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<b><u>pyramid</u></b> [or argument <b><u>pyramid</u></b>s; accept “The Raft and the <b><u>Pyramid</u></b>”] (The conclusion is at the top.)
Elmer <b><u>Rice</b></u> [or Elmer Leopold <b><u>Reizenstein</b></u>]
<b><u>generation</u></b> [or word forms such as <b><u>generate</u></b>; accept text <b><u>generation</u></b> or image <b><u>generation</u></b>; accept <b><u>generative</u></b> artificial intelligence or <b><u>generative</u></b> AI or <b><u>generative</u></b> pre-trained transformer or <b><u>generative</u></b> adversarial network or retrieval-augmented <b><u>generation</u></b>; accept descriptions such as <b><u>computer-produced text</u></b> or equivalents]
<b><u>Panama</u></b> [or Republic of <b><u>Panama</u></b>; accept <b><u>Panama</u></b> Canal; accept <b><u>Panama</u></b> Canal Zone]
Mark <b><u>Twain</u></b> [or Samuel Langhorne <b><u>Clemens</u></b>] (The essay in the second line is “A Simplified Alphabet.”)
Henry <b><u>Dearborn</b></u>
<b><u>thioester</u></b>s [reject “esters” or “thiols”]
Arnold <b><u>Harberger</u></b> [or Arnold Carl <b><u>Harberger</u></b>]
French <b><u>Madagascar</u></b> [or Colony of <b><u>Madagascar</u></b> and Dependencies; or Colonie de <b><u>Madagascar</u></b> et dépendances]
<b><u>letter</u></b>s [accept <b><u><em>Letters</u></b> from Iceland</em>; accept <em>Birthday <b><u>Letters</em></u></b>]
<b><u>verso</b></u>
<b><u>last man</u></b> [or <b><u>last human</u></b> being; or <b><u>letzter Mensch</u></b>; or the <b><u>ultimate</u></b> man or the <b><u>final</u></b> man; accept <em>The End of History and the <b><u>Last Man</em></u></b> or <em>The <b><u>Last Man</u></b> Takes LSD</em>; prompt on <u>man</u> or <u>human</u> or <u>Mensch</u>]
<b><u>spider</b></u> [or <b><u>arachnid</b></u>; prompt on <u>bug</u> or <u>animal</u>]
Diane <b><u>Keaton</u></b> [prompt on <u>Diane Hall</u>]
<b><u>Orlando</b></u> [accept <b><u><em>Orlando</b></u>: A Biography</em>]
<b><u>Brazil</u></b> [or <b><u>Brasil</u></b>; or Federative Republic of <b><u>Brazil</u></b>; or República Federativa do <b><u>Brasil</u></b>]
<b><u>Night Journey</u></b> [or al-<b><u>’isrā’</u></b> or wal-<b><u>miʿrāj</u></b> or <b><u>al-’Isrā’ wal-Miʿrāj)</u></b>]
<b><u>Nevell</u></b> [accept <em>My Ladye <b><u>Nevells</u></b> Booke</em>]
<b><u>light</b></u> [or <b><u>photon</b></u>s; accept sun<b><u>light</b></u>; accept <b><u>radiation</b></u>; accept <b><u>UV</b></u> light or <b><u>UV</b></u> radiation; prompt on <u>energy</u> by asking “in what form?”]
