id
int64
1
910
name
stringlengths
4
42
start_year
int64
-13,600
1.99k
end_year
int64
-9,200
2.02k
long_name
stringlengths
3
59
new_name
stringlengths
6
42
polity_tag
stringclasses
6 values
general_description
stringlengths
120
13.2k
shapefile_name
stringclasses
63 values
private_comment
stringclasses
34 values
created_date
stringclasses
128 values
modified_date
stringlengths
27
27
private_comment_n
stringclasses
96 values
home_nga_id
float64
1
35
home_nga_name
stringclasses
35 values
home_nga_subregion
stringclasses
30 values
home_nga_longitude
float64
-155.92
152
home_nga_latitude
float64
-13.48
64.1
home_nga_capital_city
stringclasses
35 values
home_nga_nga_code
stringclasses
35 values
home_nga_fao_country
stringclasses
28 values
home_nga_world_region
stringclasses
10 values
home_seshat_region_id
int64
1
64
home_seshat_region_name
stringclasses
45 values
home_seshat_region_subregions_list
stringclasses
45 values
home_seshat_region_mac_region
stringclasses
10 values
544
ItVenR3
1,204
1,563
Republic of Venice III
it_venetian_rep_3
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2024-11-18T12:35:23.558179Z
{'id': 129, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
4
Crete
Southeastern Europe
25.1442
35.3387
Heraklion
GR
Greece
Europe
18
Southern Europe
Iberia, Italy
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
545
ItVenR4
1,564
1,797
Republic of Venice IV
it_venetian_rep_4
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2023-10-23T16:21:17.461559Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
4
Crete
Southeastern Europe
25.1442
35.3387
Heraklion
GR
Greece
Europe
18
Southern Europe
Iberia, Italy
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
765
vt_vietnam_rep
1,955
1,975
Republic of Vietnam
vt_vietnam_rep
OTHER_TAG
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
41
Mainland Southeast Asia
Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, south Vietnam
{'id': 10, 'name': 'Southeast Asia'}
762
pi_phililippines_rep
1,946
2,020
Republic of the Philippines
pi_phililippines_rep
OTHER_TAG
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
42
Maritime Southeast Asia
Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
{'id': 10, 'name': 'Southeast Asia'}
71
TrRomDm
285
394
Roman Empire - Dominate
tr_roman_dominate
LEGACY
The Roman Principate is generally regarded as ending during or just after the crisis of the 3rd century CE (235-284 CE). The date of 284 CE marks the accession of Diocletian §REF§ (Boatwright et al. 2012, 438) Mary T. Boatwright, Daniel J. Gargola, Noel Lenski and Richard J. A. Talbert. 2012. <i>The Romans. From Villag...
null
null
null
2023-10-23T16:18:53.388454Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
11
Konya Plain
Anatolia-Caucasus
32.521164
37.877845
Konya
TR
Turkey
Southwest Asia
43
Anatolia-Caucasus
Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
70
ItRomPr
-31
284
Roman Empire - Principate
it_roman_principate
LEGACY
The Roman Principate (31 BCE-284 CE) refers to the first period of the Roman Empire, when the de facto ruler was termed the <i>princeps</i>, or 'leading citizen'. The period begins with the victory of the first emperor, Augustus (then Octavian) over his rival Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE and ends with ...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
1
Latium
Southern Europe
12.486948
41.890407
Rome
IT
Italy
Europe
18
Southern Europe
Iberia, Italy
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
181
ItRomRg
-716
-509
Roman Kingdom
it_roman_k
LEGACY
The Regal Period refers to the period at the end of the Iron Age during which Rome developed as a uncleared settlement in the heart of Latium (modern-day Lazio), ruled over by 'Etruscan kings'. Although there is archaeological evidence for the permanent occupation of Rome from the Iron Age 'centuries before' the city's...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
1
Latium
Southern Europe
12.486948
41.890407
Rome
IT
Italy
Europe
18
Southern Europe
Iberia, Italy
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
189
ItPapEM
904
1,198
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
it_st_peter_rep_2
LEGACY
The term "Papal States" was not adopted until around 1200 CE §REF§ (Vauchez 2010, 356) André Vauchez ed. <i>Roma Medievale.</i> Rome: Editori Laterza, 2010 [2001]. §REF§ ; at this time the polity of the Papacy at Rome was called the Patrimony of St. Peter, Republic of St. Peter or Land of St. Peter. The population of R...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
1
Latium
Southern Europe
12.486948
41.890407
Rome
IT
Italy
Europe
18
Southern Europe
Iberia, Italy
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
278
MnRourn
300
555
Rouran Khaganate
mn_rouran_khaganate
LEGACY
The Orkhon Valley lies either side of the Orkhon River, in north-central Mongolia. Between about 300 and 550 CE, it was under the control of the Rouran. Though these began as nomadic pastoralists like their predecessors the Xianbei and Xiongnu, there is evidence that by the sixth century CE they had transitioned to a s...
null
null
null
2023-10-23T17:31:41.156401Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
24
Orkhon Valley
Mongolia
102.845486
47.200757
Karakorum
MN
Mongolia
Central Eurasia
9
Mongolia
Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, the steppe part of Manchuria
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
171
TrRum**
1,077
1,307
Rum Sultanate
tr_rum_sultanate
LEGACY
The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum (1077-1307 CE) was probably founded by Suleman Qotlomos after a Turkmen tribe in Syria asked him to lead them. §REF§ (Peacock 2010) Andrew Peacock 'Saljuqs iii. Saljuqs of Rum. <a class="external free" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/saljuqs-iii" rel="nofollow">http://www.iranica...
