should our Souls alwaies mould their judgment of things according to those παθήματα and impressions which seem to be framed thereof in the Body, they must then doe nothing else but chain up Errours and Delusions one with another in stead of Truth: as should the judgements of our Understandings wholly depend upon the sight of our Eyes, we should then conclude that our meer accesses and recesses from any Visible Object have such a Magical power to change the magnitudes of Visible Objects, and to transform them into all varieties of figures & fashions; and so attribute all that variety to them which we find in our corporal perceptions. Or should we judge of Gustables by our Tast, we should attribute to one and the self-same thing all that variety which we find in our own Palates. Which is an unquestionable Argument That that Power whereby we discern of things and make judgments of them different and sometimes contrary to those perceptions that are the necessary results of all Organical functions, is something distinct from the Body; and therefore though the Soul, as Plato hath well observed, be μεριστὴπερὶ̀ τὰσώματα, various and divisible accidentally in these Sensations and Motions wherein it extends and spreads it self as it were upon the Body, and so according to the nature and measure thereof perceives its impressions; yet it is ἐν ἑαυ-
9 παθήματα ] "things that are learnt"
26–1 ἐν ἑαυτῇἀμερίστη ] "in itself indivisible".
23 μεριστὴπερὶ̀ τὰσώματα ] "divisible in bodies"; adapted from Timaeus, 35a.
17–19 should we judge of Gustables by our Tast, we should attribute to one and the selfsame thing all that variety which we find in our own Palates ] As Descartes observes in Principia Philosophiae Descartes, Principia philosphiae, 1.71, p.29.
23 μεριστὴπερὶ̀ τὰσώματα ] Smith adopts the language of the language of the Timaeus, where the "being which is indivisible and unchangeable" is "compounded" with "that kind which is distributed among bodies"; "the indivisible kind" with "that which is proportioned out in bodies" (35a). cf. Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe, pp.824f.
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τῇἀμερίστη indivisible, returning into itself. Whensoever it will speculate Truth it self, it will not then listen to the several clamours and votes of these rude Senses which alwaies speak with divided tongues; but it consults some clearer Oracle within itself: and therefore Plotinus, Enn.4.l.3. hath well concluded concerning the Body, ἐμπόδιον τοῦτο, εἴτισ αὐτῷἐν ταῖς σκέψεσι προσχρῶτο, should a man make use of his Body in his Speculations, it will entangle his mind with so many contradictions, that it will be impossible to attain to any true knowledge of things. We shall conclude this therefore, as Tully doth his Contemplation of the Soules operations about the frame of Nature, the fabrick of the Heavens and motions of the Stars, Animus qui hæc intelligit, similis est ejus qui ea fabricatus in cœlo est .
Secondly, We also find such a Faculty within our own Souls as collects and unites all the Perceptions of our several Senses, and is able to compare them together; something in which they all meet as in one Centre: which Plotinus hath well expressed, δεῖτοῦτο ὥσπερ κέντρον εἶναι· γραμμὰς δ̀ συλλαβούσας ἐκ περιφεπέιας κύκλου, τὰς πρανταχόθεν αἰσθήσεις πρὸς τοῦτο περαίνειν, καὶτοιοῦτον τὸἀντιλαμβανόμενον εἶναι ἓν ὄυτως, That in which all those several Sensations meet as so many Lines drawn from several points in the Circumference, and which comprehends them all, must needs be One. For should that be various and consisting of several parts, which thus receives all these various impressions, then must the sentence and judgment passed upon them be various too. Aristotle in his de Anima, Δεῖτὸἒν λέγειν ὅ, τι ἕτερον, That must be one that judgeth things to be
31–32 ἐμπόδιον τοῦτο, εἴτισ αὐτῷἐν ταῖς σκέψεσι προσχρῶτο ] "it is detrimental to any thinking on which it it is allowed to intrude"; Enneads, IV.3.19.
42–44 δεῖτοῦτο ὥσπερ κέντρον εἶναι· γραμμὰς δ̀ συλλαβούσας ἐκ περιφεπέιας κύκλου, τὰς πρανταχόθεν αἰσθήσεις πρὸς τοῦτο περαίνειν, καὶτοιοῦτον τὸἀντιλαμβανόμενον εἶναι ἓν ὄυτως ] "this principle is, as it were, a centre, and the particular sensations like lines which are directed from the circumference towards this centre. This central principal is essentially one." Enneads, IV.7.6.
37–38 Animus qui hæc intelligit, similis est ejus qui ea fabricatus in cœlo est ] "the soul which has understood these things, is like his who made them in heaven"; adapted from Tusculanae disputationes, I.26.
50 Δεῖτὸἒν λέγειν ὅ, τι ἕτερον ] "that which says there is a difference must be one"; Aristotle, de anima, III.2. 426b.
28–29 the several clamours and votes of these rude Senses which alwaies speak with divided tongues ] As elsewhere, Smith's language is coloured by his times.
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diverse; and that must judge too ἐν ἀρχωρίστῳχρόνω, setting all before it at once. Besides we could not conceive how such an immense variety of impressions could be made upon any piece of Matter, which should not obliterate and deface one another. And therefore Plotinus hath well disputed against them who make all Sensation τυπώσεις καὶἐνσφραγίσεις ἐν ψυχῇ· which brings me to the third.
Thirdly, That Knowledge which the Soul retains in it self of things past, and in some sort Prevision of things to come, whereby many grow so sagacious in fore-seeing future Events, that they know how to deliberate and dispose of present affairs, so as to be ready furnished and prepared for such Emergencies as they see in a train and Series of Causes which sometimes work but contingently: I cannot think Epicurus himself could in his cool thoughts be so unreasonable as to perswade himself, that all the shuffling & cutting of Atomes could produce such a Divine piece of Wisdom as this is. What Matter can thus bind up Past, Present and Future time together? which while the Soul of man doth, it seems to imitate (as far as its own finite nature will permit it to strive after an imitation of) God's eternity: and grasping and gathering together a long Series of duration into it self, makes an essay to free it self from the rigid laws of it, and to purchase to it self the freedome of a true Eternity. And as by its χρονικοὶπρόοδοι (as the Platonists are wont to speak) its Chronical
1 ἐν ἀρχωρίστῳχρόνω ] "in undivided time"; Aristotle, de anima, III.2. 426b.
21 χρονικοὶπρόοδοι ] "temporal processions"; perhaps recalling Plotinus' discussion in Enneads, 3,7, 11.
5–6 τυπώσεις καὶἐνσφραγίσεις ἐν ψυχῇ· ] "the impressions and prints of seals in the soul"; Enneads, IV.6.1.
5–6 τυπώσεις καὶἐνσφραγίσεις ἐν ψυχῇ· ] Notwithstanding such implicit approval of Plotinus' position, which he supports by arguments from the nature of memory, the Cambridge Platonists remained faithful to the traditional metaphors of "stamps", "seal" and "impressions". 14 the shuffling & cutting of Atomes ] The metaphor of atoms in a universal game of cards reflects, of course, the Epicurean doctrine of creation by a "fortuitous concourse" of atoms.
15–16 Past, Present and Future time ] The idea of three times, "a present time of past things; a present time of present things; and a present time of future things", all of of which are contained in the nunc stans of eternity, and are divided to man, as memory, sight , and expectation, is thoroughly Augustinian ; cf. Confessions, XI.14ff. For Cudworth's "imitation of eternity", see Gysi, Platonism and Cartesianism in the Philosophy of Ralph Cudworth, p.2.
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and successive operations, it unravels and unfolds the contexture of its own indefinite intellectual powers by degrees; so by this Memory and Prevision it recollects and twists them up all together again into it self. And though it seems to be continually sliding from it self in those several vicissitudes and changes which it runs through in the constant variety of its own Effluxes and Emanations; yet is it alwaies returning back again to its first Original by a swift remembrance of all those motions and multiplicity of operations which have begot in it the first sense of this constant flux. As if we should see a Sun-beam perpetually flowing forth from the bright body of the Sun, and yet ever returning back to it again; it never loseth any part of its Being, because it never forgets what it self was: and though it may number out never so vast a length of its duration, yet it never comes nearer to its old age, but carrieth a lively sense of its youth and infancy, which it can at pleasure lay a fast hold on, along with it.
But if our Souls were nothing else but a Complex of fluid Atomes, how should we be continually roving and sliding from our selves, and soon forget what once we were? The new Matter that would come in to fill up that Vacuity which the Old had made by its departure, would never know what the Old were, nor what that should be that would succeed that: ὥσπερ ξένη φυχὴαὕτη ἐν ἀγνοίᾳἔσται, ὠν ἡἑτέρα οἰδε, καὶὥσπερ ὁ ἄλλος ὄργος ἡμῶν, that new pilgrim and stranger-like Soul would alwaies
20–21 ὥσπερ ξένη φυχὴαὕτη ἐν ἀγνοίᾳἔσται, ὠν ἡἑτέρα οἰδε, καὶὥσπερ ὁἄλλος ὄργος ἡμῶν ] Adapted from Enneads, IV.7.5.: "a soul which will remain, as it were, foreign to the former one, and which will not have the same knowledge, and be, so to speak another, another physical mass".
2–8 so by this Memory ... this constant flux ] cf. Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe, p.645: "the Duration of every thing, must of necessity be agreable to its Nature; and therefore, As that who Imperfect Nature is ever Flowing like a River, and consists in Continual Motion and Changes one after another, must needs have accordingly a Successive and Flowing Duration, sliding perpetually from Present into Past, and always posting on towards the Future, expecting Some thing of it self, which is not yet in being, but to come: So must that, whose Perfect Nature, is Essentially Immutable, and always the Same, and Necessarily Existent, have a Permanent Duration; never losing any thing of it self once Present, as sliding away from it; nor yet running forwards to meet something of it self before, which is not yet in being."
9–10 As if we should see ... back to it again ] A classic expression of the pattern of emanation in a characteristically dynamic image. Some of the Christian and Platonist analogies and implications are discussed in the Introduction, p.XXX
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be ignorant of what the other before it knew, and we should be wholly some other bulk of Being then we were before, as Plotinus hath excellently observed Enn.4.l.7.c.5. It was a famous speech of wise Heraclitus, εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν ποταμὸν δὶσ οὐκ ἂν ἐμβαίης, a mancannot enter twice into the same River: by which he was wont symbolically to express the constant flux of Matter, which is the most unstable thing that may be. And if Epicurus could free this Heap of refined Atomes, which it makes the Soul to be, from this inconstant and flitting nature, and teach us how it could be μόνιμον τὶ some stable and immutable thing, alwaies resting entire while it is in the Body: though we would thank him for such a good conceit as this is, yet we would make no doubt but it might as well be able to preserve it self from dissolution and dissipation out of this gross Body, as in it: seeing it is no more secured from the constant impulses of that more gross Matter which is restlessly moving up and down in the Body, then it is out of it: and yet for all that we should take the leave to ask Tully's question with his sober disdain, Quid, obsecro, terrâne tibi aut hoc nebuloso & caliginoso cœno aut sata aut concreta videtur tanta vis memoriæ? Such a jewel as this is too precious to be found in a dunghill: meer Matter could never thus stretch forth its feeble force, & spread it self over all its own former præexistencies. We may as well suppose this dull and heavy Earth we tread upon to know how long it hath dwelt in this part of the Universe that now it doth, and what variety of Creatures have in all past Ages sprung
3–4 εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν ποταμὸν δὶσ οὐκ ἂν ἐμβαίης ] "No man ever steps into the same river twice."
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Tully
] Cicero
8 μόνιμον τὶ ] "something stable".
16–17 Quid, obsecro, terrâne tibi aut hoc nebuloso & caliginoso cœno aut sata aut concreta videtur tanta vis memoriæ? ] "I beseech you: can you imagine this wonderful power of memory to be sown in or to be a part of the composition of the earth, or of this dark and gloomy atmosphere?" cf. Cicero, Tusculanae disputationes, I.25.60:
3–4 εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν ποταμὸν δὶσ οὐκ ἂν ἐμβαίης ] Allusions to this famous remark are frequent and various, from Plato's Cratylus (401d, 402a), but a comprehensive collection may be found in Marcovich's editio maior of Heraclitus (Merida, Venezuela, 1967). Smith's source was Simplicius' Commentary on the Physics of Aristotle (Marcovich 40c6, p.202). Plutarch cites a slightly different version in On the E at Delphi, 392b.
17–18 Such a jewel as this is too precious to be found in a dunghill ] recalling Aesop's fable of the cockerel and the jewel.
12 dissipation ] Dissipation, (Lat.) a consuming, Wasting, Scattering. Blount, Glossographia.
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forth from it, and all those occurences & events which have all this time happened upon it.
We have done with that which we intended for the First part of our Discourse of the Soul's Immortality: we have hitherto look'd at it rather in Concreto then in Abstracto, rather as a Thing complicated with and united to the Body; and therefore considered it in those Operations, which as they are not proper to the Body, so neither are they altogether independent upon it, but are rather of a mixt nature.
We shall now take notice of it in those Properties, in the exercise whereof it hath less commerce with the Body, and more plainly declares its own high descent to us, That it is able to subsist and act without the aid and assistance of this Matter which it informes.
And here we shall take that course that Aristotle did in his Books de Anima, and first of all inquire, Whether it hath ἲδιον τὶ, some kind of Action so proper and peculiar to it self, as not to depend upon the Body. And this soon offers it self in the first place to us in those Elicite motions of it, as the Moralists are wont to name them, which though they may end in those they call Imperate acts, yet have their first Emanation from nothing else but the Soul it self.
For this purpose we shall take notice of Two sorts of Actions which are obvious to the experience of every one that observes himself, according to a double Source & emanation of them, which a late Philosopher hath very
4–5 in Concreto then in Abstracto ] "in a concrete sense than in an abstract sense" 14 ἲδιον τὶ ] "something peculiar to itself"; cf. Aristotle, de anima, I.1.402a.
11–12 That it is able to subsist and act without the aid and assistance of this Matter which it informes ] cf. Enneads, IV.8.1.
18 Imperate acts ] The "imperate" acts of the will are those commanded by it. For Descartes' similar distinction between "actions of the Soul which terminate in the soul itselfe", and "actions which terminate in our Body", see Descartes, The Passions of the Soule, I.18, p.17. cf. Sir Matthew Hale's use of the distinction in The Primitive Origination of Mankind (London, 1677), p.29.
16 Elicite motions ] "Elicit" motions are those "evolved immediately from an active power or quantity; opposed to imperate" (OED). The elicit acts of the will are its internal acts, ie the volitions themselves.
22 a late Philosopher ] Perhaps Descartes, again.
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happily suggested to us. The first are those Actions which arise up within us without any Animadversion; the other are those that are consequent to it.
For we find frequently such Motions within our selves which first are, before we take notice of them, and which by their own turbulency and impetuousness force us to an Advertency: as those Fiery spirits and that inflamed Blood which sometimes fly up into the head; or those gross and Earthly Fumes that disturb our brains; the stirring of many other Humours which beget within us Grief, Melancholy, Anger, or Mirth, or other Passions; which have their rise from such Causes as we were not aware of, nor gave no consent to create this trouble to us. Besides all those Passions and Perceptions which are begotten within us by some externall motions which derives themselves through our Senses, and fiercely knocking at the door of our Minds and Understandings force them sometimes from their deepest debates & musings of some other thing, to open to them and give them an audience.
Now as to such Motions as these are, it being necessary for the preservation of our Bodies that our Souls should be acquainted with them, a mans Body was so contrived and his Soul so united to it, that they might have a speedy access to the Soul. Indeed some ancient Philosophers thought that the Soul descending more deeply into the Body, as they expresse it, first begot these corporeal motions unbeknown to it self by reason of its more deep immersion, which afterwards by their impetuousness excited its advertency. But whatsoever truth there is in that Assertion, we clearly find from the relation of our own Souls themselves, that our Soul disowns them, and ackowledgeth no such Motions to have been so busy by her commission; neither knows what they are, from whence they arise, or whither they tend, untill she hath duly examined them. But these Corporeal motions as they seem to arise from nothing else but meerly from the Machina of the Body it self; so they could
30 Machina of the Body ] "machinery"
1–3 The first are those Actions which arise up within us without any Animadversion; the other are those that are consequent to it ] cf., for example, Descartes' Principia Philosophiae, I,9; IV.190.
30 Machina of the Body ] The Cartesian implications of the phrase are inescapable.
6 Advertency ] Advertency. Heed, Carefulness, Attention (Blount, Glossographia).
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not at all be sensated but by the Soul.
Neither indeed are all our own Corporeal actions perceived by us, but onely those that may serve to maintain a good correspondence & intelligence between the Soul and Body, and so foment & cherish that Sympathy between them which is necessary for the subsistence and wellbeing of the whole man in this mundane state. And therefore there is very little of that which is commonly done in our Body, which our Souls are informed at all of. The constant Circulation of Blood through all our Veins and Arteries; the common motions of our Animal spirits in our Nerves; the maceration of Food within our Stomachs, and the distribution of Chyle and nourishment to every part that wants the relief of it; the constant flux and reflux of more sedate Humours within us; the dissipations of our corporeal Matter by insensible Transpiration, and the accesses of new in the room of it; all this we are little acquainted with by any vital energie which ariseth from the union of Soul and Body: and therefore when we would acquaint our selves with the Anatomy and vital functions of our own Bodies, we are fain to use the same course and method that we would to find our the same things in any other kind of Animal, as if our Souls had as little to doe with any of these in our Bodies, as they have in the Bodies of any other Brute creature.
But on the other side, we know as well, that many things that are done by us, are done at the dictate and by the commission of our own Wills; and therefore all such Actions as these are, we know, without any great store of Discoursive inquiry, to attribute to their own proper causes, as seeing the efflux and propagation of them. We doe not by a naked speculation know our Bodies first to have need of nourishment, and then by the Edict of our Wills injoyn our Spirits and Humours to put themselves into an hungry and craving posture within us by corroding the Tunicles of
9 Animal spirits ] "a certain aire, or exceeding subtle wind, which is tearmed the Animall spirits": Descartes, The Passions of the Soule, I.7, p.7.
10 Chyle ] "Chyle, the white Juice of digested Meat, the Matter whereof the Blood is made" Blount, Glossographia.
10 maceration ] "Maceration, (Lat.) a making lean, weakning or bringing down. Also soaking or steeping in some Liquor."Blount, Glossographia.
28 Tunicles ] Blount explains:"Tunicle, in Anatomy, a Membranous Coat covering any part of the Body" Blount, Glossographia.
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the Stomach; but first we find our own Souls sollicited by these motions, which yet we are able to gainsay, and to deny those petitions which they offer up to us. We know we commonly meditate and discourse of such Arguments as we our selves please: we mould designs, and draw up a plot of means answerable thereto, according as the free vote of our Soul determines; and use our own Bodies many times, notwithstanding all the reluctancies of their nature, onely as our Instruments to serve the will and pleasure of our Souls. All which as they evidently manifest a true Distinction between the Soul and the Body, so they doe as evidently prove the Supremacy and dominion which the Soul hath over the Body. Our Moralists frequently dispute what kind of government that is whereby the Soul, or rather Will, rules over the Sensitive Appetite, which they ordinarily resolve to be Imperium politicum; though I should rather say, that all good men have rather a true despotical power over their Sensitive faculties, and over the whole Body, though they use it onely according to the laws of Reason and Discretion. And therefore the Platonists and Stoicks thought the Soul of man to be absolutely freed from all the power of Astral Necessity, and uncontroulable impressions arising from the subordination and mutual Sympathie and Dependance of all mundane causes, which is their proper notion of Fate. Neither ever durst that bold Astrologie which presumes to tell the Fortunes of all corporeal Essences, attempt to enter into the secrets of man's Soul, or predict the destinies thereof. And indeed whatever the destinies thereof may be that are contained in the vast volume of an Infinite and Almighty Mind, yet we evidently find a τὸἐφʼη-
13 Imperium politicum ] "political control." 24–1 τὸἐφʼἡμῖν ] "something in our power"; cf.
14 despotical power ] cf. Proclus, in Timaeo, 175F.
24–1 τὸἐφʼἡμῖν ] cf. "We seem clearly to be led by the instincts of nature to think that there is something ἐφʼἡμῖν, In nostra potestate, In our own power (though dependently upon God Almighty), and that we are not altogether passive in our acting, nor determined by inevitable necessity in whatsoever we do." Cudworth, A treatise of Freewill, p.1. For a recent discussion of Cudworth's use of Stoicism, see John Sellars, "Stoics against Stoics in Cudworth's 'A Treatise of Freewill'", British Journal for the History of Philosophy 20 (5), pp. 935-52
20 that bold Astrologie ] cf. Cudworth's discusion in Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe, p.4ff. He eventually asserts that Origen's view, that "the Stars do not Make but Signifie", is "the best Sence that can be made out of Astrological Prognostication: but it is a business that stands upon a very weak and tottering, if not Impossible Foundation" (p.5). cf. Plotinus, II.3.
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̔μῖν, an ἀυτεξούσιον, a liberty of Will within our selves, maugre the stubborn malice of all Second Causes. And Aristotle, who seems to have disputed so much against that ἀυτοκινησία of Souls which his Master before him had soberly maintained, does indeed but quarrel with that common sense and Experience which we have of our Souls; this ἀυτοκινησία of the Soul being nothing else but that Innate force and power which it hath within it, to stir up such thoughts and motions within it self as it finds itself most free to. And therefore when we reflect upon the productions of our own Souls, we are soon able to find out the first Efficient cause of them. And though the subtilty of some Wits may have made it difficult to find out whether the Understanding or the Will or some other Facultie of the Soul be the First Mover, whence the motus primò primus (as they please to call it) proceeds; yet we know it is orginally the Soul it self whose vital acts they all are and although it be not ἀυτόθεν πρώτη the First Cause as deriving all its virtue from it self, as Simplicius distinguisheth in I. de An.cap. I. yet it is ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις φυσικὴ, vitally co-working with the First Causes of all. But on the other side, when we come to examine those Motions which arise from the Body, this stream runs so far under ground, that we know not how to trace it to the head of it; but we are fain to analyse the whole artifice, looking from the Spirits to the Blood, from that to the Heart, viewing all
25 ἀυτεξούσιον ] "something in one's own power"
36 motus primò primus ] "first movement of the first"
27 ἀυτοκινησία ] "power of moving themselves"
38 ἀυτόθεν πρώτη ] "spontaneously first"
40 ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις φυσικὴ ] "produced among the first"; Commentary on Aristotle's de anima, 7, 26, commenting on de anima I.1, 402a.
25–26 a liberty of Will within our selves, maugre the stubborn malice of all Second Causes ] cf. Cudworth, A treatise of Freewill, pp.31ff.
27–28 Master before him had soberly maintained ] Plato, of course. cf. Timaeus, 88e; Phaedrus, 245e; Laws X, 895c; etc.
26–28 Aristotle, who seems to have disputed so much against that ἀυτοκινησία of Souls which his Master before him had soberly maintained, ] Smith may be thinking of Aristotle's discussion in de anima, I,3, 406a-b.
34–36 whether the Understanding or the Will or some other Facultie of the Soul be the First Mover ] cf. the discussion in Cudworth, A treatise of Freewill, pp.20-1.
39 as Simplicius distinguisheth ] in his Commentary on Aristotle's de anima, 7, 26, commenting on de anima 402a.
37–38 yet we know it is orginally the Soul it self whose vital acts they all are ] cf. Cudworth, A treatise of Freewill, pp.26ff.
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along the Mechanical contrivance of Veins and Arteries: neither know we after all our search whether there by any Perpetuum mobile in our own Bodies, or whether all the motions thereof be onely by the redundancy of some external motions without us; nor how to find the First mover in nature; though we could find out that, yet we know that there is a Fatal determination which sits in all the wheels of meer Corporeal motion; neither can they exercise any such noble freedome as we constantly find in the Wills of men, which are as large and unbounded in all their Elections as Reason it self can represent Being it self to be.
Lucretius, that he might avoid the dint of this Argument, according to the Genius of his Sect feigns this Liberty to arise from a Motion of declination, whereby his Atomes alwaies moving downwards by their own weight towards the Centre of the World, are carried a little obliquely, as if they tended toward some point different from it, which he calls clinamen principiorum. Which riddle though it be as good as any else which they, who held the Materiality and Mortality of Souls in their own nature, can frame to salve this difficulty; yet it is of such a private interpretation, that I believe no Oedipus is able to expound it. But yet by what we may guesse at it, we shall easily find that this insolent conceit (and all else of this nature) destroys the Freedome of Will, more then any Fate which the severest censours thereof, whom he sometimes taxeth, ever set over it. For how can any thing be made subject to a free and impartial debate of Reason, or fall under the Level of Free-will, if all things be the meer result either of a Fortuitous or Fatal motion of Bodies, which can have no power or dominion over themselves? and why should he or his great Master find so much fault with the Superstition of the world, and condemn the Opinions of other men when they compare them with that transcendent sagacity they believe themselves to be the Lords of, if all was nothing else but the meer issue of Material motions; seeing that necessity which would arise from a different concourse and motion of several particles of
2 Perpetuum mobile ] "perpetual motion"
14–15 clinamen principiorum ] "deviations of the elementary particles"; de rerum natura, II, 292.
17 salve ] In the sense of "explain" or "overcome".
25 his great Master ] Epicurus.
18 Oedipus ] who, of course, solved the riddle of the sphinx.
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Matter begetting that diversity of Opinions and Wills, would excuse them all from any blame?
Therefore to conclude this Argument, Whatsoever Essence finds this Freedome within it self, whereby it is absolved from the rigid laws of Matter, may know it self also to be Immaterial; and having dominion over its own actions, it will never desert it self: and because it finds it self non vi alienâ sed suâ moveri, as Tully argues, it feels it self able to preserve it self from the forrein force of Matter, and can say of all those assaults which are at any time made against those sorry mud-walls which in this life inclose it, οὐδὲν πρὸς ἐμὲ, as the Stoick did, all this is nothing to me, who am yet free and can command within, when this feeble Carkass is able no longer to obey me; and when that is shattered and broken down, I can live any where else without it; for I was not That, but had onely a command over It, while I dwelt in it.
But before we wholly desert this Head, we may adde some further strength to it, from the Observation of that Conflict which the Reasons and Understandings of men maintain against the Sensitive appetite: and wheresoever the Higher powers of Reason in man's Soul prevail not, but are vanquish'd by the impetuousness of their Sensual affections through own neglect of themselves; yet are they never so broken, but they may strengthen themselves again: and where they subdue not men's inordinate Passions and Affections, yet even there will they condemn them for them. Whereas were a Man all of one piece, and made up of nothing else
6–7 non vi alienâ sed suâ moveri ] "to be moved not by some other power, but by its own"; adapted from Tusculanae disputations, I.23.
10 οὐδὲν πρὸς ἐμὲ ] "it is nothing to me"
10 the Stoick ] Epictetus, Encheiridion, I.1.
16–17 that Conflict which the Reasons and Understandings of men maintain against the Sensitive appetite ] cf. Descartes, "The Passions of the Soul", article 74: "And it is only in the repugnance of those motions, which the body by its spirits, and the Soul by her Wil, endeavour to excite at the same time in the kernell, that all the contestations which use to be imagined between the inferiour part of the Soul, called sensitive, and the superiour which is reasonable, or else between the naturall appetites and the Will, consist; for there is in us but only Soul only and this Soul hath no diversity of part sin it: the same which is sensible is rationall, and all her appetites are her Wills." Descartes, The Passions of the Soule, p.38.
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but Matter; these Corporeal motions could never check or controul themselves, these Material dimensions could not struggle with themselves, or by their own strength render themselves any thing else then what they are. But this ἀυτεξούσιος ζωὴ, as the Greeks call it, this Self-potent Life which is in the Soul of man, acting upon it self and drawing forth its own latent Energie, finds it self able to tame the outward man, and bring under those rebellious motions that arise from the meer Animal powers, and to tame and appease all those seditions and mutinies that it finds there. And if any can conceive all this to be nothing but a meer fighting of the male-contented pieces of Matter one against another, each striving for superiority and preeminence; I should not think it worth the while to teach such an one any higher learning, as looking upon him to be indued with no higher a Soul then that which moves in Beasts or Plants.
We shall now consider the Soul awhile in a further degree of Abstraction, and look at it in those Actions which depend not at all upon the body, wherein it doth τὴν ἑαυτοῦσυνουσίαν ἀσπάζεσθαι, as the Greeks speak, and converseth onely with its own Being. Which we shall first consider in those λόγοι μαθηματικοὶ or Mathematical notions which it conteins in it self, and sends forth from within it self; which as they are in themselves Indivisible, and of such a perfect nature as cannot be received or immersed into Matter; so they argue that Subject in which are seated to be of a true Spiritual and Immaterial nature. Such as a pure Point, Linea ἀπλατὴς, Latitude abstracted from all Profundity, the Perfection of Figures, Æquality, Proportion, Symmetry and Asymmetry of Magnitudes, the Rise and propagation of Dimensions, Infinite divisibility, and many such like things; which
4 ἀυτεξούσιος ζωὴ ] "autonomous life"
18 λόγοι μαθηματικοὶ ] "mathematical ideas"
16 τὴν ἑαυτοῦσυνουσίαν ἀσπάζεσθαι ] "embrace its own company"; Proclus, In Platonis Timaeum commentaria, II, 110.
22 Linea ἀπλατὴς ] "a line without breadth."
4 the Greeks ] St John of Damascus uses the phrase αὐτεξούσιος ζωή in Expositio Fidei, II,23, when he speaks of the " voluntary or rational and independent life which constitutes our humanity".
16 the Greeks ] In this case, Proclus, in Timaeo, 173c, commenting on Timaeus 34b. Taylor translates: "the worthy man perceiving himself beautiful rejoices and is delighted, and producing in himself beautiful conceptions, gladly embraces an association with himself." T. Taylor, The Commentaries of Proclus on the Timaeus of Plato, II, p.110.
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every ingenuous Son of that Art cannot but acknowledge to be the true characters of some Immaterial Being, seeing they were never buried in Matter, nor extracted out of it: and yet these are transcendently more certain and infallible Principles of Demonstration then any Sensible thing can be. There is no Geometrician but will acknowledge Angular sections, or the cutting of an Arch into any number of parts required, to be most exact without any diminution of the whole; but yet no Mechanical art can possibly perform either, but that the place of section will detract something from the whole. If any one should endeavour to double a Cube, as the Delian Oracle once commanded the Athenians, requiring them to duplicate the dimensions of Apollo's Altar, by any Mechanicall subtilty; he would find it as impossible as they did, and be as much laugh'd at for his pains as some of their Mechanicks were. If therefore no Matter be capable of any Geometrical effections, and the Apodictical precepts of Geometry be
5 Angular sections ] "the dividing of angles into some number of equal parts; as, to bisect, or to trisect an angle, &c." C. Hutton, A Philosophical and Mathematical Dictionary, p.121.
14 Apodictical ] "of clear demonstration; established incontrovertibly;" the first use recorded by the OED.
1–3 the true character ... extracted out of it ] cf. More's account; "there are a multitude of Relative Notions or Ideas in the Mind of Man, as well Mathematical as Logical, which ... cannot be the Impresses of any material Object from without ... Such are these, Cause, Effect, Whole and Part, Like and Unlike, and the rest. So Equality and Inequality, λόγος and ἀναλογία, Proportion and Analogy, Symmetry and Assymetry, and such like: All which Relative Ideas I shall easily prove to be no material Impresses from without upon the Soul, but her own active Conception proceeding from herself whilst she takes notice of external Objects." More, A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings, p.18. 9–13 as the Delian Oracle ... their Mechanicks were ] The citizens of Delos approached the Oracle at Delphi, because they were suffering from a plague sent by Apollo. The oracle told them that to rid themselves of their troubles they must double the size of the altar to Apollo, which was a cube. Plutarch tells the story of how the Delians, having "failed absurdly constructing the altar", met Plato in Caria and asked him for a solution. Plato explained that "the god was rallying the Greeks for their neglect of education, deriding, as it were, our ignorance and bidding us engage in no perfunctory study of geometry", and that he "was ordering the entire Greek nation to give up war and its miseries and cultivate the Muses, and by calming their passions through the practice of discussion and study of mathematics, so to live with one that their intercourse should be not injurious, but profitable." cf. de genio Socratis, 579b-d. A copy of Johann Molther's Problema Deliacum, De Cubi Duplicatione, which contains a history of the problem and claims to solve it by neusis construction, was amongst the works left by Smith to the Library of Queens' College, Cambridge. Molther, Problem Deliacum, De Cubi Duplicatione.
altogether unimitable in the purest Matter that Phansie can imagine; then must they needs depend upon something infinitly more pure then Matter, which hath all that Stability and Certainty within its self which it gives to those infallible Demonstrations.
5 We need not here dispute with Empedocles,
Γαίῃμὲν γὰρ γαῖαν ὀπώπαμεν, ὕδατι δʼ ὕδωρ, &c. We know earth by earth, fire by fire, and water by water, that is, by the Archetypal Idea's of all things in our own Souls; though it may be it were no hard matter to prove that, as in this case S. Austin did, when in his 10 Book de Quant. Animæ, he would prove the Immortality of the Soul from these notions of Quantity, which come not by any possible Sense or Experience which we can make of bodily Being, and therefore concludes they must needs be immediately ingraven upon an Immaterial Soul. For though we could suppose our Senses to be the School-Dames that first 15 taught us the Alphabet of this learning; yet nothing else but a true Mental Essence could be capable of it, or so much improve it as to unbody it all, and strip it naked of any Sensible garment, and then onely, when it hath done it, embrace it as its own, and commence a true and perfect understanding of it. And as we all hold it impossible to shrink up any Material 20 Quality, which will perpetually spread it self commensurably to the Matter it is in, into a Mathematical point: so is it much more impossible to extend and stretch forth any Immaterial and unbodied Quality or notion according to the dimensions of Matter, and yet to preserve the integrity of its own nature.
6 Γαίῃμὲν γὰρ γαῖαν ὀπώπαμεν, ὕδατι δʼ ὕδωρ, &c. ] The entire quotation translates: "We see Earth by means of Earth, Water by means of Water, divine Air by means of Air, and destructive Fire means of Fire; Affection by means of Affection, Hate by means of baneful Hate." Freeman, Ancilla to the Pre-Socratic Philosophers, p.63. Smith's source is probably Aristotle, de anima, I.2.404b; cf. Clement of Alexandria, Stromata, VI, 30. Fragment 109 in Diehls, Die Fragmente Der Vor-Sokratiker, I, p.351.
5 Empedocles ] Empedocles (c.490-430 BC) was one of the pre-Socratic philosophers. He believed that everrything was composed of the four elements, fire, air, water and earth.
14–15 the School-Dames that first taught us the Alphabet of this learning ] Dame schools were provided a basic elementary education.
9 S. Austin did ] St Augustine's argument is in de quantitate animae, I,IV.10 - XIII.22 (Cols. 1041-47 in Patrologia Latina, 32.
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Besides, in these Geometricall speculations we find that our Souls will not consult with our Bodies, or ask any leave of our Fansies how or how far they shall distribute their own notions by a continued progress of Invention; but spending upon their own stock, are most free and liberal, and make Fansie onely to serve their own purpose in painting out not what Matter will afford a copie of, but what they themselves will dictate to it; and if that should be too busie, silence and controul it by their own Imperial laws. They so little care for Matter in this kind of work, that they banish it as far as may be from themselves, or else chastise and tame the unruly and refractory nature of it, that it should yield it self pliable to their soveraign commands. These Embodied Bodies (for so this present Argument will allow me to call them) which our Senses converse with, are perpetually justling together, contending so irresistably each for its own room and space to be in, and will not admit of any other into it, preserving their own intervals: but when they are once in their Unbodied nature entertained into the Mind, they can easily penetrate one another ὅλα διʼ ὅλα. The Soul can easily pyle the vastest number up together in her self, and by her own force sustain them all, and make them all couch together in the same space: she can easily pitch up all those Five Regular Bodies together in her own Imagination, and inscribe them one in another, and then entring into the very heart and centre of them, discern all their Properties and several Respects one to another; and thus easily find her self freed from all Material and Corporeal confinement; shewing how all that which we call Body, rather issued forth by an infinite projection from some Mind, then that it should exalt it self into the nature of any Mental Being; and,
16 ὅλα διʼ ὅλα ] lit. "all through all"; "entirely"
13–14 perpetually justling together, contending so irresistably each for its own room and space to be in, and will not admit of any other into it ] cf. Cudworth's assertion that it is "an Essential Property" of matter "to be Antitypous or Impenetrable, that is, to Justle or Shoulder out, all other Extended Substance fromPenetrating into it, and Co-Existing with it, so as to Possess and take up the same Room or Space" Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe, p.829.
19 Five Regular Bodies ] Tetrahedron, hexahedron, octahedron, dodecahedron and icosahedron. Their main antecedents, both Platonic and Pythagorean, are are discussed in Heath, A History of Greek Mathematics, I, p.158ff.
as the Platonists and Pythagoreans have long since well observed, how our Bodies should rather be in our Souls, then our Souls in them. And so I have done with that Particular.
And now we have traced the Immortality of the Soul, before we were 5 aware, through those Three Relations or σχέσεις, or (if you will) Degrees of knowledge, which Proclus in his Comment on Plato's Timæus hath attributed to it, which he calls τῶν γνῳστικῶν δυνάμεων σειράν. The First is αἴσθησις ἄλογος, a naked perception of Sensible impressions, without any work of Reason. The Second, δόζα μετὰλόγου, a Miscellaneous kind of 10 knowledge arising of a collation its Sensations with its own more obscure and dark Idea's. The third, διάνοια καὶλόγος, Discourse and Reason, which the Platonists describe Mathematical knowledge by, which, because it spins out its own notions by a constant series of Deduction, knitting up Consequences one upon another by Demonstrations, is by him call'd νο15 ́ησις μεταβατικὴ, a Progressive kind of knowledge; to which he addes a Fourth, which shall now make use of for a further Proof of the Immortality of the Soul. There is therefore Fourthly νόησις ἀμεταβάτως, which is a naked intuition of Eternal Truth which is alwaies the same, which never rises nor sets, but alwaies stands still in its Vertical, and fills the whole
5 σχέσεις ] "states"
8 αἴσθησις ἄλογος, ] "unreasoning sensation"
7 τῶν γνῳστικῶν δυνάμεων σειράν ] "series of knowing powers"
9 δόζα μετὰλόγου, ] "opinion following reason"
14–15 νόησις μεταβατικὴ, ] "transitional reasoning"
11 διάνοια καὶλόγος, ] "thought and reason"
17 νόησις ἀμεταβάτως ] "reasoning without transition"
1–2 how our Bodies should rather be in our Souls, then our Souls in them ] cf. Plotinus, Enneads, IV.3.22, commending the wisdom of Plato "when, in treating of the All, he puts the body in its soul and not its soul in the body". The original statement by Plato is in Timaeus, 24b.
6–7 which Proclus in his Comment on Plato's Timæus hath attributed to it ] Taylor's translation of the relevant passage (76c) reads: "In this, therefore, the series of gnostic powers is terminated, of which indeed intelligence is the leader, which is above reason, and is without transition. But reason has the second order which is the intelligence of our soul, transitively coming into contact with real beings. Opinion has the third order, being a knowledge of sensibles conformable to reason. And sense has the fourth order, being an irrational knowledge of sensibles." T. Taylor, The Commentaries of Proclus on the Timaeus of Plato, I,p.207.
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Horizon of the Soul with a mild and gentle light. There are such calm and serene Idea's of Truth, that shine onely in pacate Souls, and cannot be discerned by any troubled or fluid Fancy, that necessarily prove a μόνικον καὶστάσιμόν τι, some Permanent & Stable Essence in the Soul of man, which (as Simplicius on Epictet. well observes) ariseth onely ἀπὸἀκινήτου τινὸς, καὶκατὰπρότον ἀμεταβλήτου αἰτιάς, τῆς ἀεὶκατὰτὰαὐτὰκαὶἑχούσης, from some immoveable and unchangeable Cause which is alwaies the same. For these Operations about Truth we now speak of, are not χρονικαὶἐνέργειαι any Chronical Energies, as he further expresses it, but the true badges of an Eternal nature, and speak a ταυτότης and στάσις (as Plato is wont to phrase it) in man's Soul. Such are the Archetypall Idea's of Justice, Wisdome, Goodness, Truth, Eternity, Omnipotency, and all those either Morall, Physicall, or Metaphysical notions, which are either the First Principles of Science, or the Ultimate complement and final perfection of it. These we alwaies find to be the same, and know that no Exorcisms of Material mutations have any power over them: though we our selves are but of yesterday, and mutable every moment, yet these are Eternall, and depend not upon any mundane vicissitudes; neither could we ever gather them from our observation of any Material thing where they were never sown.
3–4 μόνικον καὶστάσιμόν τι, ] "something stable and steadfast"
9 χρονικαὶἐνέργειαι ] "temporal activities"; adapted from Simplicius, H. Wolf, Simplicii Commentarius In Enchiridion Epicteti: Ex Libris veteribus emendatus, p.231.
5–7 ἀπὸἀκινήτου τινὸς, καὶκατὰπρότον ἀμεταβλήτου αἰτιάς, τῆς ἀεὶκατὰτὰαὐτὰκαὶἑχούσης ] "from something unmoved, and responsible from the first, which is always true to itself and purposive"; H. Wolf, Simplicii Commentarius In Enchiridion Epicteti: Ex Libris veteribus emendatus, p.231.; cf. "the source is some cause which is unmoved and absolutely unchanged, which always holds itself the same and in the same state" Brittain and Brennan, Simplicius: On Epictetus Handbook 27-53, p.72.
10
ταυτότης
] "sameness" or "identity"
στάσις
10
] "rest" or "stability"
2 pacate ] appeased, pacified, assuaged
10–11 as Plato is wont to phrase it ] Although the language Smith quotes is certainly Platonic (cf. Parmenides, 159-160, Sophist, 250ff), it is perhaps more characteristic of Plotinus, who uses the terms frequently, speaking, for example, of the soul's "identity with god" (I,2,5), and of "form" as "matter's rest and a kind of quietness" (IV,3,5). Indeed, immediately before the passage next quoted by Smith, Plotinus speaks of his "rest in the divine." Both terms occur also in Proclus' Commentary on the Timaeus, another plausible intermediary.
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If we reflect but upon our own Souls, how manifestly doe the Species of Reason, Freedome, Perception, and the like, offer themselves to us, whereby we may know a thousand times more distinctly what our Souls are then what our Bodies are? For the former we know by an immediate converse with our selves, and a distinct sense of their Operations; whereas all our knowledge of the Body is little better then meerly Historicall, which we gather up by scraps and piecemeals from more doubtfull and uncertain experiments which we make of them: but the notions which we have of a Mind, i.e. something within us that thinks, apprehends, reasons, and discourses, are so clear and distinct from all those notions which we can fasten upon a Body, that we can easily conceive that if all BodyBeing in the world were destroyed, yet we might then as well subsist as now we doe. For whensoever we take notice of those Immediate notions of our own Minds whereby they make themselves known to us, we find no such thing in them as Extension or Divisibility, which are contained in every Corporeal essence: and having no such thing discovered to us from our nearest familiarity with our own Souls, we could never so easily know whether they had any such things as Bodies joyned to them or not, did not those extrinsical impressions that their turbulent motions make upon them admonish them thereof.
But as the more we reflect upon our own Minds, we find all Intelligible things more clear, (as when we look up to the Heavens, we see all things more bright and radiant, then when we look down upon this dark Earth when the Sun-beams are drawn away from it:) so when we see all Intelligible Being concentring together in a great Oneness, and all kind of Multiplicity running more and more into the strictest Unity, till at last we find all Variety and Division suck'd up into a perfect Simplicity, where all happily conspire together in the most undivided peace and friendship; we then easily perceive that the reason of all Diversity and Distinction is (that I may use Plotinus his words not much differently from his meaning) μετάβασις ἀπὸνοῦεἰς λογισμόν. For though in our contentious pursuits
31 μετάβασις ἀπὸνοῦεἰς λογισμόν ] "a migration from intellect to reasoning"; adapted from Enneads, IV.8,1. For HGW's note on what he regards as a "misquotation from memory", see John Smith, Select Discourses, pp.99-100.
31 μετάβασις ἀπὸνοῦεἰς λογισμόν ] The words occur in the context of Plotinus' account
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after Science, we cast Wisdome, Power, Eternity, Goodness and the like into several formalities, that so we may trace down Science in a constant chain of Deductions; yet in our naked Intuition and visions of them, we clearly discern that Goodness and Wisdome lodge together, Justice and Mercy kiss each other: and all these, and whatsoever pieces else the crack'd glasses of our Reasons may sometimes break Divine and Intelligible Being into, are fast knit up together in the invincible bonds of Eternity. And in this sense is that notion of Proclus descanting upon Plato's riddle of the Soul, [ ὡς γεννητὴκαὶἀγέννητος, as if it were generated & yet not generated] to be understood; χρόνος ἅμα καὶαἰὼν τὴν ψυχὴν, the Soul partaking of Time in its broken and particular conceptions and apprehensions, and of Eternity in its comprehensive and stable contemplations I need not sat that when the Soul is once got up to the top of this bright Olympus, it will then no more doubt of its own Immortality, or fear any Dissipation, or doubt whether any drowsie Sleep shall hereafter seize upon it: no, it will then feel it self grasping fast and safely its own Immortality, and view it self in the Horizon of Eternity. In such sober kind of Ecstasies did Plotinus find his own Soul separated from his Body, as if it had divorc'd it for a time from it self: πολλάκις ἐγυρόμενος εἰς ἐμαντον ἐκ τοῦσώματος, καὶγενόμενοσ τῶν μὲν ἄλλων ἔξω. ἐμαυτοῦδὲεἴσω, θαυμαστὸν ἑλίκον ὁρῶν κάλλος, &c. I
4–5 Goodness and Wisdome lodge together, Justice and Mercy kiss each other ] cf. Psalms, 85, 10: "Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other."
10 χρόνος ἅμα καὶαἰὼν τὴν ψυχὴν, ] "both time and eternity are around the soul"; cf. Proclus, Commentary on the Timaeus, 178a; Proclus, In Platonis Timaeum commentaria, II, p.125.
9 ὡς γεννητὴκαὶἀγέννητος ] "as if begotten and not begotten";cf. Proclus, Commentary on the Timaeus, 177f; Proclus, In Platonis Timaeum commentaria,II, p.124. The references are to Proclus' commentary on Timaeus, 35a.
19–20 πολλάκις ἐγυρόμενος εἰς ἐμαντον ἐκ τοῦσώματος, καὶγενόμενοσ τῶν μὲν ἄλλων ἔξω. ἐμαυτοῦδὲεἴσω, θαυμαστὸν ἑλίκον ὁρῶν κάλλος, &c. ] "Often I have woken up out of the body to my self and have entered into, going out from all other things; I have seen beauty wonderfully great." cf. Enneads, IV.8.1.
of how he has "woken up out of the body" and then come down from that "rest in the divine". It is an important passage for Smith, to which he recurs.
19–20 πολλάκις ἐγυρόμενος εἰς ἐμαντον ἐκ τοῦσώματος, καὶγενόμενοσ τῶν μὲν ἄλλων ἔξω. ἐμαυτοῦδὲεἴσω, θαυμαστὸν ἑλίκον ὁρῶν κάλλος, &c. ] Plotinus goes on: "and felt assurance that then most of all I belonged to the better part; I have actually lived the best life and come to identity with the divine; and set firm in it I have come to that supreme actu-
9 [ ] Text contained in square brackets I take to have been inserted by Worthington.
being often awakened into a sense of my self, and being sequestred from my body, and betaking my self from all things into my self; what admirable beauty did I then behold, &c. as he himself tells us, En.4.l.8.c.I. Thus is that Intelligence begotten which Proclus l.2. in Plat.Tim. calls a Correc5 tion of Science: his notion is worth our taking notice of, and gives us in a manner a brief recapitulation of our former discourse, shewing how the higher we ascend in the contemplation of the Soul, the higher still we rise above this low sphear of Sense and Matter. His words are these, Αὐτὴἡ ἐπιστήμη ὡς μὲν ἐν ψυξαῖς ἀνέλεγκτός ἐστιν, ἐλέγχεται δʼ ἀπὸνοῦ, &c. that is, 10 Science as it is in the Soul (by which he means the Discoursive power of it) is blameless, but yet is corrected by the Mind; as resolving that which is Indivisible, and dividing Simple Being as if it were Compounded: as Fansy corrects Sense for discerning with passion and material mixture, from which that purifies its object; Opinion corrects Fansie, because it appre15 hends things by forms and phantasms, which it self is above; and Science corrects Opinion, because it knows without discerning of causes; and the Mind (as was insinuated) or the Intuitive faculty corrects the Scientifical, because by a Progressive kind of Analysis it divides the Intelligible Object, where it self knows and sees things together in their undivided essence: 20 wherefore this onely is Immoveable, and Science or Scientifical reason is inferiour to it in the knowledge of true Being, Thus he.
8–9 Αὐτὴἡἐπιστήμη ὡς μὲν ἐν ψυξαῖς ἀνέλεγκτός ἐστιν, ἐλέγχεται δʼ ἀπὸνοῦ, &c. ] Taylor translates: "For science itself, as subsisting in souls, is indeed irreprehensible, but is reprehended by intellect, for evolving that which is impartible, and apprehending that which is simple in a composite manner. For the phantasy also reprehends sense, because its knowledge is in conjunction with passion, according to a commixture, from which the phantasy is purified. But opinion reprehends the phantasy because its knowledge is attended with type and morphe, from which opinion is free. Science reprehends opinion, because its knowledge is without the explanation of cause, by which science is especially bound. And intellect as we have said, reprehends science, because it transitively divides the object of knowledge, but intellect knows at once the whole in conjunction with essence. Hence intellect is alone unconquerable, but science, and scientific discourse, are vanquished by intellect, according to the knowledge of being." Proclus, Commentary on the "Timaeus", 104d; T. Taylor, The Commentaries of Proclus on the Timaeus of Plato; Proclus, In Platonis Timaeum commentaria, I, p.343.
ality, setting myself above all else in the realm of Intellect." Saveson acutely represents the difference between Smith and Henry More with reference to this passage; Saveson, "Differing Reactions to Descartes Among the Cambridge Platonists", p.566.
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But here we must use some caution, left we should arrogate too much to the power of our own Souls, which indeed cannot raise up themselves into that pure and steddy contemplation of true Being; but will rather act with some Multiplicity or ἑτερότης (as they speak) attending it. But thus much of its high original may appear to us, that it can (as our Author told us) correct it self, for dividing and disjoyning therein, as knowing all to be every way One most entire and simple: though yet all men cannot easily improve their own Understandings to this High degree of Comprehension; and therefore all ancient Philosophers and Aristotle himself made it the peculiar priviledge of some men more abstracted from themselves and all corporeall commerce.
And now that we may conclude the Argument in hand, we shall adde but this one thing further to clear the Soul's Immortality, and it is indeed that which breeds a true sense of it, viz. True and reall goodness. Our highest speculations of the Soul may beget a sufficient conviction thereof within us, but yet it is onely True Goodness and Vertue in the Souls of men that can make them both know and love, believe and delight themselves in their own Immortality. Though every good man is not so Logically subtile as to be able by fit mediums to demonstrate his own Immortality, yet he sees it in a higher light: His Soul being purged and enlightned by true Sanctity is more capable of those Divine irradiations, whereby it feels it self in conjunction with God, and by a συνάυγεια (as the Greeks speak) the Light of divine goodness mixing it self with the light of its own Reason, sees more clearly: not onely that it may, if it please the supreme Deity,
4 ἑτερότης ] "otherness"; see, for one example among many, Plotinus' use of the idea in Enneads, 4.3.10.
22 συνάυγεια ] "meeting of the rays of sight from the eye"; cf. Timaeus, 45c, and Plato's opinion "that the sight is the splendor of united rays; there is a light which reaches some distance from the eyes into a congruous air, and there is likewise a light emitted from bodies, which meets and is joined with the fiery visual light in the intermediate air (which is liquid and mutable); and the conjunction of these rays gives the sense of seeing." This is Plato's "corradiancy, or splendor of united rays," as recounted by Plutarch. de placitis philosophorum, 4.13. Italics translate the term in question.
5 our Author ] Proclus
24 sees more clearly ] 1 Corinthians 13, 12 sits behind the whole passage: "For now we see through a glasse, darkely: but then face to face: now I know in part, but then shall I know euen as also I am knowen."
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of its own nature exist eternally, but also that it shall doe so: it knows it shall never be deserted of that free Goodness that alwaies embraceth it: it knows that Almighty Love, which it lives by, to be stronger then death, and more powerful then the grave ; it will not suffer those holy ones that are partakers of it to lie in hell, or their Souls to see corruption; and though worms may devour their flesh, and putrefaction enter into those bones that sence it, yet it knows that its Redeemer lives, and that it shall at last see him with a pure Intellectual eye, which will then be clear and bright, when all that earthly dust, which converse with this mortal body filled it with, shall be wiped out: It knows that God will never forsake his own life , which he hath quickned in it; he will never deny those ardent desires of a blissfull fruition of himself, which the lively sense of his own Goodness hath excited within it: those breathings and gaspings after an eternal participation of him are but the Energy of his own breath within us; if he had any mind to destroy it, he would never have shewn it such things as he hath done; he would not raise it up to such Mounts of Vision, to shew it all the glory of that heavenly Canaan flowing with eternal and unbounded pleasures, and then tumble it down again into that deep and darkest Abyss of Death and Non-entity. Divine goodness cannot, it will not, be so cruel to holy souls that are such ambitious suitors for his love. The more they contemplate the blissfull Effluxes of his divine love upon themselves,
3–4 stronger then death, and more powerful then the grave ] cf. Song of Solomon, 8,6: "Set mee as a seale vpon thine heart, as a seale vpon thine arme: for loue is strong as death, iealousie is cruel as the graue: the coales thereof are coales of fire, which hath a most vehement flame.."
7–8 it knows that its Redeemer lives, and that it shall at last see him with a pure Intellectual eye ] cf. Job, 19, 25-7: "For I know that my Redeemer liueth, and that he shall stand at the latter day, vpon the earth: And though after my skin wormes destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God. Whom I shal see for my selfe, and mine eyes shall beholde, and not another, though my reines bee consumed within me."
4–5 it will not suffer those holy ones that are partakers of it to lie in hell, or their Souls to see corruption ] cf. Acts, 2, 27: "Because thou wilt not leaue my soule in hell, neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy one to see corruption."; cf. also Acts 2, 31.
10 will never forsake his own life ] cf. Hebrews 13, 5: "Let your conuersation bee without couetousnesse: and be content with such things as yee haue. For hee hath said, I will neuer leaue thee, nor forsake thee."
17–18 that heavenly Canaan flowing with eternal and unbounded pleasures ] cf. amongst many verses, Exodus 3, 17: ""And I haue said, I will bring you vp out of the affliction of Egypt, vnto the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hiuites, and the Iebusites, vnto a land flowing with milke and hony".
the more they find themselves strengthned with an undaunted confidence in him; and look not upon themselves in these poor bodily relations and dependences, but in their eternal alliances, ὡς κόσμιοι, ὡς υἱοὶτοῦθεοῦ, (as Arrianus sometimes speaks) as the Sons of God who is the Father 5 of Souls, Souls that are able to live any where in this spacious Universe, and better out of this dark and lonesome Cell of Bodily matter, which is alwaies checking and clogging them in their noble motions, then in it: as knowing that when they leave this Body, they shall then be received into everlasting habitations, and converse freely and familiarly with that 10 Source of Life and Spirit which they conversed with in this life in a poor disturbed and streightned manner. It is indeed nothing else that makes men question the Immortality of their Souls, so much as their own base and earthly loves, which first makes them wish their Souls were not immortal, and then to think they are not: which Plotinus hath well observed, 15 and accordingly hath soberly pursued this argument.
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I cannot omit a large recital of his Discourse, which tends so much to disparage that flat and dull Philosophy which these later Ages have brought forth; as also those heavy-spirited Christians that find so little divine life and activity in their own Souls as to imagine them to fall into such a dead sleep as soon as they leave this earthly tabernacle, that they cannot be awakened again, till that last Trumpet and the voice of an Archangel shall rouse them up. Our Authors discourse is his, Enn.4.lib.7.c.10. having
3 ὡς κόσμιοι, ὡς υἱοὶτοῦθεοῦ ] "as citizens of the world, as sons of god"; adapted from Epictetus, Discourses, I.9.6.
20 this earthly tabernacle ] cf. 2 Corinthians 5, 1: "For we know, that if our earthly house of this Tabernacle were dissolued, wee haue a building of God, an house not made with hand, eternall in the heauens."
8–9 be received into everlasting habitations ] cf.Luke, 16,9: "And I say vnto you, Make to your selues friends of the Mammon of vnrighteousnesse, that when ye faile, they may receiue you into euerlasting habitations".
21–22 last Trumpet and the voice of an Archangel shall rouse them up ] cf., for example, 1 Thessalonians 4, 16: "For the Lord himselfe shall descend from heauen with a shout, with the voyce of the Archangel, and with the trumpe of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first."
22 Our Authors discourse is his, Enn.4.lib.7.c.10. ] Enneads, IV 7.10.
4 Arrianus ] Arrianus' compilation of Epictetus' Discourses was written about 108 AD, probably from lecture notes.
22 Our Authors discourse is his, Enn.4.lib.7.c.10. ] Armstrong translates the relevant
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first premised this principle, That every Divine thing is immortall, λάβωμεν δὲψυχὴν, μὴτὴν ἐντοῷσώματι, &c. Let us now consider a Soul (saith he) not such an one as is immerst into the Body, having contracted unreasonable Concupiscence and Anger (ἐπιθυμίαν καὶθυμὸν, according to which they were wont to distinguish between the Irascible and Concupiscible faculty) and other Passions; but such a one as hath cast away these, and as little as may be communicates with the Body: such a one as this will sufficiently manifest that all Vice is unnaturall to the Soul, and something acquired onely from abroad; and that the best Wisdome and all other Vertues lodge in a purged Soul, as being allyed to it. If therefore such a Soul shall reflect
4 ἐπιθυμίαν καὶθυμὸν ] "desire and anger"
passage: "Let us take soul, not the soul in body which has acquired irrational desires and passions and admitted other affection, but the soul which has wiped these away and which, as far as possible, has no communion with the body. This soul does make it clear that its evils are external accretions to the soul and come from elsewhere, but that when it is purified the best things are present in it, wisdom and all the rest of virtue, and are its own. If, then, the soul is something of this kind when it goes up again to itself, it must surely belong to that nature which we assert is that of all the divine and eternal. For wisdom and true virtue are divine things, and could not occur in some trivial mortal being, but something of such a kind [as to possess them] must be divine, since it has a share in divine things through its kinship and consubstantiality. For this reason any one of us who is like this would deviate very little from the beings above as far as his soul itself was concerned and would only be inferior by that part which is in body. For this reason, if every man was like this, or there were a great number who had souls like this, no one would be so unbelieving as not to believe that what is soul in men is altogether immortal. But, as it is, they see the soul in the great majority of people damaged in many ways, and do not think of it as if it was divine or immortal. But when one consider the nature of any particular thing one must concentrate on its pure form, since what is added is always a hindrance to the knowledge of that to which it has been added. Consider it by stripping, or rather let the man who has stripped look at himself and believe himself to be immortal, when he looks at himself as he come tone in the intelligible and the pure. For he will see an intellect which sees nothing perceived by the senses, none of these mortal things, but apprehends the eternal by its eternity, and all the things in the intelligible world, having become itself an intelligible universe full of light, illuminated by the truth from the Good, which radiates truth over all intelligibles; so he will often think that this was very well said: 'Greetings, I am for you an immortal god' having ascended to the divine and concentrating wholly on likeness to it. But if purification causes us to be in a state of knowledge of the best, then the sciences which lie within become apparent, the ones which really are sciences. For it is certainly not by running around outside the soul 'sees self-control and justice', but itself by itself in its understanding of itself and what it formerly was."