Arnold <b><u>Sommerfeld</u></b> [or Arnold Johannes Wilhelm <b><u>Sommerfeld</u></b>; accept Bohr–<b><u>Sommerfeld</u></b> model; accept Drude–<b><u>Sommerfeld</u></b> model]
<b><u>Pleiades</u></b> [prompt on <u>Seven Sisters</u>]
<b><u>method</u></b> acting [or the <b><u>Method</u></b>]
<b><u>kachina</b></u>s [or <b><u>katsinam</b></u> or<b> <u>katsina</b></u>; accept <b><u>Koyemshi</b></u>]
<b><u><em>Testament of Youth</em></u></b> (by Vera Brittain)
<b><u>crystallization</u></b> [accept re<b><u>crystallization</u></b>]
social <b><u>network</b></u>s [accept actor–<b><u>network</b></u> theory; accept scale-free <b><u>network</b></u>s; accept <em>The Rise of the <b><u>Network</b></u> Society</em>; prompt on <u>graph</u>s]
<b><u>gill</u></b>s
<b><u>fundamental attribution</u></b> error [or <b><u>FAE</u></b>; accept <b><u>correspondence</u></b> bias; prompt on <u>attribution</u>]
<b><u>Parkinson</u></b>’s disease [or <b><u>PD</u></b>]
special <b><u>relativity</u></b> [or <b><u>SR</u></b>; accept <b><u>relativistic</u></b> effects; accept scalar <b><u>relativistic</u></b>; reject “general relativity” or “GR”]
William <b><u>Labov</u></b> (“luh-BOVE”)
Queen of <b><u>Sheba</u></b> [or <b><u>Bilqīs</u></b>, <b><u>Makeda</u></b>, Malikat <b><u>Saba</u></b>’, Malkaṯ <b><u>Səḇā</u></b>, or Nəgśətä <b><u>Saba</u></b>; accept <b><u>Bilikisu</u></b> Sungbo; prompt on <u>Queen</u> of the South, <u>malikah</u>, <u>nigišti</u>, or variants until “queen” is read]
<b><u>Cuba</u></b> (The first line refers to the Cuban priest Félix Varela. The flag referred to in the second line is Cuba’s current flag, designed by Narciso López.)
<em>The <b><u>Beaux’</em></u></b>&nbsp;(“bo’s”) <b><u><em>Stratagem</b></u></em>
energy <b><u>cascade</u></b> [or kinetic energy <b><u>cascade</u></b>; accept Kolmogorov <b><u>cascade</u></b>; accept Richardson <b><u>cascade</u></b>]
<b><u>inductor</b></u>s [accept <b><u>choke</b></u>s; prompt on <u>electromagnet</u>s; prompt on wire <u>coil</u>s or <u>solenoid</u>s until read; prompt on <u>transformer</u>s by asking “what devices are they constructed from?”]
<b><u>Protein Data Bank</u></b> [or <b><u>PDB</u></b>; accept Worldwide <b><u>Protein Data Bank</u></b> or ww<b><u>PDB</u></b>]
<b><u>mechanical advantage</u></b> [or <b><u>MA</u></b>; accept actual <b><u>mechanical advantage</u></b> or ideal <b><u>mechanical advantage</u></b> or <b><u>AMA</u></b> or <b><u>IMA</u></b>]
War of <b><u>1812</u></b> [or Guerre de <b><u>1812</u></b>]
<b><u>bismuth</b></u> [or <b><u>Bi</b></u>]
<b><u>Wattasid</u></b> dynasty [or al-<b><u>Waṭṭāsīyūn</u></b>]
<b><u>overlayer</u></b>s
C. Wright <b><u>Mills</u></b> [or Charles Wright <b><u>Mills</u></b>]
James <b><u>Forten</b></u>
<b><u>Hindu temples</b></u> [or <b><u>mandir</b></u>s or <b><u>devasthana</b></u> or <b><u>pura</b></u> or <b><u>gudi</b></u> or <b><u>kovil</b></u>; prompt on <u>temple</u>s]
Oscar <b><u>Peterson</u></b> [or Oscar Emmanuel <b><u>Peterson</u></b>]
<b><u>GWAS</u></b> (“G-woss”) [or <b><u>genome-wide-association</u></b> studies or <b><u>GWA</u></b> studies]
<b><u>kitsch</b></u>
Modern <b><u>Greek</b></u> [or Néa <b><u>Elliniká</b></u>; reject “Ancient Greek”] (“Despair” is by George Seferis.)