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upon it self, how shall it not appear to it self to be of such a kind of nature as Divine and Eternall Essences are? For Wisdome and true Vertue being Divine Effluxes can never enter into any unhallowed and mortall thing: it must therefore needs be Divine, seeing it is fill'd with a Divine nature διὰ συγγένειαν καὶτὸὁμοούσιον by its kindred and consanguinity therewith. Whoever therefore amongst us is such a one differs but little in his Soul from Angelicall essences; and that little is the present inhabitation in the Body, in which he is inferiour to them. And if every man were of this raised temper, or any considerable number had but such holy Souls, there would be no such Infidels as would in any sort disbelieve the Soul's Immortality. But now the vulgar sort of men beholding the Souls of the generality so mutilated and deform'd with Vice and Wickedness, they cannot think of the Soul as of any Divine and Immortall Being, though indeed they ought to judge of things as they are in their own naked essences, and not with respect to that which extraessentially adheres to them; which is the great prejudice of knowledge. Contemplate therefore the Soul of man, denuding it of all that which it self is not, or let him that does this view his own Soul; then he will believe it to be Immortall, when he shall behold it ἐν τῷ νοητῷκαὶἐν τῷκαθαρῶν, fixt in an Intelligible and pure nature; he shall then behold his own Intellect contemplating not any Sensible thing, but Eternall things, with that which is Eternall, that is, with it self, looking into the Intellectual world, being it self made all Lucid, Intellectuall, and shining with the Sun-beams of eternall Truth, borrowed from the First Good, which perpetually rayeth forth his Truth upon all Intellectual Beings. One thus qualified may seem without any arrogance to take up that saying of Empedocles, Χαίρετʼ, ἐγω δʼ ὑμῖν θεὸς ἄμβροτος - Farewell all earthly allies, I am henceforth no mortall wight, but an Immortall Angel, ascending up into Divinity, and reflecting upon that likeness of it which I find in my self. When true Sanctity and Purity shall ground him in the knowledge of divine things, then shall the inward Sciences, that arise from the bottome of his own Soul, display themselves; which indeed are the onely true Sciences: for the Soul runs out of it self to behold Temperance and Justice abroad, but its own light sees them in the contemplation of its own Being, and that divine essence which was before enshrined within it self.
4–5 διὰσυγγένειαν καὶτὸὁμοούσιον ] "through kinship and the sameness of being" ἐν τῷνοητῷκαὶἐν τῷκαθαρῶν
Χαίρετʼ, ἐγω δʼ ὑμῖν θεὸς ἄμβροτος B 112 Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, p.215.
18–19 ] "in the intelligible and the pure" 26 ] "greeting! I am to you an immortal god"; Fragment
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I might after all this adde many more reasons for a further confirmation of this present Thesis, which are as numerous as the Soul's relations & productions themselves are; but to every one who is willing to doe his own Soul right, this Evidence we have already brought in is more then sufficient.
Having done with the several Proofs of the Soul's Immortality (that great Principle of Naturall Theology, which if it be not entertain'd as a Communis Notitia, as I doubt not but that it is by the Vulgar sort of men, or as an Axiome, or, if you will, a Theoreme of free and impartial Reason, all endeavours in Religion will be very cool and languid) it may not be amiss to enquire a little concerning His opinion whom so many take for the great Intelligencer of Nature and Omniscient Oracle of Truth ; though it be too manifest that he hath so defaced the sacred Monuments of the
6 Having done with the several Proofs of the Soul's Immortality ] Worthington's chapter heading describes this section as "An Appendix containing an Enquiry into the Sense of Opinion of Aristotle concerning the Immortality of the Soul." Its insertion does, however, obscure Smith's line of thought.
11–12 His opinion whom so many take for the great Intelligencer of Nature and Omniscient Oracle of Truth ] Aristotle was still a pre-eminent figure in 17th century Cambridge. Culverwel, for example, calls him "that learned Philosopher" or just "the Philosopher" (Culverwel, An Elegant and Learned Discourse of the Light of Nature, pp. 18, 19, 22, 30, 50, 65, 67 etc.). Few expressed their doubts so strongly as Smith; Cudworth, for instance, while finding in Aristotle's expression "too much of Sceptism", eventually preferred his system to the "Cartesian Hypothesis", and commended him for maintaining "a Perfect Incorporeal Intellect to be the Head of all", a Nature acting "for Ends and Purposes, though unknown to itself", "the Naturality of Morality", and "Autexoiousie, or Liberty from Necessity" (Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe, p.55). 13–1 he hath so defaced the sacred Monuments of the ancient Metaphysical Theology by his profane hands ] For Cudworth's later assertion of a "System of Philosophy ... consisting of the Doctrine of Incorporeal substance (whereof God is the Head) together with the Atomical and Mechanical Physiology", once "Genuine, Perfect and Complete", which "after a while ... came to be Mangled and Dismembred, some taking one Part of it alone, and some another; some snatching away the Atomical Physiology. without the Pneumatology and Theology; and other ... taking the Theology and Doctrine of Incorporeals, without the Atomical or Mechanical Physiology. The former ... were Democritus, Leucippus, and Protagoras, ... the latter Plato and Aristotle, who indeed took the better Part, the Soul, Spirit and Quintessence of it", see Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe, pp.51ff. The most recent study is Levitin, Ancient Wisdom in the Age of the New Science, pp. 355-368.
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ancient Metaphysical Theology by his profane hands, that it is hard to see that lovely face of Truth which was once engraven upon them (as some of his own Interpreters have long agoe observed) and so blurr'd those fair Copies of divine learning which he received from his Predecessours, that his later Interpreters (who make him all their All) are as little sometime acquainted with his meaning and design, as they are with that Elder philosophy which he so corrupts: which indeed is the true reason they are so ambiguous in determining his Opinion of the Soul's Immortality; which yet he often asserts and demonstrates in his Three Books de Anima. We shall not here traverse this Notion through them all, but onely briefly take notice of that which hath made his Expositours stumble so much in this point; the main whereof is that Definition which he gives of the Soul, wherein he seems to make nothing else for the Genus of it, but an Entelechia or Informative thing, which spends all its virtue upon that Matter which it informs, and cannot act any other way then meerly by information; being indeed nothing else but some Material εἶδος, like an impression in wax which cannot subsist without it, or else the result of it: whence it is that he calls onely either Material Forms, or the Functions and Operations of those Forms, by this name. But indeed he intended not this for a general Definition of the Soul of man, and therefore after he had lai'd down this particular Definition of the Soul, lib.2.cap.I. he tells us expressly That that which we call the Rational Soul is χωριστὴ or separable from the Body, διὰτὸμηδενὸς εἶναι σώματος ἐντελέχειαν , because it is not the Entelech of any Body. Which he laies down the demonstra-
27 Entelechia ] "Entelechia, (Gr.) an inward Soul or Power, to move or act" Blount, Glossographia; "soul is the first actuality (εντελέχια)of a natural body having in it the capacity of life"; de anima, II, 1, 412a.
29–30 like an impression in wax ] cf."there is no need to enquire whether soul and body are one, any more than whether the wax and the imprint are one;" de anima, II, 1, 412b. 35 χωριστὴ ] "separable"; cf. de anima, II, 1, 413a.
29 εἶδος ] "that which is seen", hence "form"; de anima, II.1.412a.
36 διὰτὸμηδενὸς εἶναι σώματος ἐντελέχειαν ] "not the actualities of any body whatever"de anima, II, 1, 413a
33 general Definition of the Soul of man ] cf. "It has now been stated in general terms what soul is, namely, substance as notion or form"; de anima, II, 1, 412b
36 διὰτὸμηδενὸς εἶναι σώματος ἐντελέχειαν ] This misrepresents Aristotle somewhat. In context, the text reads: "Now it needs no proof that the soul - or if it is divisible into parts, certain of its parts - cannot be separated from the body, for there are cases where the actuality belongs to the parts themselves. There is, however, no reason why some
tion of in several places of all those Three books, by enquiring εἰἔστι τὶ τῶν τῆς ψυχῆς ἔργων ἢπαθημάτων ἴδιον, as he speaks, lib.I.cap.I. whether the Soul hath any proper function or operation of its own, or whether all be compounded and result from the Soul and Body together: and in 5 this inquirie finding that all Sensations and Passions arise as well from the Body as from the Soul, and spring out of the conjunction of both of them (which he therefore calls ἔνυλοι λόγοι, as being begotten by the Soul upon the Body) he concludes that all this savours of nothing else but a Material nature,inseparable from the Body. But then finding acts of Mind and 10 Understanding, which cannot be propagated from Matter, or causally depend upon the Body, he resolves the Principles from whence they flow to be Immortal; which he thus sets down lib.2.cap.2.περὶδὲτοῦνοῦκαὶτῆς θεωρητικῆς δυνάμεως, οὐδέπω φανερὸν, ἀλλʼ ἔοικε ψυχῆς γένος ἕτερον εἶναι, &c. that is, Now as for the Mind and Theoreticall power, it appears not, viz. 15 that they belong to that Soul which in the former Chapter was defined by ἐντελέχια, but it seems to be another kind of Soul, and that onely is separable from the Body, as that which is Eternal and Immortal from that which is Corruptible. But the other Powers or Parts of the Soul (viz. the Vegetative and Sensitive) are not separable, καθάπερ φασί τινες, as some 20 think. Where by these [τινες some] which he here refutes, he manifestly
1–2 εἰἔστι τὶτῶν τῆς ψυχῆς ἔργων ἢπαθημάτων ἴδιον ] "If there be any of the functions or affections of the soul peculiar to it"; adapted slightly from de anima, I.1. 403a.
12–13 περὶδὲτοῦνοῦκαὶτῆς θεωρητικῆς δυνάμεως, οὐδέπω φανερὸν, ἀλλʼ ἔοικε ψυχῆς γένος ἕτερον εἶναι, ] "But as regards intellect and the speculative faculty the case is not yet clear. It would seem, however, to be a distinct species of soul..."; de anima, II.2.413b 19 καθάπερ φασί τινες, ] "as some allege"; de anima, II.2.413b.
7 ἔνυλοι λόγοι ] "forms realised in matter"; de anima, I.1.403a.
parts should not be separated, if they are not the actualities of any body whatsoever(my emphasis)."
5–6 all Sensations and Passions arise as well from the Body as from the Soul ] For Aristotle's view that "all the affections of the soul are associated with the body", see de anima, I.1.403a.
1 those Three books ] of de anima.
9 inseparable from the Body ] As at de anima, I.1.403b.
20 these [τινες some] which ] Again, the square brackets represent Worthington's clarification.
12–13 περὶδὲτοῦνοῦκαὶτῆς θεωρητικῆς δυνάμεως, οὐδέπω φανερὸν, ἀλλʼ ἔοικε ψυχῆς γένος ἕτερον εἶναι, ] The passage continues: "and it alone is capable of separation from the body as that which is eternal from that which is perishable. The remaining parts of the soul are, as the foregoing consideration shows, not separable in the way that some allege them to be:"
means the Platonists and Pythagoreans, who held that all kinds of Souls were immortal, as well the Souls of beasts as of men; whereas he upon that former enquirie concluded that nothing was immortal, but that which is the Seat of Reason and Understanding: and so his meaning is, that this 5 Rational Soul is altogether a distinct Essence from those other; or else that glory which he makes account he reaps from his supposed victory over the other Sects of Philosophers will be much eclipsed, seeing they themselves did not so much contend for that which he decries, viz. an exercise of any such Informative faculties in a state of Separation, neither 10 doe we find them much more to reject one part of that complex Axiome of his τὸμεν̀ αἰσθητικὸν οὐκ ἄνευ σώματος, ὁδὲνοῦς χωριστὸς, That which is sensitive is not without the Body, but the Intellect or Mind is separable, then they doe the other.
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The other difficulty which Aristotle's opinion seems to be clogg'd withal is that Conclusion which he laies down lib.3.c.5. ὁδὲπαθητικὸς νοῦς, φθαρτὸς, which is commonly thus expounded, Intellectus patiens est corruptibilis. But all this difficulty will soon be cleared, if once it may appear how
11 τὸμεν̀ αἰσθητικὸν οὐκ ἄνευ σώματος, ὁδὲνοῦς χωριστὸς ] "the perceptive faculty is not independent of body, whereas intellect is separable"; de anima, III.4. 429b. 15–16 ὁδὲπαθητικὸς νοῦς, φθαρτὸς ] "but the intellect which can be affected is perishable"; de anima, III.4. 430a.; for Cudworth's use of the citation, see Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe, p.55
16–17 Intellectus patiens est corruptibilis ] "the passive intellect is corruptible"
1–2 who held that all kinds of Souls were immortal, as well the Souls of beasts as of men ] For Diogenes Laertius' report of Pythagoras' belief that "Soul is distinct from life; it is immortal, since that from which it is detached is immortal", see Lives of Eminent Philosophers, VIII, 27; and for his testimony that Pythagoras "forbade even the killing, let alone the eating, of animals which share with us the privilege of having a soul", see VIII, 13. For further reading on Pythagoras, see Guthrie, The Pythagorean Sourcebook and Library; a brief survey of Pythagorean beliefs about the soul is in Heninger, Touches of Sweet Harmony: Pythagorean Cosmology and Renaissance Poetics, pp.266ff. 16–17 Intellectus patiens est corruptibilis ] cf., for example, Averroes' "intellectus passib-
ilis est corruptibilis" (In de anima, 163a); St Thomas Aquinas' "intellectus si est passivus, est corruptibilis, ut dicitur in III de anima" (Summa Theologiae, I.79.1.2.) The entry for "intellectus" in Cassin et al., Dictionary of Untranslatables: A Philosophical Lexicon, pp.490ff. is helpful here.
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ridiculous their conceit is, that from that Chapter fetch that idle distinction of Intellectus Agens & Patiens; meaning by the Agens, that which prepares phantasmes, and exalts them into the nature of intelligible species, and then propounds them to the Patiens to judge thereof: whereas indeed he means nothing else by his νοῦς παθητικὸς, but onely the Understanding in potentia, and by his νοῦς ποιητικὸς, the same in actu or in habitu , as the Schoolmen are wont to phrase it; and accordingly thus laies down his meaning and method of this notion. In the preceding Chapter of that Book, he disputes against Plato's Connate species, as being afraid, lest if the Soul should be prejudiced by any home-born notions, it would not be indifferent to the entertaining of any other Truth. Where, by the way, we may observe how unreasonable his Argument is: for if the Soul hath no such stock of principles to trade with, nor any proper notions of its own
1–2 that idle distinction of Intellectus Agens & Patiens ] "active intellect" and "passive intellect"
6 in potentia ] "in its potential state"
5 νοῦς παθητικὸς ] "intellect which can be affected", "intellectus patiens"
6 νοῦς ποιητικὸς ] "creative intellect"; cf. de anima, III.5.430a.
6 in habitu ] "in its habitual state"; based on de anima, III.4.429b
6 in actu ] "in its actual state"
1 that Chapter ] de anima, III.5.
4 he ] i.e. Aristotle, of course.
1–2 that idle distinction of Intellectus Agens & Patiens ] cf. "to make this intellectus agens and patiens only the various aspects and different relations of the same is but a weak and needless device" in Culverwel, An Elegant and Learned Discourse of the Light of Nature, p.107; see also the discussions in Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe, p.55f, and Culverwel, An Elegant and Learned Discourse of the Light of Nature, p.68. For a brief discussion of Smith's and Culverwel's views of Averroes, see Akasoy and Giglioni, Renaissance Averroism and Its Aftermath: Arabic Philosophy in Early Modern Europer, p.202f.
6 in habitu ] "When a man progresses to the level where he has learned the first principles of thought but is not actually thinking them at the moment, he has attained the stage of intellect in habitu". Davidson, Alfarabi, Avicenna , and Averroes On Intellect, p. 94., referring to Avicenna's use of the term. cf. Whichcote, Works, II, p.4.
8–9 the preceding Chapter of that Book ] de anima, III.4.
7 the Schoolmen ] ie. scholastics
9 he disputes against Plato's Connate species ] For Aristotle's view that the mind "has no other nature than this, that it is a capacity" and that "the part of the soul which we call intellect (and by intellect I mean that whereby the soul thinks and conceives) is nothing at all actually before it thinks", see de anima III.4.429a. See also the discussion in Culverwel, An Elegant and Learned Discourse of the Light of Nature,pp.73ff.
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that might be a κριτήριον of all Opinions, it would be so indifferent to any, that the foulest Errour might be as easily entertained by it as the fairest Truth; neither could it ever know what guest it receives, whether Truth, or Falshood. But yet our Author found himself able to swallow down this absurdity, though when he had done he could not well digest it. For he could not but take notice of that which was obvious for any one to reply, That πᾶς νοῦς ἐστι νοητὸς, and so reflecting upon it self, may find matter within to work upon; and so laies down this scruple in a way not much different from his Masters, καὶαὐτὸς δὲνοητός ἐστι, ὥσπερ τὰνοητὰ, &c. but the Soul it self is also intelligible, as well as all other natures are; and in those Beings which are purely abstracted from Matter, that which understands is the same with that which is understood. Thus he. But not being Master of this notion, he finds it a little too unruly for him, and falls to enquire why the Soul should not then alwaies be in actu; quitting himself of the whole difficulty at once by telling us, that our souls are here clogg'd with a Hyle or Matter that cleaves to them, and so all the matter of their knowledge is contained in sensible objects, which they must extract out of them, being themselves onely ἐν δυνάμις or in potentia ad intelligendum. Just as in a like argument (Chap.8.) he would needs perswade us; That the Understanding beholds all things in the glass of Phansie; and then questioning how our πρῶτα νοήματα or First principles of knowledge should be Phant-
1 κριτήριον ] "means of judging or trying"; cf. Plato, Theaetetus, 178b.
9 καὶαὐτὸς δὲνοητός ἐστι, ὥσπερ τὰνοητὰ, ] " and the mind itself is included among the objects which can be thought"; de anima, III.4.430a.
7 πᾶς νοῦς ἐστι νοητὸς ] "the whole mind falls within the province of thought"; adapted from de anima, III.4.429b.
18 ἐν δυνάμις ] "in a potential state"
21 πρῶτα νοήματα ] "first thoughts"; de anima, III.8.432a.
18 in potentia ad intelligendum ] "in a potential state to understand"; the Latin translation of the previous phrase.
9 his Masters ] Plato and his predecessors.
15 Hyle ] From ὕλη, the primal Aristotelean matter from which the four elements arose. 16–17 all the matter of their knowledge is contained in sensible objects, which they must extract out of them ] cf. "no one could ever learn or understand anything without the exercise of sense perception" in de anima, III.8.432a.
9 καὶαὐτὸς δὲνοητός ἐστι, ὥσπερ τὰνοητὰ, ] Aristotle continues: "For where the objects are immaterial that which thinks and that which is thought are identical. Speculative knowledge and its object are identical."
21 πρῶτα νοήματα ] In the sense of primary or simple concepts.
asmes, he grants that they are not indeed phantasmes, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἄνευ φαντασμάτων, but yet they are not without phantasmes; which he thinks is enough to say, and so by his meer dictate without any further discussion to solve that knot: whereas in all Reflex acts, whereby the Soul reviews its own opinions, and finds out the nature of them, it makes neither use of Sense or Phantasmes, but acting immediately by its own power, finds it self ἀσώματον καὶχωιστὴν σωμάτων, as Simplicius observes.
But to return, This Hyle or Matter which our Author supposeth to hinder a free & uninterrupted exercise of Understanding, is indeed nothing else 10 but the Souls potentiality; and not any kind of divisible or extended nature. And therefore when he thus distinguisheth between his Intellectus Agens and Patiens, he seems to mean almost nothing else but what our ordinary Metaphysitians doe in their distinction of Actus and Potentia, (as Simplicius hath truly observed) when they tell us, that the finest created nature 15 is made up of these two compounded together. For we must know that the genius of his Philosophy led him to fancy an ὑποκείμενον τι, a certain subject or obediential power in every thing that fell with the compass of Physical speculation, or that had any relation to any natural body; and some other power which was εἰδοποιοῦν, that was of an active and op20 erating nature: and consequently that both these Principles were in the Soul it self, which as it was capable of receiving impressions & species from the Phansie, and in a posse to understand, so it was Passive; but as
1–2 ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἄνευ φαντασμάτων ] "but they are not without images"; de anima, III.8.432a.
ἀσώματον καὶχωιστὴν σωμάτων
7
] "unbodied and separable from body"; Simplicius'
Com-
13 Actus and Potentia ] "action and potentiality"; scholastic terms translating Aristotle's ἐντελέχειά and δυνάμεις.
mentary on Aristotle's de anima
, 7.23, commenting on de anima
I.1, 402a.
13–14 (as Simplicius hath truly observed) ] presumably in the Commentary on Aristotle's de anima; find it.
19 εἰδοποιοῦν, ] "that which gives something its form or nature"; perhaps a term owing more to Simplicius than to Aristotle; cf. Simplicius, Commentary on Aristotle's Physics, 454.16, commenting on physica, 202b.
16 ὑποκείμενον τι, ] "some underlying foundation"; cf. de anima, II.1.412a, II.2.413a.
21
species
] "appearance", "outward form"
22 posse ] "potentiality"
12–13 our ordinary Metaphysitians ] Perhaps referring to contemporary scholastic thinkers, such as Suárez and Robert Bellarmine.
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it doth actually understand, so it is ποιητικὸς or Active. And with this Notion he begins his 5. Chap.Ἐπεὶδὲὥσπερ ἐν ἁπάσῃτῇφύσει ἐστί τι, τὸμὲν ὓλη ἑκάστῳγένει, &c. that is Seeing that in every nature there is something which as a First subject is all things potentially, and some Active principle which produceth all things, as Art doth in Matter; it is necessary that the Soul also partake of these differences. And this he illustrates by Light & Colours; resembling the Passive power of the Intellect to Colours, the Active or Energetical to Light: and therefore he saies, it is χωρὶτος, καὶἀμιγὴς, καὶἀπαθὴς„ separable, unmixt, and impassible; and so at last concludes, χωρισθεὶς δέ ἐστι μόνον τοῦθʼ ὅπερ ἐστὶ , in the state of separation this Intellect is alwaies that which it is (that is, alwaies Active and Energetical, as he had told us before, τῇοὐσιά ὢν ἐνέργεια , the essence of it being activity) καὶτοῦτο μόνον ἀθάνατον καὶἀίδιον, οὐμνημονεύομεν δὲὅτι τοῦτο μὲν ἀπαθὲς and this onely is immortal and eternal, but we doe not remember because it is impassible. In which last words he seems to disprove Plato's Reminiscentia, because the Soul in a state of Separation being alwaies
1 ποιητικὸς ] "productive", "capable of making"; cf. de anima, III.5.430a.
8–9 χωρὶτος, καὶἀμιγὴς, καὶἀπαθὴς ] "separable and unmixed and impassive";de anima III.5.430.
2–3 Ἐπεὶδὲὥσπερ ἐν ἁπάσῃτῇφύσει ἐστί τι, τὸμὲν ὓλη ἑκάστῳγένει, &c. ] "Since, just as in all of nature there is something which is matter to each kind of thing"; de anima, III.5.430.
,
10 χωρισθεὶς δέ ἐστι μόνον τοῦθʼ ὅπερ ἐστὶ ] "It is only when separated that it is its true self"; de anima, III.5.430a.
12 τῇοὐσιά ὢν ἐνέργεια ] "being in its essential nature an activity";de anima, III.5.430a. 13–14 καὶτοῦτο μόνον ἀθάνατον καὶἀίδιον, οὐμνημονεύομεν δὲὅτι τοῦτο μὲν ἀπαθὲς ] "and this alone is immortal and eternal, but we do not remember because this is impassive"; de anima, III.5.430a.
2–3 Ἐπεὶδὲὥσπερ ἐν ἁπάσῃτῇφύσει ἐστί τι, τὸμὲν ὓλη ἑκάστῳγένει, &c. ] Aristotle continues: "(and this is potentially all the members of the kind) there corresponds something else which is the cause or agent because it makes them all, the two being related to one another as art to its material, of necessity these differences must be found also in the soul."
15–16 Plato's Reminiscentia ] cf. Phaedo 76, Phaedrus 250, Meno 280 seq. etc; Cudworth explains: "And this is the only true and allowable Sense of that Old Assertion, that Knowledge is Reminiscence, not that it is the Remembrance of something which the Soul had some time before Actually Known in a Pre-existence State; but because it is the Mind's comprehending of things by Some Inward Anticipations of it own, Something Native and Domestick to it, or Something actively exerted from within it self." Cudworth, A Treatise Concerning Eternal and Immutable Morality, p.129.
in act, the Passive power of it, which then first begins to appear when it is embodied, could not represent or contain any such Traditional species as the Energeticall faculty acted upon before; seeing there was then no Phansie to retain them in, as Simplicius expounds it, διὸἐν τῇπερὶτῶν 5 μνημενευτῶν νοήσει, δεόμεθα πάντως τοῦμέχει φαντασίας προιόντος λόγου , because in all remembrance we must reflect upon our Phansie. And this our Author seems to glance at, it being indeed never out of his eye, in these words we have endeavoured to give an account of ὁδὲπαθητικὸς νοῦς φθαρτὸς, καὶἄνευ τούτου οὐθὲν νοεῖ, But the Passive intellect is corrupt10 ible, and without this we can understand nothing in this life. And thus our forenamed Commentator doubts not to glosse on them.
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We have now done with the Confirmation of this Point, which is the main Basis of all Religion, and shall not at present trouble our selves with those difficulties that may seem to incumber it; which indeed are onely such as beg for a Solution, but doe not, if they be impartially considered, proudly contest with it: and such of them which depend upon any hypothesis which we may apprehend to be lai'd down in Scripture, I cannot think them to be of any such moment, but that any one who deals freely and ingenuously with this piece of God's truth, may from thence find a far better ansa of answering, then he can of moving of any scruples against
4–5 διὸἐν τῇπερὶτῶν μνημενευτῶν νοήσει, δεόμεθα πάντως τοῦμέχει φαντασίας προιόντος λόγου ] "because in the act of knowing by remembering, in every respect, we need some images for knowledge to proceed"; Commentary on Aristotle's de anima, 248, 8-9, commenting on de anima III.5, 430a.
20 ansa ] "opportunity", "something that can be grasped"
8–9 ὁδὲπαθητικὸς νοῦς φθαρτὸς, καὶἄνευ τούτου οὐθὲν νοεῖ ] "But the intellect which can be affected is perishable and without this does not think at all"; de anima, III.5, 430a. See above p.213.
7 our Author ] i.e. Aristotle.
11 to glosse on them ] cf. "And as it were objecting to the soul having been shown to be everlasting, he [Aristotle] asks how we do not remember things before birth if it had previously existed everlastingly. ... And the solution to the objection is appropriate to soul ... the impassible intellect clearly thinks none of the things that can be remembered" in Simplicius' Commentary on Aristotle's de anima, 248, 1ff., commenting on de anima III.5, 430a.
10–11 our forenamed Commentator ] Simplicius. This sentence seems to mark the end of Smith's digression.
16 contest with it ] i.e. with the immortality of the soul.
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the Souls Immortality, which that most strongly every where supposes, & does not so positively & ῥητῶς lay down, as presume that we have an antecedent knowledge of it, & therefore principally teaches us the right Way & Method of providing in this life for our happy subsistence in that eternal estate. And as for what pretend to Reason or Experience, I think it may not be amiss briefly to search into one main difficulty concerning the Soul's Immortality: and that is, That strange kind of dependency which it seems to have on the Body, whereby it seems constantly to comply and sympathize therewith, and to assume to it self the frailties and infirmities thereof, to laugh and languish as it were together with that: and so when the Body is compos'd to rest, our Soul seems to sleep together with it; and as the Spring of bodily Motion seated in our Brains is more clear or muddy, so the conceptions of our Minds are more distinct or disturbed.
To answer this difficulty, it might be enough perhaps to say, That the Sympathy of things is no sufficient Argument to prove the Identity of their essences by, as I think all will grant; yet we shall endeavour more fully to solve it.
And for that purpose we must take notice, that though our Souls be of an Incorporeal nature, as we have already demonstrated, yet they are united to our Bodies, not as Assisting forms or Intelligences, as some have thought, but in some more immediate way; though we cannot tell what that is, it being the great arcanum in Man's nature, that which troubled Plotinus so much, when he had contemplated the Immortality of it, that, as he speaks of himself, Enn.4.lib.8.c.I. ἐις λογισμὸν ἀπὸνοῦκαταβὰς, ἀπο-
2 ῥητῶς ] "specifically", "explicitly"
24–2 ἐις λογισμὸν ἀπὸνοῦκαταβὰς, ἀπορῶπῶς ποτε καὶνῦν καταβίνω, καὶὅπως ποτέ μοι ἔνδον ἡψυχὴγεγένηται τοῦσώματος, τοῦτο οὖσα οἱὸν ἐφάνη καθʼ ἑαυτὴν, καὶπερ οὖσα ἐν σώματι ] "when I have come down from Intellect to discursive reasoning, I am puzzled how I ever came down, and how my soul has come to be in the body when it is what it has shown itself to be by itself, even when it is in the body"; Enneads, IV.8.1.; continuing from the previous quotation, cited before the "digression".
22 arcanum ] "sacred mystery"
12 the Spring of bodily Motion seated in our Brains ] Note that the metaphor is not mechanical, but natural.
22 arcanum ] Not necessarily in an esoteric sense: Smith owned Clapmarius, De Arcanis Rerumpublicarum Libri Sex.
20–21 as some have thought ] As, for example, Averroes and his followers.
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ρῶπῶς ποτε καὶνῦν καταβίνω, καὶὅπως ποτέ μοι ἔνδον ἡψυχὴγεγένηται τοῦ σώματος, τοῦτο οὖσα οἱὸν ἐφάνη καθʼ ἑαυτὴν, καὶπερ οὖσα ἐν σώματι. But indeed to make such a Complex thing as Man is, it was necessary that the Soul should be so united to the Body, as to share in its passions and infirmities so far as they are void of sinfulness. And as the Body alone could not perform any act of Sensation or Reason, and so it self become a ζῶον πολιτικὸν, so neither would the Soul be capable of providing for the necessities of the Body without some way whereby a feeling and sense of them might be conveyed to it; neither could it take sufficient care of this corporeal life, as nothing pertaining to it, were it not sollicited to a natural compunction and compassion by the indigencies of our Bodies. It cannot be a meer Mental Speculation that would be so sensibly affected with hunger or cold or other griefs that our Bodies necessarily partake of, to move our Souls to take care for their relief: and were there not such a commerce between our Souls and Bodies, as that our Souls also might be made acquainted by a pleasurable and delightful sense of those things that most gratifie our Bodies, and tend most to the support of their Crasis and temperament; the Soul would be apt wholly to neglect the Body, and commit it wholly to all changes and casualties. Neither would it be any thing more to us then the body of a Plant or a Star, which we contemplate sometimes with as much contentment as we do our own bodies, having as much of the Theory of the one as of the other. And the relation that our Souls bear to such peculiar bodies as they inhabite is one and the same in point of notion and speculation with that which they have to any other body: and therefore that which determines the Soul to this Body more then that, must be some subtile vinculum that knits and unites it to it in a more Physical way, which sometimes therefore Proclus calls πνευματικὸν
31 ζῶον πολιτικὸν ] "social being", capable of living in society.
51–1 πνευματικὸν ὀχημα τῆς ψυχῆς ] "the pneumatic vehicle of the soul"; adapted from Proclus, Commentary on the Timaeus, 312a; Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, III, p.237.
41 Crasis ] "Crasis, (Gr.) is a convenient Mixture of Qualities in an Animal Body" Blount, Glossographia
31 ζῶον πολιτικὸν ] Often translated as "political animal", the phrase originates in Aristotle, Politics, 1.1253a, but Smith may have in mind its use in Plotinus, Enneads, III.4.2. 47 peculiar ] "Peculiar, particular, or singular" Blount, Glossographia.
50 vinculum ] "a bond of union,; a tie" (OED, citing Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe as the first occurence.
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ὀχημα τῆς ψυχῆς, a spiritual kind of vehicle, whereby corporeal impressions are transferr'd to the Mind, and the dictates and decrees of that are carried back again to the Body to act and move it. Heraclitus wittily glancing at these mutual aspects and entercourses, calls them ἀμοιβὰς ἀναγκαίας ἐκ τῶν ἐναντίων, the Responsals or Antiphons wherein each of them catcheth at the others part & keeps time with it; and so he tells us that there is ὁδὸς ἂνω καὶκάτω , a way that leads upwards and downwards between the Soul and Body, whereby their affairs are made known to one another. For as the Soul could not have a sufficient relation of the state and condition of our Bodies, except it received some impressions from them; so neither could our Souls make use of our Bodies, or derive their own virtue into them as they doe, without some intermediate motions. For as some motions may seem to have their beginning in our Bodies, or in some external mover, which are not known by our Souls till their advertency be awakened by the impetuousness of them : so some other motions are derived by our own Wills into our Bodies, but yet in such a way as they cannot be into any other body; for we cannot by the meer Magical virtue of our Wills move any thing else without our selves, nor follow any such virtue by a concurrent sense of those mutations that are made by it, as we doe in our own Bodies.
And as this Conjugal affection and sympathy between Soul and Body are thus necessary to the Being of Mankind; so we may further take notice of some peculiar part within us where all this first begins: which a late sagacious Philosopher hath happily observed to be in that part of the
55–56 ἀμοιβὰς ἀναγκαίας ἐκ τῶν ἐναντίων ] "necessary changes from the opposite"; if anything, the implied metaphor is of changing clothes, rather than musical responses; Smith is quoting from Enneads, IV.8.1.
58 ὁδὸς ἂνω καὶκάτω ] "a way up and down"; again, Smith quotes from Enneads, IV.8.1.; on Heraclitus' sayings„ see Freeman, Ancilla to the Pre-Socratic Philosophers, pp. 109, 11, 114-6, 123-7, 129-30.
72 Conjugal affection ] A metaphor which Smith continues below.
75–2 in that part of the Brain from whence all those Nerves that conduct the Animal spirits up and down the Body take their first Original ] i.e. the pineal gland; for Descartes' description, see Descartes, The Passions of the Soule, I.31, pp.25-6. Among recent
74–75 a late sagacious Philosopher ] Descartes. See Saveson, "Descartes' Influence on John Smith, Cambridge Platonist". Smith's copy of Descartes, Les passions de l'âme is still in Queens'.
Brain from whence all those Nerves that conduct the Animal spirits up and down the Body take their first Original; seeing we find all Motions that first arise in our Bodies, to direct their course straight up to that, as continually respecting it, and there onely to be sensated, and all the imperate motions 5 of our Wills issuing forth from the same consistory. Therefore the Animal spirits, by reason of their constant mobility and swift motion, ascending to the place of our Nerves origination, move the Soul, which there sits enthron'd, in some mysterious way; and descending at the beck of our Wills from thence, move all the Muscles and joynts in such sort as they 10 are guided and directed by the Soul. And if we observe the subtile Mechanicks of our own Bodies, we may easily conceive how the least motion in these Animal Spirits will, by their relaxing or distending the Nerves, Membranes and Muscles, according to their different quantity or the celerity and quality of their motions, beget all kind of motions likewise in the Or15 ganical part of our Bodies. And therefore that our Souls may the better inform our Bodies, they must perceive all their varieties; and because they have such an immediate proximity to these Spirits, therefore also all the Motions of Souls in the highest way of Reason and Understanding are apt to stir these quick and nimble spirits alwaies attending upon them, or else 20 fix them too much. And thus we may easily see that should our Souls be alwaies acting and working within us, our Bodies could never take that rest and repose which is requisite for the conservation of Nature. As
76 conduct ] in the sense of "provide a channel for".
Passions of the Soule
80–90 Therefore the Animal spirits ... part of our Bodies ] Summarising Descartes,
The
, I.34, pp.28-29.
accounts of Cartesian physiology, see Ochs, A History of Nerve Functions: From Animal Spirits to Molecular Mechanisms, pp.64ff. and C. Smith, The Animal Spirit Doctrine and the Origins of Neurophysiology, pp.102ff.
80 consistory ] "the Court Christian, or Spiritual Court, held formerly in the the Nave of the Cathedral Church, or some Chappel, Isle or Portico belonging to it, in which the Bishop presided, and had some of his Clergy for Assessors and Assistants." Blount, Glossographia.
79 imperate ] see above, p. 189
83 enthron'd, in some mysterious way ] Smith's metaphor and emphasis
83–84 at the beck of our Wills ] Smith and Descartes are both anxious to preserve freedom of will: cf. "the will is so free by nature, that it can never be constrained … and all the Action of the Soul consists in this, that she meerly by willing any thing can make the little kerneal whereunto she is strictly joyned, move in the manner requisie to produce the effect relating to this Will." Descartes, The Passions of the Soule, I.41, pp.33-4.
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we may easily perceive in all our studies and meditations that are most serious, our Spirits are the more fix'd, attending the beck of our Minds. And except this knot whereby our Souls are wedded to our Bodies were unloosed that our Souls were loose from them, they could not act, but presently some Motion or other would be imprest upon our Bodies: as every Motion in our Bodies that is extraordinary, when our Nerves are distended with the Animal spirits, by a continual communication of it self in these Nerves like so many intended Chords to their original, moves our Souls; and so though we alwaies perceive that one of them is primarily affected, yet also we find the other presently by consent to be affected too.
And because the Soul hath all Corporeal passions and impressions thus conveyed to it, without which it could not expresse a due benevolence to that Body which peculiarly belongs to it; therefore as the Motions of these Animal Spirits are more or less either disorderly and confused, or gentle and compos'd, so those Souls especially who have not by the exercise of true Vertue got the dominion over them, are also more or less affected proportionably in their operations. And therefore indeed to question whether the Soul, that is of an Immortal nature, should entertain these corporeal passions, is to doubt whether God could make a Man or not, and to question that which we find by experience in our selves; for we find both that it doth thus, and yet that the Original of these is sometimes from Bodies, and sometimes again by the force of our Wills they are impress'd upon our Bodies.
8 intended Chords ] in the sense of "extended" or "strained" cords.
3 this knot whereby our Souls are wedded to our Bodies ] cf.Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the Universe, p.160: "That Vital Sympathy, by which our Soul is united and tied fast, as it were with a Knot, to the Body, is a thing that we have no direct Consciousness of, but only in its Effects."
8 intended Chords ] The phrase may reflect a Cartesian idea: "the animal spirits, which being conveyed through these very pipes from the brain to the muscles, are the cause that these thredds remain there entirely unmolested, and extended in such a manner, that the least thing that moves that part of the body, whereunto the extremity of any one of them is fastned, doth by the same reason move that part of the brain from when it comes:just as when a man pulls at one end of a string, he causeth the other end to stirre" in Descartes, The Passions of the Soule, I.12, pp. 11-12. However, Smith's cords are sympathetic strings, resonating in "consent" with their "original".
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up and down in our Brains, and swiftly flie up and down our whole Bodies, we presently find our Phansies raised with mirth and chearfulness: and when our Phansies are thus exalted, we may not call this the Energy of Grace; so if our Spleen or Hypochondria, swelling with terrene and sluggish vapours, send up such Melancholick fumes into our heads as move us to sadness and timorousness, we cannot justly call that Vice; nor when the Gall does degurgitate its bitter juyce into our Liver, which mingling it self with the blood, begets fiery Spirits that presently fly up into our Brain, and there beget impressions of Anger within us. The like we may say of those Corporeal passions which are not bred first of all by any Peccant humours or distemperatures in our own bodies, but are excited in us by any External objects which by those idola and images that they present to our Senses, or rather those Motions they make in them, may presently raise such commotions in our Spirits: For our Body maintains not onely a conspiration and consent of all its own parts, but also it bears a like relation to other mundane bodies with which it is conversant, as being a part of the whole Universe. But when our Soul, once mov'd by the undisciplin'd petulancy of our Animal spirits, shall foment and cherish that Irrational Grief, Fear, Anger, Love, or any other such like Passions contrary to the dictates of Reason; it then sets the stamp of sinfulness upon them. It is the consent of our own Wills that by brooding of them brings forth those hatefull Serpents. For though our Souls be espoused to these Earthly Bodies, and cannot but in some measure sympathize with them, yet hath the Soul a true dominion of its own acts. It is not the meer passion, if we take it in a Physicall sense, but rather some inordinate actions of our own Wills that entertain it: and these passions cannot force our Wills, but we may be able to chastise and allay the inordinacy of them by the power of our Wills and Reasons and therefore God hath not made us under the necessity of sin, by making us men subject to such infirmities as these are which are meerly ζωαὶσωμάτων, as the Greek Philosopher
30 ζωαὶσωμάτων ] "the life of the body"; Simplicius, Commentary on Epictetus, 1.1.; H. Wolf, Simplicii Commentarius In Enchiridion Epicteti: Ex Libris veteribus emendatus, p.8.; cf. "Now the irrational desires ... are to a large extent moved externally, since they
7 degurgitate ] "evacuate from the stomach"; HGW's emendation ("pour forth") misses the anatomical reference altogether.
10 Peccant ] "Peccant. (Lat.) Sinning; also those Humours of the Body, which contain some malignity, or which are too Exuberant are called Peccant." Blount, Glossographia 30 the Greek Philosopher ] Usually Plotinus, here Simplicius.
10
15
20
hath well called them,the blossomings and shootings forth of bodily life within us; which is but τὸἀνθρώπινον or Humanity.
And, if I mistake not, our Divinity is wont sometimes to acknowledge some such thing in our Saviour himself, who was in all things made like to us, our sinfulness excepted. He was a man of sorrows and acquainted with griefs, as the Prophet Esay speaks of him : and when he was in bodily agonies and horrours, the powerfull assaults thereof upon his Soul moved him to petition his Father, that if it were possible, that bitter cup might pass from him; and the sense of death so much afflicted him, that it bred in him the sad griefs which S. Peter expresseth by ὠδῖνας τοῦθανάτου Act. 2. the pangs or throes of death, and that fear that extorted a desire to be freed from it, as it is insinuated by that in Heb.5.7. he was delivered from what he feared; for so the words, being nothing else but an Hebraism, are to be rendred, εἰσακουθεὶς ἀπο τῆς εὐλαβείας. And we are wont to call this the language and dictate of Nature which lawfully endeavours to preserve it self, though presently an higher principle must bring all these under a subjection to God, and a free submission to his good pleasure: as it was with our Saviour, who moderated all these passions by a ready resignment of himself and his own Will up to the Will of God; and though his Humanity crav'd for ease and relaxation, yet that Divine Nature that was within him would not have it with any repugnancy to the supreme Will of God.
are contiguous to the body and are lives of the body, and so seem to spring from the composition of the bodies" Brittain and Brennan, Simplicius: On Epictetus Handbook 1-26, p. 41 and note, p. 126.
5–6 a man of sorrows and acquainted with griefs ] Isaiah, 53,3: "He is despised and reiected of men, a man of sorrows, and acquainted with griefe: and we hid as it were our faces from him; hee was despised, and wee esteemed him not."
2 τὸἀνθρώπινον ] "being human"
8–9 bitter cup might pass from him ] Matthew 26, 39: "And he went a little further, and fell on his face, and prayed, saying, O my father, if it be possible, let this cup passe from me: neuerthelesse, not as I will, but as thou wilt."; cf. Matthew 26,42
ὠδῖνας τοῦθανάτου
11 Act. 2. the pangs or throes of death ] Acts 2, 24: "Whom God hath raised up, having loosed the pains of death: because it was not possible that he should be holden of it." 12–13 Heb.5.7. he was delivered from what he feared ] Hebrews 5,7: "Who in the days of his flesh, when he had offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying and tears unto him that was able to save him from death, and was heard in that he feared;" 14 εἰσακουθεὶς ἀπο τῆς εὐλαβείας ] lit. "having been heard in his reverent submission"
10
] "agony of death"
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logo_na_horiz_QUADRI_2019.jpg
plaie tile ESS NOUVELLE-AQUITAINE
Accès à un avis spécialisé en téléexpertise en 48h Accès à un avis spécialisé en téléexpertise en 48h
Aide à la coordination du parcours de soins Aide à la coordination du parcours de soins
Expertise sur le lieu de vie en téléconsultation assistée Expertise sur le lieu de vie en téléconsultation assistée
Téléassistance médicale aux gestes techniques Téléassistance médicale aux gestes techniques
PLAIETILE ACCOMPAGNE LES PROFESSIONNELS DE SANTE DANS LA CICATRISATION DE LEURS PATIENTS
EQUIPE DE SOINS SPECIALISES REGIONALE PLAIES ET CICATRISATION
logo_na_horiz_QUADRI_2019.jpg
L'organisation
L'ESS Plaietile est une nouvelle forme d'organisation collective, portée par une association loi 1901, qui collabore avec l'ensemble des acteurs en cicatrisation
UN GUICHET NUMERIQUE
Une solution numérique vous permet d'adresser une demande d'aide à la prise en charge d'un patient
DES EXPERTS DE LA REGION
Des médecins et IDE partagent du temps de télémédecine au profit des soignants en difficulté et des territoires sousdotés
UNE COORDINATION DE PARCOURS
La coordination médicale et infirmière vous appuie dans l'organisation du parcours patient et les usages numériques
DES CENTRES PARTENAIRES
Des parcours partagés permettent de fluidifier les prises en charge (expertise présentielle et/ou plateau technique)
logo_na_horiz_QUADRI_2019.jpg Le parcours en pratique
L'ESS Plaietile est à disposition des soignants en difficulté dans la prise en charge de patients porteurs de plaies chroniques et/ou complexes (tous types)
3
Une téléconsultation assistée à domicile * est organisée en présence d'un IDE du patient
1
Adressez votre demande sur la solution numérique Omnidoc : omnidoc.fr/plaie-tile
2
Un premier avis spécialisé vous est délivré en téléexpertise sur Omnidoc sous 48h
4
Une
proposition de plan
de soins
est transmise à
l'ensemble de l'équipe
soignante
5
Un télésuivi de la cicatrisation est mis en place durant tout l'épisode de soins
*
La téléconsultation ne nécessite aucune
solution numérique supplémentaire
Scannez le QR code pour accéder à Omnidoc
ESS
NOUVELLE-AQUITAINE
plaietile.fr
plaie tile
Plaietile est un dispositif d'exercice coordonné en plaies et cicatrisation qui accompagne les soignants de Nouvelle-Aquitaine dans la prise en charge de patients atteints de plaies chroniques et/ou complexes.
En collaboration avec les organisations de ville, dont les CPTS, les centres de cicatrisation et les établissements de santé, l'ESS Plaietile vise l'amélioration de l'accès aux soins et des parcours en cicatrisation.
Association Plaietile Nouvelle-Aquitaine 35 avenue Paul Pras, 64100 BAYONNE Tél : 05 54 81 04 50 - firstname.lastname@example.org
EQUIPE DE SOINS SPECIALISES REGIONALE PLAIES ET CICATRISATION
Comment adresser une demande d'aide à la prise en charge ?
Accédez à la page Omnidoc de l'ESS Plaietile puis rédigez votre demande en insérant de photographies de la plaie.
Curseur
avec un
remplissage
Une image contenant Police,
Graphique logo texte
omnidoc.fr/plaie-tile uni
Scannez le QR code pour accéder à Omnidoc
En partenari at avec
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COMPLETE
Collector: Web Link 1 Web Link 1 (Web Link)
Started: Friday, October 14, 2016 2:28:29 PM Friday, October 14, 2016 2:28:29 PM
Last Modified: Friday, October 14, 2016 3:44:30 PM Friday, October 14, 2016 3:44:30 PM
Time Spent: 01:16:00 01:16:00
IP Address:
22.214.171.124 126.96.36.199
PAGE 2: General Information & District Composition
PAGE 5: Safety & Security
PAGE 6: Safety & Security
PAGE 7: Streetscape/Beautification
Q16: Does your BID provide any supplemental streetscape/beautification services? (If you are unsure what services qualify as supplemental streetscape/beautification, check "yes" to view the list.)
Yes
PAGE 8: Streetscape/Beautification
PAGE 9: Marketing & Communications
Q19:
Does your BID have a Holiday Lighting Program?
Q20:
use?
Which communication channels does your BID
Yes
Paid Advertising, Direct mailings,
Door-to-door visits, Fliers, Email bulletins, Website,
Social media
Q21:
(OPTIONAL) Of the communication channels listed above, which have you found to be most popular and/or effective?
Door-to-door
Q22:
Which social media platforms does your BID
employ?
Q23:
On average, how often do you post on these platforms?
(no label)
Facebook
Twitter
Instagram
Blog
Several times a week
Once a week
Once a month
3 / 8
Facebook, Twitter, Instagram
Q24: For each of the following platforms you employ, how many subscribers/followers do you have?
Email Distribution List
456
Facebook
650
Twitter
334
Instagram
57
Q25: What kinds of marketing collateral does your BID distribute? (Please select all that apply.)
District guides/maps,
Event-Specific Advertisements,
Apparel (e.g. t-shirts)
Q26: How many of each item did your BID distribute during the previous fiscal year?
District guides/maps
30
Event-Specific Advertisements
3025
Coupon books
0
Apparel (e.g. t-shirts)
100
Q27: (OPTIONAL) Of the marketing collateral and social media platforms listed above, what have you found to be most popular and/or effective? Also, please shareany successful or innovative marketing/communication campaigns your BID engaged in during the previous fiscal year.
PAGE 10: Public Events
Q28: Total number of public events coordinated or cocoordinated by your BID during the previous fiscal year:
Q29:
Number of attendees to public events coordinated or co-coordinated by your BID (best estimate):
Q30: (OPTIONAL) Share Your Successes: In the space below, please listany successful or innovative events
your BID hosted during the previous fiscal year and share what made them successful.
PAGE 11: Business Development
4 / 8
Respondent skipped this question
7.0
14500.0
Respondent skipped this question
PAGE 12: Special Programs
PAGE 13: Surveys & Data
Q44: Did your BID conduct any surveys during the previous fiscal year?
Yes
Q45:
Which audience(s) did your BID survey? (Please
Business owners select all that apply)
Q46: Briefly list what datapoints your BID is tracking (not previously described in this report):
We conducted a two part survey that asked business owners about their participation in, advance knowledge of, and suggestions for future street fairs and sidewalk sales weekends.
Q47: Whatdatapoints, not currently in the Trends Report, would you find particularly useful to know about your BID cohort?
Respondent skipped this question
PAGE 14: Goals & Achievements
Q48: Briefly describe any challenges or successes you had in fulfilling your BID's goals from the previous fiscal year (200 words or less):
Increase merchant and property owner engagement: We've been making a concerted effort to do more door-to-door outreach to members and expand our reach over social media.
Increase safety/perception of safety: We've continued to work closely with the 70th Precinct, especially their NCO officers, to bring more attention to the community.
Investigate streetscaping/beautification measures: We met with DOT and the Brooklyn Borough President's office to explore options for sidewalk enhancements and are involved in the NYC BID Association's working group which addresses these projects.
Q49: List three key priorities for your BID for the current fiscal year. Priorities should reflect how the BID seeks to address key needs in your neighborhood. Priorities can be new efforts, or continued efforts from a previous year. Priorities can include anything that will help fulfill the needs of the district; they can include board development, improving sanitation services, hosting a new event series, adjusting an existing program, or anything in between. You may list additional priorities at your discretion.
1
Increase merchant and property owner engagement
2
3
Optional:
Increase safety/perception of safety
Investigate streetscaping measures
Explore possibilties for increasing BID's assessment
Q50: (OPTIONAL) Share Your Successes: In the space below, please feel free to share any key accomplishments your BID made during the previous fiscal year.
Respondent skipped this question
PAGE 15: Fiscal Information: Support & Revenue for FY16 and FY17
Q60: In the space below, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statements.
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WG14 N2063
C Floating Point Study Group Teleconference
July 26, 2016 9 AM PDT / 12 PM EDT
Conference ID: 82968194
Toll-free Dial-in number: 1-888-426-6840
Other (International) Dial In Numbers:
https://www.teleconference.att.com/servlet/glbAccess?process=1&accessCode=82968194&ac cessNumber=2158616239#C3
Screen sharing: https://apps.na.collabserv.com/meetings/join?id=1950-7849, Password:
cfeisdygk
Wiki: http://wiki.edg.com/twiki/bin/login/CFP/WebHome
Draft Agenda
Meeting logistics
Note taker, mail out notes - Rajan
Introduction of attendees
Approval of agenda
Notes from 2016-06-28 meeting
Carry-over action items
Mike: Monitor the Part 5 DTS ballot to determine whether or not to put it in the IEEE-754 revision bibliography. - In progress.
Action items from 2016-06-28 meeting
Jim: Check one of the files from the EDG backup for testing the off site backup.
Jim: Correction of David H's name in the minutes from last meeting.
Work Item: Discuss writing up this issue (email reflector message 14283) as a DR against C11.
Jim: Create a DR for Part 1 for email reflector message 14280.
Work Item: DR for Part 3 with words needed for email reflector message 14285.
Work Item: DR for Part 3 with words needed for email reflector message 14282 first part.
Work Item: DR for Part 3 with words needed for email reflector message 14282 second part (tgmath).
Work Item: Consider changing the specification to reflect the C11 and IEEE mechanism of conversion
to strings to see what it would look like (re Fred's DFP to character string email) in Part 2.
Study group logistics
Next meeting date: August 30
IEEE 754 revision– report
ARITH23 – report
C++ liaison – report
Part 5 – status
Email comments from Joseph Myers – continue discussion -- resolve
Proposals for C standard – continue discussion
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CERTIFIKÁT
TÜV SÜD Slovakia s.r.o.
Certifikačný orgán systémov manažérstva
akreditovaný SNAS
osvedčenie o akreditácii č. R-097
potvrdzuje, že organizácia
BRANTNER Slovakia s.r.o.
Pestovateľská 2
SK – 821 04 Bratislava
IČO: 31 698 336
Prevádzka Myjava
zaviedla a používa
systém energetického manažérstva v oblasti
Modernizácia a prevádzka verejného osvetlenia.
Auditom, správa č. 0074/40/21/EG/AS/C
bolo preukázané, že sú splnené
požiadavky normy
STN EN ISO 50001:2020
Certifikát je platný od 2021-12-21 do 2024-12-20
Registračné číslo certifikátu EG 0074-1
Bratislava, 2021-12-21
TÜV SÜD Slovakia s.r.o.
Certifikačný orgán systémov manažérstva
člen skupiny TÜV SÜD
Jašikova 6, 821 03 Bratislava
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Ressort: Reise & Tourismus
A Conference on City Breaks in Valladolid
Rome, 02.10.2018 [ENA]
The UNWTO, a United Nations specialized agency, is the leading international organization with the decisive and central role in promoting the development of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. A Conference on City Breaks: Creating Innovative Experiences, which will take place in Valladolid on 15-16 October 2018 is an international event organized by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).
City tourism has become one of the fastest emergent segments worldwide, fascinating all types of visitors. A short holiday spent in a city is now normal for many travelers all over the world, whether it's two days in Venice or five in New York. City breaks are a great way to escape for a few days. Taking place in the city of Valladolid, the conference will address different areas of specialization that can contribute to the successful positioning of urban destinations as City Breaks. As a destination which is a point of reference, Valladolid is devoted to a clear strategy in active, enological and cultural tourism.
The conference will operate as a platform to exchange experiences and viewpoints on the potential as well as challenges of city breaks as leisure experiences for travelers that are both diverse and immediate. When it comes to city breaks and weekends away, location is everything. The meeting will explore the various and innovative segments cities can bring together, with special emphasis on technology, governance and public-private collaboration models that allow for their appropriate implementation.
Bericht online lesen:
http://moto-gp.en-a.de/reise_tourismus/a_conference_on_city_breaks_in_valladolid-72360/
Redaktion und Verantwortlichkeit:
V.i.S.d.P. und gem. § 6 MDStV: Dr. Carlo Marino
Redaktioneller Programmdienst: European News Agency
Annette-Kolb-Str. 16
Telefon: +49 (0) 841-951. 99.660
Telefax: +49 (0) 841-951. 99.661
Email: email@example.com Internet: european-news-agency.com
D-85055 Ingolstadt
Haftungsausschluss:
Der Herausgeber übernimmt keine Haftung für die Richtigkeit oder Vollständigkeit der veröffentlichten Meldung, sondern stellt lediglich den Speicherplatz für die Bereitstellung und den Zugriff auf Inhalte Dritter zur Verfügung. Für den Inhalt der Meldung ist der allein jeweilige Autor verantwortlich.
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| 2,387
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Complete Integration. Complete Protection.
MASTER YOUR ENVIRONMENT WITH PRO-WATCH ®
Enables an enterprise to benefit from the seamless integration of all of its security solutions, giving complete visibility of all the connected systems, in turn mitigating business risks.
It's designed to protect people and property, optimize productivity, and ensure compliance with industry regulations. And it saves time and money by providing actionable intelligence and reducing operational costs.
INTELLIGENT COMMAND
A web-based interface that gives organizations total situational awareness of their security system. The seamless integration of video and access control solutions provides actionable intelligence that facilitates rapid decision making with incidents and associated workflows configured in the system, allowing standard operating procedures to be monitored.
VIDEO MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
viewer. Multiple Pro-Watch NVRs can be deployed for system expansion using a distributed architecture and are integrated with the Pro-Watch VMS enterprise video management system with Integrated Security Suite. Video analytics is a powerful tool to provide means for improved situational awareness, insights for increasing efficiency and reduce workload on security and management staff in turn increasing returns from existing surveillance infrastructure.
Controls multiple sources of video subsystems to collect, manage and present video in a clear and concise manner. It also intelligently determines the capabilities of each subsystem across various sites, allowing video management of digital video devices through a unified configuration and
For More Information
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VISITOR MANAGEMENT
With Lobby Works, visitor registration is quick and simple and can take place at a guard station or an optional self-registration kiosk. It will boost your visitor security; enable the organization to have a complete, centralized record of all visitors; and enhance overall customer service levels.
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This application can help to improve productivity and efficiency, as it enables users to access the Pro-Watch Integrated Security Suite from a mobile iOS or Android operating system.
This means quick and easy access to system information at any time of the day or night. It also enables administrators to manage credentials remotely.
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finepdfs
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| 2,525
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COMMUNIQUÉ
POUR DIFFUSION IMMÉDIATE
Fermeture des frontières : le gouvernement canadien répond aux préoccupations du milieu agricole et agroalimentaire
Longueuil, 18 mars 2020 – L'Union des producteurs agricoles (UPA) est soulagée de la décision du gouvernement canadien, qui a confirmé que les travailleurs étrangers temporaires (TET) pourront entrer au pays, malgré la fermeture de nos frontières.
« Le gouvernement canadien a pris la bonne décision. Empêcher la venue de ces travailleurs aurait entraîné des conséquences désastreuses sur le secteur agricole, plus particulièrement horticole (fruits, légumes, etc.), mais surtout sur le coût du panier d'épicerie des Canadiens et des Canadiennes », a déclaré le président général de l'UPA, Marcel Groleau.
Le ministre canadien de la Sécurité publique et de la Protection civile, Bill Blair, a en effet confirmé aux médias aujourd'hui que « les étudiants internationaux, les travailleurs sous visa et les travailleurs étrangers temporaires pourront également entrer au Canada, à la condition de respecter la demande du gouvernement de s'isoler pendant 14 jours (sic) ».
Rappelons que l'UPA, l'Association des producteurs maraîchers du Québec, le Conseil de la transformation alimentaire du Québec et Sollio Groupe Coopératif ont indiqué ce matin qu'en raison de la pénurie de main-d'œuvre dans le secteur agricole, la présence au Québec des quelque 16 000 TET en provenance du Mexique, du Guatemala et d'autres pays était essentielle à la filière agroalimentaire québécoise. Sans leur arrivée à partir du mois prochain, plus particulièrement dans le secteur horticole, la saison de production était compromise et ouvrait la porte à une explosion de la facture d'épicerie. C'est pourquoi une exemption était demandée pour ces travailleurs, accompagnée d'un protocole très strict pour encadrer leur arrivée.
L'UPA est actuellement en communication avec les autorités gouvernementales concernées pour obtenir tous les détails entourant l'annonce. Il est toutefois possible qu'un certain nombre de TET, compte tenu de la pandémie, ne puisse se rendre au Canada. La recherche de main-d'œuvre québécoise, par le biais des centres d'emploi agricole, est donc toujours en cours.
Source :
Patrice Juneau Conseiller principal, contenu stratégique et relations médias 450 679-0540, poste 8591 | 514 702-8591 | email@example.com
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Katedra Pedagogiki Rodziny Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawła II Centrum Edukacji Nauczycieli LECHAA Lubelski Oddział Polskiego Stowarzyszenia Nauczycieli NPR
Zapraszają na
Ogólnopolską Konferencję Naukową nt. Miłość, małżeństwo, rodzina jako wyzwanie pedagogiczne w czasach seksualizacji młodzieży
która odbędzie się 8 kwietnia 2014 r.
w auli im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego KUL, Al. Racławickie 14, Lublin Program konferencji:
WSTĘP WOLNY
Więcej informacji na stronie: www.nauczyciele.lechaa.pl
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VJEŽBA 6. EVOLUCIJA KONJA
UVOD
Budući da postoji mnoštvo fosilnih podataka može se sa velikom preciznošću rekonstruirati razvojni niz konja. Povijest konja započinje malenom šumskom životinjicom (Hyracotherium) prije 55 mil. god. u eocenu. Fosilni ostaci ove vrste pronađeni su u Europi i Sjevernoj Americi, ali tijekom oligocena europski potomci Hyracotherium-a izumiru. Razvoj konja nastavlja se u Americi. Za vrijeme oligocena klima u tom području postaje sušnija, a šume ustupaju mjesto travnjacima. Ove promjene potiču razvoj novih tipova konja: Mesohippus (prije 40 mil. god.) i Miohippus (prije 36 mil. god.) koji iz šume polako prodiru na travnjake. U miocenu se u Americi pojavljuju trave koje sadrže silicij u svojim stjenkama, što uzrokuje daljnju evoluciju i pojavu prvih konja koji se isključivo hrane travom (Merychippus). Iz ovog roda razvilo se daljnjom evolucijom najmanje 16 vrsta prakonja koji su poznati pod zajedničkim imenom "hiparion" (troprsti konji). Ovi su se konji raširili u Europu, Aziju i Južnu Ameriku prije 15 mil. godina. Istovremeno u Sjevernoj Americi dolazi do daljnje evolucije konja i razvoja roda Equus prije 4 mil. godina. Prije otprilike 2,6 mil. god. vrste roda Equus rasprostranile su se u Europu, a zatim dalje u Aziju i sjevernu Afriku. Od njih je u Euroaziji nastao današnji konj E. caballus, u Aziji E. przewalskii, zebre i kvaga u Africi, te magarci. Neki su se predstavnici ovog roda proširili i u Južnu Ameriku, ali su kasnije izumrli. Stari troprstni konji s vremenom su također izumrli. Dakle, prije milijun godina vrste roda Equus bile su rasprostranjene po cijelom svijetu! Pred kraj pleistocena izumrli su i pravi konji u Sjevernoj Americi! Razlozi njihovog izumiranja nisu još u potpunosti razjašnjeni. Neki znanstvenici drže da su na to utjecali ljudi, koji su također tijekom pleistocena prodrli u Ameriku. U svakom slučaju po prvi puta nakon 55 milijuna godina Amerika je ostala bez konja. Tek 1492. nakon otkrića Amerike, evropski doseljenici donijeli su prave konje (Equus) ponovo u Ameriku.
Konji su vrlo uspješan rod. Međutim, neke su vrste čovjekovom zaslugom izumrle: europski divlji konj - tarpan (E. gmelini) i kvaga (E. quagga). Danas je u divljini opstao mongolski divlji konj (E. przewalskii), afričke zebre (E. brunchellii, E. grevyi), te endemične podvrste magaraca (primjerice: kiang, kulan, onager).
UPUTE: promotrite sliku 1 . Ona prikazuje građu nogu fosilnih i recentne vrste konja, te izgled i veličinu zuba. Male sličice nogu ukazuju na odnos veličine nogu među navedenim svojtama konja.
1. Označite na slici 1:
* crvenom bojom kosti prstiju (phalangers)
* plavom bojom kosti stopala (stopalne - metatarsus)
* zelenom bojom kosti gležnja (zastopaljne - tarsus)
* žutom bojom kosti u peti (calcaneus)
2. Na temelju slike ispunite tablicu 1.
3. Odgovorite na pitanja.
Tablica 1. Građa nogu i zuba u konja.
| | Hyracotherium | Miohippus | Merychippus | Equus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Broj prstiju | | | | |
| Broj kosti u prstima | | | | |
| Broj kosti stopala | | | | |
| Broj kosti gležnja | | | | |
| Broj kosti u peti | | | | |
| Ukupan broj kosti | | | | |
| Dužina noge (mm) | | | | |
| Visina zuba (mm) | | | | |
PITANJA
1. Koje su se ekološke promjene desile tijekom evolucije od Hyracotherium-a do Equus-a?
2. Koje su se promjene desile u građi tijela konja tijekom evolucije od Hyracotherium-a do Equus-a?
3. Kako se mijenjala visina konja?
4. Kako se promijenio oblik i veličina zuba?
5. Na temelju tablice 1 opišite ukratko promjene u građi nogu tijekom evolucije konja.
6. Kako je prirodnim odabirom došlo do takvih promjena?
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<urn:uuid:168e928a-7847-4490-b8e2-5056582115fe>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/hrv_Latn/train
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finepdfs
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hrv_Latn
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TMHMA KOINΩΝΙΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΑ ΧΕΙΜΕΡΙΝΟΥ ΕΞΑΜΗΝΟΥ 2017-18
Τα ECTS των ακολούθων πινάκων ισχύουν, για τους φοιτητές που ενεγράφησαν στο Τμήμα Κοινωνιολογίας από το Ακαδημαϊκό έτος 2014-15 και έπειτα, σύμφωνα με τους αντίστοιχους οδηγούς σπουδών.
Υποχρεωτικά Α΄ Εξαμήνου (ΥΠΟ)
2. Εισαγωγικά στη Βιομηχανική Επανάσταση: η απαρχή της καθεαυτό νεότερης εποχής
3. Κοινωνικό-οικονομικές αλλαγές στην δυτική Ευρώπη τα πρώιμα νεότερα χρόνια (1450-1800): Εμπορική Επανάσταση, Εμπορικός Καπιταλισμός και Πρωτοεκβιομηχάνιση
4. Εμπορικός Καπιταλισμός και Απόλυτη Μοναρχία - Η άνοδος της νεωτερικής επιστήμης
5. H κοινωνία τις παραμονές της Βιομηχανικής και της Γαλλικής Επανάστασης: όψεις αλλαγής και όψεις στασιμότητας – ύπαιθρος και πόλη
6. O Διαφωτισμός από την οπτική της κοινωνικής ιστορίας: οι πολλαπλές όψεις του Διαφωτισμού, το κοινωνικό κλίμα, οι αξίες του - κανάλια πρόσληψης και διάδοσης των ιδεών του Διαφωτισμού
8. Εισαγωγή στη Γαλλική Επανάσταση (ΓΕ) (1789-1799): το κορυφαίο επαναστατικό γεγονός 9. H β΄ φάση της ΒΕ στην Αγγλία και η εκβιομηχάνιση στην ηπειρωτική Ευρώπη (1830-1914) 10. Συνέπειες της BE στη Δυτική Ευρώπη, από τη σκοπιά της κοινωνικής ιστορίας.
7. H Bιομηχανική Επανάσταση (ΒΕ), μια «δυτικό-ευρωπαϊκή» επανάσταση - η πρωτοκαθεδρία της Βρετανίας: πολλαπλά αίτια εκκίνησης της ΒΕ και η α΄ φάση της ΒΕ στην Αγγλία
Επιλέξτε μια ξένη γλώσσα :
Υποχρεωτικά Γ΄ Εξαμήνου (ΥΠΟ):
για δύο ή περισσότερα δείγματα, συσχέτιση ( Pearson, Spearman rho ), απλή γραμμική παλινδρόμηση.
Υποχρεωτικές Επιλεγόμενες Παραδόσεις (ΥΕΠ):
ΘΕΩΚ205 ΝΕΟ
ΠΛΗΚ253
ΠΟΛΚ266
ΠΟΛΚ267 ΝΕΟ
(Bourdieu, Bernstein, Bowles, S. & Gintis, Blackledge, D. & Hunt, B. κ.α. ). Αφετέρου, θα μελετηθεί το ζήτημα της ένταξης των μαθητών και μαθητριών που είναι παιδιά μεταναστών και μειονοτήτων, δηλαδή μαθητές με διαφορετική μητρική γλώσσα, εθνική ταυτότητα ή/και θρησκεία, στο ελληνικό σχολείο (Cummins, Φραγκουδάκη, Σκούρτου, Ανδρούσου, Ασκούνη, Δραγώνα, Γκότοβος κ.ά.).
Κοινωνιολογική Θεωρία: Συγκρότηση και Τομές
Φούφουλας
της Κοινωνιολογικής Θεωρίας
Δημήτρης
5 ECTS
Σκοπός του μαθήματος: Η Εξοικείωση των φοιτητών με τις ιστορικές και πνευματικές συνθήκες που ευνόησαν την συγκρότηση της κοινωνιολογικής θεωρίας. Περίγραμμα: Από την Γαλλική Επανάσταση μέχρι και το Β΄ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο, η κοινωνιολογική θεωρία, ως πεδίο αναστοχασμού της συλλογικής ζωής, έχει μια διπλή στόχευση: να προσεγγίσει κριτικά τα κοινωνικά φαινόμενα της νεωτερικότητας και να τα μετασχηματίσει συμβάλλοντας στην άρση των διαιρέσεων που αυτά εμπεριέχουν. Αντλώντας «παραδείγματα» από την Γαλλία και τη Γερμανία, θα δείξουμε πως το πέρασμα στην βιομηχανική εποχή θέτει το πλαίσιο για την ανάπτυξη της κοινωνιολογικής θεωρίας και πως η τελευταία, μέσα από δάνεια και κριτικές, φιλοδοξεί να μετατραπεί σε δύναμη κοινωνικής αλλαγής.
Κοινωνιολογία της Κοινωνίας των Πληροφοριών
και του διαδικτύου
Σαματάς Μηνάς
5 ECTS
Σκοπός του μαθήματος: Η εξέταση πρώτιστα των σχετικών εννοιών και θεωριών της λεγόμενης «Κοινωνίας των Πληροφοριών» (Κ.Π.) καθώς και μια εισαγωγή στην «Κοινωνιολογία του Διαδικτύου (Internet) » και στην «Κοινωνική Πληροφορική».
Περιεχόμενο: Οι θεματικές ενότητες του μαθήματος (ανά εβδομάδα) περιλαμβάνουν:
1.Εισαγωγή 2. Θεωρητικές Προσεγγίσεις Α:Οι θεωρίες της τομής
3. Θεωρητικές Προσεγγίσεις Β : Oι θεωρίες της συνέχειας
4. Οι νέες τεχνολογίες και οι συντελεστές δημιουργίας της Κοινωνίας των Πληροφοριών
5. Η φωτεινή πλευρά της Κοινωνίας των Πληροφοριών
6. Η σκοτεινή πλευρά της Κοινωνίας των Πληροφοριών
7. Η Κοινωνιολογία του Διαδικτύου (Internet) Α
8 . Η Κοινωνιολογία του Διαδικτύου (Internet) Β
9. Η Κοινωνιολογία στο Διαδίκτυο 10. Η Κοινωνία των Πληροφοριών σε διάφορα πεδία εφαρμογών
11. Η νέα ψηφιακή εποχή: Προβληματισμοί, προκλήσεις και προσδοκίες 12. Η Ελλάδα και η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (e -Europe) στην Κοινωνία των Πληροφοριών . Η Παγκόσμια Κοινωνία Πληροφοριών:
13. Επισκόπηση της εξεταστέας ύλης και συζήτηση για τις εργασίες και τις εξετάσεις.
Κοινωνιολογία της Παρακολούθησης και της Ιδιωτικότητας
Σαματάς Μηνάς
5 ECTS
Σκοπός του μαθήματος: Η κοινωνιολογική ανάλυση του φαινομένου του "πανοπτισμού" και της λεγόμενης 'νέας-ηλεκτρονικής παρακολούθησης', καθώς και της συρρίκνωσης της "ιδιωτικότητας" σε διάφορα πεδία.
Περιεχόμενο: 1. EIΣΑΓΩΓΗ. 2. ΤΟ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΟ ΚΑΙ ΘΕΩΡΗΤΙΚΟ ΠΛΑΙΣΙΟ
3. Η ΣΥΓΧΡΟΝΗ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΠΑΡΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΗΣΗΣ :
4. H MΕΤΑ ΤΗΝ 11/9/2001 ΠΑΡΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΗΣΗ & ΙΔΙΩΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ:
5. ΠΑΡΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΗΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΙΔΙΩΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ ΣΤΟ ΔΙΑΔΙΚΤΥΟ ΚΑΙ ΣΤΙΣ ΕΠΙΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΕΣ
6. ΒΙΟΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ: ΣΩΜΑΤΙΚΗ, ΒΙΟΜΕΤΡΙΚΗ, ΒΙΟΓΕΝΕΤΙΚΗ ΠΑΡΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΗΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΙΔΙΩΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ
7. ΠΑΡΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΗΣΗ & ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗ ΑΝΙΣΟΤΗΤΑ, ΟΙΚΟΓΕΝΕΙΑΚΑ ΚΑΙ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΑ ΠΡΟΒΛΗΜΑΤΑ
8. ΠΑΡΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΗΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΙΔΙΩΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ ΣΤΟΝ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑΚΟ ΧΩΡΟ
9. ΠΑΡΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΗΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΙΔΙΩΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ ΣΤΑ ΜΜΕ ΚΑΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΨΥΧΑΓΩΓΙΑ. 10. ΟΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΕΣ ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΙΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΙΔΙΩΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑΣ, Ο ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΑΚΟΣ ΑΥΤΟΚΑΘΟΡΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΙ ΑΡΧΕΣ ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΙΑΣ, ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΑΝΤΙΣΤΑΣΕΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΗΣΗ. 11 ΠΑΡΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΗΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΙΔΙΩΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΣΕ ΣΧΕΣΗ ΜΕ ΤΗΝ Ε.Ε. και άλλες χώρες
Τοπικότητα, Παγκοσμιοποίηση και Κοινωνική
Οικονομάκης
Μεταβολή σε Περιόδους Κρίσης
Λεωνίδας
5 ECTS
Το μάθημα αυτό περιστρέφεται γύρω από "μικρούς τόπους και μεγάλα ζητήματα." Σκοπό έχει την εξοικείωση των φοιτητών και των φοιτητριών με τις έννοιες της τοπικότητας, και της παγκοσμιοποίησης υπό το πρίσμα του κοινωνικού μετασχηματισμού, καθώς και με τους προβληματισμούς και τις συγκρούσεις γύρω από και μεταξύ αυτών. Πέρα από τη θεωρητική προσέγγιση των ζητημάτων θα παρουσιαστούν εκτεταμένα και μελέτες χαρακτηριστικών περιπτώσεων που τα αναδεικνύουν εμπειρικά. Το μάθημα εμφανίζει επίσης συνέργεια με άλλα μαθήματα του τμήματος, συμπληρώνοντάς τα.
ΣΚΕΚ201 ΝΕΟ
Περίληψη/περίγραμμα: Το μάθημα ξεκινά με δυο εισαγωγικά μαθήματα στις έννοιες της τοπικότητας, και της παγκοσμιοποίησης. Οι μεταβολές που επιφέρει το φαινόμενο της παγκοσμιοποίησης σε όλες του τις διαστάσεις στις τοπικές κοινωνίες και οι αντιστάσεις που αυτές προβάλουν αποτελούν το αντικείμενο του τρίτου μαθήματος. Το τέταρτο μάθημα είναι αφιερωμένο στις θεωρίες κοινωνικού μετασχηματισμού κυρίως εκείνες που σχετίζονται με τα ζητήματα της τοπικότητας και της παγκοσμιοποίησης και που απετέλεσαν επίσης και το αντικείμενο της διδακτορικής διατριβής του διδάσκοντος. Το πέμπτο μάθημα θα ασχοληθεί με τις μορφές και της μεθόδους της συλλογικής δράσης και τη θεωρία των κοινωνικών κινημάτων, με σκοπό οι φοιτητές και οι φοιτήτριες να αντιληφθούν τους τρόπους αντίστασης στο "παγκόσμιο." Το έκτο μάθημα είναι μεθοδολογικό και έχει να κάνει με την προσέγγιση του διδάσκοντος στη μελέτη των περιπτώσεων που ακολουθούν: θα γίνει εισαγωγή στην κοινωνική ανθρωπολογία και την πολιτική εθνογραφία, ειδικότερα σε σχέση με τη μελέτη των τοπικών κοινωνιών μέσα στα πλαίσια της παγκοσμιοποίησης και τις προκλήσεις που η δεύτερη επιφέρει στις παραδοσιακές μεθόδους ανθρωπολογικής και κοινωνιολογικής έρευνας. Από το έβδομο μάθημα ξεκινούν οι παρουσιάσεις μελετών περίπτωσης με την πρώτη να επικεντρώνεται στα χαρακτηριστικά και την ιστορική εξέλιξη του κινήματος ενάντια στην παγκοσμιοποίηση. Το όδγοο μάθημα εχει να κάνει με την Λατινοαμερικανική εμπειρία της αντίστασης στη νεοφιλελεύθερη μεταστροφή που πραγματοποιήθηκε εκεί τη δεκαετία του '90 (τη "χαμένη δεκαετία" όπως αποκαλείται), καθώς και στα κινήματα που αντιστάθηκαν σε αυτή από το 1998 και έπειτα, έως και την επικράτηση των κυβερνήσεων της "ροζ παλλίρροιας" και την αριστερή μεταστροφή της ηπείρου. Το ένατο μάθημα είναι αφιερωμένο στο πρόταγμα της αυτονομίας και στην περίπτωση του Ζαπατιστικού κινήματος, που επίσης αποτέλεσε αντικείμενο της διδακτορικής διατριβής του διδάσκοντος και στο οποίο έχει αφιερώσει πάνω από ένα χρόνο έρευνας πεδίου. Το επόμενο μάθημα περιστρέφεται γύρω από το ζήτημα των κρίσεων, και πώς αυτές αντιμετωπίζονται στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία ως περίοδοι "συμπιεσμένου χρόνου" καθώς και ως "ευκαιρίες" για κοινωνικούς πειραματισμούς. Το εντέκατο μάθημα έχει να κάνει με τις επιπτώσεις της μετανάστευσης ή της ανάγκης αυτής στις τοπικές κοινωνίες, ενώ το προτελευταίο μάθημα είναι αφιερωμένο στην αντίσταση ενάντια στην παγκοσμιοποίηση "εκ δεξιών," καθώς και στο φαινόμενο της ενδυνάμωσης των ακροδεξιών κινημάτων και κομμάτων. Το τελευταίο μάθημα είναι συνοπτικό. Σε αυτό θα παρουσιαστούν και τυχόν εργασίες που έχουν αναληφθεί από τις φοιτήτριες και τους φοιτητές.
Παραγωγικές αναδιαρθρώσεις και εργασιακές σχέσεις
Καρακιουλάφη
Χριστίνα,
Β. Αρανίτου
5 ECTS
(νέο Διατμηματικό)
Περίληψη: Το μάθημα εξετάζει τις αλλαγές στα παραγωγικά πρότυπα από τα τέλη του 19ου αιώνα μέχρι και τις μέρες μας, καθώς και τις επιπτώσεις αυτών των αλλαγών στην οργάνωση της εργασίας και τις εργασιακές σχέσεις.
Μέσα από την παρουσίαση του «μεγάλου μετασχηματισμού» της νεωτερικής κοινωνίας, το πέρασμα στην εποχή του κεφαλαίου, του βιομηχανικού καπιταλισμού και την οικονομία της αγοράς, θα αναδειχτούν οι αλλαγές στις κοινωνικές σχέσεις και ειδικότερα στον τομέα της εργασίας. Τέλος, θα επιχειρηθεί να συσχετιστεί η λεγόμενη περίοδος της παγκοσμιοποίησης με το φαινόμενο της ελαστικοποίησης των εργασιακών σχέσεων και την επέκταση της «flexicurity» σε όλα σχεδόν τα πεδία της κοινωνίας.
Στόχος του μαθήματος είναι να αναδειχθεί ο κατεξοχήν διεπιστημονικός χαρακτήρας των παραπάνω ζητημάτων μέσα από την παρουσίαση αναλύσεων και προσεγγίσεων προερχόμενων σχεδόν από το σύνολο των κοινωνικών επιστημών (κοινωνιολογία, πολιτική επιστήμη, πολιτική οικονομία).
Περίγραμμα μαθήματος:
1. Ιστορική εξέλιξη και ρόλος της εργασίας.
2. Καπιταλισμός: μια περιοδολόγηση
3. Πρώιμες θεωρήσεις για την εργασία
4. Πρώιμες θεωρήσεις για τις εργασιακές σχέσεις
5. Τευλορισμός και εφαρμογή των αρχών του επιστημονικού μάνατζμεντ στην εργασία
6. Φορντισμός και η εγκαινίαση της μαζικής παραγωγής
7. Οι επιπτώσεις των αλλαγών στο παραγωγικό πρότυπο και την οργάνωση της εργασίας (Τευλορισμός-Φορντισμός) για τους εργαζόμενους και τις εργασιακές σχέσεις & κριτικές που τους έχουν ασκηθεί.
- Σχολή ανθρωπίνων σχέσεων (Elton Mayo...)
- Σχολή Εργασιακής διαδικασίας (Braverman, Burawoy…)
8. Η κρίση του 1929 : οικονομικές, κοινωνικές, πολιτικές επιπτώσεις :
- Οικονομικές επιπτώσεις
- Κοινωνικές επιπτώσεις : η ανεργία στην καρδιά του κοινωνιολογικού ενδιαφέροντος (Lazarsfeld, Jahoda…)
- Πολιτικές επιπτώσεις
9. Μαζική παραγωγή και μαζική κατανάλωση
10. Κοινωνικό κράτος / μια νέα διευθέτηση
11. Δεκαετία 1970 : Πετρελαϊκή κρίση και αλλαγές στο παραγωγικό πρότυπο --
Μεταφορντισμός, νέα τεχνολογία και εργασία
12. Ευέλικτη παραγωγή // μοντέλο Τρίτης Ιταλίας
13. Παγκοσμιοποίηση / σύγχρονη οικονομική κρίση και επιπτώσεις για την εργασία και τις εργασιακές σχέσεις
Υποχρεωτικά Επιλεγόμενα Σεμινάρια (ΥΕΣ):
ΑΝΑΚ375
Β
Ειδικά Θέματα: Τρίτος Κόσμος και Ανάπτυξη
Πετροπούλου
7 ECTS
Ευγενία
ΚΜΜΚ390 Β+Γ+Δ
καπιταλισμό και τον ρόλο που διαδραματίζει σε κάθε περίπτωση η τοπικά ιδιόμορφη εργασιακή ηθική.
Αξιολόγηση: Παρουσίαση εργασίας στο σεμινάριο και ενεργή συμμετοχή• υποβολή γραπτής εργασίας 3000-3500 λέξεων, στο τέλος του εξαμήνου.
Ειδικά Θέματα στην Κοινωνιολογία του Φύλου
και των ΜΜΕ
Κωνσταντινίδου
Χριστίνα
7 ECTS
Στόχος του συγκεκριμένου σεμιναρίου είναι η ανάλυση της κοινωνικής αναπαράστασης των έμφυλων σχέσεων στα σύγχρονα μέσα επικοινωνίας. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, εξετάζονται, οι διαδικασίες κατασκευής της κοινωνικής πραγματικότητας και το εγχείρημα της εδραίωσης της κοινωνικής συναίνεσης από τα μέσα επικοινωνίας σε άμεση συνάρτηση με τη συγκρότηση και αναπαραγωγή των κυρίαρχων ορισμών και ιδεολογιών γύρω από το φύλο. Θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο και μεθοδολογικά εργαλεία για τις εμπειρικές εργασίες αντλούνται από τη φεμινιστική κριτική και ανάλυση των μέσων από τη δεκαετία του 70 μέχρι τις μέρες μας, σε σχέση με τις ευρύτερες εξελίξεις στο χώρο της κοινωνιολογίας των μέσων επικοινωνίας και της κοινωνιολογίας του φύλου.
ΚΟΙΚ322 Α+Β Οικονομική Κοινωνιολογία
Κονιόρδος Σωκράτης
7 ECTS
…Το σεμινάριο αποσκοπεί στη συστηματική και σε βάθος μελέτη σειράς κοινωνιολογικών θεωριών και προσεγγίσεων για την οικονομία και την οικονομική ζωή, οι οποίες μπορεί να είναι εναλλακτικές, αντιθετικές, ή συμπληρωματικές μεταξύ τους.
Ενδεικτικό Θεματολόγιο:
1. Η πολιτική οικονομία και η κριτική της: Κ. Μαρξ.
2. Οικονομική δράση κι ορθολογική οργάνωση στη Βεμπεριανή κοινωνιολογία του καπιταλισμού.
3. Ο Ζίμελ και η κοινωνιολογία του καπιταλισμού (Φιλοσοφία του Χρήματος).
4. Η δομο-λειτουργιστική θεωρία για την οικονομία Τ. Πάρσονς (καθώς και η Economy and Society των Τ. Πάρσονς και Ν. Σμέλσερ).
5. Κοινωνικο-οικονομική ανάπτυξη και νέο-μαξιστικές θεωριές.
7. Το κοινωνικό κεφάλαιο και μερικά από τα προβλήματά του: Π. Μπουρντιέ, Τζ. Σ. Κόλεμαν,
6. Θεωρίες για την κατανόηση των αγροτών (αγρότες και καπιταλισμός): Κ. Κάουτσκι, Β. Ι. Λένιν, Μάο Ζεντόνγκ, Τσαγιάνοφ.
Ρ. Πάτναμ, Α Πόρτες, κ. ά. .
8. Ερμηνείες της αγοράς: Καρλ Μαρξ, Καρλ Πολάνυι, Χάρισον Ουάιτ, κ.ά.
9. Το κράτος, η οικονομία και η κοινωνία - σύγχρονες ελληνικές προσεγγίσεις: Ν. Πουλαντζάς, Κ. Τσουκαλάς, Ν. Μουζέλης, Κ. Βεργόπουλος, κ. ά. .
10. Η «νέα οικονομική κοινωνιολογία»: Κοινωνική έδραση των οικονομικών φαινομένων, κοινωνική κατασκευή, κοινωνικά δίκτυα. Συμβολές των Μ. Γκρανοβέττερ, Ρ. Σουέντμπεργκ, Α. Πόρτες, και άλλων.
Είναι δυνατόν να επιλεγεί θέμα προς παρουσόιαση διάφορο απ΄τα παραπάνω αναφερόμενα,
κατόπιν προηγειθείσας επικοινωνία της/του φητήτριας/ή με τον διδάσκοντα.
Θεωρία και Ανάλυση Λόγου
Σκουλαρίκη Αθηνά
7 ECTS
Η έννοια του λόγου (discourse) ορίζει ένα ιδιαίτερα γόνιμο θεωρητικό και ερευνητικό πεδίο στις κοινωνικές επιστήμες. Ο λόγος δεν αντανακλά απλά μια δεδομένη και «αντικειμενική» πραγματικότητα, αλλά τη νοηματοδοτεί, συναρθρώνοντας τις κοινωνικές δομές και σχέσεις. Σε επίπεδο κειμένου, ο λόγος – συνειδητά ή ασυνείδητα – δηλώνει την ιδεολογική και κοινωνική ταυτότητα του ομιλητή, εκφράζει ένα επιχείρημα και παραπέμπει σε ένα πλαίσιο αναφοράς, υποβάλλοντας έτσι μια συγκεκριμένη ανάγνωση του ζητήματος. Στο σεμινάριο θα αναπτυχθούν οι διαφορετικές προσεγγίσεις της έννοιας του λόγου και οι μέθοδοι ανάλυσης λόγου, ποιοτικές και ποσοτικές. Θα χρησιμοποιηθούν παραδείγματα κειμένων και θα ζητηθεί από τους φοιτητές να ετοιμάσουν εργασίες.
Πολιτικά Κόμματα και Κοινωνική Δράση στη
Αλεξάκης
Μεταπολιτευτική Ελλάδα
Εμμανουήλ
7 ECTS
Στα πλαίσια αυτού του σεμιναρίου το ενδιαφέρον μας επικεντρώνεται στην Ελλάδα της μεταπολιτευτικής περιόδου, και εστιάζει στη μελέτη των πολιτικών κομμάτων και την ειδικότερη σχέση τους με το κράτος και την κοινωνία των πολιτών.
Για να παρακολουθήσει κάποιος το σεμινάριο θα πρέπει να συγκεντρώνει κάποιες προϋποθέσεις (προαπαιτούμενα), π.χ. να έχει παρακολουθήσει ένα ή περισσότερα από τα μαθήματα/σεμινάρια «Εισαγωγή στην Πολιτική Κοινωνιολογία», «Κοινωνιολογία των Πολιτικών Κομμάτων», «Ειδικά Θέματα Πολιτικής Κοινωνιολογίας» και να έχει επίδοση τουλάχιστον «λίαν καλώς».
Η τελική βαθμολογία των φοιτητών διαμορφώνεται σε ποσοστό 70% από την επίδοσή τους στην τελική γραπτή εργασία (3.500 λέξεις, ± 10%) επάνω στο θέμα που επέλεξαν να μελετήσουν, ενώ το υπόλοιπο αφορά: στην παρουσία τους στα σεμινάρια (10%), στην προφορική παρουσίασή του θέματός τους στην αίθουσα (10%), σε συνδυασμό με τη γενικότερη παρουσία και συμμετοχή τους στις συζητήσεις και τις παρουσιάσεις και των άλλων εργασιών (10%).
2 0 / 3 / 2 0 1 8 Σ ε λ ί δ α
ΜΕΘΚ391
Α+Δ
ΠΟΛΚ324 Γ
Κατευθύνσεις μαθημάτων/σεμιναρίων:
Τα μαθήματα ΥΕΚ μπορούν να δηλωθούν και ως ΥΕΠ. Ενιαίος κατάλογος των μαθημάτων και ειδικότερα των κατευθύνσεων στα μαθήματα ΥΕΚ είναι αναρτημένος στον πίνακα ανακοινώσεων στην είσοδο της Γραμματείας του Τμήματος. Σεμινάρια και πρακτική άσκηση μπορούν να δηλωθούν από το 3 ο έτος σπουδών και έπειτα. Πτυχιακή εργασία μπορεί να γίνει από το 4 ο έτος σπουδών και έπειτα.
- Το υποχρεωτικό μάθημα Κοινωνική Στατιστική ΣΤΑΚ130 είναι από το τρέχον χειμερινό εξάμηνο 2017-18 και εξής, μάθημα Γ εξαμήνου.
- Για τους φοιτητές εισαγωγής από 2002-2003 έως και το 2013-14, ισχύει ο προηγούμενος οδηγός σπουδών σύμφωνα με τον οποίο για τη λήψη πτυχίου απαιτούνται 46 μαθήματα συνολικά και 240 ECTS. Αναλυτικά απαιτούνται 11 Υποχρεωτικά μαθήματα (από 6 ECTS το καθένα), 4 Ξ.ΓΛ. (από 5 ECTS το καθένα), 3 ΥΕΚ (1 από κάθε κατεύθυνση Β, Γ, Δ) (από 5 ECTS το καθένα), 16 ΥΕΠ (από 5 ECTS το καθένα), 6 Σεμινάρια (από 5 ECTS το καθένα), 6 Ελεύθερες Επιλογές (από 5 ECTS το καθένα).
- Αφορά τους φοιτητές/τριες που είναι υποχρεωτικό για το πτυχίο τους και που έχουν εισαχθεί μέχρι και το έτος 2001-2002: Το ΦΙΛΚ 115 Κοινωνική και Πολιτική Φιλοσοφία I αντιστοιχείται με οποιοδήποτε μάθημα ΥΕΚ από το πρόγραμμα σπουδών του/της φοιτητή /φοιτήτριας. Η Α΄ κατεύθυνση ισχύει στο ΕΛΕΚ 215 για τους/τις φοιτητές/τριες που έχουν εισαχθεί έως και το ακαδημαϊκό έτος 2001-2002. Κατευθύνσεις στα σεμινάρια απαιτούνται μόνο για της φοιτητές που έχουν εισαχθεί έως και το ακαδημαϊκό έτος 2001-2002. Ενιαίος κατάλογος των κατευθύνσεων στα Υποχρεωτικά Επιλεγόμενα Σεμινάρια είναι αναρτημένος στον πίνακα ανακοινώσεων στην είσοδο της Γραμματείας του Τμήματος.
TMHMA KOINΩΝΙΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΑ ΕΑΡΙΝΟΥ ΕΞΑΜΗΝΟΥ 2017-18
Τα ECTS των ακολούθων πινάκων ισχύουν, για τους φοιτητές που ενεγράφησαν στο Τμήμα Κοινωνιολογίας από το Ακαδημαϊκό έτος 2014-15 και έπειτα, σύμφωνα με τους αντίστοιχους οδηγούς σπουδών.
Υποχρεωτικά Β΄ Εξαμήνου (ΥΠΟ)
Επιλέξτε μια ξένη γλώσσα
Επιλέξτε μια ξένη γλώσσα
Οικονομικά και φιλοσοφικά χειρόγραφα του 1844, Η Γερμανική ιδεολογία, Η 18η Μρυμαίρ
Υποχρεωτικές Επιλεγόμενες Παραδόσεις (ΥΕΠ)
ΑΝΑΚ278
ΝΕΟ
Προσεγγίσεις των Κοινών: Κοινωνική και
Αλληλέγγυα Οικονομία
Οικονομάκης Λεωνίδας
5 ECTS
Το μάθημα αυτό περιστρέφεται γύρω από τις έννοιες της ανάπτυξης, της κοινωνικής και αλληλέγγυας οικονομίας, και της διαχείρισης των κοινών, τόσο σε θεωρητικό όσο και σε πρακτικό επίπεδο. Σκοπό έχει την εξοικείωση των φοιτητριών και των φοιτητών με την προβληματική γύρω από τα παραπάνω ζητήματα τα οποία -ειδικότερα τα τελευταία χρόνιαέχουν επανέλθει δυναμικά στο προσκήνιο της κοινωνικής έρευνας αλλά και του δημοσίου λόγου.
Ουσιαστικά το μάθημα αποτελείται από δυο ενότητες. Η πρώτη είναι θεωρητικήμεθοδολογική, ενώ η δεύτερη είναι αφιερωμένη σε μελέτες περιπτώσεων. Ξεκινά με μια εισαγωγή στην προβληματική της "ανάπτυξης," κάνοντας μια ανάλυση στην κριτική προς την επικρατούσα οπτική, από τη σκοπιά της "μετα-ανάπτυξης" όπως αυτη αναπτύχθηκε από θεωρητικούς του Παγκοσμίου Νότου (Escobar 1995, Sachs 2005) και της απο-ανάπτυξης (Latouche). Το δεύτερο μάθημα αποτελεί εισαγωγή στις έννοιες της κοινωνικής και αλληλέγγυας οικονομίας, τόσο σε θερωητικό όσο και σε πρακτικό επίπεδο αναλύωντας τις διάφορες μορφές που μπορεί να πάρει. Θα ακολουθήσει ένα μάθημα γύρω από την ιστορική εξέλιξη της κοινωνικής και αλληλέγγυας οικονομίας, από την πειρατεία του 17ου αιώνα και τις αυτο-οργανωμένες κοινότητες απελευθερωμένων σκλάβων, μέχρι και τις ανακτημένες επιχειρήσεις και τους συνεργατικούς συνεταιρισμούς. Το τέταρτο μάθημα είναι αφιερωμένο στη θεωρία που έχει αναπτυχθεί γύρω από τους "εναλλακτικούς" ή "ελεύθερους" χώρους. Το επόμενο μάθημα αποτελεί εισαγωγή στην έννοια και την προβληματική των "κοινών" και της διαχείρισής τους. Το έκτο μάθημα είναι μεθοδολογικό και έχει να κάνει με την προσέγγιση του διδάσκοντος στη μελέτη των περιπτώσεων που ακολουθούν: θα γίνει εισαγωγή στην κοινωνική ανθρωπολογία και την πολιτική εθνογραφία, ειδικότερα σε σχέση με τη μελέτη των κοινών και της κοινωνικής και αλληλέγγυας οικονομίας. Από το έβδομο μάθημα και έπειτα θα παρουσιαστούν μελέτες περιπτώσεων που αναδεικνύουν την προβληματική της θεματικής του μαθήματος στην πράξη. Πρώτη μελέτη, εκείνη της Ζαπατίστικης Αυτονομίας βασισμένη στην ερευνητική εμπειρία του διδάσκοντος. Στο όγδοο μάθημα θα γίνει μια σύγκριση μεταξύ της εμπειρίας των ανακτημένων επιχειρήσεων στην Αργεντινή (από το
ΚΕΣΚ257
ΚΙΝΚ251
ΚΟΜΚ245
2001 και έπειτα) και της πρόσφατης αντίστοιχης εμπειρίας της ΒιοΜε στη Θεσσαλονίκη. Το έννατο μάθημα είναι αφιερωμένο στην περίπτωση-πρόταση του χωριού της Μαριναλέδα στην Ανδαλουσία. Το επόμενο μάθημα είναι αφιερωμένο στην περίπτωση του Πολέμου του Νερού στην Κοτσαμπάμπα της Βολιβίας, και την εμπειρία του Συντονιστικού για την Υπεράσπιση του Νερού και της Ζωής που αποτελεί μια από τις πρώτες προτάσεις αυτοδιαχείρισης του υδρευτικού δικτύου μιας ολόκληρης πόλης. ενώ τα δύο επόμενα μαθήματα παρουσιάζουν μελέτες περιπτώσεων από την Ελλάδα αλλά και την Κρήτη, έτσι ώστε να υπάρχει και μια σύνδεση με την τοπική κοινωνία: η περίπτωση των κοινωνικών ιατρείων, και το κίνημα ενάντια στις ΒΑΠΕ. Το τελευταίο μάθημα αποτελεί σύνοψη και επανάληψη καθώς και προετοιμασία για τις εξετάσεις που ακολουθούν. Σε αυτό θα παρουσιαστούν και τυχόν εργασίες που έχουν αναληφθεί από τις φοιτήτριες και τους φοιτητές.
Κοινωνιολογία των Εργασιακών Σχέσεων
Καρακιουλάφη Χριστίνα
5 ECTS
Οι κύριοι στόχοι αυτού του μαθήματος είναι οι ακόλουθοι. Πρώτον, το μάθημα αυτό αποσκοπεί σε έναν ορισμό του πεδίου των εργασιακών σχέσεων, καθώς και στην ανάδειξη των προβλημάτων που χαρακτηρίζουν την θεωρητική προσέγγιση και μελέτη του εν λόγω πεδίου (δυσκολίες θεωρητικοποίησης, πολυ-επιστημονικότητα, εμπειρισμός, κλπ.). Δεύτερον, επικεντρώνεται στην ανάλυση ορισμένων εκ των κύριων θεωρητικών προσεγγίσεων των εργασιακών σχέσεων που έχουν προταθεί από τη δεκαετία του '50 μέχρι σήμερα (κυρίως στον αγγλοσαξονικό χώρο), με έμφαση στις κοινωνιολογικές προσεγγίσεις. Τρίτον, εξετάζονται οι θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις και οι προβληματισμοί γύρω από πρόσφατες και αλλαγές και εξελίξεις σε αυτό το πεδίο (λ.χ. συγκεντρωτισμός, αποκέντρωση.) Έμφαση δίνεται, τέλος, στις αναλύσεις των εργασιακών σχέσεις την περίοδο της κρίσης.
Σύγχρονες Θεωρίες της Συλλογικής Δράσης και των Κοινωνικών Κινημάτων
Κανελλόπουλος Κωνσταντίνος
5 ECTS
Στο επίκεντρο του μαθήματος βρίσκεται το κινηματικό φαινόμενο. Τα κοινωνικά κινήματα ως μορφές συλλογικής δράσης γίνονται ολοένα και πιο συχνά στην εποχή μας οχήματα κοινωνικών και πολιτικών διεκδικήσεων και προάγγελοι κοινωνικών και πολιτικών αλλαγών. Τα κοινωνικά κινήματα όπως τα αντιλαμβάνεται το μεγαλύτερο κομμάτι της σχετικής βιβλιογραφίας, αποτελούν ένα ιστορικό κοινωνικό φαινόμενο. Εμφανίστηκαν δηλαδή ως μορφές συλλογικής δράσης σε συγκεκριμένη ιστορική περίοδο και με κάποια συγκεκριμένα χαρακτηριστικά. Αυτή η περίοδος συμπίπτει περίπου με την έναρξη της βιομηχανικής επανάστασης στα τέλη του 18ου αιώνα και τα χαρακτηριστικά τους αφορούν ένα περιορισμένο εύρος διεκδικητικών παραστάσεων και ρεπερτορίων. Είναι προϊόντα εμπρόθετης παρέμβασης και αλληλεπιδράσεων στη δημόσια σφαίρα, εμπίπτουν δηλαδή στον χώρο της πολιτικής και βρίσκονται σε σχέση άμεσης συνάφειας με τα υπόλοιπα πολιτικά φαινόμενα της νεωτερικότητας: τα πολιτικά κόμματα, τις ομάδες πίεσης και πριν από όλα βέβαια το (καπιταλιστικό) έθνος-κράτος.
Από τα μέσα του 19ου αιώνα, που ο όρος «κοινωνικό κίνημα» εμφανίστηκε για πρώτη φορά, μέχρι σήμερα αναπτύχθηκαν αρκετές και διαφορετικές προσεγγίσεις για τις έννοιες τόσο της συλλογικής δράσης όσο και του κοινωνικού κινήματος, οι οποίες βέβαια δεν είναι αποδεκτές από όλες τις σχολές σκέψης και από όλα τα θεωρητικά και πολιτικά ρεύματα. Οι κυρίαρχες επιστημολογικές παραδοχές κάθε εποχής, αλλά και οι επιστημολογικές και πολιτικές θέσεις κάθε ερευνητή, διαδραματίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην εκάστοτε θεωρία που διαμορφώνεται. Στο μάθημα αυτό θα εστιάσουμε στις πιο σύγχρονες θεωρήσεις: από τη θεωρία της κινητοποίησης πόρων και την θεωρία των νέων κοινωνικών κινημάτων μέχρι τις πιο πρόσφατες αναλύσεις της διεθνικής συλλογικής δράσης και της κοινωνίας των κινημάτων (social movement society) καθώς και της προσέγγισης της δυναμικής συγκρουσιακής πολιτικής (dynamics of contention). Ιδιαίτερη έμφαση θα δοθεί στην εξέταση κάποιων σημαντικών στην σχετική βιβλιογραφία εννοιών και μεθοδολογικών εργαλείων όπως: τα ρεπερτόρια δράσης, οι πολιτικές ευκαιρίες και απειλές, οι δομές κινητοποίησης, οι αξιακές πλαισιώσεις, οι κύκλοι διαμαρτυρίας, οι αιτιώδεις μηχανισμοί και τα συγκρουσιακά επεισόδια. Τέλος, θα γίνει μια σύντομη εισαγωγή στις σύγχρονες ερευνητικές πρακτικές και ιδιαίτερα στις μεθόδους της ανάλυσης των γεγονότων διαμαρτυρίας (protest event analysis),της ανάλυσης των πλαισίων συλλογικής δράσης (frame analysis), της ημι-δομημένης συνέντευξης (σε κινηματικούς φορείς) και της ανάλυσης των δικτύων συλλογικής δράσης (network analysis).
Κοινωνιολογία των Πολιτικών Κομμάτων
Αλεξάκης Εμμανουήλ
5 ECTS
Στη διάρκεια του εξαμήνου είναι προγραμματισμένες 13 διαλέξεις, στη διάρκεια των οποίων εξετάζονται ζητήματα όπως η έννοια του πολιτικού κόμματος, η προέλευση, η οργάνωση, η διεύθυνση, η ένταξη, η κομματική ιδεολογία, η ηλικία, ο βαθμός της κομματικής θεσμοποίησης, η στρατηγική και η προπαγάνδα, οι λειτουργίες, οι κομματικές διαστάσεις, οι προσδιοριστικές κοινωνικές αντιπαραθέσεις και, τέλος, τα αίτια της κρίσης του κομματικού φαινομένου τα τελευταία χρόνια.
Η τελική βαθμολογία των φοιτητών που δεν παρακολουθούν τακτικά το μάθημα διαμορφώνεται σε ποσοστό 100% από την επίδοσή τους στις τελικές γραπτές εξετάσεις. Όσοι φοιτητές παρακολουθούν τακτικά το μάθημα έχουν την επιλογή να συνδιαμορφώσουν
Στο μάθημα εξετάζεται η έννοια και η πρακτική της προπαγάνδας σε ιστορική και συ-γκριτική προοπτική. Η εξέταση αυτή διενεργείται με γνώμονα τη διεπιστημονική προσέγ-γιση και μελέτη της προπαγάνδας. Επιχειρείται, δηλαδή, να αποτιμηθούν κριτικά τα ποι-κίλα αναλυτικά σχήματα και οι θεωρητικές κατασκευές που διαμορφώνονται στο χώρο της κοινωνιολογίας, της πολιτικής επιστήμης, της κοινωνικής ψυχολογίας, της πολιτικής οικονομίας και των σπουδών επικοινωνίας με αντικείμενο την προπαγάνδα. Απώτερος στόχος είναι να χαρτογραφηθούν οι κρίσιμες ιδεολογικές, πολιτικές, κοινωνικές, επικοι-νωνιακές και οικονομικές επενέργειες της προπαγάνδας, αλλά και οι επιπτώσεις που έχει στις σχέσεις εξουσίας η (κοινωνική/πολιτική) ταξινόμηση ενός λόγου ή μιας πρακτικής ως εκδήλωση προπαγάνδας. Στις ειδικότερες ερευνητικές στοχεύσεις συγκαταλέγονται, μεταξύ άλλων, η εξέταση α) των μορφολογικών και δομικών χαρακτηριστικών που προ-τείνονται ως διακριτά γνωρίσματα του λόγου (discourse) της προπαγάνδας και της σχετι-κής ρητορικής/αφηγηματικής λειτουργίας, β) των κοινωνικών και πολιτικών ταυτοτήτων που υποστηρίζεται πως αυτή συντρέχει ή και διαμορφώνει ως λόγος και πρακτική, γ) των ειδικών της εκδηλώσεων ως πρακτική στο πεδίο των διεθνών σχέσεων και της εθνικιστι-κής ρητορικής και δ) των σύνθετων επικοινωνιακών, γλωσσικών, νοηματικών, συμβολι-κών και συναισθηματικών πόρων που κινητοποιούνται στην προπαγάνδιση συγκεκριμέ-νων πραγμάτων ή θέσεων.
Υποχρεωτικά Επιλεγόμενα Σεμινάρια (ΥΕΣ)
ανήσυχων κοινωνικών ομάδων προερχόμενων κυριώς από αστικά κέντρα. Μελετάται
επίσης ο ωμός πραγματισμός της δημοσιονομικής λογικής κρατικών συμφερόντων υπό
την αιγίδα των ιδιωτικών επιρροών κλπ. Εξετάζονται οι νέες τάσεις που επιβάλλονται στο
Κατευθύνσεις μαθημάτων/σεμιναρίων:
Τα μαθήματα ΥΕΚ μπορούν να δηλωθούν και ως ΥΕΠ. Ενιαίος κατάλογος των μαθημάτων και ειδικότερα των κατευθύνσεων στα μαθήματα ΥΕΚ είναι αναρτημένος στον πίνακα ανακοινώσεων στην είσοδο της Γραμματείας του Τμήματος. Σεμινάρια και πρακτική άσκηση μπορούν να δηλωθούν από το 3 ο έτος σπουδών και έπειτα. Πτυχιακή εργασία μπορεί να γίνει από το 4 ο έτος σπουδών και έπειτα.
- Το υποχρεωτικό μάθημα Κοινωνική Στατιστική ΣΤΑΚ130 είναι από το τρέχον χειμερινό εξάμηνο 2017-18 και εξής, μάθημα Γ εξαμήνου.
- Για τους φοιτητές εισαγωγής από 2002-2003 έως και το 2013-14, ισχύει ο προηγούμενος οδηγός σπουδών σύμφωνα με τον οποίο για τη λήψη πτυχίου απαιτούνται 46 μαθήματα συνολικά και 240 ECTS. Αναλυτικά απαιτούνται 11 Υποχρεωτικά μαθήματα (από 6 ECTS το καθένα), 4 Ξ.ΓΛ. (από 5 ECTS το καθένα), 3 ΥΕΚ (1 από κάθε κατεύθυνση Β, Γ, Δ) (από 5 ECTS το καθένα), 16 ΥΕΠ (από 5 ECTS το καθένα), 6 Σεμινάρια (από 5 ECTS το καθένα), 6 Ελεύθερες Επιλογές (από 5 ECTS το καθένα).
- Αφορά τους φοιτητές/τριες που είναι υποχρεωτικό για το πτυχίο τους και που έχουν εισαχθεί μέχρι και το έτος 2001-2002: Το ΦΙΛΚ 115 Κοινωνική και Πολιτική Φιλοσοφία I αντιστοιχείται με οποιοδήποτε μάθημα ΥΕΚ από το πρόγραμμα σπουδών του/της φοιτητή /φοιτήτριας. Η Α΄ κατεύθυνση ισχύει στο ΕΛΕΚ 215 για τους/τις φοιτητές/τριες που έχουν εισαχθεί έως και το ακαδημαϊκό έτος 2001-2002. Κατευθύνσεις στα σεμινάρια απαιτούνται μόνο για της φοιτητές που έχουν εισαχθεί έως και το ακαδημαϊκό έτος 2001-2002. Ενιαίος κατάλογος των κατευθύνσεων στα Υποχρεωτικά Επιλεγόμενα Σεμινάρια είναι αναρτημένος στον πίνακα ανακοινώσεων στην είσοδο της Γραμματείας του Τμήματος.
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<urn:uuid:e777eca6-b4a8-45ed-86f8-4c463c765110>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ell_Grek/train
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finepdfs
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ell_Grek
| 28,354
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Θέμα Διπλωματικής Εργασίας
Υλοποίηση του πρωτοκόλλου επικοινωνίας ενσωματωμένων συσκευών δορυφορικού εντοπισμού θέσης σε διακομιστή και σύνδεση με βάση δεδομένων
Implementation of the communication protocol of embedded devices of satellite position location and link with database
Επιβλέπων: Δρ. Μηνάς Δασυγένης (mdasyg @ ieee . org )
Διαχείριση Στόλου (Fleet management) καλείται το σύνολο των τεχνολογιών και των συστημάτων το οποίο επιτρέπει σε μία επιχείρηση να έχει πλήρη έλεγχο των οχημάτων της. Ο τρόπος λειτουργίας ενός τέτοιου συστήματος αποσκοπεί στη βελτιστοποίηση αρκετών επιμέρους επιχειρηματικών διαδικασιών, στο διαχειριστικό έλεγχο και, κατά συνέπεια, στη μείωση του κόστους και την καλύτερη κατανομή των πόρων της επιχείρησης.
Τα πληροφοριακά συστήματα διαχείρισης στόλων αποτελούνται: (α) από μια συσκευή που τοποθετείται πάνω στο όχημα και έχει την δυνατότητα συνεχούς καταγραφής των τρεχουσών συντεταγμένων του οχήματος, (β) από έναν πομπό που στέλνει τι συντεταγμένες σε ένα κεντρικό σύστημα, (γ) από το διακομιστή που δέχεται τις πληροφορίες, τις επεξεργάζεται και τις αποθηκεύει σε μια βάση δεδομένων, και (δ) από ένα γραφικό περιβάλλον το οποίο απεικονίζει πάνω σε έναν χάρτη τις πληροφορίες που βρίσκονται στη βάση δεδομένων χρησιμοποιώντας τα κατάλληλα φίλτρα.
Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία θα υλοποιηθεί ο διακομιστής που δέχεται τις πληροφορίες, τις επεξεργάζεται και τις αποθηκεύει σε μια βάση δεδομένων. Συγκεκριμένα, θα αναλυθεί το ιδιωτικό πρωτόκολλο επικοινωνίας μιας αρκετά δημοφιλούς οικογένειας ενσωματωμένων συστημάτων δορυφορικού εντοπισμού θέσης, και θα προγραμματιστεί ο διακομιστής της αμφίδρομης επικοινωνίας σε γλώσσα C ή C# ή C++ που θα υλοποιεί το συγκεκριμένο πρωτόκολλο. Στη συνέχεια τα ληφθέντα δεδομένα θα τοποθετούνται σε μια βάση δεδομένων, κατά προτίμηση σε mysql, χρησιμοποιώντας το αντίστοιχο API (application programming interface) της βάσης δεδομένων. Τέλος, αφού γίνουν οι αλγοριθμικές/αρχιτεκτονικές βελτιστοποιήσεις του προγράμματος, θα αναλυθεί και θα σχολιαστεί η κλιμάκωση του διακομιστή, ως προς τον αριθμό των πελατών (χρήση μνήμης/επεξεργαστή ανά πελάτη).
Απαιτήσεις: Λειτουργικά Συστήματα, Δίκτυα υπολογιστών, προγραμματισμό Πλεονεκτήματα: Ο φοιτητής που θα φέρει εις πέρας αυτή την εργασία θα αποκτήσει μια καλή γνώση του προγραμματισμού διακομιστών για εξειδικευμένα πρωτόκολλα επικοινωνίας και του βέλτιστου τρόπου αξιοποίησης των δεδομένων επικοινωνίας.
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<urn:uuid:80d209e4-91c8-4d68-8982-9700741b1485>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ell_Grek/train
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finepdfs
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ell_Grek
| 2,490
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NOVI NASTAVNI PLAN 2017./2018.
Diplomski studij Metalurgija
Akademska godina: 2021./2022.
Godina studija: 1
Semestar: 1
(P) – predavanje, (S) – seminar, (V) – vježbe
Predavaonica 3
*Predavaonica 1
L Laboratorij Kemija
Satničar: Igor Jajčinović, mag.ing.oecoing.
NOVI NASTAVNI PLAN 2017./2018.
Diplomski studij Metalurgija
Akademska godina: 2021./2022.
Godina studija: 2
Semestar: 3
(P) – predavanje, (S) – seminar, (V) – vježbe
Predavaonica 4 L Laboratorij Kemija
Satničar: Igor Jajčinović, mag.ing.oecoing.
|
<urn:uuid:9635bb84-f1ab-4a47-a11c-fc7dd25afadb>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/hrv_Latn/train
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finepdfs
|
hrv_Latn
| 524
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VILLAGE OF LISLE
Downtown Area Business & Activity Guide
Lisle™
THE ARBORETUM VILLAGE
This directory provides a listing of Downtown Lisle eateries, shops and recreational activities, organized by categories. Enjoy Downtown Lisle, where nature is the backdrop for refreshingly different shopping, dining and fun experiences.
Experience shopping and dining in a refreshingly different way – naturally! Downtown Lisle, the heart of “The Arboretum Village,” offers delightful, nature-inspired experiences like no other. The rich colors of the prairie-themed streetscape entice you to stroll past extensive planting beds filled with blooming flowers and grasses. Relax and refresh at the striking Garden Walk Fountain, where water cascades over massive stone slabs as turtles and frogs spout streams of water.
The shopping and dining experiences are as unique as the setting. You’ll find a variety of one-of-a-kind shops and boutiques, run by owners who are dedicated to providing quality products and a high level of personalized service. Distinctive dining options add to the fun. Dine out on one of the outdoor patios or dine in and watch your favorite sports team on big screen TVs. Enjoy a hearty meal, a light snack or a delicious gourmet treat in one of our unique cafes. Many Downtown Lisle businesses are Green By Choice members, dedicated to meeting consumers’ current needs while preserving precious resources for future generations.
To extend your natural experience, stroll down The Garden Walk to award-winning PrairieWalk Pond, a place where nature comes alive. Walk the paths encircling the two-acre pond, immerse yourself in nature at scenic overlooks, and enjoy an ever changing landscape as more than a hundred different types of native plants and grasses change color with the seasons. Listen to the sounds of splashing fountains, spot local wildlife and learn about sustainability. Children will have fun playing in the Dragonfly Landing nature-themed play area and free splash pad. Tours are available upon request.
Add some excitement to your weekend with a mind testing adventure at **The Room**! Book this real-life escape challenge with your friends and try to find your way out, with the clock ticking!
Transform your body through personalized workouts with a trainer at GFT! Want to change up your routine? Try crossfit training, boot camp, group fitness classes, or one of the many other options available at **Get Fit Together**!
Engage your creativity and make beautiful clay or glass items by taking a class at **Clay Space Ceramic Arts Studio**, where resident artists are welcome.
Enjoy one-stop, fun shopping at **Crème de la Crème**, which offers reasonably priced stylish clothes, jewelry, home accessories, baby items and more. Located in the same great space but expanded to double the size, you're sure to find exactly what you're looking for!
Add some sparkle to your life! Find the perfect, long-lasting treasure at **P. Martin Jewelers** including engagement/wedding rings, anniversary gifts and special items for yourself or loved ones. Also offering jewelry resizing and repair.
Do you crave Italian food? Then **Evviva! Bar & Eatery** is the place to be, where delicious reasonably priced Italian food – including award-winning pizza – is on the menu. Watch your favorite sports on big screen TVs or relax at the bar with a specialty drink.