<b><u>Stokes shift</u></b> [or <b><u>downshift</u></b>; accept <b><u>anti-Stokes shift</u></b> or <b><u>upshift</u></b>; prompt on <u>Raman shift</u> until “Raman” is read by asking “what is the more common form of that quantity?”; prompt on answers mentioning a <u>frequency shift</u> or <u>wavelength shift</u>; prompt on <u>delta-nu</u> or <u>delta-lambda</u> or <u>delta-upsilon</u>; prompt on <u>delta</u> or <u>shift</u>]
<b><u>Amiens</b></u> (“am-YAN”) Cathedral [or Our Lady of <b><u>Amiens</b></u> or Notre-Dame d’<b><u>Amiens</b></u>; or Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of <b><u>Amiens</b></u> or Basilique Cathédrale Notre-Dame d’<b><u>Amiens</b></u>; accept <em>The Bible of <b><u>Amiens</b></u></em>; reject “Notre Dame” or “Our Lady”]
<b><u>substantive</b></u> [accept <b><u>substantive</b></u> due process; accept <b><u>substantive</b></u> equality]
<b><u>marble</b></u> [accept Makrana <b><u>marble</b></u>; prompt on <u>stone</u> or <u>rock</u>] (The Tomb of I’timād-ud-Daulah is called the “Baby Taj.”)
<b><u>Ballets Russes</b></u> (“BAH-lay rooss”) (The second line refers to Leon Bákst and his program for <em>Afternoon of a Faun</em>.)
<b><u>Gabriel</u></b> [or <b><u>Jibrīl</u></b>, or <b><u>Jibrā’īl</u></b>; accept <b><u>Rūḥ al-’Amīn</u></b> or <b><u>Trustworthy Soul</u></b> until read; accept <b><u>Rūḥ al-Quddus</u></b> or <b><u>Holy Spirit</u></b>]
<b><u>pig</b></u>s [or <b><u>swine</b></u>; or <b><u>hog</b></u>s; or <b><u>boar</b></u>s; or <b><u>sow</b></u>s; or <b><u>suid</b></u>s or <b><u><em>Sus</b></u> domesticus</em>; or <b><u>zhū</b></u>; accept Shen <b><u>Zhū</b></u>; accept <b><u>Pigsie</b></u> or <b><u>Zhū</b></u> Bājiè; accept Peppa <b><u>Pig</b></u>; accept Jeju Black <b><u>pig</b></u> or Jeju heug <b><u>dwaeji</b></u>; accept Tàihú <b><u>pig</b></u>]
<b><u>Ezra</b></u> [or <b><u>Ezra</b></u> ha-Sofer; or <b><u>Esdras</b></u>; or <b><u>Uzair</b></u>]
<b><u>host</u></b>s AND <b><u>guest</u></b>s [accept <b><u>host–guest</u></b> chemistry]
<b><u>Guatemala</b></u> [or Republic of <b><u>Guatemala</b></u>; or República de <b><u>Guatemala</b></u>; accept <b><u><em>Guatemala</b></u>: Occupied Country</em>] (The activist in the third sentence is Rigoberta Menchú.)
<b><u>parabola</u></b> [accept <b><u>parabolic</u></b> trajectories]
<b><u>electric</u></b>ity [or word forms; accept electrical <b><u>power</u></b>; accept <b><u>electrode</u></b>s or <b><u>electro</u></b>chemistry or <b><u>electro</u></b>lysis; accept electric <b><u>current</u></b> or <b><u>I</u></b>; accept <b><u>voltage</u></b>] (ECE stands for electrode-chemical-electrode.)
<b><u>James</u></b> family [accept William <b><u>James</u></b>; accept Henry <b><u>James</u></b>] (The first sentence is from <em>The Varieties of Religious Experience</em>. Williams used “Owen Wingrave” as the main example of “Internal and External Reasons.”)
electron <b><u>density</b></u> [or charge <b><u>density</b></u>; or probability <b><u>density</b></u>; accept <b><u>density</b></u> functional theory; prompt on <u>charge</u> until read; prompt on <u>probability</u>]
<b><u>Antonio</b></u>
Elbert H. <b><u>Gary</u></b> [or Judge <b><u>Gary</u></b>; accept <b><u>Gary</u></b> Plan, <b><u>Gary</u></b> Works, or <b><u>Gary</u></b> dinners] (The Jackson 5 was signed by Steeltown Records.)