Enjoy a fun game of bowling at Lisle Lanes, then grab a bite to eat at the Kingpin Grille, conveniently located in the **Lisle Lanes Bowling Center**.
Repair your shoes and other items at **Paul’s Shoe Service**. Repair luggage, purses and leather garments; sharpen knives, ice skates and scissors; clean ugg boots; repalm hockey gloves.
Learn about Lisle’s history as you tour the Museums at Lisle Station Park and the Historic Lisle Cemetery.
Revisit memories as you choose your favorite old-fashioned treat from the 18 foot wall-o-candy or enjoy a delicious Petersen Ice Cream cone at The Nook.
Is there a wedding in your future? Let the wedding specialists at Blend Beauty skincare, makeup and hair styling studio help make your day special.
Find the perfect way to honor a special someone with a unique gift or award or find the perfect item to promote your business at B Gunther.
Surprise someone special with a colorful bouquet of flowers from Flowers of Lisle, offering selections for any occasion!
Discover unique ways to preserve and frame family heirlooms, artwork, flags and other memories of your journey through life at Past Presence Frames.
Browse to find the perfect outfit or let Tina help you achieve a comfortable, correct fit of your undergarments at Tina’s Closet.
Enjoy gourmet Mexican recipes handed down through the generations at Yerbabuena Mexican Cuisine Restaurant. Dine under colorful outdoor patio umbrellas or savor a margarita in the eclectic indoor dining area. Opening a beautiful new location next door in Spring 2016.
If you're looking for a delicious, home-made meal without all the extra time, look no further than Madeleine, What's For Dinner? Choose an entree with two sides, made by a trained chef, complete with fresh madeleines for dessert!
Let the Lisle Convention and Visitors Bureau help you plan the perfect visit, for business or pleasure.
Go Green at the Lisle Dental Center, where you can book online appointments, get digital x-rays, have your records stored on computers and use eco-friendly dental products.
Enjoy hearty meals in a Wisconsin Supper Club experience in Downtown Lisle! Make a date for lunch or dinner at Rayme’s Steak & Fish House - now open in a brand new building with expanded seating and patio service.
FESTIVALS/SPECIAL EVENTS
Memorial Day (May)
Block Party and Cruise Nights (May – September)
Lisle French Market at PrairieWalk Pond (May – October)
Wine Extravaganza (June)
Garden Gait (June)
July 4 Celebration (July)
PrairieWalk Pond Concert Series (August)
Depot Days (September)
Ale Fest (September)
Downtown Trick or Treating (October)
Lights of Lisle (December)
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
Evviva! Bar and Eatery
1017 Front Street, (630) 241-9955
evvivalisle.com
Fox Restaurant
4700 Main Street, (630) 964-6984
Hong Kong Chef
4721 B Main Street, (630) 512-0787
Johnny’s Red Hots & Gyros
4713 Main Street, (630) 512-0652
Madeleine, What's For Dinner?
4914 Main Street, (630) 964-3463
madwhatsfordinner.com
The Nook
4738 Main Street, (630) 968-0764
thenookinlisle.com
Rayme’s Steak & Fish House
4801 Lincoln Avenue, (630) 963-2240
raymessteakhouse.com
New building, same great location
Yerbabuena Mexican Restaurant
4734 Main Street, (630) 852-8040
yerbabuenacuisine.com
Opening in a new building next to the current location in Spring 2016
FOR THE LOVE OF SHOPPING
Crème de la Crème Gifts & Accessories
4710 Main Street #3, (630) 968-2500
facebook.com/cremedelacremegiftsandaccessories
Newly expanded retail space
Flowers of Lisle
4728 Main Street, (630) 968-3330
flowersoflisle.com
B. Gunther & Company
4742 Main Street, (630) 969-5595
bgunther.com
P. Martin Jewelers
4745 Main Street #101, (630) 968-2300
email@example.com
Tina’s Closet
4745 Main Street #107, (630) 810-0046
tinasclosetinc.com
Tu Bella
4710 Main Street, (630) 493-9300
tubellahairstudio.com
THE GREAT OUTDOORS
PrairieWalk Pond
Award-winning 4.5 landscaped site
Route 53 & Garfield Avenue
Guided walking tours of PrairieWalk Pond available by calling (630) 271-4148
villageoflisle.org
Dragonfly Landing
Free children’s play area and splash pad
Main Street Fountain
Focal point of Main Street, Frank Lloyd Wright themed design
The Garden Walk
Winding, lighted, landscaped path that connects Main Street to PrairieWalk Pond
ORGANIZATIONS/GOVERNMENT
Eyes to the Skies Committee
1111 Burlington Avenue #108-B
(630) 541-6095
eyestotheskies.org
Lisle Area Chamber of Commerce
1111 Burlington Avenue, Suite. 102,
(630) 964-0052
lislechamber.com
Lisle-Woodridge Fire Protection District
1005 School Street, (630) 353-3000
lwfd.org
Lisle VFW Post #5696
1209 Lisle Place, (630) 271-9806
vfwwebcom.org
Village of Lisle
925 Burlington Avenue, (630) 271-4100
villageoflisle.org
PRAIREWALK POND & DRAGONFLY LANDING
Five Educational Signs provide detailed info about this site and pose questions that are answered on the Village’s website.
This Two Acre Pond collects downtown storm water and slowly releases it into the East Branch of the DuPage River to help prevent flooding. The pond is normally 8 feet deep and holds 3.1 million gallons of water. However, during a heavy storm, the pond can become 10 feet deep and hold up to 4.6 million gallons of water.
Scenic Overlooks are located throughout the site. Benches, rock outcroppings and a gazebo provide seating.
Dramatic Fountains circulate the water, keeping it clean and preventing algae. The fountains turn color from 8 pm – 11 pm during the summer months.
The Garden Walk, a winding landscaped path, leads to the stunning Garden Walk Fountain and Downtown Lisle’s Retail and Restaurant District.
An Ephemeral Wetland holds shallow water in the spring and after storms, but dries out in summer. Wetland plants help absorb, filter and clean water and provide a diverse habitat for wildlife.
100+ Varieties of Native Plants are contained on this site. These drought and heat tolerant plants thrive in the dense clay soil and require little maintenance. Their deep roots stabilize the soil, filter water and promote bio-diversity. Due to careful plant selection, color continues through most seasons.
A Lighted Walking Trail winds around the pond past colorful native vegetation. Walking three times around the pond is approximately one mile.
Wildlife includes cranes, ducks, geese and other birds, butterflies, dragonflies, turtles, bees, frogs, fish, insects and muskrats.
Nature Themed Dragonfly Landing contains a Play Zone (tree house, climbing frog, cattail swingers, leaping lily pads) a Gathering Zone (shelter with a green roof) and a Splash Pad (giant colorful flower misters and various water jets). The entrance arch was created by Chicago sculptor James Brenner. Permeable brick pavers below the arch depict a dragonfly’s body. Landscaped berms serve as the wings.
JUST FOR FUN
Clay Space Ceramic Arts Studio
740 Front Street, (630) 393-2529
clayspace.net
Lisle Lanes Bowling Center
4920 Lincoln Avenue, (630) 968-1300
lislelanes.com
GFT Personal Training
4723 Main Street, (630) 747-4457
get-fit-together.com
Prime Muay Thai Mixed Martial Arts
4725 Main Street, (630) 863-9531
primemuaythai.com
Psychic Readings by Mary
4704 Main Street, (630) 435-0475
Lisle Convention and Visitors Bureau
925 Burlington Avenue
(800) 733-9811
stayinlisle.com
GOING TO THE DOGS
Hand N Paw Pet Grooming
4912 A Main Street, (630) 852-8245
handnpaw.net
PICTURE PERFECT
Lizzie D’s Family Photography
4726 Main Street unit B, (630) 964-7478
lizziedphotography.com
Past Presence Framing and Heirloom Preservation
4750 Main Street, (630) 969-4500
framesoflisle.com
LOOKIN’ GOOD
Adolph’s Barber Shop
4724 B. Main Street, (630) 969-5995
Angel Nails
4705 Main Street, (630) 960-5110
Blend Beauty Studio
1045 Burlington Avenue #5, (630) 962-2665
blendbeautystudio.com
Bex Hair Salon
4736 Main Street #3, (630) 954-8238
Hair Care Center
4602 Main Street, (630) 969-3232
Main Street Hair Co.
4726 Main Street, Suite A (630) 968-0137
besthairsaloninlisle.com
Randall Brent Salon
1045 Burlington Avenue #4, (630) 969-1754
randallbrent.com
Via Moda Salon & Spa
1017 Front Street, 2nd floor, (630) 241-9292
viamodasalon.com
Paul’s Shoe Service
4710 Main Street #1, (630) 968-4249
Tony the Tailor
4754 Main Street, (630) 852-7340
HOME IS WHERE THE HEART IS
Jessen Upholstery, Inc.
4740 Main Street, Lower Level,
(630) 964-1261
Kennedy Productions
1208 Lisle Place, (630) 515-1160
kennedyproductions.com
Powers Construction Group
4900 Reilly Place, (630) 963-7458
powerscg.com
Service Master
924 Ogden Avenue, (630) 241-1111
servicemastertoday.com
ENJOY THE RIDE
Honda Superstore of Lisle
4475 Route 53, (630) 824-3755
hondaoflisle.com
Integrity Motors Auto Repair
4911 Main Street, (630) 435-1425
Lisle Car Wash
1018 Ogden Avenue, (630) 964-8907
Oil Depot
1012 Ogden Avenue, (630) 493-1795
V & R Tire
4903 Main Street, (630) 968-8473
vrtireautocenter.com
Volvo of Lisle
4375 Route 53 (630) 852-6000
volvooflisle.com
ON THE GO
7-Eleven
1100 Ogden Avenue, (630) 969-8853
Lisle Liquors
4719 Main Street, (630) 963-1050
Lisle Mini Mart - Cigar Outlet
4730 Main Street, (630) 852-0997
Lisle Train Station
1000 Front Street
(630) 271-4100
LIVE AND LEARN
Lisle Library
777 Front Street, (630) 971-1675
lislelibrary.org
Museums at Lisle Station Park
921 School Street, (630) 968-0499
lisleparkdistrict.org/museumsatlislestationpark.html
Rosehill Montessori School
1203 Lisle Place, (630) 964-4500
rosehillmontessori.org
Lisle Cemetery
979 Ogden Avenue, (630) 271-4180
villageoflisle.org
KEEPING IT CLEAN
Fairview Quick Wash
4908 Main Street, (630) 493-1800
Leo’s Cleaners
4752 Main Street, (630) 969-3835
leoscleaners.com
Main Cleaners
4721 Main Street, (630) 969-9199
LEGAL EAGLES
Croft C. Waddington P.C.
Attorneys at Law
1111 Burlington Avenue, #110
(630) 969-8181
waddingtonlaw.com
Timothy Crawley
1025 Ogden Avenue, (630) 964-3366
Richard A. Lowell, LLC
(Employment Law)
1045 Burlington Avenue #6,
(630) 493-9700
richardalowell.com
THE DOCTOR IS IN
Arbor Dental Care
1001 Ogden Avenue, (630) 969-2310
arbordentalcare.com
Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Illinois
4745 Main Street #209, (630) 863-3477
bcbsil.com
Cadence Health
1019 School Street, (630) 933-4800
candencehealth.org
Choice Eye Care
4760 Main Street, (630) 969-2020
choiceeyecare.com
Prairie Walk Dental
Dr. Michael Gonda DDS &
Dr. Michael Moore DDS
4746 Main Street, (630) 968-5078
drgonda.com
Doctors Center for Integrative Wellness
1045 Burlington Avenue #1, (630) 960-9355
dciw.net
Healthsource
1025 Ogden Avenue, (630) 963-1410
healthsourceoflisleil.com
Lisle Dental Center
4712 Main Street, (630) 964-0944
lisledentalcenter.com
COMMUNICATION IS KEY
Full Circle Creative Media Services
4610 Main Street, (630) 964-7478
creativedir.com
Hot Media Group
1111 Burlington Avenue, Suite 108A
(630) 215-9788
hotmediagroup.com
Verizon Wireless
1111 Burlington Avenue, Suite 100
(630) 737-1880
verizonwireless.com
Isi of Lisle
4736 Main Street #4, (630) 969-2340
ON THE MONEY
ABC Credit and Recovery Services, Inc.
4736 Main Street, #4, (630) 969-2047
Bank of America
4707 Center Avenue, (630) 271-6810
bankofamerica.com
Chicago Capital Management Advisors, LLC
4722 Main Street, (630) 435-9128
chicagomanagement.com
Country Financial
4903 Lincoln Ave
Sharon Stemke: (630) 963-9600
John Mulyk: (630) 968-8877
Seraph Group Web Design and Development
4708 Main Street, # 202, (312) 612-9327
imagineyourweb.com
Sosa Translation Services
1111 Burlington Avenue #108-F
(630) 984-5209
sosatranslations.com
Edward Jones Investments
4745 Main Street #109, (630) 969-4936
edwardjones.com
Lisle Savings Bank
4720 Main Street, (630) 852-3710
lislebank.com
Richard T. Francis & Associates
4708 Main Street #203, (630) 964-4187
U.S. Bank
1026 Ogden Avenue, (630) 724-0100
usbank.com
LPL Financial & Insurance
1111 Burlington Avenue #108C,
(630) 580-3150
State Farm Insurance
Dan Watzke
4758 Main Street, (630) 963-2211
statefarm.com
Todd MacDonald
4758 Main Street, (630) 445-1399
statefarm.com
DOWNTOWN LISLE PARKING
Street Parking
Street parking spaces have a two hour time limit. Several fifteen minute spaces are available on Main Street.
Garfield Parking Lot
Signs note the free four hour parking spaces that are available in the north portion of the Garfield Parking Lot, located behind the west side of Main Street.
Commuter Parking Lot
Free parking is available in the Commuter Parking Lots at the Train Station after 2 PM on weekdays and on weekends.
Downtown Lisle is located at Ogden Avenue and Main Street, just east of Route 53 (Lincoln Avenue) and a mile west of I-355/I-88 interchange.
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Verein für Deutsche Schäferhunde (SV)
e.V.
Landesgruppe Nordrheinland Rettungshundewesen
RH-Basis-Workshop - Ersatztermin für Corona-Ausfall in der OG Eitorf / Windeck 53783 Eitorf-Hove, In der Helte am Wochenende 24. + 25. Oktober 2020 jeweils ab 10:00 Uhr
mit Möglichkeit zum Neuerwerb / Verlängerung der Übungsleiterlizenz Rettungshund
In unserem Basis-Workshop stellen wir Elemente der Rettungshunde-EignungsPrüfung / Stufe V (Vorstufe) vor und arbeiten die einzelnen Übungen mit den Teilnehmern und ihren Hunden in der Praxis an. Wir vermitteln die weiteren Schritte zum Fortführen der Arbeit nach dem Workshop bis zur Prüfungsreife.
Die Rettungshundeausbildung mit ihrem Anspruch hat für die Ortsgruppe eine positive Außenwirkung und die Einstiegsprüfung RH-V darf nach den derzeit gültigen Richtlinien von geschulten Leistungsrichtern bewertet werden, so dass sie bei IGP-Ortsgruppenprüfungen einfach zusätzlich mit angemeldet werden kann.
In der sportorientierten Rettungshund-Prüfung wird eine Kombination aus Sucharbeit (Fläche, Trümmer, Mantrailing oder Fährte) sowie Unterordnung + Gewandtheit abgefragt.
Die vollständige, seit 2019 gültige neue FCI-IPO-R für Rettungshunde mit den Anforderungen für weiterführende Prüfungsstufen sowie komprimierte Fassungen der Vorprüfungen Fährte/Fläche/Trümmer bzw. Mantrailing befinden sich auf der Homepage der Landesgruppe Nordrheinland http://www.sv-lg05.de/rhw.htm.
Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn Interessenten einer OG gemeinsam die Anleitungen zur Ausbildung erwerben, damit sie sich dann in der eigenen OG bei der Weiterausbildung gegenseitig unterstützen können.
Unabhängig davon ist es jedem Teilnehmer des Workshops jederzeit in Absprache möglich, die Ortsgruppe Eitorf-Hove bzw. die OG Köln-Nippes in den Übungsstunden für ihre Ausbildung oder Problemlösungen zu besuchen.
Voraussetzungen für den Übungsleiterschein im Rettungshundewesen sind
- eine bestandene RH 1- Prüfung,
- Nachweis über die Teilnahme am LG-Übungsleiter-Basisseminar sowie über die Teilnahme an einem RH-Praxis-Seminar wie z.B. in Eitorf-Hove
- die Anmeldung hierzu erfolgt über eine OG,
http://www.sv-lg05.de/index_htm_files/2018_lg_meldeform_lizenzschulung.pdf
Kursgebühr 15 Euro
Für Verpflegung wird bestens gesorgt.
Rückfragen / Meldungen bitte mit ausgefülltem Anmeldeformular an
- Nadja Bohlscheid – firstname.lastname@example.org, Mobil 0160-90875534
- Uli Rehse – email@example.com, Mobil 01577-2475660
– Gisela van Beers – firstname.lastname@example.org, Tel.: 0221-705471
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Electrothermal
Heating Mantles
Modular Mantle (OM)
Our Modular Heating Mantle!
* Constructed to heat fluids in round bottom flasks
* Modular design accommodates three interchangeable cartridges
* Probe accessory monitors fluid temperatures
Model OMCA0250X1
Optional temperature probes allow faster and more precise temperature readings of your samples
Product Description
Operation
* Constructed of ABS flame retardant thermoplastic, the main controller and stirrer module case are easy to clean. The heater cartridge case is spun aluminum with polyester paint coating.
* Ceramic fiber thermal insulation permits faster heater up while reducing energy consumption.
* Available as heater only or heater/stirrer model.
* Base unit accommodates your choice of three interchangeable cartridges: 250, 500, or 1000 ml flask sizes.
* Reliable electronic control maintains the stability of the mantle.
* If maintaining a precise solution temperature is important, insert the accessory probe into the mantle to control sample solution temperature.
100
* Control panel contains three indicator lights: "Power On," "Stirrer On" and "Heater On."
* Element temperature range of ambient to 450°C.
* Three digit display toggles between set temperature and actual temperature ±1°C.
* Simply touching the stirrer speed knob changes the display to reflect the actual rpm.
* High powered mechanical stirrer regulates stirring from 100-800 rpm.
* Integral ring-stand holder accommodates support stand and clamp.
* Easily adjust set temperature by depressing the up/down arrow keys.
Safety
* Unique patented air flow keeps the heater cartridge cool to the touch.
Electrothermal Heating Mantles
101
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Comune di Nughedu San Nicolò
Documento generato il 17-09-2019
Avvisi sistema di qualificazione
AMMINISTRAZIONE TRASPARENTE
Sezione:
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Excalibur
THE CAMELOT PARISHES MAGAZINE
CAMELOT PARISHES WEBSITE - http://camelotparishes.co.uk/
Poppy Field - Image by Tim Hill from Pixabay
THIS ISSUE - Remembrance Sunday Services - see page 16
South Cadbury Craft Sale & Christmas Themed Tea - see page 11
FORTY PENCE
NOVEMBER 2024
The Camelot Parishes Ministry Team
RECTOR - Vacancy
For administrative assistance contact the Camelot Parishes Secretary, Rob Sage, contact details below.
PASTOR
Revd Ron Wood 441192
5 The Paddock,
Galhampton, Yeovil BA22 7AR
email@example.com
READER
George Renwick 32655
LAY PASTORAL ASSISTANTS
Steve Joneleit-Hope 440683
Jenny Le Mesurier 01747 838054
SAFEGUARDING OFFICER
Rob Sage 440432 (Office)
01749 850934 (home)
6 The Close, North Cadbury, Yeovil, BA22 7DX
firstname.lastname@example.org
THE CAMELOT GROUP COUNCIL
CHAIRMAN - Revd Ron Wood
(see above)
VICE-CHAIRMAN - Vacancy
SECRETARY & TREASURER - Rob Sage
440432 (Office) 01749 850934 (home)
6 The Close, North Cadbury,
Yeovil, BA22 7DX
email@example.com
THE CAMELOT PARISHES OFFICE
Monday to Friday 9.30 am - 12.30 pm
SECRETARY - Rob Sage 440432 (Office)
01749 850934 (home)
6 The Close, North Cadbury,
Yeovil, BA22 7DX
firstname.lastname@example.org
CHURCHWARDENS
St Michael’s, Blackford
Michael Parry 440075
St Nicholas, Bratton St Maur
Debbie Garrett 07854 307864
Celeste Shave-Smythies
St Mary’s, Compton Pauncefoot
Michael Keene 440209
Tony Beadles 01935 817602
St Nicholas, Holton
Lisa Prior 07773 440147
St Peter & St Paul, Maperton
Olivia Scott 33826
St Michael’s, North Cadbury
Caroline Joneleit-Hope 440683
email@example.com
Galhampton Church
in the parish of North Cadbury
Caroline Joneleit-Hope 440683
St John the Baptist, North Cheriton
Susan Fitzmaurice 824582
St Thomas à Becket, South Cadbury
Jane Jones 441310
St Mary the Virgin, Yarlington
Lesley Gillingham 440090
ORGANISTS & MUSICIANS
Judy Akroyd 440040
Bethan Bullock 359066
Malcolm Gregory 01458 223178
Clare Leavold 441581
Jenny Necker 351677
Martin Russell 31607
Anne Warren 32628
EXCALIBUR MAGAZINE
EDITOR - Rob Sage 01749 850934
6 The Close, North Cadbury, Yeovil, BA22 7DX
firstname.lastname@example.org
Do you think a fish knows that it’s swimming in water? I’ve been reflecting on this question not because it’s some kind of Buddhist koan – the type of question that asks, ‘What’s the sound of one hand clapping?’ Rather it’s because I’ve been reflecting recently on questions of culture and worldview. Do I see the world purely from the perspective of being who I am? (A 55-year-old white Englishman who grew up in a small village in the 1970s.) If that’s the case, is what I see an accurate representation of the whole of reality? Might other perspectives be possible? If I could see the world through the eyes of others, might my vision be richer, wider, deeper? Like a fish that suddenly realizes that seeing can happen not only through water, but through air as well?
Seeing things from the perspective of others was something that Jesus did. An example of this happens when Jesus heals a centurion’s servant in Luke’s Gospel (Luke 7: 1-10). The centurion comes from a background and culture that’s entirely different to that in which Jesus grew up. Yet Jesus is blown away by the insight that the centurion has about who Jesus himself is. This leads Jesus to exclaim ‘I tell you, not even in Israel have I found such faith!’
The Diocese of Bath and Wells has a link with the five Anglican Dioceses of Zambia. There’s much to be celebrated in the friendship that we share: the joy and vitality of the Zambian Church, the opportunities our link offers to help some of the world’s poorest communities. But for me, the greatest gift we gain is the opportunity our link offers to stand in the shoes of others and to see the world, our faith, and the whole of reality from a different perspective.
A wise person once said to me ‘It takes the whole world to know Christ’. Our link with Zambia enables us to see more of the Jesus we share than we could ever hope to experience otherwise.
Bishop Michael Beasley
Bishop of Bath and Wells
Galhampton Village Hall
A very attractive modern hall with excellent facilities
Main hall, meeting room and consulting room available
Many items of equipment available to hire – check the website for details
To enquire or book: email email@example.com or call 07534 919195
For full details visit: www.galhampton.com
NORTH CADBURY VILLAGE HALL
“The character of the old with the comfort of the new”
Main Hall and Reading Room
well equipped for large or small events
Furniture, crockery, glasses and cutlery etc. available for hire
Please ring Esther Watts 07468 484 281 for bookings or enquiries
For more enquiries please go to www.northcadburyvillagehall.org.uk
NORTH CHERITON VILLAGE HALL
Our well equipped hall with full kitchen facilities has seating for up to 80 people. Ideal for Children’s Parties, Weddings, Funerals, Classes and many other events.
Dedicated disabled parking and access.
For further details and bookings. Call Ailsa Matkevich – 01963 31488
Yarlington Village Hall
Open with new kitchen facilities
Contact Andy Keely 01963 440607
South Cadbury Village Hall
• Ideal space for regular bookings or one-off events
• Adjacent to playing fields and children’s play area with ample parking
• Well equipped kitchen, plenty of lightweight tables and chairs
• Free ultrafast WiFi
• Bluetooth enabled AV system, with integrated projector and hearing loop
• Competitive rates, with discount for South Cadbury villagers
• Contact Alison on 01963 440997 for bookings and details,
or firstname.lastname@example.org
| Date | Event | Time | Location |
|--------|--------------------------------------------|--------------------|---------------------------------|
| 1st | - | | |
| 2nd | Village Gathering & Coffee Morning | 10-11.30 | Galhampton Village Hall |
| 3rd | Sunday Services | | See centre pages for services |
| 4th | mainly music | 9.30-11.30 | Galhampton Church |
| 5th | Bonfire Night | 6 for 6.30 | Galhampton Playing Field |
| 6th | Craft Group | 2-4.00pm | North Cheriton Village Hall |
| 7th | Galhampton Walkers | 9.15am | Galhampton Church |
| | Galhampton Singers | 4-5.15pm | Galhampton Village Hall |
| | Camelot Christmas Choir rehearsal | 7-8.00pm | Yarlington Church |
| 8th | - | | |
| 9th | South Cadbury Village Café | 10am-12 | South Cadbury Village Hall |
| | Film Night - “One Life” | | Blackford Reading Room |
| 10th | Remembrance Sunday Services | | See centre pages for services |
| 11th | mainly music | 9.30-11.30 | Galhampton Church |
| 12th | Holy Communion | 10.00am | South Cadbury Church |
| | Alternative Celtic Worship | 2.30pm | Galhampton Church |
| | South Cadbury & Sutton Montis WI | 7.30pm | South Cadbury Village Hall |
| 13th | - | | |
| 14th | Community Coffee Morning | 10-11.30am | North Cadbury Church |
| | Lunch Club | 12.30pm | Galhampton Village Hall |
| | Galhampton Singers | 4-5.15pm | Galhampton Village Hall |
| | Camelot Christmas Choir rehearsal | 7-8.00pm | Galhampton Church |
| 15th | Film Night - “One Life” | | Galhampton Village Hall |
| 16th | Saturday Breakfast | 8.30am | Blackford Reading Room |
| | Jumble Sale | 2-4.00pm | North Cadbury Village Hall |
| 17th | Sunday Services | | See centre pages for services |
| 18th | mainly music | 9.30-11.30 | Galhampton Church |
| 19th | Alternative Celtic Worship | 2.30pm | Galhampton Church |
| 20th | North Cadbury Gardening Club | 7.30pm | North Cadbury Village Hall |
| 21st | Galhampton Singers | 4-5.15pm | Galhampton Village Hall |
| | Camelot Christmas Choir rehearsal | 7-8.00pm | Yarlington Church |
| 22nd | - | | |
| 23rd | - | | |
| 24th | Sunday Services | | See centre pages for services |
| 25th | mainly music | 9.30-11.30 | Galhampton Church |
| 26th | Alternative Celtic Worship | 2.30pm | Galhampton Church |
| 27th | N Cadbury Women’s Group | 10.30am | North Cadbury Reading Room |
| | N Cadbury & Yarlington Parish Council | 7.00pm | N Cadbury Reading Room |
| 28th | Galhampton Singers | 4-5.15pm | Galhampton Village Hall |
| | Camelot Christmas Choir rehearsal | 7-8.00pm | Galhampton Church |
| 29th | - | | |
| 30th | Craft Sale | 10-1.00pm | South Cadbury Village Hall |
| | Coffee Morning & 200 Club | 10.30am | North Cadbury Village Hall |
| | Christmas Themed Afternoon Tea | 2.30pm | South Cadbury Village Hall |
Camelot Parishes Vacancy
For administrative matters during the vacancy, including arranging weddings and baptisms, please contact the Parishes Secretary, Rob Sage, whose contact details can be found at the bottom of page 2. If phoning, please do so within Office hours (9.30am - 12.30pm weekday mornings) where possible. The Parishes Secretary is continuing to work from home some days each week.
For urgent pastoral matters the Revd Ron Wood can be contacted - his contact details can also be found on page 2.
Excalibur Double Issue
Items for inclusion in the December and January double issue of Excalibur should be sent to the Camelot Parishes Office (preferably by e-mail - see page 2 for the address) by Friday 15th November. Don’t forget to include details of your January events.
Camelot Christmas Choir
The Camelot Christmas Choir has just started practising for the Advent Service, 1st December at North Cadbury, and the Carol Services from 20th December (with the Camelot Carol Service at North Cadbury on Sunday 22nd December).
Rehearsals are Thursday evenings, 7.00pm till 8.00pm. 31st October in Galhampton, 7th November in Yarlington, 14th November in Galhampton, etc until 19th December in North Cadbury.
We are doing Gaudate and This little Light of mine for the Advent Service. Then for the Carol Services: Rutter’s arrangement of O Holy Night, arrangement of Ding Dong by Peter Hunt, and a new one - The First Christmas by David Hamilton which I hope everyone will like. Everyone is welcome who would like to sing! Contact Clare Leavold for more details.
Tuesday Evening Worship
In November there be no alternative worship in the Celtic tradition in Galhampton on Tuesday November 5th because it is bonfire night. For the remaining Tuesdays in November the service will take place at 2.30pm in the afternoon.
The Key to Longer Life
Scientists have long known that mental resilience, or our ability to bounce back in the face of trouble and adversity, has a powerful effect on us for the good. Such resilience has been linked to preventing disease, keeping chronic illnesses at bay, and helping us recover after trauma.
Now it seems that our capacity to cope with and adapt to challenging life events may even delay our risk of dying for many years.
Scientists at the University of Sun Yat-sen, in Shenzhen China, have done extensive
research into the health records of more than 10,000 Americans who had signed up for the US Health and Retirement Study. They found that those who scored high on qualities such as perseverance, calmness, a sense of purpose, self-reliance and stoicism had a much lower death rate than others who scored lower.
Writing in the journal BMJ Mental Health, the authors said: “Exposure to adversity, such as poverty or significant life events like job loss or bereavement, often leads to disruptions in psychological functioning. However, individuals differ in their ability to overcome and adapt to adversity, with some exhibiting resilience while others struggle.”
Psalm 55 says: ‘Cast your burden upon the Lord and He will sustain you; He will never allow the righteous to be shaken.’ Now that sounds like resilience - with some heavenly back-up!
**North Cadbury and Yarlington Parish Council Meeting**
The next meeting of the Parish Council will be held on Wednesday 27th November 2024 at 7.00pm in North Cadbury Reading Room. The agenda will be placed on the North Cadbury website and on notice boards 4 days before the event. Members of the public are welcome to attend.
Mrs Rebecca Carter, Parish Clerk
Portman House, North Barrow, Somerset, BA22 7LZ Tel. 01963 240226
Email email@example.com
Diane Rickers, Chairman
Marl Pitt Cottage, Galhampton, Somerset, BA22 7AE Tel. 07854 480225
firstname.lastname@example.org
---
**DIFFERENT STYLES OF WORSHIP AT GALHAMPTON CHURCH**
Worship in the Celtic tradition from Iona, Northumberland, etc.
All welcome – come and see if you enjoy alternative ways to praise God
Coffee and cake included.
From 2.30 – 3.30pm
12th, 19th & 26th November
No service on November 5th
---
**mainly music**
A fun music group for parents/primary care-givers to enjoy with their pre-schoolers (0-5 years). Run weekly during school term times, it’s fun and interactive, 30 minutes of songs with musical instruments, games and dance. Followed by eat/chat/play time. An enjoyable way to have quality time together and meet new friends.
Mondays 4th, 11th, 18th & 25th November in Galhampton Chapel
Doors open at 9:30, sessions start at 10am and finish by 11:30am.
Cost: £2.50 per family, includes refreshments
Camelot People
We give thanks to God for:
Yolanda Ralph (aged 95). Died on 1st August 2024. Burial at St Michael's, North Cadbury on Friday 16th August, following a funeral service in Portsmouth.
Michael ('Mike') Salthouse (aged 76). Died on 3rd August 2024. Service of Thanksgiving at St John the Baptist, North Cheriton on Thursday 22nd August. Mike’s ashes were scattered in the Lake District on Saturday 12th October. Apologies to Mike’s family and friends for the error in the entry in last month’s Excalibur.
Trudy Oatley (aged 84). Died on 27th September 2024. Service of Thanksgiving at St John the Baptist, North Cheriton on Saturday 19th October.
Weddings
Congratulations to Alice Christina Deeley and Prakhyath Prasad Uppuleti married at St Michael's, North Cadbury on Saturday September 28th 2024.
Holy Communion
Tuesday 12th November
10.00am
at South Cadbury Church
Constant kindness can accomplish much. As the sun makes ice melt, kindness causes misunderstanding, mistrust and hostility to evaporate.
– Albert Schweitzer
100 years ago, on 2nd November 1924, the first crossword puzzle to appear in a British newspaper was published in the Sunday Express.
90 years ago, on 30th November 1934, the British steam locomotive, Flying Scotsman, became the first train officially to reach 100 mph.
70 years ago, on 13th November 1954, the first Rugby League World Cup Final was held, in Paris, France. Great Britain beat France 16 – 12.
50 years ago, on 25th November 1974, South African heart surgeon Dr Christian Barnard performed the world’s first double heart transplant. The original heart was left in place and a donor heart was connected to it to support its workload.
40 years ago, on 25th November 1984 that 36 musicians gathered in London to record the Band Aid single Do They Know It’s Christmas to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia.
Dorset Delights Catering
Event Catering for all Occasions
~Weddings ~ Funeral Teas ~ Drinks Parties
~Anniversaries ~Birthdays ~ Christenings
www.dorsetdelightscatering.co.uk email@example.com
Contact Alice 07783 928532 Louise 07743 780609
Harold F. Miles Funeral Director
Family Run Business
All arrangements made
24 hour service
Private Chapels of Rest
Pre-paid Funeral Plans
Winton Cottage
South Cadbury
Tel: 01963-440367
BLACKFORD READING ROOM
• Recently refurbished throughout with fully equipped kitchen
• Suitable for regular or one-off events
• Wheelchair access - Disabled toilet
• Audio visual equipment available
• Competitive rates with discounts for Blackford & Compton Pauncefoot residents
Contact Elaine:
firstname.lastname@example.org
HOLTON VILLAGE HALL
All You Need for any Party or Event
Seats 50 - well-equipped kitchen.
VERY GOOD RATES
• Bluetooth audio/visual system
• Hearing loop and wheelchair access
• Pretty garden
• Gazebos, tables, chairs, crockery all available for private hire.
Contact Lisa Prior on 07773 440147
M & A J Landscaping
General Garden Maintenance and Clearance
• Stonewalling • Patios • Fencing
• Lawn Mowing • Strimming • Hedge Cutting, etc
07399 521377
Dear friends,
In 1966 I was seventeen, and in love with a girl called Beryl. She was blonde and beautiful, and from Sefton Park, a posh bit of Liverpool, so she had a fashionable Scouse accent. She also had a Yorkshire Terrier. Even for a Yorkshire Terrier, it was very small, like an escaped moustache, and as its legs were very short, it went for very short walks, because it was knackered by the time it got to the front gate. But Beryl loved it.
One Saturday morning, it was sitting on a shiny kitchen chair, and as I approached, it barked at me. Its bark was so high-pitched that only bats could hear it, but as it yapped, it recoiled backwards like a tiny cannon going off, until it fell off the chair.
Laugh! I did. And Beryl, clutching the dog to her bosom, rounded on me furiously. How could I say I loved her if I laughed at her dog? If I loved her, I should have treated it with respect, and she never spoke to me again, and later married Jim Hebden.
Jesus has the same attitude. How can we say we love God if we don’t love and respect his people? In fact, the only practical way we can show our devotion to him is to do whatever we can for his people, and that means anyone who needs us.
The Greeks had all sorts of myths about their gods coming to them in disguise to test human beings. (Zeus was the champ at this, but it was usually with seduction in mind), and so the Greeks were always wondering if that stranger, or beggar, was really a god in disguise.
We don’t have to wonder. In Matthew’s gospel, chapter 25, from verse 31, there is the parable of the sheep and the goats, where people are divided by whether they have given Jesus food or drink, shelter and clothing, or visited him in prison. “When did we ever see you hungry and thirsty, naked or imprisoned?” they ask, And Jesus replies, “Whatever you did for the least of my little ones, you did for me.” This is the message of Advent, the run-up to Christmas that starts on the last Sunday of this month. Jesus is coming, and he might come hungry, ill, or in need, and we should recognise him however we meet him.
St Martin, whose day is November 11th, was a Roman officer. One snowy day, he met a beggar, shivering at the side of the road. Martin’s cloak was clipped into his armour, so he used his sword to cut it free. and put it round the old man’s shoulders. That night he dreamed he saw Jesus wrapped in a cloak with a cut edge. “Where did you get that?” he asked. Jesus replied, “You gave it to me this afternoon.”
Love to you all,
Ron
Craft Sale and Christmas Themed Afternoon Tea with mulled wine
Saturday November 30th
South Cadbury Village Hall
Are you a crafter with goods to sell?
Tables available from 10.00am to 1.00pm - £5.00 each
Afternoon tea from 2.30pm onwards
Tickets £15.00 (Names in advance please)
All tickets will go into a free draw for a Christmas themed hamper.
All profits to: Dorset and Somerset Air Ambulance and St Thomas à Becket Church.
Please contact Jackie on 07807074340 or email@example.com
Rachel Shaw is Zambia Link Coordinator in Keynsham Parish, which has a link with Chipata South in Eastern Zambia, tells us how their link is looking to the future.
What initiatives are planned as part of the link?
Next year two teachers from Zambia will spend time with us in Keynsham. Susan, a head teacher, and Febby, a class teacher, are planning to come at Easter and spend one week at St John’s and one week at Two Rivers Church of England Schools in Keynsham. We hope their visit will help cement deeper connections and strengthen our relationships.
How do you feel the link enriches the spiritual life of both communities?
It makes us look outwards because we often concentrate on our own problems. Falling numbers and reducing money etc. all that weighs us down in the church, then we look out and we see Zambia and it gives us a sense of perspective and makes us more aware of the wider world.
Has the link influenced the faith journey of each parish?
When I ask our Zambian friends what they most value, I would expect them to say, ‘It’s great to have this lovely school, and it’s great now we’ve got a parish car.’ Instead, they say, ‘It’s great that we pray for each other’. There is a real sense of common faith, of common joy.
What do you feel will help sustain the link in the future?
The link is very much based on relationships. The sense of honouring that relationship and the commitment to the people, has kept us moving forward.
What impact has the link had on parishes here and in Zambia?
We carry a lot of cultural preconceptions and prejudices. Being part of the link changes our preconceptions. We’ve learned about different things, for example climate change, we understand it better as we’ve seen the direct impact on people in Zambia. When it’s people you know it makes you care more.
Has being part of the link helped deepen your faith?
Somehow my faith has been energised by seeing people in Zambia living by faith and living in the word of God. When I first went to Zambia, I realised how foundational faith is to the lives of the people there and that helped boost my faith.
Find out more about our school links with Zambia at bathandwells.org.uk/school-links
Chartered Physiotherapist & Veterinary Physiotherapist
MCSP, HCPC, RAMP, ACPAT Cat A.
Alice Parsons
07960 929237
firstname.lastname@example.org
www.apphysiotherapy.co.uk
Philip Hodder
Electrical Contractor
West Camel
Part P Registered, over 30 years experience, small jobs welcome, personal service.
Rewiring - replacement fuse boards extra sockets - lights etc - fault finding.
Tel: 01935 850027 / 07836 710130
www.philiphodderelectrical.co.uk
LIZZIE PRICE
SHADING SOLUTIONS
BLINDS • SHUTTERS • AWNINGS
VERANDAS • CARPORTS
Call us on 07879 992000 or visit www.lizziepriceshadingsolutions.co.uk
North Cadbury, Somerset BA22 7DP
DINNER PARTIES
WEDDINGS
WAKES
BESPOKE CATERING
FOR ANY
OCCASION
WWW.DORSETFINEDINING.CO.UK NICK 07525 667687 email@example.com
The Orchard Inn
A traditional English Pub, serving good homemade food, sourced locally, great real ales, and a warm welcome.
High Road,
Galhampton
01963 440751
www.orchardinngalhampton.co.uk
Margaret of Scotland
Margaret of Scotland has been called ‘The Pearl of Scotland’, but she began life in Hungary about 1045. She was born to the expatriate English prince Edward the Exile, and so was an English princess. The family returned to Wessex in 1057, when she was 13, and following the death of King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, her brother Edgar Aetheling should have been King of England, but he was never crowned. Instead, the family fled north, to Scotland, where she was married to Malcolm III of Scotland by 1070. As a Scottish queen she went on to become mother of three kings of Scotland, and of a queen consort of England (Matilda, wife of Henry I).
Margaret was a Christian, and became a good friend of Lanfranc, a future archbishop of Canterbury. Her biographer tells of how she read narratives from the Bible to her husband, thus helping to ‘civilise’ him. He was illiterate, but so admired her reading, that he had her books decorated with gold and silver. She was also credited with helping her youngest son, the future King David I of Scotland, towards becoming a just and holy ruler.
Margaret introduced the worship and practise of the Church of Rome into Scotland. She also wanted to help the many pilgrims travelling in Scotland, and so she established a ferry across the Firth of Forth, which is where the towns South Queensferry and North Queensferry got their names.
Margaret performed many charitable works for the poor, and she interceded for the release of English exiles who had been forced into serfdom following the Norman conquest. She also began the restoration of Iona Abbey.
In private life, Margaret spent much of her time in prayer, using a cave on the banks of the Tower Burn in Dunfermline as a place of devotion and prayers. St Margaret’s Cave is still there today, covered beneath a municipal car park.
Margaret died in 1093, and in 1250 Pope Innocent IV canonised her. Her relics were dispersed after the Scottish Reformation, but at one time Mary, Queen of Scots, owned her head.
My granddad always said, “When one door closes, another door opens.”
Lovely man. Terrible cabinet maker.
The Lord’s Larder
Do you know anyone who is short of food? Are you, perhaps?
Help is available, in confidence, from the Lord’s Larder – not directly, but by phoning 01935 479398.
For an Efficient and Reliable Ironing Service
Telephone: 01963 441448
No load too small/large
One-offs undertaken
Collection and Delivery Available
Sunday Worship
3rd November The Fourth Sunday before Advent Red or Green
CAMELOT WORSHIP SUNDAY
9.00 am Yarlington Communion (BCP) rw
9.30 am North Cheriton Camelot Matins (BCP org) gr
11.00 am North Cadbury Group Communion (CW org) rw
READINGS Morning - Deuteronomy 6: 1-9; Hebrews 9: 11-14; Mark 12: 28-34
10th November The Third Sunday before Advent Red or Green
REMEMBRANCE SUNDAY
10.50am Blackford Remembrance Service (org) ca tb
Compton Pauncefoot - Service at Blackford
Holton Remembrance Service (org) ap
Maperton Remembrance Service (org) os
North Cadbury Remembrance Service (org) rw
North Cheriton Remembrance Service (org) gr
South Cadbury Act of Remembrance jj
Yarlington Remembrance Service (org) lg
READINGS Jonah 3: 1-5, 10; Hebrews 9: 24-28; Mark 1: 14-20
or readings for Remembrance
17th November The Second Sunday before Advent Red or Green
9.30 am Compton Pauncefoot Communion (BCP org) rw
Blackford - Service at Compton Pauncefoot
11.00 am North Cadbury Sunday Worship rw
4.00 pm Yarlington Evensong (BCP org) rs
READINGS Morning - Daniel 12: 1-3; Hebrews 10: 11-25; Mark 13: 1-8
Evening - Daniel 3; Matthew 13: 24-30, 36-43
Key: CW = Common Worship,
BCP = Book of Common Prayer,
org = organ, kb = keyboard, g = guitar.
Holton, North Cheriton & North Cadbury Churches have an Audio Loop for the hard of hearing
24th November Christ the King
Red or White
THE SUNDAY NEXT BEFORE ADVENT
| Time | Location | Service | Color |
|----------|-------------------|----------------------------------|-------|
| 8.00 am | Blackford | Communion (BCP) | rw |
| 9.30 am | Compton Pauncefoot| Matins (BCP org) | tb |
| | North Cheriton | Morning Worship | ap |
| | South Cadbury | Communion (BCP org) | rw |
| 11.00 am | North Cadbury | Communion (CW org) | rw |
| | Yarlington | Sunday Worship (kb) | ap |
| 4.00pm | Galhampton | Evening Service (piano) | nn |
**Readings**
- Morning - Daniel 7: 9-10, 13-14; Revelation 1: 4b-8; John 18: 33-37
- Evening - Daniel 5; John 6: 1-15
---
1st December Advent Sunday
Purple
CAMELOT WORSHIP SUNDAY
| Time | Location | Service | Color |
|----------|-------------------|----------------------------------|-------|
| 9.00 am | Yarlington | Communion (BCP) | rw |
| 9.30 am | North Cheriton | Camelot Matins (BCP org) | gr |
| 11.00 am | North Cadbury | Advent Carol Service (org) | rw |
**Readings**
- Morning - Jeremiah 33: 14-16; 1 Thessalonians 3: 9-13; Luke 21: 25-36
---
**Clergy**
- **rw** Revd Ron Wood
- **ap** Revd Alison Parris
**Readers**
- **gr** George Renwick
- **rs** Rob Sage
**Lay Worship Assistants**
- **ca** Chris Akroyd
- **lg** Lesley Gillingham
- **nn** Nerissa Northover
- **tb** Tony Beadles
**Churchwardens**
- **jj** Jane Jones
- **os** Olivia Scott
---
**God so loves them all**
*If God so loved the world
he sent his only Son,
the meaning of that phrase, unfurled?
That he loves everyone.*
*Oh yes, that does mean me,
and it means you, as well;
and those whose clothes are fine to see
and those whose clothes may smell.*
*The homeless man, remote.
the Earl within his hall
the migrants in their rubber boat -
for God so loves them all.*
*And so both you and I
must love all these the same;
for Jesus came down here to die –
for all these souls to claim.*
By Nigel Beeton
Blackford
**FILM NIGHT**
One Life with Anthony Hopkins on Saturday 9th November at 7.30pm. Tickets £5 to include popcorn and ice cream in the interval. To book call Sophia on 07714 329209.
**SATURDAY BREAKFAST**
Join us for our monthly village breakfast on Saturday November 16th 2024 at 8.30am in the Reading Room.
**BOOK CLUB**
For details contact 01963 440754.
**NOVEMBER SERVICES AT ST MICHAEL’S**
Sunday 10th 10.50am Remembrance Service (org)
Sunday 17th 9.30am at Compton Pauncefoot
Sunday 24th 8.00am Communion (BCP)
Bratton Seymour (Bratton St Maur)
**NOVEMBER SERVICES AT ST NICHOLAS’**
No planned Sunday services in November.
Compton Pauncefoot
**NOVEMBER SERVICES AT ST MARY’S**
Sunday 10th 10.50am Remembrance Service at Blackford
Sunday 17th 9.30am Communion (BCP org)
Sunday 24th 9.30am Matins (BCP org)
Galhampton
**NOVEMBER VILLAGE GATHERING & Coffee Morning with 200 Club Draw – Saturday 2nd November 10.00am to 11.30am at the village hall with draw and notices at 10.30am. Enjoy a cup of fresh brewed coffee and a delicious home-made cake, made by one of our fabulous bakers. Join fellow villagers for some convivial company and see if you have won in the monthly 200 club draw. Please come along to this popular event which is a great way of catching up with what is going on in our lovely village. Everyone welcome so if you are new to the village this is a great way to meet your neighbours.**
**MAINLY MUSIC**
mainly music is a fun and educational group for pre-school children with their parents or grandparents. The children learn singing, balance, rhythm, movement and counting skills in a fun and relaxed setting.
This is followed by refreshments and play time for the children, and homemade cake for grown-ups! A great way to start the week and make new friends. Mondays in term time in Galhampton Church, 9.30-11.30am. Mondays 4th, 11th, 18th and 25th November. £2.50 per session.
**BONFIRE NIGHT**
Tuesday 5th November from 6.00pm on the village playing field. The gate will open at
6.00pm, the bonfire be lit at 6.30pm and the fireworks display started at 7.00pm. As always, there will be an excellent range of hot and cold food and drinks on offer at reasonable prices plus the usual family friendly atmosphere for another popular annual Galhampton event. Entry is just £5 per adult, £3 for children and under-2s free. A great night out for the family. Sorry, no sparklers on the field.
**Galhampton Walkers**
Galhampton Walkers meet on Thursday November 7th outside the Church at 9.15am for a beautiful walk. Coffee afterwards at the pub. All welcome.
**Galhampton Singers**
Every Thursday enjoyable, mixed choir. New music for this term includes: ‘We will rock you’ Queen and ‘Love is all around’ The Beatles. We sing a large variety of music. All abilities welcome. You don’t have to read music. Just turn up. It’s all about the joy of singing. 4.00pm till 5.15pm on Thursday afternoons in Galhampton Village hall. All this for £1 per session.
**Lunch Club**
Thursday 14th November 12.30pm at the village hall. Everyone welcome. A two-course lunch with coffee for £12. If you are interested, please telephone 07926 119199 or email firstname.lastname@example.org A warm welcome awaits you. It is important to let us know if you are coming.
**Film Night**
Friday 15th November “ONE LIFE” Doors open 6.30pm. Film commences at 7.00pm. The true store of Nicholas Winton, who successfully helps 669 predominantly Jewish children in German occupied Czechoslovakia to hide and flee in 1938-39. Stars Anthony Hopkins and Helen Bonham
Carter. Price of film includes a light supper prior to film. Adult ticket £10. Under 16’s £6. Licensed bar (cash or card) and ice creams. Tickets can be ordered by email from email@example.com or from Paul Carter 07875206987.
**Village Hall Booking**
To enquire about booking the village hall please email firstname.lastname@example.org or call 07534 919195.
**Village Events**
Keep up to date via www.galhampton.com.
To see what is going on in the village hall and to check availability, there is a calendar on the website with details of all the classes and events that are happening.
**November Services at Galhampton Church**
Sunday 24th 4.00pm Evening Service (piano)
**Holton**
**November Services at St Nicholas**
Sunday 10th 10.50am Remembrance Service (org)
**Maperton**
**November Services at St Peter & St Paul’s**
Sunday 10th 10.50am Remembrance Service (org)
**North Cadbury**
**Mainly Music**
mainly music is a fun and educational group for pre-school children with their parents or grandparents. The children learn singing, balance, rhythm, movement and counting skills in a fun and relaxed setting.
This is followed by refreshments and play time for the children, and homemade cake for grown-ups! A great way to start the week and make new friends. Mondays in term time in Galhampton Church, 9.30-11.30am. Mondays 4th, 11th, 18th and 25th November. £2.50 per session.
**Community Coffee Morning**
Thursday 14th November, 10.00-11.30am, Community Coffee Morning in North Cadbury Church. Coffee, cake and company in North Cadbury Church. Everyone is welcome, and there’s no charge. We look forward to seeing you.
**North Cadbury Village Hall**
**Coffee Morning & 200 Club Draw**
Coffee Morning and 200 Club Draw on Saturday 30th November at 10.30am. Hot drinks and homemade cake are available while you chat and check if your number comes up in the 200 Club monthly draw. If you have not ‘joined our club’ you can purchase your ticket by contacting email@example.com
If you are unable to attend our wonderful coffee mornings, tickets for the 200 Club are still available, they make fabulous gifts as well as supporting our local community from afar. The ticket owner does not necessarily have to attend! Good luck!
**Quiz Night** – Saturday 26th October – Book your place as soon as possible for this popular event. Doors open 7.00pm for 7:30pm start. Entry £8 and includes refreshments. Teams of 2-6 people, so come along with your team or on your own and join up with others. Table reservations are advised by calling Robin on 01963 440554 or firstname.lastname@example.org
Holloway’s Home Services
Domestic/Commercial Oil Boiler Servicing and Maintenance
Air-Con and Air Source Heat Pump Servicing and Maintenance
Swimming Pool, Hot Tub and Plant Room Servicing and Maintenance
AGA and Rayburn Cooker Servicing
Call – 07414 242454
Email – email@example.com
STUDIO 6 DESIGN & PRINT
Business Cards & Letterheads
Leaflets & Flyers • NCR Forms & Pads
Colour and B/W Copying • Personal Stationery
Banners & Signage • Booklets & Brochures
Building Plan Copying, Printing & Scanning
Wedding Stationery • Funeral Orders of Service
Labels & Rubber Stamps
Please make an appointment
01458 460933
firstname.lastname@example.org
Woodside Court, Sparkford BA22 7LH (next to Motor Museum)
www.studio-6.co.uk
Wayne Timmins
Painter and Decorator
• Interior & Exterior • Fully Qualified
• 20 years Experience
• Wallpapering & Lining
• Residential & Commercial
01935 872007 / 07715 867145
email@example.com
GARDENS OF ILLUSION
Garden design & construction
stonework & restoration
patios & driveways
ponds & water features
outdoor lighting
all types of fencing
remote controlled gates
& garden maintenance
Please contact Mark on:
07813 600546 or (01963) 220264
www.gardens-of-illusion.co.uk
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
We are a small business,
delivering first class work,
with local references available.
~ All Plumbing work carried out
~ Complete bathroom and kitchen installations
~ Home improvements
Free Quotations No VAT
Tel: 07884434625 (Yarlington)
Licensed bar!
**Jumble Sale** – Saturday 16\textsuperscript{th} November 2.00–4.00pm. Refreshments & Cake. Funds will go towards the upkeep of the Village Hall. Offers of Jumble – please contact Claire Harding 01963 440474 / 07870 975749. Donation drop off at the hall: Friday afternoon or Saturday 16\textsuperscript{th} 9.00am - 11.00am.
**Pantomime** – Dick Whittington
After 5 years Camelot Players bring you their long awaited return to pantomime, Oh yes they are! This December they bring you, Dick Whittington. Tickets are available from North Cadbury Stores, by phone on 01963 440554 and through their website www.camelotplayers.co.uk, Adults are £12 and Under 16s are £9.
Performances will be on Thursday 6\textsuperscript{th}, Friday 7\textsuperscript{th} and Saturday 8\textsuperscript{th} December from 7.30pm and also a relaxed performance at 2.30pm on Saturday 8\textsuperscript{th} December, encouraging those with autism and others to experience theatre in a more welcoming setting that meets their needs. For more details about what we will be doing for this relaxed performance please see the Dick Whittington page on our website www.camelotplayers.co.uk.
**Clubs and Activities**
The village hall has a variety of clubs and activities open to all. These include Table Tennis, Gardening Club, Folk Nights, Band practices, Art Class, and Women’s Group. Oh, did we mention, we also have a full-sized tennis court?! Just email us for further details.
Should you require any further information or you would like to host your own club please contact email@example.com
Don’t forget, the hall can be hired for parties, fund raisers, training, shows, demonstrations and well, just about anything. We would love to hear from you.
**North Cadbury Women’s Group**
We have 4-5 talks a year, outings and sometimes a social meeting where we just meet to catch up over a buffet lunch. Meetings are held on the 4\textsuperscript{th} Wednesday of the month in North Cadbury Village Hall.
The group is incredibly welcoming and if you are interested in joining please come along to a meeting at North Cadbury Village Hall and find out for yourself. We have an events diary, on request, and posters advertise the next event each month. Further information from: Chairman: Angela Hunt 01963 440929, Treasurer: Noreen Rundle 441397, Events: Rita Gaulke 07777658702, Publicity: Susie Morris 441319.
**North Cadbury & District Gardening Club**
We are a small friendly gardening club that generally meets on the third Wednesday of the month at North Cadbury village hall. Mostly we have a talk then tea and friendly chat. In the summer months we plan to get out to visit gardens and places of horticultural interest and this summer the weather was pretty good to us on these occasions.
Louise Burks, a Castle Gardens speaker will be talking on Folklore in gardening to assess its value or otherwise on November 20\textsuperscript{th}.
In December our Christmas Meal with quiz is on Monday 16\textsuperscript{th} December, also at 7 for 7.30pm in the village hall. Please book and choose a meal if you’d like to join us, preferably by November meeting.
Work continues on the village hall garden - current jobs include clearing out spent
SSCAT Bus Ring and Ride
Serves the surrounding towns and villages of Wincanton. It’s available to people of all ages who, for one reason or another are unable to access service buses. Available for picking you up and dropping you off at your door.
You pay a membership fee followed by zone related fares when travelling on the bus. Bus passes will give you a 50% reduction in fare.
To book or for more information please ring 01963 33864
RC Property Care Limited
Property Preservation, Renovation & Repairs
For a Reliable & Personal Service call
07980 286290 or find us on Checkatrade.com
- Damp Proofing
- Basement Conversions
- Woodworm & Fungal Decay
- Guttering & Fascias
- Carpentry, Joinery
- Kitchen Fitting
- Traditional Lime Pointing
B & B Benjafield
Domestic House Cleaning Service
Reliable and trustworthy, references available, establish. 2000.
Weekly cleans, Spring cleans, house moving cleans, also carpet cleaning.
07534 654518 01963 370763
The Village Stores
NORTH CADAURY
Bob and Jackie New Welcome You
An extensive range of goods and services available
OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK
8am-6pm Mon-Fri; 8am-1pm Sat; 9am-1pm Sun
- Fresh Meat from ANDREW BARCLAY BUTCHERS of Wincanton, Daily delivery of a selection of meats and your orders taken
- Selected local farm Cheese including … MONTGOMERY’S world famous Farmhouse Cheddar
- Frozen meals from OLIVE’S KITCHEN
- LONGMAN’S Farmhouse Butter
- FUDGES and BORDER biscuits in stock
- Off Licence; including locally made Cider
- Fresh BREAD, PASTRIES & PIES baked on the premises
- Dry Cleaning with PUFFINS of Yeovil
- Groceries - Fruit & Vegetables & Milk
- Pet foods & Household goods
- Hot Drinks available
- Colour/B&W Photocopying - Faxing - Laminating
- AND MUCH MORE
IAN BRAMLEY
French Polisher
Antique Restorer
Give your furniture a new lease of life.
Tel: 01963 370997
Mob: 07745 601989
plants before the winter and rose pruning. Helpers welcome between 5 and 6.00pm on Wednesdays, or other times by arrangement.
Guests and new members are always welcome. Doors open at 7 for 7.30. £3 per evening talk or £15 annual membership.
Contact firstname.lastname@example.org
**NOVEMBER SERVICES AT ST MICHAEL’S**
Sunday 3rd 11.00am Communion (CW org)
Sunday 10th 10.50am Remembrance Service (org)
Sunday 17th 11.00am Sunday Worship
Sunday 24th 11.00am Communion (CW org)
**North Cheriton**
**CRAFT GROUP**
Our next meeting will be on Wednesday 6th November. We will be thinking Christmas but you can bring your own project if you prefer. We meet in the village hall, 2-4.00pm. £2 per person please. Everyone is very welcome. Bring a friend! More details from Belinda email@example.com
**NOVEMBER SERVICES AT ST JOHN THE BAPTIST**
Sunday 3rd 9.30am Camelot Matins (BCP org)
Sunday 10th 10.50am Remembrance Service (org)
Sunday 24th 9.30am Morning Worship (org)
**South Cadbury**
**SOUTH CADBURY CHURCH**
A fallen boss in the nave of St Thomas à Becket Church has necessitated restricted the use of some areas in the Church for the time being, for Health and Safety reasons. The Church will be closed except when it is in use for published services or agreed activities.
**REMEMBRANCE SUNDAY**
This year there will be a short service with an Act of Remembrance starting at 10.50am and taking place in the churchyard. If the weather is inclement, the service will take place in the church.
**CRAFT SALE**
Saturday November 30th 10.00am to 1.00pm in South Cadbury Village Hall. Are you a crafter with goods to sell? Tables available for £5. In aid of the Dorset and Somerset Air Ambulance and St Thomas à Becket Church. To book a table please contact Jackie on 07807 074340 or firstname.lastname@example.org
**CHRISTMAS THEMED AFTERNOON TEA**
Saturday November 30th from 2.30pm onwards in South Cadbury Village Hall. Tickets £15 (names in advance please). All tickets will go into a free draw for a Christmas themed hamper. All profits to the Dorset and Somerset Air Ambulance and St Thomas à Becket Church. To book please contact Jackie on 07807 074340 or email@example.com
**SOUTH CADBURY VILLAGE HALL**
The popular Village Café will be open again on Saturday November 9th 10.00am - 12 noon for delicious cakes tea and coffee and an opportunity to meet and chat.
The Camelot pub is fully operational and serving great pub grub so book yourself in for a meal.
South Cadbury Village Hall has a fully integrated AV system complete with a loop hearing system. So, whether you want a
party, run a film night, make a presentation, hold a business meeting or anything else contact firstname.lastname@example.org
Need a bit more flexibility in your body? Come and join Olly Finbow at South Cadbury Village Hall on Wednesdays at 10.45 am and benefit from his brilliant Pilates sessions. No experience needed and call Olly on 07842 206849 or email him at email@example.com to discuss or reserve a place.
**SOUTH CADBURY AND SUTTON MONTIS WOMEN’S INSTITUTE**
For more details please contact: Julie Scrancher - firstname.lastname@example.org
**NOVEMBER SERVICES AT ST THOMAS À BECKET**
Sunday 10th 10.50am Act of Remembrance
Tuesday 12th 10.00am Communion (BCP)
Sunday 24th 9.30am Communion (BCP org)
**Yarlington**
**NOVEMBER SERVICES AT ST MARY’S**
Sunday 3rd 9.00am Communion (BCP)
Sunday 10th 10.50am Remembrance Service (org)
Sunday 17th 4.00pm Evensong (BCP org)
Sunday 24th 11.00am Sunday Worship (kb, g)
---
When a train goes through a tunnel and it gets dark, you don’t throw away your ticket and jump off. You sit still and trust the engineer.
– Corrie ten Boom
---
**Damian Hoddinott Plumbing & Heating Services**
Competitive Rates for all your Plumbing Needs
- Bathroom Installations
- Tiling
- General Plumbing
- 24 hour emergency service
- Central Heating Installations
- Unvented Hot Water Cylinders Installed & Serviced
- Free Estimates/Quotes
Tel: South Cadbury 01963 441232 or mobile 079716 76111
e-mail: email@example.com
---
**Colour copying available at the Camelot Parishes Office**
With our colour photocopier the Parishes Office can offer high quality colour and black & white copying in A4 & A3, booklet production and laminations. Prices start at 5p for single A4 black & white copies and 15p for single A4 colour copies. Contact the Parishes Secretary on 440432 for more information.
Word Search for Remembrance
Remembrance Day this year has a special significance – it was 80 years ago this June that the D-Day Landings of the Second World War took place.
Those D-Day Landings and the Battle of Normandy led to the liberation of France and Europe. And this year the Normandy region has been celebrating – with events including synchronized fireworks at the major D-Day sites, a giant picnic on Omaha Beach, Liberation balls, bagpipe parades, and international parachuting of hundreds of soldiers above Sainte-Mère-Église.
It has been estimated that between 15 and 20 million people died in Europe alone during the Second World War. Worldwide, an estimated 75 million people died.
| fireworks | SASWNORMANDY |
|-----------|--------------|
| Remembrance | KEGBODSNC |
| Day | SREO |
| Landings | RTNMIRAEHN |
| Second | YAB |
| World | OUIETS |
| War | LIDCWWH |
| Normandy | WHDAEER |
| Liberation | DNAAUI |
| France | ECNARB |
| Europe | MEMERE |
| Picnic | P |
| Beach | RAAEEPEPI |
| Omaha | PIPGAB |
| Bagpipe | IRLSBUER |
| Parades | LDKRP |
| Parachute | FAORIRR |
| Millions | CNKLOP |
| Soldiers | EPMILLIONS |
| died | DOR |
125 years ago, on 2\textsuperscript{nd} November 1899, the Siege of Ladysmith, a British Colony in Natal, South Africa, began during the Second Boer War. The Boers surrounded the town and cut off the rail link, starving the British defenders. A relief party, which included future British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, arrived on 28\textsuperscript{th} February 1900.
CLARE TORDAY
YOGA
YOGA CLASSES
Ditcheat & Galhampton Village Halls
Monday 9.15am Galhampton
Monday 5.30pm Galhampton
Thursday 9.15 Ditcheat
Saturday 9am Ditcheat
Drop in classes £10 per session
07843 079 209
firstname.lastname@example.org
www.somersetyogaspace.com
PILATES ON THE REFORMER
WEST DOWN FARM
CORTON DENHAM
DT9 4LG
CONTACT
email@example.com 07928291192
Brookhampton Paddock Care
Fencing • Topping • Logs • Hedge laying
Weed control • Fruit tree pruning
Nick – 07989 595 453
Words to Remember
(John 16:33)
“We will remember them”
The years of remembering go by,
accumulating name after name
as wars and conflicts continue
in a world, deaf to the lessons of history.
But through the negativity of November
a different remembering
brings hope and meaning.
Words of the world’s Creator,
words to make sense of chaos
and bring order and peace in the end.
“In this world you will have trouble,
but take heart!
I have overcome the world.”
Words of Jesus.
We will remember them.
By Daphne Kitching
Little Alex was staring up at the large brass plaque that hung on the side wall of the church. The plaque was covered with names, and seemed to fascinate the seven-year-old. “All those names,” he said to the minister. “Who are they?”
“Well, they were people who used to go to this church,” explained the minister. “This is a memorial to all the young men and women who died in the services.”
Soberly, they stood together, staring at the large plaque. Little Alex’s voice was barely audible when he finally asked, “Which service, the 9 o’clock, or the 11 o’clock?”
Bible Readings
NOVEMBER
1st - All Saints’ Day
John 11: 32-44
2nd - Luke 14: 1, 7-11
3rd - 4th Sunday before Advent
Hebrews 9: 11-14
4th - Luke 14: 12-14
5th - Luke 14: 15-24
6th - Luke 14: 25-33
7th - Luke 15: 1-10
8th - Luke 16: 1-8
9th - Luke 16: 9-15
10th - 3rd Sunday before Advent
Remembrance Sunday
Hebrews 9: 24-28
11th - Luke 17: 1-6
12th - Luke 17: 7-10
13th - Luke 17: 11-19
14th - Luke 17: 20-25
15th - Luke 17: 26-37
16th - Luke 18: 1-8
17th - 2nd Sunday before Advent
Hebrews 10: 11-25
18th - Luke 18: 35-43
19th - Luke 19: 1-10
20th - Luke 19: 11-28
21st - Luke 19: 41-44
22nd - Luke 19: 45-48
23rd - Luke 20: 27-40
24th - Christ the King
Revelation 1: 4b-8
25th - Luke 21: 1-4
26th - Luke 21: 5-11
27th - Luke 21: 12-19
28th - Luke 21: 20-28
29th - Luke 21: 29-33
30th - Andrew the Apostle
Matthew 4: 18-22
Andrew Knight D.O.
OSTEOPATHY
Keinton Mandeville & Castle Cary
01458 223300; 07889 857289
firstname.lastname@example.org
www.andrew-knight.co.uk
Garden Maintenance
Andy England
email@example.com
07870 368735
01963 548852
22 Rickhayes
Wincanton
Somerset
BA9 9BJ
Tayler Made Therapies
Sophia Tayler MAR, CNHC, CThA
SPECIALISING IN-
• Reflexology
• Facial Reflexology
• Bach Flower Remedies
• Reflexology for babies & Children
• Gentle Release Therapy
www.sophiatayler.com 07714329209
ANDREA MAISTRELLO
Qualified Arborist HNC Arbor- RHS Cert
Phone 01963 441492
Mobile 07981455257
Tree surgery - Planting schemes
Hedge maintenance - Logs - Woodchip
South Somerset and Dorset DC approved contractor
Survey - Inspection - Report
Advice - Planning application
Public and Employer Liability Insurances - Professional Indemnity
STABLE COMPUTERS
Supply of New Computers and Accessories – all set up and ready for you to use...
Broadband and Router Installation...
PC and Internet Problems Solved...
Virus and Spyware Removal...
For all your computing needs telephone
Daren on 01963 441229
A short story from the Bible
The Roman invaders had given the job of collecting their taxes to local Jews who also overcharged, so they were doubly hated.
Matthew had his tax office by Lake Galilee.
Jesus walked past, and said, "Follow me."
Matthew left everything and went with Jesus.
Matthew held a big feast and invited his friends so they could meet Jesus.
They were other tax collectors and bad people.
The Pharisees saw Jesus eating with them.
They grumbled to Jesus' disciples.
"Why is your teacher eating with all those bad people?"
Jesus heard them and said, "Who needs a doctor, healthy people or the sick?"
Try reading 'keeping rules doesn't make up for not having kindness.'
Hosea was talking about people who looked like they were following God's rules but were bad inside.
I have come for the people who need my help.
* Hosea 6:6
Cats at Batcombe
Indoor Boarding Cattery
Our exclusive indoor cattery is located on a working farm in the beautiful 'Vale of Batcombe'. Your cats holiday will be spent in su'purr'b insulated and heated chalets with lots of fusses and cuddles and of course a selection of premium foods.
You can have a sneak peak at our website: www.catsatbatcombe.co.uk.
We do hope you like it!
NOW TAKING BOOKINGS for 2024
Tel:- 01749-850619
Jaquie/John Conway
Curtains, Cushions, Roman Blinds, Window Seats etc, all made to fit your home. Also Clothes Alterations.
Call Ann on 01963 370093
JWD Decorating
• All aspects of decorating
• Interior & exterior
• Professional & friendly service
Call James on 07817 727660
firstname.lastname@example.org
Richard Whitehead - Cabinet Maker
Cabinets, dining suites, kitchens, windows, doors, church furnishings - oak and other hardwoods, pine...
Tailor made to customers’ requirements
Tel: 01963 440858 Mobile: 077940 35070
Email: email@example.com
www.richardwhitehead.me.uk
Oakdene, Long Street, Galhampton, Yeovil, BA22 7AY
Galhampton Village Hall Hire Shack
Planning an event, party or fete...... do you need any additional Gazebos, Tents, a 5kva Generator, Electrical Leads, Lighting Tripods, Garden Lighting, Crockery & Cutlery, all at competitive rates.
All Electrical items PAT compliant.
For full details and rates go to our web site www.galhampton.com
WINCANTON JOINERY
Peter N. O. Tooth – Est 1977
Carpentry and Joinery
Providing affordable, quality workmanship since 1977 for all your property needs.
Standard and made to measure doors and windows
Bespoke fitted kitchen, bedroom & bathroom furniture
Staircases & flooring
Furniture repairs, antique and modern
Landscaping, gates & paddock mowing
All property repairs & maintenance
For a clean, friendly and professional job with no mess and no fuss contact:
Tel: 01963 33662 Mob: 07970 869851 Email: firstname.lastname@example.org
Website: www.wincantonjoinery.com Find us on facebook
Galhampton Country Store
Your local, family-run country store and shop
Gardening • Hardware • Pet Food
Household Supplies • Milk
Follow us on Facebook @GalhamptonCountryStore for our news & offers
Open 7 days a week • Mon-Sat 8am-5.30pm, Sunday 10am-4pm • 01963 440464
Andrew Carswell- AJC Decorators
All aspects of Interior and Exterior Painting & Decorating.
Free estimates
Residential & commercial
Wallpaper specialists
Fully insured
Fully qualified
Contact: 01963 32502/ 07778444967
Email: email@example.com
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You and Your Router
What you absolutely need to know.
All Routers
These must be known before we can setup a router
| Question | Answer |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
| What is its IP address? | |
| What is the user name to login to the router? (Beware of case Sensitivity) | |
| What is the Password to login? (Beware of case Sensitivity) | |
| Is Universal Plug and play turned off? | |
| Is Remote Administration Turned off? | |
Wifi Routers
| Question | Answer |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
| What is the Wifi ssid (Name) | |
| What Encryption Protocol? | |
| What PassPhrase (case sensitive) | |
| Is WPS (Wireless Protection Setup) Disabled? | |
Note:
It is becoming necessary to setup WiFi routers so they can be accessed by phones and small tablets or ebook readers. This requires that you can type the passphrase into your small device. One good way to do this, is to choose two words and then pad them with a numeral and a symbol that is easy to type on your phone. Then repeat both the numeral and the symbol 3-4 times. So, if you chose Happy Times as your two words (notice I capitalized them), and padded them with 6 and /, then you could have "6666Happy////Times" as your passphrase which is both easy to type and pretty secure.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/
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| 2,011
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Le Gala a Elior il premio per l'economia circolare
Rosario Ambrosio a serata Camera di Commercio francese in Italia
Milano, 12 giu. (askanews) - "Abbiamo avuto il piacere di ricevere il premio per l'economia circolare, che è un progetto concreto che abbiamo attuato in Elior per realizzare un sistema circolare con i produttori di alimenti e con i consumatori attraverso dei partner tecnologici. L'obiettivo è quello di circolarizzare l'uso del cibo, quelle che sono le eccedenze udibili le cediamo in donazione, ma stiamo andando oltre attraverso la collaborazione con partner tecnologici anche il recupero di tutto il materiale umido che sarà convertito in materiale che potrà essere destinato alla creazione di cibo per animali o per la fertilizzazione dei campi". Lo ha detto Rosario Ambrosio Ad di Elior Italia, a margine di Le Gala, la serata per l'assegnazione dei 7 trofei CRS a sette eccellenti progetti del mondo industriale della Camera di Commercio francese in Italia.
Contro il cancro c'è una nuova terapia
TV NEWS
Microsoft svela la nuova Xbox, al lancio c'è anche Keanu Reeves
SPORT
Di Folco brilla in Belgio
MODA
Ai Musei Capitolini Gucci e l'omaggio a Roma con Elton John
MULTIMEDIA
"Ufology World", l'invasione spaziale tra stand e convegni con gli esperti
La vendetta della Cipriani. Così fa a pezzi la Vignali
| Titolo | Immagine |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------|
| Martina vince il Grande Fratello di Francesca De Andrè | |
| Marco Carta vuota il sacco dalla d'Urso: "Non sono un ladro" | |
| La De André si lascia andare. Fuoco e fiamme a letto con Gennaro | |
| Terapia chetogenica contro l'obesità | |
| Il gesto del principe Louis. Così ruba la scena alla famiglia reale | |
| Wanda Nara, raffica d'insulti. Perché questa foto nuda è un disastro | |
| Aidi, bomba atomica. Ecco per chi è impazzito Verratti | |
| Belen senza mutande: su Instagram l'ultima foto è nuda | |
| "Denunciato chi non indagò su Renzi" | |
Meghan riappare così. Alla parata per la Regina con Harry e Kate
Jambo, il nuovo tormentone targato Takagi - Ketra e Giusy Ferreri
Francesca De André umilia tutti. E Taylor Mega risponde così
VIDEO
"So che ti piace...". Imperdonabile gaffe dello youtuber con la d'Urso
"Magari muori", il tormentone estivo fa morire dal ridere
[VIDEO]
IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana
La ricerca migliora la vita. Ci puoi mettere la firma.
C.F. 10636891003
Opinioni >
| "Appello a Di Maio: lascia almeno la poltrona del Mise" | di Carlantonio Solimene |
|--------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------|
| "Vent'anni di Inzaghi a tutta Lazio" | di Luigi Salomone |
| "C'era na vòrta a Roma" | di Gianluca Dodero |
| "Il silenzio di Sarah. Per Daniele" | di Katia Perrini |
| "Isolati e senza linea. In politica estera non contiamo nulla" | di Luigi Bisignani |
Sede legale: Piazza Colonna, 366 – 00187 Roma; CF e P. Iva e Iscriz. Registro Imprese Roma: 13486391009 REA Roma n° 1450962 Cap. Sociale € 1000.000 I.v.
© Copyright IlTempo. Srl- ISSN (sito web): 1721-4084
Powered by Miles 33
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Ministerio de Interior y Policía
“Año del desarrollo Agroforestal”
DEPARTAMENTO DE COMPRAS Y CONTRATACIONES
Documento Base del Proceso de Adquisición de Bienes y/o Servicios por
COMPRA MENOR CUANTIA
ADQUISICIÓN DE ARTÍCULOS PARA EL OPERATIVO DE SEMANA SANTA 2017.
1. Objetivos
Constituye el objeto de la presente convocatoria el Adquisición de Artículos para el Operativo de Semana Santa 2017, de acuerdo con las condiciones fijadas en el presente Documento Base para el proceso de Compra Menor Cuantía, Referencia No. MIP-DAF-CM.-2017-0007
2. Modelo de Oferta Económica y Especificaciones Técnicas:
Ver descripción de los bienes y servicios en el Formulario de Oferta Económica SNCC.F.033 anexo, para presentar oferta.
3. Documentación a Presentar:
3.1 Documentos de presentación de ofertas:
1) Formulario de Presentación de Oferta Económica (SNCC.F.033).
2) Registro de Proveedores del Estado (RPE) dentro del rubro: textiles de los lotes a los que se aplica.
3.2 Documentos en caso de adjudicación:
• Evidencia de pago de sus impuestos al día.
• Los pagos serán realizados vía transferencia, por lo que el/los oferente/s que resulte/n adjudicatario /s del presente proceso deberá/n contar con su Registro de Beneficiario.
4. Condiciones Elementales y Datos de Entidad Contratante:
4.1 Presentación de ofertas:
• **Ofertas**: Deben ser entregadas en el Departamento de Compras, dentro del periodo indicado en el Cronograma del punto No. 5 de este documento, en sobre cerrado e identificado con los datos que se indican en la Invitación a Presentar Ofertas de este proceso (anexo 1, 4to párrafo).
• La cotización debe presentarse con carácter obligatorio por Ley, en el Formulario de Oferta Económica SNCC.F.033 correspondiente a este proceso (anexo 2), el cual incluye la descripción y cantidad de cada bien y/o servicio ofertado, y en él deben establecerse las siguientes condiciones:
✓ Estar debidamente firmado y sellado en cada página.
✓ Especificar la disponibilidad de crédito.
✓ Se presentarán las Ofertas en moneda nacional (Pesos Dominicanos, RD$), según el Artículo 77 del Reglamento de Compras y Contrataciones aprobado mediante Decreto No. 543-12 de fecha seis (6) de septiembre del 2012.
Los Oferentes/Proponentes deberán estar inscritos en el Registro de Proveedores del Estado administrado por la Dirección General de Contrataciones Públicas (DGCP).
Las ofertas que no cumplan con las especificaciones y condiciones serán descartadas sin más trámite.
4.2 Datos de la Entidad Contratante: Para cualquier consulta, aclaración y/o entrega de ofertas en físico conforme al Cronograma de Actividades, los datos de contacto son los siguientes:
- Técnico Encargado: Frammely Ivette Lara Jiménez
- Departamento: Compras y Contrataciones
- Entidad Contratante: MINISTERIO DE INTERIOR Y POLICIA
- Dirección: Av. México Esq. Leopoldo Navarro Edificio de Oficinas Gubernamentales Juan Pablo Duarte 3er. Nivel Gazcue, Sto. Dgo., D.N., R. D.
- Teléfono Oficina: 809 686-6251 Ext. 3313
- E-mail de consultas: firstname.lastname@example.org
5. Cronograma de Actividades:
| Cronograma del Proceso de Selección | Fechas |
|-------------------------------------|--------|
| Publicación en los portales e invitación a los oferentes | 06 de abril de 2017 |
| Fecha límite de Recepción de Ofertas y Apertura de sobres | 10 de abril de 2017 hasta las 04:00 pm |
| Evaluación y Adjudicación | 10 de abril de 2017 |
6. Evaluación, Adjudicación y Entrega de Bienes y/o Servicios:
6.1 Criterios de Evaluación Técnica:
Que los Bienes y servicios cumplan con todas las características especificadas en el Formulario de Oferta Económica SNCC.F.033, las cuales serán verificadas bajo la modalidad "CUMPLE/ NO CUMPLE".
6.2 Adjudicación:
La Adjudicación será decidida a favor del Oferente/Proponente cuya propuesta cumpla con las especificaciones técnicas anexas y sea calificada como la más conveniente para los intereses institucionales, teniendo en cuenta el precio, la calidad, y las demás condiciones que se establecen en el Documento Base del Proceso de Referencia. El Ministerio de Interior y Policía notificará el resultado dentro de un plazo de cinco (5) días hábiles a partir de la expedición del acto administrativo de adjudicación.
El Ministerio de Interior y Policía, remitirá al oferente que resulte adjudicatario, la propuesta de arte requerida, así como el contenido correspondiente a los textos o frases que deberán contener los diferentes artículos a ser suplidos. Una vez remitidos los referidos textos, el adjudicatario deberá confeccionar el arte final con el que será presentado el artículo y remitirlo a este Ministerio a los fines de aprobación o modificación del mismo.
6.3 Requisitos de Entrega de los Bienes o Servicios a cotizar:
- Entrega 24 horas después de la aprobación el arte.
- Lugar de entrega de bienes: Av. México Esq. Leopoldo Navarro Edificio de Oficinas Gubernamentales Juan Pablo Duarte Departamento de Suministro, 3er. Nivel. Gazcue, Sto. Dgo., D.N., R. D.
- Es requerido notificar al Departamento de Compras y Contrataciones el momento específico de la entrega de los bienes y/o servicios adjudicados para la coordinación de la recepción en conjunto con los Requirentes y Suministro a fines de gestión de la entrada de Almacén y pago.
6.4 Condiciones de Pago:
- Sobre la elaboración de facturas: La/s factura/s correspondiente/s deberá/n elaborarse con el desglose exacto de los ítems contratados conforme se detallará en la orden de compra a emitir. En caso contrario, se requerirá la corrección de la/s misma/s.
- Crédito a 30 días contados a partir de la Entrada de Almacén o Certificación de Recibido Conforme de la entrega total. Las condiciones de crédito deben especificarse en el Formulario SNCC.F.033.
- El pago será realizado vía transferencia, por lo que el/los oferente/s que resulte/n adjudicatario /s del presente proceso deberá/n contar con su Registro de Beneficiario).
- **Fuente de Recursos.** El Ministerio de Interior y Policía, de conformidad con el Artículo 32 del Reglamento 543-12 sobre Compras y Contrataciones Públicas de Bienes, Servicios y Obras, ha tomado las medidas previsoras necesarias a los fines de garantizar la apropiación de fondos correspondiente, dentro del Presupuesto del año (2017), que sustentará el pago de todos los bienes y/o servicios adjudicados mediante este proceso.
---
Licda. Greisy Hernández
Encargada del Departamento de Compras y Contrataciones
Anexos:
1) Invitación a presentar ofertas SNCC.D.014 – MIP-DAF-CM-2017-0007
2) Formulario de Oferta Económica SNCC.F.033 – MIP-DAF-CM-2017-0007
Estimado Señores:
El Ministerio de Interior y Policía, les invita a participar al procedimiento de Compra Menor, referencia No. MIP-DAF-CM-2017-0007, a los fines de presentar su mejor Oferta para Adquisición de Artículos Para el Operativo Semana Santa 2017.
La adjudicación se hará a favor del Oferente que presente la mejor propuesta y que cumpla con las especificaciones técnicas anexas y sea calificada como la Oferta que más convenga a la satisfacción del interés general y el cumplimiento de los fines y cometidos de la administración conforme a la calidad y precio.
La presente invitación se hace de conformidad con los Artículos Nos. 16 y 17 de la Ley No. 340-06 de fecha Dieciocho (18) de Agosto del Dos Mil Seis (2006) sobre Compras y Contrataciones de Bienes, Servicios, Obras y Concesiones y su posterior modificación contenida en la Ley No. 449-06 de fecha Seis (6) de Diciembre del Dos Mil Seis (2006).
La fecha límite para presentar su Oferta será el 10 de abril del 2017 hasta las 04:00 pm. El Oferente deberá entregar o enviar su Oferta por correo electrónico o físicamente, debidamente identificadas.
EL MINISTERIO DE INTERIOR Y POLICIA, notificará dentro de un plazo de cinco (5) día hábil a partir de la expedición del acto administrativo de adjudicación.
Para cualquier consulta o aclaración, conforme a las actividades del Procedimiento de Referencia, los datos de contacto son los siguientes:
Nombre: Frammely Ivette Lara Jiménez
Departamento: Compras y Contrataciones
Nombre de la Entidad Contratante: Ministerio de Interior y Policía
Dirección: Av. México Esq. Leopoldo Navarro, Edificio de Oficinas Gubernamentales Juan Pablo Duarte
Teléfono: 809-686-6251 Ext. 3313
E-mail: email@example.com
Licda. Gresy G. Hernandez
Encargada del Departamento de Compras
ANEXO: Pliego de Condiciones Específicas, Especificaciones Técnicas y cualquier otra documentación que amerite el procedimiento de selección para que el Oferente pueda preparar su Oferta.
Ministerio de Interior y policía
CERTIFICACIÓN DE EXISTENCIA DE FONDOS
DIRECCIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA Y FINANCIERA.
REQUERIMIENTO: Departamento de compras
FECHA: 05 DE ABRIL DEL 2017
Yo, LICDA. YOVANI GALARZA, en mi calidad de Directora Administrativa-Financiera de este Ministerio de Interior y Policía,
CERTIFICO:
Que esta Dirección Administrativa-Financiera cuenta con la debida apropiación de fondos dentro del presupuesto del año 2017, y hace la reserva de la cuota de compromiso para la adquisición que se especifica a continuación:
ADQUISICIÓN DE ARTÍCULOS PARA OPERATIVO SEMANA SANTA SEGURA 2017.
PRESUPUESTO: Quinientos Seis Mil pesos Dominicanos con 00/100 centavos (506,00,00).
En ese sentido y en base al presupuesto aprobado el Procedimiento de Selección a utilizar para esta compra o contratación es Compra Menor.
Y para que conste, firmo la presente certificación,
Licda. Yovani Galarza
Directora Administrativa-Financiera
DISTRIBUCIÓN Y COPIAS
Original 1 – Expediente de Compras
Copia 1 – Agregar Destino
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MARRIAGE PREPARATION PROCESS
The following process is for an engaged couple who attend any campus of Beulah Alliance Church and want to be married by a Beulah Pastor at the West Campus, Southwest Campus, or an offsite location. In the instance where a couple who attends a Beulah Campus wishes to be married by a visiting pastor, the couple will be directed to the Congregational Care Pastor.
A couple may approach a Beulah Pastor directly to officiate a wedding that is not being done through Beulah and is offsite. Agreement and marriage preparation requirements are at the discretion of that Pastor. However, many pastors will refer a couple to our church marriage preparation process.
PLEASE NOTE: We require a minimum six-month preparation period for your wedding.
STARTING POINT
Fill out the online application form which can be found at https://beulah.ca/weddings/ The marriage preparation process and tentative booking of your wedding date cannot begin until we receive your application form.
After you complete the required application, we will tentatively book your wedding date or inform you if there is a booking conflict. An initial pastoral marriage preparation session will be set up with our Congregational Care Pastor after which we can officially confirm your wedding.
All couples being married onsite at a Beulah Campus by a Beulah Pastor are required to complete our Marriage Preparation Process. This includes the above-mentioned initial session with the Congregational Care Pastor, attendance at a Marriage Preparation Course, and four sessions with a marriage mentor couple. Alternative marriage preparation arrangements are possible where necessary. The marriage preparation process will be fully explained to you at the initial session with the Congregational Care Pastor.
At the time of your initial pastoral marriage preparation session, you will discuss arrangements for a Pastor to officiate your wedding, including requests you may have for a particular pastor.
The Congregational Care Pastor will confirm your officiating Pastor and you will meet with them several months before your wedding to plan your service.
PLEASE NOTE: Any changes must be brought to the attention of the Congregational Care Pastor.
We look forward to working with you and getting to know you better. Please address all questions or concerns to email@example.com. Thank you and have fun planning your special day!
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WEDDING HANDBOOK
BEULAH ALLIANCE CHURCH MARRIAGE POLICY
It is our desire that your marriage be a lasting and fulfilling relationship, and that it be all that God intended it to be. God created man and woman and from the beginning, He intended that they be joined in marriage so they could live in community and reflect the closeness of the Trinity to the world. Since God designed the marriage relationship, it makes sense that He knows best how to build a successful relationship. We want to partner with you to help in one of the most important decisions you will make in your life. We are pleased that you are considering Beulah to share this special moment and we are committed to helping you make a strong marriage rather than simply performing a ceremony.
In scripture, God has given us basic principles which must be understood and applied if we hope to experience joy and fulfillment in marriage. Ignoring these principles will result in frustration and possible failure in the marriage relationship. It is also vitally important to us as Beulah Alliance Church that we honour God and His ways in carrying out the joyful and solemn responsibility of joining a couple in the holy covenant of marriage.
Our pastors are fully committed to honouring God and building strong marriages. We ask that you enter into an agreement with us to live out certain commitments before your marriage which is detailed in the Marriage Preparation Agreement that will be discussed in the initial pastoral session. Our purpose is to honour God's principles for marriage and to be sure there are no hindrances to a great start in marriage. Your relationship as a couple may involve unique circumstances which you can discuss with the Care Ministries Pastor.
God established marriage as a covenant or agreement between a man and woman and Himself that would endure a lifetime because of His grace. We encourage couples to be willing to prepare for their marriage carefully. We recommend a minimum six-month preparation period and require a couple to participate in our Marriage Preparation Program. This includes an initial pastoral session, attendance at a Marriage Preparation Course and four mentoring sessions with a mature married couple (comparable substitutes would be considered). Couples will be asked to enter into an agreement with the church regarding this process and the guiding policy in the next few pages.
VALUES: The following Biblical values regarding marriage will be upheld in the Marriage Preparation Program:
* God holds a marriage and sexual purity in high regard.
Marriage should be honored by all, and the marriage bed kept pure, for God will judge the adulterer and all the sexually immoral.
Hebrews 13:4
* Marriage is to be an exclusive lifelong union of one man and one woman which becomes a visible expression of a spiritual reality.
For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh. This is a profound mystery—but I am talking about Christ and the church. Ephesians 5:31-32
780-486-4010 | firstname.lastname@example.org
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WEDDING HANDBOOK
- Christ models the kind of love that marriage is meant to represent. We are to model sacrificial love in our relationship after the way Christ loves the Church.
Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands as you do to the Lord. Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her.
Ephesians 5:22,25
- Marriage is not a contract but a lasting covenant.
…"the Creator 'made them male and female,' and said, 'For this reason, a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh' So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore, what God has joined together, let no one separate."
Matthew 19:4-6
- Marriage was created so that deep community could be achieved.
The LORD God said, "It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him."
Genesis 2:18
- Even though marriage is a vitally important relationship, our relationship with God and love for Him must come first.
"The most important commandment is this: 'Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one. Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength."
Mark 12:29-30
We require that there be relational and spiritual harmony when entering a marriage. God cautions that a couple must be unified in their spiritual perspective. Over time, two incompatible values and belief systems will ultimately end in conflict.
Don't team up with those who are unbelievers. How can righteousness be a partner with wickedness? How can light live with darkness?
2 Corinthians 6:14
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WEDDING HANDBOOK
We will consider marrying a couple who are not part of Beulah's faith community but ask that they comply with our Marriage Preparation Agreement in discussion with our Congregational Care Pastor. We believe sexual intimacy is reserved for marriage as a safeguard to purity and to give an engaged couple the opportunity to build strong foundational relationships built on honouring God and one another. God calls the everyday person to sexual purity, outside and within marriage.
Give honor to marriage, and remain faithful to one another in marriage. God will surely judge people who are immoral and those who commit adultery.
Hebrews 13:4
There are many reasons for this:
- It weakens the commitment to the marriage vow.
- It increases the probability of divorce. (Stephen Nock in Divorce and the Division of Labour cites evidence that common-law couples who lived together prior to marriage divorced 6-times more frequently than those who did not.)
- It increases the guilt in one or both parties, which can lead to some major problems later.
- It is disobedience to God's will. (1 Thessalonians 4:3-8)
Therefore, we will request couples, if they are followers of Jesus, to abstain from sexual relations until after the wedding. Couples living together will likely be requested to separate until the wedding unless children or other extenuating circumstances are involved. Please discuss this further with the Congregational Care Pastor if necessary.
Divorce: Marriage is a sacred covenant in God's eyes, and we want to hold it sacred. Therefore, we view divorce as:
- Breaking of a covenant.
"For I hate divorce!" says the LORD, the God of Israel. "To divorce your wife is to overwhelm her with cruelty, says the LORD of Heaven's Armies. "So guard your heart; do not be unfaithful to your wife." Malachi 2:16
- Departure from God's Purpose
Jesus replied, "Moses permitted divorce only as a concession to your hard hearts, but it was not what God had originally intended." Matthew 19:8
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WEDDING HANDBOOK
* Divine concession to human weakness is permitted only in cases of adultery or habitual immorality and if a partner abandons the marriage due to spiritual disunity or unbelief.
Jesus replied, "Moses permitted divorce only as a concession to your hard hearts, but it was not what God had originally intended." Matthew 19:8
* Forbidden in the case of divorcing your partner so that you can simply marry another person.
He told them, "Whoever divorces his wife and marries someone else commits adultery against her. And if a woman divorces her husband and marries someone else, she commits adultery.
Mark 10:11-12
* Divorce is to be considered only after every effort has been made to reconcile through counselling or support. (1 Corinthians 7)
Remarriage: Due to the brokenness of our world and the results of sin, even in the marriage relationship, there are cases where the remarriage of divorced people is permitted, as instructed by the pages of Scripture.
This includes the following scenarios:
* When your former spouse is deceased.
For example, by law, a married woman is bound to her husband as long as he is alive, but if her husband dies, she is released from the law that binds her to him.
Romans 7:2
A woman is bound to her husband as long as he lives. But if her husband dies; she is free to marry anyone she wishes, but he must belong to the Lord.
1 Corinthians 7:39
* When sexual unfaithfulness by the spouse has occurred (Matthew 19:3-9)
..."Haven't you read the Scriptures?", Jesus replied. "They record that from the beginning 'God made them male and female." And he said, "This explains why a man leaves his father and mother and is joined to his wife, and the two are united into one. Since they are no longer two but one, let one split apart what God has joined together."
Jesus replied, "Moses permitted divorce only as a concession to your hard hearts, but it was not what God had originally intended. And I tell you this, whoever divorces his wife and marries someone else commits adultery – unless his wife has been unfaithful."
Matthew 19:3-9
* When the spouse has remarried.
* When the unbelieving spouse deserts the marriage.
But if the husband or wife who isn't a believer insists on leaving, let them go. In such cases, the believing husband or wife is no longer bound to the other, for God has called you to live in peace.
1 Corinthians 7:15
6 In the event that a Beulah pastor has refused to perform the ceremony, due to reservations on the couple's readiness or concerns regarding the relationship, no other Beulah pastor will perform the ceremony.
7 We believe in the solemnity and sacredness of the ceremony and refuse to perform the ceremony if either person displays signs of intoxication, before or during the rehearsal and/or wedding ceremony. Any member of the wedding party who is under the influence of alcohol or drugs will not be permitted to participate in the wedding. There are to be no alcoholic beverages or smoking in the church building at any time.
FACILITY INFORMATION
Beulah is one church in multiple locations. We have three physical locations: West Campus, Southwest Campus, and Faro de Luz/Bonnie Doon Campus. To assist you in making your wedding day one that will be filled with wonderful and lasting memories, please read through the following.
Rental Fees
All fees are due 30 days prior to the wedding date. Fees include the use of the facility, a room designated for the bridal party, and room set-ups. Please see the rental fees on the following pages.
Damage Deposit
A damage deposit of $200 is payable upon signing the contract. The damage deposit will be refunded 2-4 weeks after your wedding provided that no damage has occurred to the building or the equipment, you have vacated the premises within the agreed-upon time, and that the space was left clean. An inspection will be done after the ceremony, with any damage being reported at that time. The $200 Damage Deposit is refundable in the event that your wedding ceremony is cancelled.
Sound & Lighting
Lighting, sound equipment, and a lighting/audio technician are exclusively provided by Beulah for weddings at a Beulah Campus. This is included in the rental fee. Although this is typically sufficient there will be an additional charge if an additional technician is needed. You can discuss your needs with your designated Administrative Wedding Specialist.
Music & Musicians
The responsibility for providing music or musicians for the wedding ceremony rests with the Bridal couple. Please notify your designated Administrative Wedding Specialist of any music you wish to have during your ceremony, whether it is digital, or you have musicians, to arrange the tech needs.
Receptions
Receptions are not available for booking at any campuses.
Bridal Rooms
The Bridal room is available one hour before the ceremony. It is recommended that the men arrive completely dressed and ready for the ceremony; however, a Grooms Room can be provided if requested.
Decorations
Decoration setup can be done on the rehearsal day during office hours. Or, during the rehearsal. Please consider that the stage will be cleared one hour prior to rehearsal. Coordinate these details with the Administrative Wedding Specialist.
Honorarium for Officiating Pastor
Honorariums should be given directly to the pastor immediately following the ceremony. The recommended honorarium amount for the wedding service is $200. If the pastor also did premarital counselling with you, then the amount should reflect the time and counselling provided.
Guest Pastors
Beulah welcomes guest pastors to officiate if they are credentialed to perform weddings by a mainstream evangelical Christian denomination and have current clergy status and a clergy registration number for Alberta or have a temporary permit to perform a wedding in Alberta if they are licenced in another province. In addition, they must agree with Beulah's Marriage Policy. Approval for a guest pastor to perform the wedding must come from the Congregational Care Pastor.
Rental Fee: $450
Capacity: 160 Guests
Features: The Chapel has double doors at the front and a double door at the side/back. It is furnished by rows of padded interlocking chairs, a full sound system, a projector, a drum set, and a piano.
Availability: Wedding ceremonies can be booked at your discretion within the time frame of 10 am–2 pm for Saturday weddings. The latest start time for ceremonies is 1 pm, and the church must be vacated by 2 pm, to accommodate weekend services.
These times are inclusive of the areas inside the church only. You may have a receiving line, visit with your guests, or take pictures outside on the church grounds prior to and after these times. All guests, family, and those involved in the wedding party MUST be out of the Chapel by the end of the time frame availability.
Restrictions: We cannot accommodate wedding bookings for the first two weekends that follow the September Labour Day long weekend.
The church is closed on statutory holidays (i.e., Good Friday, Canada Day, Remembrance Day, Christmas Day, New Year's Day, etc.). We cannot accommodate your wedding or rehearsal on these days.
Rehearsals: Wedding rehearsals are typically booked for about an hour between 5:00 and 7:00 pm on the Friday before a Saturday wedding, subject to Chapel availability. You will need to confirm the rehearsal time with your designated Administrative Wedding Specialist. The bridal party, officiating pastor, and all technicians should be present.
PLEASE NOTE: Beulah Alliance Church operates first and foremost as a church; therefore, priority is given to the ministry of the church. That being said, we will do our best to work with you and accommodate your requests.
SOUTHWEST CAMPUS | AUDITORIUM
5055 Chappelle Road SW | Edmonton, AB | T6W 4H7
Rental Fee:
$500
Capacity: 350 Guests
Features: Beulah's Southwest Campus Auditorium has two sets of double doors at the back with two aisles on either side of the centre section. It is furnished by rows of padded interlocking chairs, a full sound system, a projector, a drum set, and a piano.
Availability:
To Be Determined
Restrictions: We cannot accommodate wedding bookings on the first two weekends that follow the September Labour Day long weekend.
The church is closed on statutory holidays (i.e. New Year's Day, Good Friday, Canada Day, Remembrance Day, Christmas Day, etc.). We cannot accommodate your wedding or rehearsal on these days).
The stage set design cannot be guaranteed until 2-3 weeks before your wedding.
Rehearsals: Wedding rehearsals are typically booked for about an hour between 5:00 and 7:00 pm on the Friday before a Saturday wedding, subject to Chapel availability. You will need to confirm the rehearsal time with your designated Administrative Wedding Specialist. The bridal party, officiating pastor, and all technicians should be present.
PLEASE NOTE: Beulah Alliance Church operates first and foremost as a church; therefore, priority is given to the ministry of the church. That being said, we will do our best to work with you and accommodate your requests.
SOUTHWEST CAMPUS | AUDITORIUM
5055 Chappelle Road SW | Edmonton, AB | T6W 4H7
SOUTHWEST CAMPUS | AUDITORIUM
5055 Chappelle Road SW | Edmonton, AB | T6W 4H7
Optional: Please return this page to email@example.com after your Wedding
We would like your feedback concerning your wedding experience at Beulah Alliance Church. Your feedback will help to continue our Ministry so that it will serve future brides and grooms in a Christ-honouring way.
Please give us any feedback you would like concerning the following:
1. Marriage Preparation Program
a. Course (Saving Your Marriage Before It Starts OR Ready or Knot?)
______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
a. Pastoral Session (an initial session with Congregational Care Pastor.
______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
a. Mentoring (with mentor couple or pastor)
______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
2. The Officiating Pastor
______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
3. The Facility
______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
APPLYING FOR YOUR MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE
Right after your wedding we will take your completed Marriage License and mail it to Service Alberta for your marriage to be registered. You or a family member will receive a photocopy of the completed Marriage License on your wedding day. Please note: that this photocopy is not an official or legal document.
The document you will need to make the legal name changes is a Marriage Certificate. We recommend you wait one week after your wedding date to allow time for Service Alberta to receive your completed Marriage License from us and register your marriage. You apply for your Marriage Certificate through any Registry Office. You need to decide if you want a walletsized certificate or a framing size. A Marriage Certificate is a required document that you need.
The Application for Marriage Documents (PDF, 3 pages) can be filled out before you go to the Registry Office. They will also have the application there.
- Only one of you needs to go to the Registry Office to apply.
- You will need your photo ID.
- It takes 3-5 business days to receive your Marriage Certificate in the mail.
If you are in a rush to get your marriage certificate you may be able to apply at any Registry Office before 11:30 am and pick up your certificate at a downtown Service Alberta office the same day (the Registry Office can give you the address for pick up) or if it is after 11:30 am you can pick it up the next day.
New Building Protocols
PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE GUIDELINES:
- Any person experiencing any signs of illness including cough, fever, shortness of breath, runny nose, or sore throat, is asked to stay at home.
- As of March 09, 2022, the City of Edmonton has repealed the mask bylaw. Masks will not be required on any of our campuses.
FAMILY HOST:
We suggest that families designate a Family Host or take on these responsibilities themselves, to be the liaison before, and during, the day of the rehearsal and wedding, to help in the following areas:
- Prepare all audio/visual presentations on a memory stick and bring it to the rehearsal;
o Set up a guest table with family items, flowers, additional masks for guests, etc;
- On the day of the wedding:
o Consider bringing hand sanitizer or wipes for the table if a pen is to be supplied with a guest book.
o Be available to Beulah staff when needed.
o Set up the front of the Chapel/Auditorium with flowers, etc.
o Work with the Officiating Pastor who can answer questions about logistics.
Consider providing these details to your wedding guests to help prepare them for arrival:
West Campus Building Access Instructions.
- Please park in the east parking lot behind the building.
- Beulah's exterior doors are always locked.
- The wedding will take place in The Chapel.
- An usher will be at the Youth Centre exterior doors to greet you.
- Access is only through the Youth Centre Lobby exterior doors, which are to the right as you face the building.
- There are washrooms near the Kitchen.
Thank you for your cooperation and we look forward to hosting this celebration!
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Minister of Home Affairs Asaduzzaman Khan Ministry of Home Affairs Bangladesh Secretariat, Building – 8 Dhaka Bangladesh
Dear Home Minister
Nearly 18 months have passed since Xulhaz Mannan and his friend were hacked to death when machete-wielding attackers stormed his home. Even though there are witnesses and ample evidence, the police investigation has stalled and Xulhaz's killers have not been held accountable.
The failure to hold anyone accountable for Xulhaz's murder has created a climate of fear among human rights defenders, including LGBTIQ activists. They are not able to express themselves freely, live their lives in the way they wish to, fearful that they will also come under attack and that the government will do nothing when that happens.
I call on you to ensure that this murder is not forgotten and that justice is served without further delay.
Yours sincerely
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
Minister of Home Affairs Asaduzzaman Khan Ministry of Home Affairs Bangladesh Secretariat, Building – 8 Dhaka Bangladesh
Vážený pán minister vnútra,
Ubehlo takmer 18 mesiacov, odkedy boli Xulhaz Mannan a jeho známy brutálne zavraždení útočníkmi, ktorí vtrhli do jeho bytu ozbrojení mačetami. Napriek výpovediam svedkov a dostatku dôkazov, bolo policajné vyšetrovanie pozastavené a Xulhazovi vrahovia zostávajú nepotrestaní.
Táto skutočnosť vytvorila atmosféru strachu medzi obrancami a obrankyňami ľudských práv, vrátane LGBTIQ aktivistov a aktivistiek. Nie sú schopní slobodne sa vyjadrovať a žiť svoje životy tak ako by chceli, zo strachu, že aj oni sa stanú obeťami podobného útoku a že keď k tomu dôjde vláda nepohne prstom.
Žiadam Vás, aby ste sa uistili, že sa na túto vraždu nezabudne a že spravodlivosti bude bezodkladne učinené zadosť.
S úctou
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Aktuelle Information PSV-AH/Oldies
Termine 2. Vierteljahr 2020 (vorläufig)
1. Oldie-Stammtisch:
- Jeden 1. Donnerstag im Monat – Beginn generell 20.30
2. Termine Info-Treffs:
09.04. - 07.05. - 04.06. (02.07.2020)
3. Veranstaltungskalender:
09.04.2020:
Stockschießen PSV-Platz 18.30 bis 20.15 Uhr (wegen Info-Treff)
(Donnerstag)
Organisator: Helmut Wuntsch, Tel. 08231/32312
Generell für alle Stockschießtermine (Eis und Asphalt)
19.04.2020:
Schafkopffrühschoppen in der PSV-Gaststätte 10.00 – 12.30
(Sonntag)
Organisator: Helmut Krisch, Tel. 96626
Generell für alle Schafkopftermine!
26.04.2020:
Müllberg-"Besteigung" (55 Höhenmeter) mit Frauen mit
(Sonntag)
unserem Wanderführer Walter
Treffpunkt: 10.30 – Gaststätte „Der neue Hubertushof",
Hubertusplatz 2, 86169 Augsburg – Firnhaberau
Ausgangspunkt und Ziel unserer Wanderung (Dauer ca. 1 ½ Stunden Hin- und Rückweg)
Anschließend gemeinsames Mittagessen um ca. 12.30 im Hubertushof
Unser Ziel ist auch gut mit dem Auto zu erreichen!
Organisator: Walter Klopfer, Tel. 711747
01.05.2020:
Maifest im Bremhof in Haunstetten mit Frauen
(Freitag)
Treffpunkt: 13.30 im Bremhof, 86179 Augsburg - Haunstetten,
Krankenhausstr. 8
Organisator: Hans Wengenmeir, Tel. 812880
07.05.2020:
Stockschießen PSV-Platz 18.30 bis 20.15 Uhr (wegen Info-Treff)
(Donnerstag)
17.05.2020:
Schafkopffrühschoppen in der PSV-Gaststätte 10.00 – 12.30
(Sonntag)
21.05.2020:
Vatertagsausflug mit dem Fahrrad
(Donnerstag)
Treffpunkt: 10.00 PSV-Gaststätte
Fahrtroute: Stadtbergen – Steppach – Sandberg – Vogelsang -
Diedorf–Hausen–Deubach (ca. 18 km – reine Fahrtzeit ca. 1 1/ 2 Std.)
Ziel: Dorffest in Deubach
Rückweg: Einkehr Stadtfest Stadtbergen (Bierzelt)
Organisator: Walter Klopfer Tel. 711747
04.06.2020:
Stockschießen PSV-Platz 18. 30 – 20.15 (wegen Info-Treff)
(Donnerstag)
(Sonntag)
(Freitag)
(Samstag)
12.06.2020:
Spargelessen in Losingers Hofschänke mit Frauen
(Freitag)
Radegundisstr. 22, 86316 Friedberg-Wulfertshausen
Beginn: 18.30
Organisator: Helmut Krisch, Tel. 96626
14.06.2020:
Schafkopffrühschoppen in der PSV-Gaststätte 10.00 – 12.30
26.06.2020:
Stockschützenturnier des TSV Oberottmarshausen
Sportgelände – 1 Mannschaft
Anmeldung: 17.30 Beginn: 18.00
Organisator: Helmut Wuntsch, Tel. 08231/32312
27.06.2020:
Fußballgolf im Soccer-Park Rehling/Scherneck
Treffpunkt: 10.30 in Rehling
Anschließend gemeinsames Mittagessen und Siegerehrung.
Organisator: Harald Jaufmann, Tel. 92681
Anmeldeschluss spätestens 2 Wochen vor der jeweiligen Veranstaltung! Änderungen vorbehalten infolge des Coronavirus!!!
Nähere Einzelheiten und Informationen bei unseren monatlichen Info-Treffs.
Viel Spaß bei unseren gemeinsamen Aktivitäten wünscht euch
Helmut Krisch
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MEGHALAYA LOKAYUKTA
NO.MEGHLOK.17/Rcr/2021-22/Pt/2 Dated 28th Feb, 2024.
NOTICE
This is for general information that the following candidates for the post of Driver have been shortlisted to attend the Driving test on the 16th March, 2024, from 9:45 A.M.
| Roll.Nos | 0040 | 0051 | 0125 | 0206 | 0207 | 0253 |
|----------|------|------|------|------|------|------|
| | 0414 | 0548 | 0561 | 0795 |
The selected candidates are instructed to report to the o/o Meghalaya Lokayukta, Behind Additional Secretariat, along with their driving License, half an hour before the test and also are requested to download their Admit Card from the website https://megrecruitment.nic.in
Dr.T.S.R. Marak, MCS,
Deputy Secretary,
Meghalaya Lokayukta
NO.MEGHLOK.17/Rcr/2021-22/Pt/2-A Dated 28th Feb, 2024.
Copy to:
1. The Director of Information & Public Relation, Meghalaya, Shillong, with a request to publish the above notice in three local newspaper (English, Khasi & Garo), for wide circulation for 2 consecutive days.
2. The SIO/DDG, NIC, with a request to kindly get the above notice hosted in the website.
Deputy Secretary,
Meghalaya Lokayukta
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AN INVENTORY OF TREES FOR WHICH REACH PARISH COUNCIL IS RESPONSIBLE
Swaffham Road 26/11/2021
Page 1
Page 2
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"My child has been well looked after at home until now and now I want to support it for day care or school! Unfortunately, my knowledge of German is not yet certain and I am looking for a daycare place that I cannot find".
If this is the case, we invite you to our language mini club.
Here the children should learn to let go and meet other children in small steps. The offer in German language is conscious, in order to take up the ability of the children to learn a language simply by playful elements.
The available language skills of the accompanying forces on site make it easier for everyone involved in the game to jump between languages and to achieve good communication in difficult situations.
We paint, play, do handicrafts, read history, run around, jump on the bouncy castle and have a little meal together.
**When:** from 24. September 2018, Monday to Thursday from 10:00 - 12:00 o'clock (Access is possible at any time when seats are available)
**Where:** Liebenwalder Str. 2-3, in 13347 Berlin (Children, Youth and Family Centre at Nauener Platz)
**My contact details for registration:**
Name, first name (of a guardian):________________________________________
Name, first name (of the child):_________________________________________
Age of the child:_______________________________________________________
street address:________________________________________________________
available at:___________________________________________________________
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Government of Saint Christopher and Nevis
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
Lot 6B Bladen Commercial Development, Wellington Road, P.O. Box 186, BASSETERRE, ST. KITTS
Tel: (869) 467 3343, FAX: (869) 466 8574, (869) 465 1316
The Ministry of Health invites applications from suitably qualified Registered Nurses/Midwives to fill full-time position: QUALITY ASSURANCE NURSE
Qualifications and Experience
- Applicants must possess at least Certificate/Associate/Bachelor's degree or higher.
- Minimum of three (3) years clinical nursing experience.
- Active Nursing License.
- Experience with hospital-based quality assurance / performance improvement as well as a strong understanding of accreditation standards.
- Effectively communicate findings and recommendations clearly to diverse stakeholders,
- Proficiency to analyze data, identify trends, and draw meaningful insights to drive improvements in patient care and healthcare processes.
including healthcare professionals, administrators, and regulatory bodies.
- Conduct thorough examinations of processes and outcomes with a keen attention to detail to identify areas for improvement.
- Comprehend healthcare regulations, accreditation standards, and quality benchmarks, which is essential for ensuring compliance.
- Lead or participate in quality improvement projects, requiring project management skills to ensure successful implementation.
- Collaborate actively with various healthcare professionals, administrators, departments/units, requiring strong collaboration and teamwork.
- Exhibit proactive ability in staying updated on emerging trends, research, and best practices in quality improvement.
- Uphold high ethical standards, ensuring integrity in data collection, reporting, and decisionmaking.
- Educate nurses on best practices and quality improvement initiatives.
Duties and Responsibilities of this Position
- Serve as a resource person on clinical, professional, and reimbursement issues.
- Take responsibility for reviewing admission and ongoing patient documentation to ensure accuracy and correct implementation of the care plan.
- Provide technical assistance to wards/units/departments, committees, and programs for the development of objective criteria.
Facilitate the development of appropriate standards and nursing care indicators.
-
- Coordinate a problem identification/intervention/goals system for areas of responsibility, ensuring appropriate investigation, corrective action, resolution, and follow-up.
- Document and report Performance Improvement activities to Director Nursing Services.
- Utilize the health information systems for collecting, processing, summarizing, reporting, storing, and retrieving Performance Improvement information.
- Facilitate cost-conscious quality/performance activities.
- Evaluate and utilize data obtained to determine interventions and communicate findings to all staff and committees.
- Facilitate appropriate Risk Management activities relevant and current to ensure preparation for insurance and audit/requests for information.
- Facilitate appropriate, timely, formal, and informal communication of these audits to all departments and administration.
- Proficiently conduct comprehensive audits ensuring adherence to established healthcare standards and fostering continuous improvement in patient care across all wards/units/departments.
- Collaborate with the Executive Management Committee, physicians, nurses, and all other healthcare providers to ensure the availability of necessary training and tools to continuously improve the quality of care; facilitate discussions and feedback to sustain improvement.
- Conduct and spearhead research initiatives aimed at enhancing quality improvement.
- Establish and Chair a Quality Assurance Committee.
- Develop policies governing standards of patient care.
- Identify trends and practices deficiencies of staff members.
- Ensure staff have resources to perform duties.
- Follow up with patients and staff about incidents/accidents.
- Maintain reports relative to surveys, audits, and incidents.
- Maintain records of audits, surveys, and incidents impacting the quality of care.
- Maintain records of patient satisfaction surveys.
Government of Saint Christopher and Nevis
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
Lot 6B Bladen Commercial Development, Wellington Road, P.O. Box 186, BASSETERRE, ST. KITTS
Tel: (869) 467 3343, FAX: (869) 466 8574, (869) 465 1316
- Submit reports to the Director Nursing Services as stipulated.
Applications from Qualified Applicants should include:
- Letter detailing qualifications.
- Updated Curriculum Vitae.
- Official Academic Certificate(s), transcripts and other relevant documents (certified copies)
- Two references with telephone and email address.
Salary
Salary will be commensurate with qualifications and experience and in accordance with the current salary scale of the Government.
All application documents should be scanned and submitted as one email file to:
email@example.com and addressed to:
Principal Nursing Officer Ministry of Health Bladen Commercial Development Wellington Road Basseterre St. Kitts
Application Deadline: February 23 rd 2024. Late applications will not be acknowledged.
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MEDICAL HISTORY AND NEEDS FORM
Hello _____________________________,
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Due to COVID-19, our office procedures have been enhanced for your safety. To ensure a safe and efficient visit for you, we require that you complete and submit this Medical History and Needs Form in the next 48 hours to guarantee your appointment.
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* Being automatically charged a fee of $65 if I do not attend my appointment or cancel with fewer than 24 hours notice.
NOTICE OF COLLECTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION AND CONSENT TO COLLECT
"We" and "our" mean the following optometric practice: Eye Care First/Dr Hansel Huang Optometry Professional Corporation. READ CAREFULLY BEFORE SIGNING: By signing this form, you consent to our collection of the information above.
We collect, use and share your personal information for the following purposes: your ongoing eye care; to provide services to you; to understand your eligibility for benefits and/or services; to arrange payment for services; and as required by law.
The collection of this information is authorized by the Health Insurance Act, Optometry Act, Regulated Health Professions Act and Health Protection and Promotion Act. We will take all reasonable steps to ensure that your personal information is treated confidentially and is only used for the purposes it was collected. We will take all reasonable steps to prevent unauthorized access, use or disclosure of your personal information.
You may obtain access to your personal information stored by us in accordance with the Personal Health Information Protection Act by making a written request to: Dr. Hansel Huang, 2601 Lauzon Pkwy, Unit 510, Windsor, ON, N8T 3M4
If you would like to make a comment or complaint regarding the collection, use, disclosure or handling of your personal information you may contact: (519) 948-9797. You also have the right to complain to the Information Privacy Commissioner / Ontario, 1400-2 Bloor Street East, Toronto, ON M4W 1A8 (800-387-0073)
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Signed: _______________________________________ Date: _________________________________________
SIGN
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Blue Mountains Refugee Support Group
A project of the Blue Mountains Family Support Service Inc. ABN 48 765 203 957 PO Box 197 KATOOMBA NSW 2780
Email: email@example.com
Phone: (02) 4782 7866
Apostasy as a Basis for Protection Claims by Iranians
Graeme Swincer 1 for Blue Mountains Refugee Support Group, October 2013
This document is published and distributed by BMRSG under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. This means that:
* Attribution — You must give appropriate credit (author and publisher), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
* ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
This document is available on our website:
bmrsg.org.au/research-material/iran/
1 Retired agricultural scientist, international development programs coordinator, and cross cultural consultant, trainer and researcher .
Introduction
Thousands of Iranians are fleeing the country because of their fears of persecution for religious reasons. This has been happening for many years, but there was significant escalation over the 4 years of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's presidency, especially following the impact of the "Arab Spring" in early 2011. There is no sign of abatement in this trend following the election of the seemingly more moderate Hassan Rouhani on 14 th June this year. Several categories are involved 2 :
1. Nominal Muslims who come to the notice of the authorities, security forces and vigilante groups for not being strict enough in their commitments and practices. This group includes:
* Kurds, especially Faili Kurds, whose traditional expression of Islam tends to be found at the "folk religion" end of the spectrum, far removed from the other extreme: fundamentalist adherence to Shariah law.