<b><u>Aphrodite</u></b> of <b><u>Knidos</u></b> [prompt on <u>Aphrodite</u>]
<b><u>coin flip</u></b>ping [accept descriptions such as <b><u>flipping a coin</u></b> or winning a <b><u>coin toss</u></b> or playing <b><u>heads or tails</u></b>; accept “<b><u>Coin Flipping</u></b> by Telephone”]
Wolfgang Amadeus <b><u>Mozart</b></u> [or Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus <b><u>Mozart</b></u>] (The second clue refers to the <em>Quam olim abrahae</em> section of the Requiem’s <em>Pie Jesu</em> and <em>Hostias</em> movements.)
<b><u>Saturn</u></b> [or <b><u>Saturnus</u></b>; accept <b><u>Saturnalia</u></b>; prompt on <u>Kronos</u> or <u>Cronus</u> until read by asking “who was his Roman counterpart?”]
mesoamerican <b><u>ballgame</u></b> [or <b><u>Ollamaliztli</u></b>; or <b><u>hipgame</u></b>; or <b><u>hipball</u></b> game]
<b><u>Watertown</u></b>, Massachusetts
<b><u>jet</b></u> streams [or <b><u>jet</b></u>s; accept polar <b><u>jet</b></u>s or subtropical <b><u>jet</b></u>s or <b><u>jet</b></u> streaks; prompt on air <u>stream</u>s; prompt on <u>wind</u>s until “strong wind” is read; prompt on air <u>current</u>s until “currents” is read; prompt on atmospheric <u>river</u>s by asking “atmospheric rivers are typically located within and move with what other phenomena?”; reject “Gulf Stream”]
<b><u>adding machine</u></b>s [accept <em>The <b><u>Adding Machine</em></u></b>; prompt on <u>calculator</u>s or <u>calculating machine</u>s or <u>machine</u>s]
<b><u>echo</u></b> verse
<b><u>genome</u></b>s [accept DNA <b><u>sequence</u></b>s or nucleic acid <b><u>sequence</u></b>s or nucleotide <b><u>sequence</u></b>s or genetic <b><u>sequence</u></b>s or RNA <b><u>sequence</u></b>s or protein <b><u>sequence</u></b>s or polypeptide <b><u>sequence</u></b>s; accept or DNA <b><u>sequencing</u></b> or RNA <b><u>sequencing</u></b> or protein <b><u>sequencing</u></b>; accept <b><u>sequence</u></b> alignments or <b><u>alignment</u></b>s; accept <b><u>BLAST</u></b> until read; accept Human <b><u>Genome</u></b> Project; prompt on <u>string</u>s or <u>queries</u> or <u>letter</u>s or <u>word</u>s or <u>text</u>; prompt on <u>DNA</u> or <u>RNA</u> or <u>gene</u>s or <u>promoter</u>s or <u>codon</u>s or <u>protein</u>s or <u>polypeptide</u>s or <u>nucleotide</u>s or <u>nucleic acid</u>s by asking “what kind of data structures can be used to represent them?”]
<b><u>LACMA</b></u> [or <b><u>Los Angeles County Museum of Art</b></u>] (The second clue refers to Robert Irwin’s Miracle Mile.)