* "Secular" Muslims who generally manage to keep their private beliefs and practices separate from their public lives 3 .
2. Converts from Islam to other faiths and beliefs. This may include those who have become agnostics and atheists.
3. Members of particular non-Muslim groups who are increasingly oppressed and harassed by the authorities. These include Zoroastrians, Judaists, Bahais, Protestant and Catholic Farsi-speaking Christians and even the previously well tolerated Orthodox Christians who use non-Persian languages such as Armenian, Assyrian and Latin.
Categories 1 and 2 qualify under the definition of "Apostasy", as do some members of category 3.
2 Note for example the explanation given in the UK Home Office IRAN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT , COI Service, 16 th January 2013,
http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/documents/policyandlaw/coi/iran/report-0611.pdf?view=Binary 3 See op.cit. footnote . The Landinfo Report 2011 (note: Denmark) stated:
* According to Iranian religious tradition, there is a difference between offences that are committed in a public space and things that take place in the shelter of privacy. Issues that are at odds with Islam and take place in public must be punished, while things that take place in the private sphere, and thereby are concealed, will to a larger extent be tolerated. This could include drinking alcohol, illicit sexual affairs, illegal films, books and music as well as religious practices. A large number of Iranians, irrespective of their ethnic background and religious affiliation, in practice lead two lives: one in the public space and another in the private. As long as the private matters remain private and Islamic rules and values are not challenged or violated in a visible manner, Iranian authorities will normally not interfere in the private sphere of the citizens.
* In general, all Iranian non-Muslim minorities keep a low profile in the public space with regard to their religious affiliations. Simply put, one could say that they know their place as dhimmi (a legal term in the sharia, denoting non-Muslims living in a society governed according to Islamic law). As long as the Islamic framework is obeyed, minorities can practise their religion and operate within their organizations free from any scrutiny and interference by the authorities. However, this does not apply to the Baha'i, who are declared illegal and whose members are treated in violation of international law and human rights. Nor does it apply to the house churches, since the Iranian authorities have not endorsed their activities.
Definition of Apostasy
Apostasy is the abandonment or renunciation of a religious or political belief or principle. It is not primarily conversion to another religion, although that is the most common evidence of its occurrence. Note for example the statement of Frances Webber 4 , retired UK barrister and world authority on this matter, "Apostasy is conversion to another religion or simply renouncing one's own religion." It is universally recognised that "apostasy" does not depend on embracing an alternative major religion; it is sufficient that declaration is made of rejection of Islam (or occasionally another religion).
Implications for Asylum Seekers
This understanding has profound implications for the assessment of asylum seeker claims. While most assessors tend to seek ways of questioning the claimant's overall credibility, and therefore to throw doubt on claims for protection, in relation to apostasy credibility is rarely an important issue, let alone the key issue. Almost always, the danger has already been established whatever the motives and whatever the level of sincerity. All Iranians know that reports of any declared rejection of Islam will be certain to get back to Iran and spread uncontrollably among family, community, acquaintances and the authorities. The risk being taken is very great and is never taken lightly. Questions of family honour, family solidarity and family inheritance are usually extremely significant.
Persecution of Christians in Iran
In relation to Iran the subject of Apostasy is close linked with that of persecution of Christians.
It almost goes without saying that Christians have been vulnerable to persecution in Iran for many years. Reports abound on the internet. The organisation International Christian Concern maintains comprehensive updates. The link to Iran is http://www.persecution.org/category/countries/middle-east/iran/.
1. A recent (November 2012) UK report 5 is especially powerful. An official inquiry on persecution of Christians in Iran was chaired by parliamentarian David Burrowes. It resulted in a 35-page report which was presented to Alistair Burt, Britain's minister of State for the Middle East, at a London gathering attended by the UN Special Rapporteur for Human Rights in Iran, Ahmed Shaheed, and other politicians and Christian leaders. The report expressed concern about the "serious and growing persecution and discrimination" of Iranian Christians and said at least dozens of believers remain detained amid a crackdown on Christian converts in Iran.
"During the course of this inquiry we have catalogued evidence of widespread persecution of the most severe kind. . . We heard extremely harrowing stories of people who have lost their jobs, their freedom, their children and even their lives, through the Iranian Government's campaign of repression against Christians. . . . In recent years hundreds of Christians have been arrested, and many are held without charge in appalling conditions, all because of their faith."
4 http://www.refugeelegalaidinformation.org/node/266
5 British Legislators: 'Iranian Christians Face Growing Persecution' (19 th November, 2012)
http://www.bosnewslife.com/24792-british-legislators-iranian-christians-face-growing-persecution.
2. A very recent (October 2013) report on Human Rights violations in Iran 6 includes an expression of special concern about the Iranian government's treatment of religious minorities. It notes that the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom's annual 2013 report lists Iran as a tier 1 country of particular concern, meaning that it has engaged in "particularly severe" violations of religious freedom. 'Iran, ruled as an Islamic Republic since its 1979 revolution, continues to arrest and execute regime opponents for committing the capital crime of "warring with God." '
Other recent reports, indicated below, reinforce this picture. Selected quotations are shown in italics.
3. Iran's Christians facing 'systematic persecution' (May 2013) (http://www.bpnews.net/bpnews.asp?ID=40366)
Iran's treatment of its Christian minority has come under fresh scrutiny in recent months with some harsh reports on the country's human rights record.
Reports from the United Kingdom's Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO) and New Yorkbased International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran (ICHRI) cite evidence of "systematic persecution and prosecution" of Protestants and Christian converts, as part of a widespread violation of international laws.
However, ICHRI's January report, "The Cost of Faith: Persecution of Christian Protestants and Converts in Iran," based on interviews with 31 Iranian Christians between April 2011 and July 2012, claims that "despite the Iranian government's assertions that it respects the rights of its recognised religious minorities, the Christian community in Iran faces systematic state persecution and discrimination."
The Cost of Faith claims the bulk of arrests of Iranian Christians are "arbitrary" and political, rather than because of any crime committed.
The most common charges, according to the report, include "propaganda against the regime," "acting against national security," "contact with a foreign enemy or anti-regime group" and "colluding with enemy foreigners."
4. Report from the American Center for Law and Justice 7 : Iran Attempting to Root Out Christianity Pastor by Pastor: Staggering Truth about Persecution (Matthew Clark, July 2013, http://aclj.org/iran/iran-attempting-christianity-pastor-staggering-truth-persecution)
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran ("Constitution") states that Islam (Twelver Ja'fari school of Islamic jurisprudence) is the nation's official religion. Accordingly, all Iranian laws must be derived from and consistent with Islamic law. Even so, the actions of the Iranian government towards the Christian minority violate not only Iran's Constitution, but numerous international treaty obligations to which Iran has
6 Daniel Wiser, 7 October 2013, Activists Call for Greater Scrutiny of Iran Human Rights, Civil Liberties Abuses (Washington Free Beacon, a project of the Center for American Freedom) http://freebeacon.com/activists-callfor-greater-scrutiny-of-iran-human-rights-civil-liberties-abuses/
7 Led by Chief Counsel Jay Sekulow, the American Center for Law and Justice focuses on constitutional and human rights law worldwide. Based in Washington, D.C., with affiliated offices in Israel, Russia, Kenya, France, Pakistan, and Zimbabwe, the ACLJ is pro-life and dedicated to the ideal that religious freedom and freedom of speech are inalienable, God-given rights for all people. The ACLJ engages legal, legislative, and cultural issues by implementing an effective strategy of advocacy, education, and litigation that includes representing clients before the Supreme Court of the United States and international tribunals around the globe.
Apostasy as a Basis for Protection Claims by Iranians
solemnly agreed to be bound. Iran's constitutional and treaty obligations require the Iranian government to provide a fair and public trial as well as various human rights protections, including freedom of religion and protections against torture. The Iranian government's treatment of the Christian minority consistently violates these obligations.
How does Iran circumvent its own constitution and treaty obligations? First, it claims that converts to Christianity aren't really Christians deserving of any protections under the law. Second, even though "apostasy" is not a codified crime, Iran makes judicial determinations according to radical Shariah law. In fact, "Article 167 of the Constitution instructs judicial authorities to make their judgments based on 'authoritative Islamic sources and authentic fatwa,' rather than dismissing a case for lack of a codified crime or sentence." In other words, Iranian judges, like that of many radical Islamic nations operating under Shariah law, use the opinions and proclamations of radical clerics in determining that someone is an apostate and must be punished under Islamic law, and in an alarming number of cases even executed. In short, Christian conversion is anathema to the Islamic regime.
As a result, "prosecutors often bring charges against Christians, asserting that their Christian activities amount to crimes such as 'propaganda against the Regime' and 'acting against national security.' The reality is, although Iran acknowledges constitutional protections, it fails to uphold them for its Christian community."
. . . .
A 2012 report issued by U.N. Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Iran, Ahmed Shaheed, details the intensity of the persecution faced by Iran's Christians. The report's findings are based on interviews with 221 prisoners of conscience. The results are staggering.
Approximately 73 per cent . . . alleged that they were blindfolded during interrogations; 58 per cent reported the use of prolonged solitary confinement; 62 per cent reported intimidation of family members for the purpose of placing pressure on the target of interrogations; 78 per cent stated that they were beaten during interrogations; and 8 per cent reported being hung from ceilings for the purpose of soliciting confessions. Moreover, 64 per cent of those interviewed alleged that they were denied adequate access to a lawyer after the investigative phase of their case, and another 82 per cent stated that they believed that the judge had already made up his mind about their case, and that he was being directed by the Prosecutor's Office.
The U.S. State Department reports "disappearances; cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, including judicially sanctioned amputation and flogging; politically motivated violence and repression, such as beatings and rape; harsh and life-threatening conditions in detention and prison facilities, with instances of deaths in custody; arbitrary arrest and lengthy pre-trial detention."
. . . .
Suspicious disappearances, beatings, torture, death threats, and murder have become astonishingly commonplace for these Christians.
Many nations of the world have recognized these disturbing facts. In refugee proceedings, New Zealand 8 has found that Christian converts "would be in very serious trouble" if forced to return to their Iranian homeland, and Australia has noted Christian converts face "serious harm" in Iran. The ECLJ report notes that other nations such as
8 http://www.refworld.org/docid/4b91285e2.html
Apostasy as a Basis for Protection Claims by Iranians
Canada, Ireland, and the United Kingdom have also publicly recognized the worsening plight of Christians at the hands of the radical Islamic regime.
. . . .
"It is unquestionable that persecution of Christians is on the rise." (emphasis added)
5. UK Home Office IRAN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service, 16 th January 2013
(http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/documents/policyandlaw/coi/iran/report0611.pdf?view=Binary)
Proselytizing Christians have been attacked, kidnapped and killed by mobs or state agents. One of the main reasons for such intense persecution has been the high number of apostates from Islam in Evangelical and Pentecostal churches. Unlike ethnic Christians of the Armenian and Assyrian communities, Protestant churches actively proselytise. The fact that most of these groups meet on private property also fuels suspicion and reaction from local authorities. The government has requested that church leaders provide a full list of their members to the Ministry of Information and Islamic Guidance and do not allow any Muslims to attend their churches or change their religion. Many church leaders continue to ignore these orders. In 2009, an Assyrian church in Tehran which allowed Christians from a Muslim background to attend its services and to be members of the church was shut down by authorities. 9
. . . .
Human Rights Activists in Iran write that the Iranian state is depriving Iranians of their human rights to change religion and faith. Nor is there any right to speak about one's own faith collectively and publicly, in Farsi, in the context of churches' religious instruction and in church masses.
. . . . .
An article dated 10 January 2011 by the Hudson Institute's Center for Religious Freedom, reported developments since the end of 2010:
* . . . the Iranian government is now conducting a massive roundup of Christians, often converts from Islam and including evangelical and ethnic Armenian Christians.
. . .
* Beginning on December 26 [2010], security forces raided Christian homes in Tehran and elsewhere, abused and handcuffed their occupants, and dragged 25 people off to prison and interrogation. Amongst those taken were married couples, at least two of whom were forced to leave babies behind. Police raided another dozen houses but the occupants were not at home — the homes were ransacked, looted, and sealed, and their occupants ordered to turn themselves in to the authorities…
* This is the largest targeted Iranian violence against Christians since the government assassination campaign against Protestant leaders in the mid-1990s, and perhaps since the earliest years of the revolution.
. . . .
The Christian Solidarity Worldwide (CSW) report of August 2011 also reported on the situation since December 2010:
9 It is important to note that what is called "proselytising" includes simply open declaration of Christian allegiance (or "witness"), and this is universally regarded as fundamental to being a Christian.
Beginning with a wave of arrests on 26 December 2010, the situation facing Christians has deteriorated severely; evangelical Iranian Christians now live increasingly in an atmosphere of instability. This intensification of persecution has been undergirded by a proliferation of anti-Christian rhetoric from authority figures in Iran.
. . . .
The same CSW report further noted:
The majority of the Christians arrested in the last year have been released, either on bail or the families of many have been forced to hand over the title deeds to their homes as bail. Once released, they are closely monitored, and risk re-arrest and imprisonment if they engage or are suspected of engaging in any Christian activity. Many will face a gruelling legal process, and until their case is heard, which could take several years, their lives are in limbo. Those awaiting trial that flee the country are tried in absentia.
. . . .
The USCIRF Report 2012 stated:
During the reporting period [1 April 2011 to 31 March 2012], the number of incidents of Iranian authorities raiding church services, harassing and threatening church members, and arresting, convicting, and imprisoning worshippers and church leaders increased significantly. Christians, particularly Evangelical and other Protestants, are subject to harassment, arrests, close surveillance, and imprisonment; many are reported to have fled the country. Indigenous Assyrian and Armenian Christian religious leaders also have been targeted.
. . . .
The USSD IRF Report 2011 stated that:
* The constitution does not provide for the rights of Muslim citizens to choose, change, or renounce their religious beliefs. The government automatically considers a child born to a Muslim father to be a Muslim and conversion from Islam is deemed apostasy, which is punishable by death.
* Furthermore, there were numerous incidents during the year of Muslim converts to Christianity facing harassment, arrest, and sentencing. Many arrests took place during police raids on religious gatherings, during which religious property also was confiscated.
6. Captive in Iran, Maryam Rostampour, Marziyeh Amirizadeh with John Perry, Tyndale 2013.
This recent book contains the first-hand account of two young Iranian women who, having converted from Islam to Christianity, were captured and incarcerated in the infamous Evin prison. They suffered greatly and observed the injustice and suffering experienced by many others. After Amnesty International and other groups publicised their plight they were released in May 2010, having spent more than 14 months "inside". Eventually they got to the USA and documented their story. In the book (page 6) they state that:
"Technically, it's not illegal to be a Christian in Iran. However in practical terms, policemen, Revolutionary Guards, judges, and every other authority in the country interpret the law for themselves and aren't accountable to anyone. These two boys and the young woman with them could charge us with anything, or hold us and not charge us at all. And though being a Christian was not a crime, converting from Islam to another faith and evangelizing on behalf of that faith were considered crimes of apostasy and punishable by death."
The authors emphasise that "apostates" are peculiarly vulnerable to extreme harm, precisely because of the uncertainty of the law and its application. On page 151 they mention how Amnesty International quoted Article 23 of the Iranian Constitution, which says, "The investigation of individuals' beliefs is forbidden, and no one may be molested or taken to task simply for holding a certain belief," . . and Article18.1 of the International Covenant on Civil and political Rights (to which Iran is a party), which states, "Everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This right shall include freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice, and freedom, either individually or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in worship, observance, practice and teaching."
The Amnesty International document noted that "evangelical Christians . . . often face harassment by the authorities. Converts from Islam can risk arrest, attack or the death penalty. Conversion from Islam (apostasy) is considered as forbidden under Islamic Law, which requires apostates to be put to death if they refuse to reconvert to Islam. There is no specific provision in the Iranian Penal Code for apostasy, but judges are required to use their knowledge of Islamic Law to rule on cases where no specific legislation exists in the Penal Code. A new version of the Iranian Penal Code is currently under consideration by the [Parliament] and prescribes the death penalty for those considered to be apostates."
Summary
Iran's population includes hundreds of thousands of people who are vulnerable to increasing levels of persecution on religious grounds. "Traditional" Christians who are an historically tolerated group are now living precariously, and many are choosing to flee. But even more exposed to oppression and danger are "apostates", both those who have abandoned Islamic allegiance and practice without embracing an alternative major religion, and those who have taken the next step, usually aligning themselves as Christians. Many "secular" Muslims manage to survive by a mixture of hypocrisy and separation of their lives into private and public spheres. However they are always at risk of persecution, especially if other factors trigger special attention from the authorities. If discovered they may be accused of being "infidels" and enemies of the regime, and worthy of extreme punishment and even death. For these, the pressure to seek asylum in other countries is very high. The same certainly applies to those who embrace Christianity, whether this takes place before or after departure from Iran. In this case the question of sincerity or authenticity hardly applies. The danger has already been established, at least at the point of identification or declaration.
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<urn:uuid:edb4f7bb-2c7a-49da-81b1-2044055d4a81>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
eng_Latn
| 24,366
|
Chapelle Saint-Tremeur en Cleden-Cap-Sizun
1:100
W04°38'27"
N48°02'35"
SECANDA
n° 22.05 - v.1.a
La chapelle Saint-Tremeur en Cleden-Cap-Sizun est une jolie petite chapelle rurale située à la pointe ouest de la Bretagne (région du Cap Sizun). Elle a été érigée au sommet d’une colline dominant le village. Elle présente un plan en équerre et est de style gothique tardif.
Tremeur est un saint local à la Bretagne et non reconnu par l’église catholique. Il appartient au groupe des saints céphalophores (qui portent leur tête après décapitation). De nombreux lieux de cultes lui sont dédiés en Bretagne.
La principale particularité de cette chapelle est la présence sur sa façade sud d’une très longue inscription (la moitié de la longueur de la façade). Cette inscription est en breton et indique la dédicace de la chapelle (saint Gweltaz/Gildas et saint Tremeur) et sa date de fondation : 1538.
La cloche de la chapelle n’est pas une cloche d’église mais une cloche de bateau. Elle a été récupérée d’un bateau anglais ayant fait naufrage au XIXe siècle sur la côte de la proche baie d’Audierne.
Conseils généraux de montage des maquettes en papier
General advice for paper models mounting
Impression des planches
Utilisez du papier A4 suffisamment rigide. Grammage (de 120 gr à) **160 gr**. Imprimer les pages PDF en « taille réelle »
Découpe des pièces
Plusieurs possibilités à associer :
**Avec des ciseaux.** Utilisez de long ciseaux pour les coupes droites et de petits ciseaux fins pour les petits contours et les évidements (ciseaux de broderie ou mieux, ciseaux médicaux coupe-fil).
**Au scalpel, sur un plan de découpe.** Préférez un plan de découpe auto-cicatrisant (voir les boutiques de loisirs créatifs), sinon un vieux calendrier-plateau fera l’affaire. Pour les coupes droites, guidez le scalpel avec une règle métallique.
Marquage des plis
Plusieurs possibilités à associer :
**Pliage sur une arête droite rigide** (double-décimètre, couteau à lame droite…) en marquant le pli d’abord avec la pulpe du doigt puis avec l’ongle.
**Marquage avec une pointe fine** (vieux crayon bille à pointe fine, aiguille, pointe de couteau, etc.) guidée à la règle.
**Marquage avec incision superficielle du papier** (scalpel ou pointe de couteau, guidés à la règle).
Mise en forme
Pour incurver une pièce tendez-la en tirant tout en la frottant sur l’arête d’une table ou d’une règle.
Collage
Utilisez de la colle blanche vinylique (colle de bureau ou colle à bois) ou équivalent. Étalez la colle au pinceau en couche mince. Il vous faudra deux pinceaux : une brosse étroite pour les grandes surfaces et un pinceau droit très fin pour les détails.
Plates printing
Use sufficiently rigid A4 paper. Paper weight (from 120 grsm to) **160 grsm**. Print the PDF pages as “real size”.
Parts cutting
Several possibilities may be combined:
**With scissors.** Use long scissors for straight cuts and small fine scissors for small contours and recesses (embroidery scissors or better, wire cutters medical scissors).
With a scalpel on a cutting plan. Prefer a self-healing cutting plan (see the hobby shops), otherwise an old tray calendar will do. For straight cuts, guide the knife with a metal ruler.
Folds marking
Several possibilities to combine:
**Folding on a rigid straight edge** (double decimetre, straight blade knife…) while marking the fold at first with the finger then with the nail.
**Marking with a thin blunt point** (old ballpoint pen with fine point, needle, tip of a knife, etc.) guided with the rule.
**Marking with superficial incision of the paper** (scalpel, tip of a knife, guided with the rule).
Shaping
To bend a part, just tend it while dragging and rubbing it on the edge of a table or a rule.
Gluing
Use vinyl white glue (office glue or wood glue) or similar.
Spread glue in a thin layer with a brush. You will need two brushes: a narrow flat brush for large areas and a very fine brush for details.
Conseils généraux de montage des maquettes en papier
General advice for paper models mounting
Impression des planches
Utilisez du papier A4 suffisamment rigide. Grammage (de 120 gr à) **160 gr**. Imprimer les pages PDF en « taille réelle »
Découpe des pièces
Plusieurs possibilités à associer :
**Avec des ciseaux.** Utilisez de long ciseaux pour les coupes droites et de petits ciseaux fins pour les petits contours et les évidements (ciseaux de broderie ou mieux, ciseaux médicaux coupe-fil).
**Au scalpel, sur un plan de découpe.** Préférez un plan de découpe auto-cicatrisant (voir les boutiques de loisirs créatifs), sinon un vieux calendrier-plateau fera l’affaire. Pour les coupes droites, guidez le scalpel avec une règle métallique.
Marquage des plis
Plusieurs possibilités à associer :
**Pliage sur une arête droite rigide** (double-décimètre, couteau à lame droite…) en marquant le pli d’abord avec la pulpe du doigt puis avec l’ongle.
**Marquage avec une pointe fine** (vieux crayon bille à pointe fine, aiguille, pointe de couteau, etc.) guidée à la règle.
**Marquage avec incision superficielle du papier** (scalpel ou pointe de couteau, guidés à la règle).
Mise en forme
Pour incurver une pièce tendez-la en tirant tout en la frottant sur l’arête d’une table ou d’une règle.
Collage
Utilisez de la colle blanche vinylique (colle de bureau ou colle à bois) ou équivalent. Étalez la colle au pinceau en couche mince. Il vous faudra deux pinceaux : une brosse étroite pour les grandes surfaces et un pinceau droit très fin pour les détails.
Plates printing
Use sufficiently rigid A4 paper. Paper weight (from 120 grsm to) **160 grsm**. Print the PDF pages as “real size”.
Parts cutting
Several possibilities may be combined:
**With scissors.** Use long scissors for straight cuts and small fine scissors for small contours and recesses (embroidery scissors or better, wire cutters medical scissors).
With a scalpel on a cutting plan. Prefer a self-healing cutting plan (see the hobby shops), otherwise an old tray calendar will do. For straight cuts, guide the knife with a metal ruler.
Folds marking
Several possibilities to combine:
**Folding on a rigid straight edge** (double decimetre, straight blade knife…) while marking the fold at first with the finger then with the nail.
**Marking with a thin blunt point** (old ballpoint pen with fine point, needle, tip of a knife, etc.) guided with the rule.
**Marking with superficial incision of the paper** (scalpel, tip of a knife, guided with the rule).
Shaping
To bend a part, just tend it while dragging and rubbing it on the edge of a table or a rule.
Gluing
Use vinyl white glue (office glue or wood glue) or similar.
Spread glue in a thin layer with a brush. You will need two brushes: a narrow flat brush for large areas and a very fine brush for details.
IMPORTANT: before building this model, check for an available updated version at http://secanda.stalikez.info?lg=en
LEGEND OF THE PART PLATES:
The part number of each part is printed in BOLD BLUE on the part or near of it.
The small fine blue numbers (if present) show the number and location of another part to glue.
The small red numbers (if present) of the gluing areas must match each other.
LEGEND OF THE BUILDING NOTICE:
N.B.: these conventions are common for all the Secanda paper models.
0x : numéro de pièce / part number.
0x : pièce servant de socle / part used as baseplate.
0x : nouvelle pièce à ajouter / new part to add.
→ : collez la pièce / glue the part.
↺ : collez la pièce sur elle-même / glue the part on itself.
↻ : collez sous ou derrière l'autre pièce / glue under or behind the other.
暂缓 : attendez le séchage complet de la colle / wait for the glue full drying.
➢→ : ajuster puis coller / adjust before gluing.
→➢ : coller puis ajuster / glue before adjusting,
▷→ : mettre en forme puis coller / to shape before gluing
□— : utilisez une chute de papier / use a scrap piece of paper
→↺ ▶: posez la pièce sans la coller / set the part without gluing it
Suivez l'ordre de montage de la liste suivante :
Follow the building order of the following list:
1. Assemblage des ouvertures / Building the openings
1c (porte ouest / west door)
1d (porte sud / south door)
1f (porte nord-ouest / north-east door)
1e (fenêtre sud / south window)
1h (fenêtre sud-est / south-east window)
1i (fenêtre nord-est / north-east window)
1g (fenêtre nord / north window)
2. Pose des ouvertures / Setting the openings
1c 2a (porte ouest / west door)
1d 2a (porte sud / south door)
1f 3a (porte nord-ouest / north-east door)
1e 2a (fenêtre sud / south window)
1h 3a (fenêtre sud-est / south-east window)
1i 3a (fenêtre nord-est / north-east window)
1g 3a (fenêtre nord / north window)
1k 2a (fenêtre ouest / west window)
3. Assemblage des murs / Building the walls
2a 2b (murs S, W, N / S, W, N walls)
3a [2a + 2b] (mur est / east wall)
[2a + 2b + 3a] 1a (mise en place / setting the walls)
4. Tour de clocher / Bell tower
1b (fermer la tour / close the tower)
1x 1w (corniche / corniche)
1v (base de la chambre / base of the bell room)
1v 1w (pose de la base / setting the base)
1x 1b (pose de la corniche / setting the cornice)
1b [2a + 1a] (pose de la tour / setting the tower)
5. Contreforts ouest / West buttresses
\[2e \times 2 \rightarrow [2a + 1a]\] (contreforts W / W buttresses)
\[2e \times 2 \rightarrow [2a + 1a]\] (mise en place / setting the buttresses)
6. Contreforts est / East buttresses
\[3d \rightarrow 3e\] (tête contrefort central / middle buttress head)
\[3e \rightarrow 3h\] (contrefort central E / E middle buttress)
\[3e + 3d + 3h \rightarrow [3a + 1a]\] (mise en place / setting the buttress)
\[3g \times 2 \rightarrow 3i \times 2\] (tête contreforts latéraux / side buttress head)
\[3i \times 2 \rightarrow 3f \times 2\] (contreforts latéraux / side buttress)
7. Rampants / Rails
\[2c \times 2 \cup 3a\] (rampants E et N / E and N rails)
\[3c \times 2 \rightarrow 2c \times 2\] (revers des rampants / rail backs)
\[2g \cup 2a\] (rampant SW / SW rail)
\[2f \rightarrow 2g\] (revers de rampant / rail back)
8. Escalier de rampant / Side stairway
\[2h \cup 2a\] (rampant NW / NW rail)
\[2i \rightarrow 2m\] (escalier / stairway)
\[2k \rightarrow 2i\] (côté de l'escalier / side of the stairway)
\[2k + 2i + 2m \rightarrow 2h\] (mise en place / setting the stairway)
Terminé ! / Completed!
St-Tremeur en Cleden-Cap-Sizun
Merci de signaler toutes les erreurs que vous rencontrerez dans la maquette et dans sa notice (mauvaises numérotations, pièces manquantes, étapes de montages oubliées, etc.)
Please report any errors you encounter in the model and its notice (wrong numbering, missing parts, forgotten assembly steps, etc.)
firstname.lastname@example.org
Planches à imprimer / Plates to print
SECANDA 22.05 v.1
Chapelle Saint-Tremeur de Cleden
2/5
Chapelle Saint-Tremeur de Cléden
SECANDA 22.05 v.1
3/5
Chapelle Saint-Tremeur de Cléden
SECANDA 22.05 v.1
4/5
Chapelle Saint-Tremeur de Cléden
SECANDA 22.05 v.1
|
3565afe1-17ad-484d-9175-7bc47628f8c2
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/fra_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
fra_Latn
| 10,989
|
| Halkaisija/mm | Kiinnitin | Maks. rpm | Rakenne | Tuotenumero | OVH-hinta |
|--------------|-------------|-----------|--------------------------|-------------|-----------|
| 150 | Kierre M 8 | 11.000 | Keskitetty uuttaminen | 349767 | 316,35 € / Kappale |
Kaikkiin hintoihin lisätään lakisääteinen arvonlisävero ja ne koskevat ainoastaan kaupallisia tilaajia.
|
<urn:uuid:2d7d9f1e-f7cd-42d6-b60d-efcb638ab1e2>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/fin_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
fin_Latn
| 402
|
Pre-operative Showering Instructions
Before surgery, you can play an important role in your own health. Because skin is not sterile, we need to be sure that your skin is as clean as possible. Your skin will be prepared with antiseptic before your surgery, but the antiseptic can work better if your skin is clean.
To clean your skin before surgery, you will complete 2 showers with an antibacterial soap like Hibiclens™, Dial™, Lever™, or Safeguard™. If you are allergic to any of these products, you should not use them and tell your care team. Studies have shown it is not as important what antiseptic soap product you use, but that it is very important that you do shower or bathe before your surgery.
(Continued on other side)
Guide for Preoperative shower using Antibacterial Soap
Hibiclens and other antibacterial soaps are available at drug stores/pharmacies such as Walgreens and CVS, as well as places like Target and Wal-Mart.
* You will complete two showers using an antibacterial soap. You will take one shower the evening before and one the day of surgery.
* If you wash your hair during either shower, do so with your regular shampoo. Then rinse hair and body thoroughly to remove any shampoo residue.
* Apply the antibacterial soap to a wet washcloth and wash from the neck down. Spend a few extra minutes focused on the area of your body that you will have surgery.
* Use gentle friction but do not scrub your skin harshly or use a scrub brush.
* Do not shave any hair from your body. If shaving is needed at the surgical site, it will be performed at the surgery center.
* Dry your body with a clean towel.
* Do not apply any lotions, powders, fragrance, or hair products after showering.
* Put on clean clothing and sleep in clean bedding. Avoid sleeping with pets.
|
<urn:uuid:86a119cd-3cea-4a47-b596-482413ab6417>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
eng_Latn
| 1,789
|
FRESH JUICE succo fresco
apple lover
COLD BEVERAGES bevande fredde
soft drinks still or sparkling 1l
COFFEE & TEA caffe e te
babycino
2.9
short black
3.9
chai latte
4.9
long black macchiato
3.9
mocha
4.9
flat white
4.9
hot chocolate
piccolo latte
3.9
cappucino
4.9
latte
4.9
italian hot chocolate
4.9
4.9
5.9
SPIRITS spiriti
whiskey
DIGESTIVES digestivo
amaro del capo
MOCKTAILS frullati
HOME DELIVERY
Now you can enjoy a #crinitismoment at home! Order your Criniti's favourites for easier. crinitis.com
home delivery for lunch or dinner. Authentic homemade Italian has never been vodka
TRADITIONAL SHAKES il frullato
ADD SCOOP OF GELATO +2.9
a traditional milkshake served w/ whipped cream ;
banana caramel
chocolate strawberry
vanilla
LOADED SHAKES ricco il frullato
SMOOTHIES frullati
ICED DRINKS bevamde ghiacciate
SOY MILK OR ALMOND MILK +0.5
PROTEIN SMOOTHIES frullati di proteine
SOY MILK OR ALMOND MILK +0.5
9.9
SHARING COCKTAILS
condividere
An old Italian tradition dating back to the early 20th century, our cocktails to share are a unique & fun way to enjoy a drink amongst friends & family! Salute!
leaning island ice tea belvedere vodka, gin, amaretto, cointreau & white rum, w/ fresh lemon, pineapple & cranberry juice, served in a leaning tower (serves 2)
32.9
smoking mo fireball whisky, bacardi oak heart, ginger beer, grapefruit juice, peach puree, lemon & raspberry juice, served smoking (serves 4)
44.9
mai gondola havana white & havana dark rum, bitters, fresh pineapple, cointreau, orgeat & lime juice, served in your very own mini gondola (serves 2)
39.9
xl daiquiri lime, mango or strawberry w/ bacardi
& frozen in a mini keg
& cointreau, served extra large
(serves 4)
46.9
dolce vita
our home made xl sangria w/ fresh grapes, peaches, orange & melon mixed w/ white spirits, red wine & lemonade, served in a ceramic colosseum (serves 4)
49.9
CLASSIC COCKTAILS classico
GOOD FOOD, GOOD WINE, GOOD FRIENDS, GOOD TIMES
unknown
CRINITI'S SIGNATURE COCKTAILS firma
WHITE WINE vino bianco
carafe house white
500ml
1 litre gris, grigio & blends
devil's staircase pinot gris the lane block 2 pinot gris
copia pinot grigio wild oats pinot grigio
santi sortesele pinot grigio igt italo cescon pinot grigio “tralcetto” doc
santa margherita pinot grigio riesling
ad hoc wallflower robert oatley finisterre
rockburn tigermoth (sweet style)
derwent estate sauvignon blanc & blends
the lane block 10 sauvignon blanc taltarni fume (sauvignon) blanc
chateau de sancerre AOC
copia sauvignon blanc semillon chateau de sours blanc sem sauv blanc
pedestal semillon sauvignon blanc lawson’s dry hill sauvignon blanc
chardonnay robert oatley signature series
ad hoc hen & chicken robert oatley finisterre
the lane block 1a risky business
rosé & moscato luna rosa rosado
fiore moscato (lightly sweet)
chateau de sours rose house wine
house wine central otago, nz
adelaide hills, sa margaret river, wa
mudgee, nsw trentino, italy
friuli, italy veneto, italy
great southern, wa porongurup, wa
central otago, nz tasmania, aus
adelaide hills, sa vic/tasmania
sancerre, france margaret river, wa
bordeaux, france margaret river, wa
marlborough, nz margaret river, wa
pemberton, wa mudgee, nsw
adelaide hills, sa margaret river, wa
central ranges, nsw mudgee, nsw
bordeaux, france mount trio moscato pink
great southern, wa
19.9
34.9
38.9
45.9
40.9
42.9
38.9
48.9
46.9
47.9
48.9
50.9
45.9
48.9
48.9
62.9
40.9
45.9
42.9
49.9
42.9
45.9
58.9
52.9
50.9
38.9
40.9
45.9
39.9
BEER & CIDER birra e sidero
8.9
9.9
8.9
8.9
8.9
9.9
8.9
9.9
RED WINE vino rosso
WHEN YOU'RE HERE, YOU'RE FAMILY
frank criniti
CHAMPAGNE & SPARKLING scintillanti
JOIN LA FAMIGLIA
Join our family and get 7% off your bill instantly. Our membership program is our extended family.
Buon appetito! Head to crinitis.com to join.
more than just a rewards card, it is our chance to reward you for being a part of
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<urn:uuid:b71bf19f-a0c8-4ef1-8f7c-e18ce2a307ef>
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
eng_Latn
| 4,017
|
BEREDSKAPSTEAM MOT MOBBING
ERFARINGER FRA STEINKJER KOMMUNE
Oslo, 15. april 2016
Annette Hermann, miljøterapeut PPT, og Eva H. Haugseth, utviklingskoordinator skole
Kommunen vår….
* Ca. 21 000 innbyggere
* 12 kommunale grunnskoler
* 1 privat grunnskole
* 5 kommunale barnehager
* 23 private barnehager
FORANKRING
* Beredskapsteam mot mobbing (BMM) lagt til Ressursteam oppvekst
* Ressursteam oppvekst er et tverrfaglig sammensatt team som bistår barnehager og skoler i de vanskeligste atferdssakene:
* Psykolog, PPT, 50 %
* Miljøterapeut, PPT, 50 %
* Ped.psyk. rådgiver, PPT, 50 %
* Barnevernkonsulent, Barneverntjenesten, 50 %
* Administrativt underlagt oppvekstsjefen
ORGANISERING
* Ledelse av beredskapsteamet
* Utviklingskoordinator skole, leder
* Rådgiver spes.ped., nestleder
* Enhetsleder PPT (leder for ressursteam oppvekst)
* Faste møtetidspunkt for beredskapsteamet
* Ukentlig
* Ledelse av teamet deltar annenhver uke
* Veiledning fra Midt-Norsk Kompetansesenter for atferd (MKA)
MANDATET
* Beredskapsteam mot mobbing er et rådgivende organ
* Bistå elever, foresatte, barnehager og skoler i de vanskeligste mobbesakene
* Kan bistå i mobbesaker på barns/elevers fritidsarena hvis denne mobbingen har stor innvirkning på barnehage-/skolesituasjonen
INFORMASJON
* Ledermøter barnehage og skole
* Informasjonsmail til alle ansatte i skolene
* Informasjonsbrev til foresatte i barnehager og skoler
* Dialog med Steinkjer kommunale foreldreutvalg (SKFU)
* Kommunens hjemmeside og Facebook-side
* Region- og lokalaviser
* "Stopp mobbing"-knapp på elevenes "skrivebord"
* Informerer på foreldremøter om ønskelig
HENVENDELSER TIL TEAMET
* Barnehager og skoler:
* Styrer/rektor tar kontakt med leder/nestleder i teamet
* Foresatte/andre (f.eks. helsesøster):
* Via skole
* Telefon/e-post til leder/nestleder i teamet
* Elevene:
* "Mobbeknapp" på "skrivebordet"
PROSEDYRER
Oppbygging av prosedyrene:
* SITUASJON/BEKYMRING
* HENVENDELSE
* VURDERING OG AVKLARING
* OPPSTART OG INTERVENSJON
* AVSLUTNING
* DOKUMENTASJON
CASE – steg for steg
* SITUASJON/BEKYMRING
* Jentekonflikt, ungdomstrinn
* Skolen har ikke greid å løse saken
* HENVENDELSE
* Henvendelsesskjema
* Sjekkliste
* Samtykkeskjema
* Internt møte BMM
* Saken tas inn
* VURDERING OG AVKLARING
* Avklaringsmøte med skolen: Kontaktlærer, sosiallærer, inspektør, miljøterapeut, leder BMM, to representanter for BMM
CASE – steg for steg (2)
* OPPSTART OG INTERVENSJON
* Samarbeidsmøter med skolen – beredskapsteamets rolle:
* Systematisere informasjon
* Støtte skolen
* Refleksjonspartner, råd og veiledning
* Skape felles forståelse
* Skynde seg langsomt
* Gjøre skolen til utførere
* Ansvars- og oppgavefordeling – skole og BMM
* Intervensjon: Observasjoner, intervju, analyse, konfronterende samtaler, oppfølging
10
CASE – steg for steg (3)
* AVSLUTNING
* Avslutningsmøte skole og BMM
* Status
* Evaluering av prosess
* DOKUMENTASJON
* Kommunens arkivsystem/elevmappe
11
Positive erfaringer og suksessfaktorer
* Kommunen har en plan for elevenes psykososiale miljø
* Fagdag om mobbing for alle ansatte i skolene med Erlend Moen
* Fagdag om mobbing for alle ansatte i barnehagene med Ingrid Lund
* BMM lagt til ressursteam oppvekst – etablert team, faste representanter
* Forankring hos oppvekstsjefen
* Tverrfaglig sammensatt team
* Faste møtetider for teamet
* Tydelig og avklart mandat
* Prosedyrer
* Veiledning fra MKA
* Kompetanseheving for de som får bistand fra teamet
* Likeverdighet skole – beredskapsteam
* Vel anvendt tid
12
Utfordringer
* For lang respons- og gjennomføringstid
* Skape felles forståelse – "øynene som ser"
* Ansatte i beredskapsteamet har andre arbeidsoppgaver i tillegg
* Avklare foreldreinvolvering i saker meldt fra skole
* Rektor ikke tett nok på fra starten
* Ansatte vil handle/sette inn tiltak raskt
* Erfaring fra få saker så langt
* Uklare kommunikasjonslinjer
13
Evaluering - veien videre?
* Kommunenivået må være rustet til å bistå i læringsmiljøsaker
* Atferdsutfordringer
* Mobbing
Ressursteam
+ Beredskapsteam mot mobbing
= MILJØTEAM??
14
Spørsmål kan rettes til:
Eva Hermann Haugseth, leder i Beredskapsteam mot mobbing
firstname.lastname@example.org
Annette Hermann, miljøterapeut i Beredskapsteam mot mobbing
email@example.com
15
|
<urn:uuid:642d2c7d-6301-4329-aee9-68f0dc36cfd5>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/nob_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
nob_Latn
| 4,282
|
REPUBLIKA HRVATSKA ZADARSKA ŽUPANIJA G R A D Z A D A R Gradonačelnik
KLASA: 612-01/19-01/272
URBROJ: 2198/01-2-20-13
Zadar, 16. listopada 2020.
- GRADSKOM VIJEĆU GRADA ZADRA -
PREDMET:
Prijedlog drugih Izmjena i dopuna Programa javnih potreba u kulturi Grada Zadra za 2020. godinu
NADLEŽNOST ZA DONOŠENJE:
GRADSKO VIJEĆE GRADA ZADRA
PRAVNI TEMELJ: -
Zakon o financiranju javnih potreba u kulturi, članak 1. i 9a. ("Narodne novine", broj: 47/90, 27/93 i 38/09)
- Statut Grada Zadra - članak 27. („Glasnik Grada Zadra" , broj: 9/09, 28/10, 3/13, 9/14, 2/15 - pročišćeni tekst, 3/18, 7/18 - pročišćeni tekst , 15/19 i 2/20)
- Pravilnik o financiranju javnih potreba sredstvima Proračuna Grada Zadra
(„Glasnik Grada Zadra" , broj: 11/19, 1/20 i 9/20)
PREDLAGATELJ:
Gradonačelnik
IZVJESTITELJ:
Pročelnica Dina Bušić, dipl.muzik.
MATERIJAL IZRADIO:
UO za kulturu i šport
Obrazloženje
U Prijedlogu II. Izmjena i dopuna Programa javnih potreba u kulturi Grada Zadra za 2020. godinu proračun Upravnog odjela za kulturu i sport – Odsjek za kulturu smanjuje se za 183.754,00 kn te iznosi 25.267.784,72 kn.
Slijedom navedenoga dostavlja se Gradskom vijeću Prijedlog drugih Izmjena i dopuna Programa javnih potreba u kulturi Grada Zadra za 2020. godinu – na razmatranje i odlučivanje.
GRADONAČELNIK
Branko Dukić, v.r.
Temeljem članka 1. i 9.a Zakona o financiranju javnih potreba u kulturi („Narodne novine", broj 47/09, 27/93 i 38/09), članka 27. Statuta Grada Zadra („Glasnik Grada Zadra", broj: 9/09, 28/10, 3/13, 9/14, 2/15 – pročišćeni tekst, 3/18, 7/18 – pročišćeni tekst, 15/19 i 2/20) i Pravilnika o financiranju javnih potreba sredstvima proračuna Grada Zadra („Glasnik Grada Zadra", broj: 11/19, 1/20 i 9/20), Gradsko vijeće Grada Zadra, na ___ sjednici, održanoj dana __________ 2020. godine, d o n o s i
II. IZMJENE I DOPUNE
PROGRAMA JAVNIH POTREBA U KULTURI GRADA ZADRA ZA 2020. GODINU
I.
Ovim izmjenama i dopunama Program javnih potreba u kulturi Grada Zadra za 2020. godinu, čiji je cilj osiguravanje potrebnih sredstava ustanovama, udrugama i manifestacijama u kulturi, mijenja se unutar pojedinih područja Programa, na sljedeći način:
RAZDJEL: 080 UPRAVNI ODJEL ZA KULTURU I ŠPORT
GLAVA: 080-01 KULTURA
U Glavi 080-01 planirani iznos od 6.121.915,48 kn umanjuje se za 203.400,00 kn te novim planom iznosi 5.918.515,48 kn.
Aktivnost 1037-03 Financiranje javnih potreba u kulturi
Planirana sredstva u iznosu 2.581.500,00 kn umanjuju se za 88.400,00 kn te iznose 2.493.100,00 kn zbog zabrane održavanja kulturnih događanja uzrokovane epidemijom COVID19.
Aktivnost 1037-07 Zaštita, obnova i očuvanje kulturne baštine
Ovim izmjenama i dopunama ova aktivnost se ne mijenja.
Aktivnost 1037-10 Redovno održavanje Kneževe palače
Planirana sredstva u iznosu 611.000,00 kn smanjuju se za 190.000,00 kn te novim planom iznose 421.000,00 kn. Navedeno smanjenje se odnosi na uštedu troškova energije i usluge čuvanja zgrade uzrokovane situacijom pandemije COVID-19 i samog poslovanja.
Tekući projekt 1037-11 Izrada kulturnog brenda i komunikacijske strategije za kulturu Grada Zadra Ovim izmjenama i dopunama ova aktivnost se ne mijenja.
Aktivnost 1037-12 Promidžbene i ostale aktivnosti odjela
Ovim izmjenama i dopunama ova aktivnost se ne mijenja.
Aktivnost 1037-13 Stalna izložba crkvene umjetnosti
Ovim izmjenama i dopunama ova aktivnost se ne mijenja.
Aktivnost 1037-14 Financiranje u kulturi proračunskih korisnika drugih proračuna
Planirana sredstva u iznosu 1.087.415,48 kn povećavaju se za 10.000,00 kn te novim planom iznose 1.097.415,00 kn. Navedeno povećanje se odnosi na povećanje plaće Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti zbog povećanja koeficijenta u iznosu 6,12% koje nije ranije moglo biti predviđeno.
Tekući projekt 1037-15 Providurova palača
Planirana sredstva u iznosu 600.000,00 kn umanjuju se za 25.000,00 kn te novim planom iznose 575.000,00 kn, a navedeno smanjenje se odnosi na intelektualne i osobne usluge.
Aktivnost 1037-16 Manifestacije
Planirana sredstva u iznosu 80.000,00 kn povećavaju se za 90.000,00 kn te novim planom iznose 170.000,00 kn, a navedeno povećanje se pokriva kroz uštedu na aktivnosti financiranja javnih potreba u kulturi koje se nisu realizirale zbog COVID-19, a utrošit će se na troškove manifestacije obilježavanja Dana grada Zadra za 2020. godinu.
Aktivnost1037-17 Umjetničke rezidencije
Ovim izmjenama i dopunama ova aktivnost se ne mijenja.
GLAVA: 080-02 ZNANSTVENA KNJIŽNICA
U Glavi 080-02, planirani iznos od 4.810.854 kn povećava se za 19.646,00kn te novim planom iznosi 4.830.500,00 kn.
Aktivnost 1038-01 Rashodi za zaposlene
Planirana sredstva u iznosu 3.815.500,00 kn umanjuju se za 37.000,00 kn te novim planom iznose 3.778.500,00 kn od čega se umanjuju sredstva za plaće i doprinose za zdravstveno osiguranje zbog epidemiološke situacije uzrokovane korona virusom i propisanih mjera koje su zahtijevale drugačiji raspored rada te navedene okolnosti uzrokovale su i odgodu popunjavanja radnog mjesta na mjesto umirovljenog djelatnika do kraja godine, pa se velik dio uštede odnosi na sredstva koja su za to planirana do se povećanje odnosi na ostale rashode za zaposlene odnosno na povećanje zbog otpremnine djelatnika.
Aktivnost1038-02 Materijalni rashodi
Planirana sredstva u iznosu 635.512,50 kn povećavaju se za 17.000,00 kn te novim planom iznose 652.512,50 kn od čega se dio umanjenih sredstava odnosi na naknade za prijevoz na posao, naknade članovima Upravnog vijeća te premije osiguranja dok se povećanje odnosi na materijalne troškove koji se povećavaju zbog situacije sa pandemijom COVID-19 odnosno nabave sredstava i pojačane brige oko čistoće i higijene te energije zbog nužne nabavke goriva za grijanje.
Aktivnost 1038-03 Knjige i oprema
Planirana sredstva u iznosu 359.841,50 kn povećavaju se za iznos 39.646,00 kn te novim planom iznose 399.487,50 kn. Navedeno povećanje se odnosi na opremu za održavanje i zaštitu odnosno na sudjelovanje u troškovima zamjene kotla i plamenika centralnog grijanja dok je ostatak sredstava osiguran Odlukom Upravnog vijeća ZKZD od 30. siječnja 2020. godine kojom je rezultat poslovanja prethodne godine raspoređen za zamjenu kotla i plamenika centralnog grijanja.
GLAVA: 080-03 GRADSKA KNJIŽNICA
U Glavi 080-03, planirani iznos od 8.473.593,00 kn se ne mijenja te novim planom iznosi 8.473.593,00 kn.
Aktivnost 1038-01 Rashodi za zaposlene
Ovim izmjenama i dopunama ova aktivnost se ne mijenja.
Aktivnost 1038-02 Materijalni rashodi
Ovim izmjenama i dopunama ova aktivnost se ne mijenja.
Aktivnost 1038-03 Knjige i oprema
Ovim izmjenama i dopunama ova aktivnost se ne mijenja.
GLAVA: 080-04 HRVATSKO NARODNO KAZALIŠTE
U Glavi 080-04, planirani iznos od 4.075.739,00 kn se ne mijenja te novim planom iznosi 4.075.739,00 kn.
Aktivnost 1038-01 Rashodi za zaposlene
Ovim izmjenama i dopunama ova aktivnost se ne mijenja.
Aktivnost 1038-02 Materijalni rashodi
Ovim izmjenama i dopunama ova aktivnost se ne mijenja.
Aktivnost 1038-03 Kazališne predstave
Ovim izmjenama i dopunama ova aktivnost se ne mijenja.
Aktivnost 1038-04 Kapitalno ulaganje u HNK Zadar
Ovim izmjenama i dopunama ova aktivnost se ne mijenja.
Aktivnost 1038-05 Financijski rashodi
Ovim izmjenama i dopunama ova aktivnost se ne mijenja.
GLAVA: 080-07 KONCERTNI URED ZADAR
U Glavi 080-07, planirani iznos od 1.969.437,24 kn se ne mijenja te novim planom iznosi 1.969.437,24 kn.
Aktivnost:A1038-01 Rashodi za zaposlene
Ovim izmjenama i dopunama ova aktivnost se ne mijenja.
Aktivnost:A1038-02 Materijalni rashodi
Planirana sredstva u iznosu 527.700,00 kn povećavaju se u iznosu 54.000,00 kn te novim planom iznose 581.700,00 kn, a navedeno povećanje se odnosi na intelektualne usluge, usluge telefona, pošte i prijevoza, računalne usluge te ostale usluge.
Aktivnost:A1038-03 Kapitalna ulaganja
Planirana sredstva u iznosu 8.000,00 kn povećavaju se u iznosu 20.000,00 kn te novim planom iznose 28.000,00 kn, a navedeno povećanje se odnosi na glazbenu opremu zbog nabave instrumenata (bubnjevi) iz razloga što se navedeni instrument unajmljuje na godišnjoj razini više puta, pa su predviđanja da bi se investicija isplatila kroz razdoblje od dvije godine.
Aktivnost: A1038-04 Financijski rashodi
Planirana sredstva u iznosu 7.000,00 kn smanjuju se u iznosu 3.000,00 kn te novim planom iznose 4.000,00 kn, navedena smanjenja se odnose na bankarske usluge i usluge platnog prometa.
Aktivnost: A1038-05 Koncertna sezona
Planirana sredstva u iznosu 660.000,00 kn umanjena su u iznosu 71.000,00 kn te novim planom iznose 589.000,00 kn zbog otkazivanja dijela programa zbog epidemiološke situacije.
II.
Ove Izmjene i dopune Programa javnih potreba u kulturi Grada Zadra za 2020. godinu stupaju na snagu prvog dana od objave u Glasniku Grada Zadra.
KLASA:
URBROJ:
Zadar,
GRADSKO VIJEĆE GRADA ZADRA
PREDSJEDNIK
Zvonimir Vrančić, dr.med.
|
<urn:uuid:3120ac65-eed5-4796-8dcc-9d996a40da4c>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/hrv_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
hrv_Latn
| 8,950
|
La complessa evoluzione dell’interazione tra regolamentazione e gestione
Sessione B: Rischio di credito
Giacomo De Laurentis
Università Bocconi
AGENDA
1. Patrimonializzazione, liquidità e redditività
2. L’orientamento dei modelli di rating
3. Interventi della Sessione B: Rischio di credito
1. Patrimonializzazione, liquidità, redditività
“un’impresa realizza il proprio equilibrio di gestione quando è in grado di conseguire durevolmente nel tempo …. condizioni, che si possono definire di secondo ordine, per l’equilibrio di gestione:
a) l’equilibrio economico…
b) l’equilibrio finanziario…
c) l’equilibrio patrimoniale…”
Il margine di interesse scende
Fonte: Relazioni Annuali della Bdl, vari anni
Una faccia (macro) dell’interazione: dalla (de)regolamentazione alla gestione
IA-IP concorrenza
MINTS Innovazione di prodotto, processo,…
MINTM Cost management
RG Risk management
RO
RL
RN privatizzazioni
email@example.com
2. L’orientamento dei modelli di rating
Orientamento dei modelli
- Observation periods
- Calibration
- Types and weights of Information
1. Il periodo di osservazione nella costruzione dei modelli
Basel II § 414: “Although the time horizon used in PD estimation is one year (as described in paragraph 447), banks are expected to use a longer time horizon in assigning ratings.”
Dati di bilancio - 1 anno
Dati di Centrale dei Rischi - 1.5 mesi
Dati andamentali interni, - 1 giorno
Tempo zero
Periodo di osservazione di 1 anno
Periodo di osservazione di 2 anni
+ 1 anno
+ 2 anni
Tempo
prof. Giacomo De Laurentis
Orizzonte temporale di osservazione (assegnazione) dei modelli delle 11 banche
- **1-12 months**
- Corp.: 7
- SME: 8
- Ret.: 10
- **1-18 months**
- Corp.: 1
- SME: 1
- Ret.: 1
- **1-24 months**
- Corp.: 3
- SME: 2
2. La tipologia delle informazioni incluse nei modelli
«Presenza»
«Ruolo» (Auroc info / Auroc totale)
Caratteristiche:
- Tempestività
- Oggettività
- Potenzialità di anticipare nel tempo la previsione
- Funzionalità all’attività commerciale e di advising
2.4 Il rapporto tra l’AuRoc del modulo andamentale riferito ai dati interni di andamento del rapporto e l’AuRoc del modello complessivo (andamentale+ CR+ bilancio+ altro) è (1 sola risposta per segmento):
- sino al 20%
- tra il 20% e il 25%
- tra il 25% e il 30%
- tra il 30% e il 35%
- tra il 35% e il 40%
- tra il 40% e il 45%
- tra il 45% e il 50%
- tra il 50% e il 55%
- tra il 55% e il 60%
- tra il 60% e il 65%
- tra il 65% e il 70%
- tra il 70% e il 75%
- tra il 75% e il 80%
- tra il 80% e il 85%
- tra il 85% e il 90%
- tra il 90% e il 95%
- oltre il 95%
2.5 Il rapporto tra l’AuRoc del modulo di CR riferito ai dati derivanti dalla Centrale dei Rischi e l’AuRoc del modello complessivo (andamentale+ CR+ bilancio+ altro) è (1 sola risposta per segmento):
- sino al 20%
- tra il 20% e il 25%
- tra il 25% e il 30%
- tra il 30% e il 35%
- tra il 35% e il 40%
- tra il 40% e il 45%
- tra il 45% e il 50%
- tra il 50% e il 55%
- tra il 55% e il 60%
- tra il 60% e il 65%
- tra il 65% e il 70%
- tra il 70% e il 75%
- tra il 75% e il 80%
- tra il 80% e il 85%
- tra il 85% e il 90%
- tra il 90% e il 95%
- oltre il 95%
2.6 Il rapporto tra l’AuRoc del modulo finanziario riferito ai dati di bilancio e l’AuRoc del modello complessivo (andamentale+ CR+ bilancio+ altro) è
- sino al 20%
- tra il 20% e il 25%
- tra il 25% e il 30%
- tra il 30% e il 35%
- tra il 35% e il 40%
- tra il 40% e il 45%
- tra il 45% e il 50%
- tra il 50% e il 55%
- tra il 55% e il 60%
- tra il 60% e il 65%
- tra il 65% e il 70%
- tra il 70% e il 75%
- tra il 75% e il 80%
- tra il 80% e il 85%
- tra il 85% e il 90%
- tra il 90% e il 95%
- oltre il 95%
2.7 Il rapporto tra l’AuRoc del modulo “altro” (riferito ai dati diversi da quelli di bilancio, anadamento interno e centrale dei rischi) e l’AuRoc del modello complessivo (andamentale+ CR+ bilancio+ altro) è (1 sola risposta per segmento):
- sino al 20%
- tra il 20% e il 25%
- tra il 25% e il 30%
- tra il 30% e il 35%
- tra il 35% e il 40%
- tra il 40% e il 45%
- tra il 45% e il 50%
- tra il 50% e il 55%
- tra il 55% e il 60%
- tra il 60% e il 65%
- tra il 65% e il 70%
- tra il 70% e il 75%
- tra il 75% e il 80%
- tra il 80% e il 85%
- tra il 85% e il 90%
- tra il 90% e il 95%
- oltre il 95%
Il ruolo degli override nei sistemi di rating per la concessione/revisione dei fidi
(1 sola risposta possibile)
- No overrides possible
- Overrides possible for peculiar cases
- Overrides may change results within limited notches
- Overrides possible if approved for pre-determined cases
- Overrides possible if approved
- No answer
Corp. | SME | Ret.
-------|------|------
3 | 4 | 10
1 | 1 | 1
3 | 3 | 4
1 | 1 | 1
3 | 2 | 3
3 | 2 | 1
La “pre-visione” del default
- timing
- advising
analisi di bilancio tradizionale
EQUILIBRI FINANZIARI E PATRIMONIALI
SUCCESSO REDDITUALE
CASSA E INDEBITAMENTO
FENOMENI ESTERNI E RISPOSTE COMPETITIVE DEI CONCORRENTI
SISTEMA COMPETITIVO
FORMULA IMPRENDITORIALE
ORGANIZZAZIONE, TECNOLOGIA, …… DELL’IMPRESA
analisi di bilancio moderna
analisi competitiva
Tempestività, oggettività e valore predittivo e commerciale delle informazioni creditizie
| Bassa | Tempestività (elevata frequenza) dell'informazione | Alta |
|-------|--------------------------------------------------|------|
| Bassa | Oggettività dell'informazione | Alta |
| Analisi fondamentale | Analisi andamentale |
|----------------------|---------------------|
| Scenario economico di riferimento | Andamento con il sistema bancario |
| Settore di appartenenza | Andamento del rapporto con la banca |
| Strategie aziendali | Struttura economica e finanziaria |
Alta Capacità di previsione anticipata del default dell'impresa
Alta Funzionalità all'attività commerciale e di advising
Conseguenze sul degree of pitness dei rating
Tassi di permanenza nella classe
- sino al 20%
- tra il 20% e il 25%
- tra il 25% e il 30%
- tra il 30% e il 35%
- tra il 35% e il 40%
- tra il 40% e il 45%
- tra il 45% e il 50%
- tra il 50% e il 55%
- tra il 55% e il 60%
- tra il 60% e il 65%
- tra il 65% e il 70%
- tra il 70% e il 75%
- tra il 75% e il 80%
- tra il 80% e il 85%
- tra il 85% e il 90%
- oltre il 90%
Banche
- Corp.
- SME
- Ret.
Il degree of pitness e la calibrazione dei modelli
| | Migration rates | DR volatility per rating class |
|----------------|-----------------|--------------------------------|
| PIT | High | Low |
| TTC | Low | High |
Esercizio su tassi di default e ratings di S&Ps
- DRp*: PurePIT
- PDp
- PureTTC
Decisioni micro con impatti macro
- Basilea 2, IRB approaches, definizione di default,...
- AQR: effetto disciplina e «vendita» ai clienti o solo ulteriori condizionamenti?
- Segnali di elevato rischio
- DSCR < 1.1
- Debt/EBITDA ≥ 6
- Forbearance and non performing exposure, EBA FINAL draft Implementing Technical Standards On Supervisory reporting on forbearance and non-performing exposures under article 99(4) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, July 2014
- The future of IRB approach, EBA, Discussion paper, March 2015
Attuali usi dei sistemi di rating
1. Credit granting and credit limits
2. Customer relation management
3. Pricing
4. Commercial policy
5. Credit policy
6. Early warning
7. Risk control and reporting
8. Provisions, collective
9. Provisions, individual
10. Provisions for budgeting
11. Economic capital
12. Regulatory capital (first pillar)
13. Regulatory capital (second pillar)
14. Bank branches risk adjusted performance
15. Area risk adjusted performance
16. Divisions risk adjusted performance
17. Personnel incentives
No
Low
Medium
High
Orientamento più PIT o TTC delle 11 banche per la prossima generazione di modelli per PMI
| Banche | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
|--------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|----|----|
| 1. Credit granting and credit limits | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2. Customer relation management | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3. Pricing | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4. Commercial policy | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 5. Credit policy | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 6. Early warning | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 7. Risk control and reporting | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 8. Provisions, collective | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 9. Provisions, individual | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 10. Provisions for budgeting | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 11. Economic capital | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 12. Regulatory capital (first pillar) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 13. Regulatory capital (second pillar) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 14. Bank branches risk adjusted performance | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 15. Area risk adjusted performance | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 16. Divisions risk adjusted performance | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 17. Personnel incentives | | | | | | | | | | | | |
PIT | TTC
3. Interventi della Sessione B: Rischio di credito
1. Data driven credit management
2. Esperienze di vigilanza europea: come cambia il rapporto con i supervisors
3. Il futuro dell’approccio IRB
4. Un modello organizzativo per un approccio industrializzato di Credit Monitoring & Collection
5. Lo stato dei Modelli Interni post CRDIV e SSM: un nuovo inizio?
6. Credit Risk Modeling: nuove sfide dal SSM
7. La calibrazione dei modelli di rating alla luce del nuovo framework di vigilanza europea
1. Andrea Mignanelli, Amministratore Delegato Cerved Credit Management
2. Massimiliano Gasparotto, Chief Risk Officer BMW Bank
3. Silvio Cuneo, Responsabile Servizio Credit Risk Management Intesa Sanpaolo
4. Lino Randazzo, Individuals Remanagement & Restructuring, UniCredit Group
5. Lorenzo Bocchi, Partner Prometeia
6. Giovanni Gandini, Managing Director Accenture Finance & Risk, e Stefano Bonini, Manager Accenture Finance & Risk
7. Fabio Salis, Responsabile Risk Management Banco Popolare
firstname.lastname@example.org
Professore ordinario, Dipartimento di Finanza, Università Bocconi
Direttore della Executive Education Custom Programs Division della SDA Bocconi School of Management
“Rating interni e credit risk management”, G.De Laurentis, Bancaria Editrice, 2001
“Rating interni e controllo del rischio di credito”, G.De Laurentis, F.Saita, A.Sironi (a cura di), Bancaria Editrice, 2004;
“Strategy and Organization of Corporate Banking”, (G. De Laurentis, a cura di), Springer 2005;
“Miti e verità di Basilea2”, (G. De Laurentis S. Caselli), Egea, 2004 (seconda edizione, 2006)
“Il gestore imprese. Creare valore per la banca e il cliente con I sistemi informativi di ruolo”, G. De Laurentis G.Gandolfi (a cura di), Bancaria Editrice, 2008
“I rating a base statistica. Sviluppo, validazione e funzioni d’uso”, G.De Laurentis R.Maino, Bancaria Editrice, 2009
“I rating interni durante e dopo la crisi: rapporti banca-impresa, modelli di business e vincoli regolamentari”, De Laurentis G. Maino R., Bancaria, n.1 2010
“The model risk in credit risk management processes”, De Laurentis G. Gabbi G., in Gregoriu G.N. Hoppe C. Wehn C.S. (a cura di), Model risk evaluation handbook, McGraw Hill, 2010
“Developing, validating and Using Internal ratings”, De Laurentis G. Maino R. Molteni L.Wiley, 2010
“Il finanziamento delle reti d’impresa”, “Contenuto e ruolo dei rating delle PMI”, “I rating delle reti di imprese”, in, Associazione Italiana Politiche Industriali (a cura di), “Reti di impresa. Profili giuridici, finanziamento e rating,” IlSole24Ore 2011
“Il credito alle imprese dopo la crisi. Politiche e strumenti di dialogo banca-impresa: rating, analisi e previsione finanziaria” De Laurentis G., Bancaria Editrice, 2011
Contenuto informativo e performance predittive dei rating di agenzia: le basi del dibattito sulla regolamentazione delle agenzie, in, Principe A. (a cura di), Le agenzie di rating, Quaderni di Giurisprudenza Commerciale, 2014
La gestione del patrimonio immobiliare pubblico, Dalla Longa R. De Laurentis G. (a cura di), Bancaria Editrice, 2014
“La comunicazione ai risparmiatori in tema di rating” De Laurentis G., Bancaria, n.3 2014
|
fcaf270f-d57a-4472-b1ae-3cf0e19858aa
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ita_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
ita_Latn
| 12,602
|
Administration Empfang-Bewohner
1.1.5 Anmeldung Bewohnende/Feriengäste
Alterszentrum Chestenberg, Bruggerstrasse 13, 5103 Wildegg, Tel. 062 200 22 22
firstname.lastname@example.org / www.azch.ch
☐ Vorsorgliche Anmeldung
☐ Dringliche Anmeldung
☐ Ferienaufenthalt von: ____________ bis: ____________
| Personalien |
|-------------|
| Familienname: | Vorname: |
| Geburtsdatum: | Heimatort: |
| Nationalität: | Konfession: |
| Zivilstand: | Versicherten-Nr. 756. ____________ |
| Strasse: | PLZ / Wohnort |
| Schriften deponiert in: | seit: |
| Telefon-Nr./Natel: | E-Mail: |
| Aktueller Aufenthaltsort: |
| Ärztliche Betreuung / Versicherungen |
|-------------------------------------|
| **Hausarzt** |
| Name: |
| Vorname: |
| Strasse: |
| PLZ/Ort: |
| Telefon-Nr. |
| **Versicherungen** |
| Krankenkasse: |
| KK-Nr.: |
| Adresse: |
| Unfallvers. vorhanden ☐ ja ☐ nein |
| Privathaftpflicht vorhanden ☐ ja ☐ nein |
| Eintritt von (zu Hause, KSA, andere Institution etc.): |
| Es besteht ein Vorsorgeauftrag: | ☐ Ja ☐ nein |
| Es besteht eine Patientenverfügung: | ☐ Ja ☐ nein |
## Kontaktpersonen / Angehörige
| 1. Kontaktperson | 2. Kontaktperson |
|------------------|------------------|
| Familiename/Vorname: | Familiename/Vorname: |
| Adresse / PLZ / Ort: | Adresse / PLZ / Ort: |
| Tel.-Nr. / Natel-Nr.: | Tel.-Nr. / Natel-Nr.: |
| E-Mail-Adresse: | E-Mail-Adresse: |
| Art des Bezugsverhältnisses: | Art des Bezugsverhältnisses: |
| 3. Kontaktperson | 4. Kontaktperson |
|------------------|------------------|
| Familiename/Vorname: | Familiename/Vorname: |
| Adresse / PLZ / Ort: | Adresse / PLZ / Ort: |
| Tel.-Nr. / Natel-Nr.: | Tel.-Nr. / Natel-Nr.: |
| E-Mail-Adresse: | E-Mail-Adresse: |
| Art des Bezugsverhältnisses: | Art des Bezugsverhältnisses: |
**Rechnungsempfänger:**
(Name, Vorname, PLZ, Ort, Tel.-Nr.)
Weitere Angaben
Wer darf benachrichtigt werden bei einem frei werdenden Zimmer?
Erhalten Sie bereits Ergänzungsleistungen? □ Ja □ nein
Erhalten Sie bereits Hilflosenentschädigung? □ Ja □ nein
Bemerkungen
Der/die Unterzeichnende nimmt zur Kenntnis, dass bei Eintritt in das APHS ein Pensionsvertrag erstellt wird.
Unterschrift
Angemeldete Person (urteilsfähig)
Ort, Datum Unterschrift
Vertreter des zukünftigen Bewohnenden
Ort, Datum Unterschrift
|
<urn:uuid:982b0322-9225-4daa-ac76-d1204fa1f0ec>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/deu_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
deu_Latn
| 2,291
|
Termin i miejsce
Termin:
piątek, Sierpień 2, 2019 - 21:00 do 23:00
Miejscowość:
Koronowo
Kod pocztowy:
86-010
Nazwa ulicy/alei/placu:
plaża główna w Pieczyskach
Powiat i gmina:
Koronowo
Kategoria wydarzenia:
Muzyka
Opis wydarzenia:
2 sierpnia 2019 r. zapraszamy na plażę główną w Pieczyskach, gdzie odbędą się "Arie na plaży Ryszard Smęda zaprasza", które rozpoczną się o godzinie 21.00. Podczas koncertu wystąpią: ANITA URBAN (mezzosopran) - solistka Teatru Muzycznego w Poznaniu, MIROSŁAW KIN (tenor)- solista Teatru Muzycznego w Poznaniu, MATEUSZ SZWANKOWSKI (klarnet) - muzyk Toruńskiej Orkiestry Symfonicznej, RYSZARD SMĘDA (bas) - solista Opery Nova w Bydgoszczy Koncerty poprowadzą Ryszard Smęda z asystentką Anną Kocent. Artyści wystąpią przy akompaniamencie Trio Bogdana Ciesielskiego Organizatorzy: Burmistrz Koronowa - Patryk Mikołajewski, Ryszard Smęda, Urząd Miejski w Koronowie, Miejsko - Gminny Ośrodek Kultury w Koronowie. Partnerzy: Starostwo Powiatowe w Bydgoszczy, Bank Spółdzielczy w Koronowie, ABRAMCZYK Sp. z o.o., KAFRA Płytki Ceramiczne Ryszard Kamiński, Komunalne Przedsiębiorstwo Energetyki Cieplnej Sp. z o.o., POL-OSTEG Sp. z o.o., Rożen Skansen Stopka, AMW Rewita, Oddział w Pieczyskach, Szkółkarstwo Owocowo-Ozdobne "Niedźwiedź",Gminna Spółdzielnia Samopomoc Chłopska w Koronowie.
Bilety:
Impreza bezpłatna
Organizator wydarzenia:
Gmina Koronowo, MGOK w Koronowie
Zasięg wydarzenia:
impreza o charakterze ogólnopolskim i międzynarodowym
Strona internetowa wydarzenia:
http://www.koronowo.pl [1]
adres strony: http://rejestracja.kujawsko-pomorskie.travel/pl/wydarzenia/arie-na-plazy-ryszard-smeda-zaprasza-3
Odnośniki
[1] http://www.koronowo.pl
|
<urn:uuid:22388fca-e388-41ba-9376-334b39136c95>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/pol_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
pol_Latn
| 1,701
|
Mt. Greylock Regional School District
Ad Hoc Subcommittee on the Superintendent Search AGENDA
DATE: February 2, 2018
TIME: 3:00 PM
LOCATION: Williamstown Elementary School
115 Church St, Williamstown, MA
Main Office Conference Room
|
<urn:uuid:b44e07c4-b675-4dec-872c-3cbd7d42ca0d>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
eng_Latn
| 237
|
FST PRELIMINARY STARTUP CHECKLIST
IMPORTANT DOCUMENT - DO NOT DISCARD
This form must be completed and returned at least two weeks prior to any required Startup date.
*A STARTUP HAS BEEN PURCHASED WITH THIS SYSTEM!
There is also a downloadable form online at https://www.controlledpwr.com/customer-support/service-plans/
This form MUST be completed in order to schedule the STARTUP.
To have the unit startup scheduled, fill in all information below and fax to 1-248-528-3172. It can also be emailed to service@controlledpwr. com. Upon receipt of this form, the contact listed below will be called for scheduling. The startup covers one visit to the site (Monday - Fri day 8:00AM - 5:00PM) with one hour set aside for operator training on the same day. Allow for 2 weeks lead time for scheduling the appointment for startup. For pre-commissioning, the input power supply should be off until the technician approves it as the correct source voltage and verifies that it is hooked up correctly.
N/A Y
N
N/A Y
N
Y N
N/A Y
N
N/A Y
N
N/A Y
N
N/A Y
N
Y
N
Y N
Y N
N/A 5. Have the external battery cabinet terminals been connected to the system connections? (If required)
Y
N
Y
N
1. Model Number of the system.
2. Serial number of the system.
3. The system nameplate matches the site requirements? (Correct I/O Voltages, System VA rating)
4. Are all batteries of the system installed? (If required) (NOTE: DO NOT PLUG IN BATTERY CONNECTOR)
6. Have all the system interconnects been made?
7. All line and load connections for the system have been landed?
8. Will the loads be energized during commissioning?
9. Is there a neutral pulled and connected on the input connections of the system?
10. Is there a ground pulled and connected on the input connections of the system?
11. Is there a ground pulled and connected on battery? (If required)
12. Will a generator back up the utility power supplying the system?
13. If so, will a generator transfer test be performed during the commissioning of the system?
14. Is user training required? If YES, personnel must be on site at time of startup.
15. Are there site training, safety, security, or other issues required before access is granted?
16. If there are any additional items we need to be aware of, please list them below.
Also list PPE required for site entry, Hard Hat, Steel Toe, Glasses, Vest, Etc.
Contact Information - What is the full address,contact name and phone number at the site where the system is being in installed?
Company Name:
Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
Contact Name:
Contact Phone #:
Contact Fax #:
Contact Email Address:
END USER INFORMATION:
Print Name:
Title:
Phone #:
Fax #:
Email:
STARTUP CONTACT INFORMATION:
THIS SHOULD BE THE PERSON RESPONSIBLE FOR FUTURE MAINTENANCE AND
SERVICE OF THE SYSTEM.
Y N
NOTES
By signing this form, I to the best of my knowledge have provided correct information for this startup and I'm aware that there will be additional charges if there is a second visit required due to no fault of the manufacturer.
|
<urn:uuid:d549536a-9713-491c-b36e-b520aa1c40f7>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/eng_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
eng_Latn
| 3,074
|
INFORMAZIONI PERSONALI
Nome
PRESSI LUCA
Indirizzo
N°3 LOCALITÀ CEREOLO 37031 ILLASI VR
Telefono
3481185376
E-mail
email@example.com
Nazionalità
italiano
Data di nascita
27/01/1986
ESPERIENZA LAVORATIVA
• 07/2003-31/12/2010
Tecno Alluminio s.r.l.
Cazzano di Tramigna VR via Costeggiola 37030
Operaio rifinitore
• 01/01/2011-28/04/2016
Azienda Agricola Balestri-Valda
Soave VR via Monti n°44 37038
Viticoltore
• 01/05/2016-...
Azienda Agricola Pressi Roberto
Illasi VR località Cereolo n°3 37031
Coadiuvante agricolo
ISTRUZIONE E FORMAZIONE
• 09/2000-06/2002
C.F.P. Don Calabria
Disegno meccanico; Tecnologia meccanica; Programmazione macchine uten.c.n.; Lavoro meccanico;
conduttore/ costruttore/ di macchine utensili
• 09/2002-06/2003
Istituto Don Calabria
Tecnologia; Disegno; Autocad; Controllo numerico
Addetto alla Programmazione e Conduzione di Macchine Utensili Universali ed a Controllo Numerico ad Indirizzo Stampista
CAPACITÀ E COMPETENZE PERSONALI
Acquisite nel corso della vita e della carriera ma non necessariamente riconosciute da certificati e diplomi ufficiali.
MADRELINGUA
Italiano
ALTRE LINGUA
INGLESE
CAPACITÀ E COMPETENZE RELAZIONALI
Vivere e lavorare con altre persone, in ambiente multiculturale, occupando posti in cui la comunicazione è importante e in situazioni in cui è essenziale lavorare in squadra (ad es. cultura e sport), ecc.
Allenatore calcio
Coordinamento operai in azienda
CAPACITÀ E COMPETENZE ORGANIZZATIVE
Ad es. coordinamento e amministrazione di persone, progetti, bilanci; sul posto di lavoro, in attività di volontariato (ad es. cultura e sport), a casa, ecc.
Allenatore calcio
Coordinamento operai in azienda
CAPACITÀ E COMPETENZE TECNICHE
Con computer, attrezzature specifiche, macchinari, ecc.
Uso computer livello base
Conduttore macchinari agricoli vari
PATENTE O PATENTI
A
B
C
Pagina 2 - Curriculum vitae di [COGNOME, gnome]
|
<urn:uuid:116519e7-222e-4c3f-b729-650befde9dff>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ita_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
ita_Latn
| 1,897
|
Αριθ. Πρωτ. 36271
ΑΘΗΝΑ, 4 Φεβρουαρίου 2021
ΠΡΟΣ:
1. Υπουργό Εργασίας & Κοινωνικών Υποθέσεων κ. Κωστή Χατζηδάκη
2. Υφυπουργό Κοινωνικής Ασφάλισης κ. Παναγιώτη Τσακλόγλου
3. ∆ιοικητή ΕΦΚΑ κ. Χρήστο Χάλαρη
4. Περιφερειακή ∆ιεύθυνση Συντάξεων και Ασφάλισης του Τοµέα Μηχανικών και Εργοληπτών ∆ηµοσίων Έργων του ΕΦΚΑ
ΘΕΜΑ: Αναδροµικές διαγραφές Εργοληπτών από το Μητρώο Μη Μισθωτών του Τοµέα Μηχανικών και Εργοληπτών.
Στις 20/01/2021 ο Πανελλήνιος Σύνδεσµος Τεχνικών Εταιρειών απέστειλε στους :
1. Υπουργό Εργασίας & Κοινωνικών Υποθέσεων κ Κωστή Χατζηδάκη
2. Υφυπουργό Κοινωνικής Ασφάλισης κ. Παναγιώτη Τσακλόγλου
3. ∆ιοικητή ΕΦΚΑ κ. Χρήστο Χάλαρη
επιστολή σχετικά µε τις διαγραφές, αναδροµικά, εργοληπτών από το Μητρώο µη Μισθωτών του Τοµέα Μηχανικών και Εργοληπτών.
Σε συνέχεια του ανωτέρω και µετά από περαιτέρω καταγγελίες εργοληπτών που έχουν διακόψει τη δραστηριότητα τους ως ατοµικές επιχειρήσεις στην ∆ΟΥ, εκτός όλων των άλλων που αναφέρουµε στην από 20/01/2021 επιστολή µας, σας ενηµερώνουµε και για τα παρακάτω:
Οι ανώνυµες τεχνικές εταιρείες οι οποίες αναλαµβάνουν την εκτέλεση ∆ηµοσίων Έργων είναι εγγεγραµµένες στο Μητρώο Εµπειρίας Εργοληπτικών Επιχειρήσεων (Μ.Ε.Ε.Π.) στην Γενική Γραµµατεία Υποδοµών του Υπουργείου Υποδοµών και Μεταφορών, κατατάσσονται δε στις τάξεις Α1, Α2,1 ης έως και 7 ης κατηγορίας.
Η τάξη κατάταξης κάθε εταιρείας και συνεπώς το ύψος του προϋπολογισµού έργων τα οποία αναλαµβάνει εξαρτάται εκτός από την οικονοµική τους δυνατότητα, τον κύκλο εργασιών κλπ. και από τους µηχανικούς, οι οποίοι στελεχώνουν την εταιρεία, και είναι εγγεγραµµένοι στο Μητρώο Εµπειρίας Κατασκευαστών (ΜΕΚ).
Τα µέλη ΜΕΚ κατατάσσονται σε βαθµίδες εµπειρίας ανά κατηγορία έργου. Οι βαθµίδες εµπειρίας στις οποίες είναι δυνατή η κατάταξη των µελών ΜΕΚ είναι: Α, Β, Γ, ∆.
Η συµµετοχή ενός µηχανικού µε βαθµίδα εµπειρίας (ΜΕΚ) στην στελέχωση µιας εταιρείας ανάληψης ∆ηµοσίων Έργων απαιτεί την ενεργή συµµετοχή του στην εταιρεία ως µηχανικό. Παρατίθεται απόσπασµα του Ν. 3669/2008 άρθρο 92 παρ. 5.[Οι εγγεγραµµένοι στο Μ.Ε.Κ. επιτρέπεται να στελεχώνουν µία µόνο εργοληπτική επιχείρηση εγγεγραµµένη στο Μ.Ε.Ε.Π.. Η συµµετοχή τους πρέπει να είναι ενεργός και παρακολουθείται από την υπηρεσία τήρησης του Μ.Ε.Ε.Π.. Η υπηρεσία τήρησης του Μ.Ε.Ε.Π. µπορεί να παραπέµπει τα ανωτέρω στελέχη, των οποίων η συµµετοχή κρίνεται εικονική ή ανεπαρκής, στο αρµόδιο πειθαρχικό όργανο. Η ελάχιστη στελέχωση της επιχείρησης πρέπει να είναι συνεχής καθ΄όλη τη διάρκεια της λειτουργίας της και να αποδεικνύεται µε βεβαίωση ασφάλισης του προσωπικού από τον οικείο ασφαλιστικό φορέα].
Επίσης, σύµφωνα µε τις «Οδηγίες Συµπλήρωσης Αίτησης Εγγραφής ή Αναθεώρησης Οµόρρυθµων, Ετερόρρυθµων, Ι.Κ.Ε., Ε.Π.Ε., Α.Ε. και Ατοµικών Στελεχωµένων Εργοληπτικών Επιχειρήσεων στην 1 η και 2 η Τάξη του Μ.Ε.Ε.Π.» του ΥΠOΜΕ∆Ι για να συµµετάσχει ένας µηχανικός Εργολήπτης ∆ηµοσίων Έργων (ΜΕΚ) στην στελέχωση εταιρείας ανάληψης ∆ηµοσίων Έργων πρέπει να προσκοµίσει (µεταξύ άλλων) και Σύµβαση Μίσθωσης Εργασίας θεωρηµένης από την αρµόδια ∆ΟΥ εφόσον δεν είναι µέλος του ∆.Σ. της εταιρείας (τεκµηρίωση: http://www.ypexd15.gr/Default.aspx?tabid=91 - Οδηγίες Συµπλήρωσης Αίτησης Εγγραφής ή Αναθεώρησης Οµόρρυθµων, Ετερόρρυθµων, Ι.Κ.Ε., Ε.Π.Ε., Α.Ε. και Ατοµικών Στελεχωµένων Εργοληπτικών Επιχειρήσεων στην 1 η και 2 η Τάξη του Μ.Ε.Ε.Π – ∆. ∆ΙΚΑΙΟΛΟΓΗΤΙΚΑ ΣΤΕΛΕΧΩΣΗΣ).
Σύµφωνα µε τα ανωτέρω, µηχανικοί κάτοχοι ΜΕΚ που στελεχώνουν τεχνικές εταιρείες ανάληψης ∆ηµοσίων Έργων εργάζονται ανελλιπώς και ενεργώς ως µηχανικοί στις τεχνικές εταιρείες τις οποίες στελεχώνουν και σε περίπτωση που είναι µέλη ∆.Σ. της εταιρείας δεν απαιτείται να υπογράψουν Σύµβαση Μίσθωσης Εργασίας µε την εταιρεία.
Συνεπώς, το Μητρώο Μη Μισθωτών του Τοµέα Μηχανικών και Εργοληπτών δεν µπορεί να τους διαγράψει αναδροµικά µε την αιτιολογία ότι έχουν διακόψει την δραστηριότητα της ατοµικής τους επιχείρησης στην ∆.Ο.Υ. γιατί συνεχίζουν να παρέχουν τις υπηρεσίες τους ενεργώς ως µηχανικοί.
Στη συντριπτική τους πλειοψηφία οι µηχανικοί που στελεχώνουν µε τα πτυχία τους (ΜΕΚ) τεχνικές εταιρείες ανάληψης ∆ηµοσίων Έργων είναι εταίροι, διαχειριστές και µέλη του ∆.Σ. των εταιρειών, εκτός πιθανώς κάποιων εταιρειών εισηγµένων στο χρηµατιστήριο.
Προτείνουµε να σταµατήσει ο ΕΦΚΑ να προβαίνει αναδροµικώς σε διαγραφές µηχανικών εργοληπτών σύµφωνα µε τα αναφερόµενα ανωτέρω αλλά και σύµφωνα µε την υπ αριθ. 16 16-03-2018 Εγκύκλιο του ΕΦΚΑ και µε το υπ αριθ. πρωτ. ∆15/∆/οικ3376/73/14-02-2018 έγγραφο του Υπουργείου Εργασίας και Κοινωνικής Ασφάλισης.
Με τιµή,
Ο ΠΡΟΕ∆ΡΟΣ
ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΣ ΒΛΑΧΟΣ
Ο ΓΕΝ. ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΕΑΣ
ΑΝ∆ΡΕΑΣ ΓΕΡΑΚΑΚΗΣ
|
<urn:uuid:abf4d166-af33-4774-8773-d536f4dc8925>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ell_Grek/train
|
finepdfs
|
ell_Grek
| 4,569
|
ROMANIA
JUDETUL NEAMT
COMUNA CEAHLAU
TELEFON/FAX 0233258059
email primaria email@example.com
PROCES VERBAL
Selectie dosare de inscriere la concursul de recrutare pentru ocuparea postului vacant
Inspector specialitate gradul I cu studii superioare
In conformitate cu prevederile H.G. NR. 286/2011 modificata si completata prin HG. 1027/2014 pentru modificarea si completarea regulamentului-cadru privind stabilirea principiilor generale de ocupare a unui post vacant a personalului contractual din sectorul bugetar, comisia de examen pentru concursul organizat pentru ocuparea functiei vacante de Inspector specialitategradul I cu studii superioare s-a intrunit si a verificat dosarele candidatilor inscrisi la concurs.
Pentru concurs au fost depuse un numar de trei dosare de inscriere astfel:
1. CURCA CARMEN MIHAELA nr. 5920/29.12.2021
2. SZABO KATALIN nr. 5922/29.12.2021
3. CRENGANIS GEANINA nr. 5957/31.12.2021
Rezultatele verificarii dosarelor de inscriere pentru concursul de Inspector specialitate grad profesional I din data de 10.01.2022 sunt urmatoarele:
| Nr, Crt. | Numele si prenumele | Rezultatul | Observatii |
|---------|------------------------------|------------|-----------------------------|
| 1. | CURCA CARMEN Mihaela | Admis | |
| 2. | SZABO KATALIN | Respins | Specializare management |
| | | | Nu finante contabilitate |
| 3. | CRENGANIS GEANINA | Admis | |
Presedinte- Gheorghe Nicorescu
Membru - Elena Pavaloaia
Membru - Gabriela Pavel
Secretar - Ana Maria Ciucanu
AFISAT IN DATA DE 04.01.2022
|
<urn:uuid:cad527da-62cf-42aa-af8b-e4e1eb5e9716>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/ron_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
ron_Latn
| 1,727
|
KOPEX PAP
PRIMJENA: usis i tlak hladnog i toplog zraka na vozilima, usis nemetalne prašine
UNUTARNJI SLOJ: Kraft papir bež boje
SREDNJI SLOJ: aluminijski lim
VANJSKI SLOJ: Kraft papir crne boje
TEMPERATURA: do 120 °C
| NO | Promjer (m) | Polumjer savijanja (mm) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 25.5 x 29.2 | 45 |
| 32 | 32.0 x 37.0 | 55 |
| 35 | 35.0 x 40.0 | 60 |
| 38 | 38.5 x 43.5 | 65 |
| 40 | 40.0 x 45.0 | 68 |
| 42 | 42.5 x 47.0 | 70 |
| 45 | 45.0 x 50.0 | 75 |
| 48 | 47.5 x 52.0 | 77 |
| 50 | 50.5 x 55.0 | 82 |
| 52 | 51.5 x 56.5 | 85 |
| 53 | 53.0 x 58.0 | 87 |
| 54 | 54.0 x 59.0 | 88 |
| 55 | 55.0 x 60.0 | 90 |
| 60 | 60.0 x 65.0 | 100 |
| 65 | 65.0 x 70.0 | 105 |
| 70 | 70.0 x 75.0 | 115 |
| 75 | 75.0 x 80.0 | 120 |
| 80 | 80.5 x 85.0 | 130 |
|
<urn:uuid:12815503-2317-4bb5-a998-34f4e3a94a4c>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/hrv_Latn/train
|
finepdfs
|
hrv_Latn
| 758
|
НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ
СО район СЕРДИКА
БУЛ. Мария Луиза 88
тел.: 921-80-19, 921-80-48
№ Към РСР22-4088 323 [1]
от 03.06.2022 г. 13:07
РАЗРЕШАВА СЕ НА
„СТРУКТИВО“ ООД с решение № 12-РД-1942-00/27.05.2019 г. за транспортиране на земни маси
/ фирма , Номер на разрешението или регистриращия документ по чл.35 ЗОУ № …../
ВЪЗ ОСНОВА НА ДОГОВОР № 1/30.05.2022г. с „ИНКОЕНТ“ ЕООД
ДА ТРАНСПОРТИРА ОТ ОБЕКТ:
„Жилищна сграда с кота корниз до 10м“, в ПИ с идентификатор 68134.507.5197, УПИ XVII-215, кв.42, м. „Орландовци-Малашевци“, СО район „Сердика“, гр. София, ул. „Локорска“ №22.
ПО МАРШРУТ в съответствие с Наредба за организация на движението на територията на Столична община
ДО СЪОРЪЖЕНИЕ / ПЛОЩАДКА НА
„СОФИНВЕСТ“ ЕООД с Решение № 12-ДО-1342-03/20.12.2016 г. на Директора на РИОСВ - София, гр. София, кв. "Враждебна", Договор Д-VIII-4 /07.01.2022 г. с „СТРУКТИВО“ ООД за депониране на земни маси и строителни отпадъци.
/ фирма , Номер на разрешението или регистриращия документ по чл.35 ЗОУ на оператора на площадката/
КАКТО СЛЕДВА:
| Код | Наименование | Прогнозни количества, м3, тонове |
|-------|-------------------------------|----------------------------------|
| 1 | 170101 бетон | 26,52т |
| 2 | 170102 тухли | 3,65т |
| 3 | 170604 изоляции ерс | 0,19т |
| 4 | 170604 изолац. материали-МВ | 0,072т |
| 5 | 170604 хидро изол. материали | 0,036т |
| 6 | 170107 замазки циминтови | 0,989т |
Код и наименование, съгласно нарежданата по чл.3, ал. 1 ЗОУ
АРХ. АГНЕСА КАСАБОВА
Гл. арх. на СО-район „Сердика“
|
<urn:uuid:8d260fd1-8440-4b9d-b3be-a9cee8c824e9>
|
HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/bul_Cyrl/train
|
finepdfs
|
bul_Cyrl
| 1,766
|
NOVI NASTAVNI PROGRAM NA FAKULTETU KEMIJSKOG INŽENJERSTVA I TEHNOLOGIJE
U raskoraku između zahtjeva međunarodnog tržišta i tehnološkog stanja u industriji treba vrlo brzo i suvilo reagirati. Na tom je planu posebice važna uloga suvremeno školovanih stručnjaka kemijskog inženjerstva koji će moći prihvatiti i razvijati suvremene tehnologije, odnosno ponovno promišljati o tradicionalnim tehnologijama i njihovom unapređivanju.
Treba naglasiti da se danas napredak u tehnici ne postiže samo vještim domišljanjem novih rješenja nego je rezultat ozbiljnih istraživanja i razvoja koja jednako obuhvaćaju znanstvenu teorijsku podlogu i inženjerske metode projektiranja u ostvarivanju novih proizvoda, naprava i sustava. Negativna iskustva iz prošlosti u kojoj je nekritično prihvaćanje pojedinih tehnologija dovelo do dehumanizacije življenja i uništenje životnog okoliša nastoje se danas iskoristiti za odmjerjeni, suzdržani i svestranoc ocijenjen daljnji razvoj. Od diplomiranih kemijskih inženjera se očekuje odgovorno djelovanje u tim novim uvjetima.
Široko područje djelovanja kemijskog inženjerstva neprekidan je poticaj novim raznovrsnim zamislima, a da bi se one ostvarile valja proizvoditi znanja i povezivati ih sa znanjima iz drugih područja pa još bolje razumjeti ponašanje procesa i kemijska, fizika ili biološka načela na kojima se osnivaju.
Povezano s tim i oblikovanje nastavnog programa sveučilišnog studija mora se mijenjati i prilagođavati vremenu da bi se očuvao dostignuti kontinuitet i ostvario daljnji napredak u izobrazbi kemijskih inženjera slijedeći svjetska dostignuća na tom području.
Kao rezultat takvog promišljanja studenti Fakulteta kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije od ak. god. 1996/97. upisuju 4-godišnji studij po novom nastavnom planu i programu kojim stječu diplomu o završenom studiju i naziv diplomirani kemijski inženjer.
Novo osmišljenim studijem Kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije sjecu se znanja bitna za razvoj održivih kemijskih procesa i njihove primjene u proizvodnji, razvoj materijala, procesa posebne namjene te razvoj metoda kontrole kvalitete. Težište je postavljeno na usvajanju koncepcije i metodologije bitne za analizu i izvedbu te definiranje radnih uvjeta prostorjenja i procesa koje rezultira proizvodima željene kvalitete uz uvažavanje kriterija ekonomičnosti i djelotvornosti, pouzdanosti i sigurnosti te zaštite okoliša.
Na osnovi tih odrednica predložen je studij kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije kao jedinstveni studij s tri smjera. Izborom nastavnih sadržaja prilagođenih pojedinom smjeru postiže se stanovito profiliranje koji završni dio studija usmjeruju:
- projektiranju, nadzoru i vođenju ekološki održivih industrijskih procesa,
- razvoju strukturiranih tehnički upotrebljivih i primjenjivih polimernih i anorganskih nemetalnih materijala,
- razvoju alternativnih puteva sinteze i osnvi novih procesa i proizvoda.
U prve tri godine studija zajedničke za sve smjerove stječu se znanja iz temeljnih disciplina (matematika; fizika; kemija), disciplina za pridruženu izobrazbu (elektrotehnika; strojarstvo) te disciplina kemijskog inženjerstva (reakcijsko inženjerstvo; mehanički, toplinski i separacijski procesi; analiza, sinteza i vođenje procesa), dakle discipline koje obuhvaćaju temeljna generička znanja koja su osnova za kontinuirano cjeloživotno učenje inženjera što je neophodna zadaća tijekom profesionalnog rada. Potpora savladavanju gradiva je raspoloživa eksperimentalna i mjerna tehnika uz primjenu računala na svim razinama djelatnosti bez kojih je nezamisliva cjelokupna djelatnost na području kemijskog inženjerstva.
Raznolikost buduće djelatnosti diplomanada Fakulteta kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije vidljiva je kroz ranije spomenuto usmjeravanje u četvrtoj godini studija s nastavom organiziranom u tri smjera i šest modula.
- Inženjerstvo
modul. Naftno-petrokemijsko inženjerstvo
modul. Inženjerstvo u zaštiti okoliša
- Materijali
modul. Polimeri
modul. Silikati
- Procesi i proizvodi
modul. Organski procesi i proizvodi
modul. Anorganski i elektrokenijski procesi i proizvodi
Sadržaji pojedinih smjera razvrstani su u skup tzv. zajedničkih predmeta smjera, predmeta modula i izborne predmete uz uvajavanje zahtjeva za sintezom znanja potrebnih za razvoj održivih procesa odnosno razvoj tvari i materijala uporabnih svojstava.
Zajednički predmeti smjera i predmeti modula obuhvaćaju znanja prilagođena pojedinom smjeru odnosno modulu koja svaki student tog smjera/modula mora stići.
U izbornim predmetima se predaju ili dopunska znanja koja nisu mogla biti razvrstana u obvezne predmete (te omogućavaju daljnje profiliranje) ili su to predmeti koji su obveznuti u drugim smjerovima ili predmeti koji proširuju znanja iz matematike, fizike i drugih disciplina. Stanoviti broj takvih predmeta preuzima se iz drugih sveučilišnih studija. Diplomski rad studenti rade tijekom posljednjeg IX semestra.
UMJESTO ZAKLJUČKA
Već od najranijeg početka razvoja kemijskog inženjerstva neosporna je sposjona interdisciplinarnosti što se intenzivno njegüje i razvija na Fakultetu kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije posebice u području kemije i kemijskog inženjerstva.
Široko obrazovanje i poduka metodologiji analiziranja dijelova uz sagledavanje i uvažavanje cjeline osnova su modernizirane problemski orijentirane nastave temeljene na suvremenim dostignućima znanosti.
Stanka Zrnjević
INA-RAFINERIJA NAFTE SISAK
jučer, danas, sutra
Drevni Sisak (Segestica - Siscia) čudan je i neobičan grad. Od prehistorije do današnjih dana živio je nekom skokovitom povijesnom logikom kao velegrad, selo, tvrđava, selo-grad, grad-selo i opet grad. Radao se iz pepela i ruševina, uvijek vitalan i prodroran. Jučer lučko, tranzitno, trgovačko mjesto, danas grad nafte, čelika, el. energije, grad bedem na kojem su slomili zube i novojevski barbari s istoka.
Gotovo istom logikom razvijala se i naftna industrija u Sisku. Po nekoj sinusoidi bilježila je svoje zvjezdane trenutke ali isto tako i padove. Sadašnjost je, nažalost, u silaznom dijelu sinusoidnog vala.
Što će donijeti budućnost u ovom času nije u potpunosti jasno ali budimo optimisti i vjerujmo da će biti ljudske snage i pameti da se trenutne teškoće prevladaju i krene uzlaznom linijom makar i pod nešto blažim nagibom.
Nastajanje industrije nafte u Sisku započelo je još 1921. kada je koncern Royal Dutch Shell a potom Anglo Jugoslavensko društvo D.D. iz Zagreba izgradilo instalaciju Caprag (počela s radom 1922). Zahvaljujući dobro odabranoj lokaciji desne obale rijeke Kupe, plovnost rijeke Save od Siska, blizina željezničke stanice Caprag i cestovna povezanost s velikim potrošačkim centrima ta se instalacije stalno širila i povećavala skladišni prostor.
Stvorena osnova te zabrana uvoza gotovih derivata utjecala je na vlasnike da pristupe izgradnji preradbenih postrojenja.
Kotlovska baterija primarne destilacije puštena je u rad 1927. i od tada u Sisku počinje prerada nafte. Ta se godine smatra i rođendanom rafinerije pa iduće godine RNS slavi svoj sedamdeseti rođendan.
**INA - Rafinerija nafte u prošlosti**
- **1927.**
- Kao filijala Shellovog koncerna počinje s radom kotlovska baterija kapaciteta 60.000 - 70.000 t/g. Ukupan broj zaposlenih bio je 102.
- Za upravitelja postavljen je inž. kemije Walter Fischer. U naredne dvije godine t.j. do 1930.:
- **1930.**
- dolazi do proširenja rafinerijskih postrojenja i ostalih pratećih objekata. Kapacitet primarne prerade povećan je na 85000 t/g. Izgrađeno je postrojenje za rafinaciju petroleja i rafinaciju ulja.
- Osnovan Shell sportski klub sa sekcijama za tenis, boće, zimske sportove, turizam, odbojku, nogomet i kuglanje.
- **1940.**
- U rafineriji se prvi put preraduje domaća nafta iz Moslavackog bazena. Do tada se preradivala samo uvozna nafta iz Rumunjske.
- **1944.**
- Rafinerijska postrojenja, instalacije i skladišni prostor bombardirana dva puta (14.06. i 1.07.) od strane savezničkog zrakoplovstva. Oštećenja su bila velika tako da je rafinerija praktički prestala sa radom.
- **1945.**
- započinje obnova i izgradnja rafinerije te krajem 1945. rafinerija daje prve proizvode.
- **1954.**
- U redovan pogon puštena su dva nova postrojenja. Cijevna destilacija kapaciteta 200 t/d i rafinacija benzina i petroleja.
- Počinje izgradnja novog rezervoarskog prostora.
- **1956.**
- Pušteno u rad kombinirano postrojenje I (KP-1). Postrojenje je bilo tehnološki vjoma-moderno koncipirano i predstavljalo je vrhunski domet u tadašnjoj tehnologiji prerade nafte. S tim postrojenjem RNS izlazi na tržište s motornim benzinom od 93 oktana "Super plavi 93".
To postrojenje vrlo uspješno su vodili i unapredivali njegov rad dipl.inž. (navedeni abecednim redom) R. Budeč, A. Gorjenović, P. Husnjak, I. Ivaniši, E. Knežević, A. Mošić, F. Reščec, M. Šeler, J. Širola.
- **1957.**
- Izgrađen je novi objekt kontrolno-analitičkog i istraživačkog laboratorija kao preteča funkcije razvoja. Svoj doprinos u razvoju analitičkih metoda i praćenju svjetskih dostignuća od te davne 1957. pa do danas dali su J. Širola, dr. B. Prohaska, K. Krajner, N.Lenac-Lukačević, D. Grubišić-Kovačić, M. Macut, M. Šeler, M. Zambelli, N. Ugarković, D. Letić (pok), M. Jednacak, I. Billege, B. Pastuović, V. Rajšli, Z. Posavec, S. Krizmanić, N. Žuk, J. Barić, D. Tomljenović, M. Stančić i dr.
- **1964.**
- pušteno u rad kombinirano postrojenje II (KP-2) katalitički reforming (Platforming) u kojem je na najbolji način valorizirana nafte posavsko-moslavackog bazena
- RNS prva u zemlji preradila milion tona nafte u jednoj godini i istovremeno počela proizvoditi benzin s najvećim brojem oktana - "Superior 98" od izgradnje pa do današnjih dana to postrojenje su vodili dipl. inž. kem. teh.: R. Budeč, B. Šutić, F. Paro, A. Gribl, Z. Buzina, Đ. Letić (pok), M. Muza, Ž. Vuković, M. Klobučar, M. Purgar.
- od 1. siječnja počinje zajedničko poslovanje Rafinerije nafte "Boris Kidrič" Rijeka, Rafinerija nafte Sisak i "Naftapljin" Zagreb pod novim "Kombinat nafte i plina", koji se te godine mijenja u "INA" - Industrija nafte Zagreb.
- **1967.**
- Pušteno u rad kombinirano postrojenje IV (KP-4) (koking) koje iz ostataka atmosferske destilacije proizvodi prvi petrol koks u zemlji.
- U gradnji i kasnije vođenju sudjelovali su dipl. inž. kem. teh.: F. Paro, I. Meza (pok), S. Ropar, A. Bobetko, S. Miljić, Ž. Vidović, I. Bublić.
- **1971.**
- Pušteno u rad kombinirano postrojenje V (KP-5) Katalitički reforming (Platforming) četiri puta većeg
INA-Rafinerija nafte Sisak 60-tih
kapaciteta od KP-2. Na ovom postrojenju u njegovom dugogodišnjem radu izmijenili su se slijedeći dipl.inž; A. Gribi, B. Vlahović (pok), M. Gladulić, I. Billega, Z. Mojsinović, N. Rajšli, D. Relić, D. Šmit, N. Božiković, S. Milić.
1974.
Pušten u pogon uređaj za mehaničku, kemijsku i biološku obradu rafinerijskih procesnih i oborinskih otpadnih voda a 1975. i peć za spaljivanje biološkog mulja.
To je bio prvi takav uređaj izgrađen u tadašnjoj državi. Time je nastavljena briga o zaštiti okoliša o kojoj je vodeno računa i u samim počecima izgradnje rafinerije. U izgradnji i puštanju u rad te kasnijem radu svoj doprinos su dali i inž. kem. tehnologije: G. Krakar i J. Barić.
1979.
Pušteno u rad kombinirano postrojenje VI (KP-6). S primarnim kapacitetom dva puta većim od KP-5, vakum destilacijom te postrojenjem za fluid katalitičko kreiranje i postrojenjem za puhanje bitumenu. U izgradnji, kretanju i kasnije u rad tog kompleksa radili su: Đ. Letić (pok), K. Butković, B. Pastuović, M. Gašparić, M. Đukić, Ž. Čulig, D. Lončar.
1982.
Pušten u rad aromatski kompleks, koji je rafineriju Sisak svrstao u red proizvođača baznih petrokemikalija. U izgradnji, puštanju u pogon i današnjem radu sudjelovali su i još sudjeluju slijedeći dipl. inž. kem. teh; J. Kožić, I. Krznarić, J. Moše, Z. Zoretić, K. Uzelac, Ž. Petrac, I Toth i dr.
Veliki doprinos u realizaciji zadnjeg investicijskog ciklusa dao je M. Rosandić najprije u svojstvu Tehničkog direktora a potom kao direktor rafinerije.
U rafineriji Sisak se u djelatnosti razvoja nekad Službi razvoja a danas Sektoru razvoja, više od 20 godina radi na razvoju proizvoda. Iz tog razloga osnovani su laboratoriji za ispitivanje primjenjskih i fizikalnih karakteristika kako komponenata za proizvode tako i gotovih proizvoda za tržište. Za djelatnosti u ovom području zaslužni su slijedeći dipl. inž. kem. teh.; B. Prohaska, I. Milinović, D. Grubješić Kovačić, G. Prohaska, Z. Posavec, M. Pavelić, M. Zaić, M. Sekulić, V. Rajšli, A. Krizmanić, M. Kašljević, L. Hrmić, M. Božiković, E. Pastuović, I. Santrač i dr.
U odjelu za tehnološki razvoj radi se na izradi razvojnih programa, programa za optimalnu valorizaciju nafte te unapređenju rada procesa i optimiranju korištenja energetskih medija. Na ovim poslovima radili su i rade: M. Šeler, N. Lenac Lukačević, A. Gribi, A. Meleš, I. Billega, B. Pastuović, M. Kolak, B. Čavrek, Lj. Bjelanović, Z. Bogelić, Z. Buzina, S. Krizmanić, I. Ciprić, N. Kukić i dr.
1990.
Od 1. listopada INA je organizirana kao javno poduzeće u vlasništvu Republike Hrvatske
1991. do 1995.
Srboćetnička soldateska napala artiljerijom iz obližnje Petrinje grad Sisak, a specijalno postrojenja Rafinerije nafte. Preko pet stotina djelatnika RNS srpske nacionalnosti napustilo rafineriju (a među njima i desetak naših kolega s Tehn. fakulteta) i velika većina se pridružila četničkim hordama i sudjelovala u razaranju svoje "hraniteljice".
Zadnji napad rafinerija je doživjela lanske godine u 8. mjesecu za vrijeme akcije Oluja.
Za sve vrijeme ratne opasnosti djelatnici RNS na svim razinama su uz maksimalno i nesobično osobno zalaganje uspijevali održavati rafineriju u radnim uvjetima. Rafinerija praktički u cijelom ovom periodu nije davala proizvode samo 3-4 mjeseca.
Istovremeno je preko 500 djelatnika bilo angažirano kroz razne vidove aktivno u obranu domovine.
Danas kada je ratna opasnost minula stručne snage su maksimalno angažirane u završetak započete sanacije i modernizacije skladišno manipulativnog prostora i definiranju budućeg razvoja proizvodnih procesa.
Branko Pastuović
RAFINERIJA U DOMOVINSKOM RATU
Kao po pravilu, rafinerije naftne uvijek napadaju na kraju rata. Međutim, u ratu protiv Hrvatske Srbi su od samog početka RNS napadali teškom artiljerijom iz neposredne blizine. Nekoliko je stotina granata bilo palo na područje rafinerije uzrokujući velika oštećenja i razaranja.
Prvi od 33 napada desio se 2. rujna 1991. Do kraja godine bilo je 24 požara od kojih 8 katastrofalnih. Rafinerijska vatrogasna jedinica uz pomoć vatrogasnih ekipa Zagreba, Kutine i Siska pokazala je da se i u uvjetima najžešćih artiljerijskih napada može uspješno uspostaviti sustav zaštite od požara. Sve osobe koje su učestovale u borbi s vatrenom stihijom pokazale su besprimjernu hrabrost, odlučnost i spremnost da zaštite rafinerijske instalacije čak i po cijenu vlastitih života. Utvrđeno je da su brzina i djelotvornost gašenja požara bili iznad teoretskih normativa. To se pripisuje sljedećim činjenicama;
- brzo odvajanje opožarenih zona od ostalih rafinerijskih instalacija,
- brzo djelovanje ekipiranih i taktički obučenih protupožarnih jedinica,
- sustavni pristup sigurnosti postrojenja,
- vođenje akcija s jednog mjesta korištenjem informacijskog sustava i traženjem pomoći izvana,
- prelaženje granice straha i prkos koji se javlja u ljudi koji su napadani bez mogućnosti uzvraćanja istom mjerom.
Za uspješnost i nesebičnu požrtvovnost vatrogasna jedinica RNS odlikovana je od predsjednika RH dr. F. Tudmana. Najveća razaranja pretrpjeli su sklopovi uređaja za doradu i manipulaciju, gdje su oštećena ili uništena 42 skladišna spremnika, uništeno dvije bumpaonice, uništeno oko 16 km cjevovoda s armaturama, cijevnim mostovima, kanalima i propustima. Znatno je oštećen cjelokupni sustav daljinskog upravljanja instalacijama, središnji sustav daljinskog mjerenja razina i temperatura u skladišnim spremnicima te električna napajanja, razvod električne energije i signalni kabelski sustavi. Oštećen je i uređaj za obradu otpadnih voda, a oko 95.000 t sirovina i njenih proizvoda spaljeno je ili iscurilo u rijeku Savu s dalekosežnim posljedicama po okoliš.
Izravna materijalna šteta procijenjena je na 161 milijun USD, što predstavlja najveću pojedinacnu materijalnu štetu u domovinskom ratu.
Po prestanku topničkih napada RNS je krenula u intenzivnu obnovu razorenih instalacija i pripremu realizacije razvojnih programa kojima će dugoročnije zadovoljiti potrebe domaćeg i svjetskog tržišta, biti konkurentna kvalitetom i udovoljiti svim zahtjevima međunarodnih normi.
J. Bilgež, M. Jednažak, N. Dupor, I. Pavlenić i J. Barić
PRIKAZ POSLOVNOG SUSTAVA RAFINERIJE NAFTE SISAK
Rafinerija nafte Sisak sastavni je dio javnog poduzeća INA Industrija nafte, s potpunom odgovornošću, Zagreb. Od osnutka rafinerije pa do današnji kapacitet primarne prerade porastao je od 50 000 t/g na 6 700 000 t/g. Osnovna djelatnost je proizvodnja svih vrsta goriva, petrol koksa i aromatskih proizvoda.
U razvoju INA Rafinirije nafte Sisak bilo je prisutno nekoliko značajnih perioda:
- osnivanje 1927. godine,
- intenzivna obnova i rekonstrukcija 1945 - 1955,
- kontinuirana izgradnja 1955 - 1972,
- intenzivna izgradnja uz značajno povećanje primarnih i sekundarnih kapaciteta prerade nafte 1974 - 1980.
Za cijelokupni razvoj rafinerije od posebnog je značaja njena kontinentalna lokacija uz plavni voden put i željezničko čvorište, te izvori domaća nafte koji su otkriveni najprije u Posavsko-podravskom, a zatim i Slavonskom bazenu. Jadranski naftovod dodatno osigurava dopremu uvozne nafte do rafinerije a time i kontinuiranu preradu u rafinerijskim postrojenjima. Danas se nafta preradi u primarnim i sekundarnim jedinicama kombiniranih postrojenja KP-1/3, KP-2, KP-4, KP-5 i KP-6.
Primarne kapacitete predstavljaju tri postrojenja za atmosfersku destilaciju:
- atmosferska destilacija KP-2, 700 000 t/g, početak rada 1964.
- atmosferska destilacija KP-5, 2 000 000 t/g, početak rada 1971.
- atmosferska destilacija KP-6, 4 000 000 t/g, početak rada 1979.
Sekundarna postrojenja predstavljaju postrojenja za proizvodnju visokoooktanskih komponenata (platformata i krek benzina) za proizvodnju motornih benzina kao i postrojenja za dublju preradu nafte i proizvodnju dizelskih goriva, petrol koksa bitumena te aromatskih proizvoda.
Ovakvo koncipirana rafinerija s tri nivoa primarne prerade osigurava fleksibilnost, koja se i u uvjetima domovinskog rata pokazala od izuzetnog značaja jer je bila moguća prerada samo domaća nafte dopremljene Naftaplinovim naftovodom Stružec-Sisak, iz obližnjih naftnih polja.
Asortiman goriva koji je sastavni dio proizvodnog programa Rafinirije nafte Sisak je sljedeći:
- ukapljeni naftni plin,
- motorni benzin s olovom 98 oktanski,
- bezolovni motorni benzin 91 oktanski,
- bezolovni motorni benzin 95 oktanski,
- petrolej,
- gorivo za mlazne motore,
- dizelska goriva: D-1, D-2,
- loživo ulje za domaćinstvo ekstra lako (LEL),
- loživa ulja; lako te srednje i teško s dva nivoa sadržaja sumpora.
Postrojenje za proizvodnju specijalnih benzina-otapala osigurava nekoliko tipova niskoaromatskih otapala.
Postrojenje za oksidaciju bitumena omogućuje proizvodnju nekoliko tipova bitumena.
Na koking postrojenju proizvodila su se tri tipa petrol koksa; premium i regular kalcinirani koks te zeleni petrol koks. Danas je u programu proizvodnja, regular kalciniranog i zelenog petrol koksa.
Postrojenje za proizvodnju aromatskih proizvoda "Aromatski kompleks", obuhvaća grupu procesnih i pomoćnih postrojenja, u kojima se iz debutaniziranog benzina katalitičkog reforminga (platformata) proizvode aromatski ugljikovodici.
Na postrojenju se kao glavni proizvodi odvajaju: benzen, paraksilen i ortoksilen.
Veći iscrpak paraksilena i ortoksilena postiže se kada se uz platformat sisačke rafinerije osigura i dodatna sirovina, m- i p-ksileni iz Rafinirije nafte Rijeka.
Osiguranje kvalitete u preradi nafte i proizvodnji naftnih proizvoda posebna je zadaća stručnjaka rafinerije. Propisane norme kvalitete za goriva, danas postavljaju sve veće zahtjeve pred rafinariju. Europske rafinerije već su prošle nužnu fazu prilagodavanja tržištu u novim uvjetima. Danas Rafinirija nafte Sisak može proizvesti ograničene količine motornih benzina i dizelskih goriva kvalitete za izvoz zahvaljujući prvenstveno kvaliteti domaća nafte. Međutim, u budućnosti će se kvaliteta proizvoda i konkurentnost na stranom tržištu moći osigurati jedino izgradnjom postrojenja za:
- proizvodnju visokoooktanskih komponenata za motorne bezolovne benzine,
- hidrodesulfurizaciju dizelskih goriva,
- FCC plinskih ulja (izgradnja novog ili rekonstrukcija postojećeg),
- blending benzina,
- blending dizelskih goriva,
- blending loživih ulja.
Rafinirija nafte Sisak ostvaruje svoje ciljeve unutar javnog poduzeća INA Industrija nafte sa sjedištem u Zagrebu, a oni su: orijentacija na tržišno privredivanje, osiguranje razine suvremenog razvoja i profitabilno poslovanje. Postojeći planovi razvoja rafinerije obuhvaćaju ove ciljeve i potrebno je maksimalno se zaloziti da se počne sa ostvarivanjima istih.
Ljerka Bjelanović
RASPORED KOLOKVIJA ZA JESEN 1996. GODINE
7.10.1996. Nikola Blažević (IREKS-AROMA)
Što su mirisi?
4.11.1996. Damir Popović (Slovenjgradec)
ISSO 9000 u Sloveniji
2.12.1996. Stjepan Leaković (INA Petrokemija, Kutina)
Gospodarenje vodama u kemijskoj industriji
Predavanja se održavaju u velikoj predavaonici, Marulićev trg 20 s početkom u 13 sati. Nakon predavanja od najviše jednog sata slijedi diskusija.
Pozivamo vas da predložite predavanje s vašeg radnog mjesta kako bi nas upoznali s novostima u zajedničkoj struci.
Voditelj kolokvija:
Štefica Cerjan-Stefanović
PLANINARSKO - IZLETNIČKA SEKCIJA
Detaljnog izvještaja Planinarske sekcije nije bilo u našem Glasniku od siječnja ove godine pa su sigurno naši članovi znatijeljni koja brda i doline su osvajali članovi naše Sekcije. Bili smo dosta aktivni i organizirali smo sedam izleta, a u prosjeku je bilo prisutno po trideset članova.
Novogodišnji praznici i vremenske (ne)prilike učinili su svoje pa u siječnju nismo organizirali izlet. To smo nadoknadili u lipnju kada smo bili na tri izleta.
U veljači smo se uputili u Samoborsko gorje-Okić. Iako je u Samoboru po malo snježilo na Okiću nas je dočekalo zimsko sunce i duboki snijeg (preko 0,5 m). Nakon uspona na stari grad Okić nakon povratka u planinarski dom prijao je topli obrok. Da ugodaj bude potpun pobrinuli su se naši zboraši i članovi zbora "Nafta plina", koji su nam se priključili na osvajanju Okića.
U ožujku smo se uputili u inozemstvo. Nakon dobrih priprema izvidanja terena, organizirali smo izlet na Boč kod Rogaške Slatine. Interes je bio velik i okupilo nas se 40.
Par kilometara od Rogaške Slatine, od sela Gornja Kostrivnica, počeli smo uspon na Boč (visina kao naše Sljeme). Za cca 2 sata laganog hoda stižemo do lijepo uređenog planinarskog doma na Boču. Zadnjih 500 m dočekao nas snijeg, a na samom vrhu na odašiljaču Boč, magla i led.
Nakon ručka (do tada najbolji planinarski smeši gulaš) grupa odvažnih uspela se na odašiljač, a ostali su razgledali obližnju kapelicu i panoramu Boča. Na povratku posjetili smo Rogašku Slatinu i nakon osvježenja uputili se prema Zagrebu.