<b><u>subglacial</u></b> [accept descriptions that indicate being <b><u>below</u></b> a <b><u>glacier</u></b> or <b><u>ice</u></b> mass; prompt on answers that only mention <b><u>glaciers</u></b> or <b><u>ice</u></b> masses by asking “Where relative to the ice?”; prompt on answers that only indicate being <b><u>below</u></b> or <b><u>under</u></b> or <b><u>subsurface</u></b> by asking “Below what objects?”; reject “underground” or “subterranean” or equivalents]
<b><u>complex</b></u> [accept <b><u>complex</b></u>ification; accept <b><u>complex</b></u> analysis; accept extended <b><u>complex</b></u> plane or <b><u>complex</b></u> plane; accept <b><u>complex</b></u> numbers]
<b><u><em>E. coli</em></u></b> [or <b><u><em>Escherichia coli</em></u></b>]
<b><u>Antwerp</u></b>
<b><u>satire</u></b>s [accept “<b><u>Satire</u></b> of the Trades” or Menippean <b><u>satire</u></b>]
<b><u>neutrino detector</b></u>s [or <b><u>neutrino telescope</b></u>s; or <b><u>neutrino observatory</b></u>; accept <b><u>Cherenkov detector</b></u>s or <b><u>Cherenkov telescope</b></u>s until “Cherenkov” is read; prompt on <u>muon detector</u>s or <u>electron detector</u>s until “electron capture” is read by asking “the devices were built primarily to look for what other particle?”; prompt on <u>telescope</u>s or <u>particle detector</u>s or <u>detector</u>s; reject “cosmic ray detectors”] (The second sentence refers to ANITA. Pontecorvo’s idea was used in the Homestake experiment.)
<b><u>Hamlet</b></u>
<b><u>Belinsky</u></b>’s “<b><u>Letter</u></b> to Gogol” [accept descriptions of an open <b><u>letter</u></b> from Vassarion <b><u>Belinsky</u></b> to Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol; prompt on “<u>Letter</u> to <u>Gogol</u>” by asking “by whom?”]
Haitian <b><u>Vodou</u></b> [or <b><u>Voodoo</u></b>] (Those images are <em>vèvè</em>.)
<b><u>anarchism</u></b> [or word forms; or <b><u>anakizumu</u></b>; accept more specific answers like socialist <b><u>anarchism</u></b>, <b><u>anarcho</u></b>-communism, social <b><u>anarchism</u></b>, or left-wing <b><u>anarchism</u></b>; prompt on <u>left</u>ism, <u>communism</u>, or <u>socialism</u>]
<b><u><em>aparigraha</em></u></b>&nbsp;(“uh-puh-RIG-ruh-huh”)
<em>Peter <b><u>Grimes</b></u></em>
<b><u>Thoth</b></u>
Derek <b><u>Parfit</b></u> [or Derek Antony <b><u>Parfit</b></u>]
<b><u>hotel</u></b>s [accept Taj Mahal Palace <b><u>Hotel</u></b>]
arranged <b><u>marriage</u></b> [or <b><u>marry</u></b>ing or having a <b><u>wedding</u></b> or <b><u>matrimony</u></b>; accept <em>I Will <b><u>Marry</u></b> When I Want</em>] (<em>I Will Marry When I Want </em>is by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o and Ngũgĩ wa Mirii.)
<b><u>nationalization</b></u> of politics [accept word forms; accept any answers indicating that politics or political issues are <b><u>becoming national</b></u>]
<em>The <b><u>School for Wives</b></u></em> [or <em>L’<b><u>école des femmes</b></u></em> (“lay-COAL day fahm”)]
Friedrich <b><u>Hölderlin</u></b> [or Johann Christian Friedrich <b><u>Hölderlin</u></b>]
<b><u>Natsume</u></b> <b><u>Sōseki</u></b> [accept either name; accept names in either order; accept <b><u>Natsume</u></b> Kin’nosuke] (the legend in the first line refers to sea bream, connected to the Japanese priest Nichiren.)
<b><u>crowd</u></b>s [accept <em>Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of <b><u>Crowd</u></b>s</em>]
<b><u>Ceará</u></b> (“say-ah-RAH”)
A. C. <b><u>Pigou</u></b>&nbsp;(“PIG-oo”) [or Arthur Cecil <b><u>Pigou</u></b>; accept <b><u>Pigou</u></b> effect; accept <b><u>Pigouvian</u></b> taxes]
<b><u>Edinburgh</b></u> [or <b><u>Dùn Èideann</b></u>; accept <b><u><em>Edinburgh</b></u> Review</em>; accept <em>Blackwood’s <b><u>Edinburgh</b></u> Magazine</em> or <b><u><em>Edinburgh</b></u> Monthly Magazine</em>]