U travnju smo ponovo u Samoborskom gorju. Vrio strmom stazom iz Brestovja kojom još nismo planinarili "osvajamo" Oštrc. Na početku uspona bilo je gundanja o izboru staze i tražio se voda puta. Uz male zastoje svi smo (a bilo nas je 25) uspješno savladali sve prepreke i stigli do planinarskog doma.
Na proljetnom suncu uz punе stolove domaćih specijaliteta zaboravilo se na strminu staze i nakon kratkog odmora krenili smo prema Velikom dolu.
Na Velikom dolu okupili su se djelatnici i studenti PMF-a u povodu 120 godina Matematike i Prirodoslovija na Zagrebačkom Sveučilištu. Pridružujemo se slavlju uz čaščenje planinarskim grahom. Slijedi pozdrav i čestitka predsjednika našeg Društva a prije povratka naši zboraši su prikazali (pokazali) jedan mali dio svog bogatog repertoara. Bilo je kratko i veselo!
Preko Palačnika vraćamo se za Samobor. Uz put na Palačnik "razgledali" smo domaće kleti i interesirali se o prošlogodišnjoj berbi te još veseliji
spustili u Samobor. Po običaju uzbuđljiv dan i sva događanja rezimirali smo uz samoborske krempite.
Nakon prošlogodišnjeg vrlo uspješnog izleta u Gorski Kotar-Kamačnik i obećanja našem prijatelju iz Ravne Gore Anti Breljaku da ćemo ponovo doći u Gorski Kotar, u svibnju smo to i realizirali. Ponovo pun autobus (40 članova sekcije), prekrasan sunčan dan i krećemo preko Karlova i nakon kratkog odmora u Severin na Kupi stižemo do prve "kontrolne" točke u Ravnu Goru. Dočekao nas je Anto Breljak koji je bio vodič po stazama Ravnogorskog planinarskog puta. Ponovo nas je oduševio Gorski Kotar. Uživali smo u tim rascvetalim livadama i proplancima Ravne Gore, Javorove kose, odakle se pružaju pogledi na Bjelolasicu.
Nakon odmora i ručka u Ravnoj Gori nastavili smo put autobusom preko Mrkopija i Begova Razdolja. Dobar gulaš i vožnja autobusom učinili su svoje. Pola autobusa utonulo je u popodnevni počinak. Trajalo je vrlo kratko jer smo ubrzo napustili autobus i nastavili planinariti. Put je vodio preko Jančarice (razgledali smo dom na 1105 m) i spustili se na Matić poljanu. Nakon 1,5 sat stigli smo u planinarski dom na Tuku. Osježli smo se i preko Ravne Gore, gdje smo se oprostili od našeg domaćina Ante Breljaka, nastavili put za Zagreb.
Na kraju ovog pregleda dolazi vrlo uspješan lipanj. Prvi izlet na Kleku carstvo vještica. Opet pun autobus (40 članova) jer su izgleda mnogi htjeli zamijeniti dotrajale metle. Preko Karlova, Duge Rese i Generalskog stola, stižemo do Ogulina, a ubrzo i do podnožja Kleka, gdje u selu Bjelsko ostavljamo autobus i slijedi uspon na Klek. Veća grupa ostala je kod doma na visini od 1000 m a 15 odvahnih članova osvaja vrh Kleka 1200 m.
Na povratku ponovo prolazimo kroz Ogulin i 3 km od Ogulina na jezeru Sabljaci nakon obilatog ručka uživamo u prekrasnom ambijentu okolnih visova i jezera. Ubzro slijedi povratak za Zagreb. Vožnja do Zagreba bez odmora kako bi muški dio sekcije stigao na utakmicu (možda bi bolje bilo da smo ostali u Sabljacima).
Za tjedan dana iza Kleka dobili smo poziv od Medimurskih planinara na otvorenje staze oko Štrigove. U nedjelju je osvanuo kišni i tmuran dan. Ipak šest članova sekcije zagorskim cugom zaputilo se za Čakovec. Doček u Čakovcu, odmor uz kavu u Štrigovi i obilazak djela staze sve je bilo bezpriječkorno organizirano, ali se odvijalo u mokrom ambijentu. Zbog kiše sve je skraćeno, ali smo ljubeznim domaćinima obećali druženje na jesen.
I na kraju dolazi šećer!
Treći izlet u lipnju okružili smo VELEBITOM. Na poziv Društva farmaceuta Zagreb, dvanaest članova naše sekcije pridružilo se farmaceutima i bili su uspješna izvidnica za organizaciju našeg izleta na Velebit u mjesecu rujnu. Bilo je dosta naporno (1 dan) ali vrlo interesantno. Pošto je većina iz naše sekcije bila prvi put na Velebitu, ostali smo oduševljeni. Ne znaš šta je ljepše! Pogled sa Velikog Zavižana, koji seže do pučine mora, Velebitski botanički vrt ili pogled sa Vučjakca. Tako su članovi naše sekcije dosegli taj planinarski trofej. Osvojili smo dio Velebita. Nešto sami, a nešto s autobusima ali ipak "zigovi su v žepu-dnevniku" i dokaz da smo bili na Velebitu.
Pred nama su godišnji odmori. Želim svim članovima Društva a posebno planinarima, da ugodno proveđu svoje odmore, a na jesen se ponovo vidimo na planinarskim druženjima.
Okvirni plan izleta za razdoblje rujan-prosinac 1996.godine:
Rujan- Velebit (dva dana) ili Voloderske jeseni
Listopad- Ivanščica ili Kuna Gora
Studen- Samoborsko Gorje
Prosinac - Medvednica
Srdčan pozdrav
Emir Hodžić
LIKOVNA SEKCIJA
Članovi Likovne sekcije završili su svoje druženje do jeseni slikajući u prirodi.
U dosadašnjem trogodišnjem radu likovni je tečaj pod vodstvom prof.A. Fornbachera završila prva skupina članova sekcije. Rezultati njihova rada prikazani su ove godine na trećoj redovnoj godišnjoj izložbi u Galeriji AMACIZ, kao i na izložbi u organizaciji prof.A.Bauera u Galeriji Slavija Loyd. Tečaj će uskoro završiti i druga skupina novijih članova sekcije. Njihovi radovi će uz radove starijih članova sekcije biti prikazani na redovnoj godišnjoj izložbi slijedeće godine.
Tijekom slijedeće godine ne planira se početak novog tečaja. Pod vodstvom prof. A. Forenbachera Sekcija će u rujnu 1996. g. nastaviti s radom prema jedinstvenom programu za sve članove.
Zahvaljujući velikom entuzijazmu Š. Cerjan-Stefanović, B. Borovnjak-Zlatarić i M. Tkalčeca u Galeriji AMACIZ je od osnutka održano 16 izložbi. Troškovi održavanja izložbi su reducirani i odnose se samo na fotokopiranje plakata dok ostale troškove snose autori. Autori ostavljaju po jednu sliku Fakultetu, te je tako ostvarena lijepa zbirka slika.
Izložbe se najavljuju u tisku, na radiju i televiziji a o nekim izložbama (O. Reisinger, M. Berović) na televiziji su objavljeni i prilozi. Rad Društva, Likovne sekcije i Galerije je u kračem prilogu 29.06.1996. prezentiran i na Radio Sijeljenu.
Od grada Zagreba nije dobivena zatražena financijska pomoć za rad Likovne sekcije i Galerije u 1996.g., te rad i ove godine financira Društvo.
Ove godine u Galeriji su izlagali Marin Berović, naš kolega iz Ljubljane, Boris Kugler, student Akademije likovnih umjetnosti u Zagrebu i Gordana Karlović, kolegica iz Plive, a održana je i tradicionalna skupna izložba.
U daljnjem radu planira se održavanje do pet izložbi godišnje. Ove godine planiraju se još izložbe Zdenke Pozaić (17.10.) i Branka Vujanovića (19.12.), akademskih slikara, te izložba in memoriam članici sekcije Aileen Martinović (15.11.).
Otvaranje svake izložbe prilika je za ugodno druženje, posebno uz pjesmu naših kolega iz pjevačkog zbora. Ova obavijest je ujedno i poziva na otvaranje, a vrijeme otvaranja je kao obično u 18 sati.
Iz rada Akademskog zbora "Chemicae ingeniariae alumni"
GLAZBENO PROLJEĆE NAŠIH PJEVAČA
Kao što je bilo i najavljeno, jubilarni koncert kojim je obilježeno prvih pet godina djelovanja našeg zbora održan je 30. ožujka u dvorani Hrvatskog glazbenog zavoda. O tom je koncertu u prošlom broju Glasnika iz "Vjesnika" prenesena vrlo pohvalna kritika gdje Višnje Požgaj.
Ubrzo nakon toga uslijedili su XIX. Proletni susreti zagrebačkih glazbenih amatera, također u HGZ-u. Naš je zbor nastupio 4. travnja 1996. i izveo četiri zahtjevne kompozicije: Odi et amo (C. Orff), Quando corpus (G. Rossini), Protuletje (M. Kolarića) i Pozdravljenje budi (T. Uhlik). U ovoj je sklapi solistica bila gda Mira Zidaric-Oreškovic, mezzo sopran. U vrlo velikoj konkurenciji (više od trideset zborova) prosudbena komisija u sastavu prof. D. Fio, prof. S. Rainis i prof. B. Starc preporučila je naš zbor, uz još pet zborova, da zastupa Zagreb na 29. Susretima pjevačkih zborova u Osijeku. Uz čestitku zboru i dirigentu na uspješnom radu i entuzijazmu prosudbena komisija navela je i sljedeće:
Zbor je čvrstog i dobrog zvuka sa izrazitom homogenosti. Interpretacije su muzikalne, lijepo frazirane, sa unutarnjim intenzitetom i širokim dinamičkim dijapazonom... Osjeća se sveukupna angažiranost pjevača i želja za lijepeim i dobrim muziciranjem. Očit je ozbiljan pristup radu. Postoji jasna komunikacija između dirigenta i pjevača...
Program je raznolik, zahtjevan i atraktivan i ne predstavlja nikakav problem za zbor. Izvedba je bila vrlo dobra i uzorna za amaterski zbor.
Nakon ovako laskavih riječi posve je jasno da smo s puno volje "izbrusili" naš repertoar za
Osijek, gdje je od 7. do 9. lipnja održan 29. Susret hrvatskih pjevačkih zborova. Ovogodišnji je susret održan povodom 800 godina imena grada Osijeka i povodom 120 godina djelovanja pjevačkog društva "Lipa" iz Osijeka, a u organizaciji Hrvatskog sabora kulture, Županije Osječko-baranjske i Grada Osijeka.
Nastupila su ukupno 22 zbara, svaki s programom od 15-20 minuta. Naš je zbor nastupio u subotu 8. lipnja poslije podne i izveo četiri skladbe: "Pozdravljeni budi" T. Uhlika, "Quando corpus" G. Rossinia, "Jesenske noći" J.Š. Slavenskog i "Protuletje" M. Kolarića. U prvoj je skladbi i ovom prigodom nastupila solistica gda Mira Zidarić Orešković, mezzo sopran. Članovi zbora, solistica i dirigent bili su vrlo angažirani i nadahnuti tijekom izvedbe, što je rezultiralo zadovoljstvom publike, pjevača, dirigenta i stručne komisije.
Slijedećeg prijepodneva, u nedjelju 9. lipnja, naš je zbor održao prigodni koncert u osječkoj Kapucinskoj crkvi, koja je smještena u samom centru grada. Na programu smo imali Ave Maria (J. Arcadelt), Choral (J.S. Bach), Agnus Dei (S. Horvat), Odi et amo (C. Orff), Stabat Mater (Z. Kodaly), More moje (za zbor D. Fio) i Za Hrvatsku (A. Canjuga). Bilo je zadovoljstvo pjevati u lijepom ambijentu ove barokne crkve pred pričineno brojnom publikom.
Nastup na 29. Susretu hrvatskih pjevačkih zborova u Osijeku pamtit ćemo po glazbenom uspjehu, po neuobičajenoj lipanskoj vrućini, po kvaru autobusa, te po manjim organizatorskim neuskladenostima, koje nisu mogle bitnije promijeniti opći pozitivan dojam cijele priredbe. Velik dio organizacije s uspjehom je provelo HPD "Lipa", kojem smo se posebno zahvalili prigodnim poklonom.
Na povratku za Zagreb zaustavili smo se u Đakovu, gdje smo razgledali poznatu Strossmayerovu katedralu. Pod dojmom ljepote ove neoromaničke katedrale iskušali smo i njenu akustiku i spontano zapjevali "Ave Maria" J. Arcadelta.
U srpnju smo krenuli na zasluzeni godišnji odmor i zakazali prvu jesensku probu za ponedjeljak 2. rujna. Za novu glazbenu sezonu zbor priprema niz većih i manjih nastupa, o čemu ćemo vas izvjestiti u narednim brojevima Glasnika.
Kruno Kovačević
SPORTSKA SEKCIJA
9. SPORTSKI SUSRETI AMACIZ-a Proljeće '96
21. i 22. lipnja 1996.
Tradicionalni proljetni Sportski susreti su i ove godine u malom nogometu i tenisu održani na sportskim terenima Teniskog kluba CHROMOS, a u stolinom tenisu u Sportskoj dvorani u Bleiwesovoj ul. 28.
Sudjelovalo je preko šezdeset sportaša i u odnosu na prijašnje Susrete znatno veći broj navijačica i navijača što je dalo još veću draž Susretima. Organizacija natjecanja je bila zavidna, a pokazalo se da se Sportski susreti održavaju na sve višoj razini.
MALI NOGOMET
Po treći put zaredom ekipa PLIVE osvaja prvo mjesto. Igraju vrlo organizirano, racionalno i uspješno. Čestitamo.
Ekipa CHROMOS-a je pokazala da zna igrati i na asfaltu, a ne samo na parketu, te osvojila drugo mjesto.
Treće mjesto osvojila je ekipa INA-KUTINA, a pristupom natjecanju najavila i sam vrh.
Grupa "A"
PLIVA - FKIT (studenti) 6 : 1
INA KUTINA - FKIT (studenti) 1 : 2
INA KUTINA - PLIVA 2 : 1
Grupa "B"
FKIT - CHROMOS 2 : 2
FKIT - VJEČNI STUDENTI 0 : 1
CHROMOS - VJEČNI STUDENTI 1 : 0
FINALE:
PLIVA - CHROMOS 3 : 1
PLIVA: Mario Horvat, Branko Stuburić, Stjepan Mutak, Miro Malešević, Josip Lokobauer, Ivan Herceg, Dragan Kožul, Ivica Blažić.
CHROMOS: Branko Liplin, Željko Kašaj, Boris Vrenko, Darko Lipšinović, Željko Vincentić, Damir Rukavina, Damir Kosovec, Damir Markić.
Strijelci: 1 : 0 Kožul (9'), 1 : 1 Markić (14'), 2 : 1 Herceg (24'), 3 : 1 Stuburić (28')
Sudac: Zlatko Ivančić
Konačni redoslijed:
1. PLIVA
2. CHROMOS
3. INA KUTINA
TENIS
Muškarci:
U svom trećem pokušaju, nakon osvojenog drugog i trećeg mjesta na prethodnim Susretima, Ljudevit Vadjon je potpuno zasluzeno osvojio prvo mjesto.
Četvrtfinale:
Krešimir Popović - Željko Vincentić 6 : 0
Stojan Trajkov - Ante Čehić 1 : 6
Miodrag Samardija -
w. o.
Željko Brebrić - Ljudevit Vadjon 1 : 6
Polufinale:
Krešimir Popović - Ante Čehić 7 : 9
Miodrag Samardija - Ljudevit Vadjon 1 : 9
Za treće mjesto:
Krešimir Popović - Miodrag Samardija 9 : 10 (7)
Finale:
Ljudevit Vadjon - Ante Čehić 9 : 3
Konačni redoslijed:
1. Ljudevit Vadjon
2. Ante Čehić
3. Miodrag Samardija
Muški - utješno:
1. Željko Brebrić
2. Željko Vincentić
3. Stojan Trajkov
Mješoviti parovi:
1. Vedrana Vukmir - Stojan Trajkov
2. Ljiljana Kos-Hebrang - Željko Brebrić
STOLNI TENIS
Prekinuta je dominacija Borisa Perhača. Nakon vrlo izjednačenih i neizvjesnih susreta prvo mjesto je zasluženo osvojio Mirko Koščec, koji je u međusobnim susretima s direktnim suparnicima Perhačom i Futaćom imao najbolji skor.
Mirko Koščec - Željko Brebrić 2 : 0
Đuro Futać - Boris Perhač 0 : 2
Antun Glasnović - Željko Brebrić 2 : 1
Mirko Koščec - Boris Perhač 2 : 0
Đuro Futać - Antun Glasnović 2 : 1
Boris Perhač - Željko Brebrić 2 : 1
Mirko Koščec - Antun Glasnović 2 : 0
Đuro Futać - Željko Brebrić 2 : 0
Boris Perhač - Antun Glasnović 2 : 0
Đuro Futać - Mirko Koščec 2 : 1
Konačni redoslijed:
1. Mirko Koščec
2. Boris Perhač
3. Đuro Futać
Novost!
Ove godine je organiziran i neslužbeni turnir u streljaštvu (zračna puška), te je na temelju interesa i sklonosti naših članova tom sportu zaključeno da se po mogućnosti i ta sportska disciplina uvede u službeni dio natjecanja.
STOLNOTENIŠKA LIGA SOKAZ-a
Naše se dvije ekipe i dalje uspješno natječu u Stolnoteniskoj ligi koju organizira Stolnoteniska organizacija klubova i aktiva Zagreba (SOKAZ).
Prva ekipa AMACIZ I (Antun i Frančesko Glasnović i Boris Perhač) osvojila je ponovno četvrto mjesto u vrlo kvalitetnoj 4. ligi. Druga ekipa AMACIZ II (Nikica Sišul, Zlatko Ivančić, Nikola Bosančić, Ivan Krešić i Snježana Gazafi!) nakon brzog napredovanja od 9. do 6. lige, ove sezone ostaje u 6. ligi, jer je osvojila 9. mjesto. Interesano je da u ovoj ekipi od proljeća nastupa i jedna dama, nekad prvoglaška igračica Snježana Gazafi.
Naš član Društva, igrač prve ekipe i višestruki pobjednik na Sportskim susretima i veteranskim prvenstvima Hrvatske, Boris Perhač, sudjelovao je na Svjetskom prvenstvu za veterane (Lillihamer, 24. do 30. lipanj 1996.) i u konkurenciji muških parova dospio do najboljih šesnaest (osmina finala). Čestitamo!
Pročelnik Sportske sekcije
Antun Glasnović
RAFINERIJA NAFTE SISAK
TRADICIONALNO VRHUNSKA KAVOĆA!
PROIZVODI INA-Rafinerija nafte Sisak:
- Ukapljeni naftni plin
- Niskoaromatski specijalni benzini
- Motorni benzin (MB 98, BMB 95, BMB 91)
- Petrolej
- Gorivo za mlazne motore
- Dizelska goriva (D-1, D-2)
- Loživo ulje za domaćinstva ekstra lako(LEL)
- Loživa ulja (lako, srednje, teško-visoko i nisko sumpor)
- Bitumen
- Naftni koks (zeleni, kalcinirani, fikcijski karbis)
- Aromatski ugljikovodici (Benzen, o-ksilen, p-ksilen)
KAKVOĆU GARANTIRAMO MI, O SIGURNOJ VOŽNJI ODLUČUJETE VI!
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de fundo entre as disputas e ações ativas e passivas dos agentes que fazem o CAPSi funcionar é que suas ações interferem nas vivências de crianças e adolescentes e daqueles que com esses convivem, levando a necessidade de atenção e reflexão e novas abordagens sobre a temática. Assim, o objetivo geral deste trabalho é suscitar questionamentos e debates que considerem ações institucionais entremeadas por campos que se interferem e impõe formas de agir, lidar, compreender e administrar.
TIPO DE PARTO EM SERVIÇOS PÚBLICO E PRIVADO, ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, 2013
Mirna Namie Okamura / Okamura, MN / Filantropia Hospital Sirio Libanês; Dárlinton Barbosa Feres Carvalho / Carvalho, D.B.F. / Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei - UFSJ;
Hoje há preconização de um parto humanizado e natural. Reconhecendo esse tema como relevante o objetivo foi conhecer diferenças e complementariedade das informações disponibilizadas tantos de serviços públicos como privados. Metodologia: Estudo ecológico. Comparamos as informações de três fontes de dados: SINASC (Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos), AIH (Autorização de Internação Hospitalar) e CIHA (Comunicação de Informações Hospitalares e Ambulatoriais). Foram selecionados dados do ano de 2013 do Estado de São Paulo. O SINAC foi o marcador, isso é, foi selecionado o último ano com os dados disponibilizados - 2013. Consideramos duas fontes complementares de dados de atendimento e produção, a dos serviços públicos pelas AIH, selecionados os internados com procedimento SUS de parto: 310010039, 310010047, 310010055, 411010026, 411010034 e 411010042. Para o CIHA foram selecionados os procedimentos: 310010047, 411010026, 411010034, 411010042. Limites dos estudos: a internação foi contada apenas uma vez, independente de gemelariedade; observamos que alguns municípios com serviços públicos não apresentaram dados de produção para esses procedimentos, nem todos os serviços privados/filantrópicos apresentam a CIHA, apesar de ser regulamentado pela Portaria 1.171 de 2011. Resultados: Pelo SINASC foram 612.329 nascidos em 2013 no Estado de São Paulo. Foram apresentadas 332.265 AIH de parto (54,3%) e apresentadas no CIHA 104.836 (17,1%), sendo que não temos informações 28,3%. Para a AIH foram realizados 56,5% de parto normal e 43,5% de cesárea. No CIHA foram apresentados como 9,9% parto normal e 90,1% de cesárea. Conclusão: As informações do CIHA podem ser um bom indicador para acompanhamento do tipo de parto que vem sendo realizados pelos serviços privados/filantropia. Fontes de dados: SINASC - http://www2.datasus.gov.br/DATASUS/index.php?area=0205 AIH - http://www2.datasus.gov.br/DATASUS/index.php?area=0202 CIHA - http://ciha.datasus.gov.br/CIHA/index.php?area=06
VIVENCIANDO O AMAQ – NASF NA ESTRATÉGIA DO APOIO
Mawusi Ramos / Ramos, Mawusi / Secretaria Municipal de São Bernardo do Campo; Eliana Barbosa Pereira / Pereira, E.B. / Ministério da Educação, MEC, Brasil; Francini Bianca Domingues Gamba / Gamba, F.B.D. / Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Bernardo do Campo; Rebeca Peres dos Santos Francisco e Silva / Silva, R.P.S.F. / Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Bernardo do Campo; Rita de Cassia Lazoski Araújo / Araújo, R.C.L. / FMABC - Faculdade de Medicina do ABC; Vania Barbosa do Nascimento / Nascimento, V.B. / FMABC - Faculdade de Medicina do ABC;
Caracterização do Problema: Criado em 2008 e regulamentado pela Portaria n°2488, de 28 de outubro de 2011, o NASF configura-se como equipes multiprofissionais que atuam integradas com as equipes de Atenção Básica realizando discussões de casos clínicos, atendimento compartilhado entre profissionais, construção conjunta de projetos terapêuticos de forma que amplia e qualifica as intervenções no território e na saúde de grupos populacionais. As atuações também podem ser intersetoriais, com foco na prevenção e promoção da saúde. O município de São Bernardo do Campo adotou a estratégia de apoiadores de rede de saúde que dentre as suas atividades desempenham também as atribuições do NASF. O diferencial se dá pela peculiaridade de o APOIO poder atuar como NASF entretanto ter as suas ações pautadas predominantemente no apoio institucional, articulando os diversos pontos da rede de saúde. Descrição do Problema: Como parte do o Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qua-
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Epsom and Ewell FC caught Knapping?
5 November 2023
Epsom & Ewell 0-4 Knaphill. Combined Counties League – Premier Division. Saturday 4th November 2023. We have been unfortunate to come up against arguably the best two teams in the League in consecutive weeks and we appear to have been soundly beaten by both if you look solely at the score lines. However, as with last week's defeat at Farnham, we gave as good as we got for large periods of this game, only to fall apart in a ten minute spell at the end of the match, when the visitors scored three times to complete a 4-0 victory over our boys.
Now, all who read these reports will know that I'm honest with my summaries, even when we are poor, and it might sound like a broken record here, but we have actually played quite well in our last two matches. However, the two teams we have faced just had more quality than we do currently and whilst we are now a lot more competitive and will fancy our chances of survival this year, these two results will not define our season.
In a match that was in my opinion excellently officiated, with exception of a penalty shout towards the end that was never likely to be given, due to the referee allowing the game to flow instead of blowing the whistle every few seconds, we made a few changes to our starting eleven. In came Nick Inwugwu and Ash Snadden at the back, while further forward Luke Miller came in for his first start since returning to our club in a more central role than where we used to see him play a couple of seasons back while Sirak Negassi earned another start on the left wing after playing well from the bench last week. We then had to make a final change after Ollie Thompson tweaked his knee in the warm up and it was decided not to risk things; Reece Tierney coming in for him, although Thompson remained as a named player on the bench.
The opening ten minutes of the match were very much in favour of the confident visitors who had been unfortunate to pick up just the one point in Jersey the Saturday before and an early chance was headed over the bar before they took the lead in the 11th minute when a ball into the right hand channel was then set up into the stride of Calvin Camara running across the edge of the penalty area and he guided a low left footed shot beyond Harvey Keogh into the far corner to open the scoring.
The crowd of 98, boosted largely by the postponements of other local matches is definitely a positive advertisement for having an artificial surface. However, one of the negatives appears to be that we just cannot go ninety minutes on this surface without picking up at least one injury and this time, following a corner, Zach Powell went down after twisting his lower leg as he landed and he required treatment, although was unable to continue, so Thompson Adeyemi joined the action and it appeared as though Keogh took the Captain's armband on. If our keeper was Captain, it would represent one of our youngest ever players to hold the position.
The remaining twenty minutes of the half was very even, although it was apparent that the visitors were very solid at the back and we rarely threatened to break through. Inwugwu made a good run on the right and reached the touchline, but his cross was parried away by Jos Barker and we went in at the break, just the one goal down, but very much in the match still.
The first item of note in the second half came when the referee had to stop play to take issue with one of our substitutes, George Owusu, who was warming up perfectly normally on the touchline. However, his fluorescent yellow top was clashing with that of the Knaphill team and he was asked to remove it!
The game continued in a similar pattern to that of the first half with both teams cancelling each other out in midfield. Rory Edwards and Adeyemi were both heavily involved, but we were unable to find that pass through to our front men. In the 69th minute a deep Knaphill corner was met with a towering downward header at the far post but Keogh did really well to keep the ball out. However, the visitors were getting closer and they had a goal disallowed for offside just four minutes later before putting another header over the bar from a good position. Then Keogh was down low to make another good save from close range as Camara threatened a second goal.
However, it wasn't until the 80th minute when the man of the match got involved. Joining the action as a substitute Spencer Whitfield received a clever slide rule pass inside Inwugwu, which he ran onto and cut back before clipping the ball past Keogh into the far corner from 12 yards to give Knaphill that two goal cushion.
And with the result no longer in doubt, the visitors really turned it on. Keogh had to make another low save to turn the shot around the post. Owusu had by now been introduced although Ethan Nelson-Roberts' good work on the left was wasted a little when Owusu sent the shot high and wide. Then in the 88th minute we gave the ball away in midfield and Knaphill broke on the left, sending a sweeping delivery across goal to Stacey Thripp at the far post and his delivery was bundled in by Whitfield from close range. Moments later Edwards tumbled in the area, and whilst we have seen penalties given before, you knew it wouldn't be given today and we allowed the visitors to break where Whitfield then completed his hat trick at which point the substitute was then promptly subbed off again!
In summary, we competed well for all but the first ten and the last ten minutes of this match, but against the top teams in this division we need to accept we are still a fair way short and the upcoming match at Imperial Fields against Tooting & Mitcham United will provide a much better guide of where we are likely to finish this season.
Epsom & Ewell: Harvey Keogh, Nick Inwugwu, Ethan NelsonRoberts, Ash Snadden, Zach Powell (c), Reece Tierney, Luke Miller, Rory Edwards, Ade Batula, Jaan Stanley, Sirak Negassi
Subs: Thompson Adeyemi for Powell (25), George Owusu for Negassi (55), Tino Carpene for Batula (70), Marlon Pinder for Miller (84)
Report Source: www.eefconline.co.uk
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СТРАТЕГИЯ ЗА ВОДЕНО ОТ ОБЩНОСТИТЕ МЕСТНО РАЗВИТИЕ, 2014 – 2020 (РЕЗЮМЕ)
Сдружение „Местна инициативна група СТАМБОЛОВО – КЪРДЖАЛИ 54“
Февруари, 2017 г.
| СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ И СТРУКТУРА НА СТРАТЕГИЯ ЗА ВОМР |
|------------------------------------------|
| 1. Описание на МИГ: |
| 1.1. Данни за общините и населените места, които попадат в територията на МИГ: |
| - списък на общините, обхванати от МИГ; | Община Стамболово и община Кърджали (54 населени места) |
| - списък на населените места, обхванати от МИГ; |
- Община Стамболово (всички 26 населени места):
с. Балкан, с. Бял кладенец, с. Воденци, с. Войводенец, с. Гледка, с. Голобрадово, с. Голям извор, с. Долно Ботево, с. Долно поле, с. Долно Черковище, с. Жълти бряг, с. Зимовина, с. Кладенец, с. Кралево, с. Лясковец, с. Маджари, с. Мальк извор, с. Поповец, с. Пчелари, с. Пътниково, с. Рабово, с. Светослав, с. Силен, с. Стамболово, с. Тънково и с. Царева поляна.
- Община Кърджали (54 от общо 118 населени места):
Башино, Бели пласт, Болярци, Бяла поляна, Бялка, Висока поляна, Гняздово, Горна крепост, Гъсково, Добриново, Долище, Долна крепост, Иванци, Жинзифово, Звиница, Зимзелен, Звезделина, Звезден, Калоянци, Кокиче, Конево, Крин, Люляково, Майсторово, Миладиново, Мост, Мургово, Мъдрец, Невестино, Орешница, Панчево, Перперек, Повет, Пропаст, Рудина, Ранилист, Седловина, Сестринско, Скалище, Соколяне, Страхил войвода, Стремово, Стремци, Сватбаре, Солище, Скърбино, Сипей, Татково, Три могили, Черешница, Черньовци, Чифлик, Широко поле и Ястреб. |
| - брой жители на териториите обхванати от МИГ; | Населението на територията на „МИГ Стамболово – Кърджали 54“ към 31.12.2016 г. по данни на НСИ е общо 19 321 души. От тях 5 805 живеят на територията на община Стамболово. Населението, живеещо в 54-те села на община Кърджали наброява 13 516 жители. |
1.2. Карта на територията:
2. Описание на процеса на участие на обществота в разработване на стратегията
2.1. Описание на процеса - проведени срещи, семинари, конференции, обучения и обществени обсъждания:
Процесът на разработване на СВОМР, премина в съответствие с предварително планираните и одобрени дейности в рамките на подмярката за подготовка. Всички дейности са успешно изпълнени, осигурена е необходимата информираност и публичност, посредством публикации в регионални медии, сайта на МИГ и активното участие на въвлечениите в местното партньорство участници. Опечатани и разпространи са поредица от брошури и дипляни, описващи използваните подходи и практики за разработване на СВОМР. Въвличането на местните заинтересовани групи, представляващи трите основни сектора на територията в процеса на разработване на Стратегията се постигна посредством поредица от информационни и работни срещи, конференции, обучения на екипа на МИГ и местни лидери и публични обсъждания.
2.2. Групи/сектори заинтересовани лица, участвали в разработване на стратегията:
Процесът на разработване на стратегията премина при голям интерес. Територията прилага за първи път подходи като ЛИДЕР и ВОМР и местните заинтересовани страни участваха с желание и интерес във всички публични събития. В проведените общо двадесет и две публични събития участваха общо 345 участници (виж приложени списъци с участници), представители на всичките осем идентифицирани групи заинтересовани страни (100%) на територията на двете общини. Най-активно участие взеха представителите на местната власт (кметове на общини и населени места, общински съветници, общински служители от общините Стамболово и Кърджали), представители и дейци от културната сфера (читалища), представителите на фирми от сферата на услугите, земеделски производители. Етническите малцинства, които доминират на територията...
на МИГ, участваха активно в целия процес на обсъждане и разработване на СВОМР. В разработването на стратегията участие взеха и представители на идентифицираните уязвими групи – възрастни хора и хора с увреждания.
3. Описание на ситуацията в района към момента на кандидатстване:
3.1. Анализ на нуждите и потенциала за развитие на територията:
Териториите, включени в ареала на „МИГ Стамболово – Кърджали 54“ имат непрекъсната географска връзка помежду си. В територията на МИГ са включени всичките 26 населени места на община Стамболово и 54-те от селата от община Кърджали, които граничат с община Стамболово. Територията на МИГ е разположена в югозападната част на ЮЦР.
Със своята лимитираща функция природо-ресурсният потенциал на територията е предопределил отрасловата специализация на промишленото и селскостопанско производство, а в социален аспект се е отразил върху териториалното разпределение на човешките ресурси и качеството на живота в отделните части на територията. От гледна точка на климатичните характеристики за селскостопанското производство, на територията на МИГ има добри условия за развитие на лозарството и зеленчукопроизводството, както и добри условия за отглеждането на почти всички селскостопански култури. Поречието на река Арда с нейните местообитания са от особено значение за опазването на биоразнообразието на Източните Родопи. Многобройните местни растителни и животински видове, имащи консервационна значимост, са свързани с поречието на реката, с нейните притоци и влажните зони, които те образуват. Разнообразният релеф, съчетан с различните климатични влияния от континента и Средиземноморието, обуславят района на Източни Родопи като един от най-богатите на биоразнообразие в Европа. Част от Източните Родопи се намира на територията на „МИГ Стамболово-Кърджали“.
Демографските проблеми и тенденции вдемографската картина на територията на МИГ за двете общини са идентични. Като цяло те не се отличават от тенденциите, валидни за селските райони в страната. Най-общо те могат да бъдат характеризирани като: застаряващо население, миграция на младите хора към райони с по-благоприятни условия за живот и трудова реализация, ниска заетост, сравнително висока безработица, понижен икономически статус, който е резултат от липсата на публични и частни инвестиции и перспективни местни производства.
Населените места на територията са предимно малки (от 200 до 1000 жители) и много малки (до 200 жители). Много малките села на територията на МИГ са 39 и там живее 20,66% от населението на територията. Общо в малките населени места (41 на брой) на територията на МИГ живее 79,34% от населението на цялата територия. Населението на „МИГ Стамболово – Кърджали 54“ живее изцяло в селата. Гъстотата на населението на територията е 34,58 души на км.кв. Етническата карта на територията е пъстра. С най-голяма численост е турската етническа група. Българската етническа група е втората по големина на територията, но бележи лек спад (2,8%) за периода 2001–2011. От останалите етнически групи, представителите на ромската общност са единствените, при които нарастването на относителния дял е свързан и с увеличение на абсолютния размер.
Качеството на средата за обитаване е един от важните проблеми на територията. Необходими са усилия и интервенции за неговото подобряване. На по-голямата част от територията липсват или
са в лошо състояние и местата за прекарване на свободното време, като общински паркове, градини и площадки на открито. В по-голямата част от населените места паркове и градинки рядко се изграждат и трудно се поддържат от страна на общините. Необходими са целенасочени действия за облагородяване на подобен род инфраструктура и подобряване облика на населените места, което от своя страна значително ще повиши привлекателността на района като място за живееене и отдих.
Икономически територията на МИГ е слабо развита. През последните 8 години се регистрира спад на производството, свиват се пазарите и се повишава безработицата. Посочените негативни фактори водят до икономически дисбаланси и оказват влияние и върху стопанския профил на територията.
За да се развиват повечето отрасли на промишлеността, е необходима техническа инфраструктура, квалифицирана работна сила, суровини, подходящи природни, природно-климатични условия и предприемчивост. В региона се развиват производства, свързани със строителство, шивашко производство, дървообработка, производство на млечни и месни продукти, производство и бутилиране на вино, производство на хляб и хлебни изделия, консервиране на зеленчуци, търговия и др. Селското стопанство като цяло е стратегически отрасъл за територията и е от ключово значение за запазване на поминъка на населението и на традициите на територията на МИГ.
3.2. Идентифицирани групи от заинтересовани лица на територията на МИГ:
| Сектор | Заинтересовани страни | Сфери |
|--------|-----------------------|-------|
| Публичен сектор | Местна власт: Общинска администрация, Общински съвет, кметове и кметски наместници | Благоустрояване и комунална дейност |
| | Училища и детски градини | Образование |
| Неправителствен сектор | Културни институции (читалища) | Култура |
| | НПО от различен характер | Спорт, Религия, Образование, Социални дейности, Туризъм, Екология |
| Стопански сектор | Промишлени фирми: шивашко производство, преработващи, строителство и др. | Промишленост и строителство |
| | Земеделски производители, фирми занимаващи се със селско стопанство и кооперации | Земеделие |
| | Фирми – туризъм, ресторантърство и хотелиерство | Туризъм |
| | Фирми – търговия и услуги, включително самоосигуряващи се лица | Търговия и услуги |
3.3. Анализ на силните и слабите страни, възможностите и заплахите:
SWOT анализът на територията е разработен с активното участие на представители на трите сектора: публичен, стопански и НПО. Резултатът от анализа на силните и слабите страни, възможностите и заплахите (SWOT) за развитието на територията на МИГ се характеризира със
следните стойности/оценки: силни страни (5.72), слаби страни (5.94), възможности (6.0), а величината на заплахите е (6.6).
Изводите при този метод се изчисляват на база на броя и тежестта на елементите на силните и слабите страни, възможностите и заплахите. В случая имаме повече слаби страни при преобладаващ брой на заплахите. Това означава, че е необходимо формулирането и изпълнението на защитна стратегия. Стратегията трябва да допълва съществуващите елементи, да не се насочва към нови области и да е с ограничена диверсификация, т.е. необходимо е да се фокусира върху обозрим брой проекти, чието изпълнение е сигурно. На основа на изброените предпоставки, можем да позиционираме стратегията на засилването на следните силни страни: природни условия и културно наследство за развитие на туризъм; развита културна инфраструктура, включително по отношение на местни занаяти и фолклор; изградена транспортна инфраструктура до всички населени места; наличие на свободен сграден фонд, подходящ за използване за производствени дейности; развита мрежа от читалища, активно участващи в културния живот на общината. Слабите страни, трябва да бъдат оздравени при минимизиране на влиянието на заплахите.
3.4. Потребности на уязвимите и малцинствени групи, при наличие на такива:
Най-голямата уязвима група на територията е групата на пенсионерите и самотно живеещите хора. Сигурността на тази група може да бъде разбирана като икономическа, продоволствена, здравна, екологична, лична, общностна и политическа сигурност. Голяма част от хората, влизащи в тази уязвима група, се нуждаят от: финансова и жилищна сигурност; общуване, контакти – емоционални и информационни потребности; работа за трудоспособните и здравите; осигуряване на забавления и възможности за контакти с приятели срещу самотата и изолацията; медицински грижи и лекарства на достъпни цени.
Следващата голяма уязвима група са безработните и преди всичко дългосрочно безработните. Дългосрочната безработица е причина за наличието на една особено тревожна и изложена на голяма опасност от маргинализация група – така наречените ННН (nezаети, необучени и необразовани се хора). Особено тревожно е положението при младите хора, които не посещават училище и не ходят на работа, но и не са мотивирани да правят това, нямат нужната квалификация, нито желаят да я постигнат и са заплашени дълго време да останат извън пазара на труда. Тази група млади хора се състои предимно от роми.
Следващата уязвима група на територията са хората с увреждания, които са обект на нагласи и практики, наследени от миналото, когато повечето от тях са били изолирани, защитавани и обгръжвани от семействата си или от държавата. Днес въз основа на събралата информация за територията на МИГ хората с увреждания са около 6 % от населението.
Най-уязвимата етническа общност е ромската, която на територията не е голяма, но бързо нараства. За нея са характерни липса или ниско образование, висок процент на трайно безработни лица и цели семейства, липса на трудови навици и желание за постоянна работа, многодетни и непълни семейства, липса и изключително лошо състояние на жилищния фонд, липса на трудов стаж и пенсии, висок
процент на неглижирани и отпаднали от образователната система деца, висока раждаемост сред малолетни и непълнолетни.
4. Цели на стратегията:
4.1.Цели на стратегията и приоритети за развитие на територията:
Стратегическата рамка на СВОМР на МИГ „Стамболово – Кърджали 54“ е формулирана в съответствие с резултатите от извършения социално - икономически анализ, силните и слаби страни и прогнозираните влияния на външните фактори – възможности и заплахи за територията, както и визията на местната общност за бъдещото развитие на територията. При формулирането на целите са отчетени и идентифицираните потребности на основните групи заинтересовани страни, съобразявайки се с наличните финансови ресурси с които може да се обезпечи, изпълнението на мерките. Отчитайки местните потребности и специфика, изведената политика за местно развитие ще се реализира посредством финансиране от ЕЗФРСР, ЕСФ и ЕФРР.
Стратегията извежда две основни цели:
Първата цел „ Конкурентоспособна икономика, базирана на местни ресурси, осигуряваща по високи доходи и заетост “ ще бъде постигната чрез инвестиции насочени към стопански сектори, които имат потенциал за развитие и растеж, като се оказва подкрепа за разнообразяване на предлагане (в сектора на туризма и услугите), повишаване на конкурентоспособността (дребни производства и услуги). Чрез подкрепа за предприятия от преработващата промишленост ще се търси скъсяване на достъпа до пазара (къси вериги за доставка) и добавяне на стойност на място, предпоставка за по висока заетост и доходи на територията.
Втората цел „ Подобряване на средата за обитаване и бизнес при опазване на биологичното разнообразие на територията “ ще се постига чрез подкрепа за разширяване и подобряване на публична инфраструктура, която да повиши привлекателността на средата за обитаване и подобри достъпа до отделни услуги за да насърчи задържането на населението на територията и направи по приветлив облик на населените места с туристически потенциал. Опазването на биологичното разнообразие на района е предпоставка за насърчаване на външен интерес и фактор за неговото развитие.
Поставените две основни цели ще бъдат постигнати с интервенции в четири приоритетни области, в процеса на изпълнение на Стратегията.
П1.Развитие на устойчиво земеделие (растениевъдство и животновъдство) и преработка;
П2. Подкрепа на предприемачество за разнообразяване на икономиката, вкл.развитието на туризма;
П3. Приобщаваща образователна среда;
П4. Подобряване на средата за обитаване
4.2.Специфични цели:
Планираните интервенции по приоритетите са обединени в общо десет специфични цели:
СЦ1. Повишаване на доходите от растениевъдство и животновъдство, посредством преминаване към нови култури и биологични земеделски практики.
СЦ2. Подкрепа и добавяне на стойност към земеделски продукти в чувствителни сектори
СЦ3. Разнообразяване на туристическите продукти и предлагане на основата на природните и културни дадености на територията
| СЦ4. Подкрепа за липсващи или недостатъчни услуги на територията, вкл. здравни и социални
СЦ5. Подкрепа за производства, създаващи заетост.
СЦ6. Повишаване на качеството и подобряване на достъпа до предучилищно възпитание
СЦ7. Образователна интеграция на ученици от етническите малцинства.
СЦ8. Подобряване облика на населени места.
СЦ9. Изграждане на инфраструктурата за туризъм и отдих за публично ползване
СЦ10. Опазване на застрашени биологични видове на територията |
|---|
4.3. Връзка между стратегията за ВОМР с характеристики на конкретната територия, разработени въз основа на местните потребности и потенциал, в съответствие с политиките на национално, регионално и местно ниво, включително и с политиките по десегрегация и деинституционализация:
СВОМР отчита в пълна степен специфичните характеристики на територията. Изведените местни потребности на територията, показват наличие на съответствие със следните потребности на национално ниво, определени в ПРСР, 2014 – 2020:
2А-1: Повишаване на конкурентоспособността на стопанствата в секторите мляко, месо, плодове и зеленчуци и етерично-маслени и лекарствени средства;
2А-2: Повишаване на жизнеспособността и устойчивостта на малките земеделски стопанства;
2А-3: Подобряване на достъпа до външни финансови средства;
2А-4: Ускоряване на модернизацията и технологичното обновление на земеделските стопанства;
3А-3: Подобряване условията на отглеждане на животните и повишаване качеството на произвежданите животински продукти;
4А-5: Подпомагане на земеделието в райони с природни ограничения;
4Б-2: Увеличаване на дела на биологичното производство;
6А-1: Повишаване на инвестициите в неземеделските сектори на селските райони;
6А-2: Развитие на предприемачеството в селските райони;
6Б-2: Подобряване на техническата инфраструктура;
6Б-3: Подобряване на туристическата инфраструктура;
6Б-4: Развитие на местния капацитет за устойчиво развитие
4.4. Описание на иновативните характеристики на стратегията
Територията на МИГ „Стамболово – Кърджали 54“ ще прилага за първи път подход за развитие, основан на широко участие на различните групи заинтересовани страни на територията. В този смисъл самото прилагане на СВОМР е иновативен подход за местно развитие. Самата СВОМР търси да приложи по иновативен начин, решение на проблемите на територията. В сектора на земеделието и отчасти в неземеделските дейности, Стратегията интегрира мерки по Тематичната подпрограма за малките стопанства, опитвайки се да извади на пазара на земеделска продукция, онези стопанства, които са в полето на натуралната размяна. Стратегията търси целенасочена подкрепа в т. нар. чувствителни земеделски сектори, които са новост за територията, която традиционно е отглеждала тютюн и по този начин се очаква развитие на нови култури – етерично маслени и лекарствени билки, трайни насаждения и др., които в дългосрочен план да доведат до промяна и диверсификация към нови култури. Стратегията включва финансиране повече от един фонд и освен мерки от ПРСР, включва мерки/операции от ОПОС и ОПНОИР.
4.5. Йерархията на целите - включително цели за крайните продукти или резултатите:
“МИГ Стамболово - Кърджали 54” – територия със съхранена природа, желано място за живот, туризъм и отдих, при устойчиво използване на природните и културни ресурси
Цел 1. Конкурентоспособна икономика, базирана на местни ресурси, осигуряваща по високи доходи и заетост
Цел 2. Подобряване на средата за обитаване и бизнес при опазване на биологичното разнообразие на територията
П1. Развитие на устойчиво земеделие (растениевъдство и животновъдство) и преработка
П2. Подкрепа на предприемачество за разнообразяване на икономиката, вкл. развитието на туризма
П3. Приобщаваща образователна среда
П4. Подобряване на средата за обитаване
5. Описание на мерките:
Мерки и дейности за всеки един от фондовете по отделно:
| ПРСР (ЕЗФ РСР) | Описание на общите условия, прилагани за повече от една мержа
| --- | --- |
| Целите на СВОМР за периода 2014-2020 г. на Местна инициативна група „Стамболово – Кърджали 54“ се планира да бъдат постигнати с прилагането на общо 11 мерки от три програми – ПРСР (осем мерки), ОПНОИР (две мерки) и ОПОС (една мержа). Седем от мерките финансираны от ЕЗФРСР са от обхвата на ПРСР, 2014 - 2020 и една от Регламент (ЕС) № 1305/2013 (7.6).
Стратегията ще се изпълнява посредством прилагането на следните мерки:
Мержка 04 Инвестиции в материални активи
Финансовата помощ по мерката ще се насочи към материални и нематериални инвестиции в земеделските стопанства на територията. В Стратегията за ВОМР, мерката ще се прилага посредством подмерки: 4.1. и 4.1.2 и 4.2.
Мержка 06 Развитие на стопанства и предприятия
В Стратегията за ВОМР, мерката ще се прилага посредством подмерка 6.4.1 и 6.4.2.
Мержка 07 Основни услуги и обновяване на селата в селските райони
В Стратегията за ВОМР, мерката ще се прилага посредством подмерка 7.2, 7.5 и 7.6.
Мерки от Оперативна програма „Наука и образование за интелигентен растеж“ (ЕСФ)
Мержка „Осигуряване на достъп до качествено образование в малките населени места и трудно достъпните райони“
Мерки от Оперативна програма „Околна среда“ (ЕФРР) |
| Код на мерката | Име на мерката | Общо за периода на стратегията |
|---------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|
| | | лева | % |
| 4.1 | Инвестиции в земеделски стопанства | 704 100 | 19.0% |
| 4.1.2 | Инвестиции в земеделски стопанства по тематична подпрограма за развитие на малки стопанства | 164 300 | 4.4% |
| 4.2 | Инвестиции в преработка/ маркетинг на селскостопански продукти | 146 600 | 4.0% |
| 6.4.1 | Инвестиции в подкрепа на неземеделски дейности | 862 500 | 23.3% |
| 6.4.2 | Инвестиции в подкрепа на неземеделски дейности по тематичната подпрограма за развитие на малки стопанства | 156 500 | 4.2% |
| 7.2 | Инвестиции в създаването, подобряването или разширяването на всички видове малка по машаби инфраструктура | 586 750 | 15.8% |
| 7.5 | Инвестиции за публично ползване в инфраструктура за отдих, туристическа инфраструктура | 195 600 | 5.3% |
| 7.6 | Проучвания и инвестиции, свързани с поддържане, възстановяване и подобряване на културното и природното наследство на селата | 117 390 | 3.2% |
| 1 | Подмярка 1 „Подкрепа за предучилищно възпитание и подготовка на деца в неравностойно положение“ | 287 000 | |
| 2 | Подмярка 2 „Образователна интеграция на ученици от магинализирани общности“ | 300 000 | |
| | Мерки финансиране от ОПНОИР (ЕСФ) | 587 000 | 15.8% |
| | Мерки финансиране от ОПОС (ЕФРР) | 187 075 | 5.0% |
| | „Подобряване на природозащитното състояние на видове от мрежата Натура 2000 чрез подхода ВОМР“ | 187 075 | 5.0% |
| | ОБЩО ЗА ПРОЕКТИ КЪМ СТРАТЕГИЯТА ЗА ВОМР: | 3 707 815 | 100% |
Текущи разходи и популяризиране на стратегия за водено от общиностите местно развитие (25 на сто от общите публични разходи от ЕЗФРСР, включващи разходите по подмярка 19.2 и подмярка 19.4)
| | 977 900 | 25% |
6.2. Финансова обосновка на бюджета и разпределението на средствата по програми и по мерки:
(не повече от 2 страници)
СВОМР по подмерки, показва концентрация на ресурса в три от тях. Най-висок относителен дял от всички подмерки се пада на подмярка 6.4.1, където са заложени 23% от общия ресурс. Допълнена с средствата по подмярка 6.4.2. – 4% на практика за неземеделски дейности се локират повече от една четвърт от средствата по Стратегията. Развитието и модернизацията на земеделието е секторът който получава следващата по машаб подкрепа от бюджета. За него са отделени също близо една четвърт (24%) от общия бюджет. 4% от него са за проекти по тематичната подпрограма за малки земеделски стопанства. Подмярка 7.2, която ще подкрепя подобряването на средата за живот, посредством проекти за доизграждане и разширяване на малка по машаб инфраструктура в структурно отношение е на трето място с 16% от общия бюджет. С най-нисък дял от подмерките, финансирани от ЕЗФРСР са подмярка 7.6 – 3% и подмярка 7.5 - 5%. Мерките финансирана от ЕСФ общо ангажират 16% от ресурса, докато Мярката от ОПОС (ЕФРР) едва 5%.
7. План за действие, показващ как целите са превърнати в действия:
Условията и редът за предоставяне на финансова помощ от Стратегията на МИГ са в съответствие с Глава пета. Координация във връзка с одобряне на проекти към стратегия за ВОМР на ПМС № 161 от 4 юли 2016 г. за определяне на правила за координация между управляващите органи на програмите и местните инициативни групи, и местните инициативни рибарски групи във връзка с изпълнението на подхода "ВОДЕНО ОТ ОБЩНОСТИТЕ МЕСТНО РАЗВИТИЕ" за периода 2014 - 2020 г. Местната инициативна група разработва единна недискриминационна и прозрачна процедура за подбор на проекти към стратегията за ВОМР по реда и изискванията определени в Раздел I. Подбор на проекти към стратегия за ВОМР на същата глава.
Подборът на проекти по всяка мярка ще се извършва посредством определените за всяка мярка критерии за избор и в съответствие с прозрачна и предварително оповестена на всички
8. Описание на уредбата за управлението и мониторинга на стратегията:
8.1. Организационна структура на МИГ:
- организационна структура/схема.
8.2. Управление на МИГ:
- органи за управление и контрол;
Органите на Сдружение МИГ СТАМБОЛОВО - КЪРДЖАЛИ 54 са:
1. Общо събрание;
2. Управителен съвет;
3. Изпълнителен директор;
Общото събрание на МИГ се състои от тридесет и два члена, като два от тях (6,25%) са представители на публичния сектор – община Стамболово и 54 села.
на община Кърджали. Петнадесет члена (46,87%) са представители на стопанския сектор, също толкова (петнадесет) (46,88%) са представители на нестопанския сектор. В Общото събрание има представителство на седем от общо осем идентифицирани заинтересовани групи (с изключение на училища и детски градини). Две от трите идентифицирани уязвими групи имат свое представителство в колективния върховен орган на МИГ – възрастни хора и хора с уреждания. В общото събрание на МИГ участват представители на българската и турската етническа общност. В върховния колективен орган са представени и различните вероизповедания на територията. Жители, фирми и НПО на 23 населени места на територията на МИГ имат участие в сдружението.
Управителният съвет е колективен управителен орган на МИГ. Управителният съвет се състои от 5/пет/ лица – членове на Сдружението. Председателят на УС има правомощия и задължения свързани с организиране изпълнението на решенията на Общото събрание и на Управителния съвет.
8.3. Капацитет на местната инициативна група да изпълни стратегията за ВОМР:
Местна инициативна група „Стамболово – Кърджали 54“ разполага с просторен офис, ситуиран в общинския център – с. Стамболово, който се намира на централно и комуникативно място. Офисът разполага с всички необходими за нормалното му функциониране помещения – работна зала, заседателна зала и помещения за архив. Офисът е достъпен за хора с уреждания.
8.4. Описание на системата за мониторинг и оценка:
Уредбата на мониторинга, както и уредбата на оценката са необходими не само като официално изискване за обосновка на разходите, а и като инструмент, който предоставя полезна информация за управлението на местното партньорство. Този инструмент дава възможност да се прецени кое е ефективно и кое не е, за да се адаптира СМР към променящите се условия. Системата за наблюдение и оценка има за цел да осигури надеждна информация за бюджетните параметри и резултатите от реализацията на СМР така, че да се улесни вземането на информирани управленски решения. Чрез наблюдението ще се събира информация за договорените средства, финансираните проекти и непосредствените резултати от тяхното изпълнение. Системата за наблюдение има за цел да набави и структурира всестранна информация за хода на изпълнението на СМР.
9. Индикатори за мониторинг и оценка:
9.1. Индикатори за цялостното прилагане на стратегията за ВОМР:
| № | Индикатор | Мерна единица | Цел до края на СВОМР | Източник на информация |
|---|-----------|---------------|----------------------|------------------------|
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
|---|-----------------------------------------------------------------|---|---|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 | Брой проекти, финансирали по СВОМР | брой | 33 | База данни и отчети на МИГ |
| 2 | Общ обем на инвестициите (публичен принос) | хил. лв. | 3 708 | База данни и отчети на МИГ |
| 3 | Проекти на земеделски стопанства в чувствителни сектори | брой | 3 | База данни и отчети на МИГ |
| 4 | Подкрепени проекти за интегриран туризъм | брой | 3 | База данни и отчети на МИГ |
| 5 | Публични проекти реализирани извън общинските центрове | брой | 2 | База данни и отчети на МИГ |
| 6 | Брой проекти на частни бенефициенти | брой | 21 | База данни и отчети на МИГ |
| 7 | Създадени работни места | брой | 15 | Отчети на бенефициенти, база данни на МИГ |
| 8 | Население от територията, което се ползва от подобрени услуги | брой | 12 000 | База данни, проучвания на територията |
| 9 | Брой деца, ученици и младежи от маргинализирани общности | брой | 195 | Отчети на бенефициенти, база данни на МИГ |
| 10| Брой деца, ученици и младежи от етнически малцинства | брой | 120 | Отчети на бенефициенти, база данни на МИГ |
| 11| Площ на местообитания на видове, подкрепени с цел постигане | ха | 1594 | Отчети на бенефициенти, база данни на МИГ |
**9.2. Индикатори по мерки:**
За прилагането на мерките включени в Стратегията МИГ „Стамболово – Кърджали 54” са определени индикатори за наблюдение, ръководейки се от индикаторите по отделните мерки, заложени в ПРСР, ОПНОИР и ОПОС и съобразно специфичните цели разписани в Стратегията.
**10. Съответствие с хоризонталните политики на ЕС:**
**10.1. Равенство между половете и липса на дискриминация:**
- **прилагане на принципа на равенство**
В условията на прилагането на всички подмерки на СМР, както и при подбор на участници в дейностите по проектите ще залегне и ще бъде съблюдаван принципът на равенство на половете. При разкриването на работни места в
| между половете; | рамките на проектите ще се изисква да бъде прилаган принципът за равенство между половете. |
|-----------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| - допринасяне за утвърждаване на принципа на равните възможности; | Принципът на равните възможности предполага изграждането на система от специални мерки, които целят да компенсират изоставането, базирано на произход, възраст или друга характеристика, която може да доведе до третирането на личността несправедливо. За спазването на хоризонталния принцип ще гарантират различни механизми, които ще бъдат прилагани. |
| - създаване на условия за превенция на дискриминацията. | Принципът на превенцията на дискриминация, означава предотвратяване на неблагоприятно третиране на лице на основата на пол, раса, цвят на кожата, етнически или социален произход, генетични характеристики, език, религия или убеждения, политически или други мнения, принадлежност към национално малцинство, имотно състояние, рождение, увреждане, възраст или сексуална ориентация, отколкото се третира друго лице при сравнени, сходни обстоятелства. |
10.2. Устойчиво развитие (защита на околната среда):
При разработването на Стратегията е приложен принципът на устойчивото развитие, който следва да гарантира постигането на целите на сегашните поколения без нанасяне на щети и рискове за следващите поколения, свеждане до минимум на неблагоприятните ефекти от човешката дейност и използване на природните ресурси по начин, който гарантира тяхното последващо самовъзстановяване.
10.3. Насърчаване на заетостта и конкурентоспособността:
В подготовката на СМР е приложен принципът за насърчаване на заетостта и конкурентоспособността, неговото прилагане ще бъде посочено като задължително при подготовката и реализацията на проекти в рамките на СМР. Като приоритетно ще бъде оценявано разкриването на работни места, вкл. временна (сезонна) заетост.
10.4. Съответствие с програмите на Структурните фондове:
Програмите на ЕСИФ имат важен принос за изпълнението на стратегията на Съюза за интелигентен, устойчив и приобщаващ растеж и за постигането на икономическо, социално и териториално сближаване „Европа 2020”. Стратегията е в съответствие с водещите политики и принципи на ЕСИФ.
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eef07c39-ee19-4ae7-9d05-4e12da6896d2
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HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs/tree/main/data/bul_Cyrl/train
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finepdfs
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bul_Cyrl
| 33,406
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