null
null
null
2025-03-10T14:31:01.374229Z
{'id': 194, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
11
Konya Plain
Anatolia-Caucasus
32.521164
37.877845
Konya
TR
Turkey
Southwest Asia
43
Anatolia-Caucasus
Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
600
ru_romanov_dyn_1
1,614
1,775
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I
ru_romanov_dyn_1
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
16
Eastern Europe
Belarus, non-Steppe Ukraine and European Russia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
571
ru_romanov_dyn_2
1,776
1,917
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
ru_romanov_dyn_2
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2024-05-30T13:02:18.914134Z
{'id': 51, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
16
Eastern Europe
Belarus, non-Steppe Ukraine and European Russia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
910
ru_russian_federation
1,992
2,024
Russian Federation
ru_russian_federation
OTHER_TAG
null
null
null
2024-10-17T08:30:41.948935Z
2024-10-17T08:30:41.948957Z
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
16
Eastern Europe
Belarus, non-Steppe Ukraine and European Russia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
293
UaRusPr
1,133
1,240
Russian Principate
ua_russian_principate
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
16
Eastern Europe
Belarus, non-Steppe Ukraine and European Russia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
432
MaSaadi
1,554
1,659
Saadi Sultanate
ma_saadi_sultanate
LEGACY
This polity represents the period in which Morocco was ruled by the Saadi dynasty. Although the dynasty itself was founded in 1511 CE, we date the beginning of the polity to 1554, when the Saadis took Fez from their dynastic rivals, the Wattasids, and united Morocco under their rule. As for the polity's end, it seems m...
null
null
null
2024-11-13T15:48:41.358328Z
{'id': 106, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
6
Niger Inland Delta
Sahel
-3.041703
16.717549
Timbuctu
ML
Mali
Africa
3
Maghreb
From Morocco to Libya
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
538
YeSabaC
-800
-451
Sabaean Commonwealth
ye_sabaean_commonwealth
LEGACY
The Yemeni Coastal Plain or Plateau is the northwestern region of modern Yemen that lies between the Red Sea and the Yemeni Mountains. Beginning in the ninth and eighth centuries BCE, this region became part of a wider "Sabaean" culture region (from the name of the dominant kingdom, Saba), in which many relatively smal...
null
null
null
2023-05-15T14:37:17.518133Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
12
Yemeni Coastal Plain
Arabia
43.315739
14.850891
Sanaa
YE
Yemen
Southwest Asia
44
Arabia
Arabian Peninsula
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
374
IrSafvd
1,501
1,722
Safavid Empire
ir_safavid_emp
LEGACY
The Safavid period of rule in Persia (1501-1722 CE) was begun by Shah Ismail (1501-1524 CE) and is known as a 'gunpowder empire' due to the now widespread use of artillery and muskets on the battlefield. §REF§ (Haneda 1989, 62) Masashi Haneda. January 1, 1989. “The Evolution of the Safavid Royal Guard.” Iranian Studies...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
9
Susiana
Levant-Mesopotamia
48.235564
32.382851
Susa (Shush)
IR
Iran
Southwest Asia
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
360
IrSaffr
861
1,003
Saffarid Caliphate
ir_saffarid_emp
LEGACY
The Saffarid dynasty was founded by Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar, a commoner from Sīstān, who first worked as a coppersmith, then became a warlord, before leading the conquest of (what is now) Iran and Afghanistan and becoming the dynasty’s first Emir. The empire was at its peak during Ya'qub’s rule and its territory str...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
194
RuYakuE
1,400
1,632
Sakha - Early
ru_sakha_early
LEGACY
The Lena River Valley, also known as Sakha, is a territory in eastern Siberia over four times the size of Texas. §REF§ (Balzer and Skoggard 1997, 1) Balzer, Marjorie Mandelstam, and Ian Skoggard. 1997. “Culture Summary: Yakut.” eHRAF World Cultures. <a class="external free" href="http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/docu...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
25
Lena River Valley
Siberia
129.379495
63.462822
Yakutsk
YAK
Russia
Central Eurasia
11
Siberia
Urals, West Siberia, Central Siberia, Yakutia
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
195
RuYakuL
1,632
1,900
Sakha - Late
ru_sakha_late
LEGACY
The Lena River Valley, also known as Sakha, is a territory in eastern Siberia over four times the size of Texas. §REF§ (Balzer and Skoggard 1997, 1) Balzer, Marjorie Mandelstam, and Ian Skoggard. 1997. “Culture Summary: Yakut.” eHRAF World Cultures. <a class="external free" href="http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/docu...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
25
Lena River Valley
Siberia
129.379495
63.462822
Yakutsk
YAK
Russia
Central Eurasia
11
Siberia
Urals, West Siberia, Central Siberia, Yakutia
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
287
UzSamnd
819
999
Samanid Empire
uz_samanid_emp
LEGACY
The Samanids were a Persian-Sassanid family who had converted to Islam after the Umayyad conquests. During the caliphate of the Abbasid ruler al-Ma'mun (813-833 CE) they were perceived to be loyal enough to be named hereditary governors of Samarqand, Farghana, and Herat §REF§ (Lapidus 2012, 99) Lapidus, Ira M. 2012. Is...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
23
Sogdiana
Turkestan
66.93817
39.631284
Samarkand
UZ
Uzbekistan
Central Eurasia
13
Turkestan
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakstan, Xinjiang
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
812
cz_samo_emp
623
658
Samo's Empire
cz_samo_emp
OTHER_TAG
null
null
id to be renamed to cz_samo_emp
2024-03-13T12:51:25.163567Z
2024-04-09T12:12:31.778187Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
15
Central Europe
Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
621
si_sape
1,400
1,550
Sape
si_sape
POL_AFR_WEST
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
462
TjSaraz
-3,500
-2,000
Sarazm
tj_sarasm
LEGACY
This polity is named after an ancient settlement site at Sarazm, located in modern Tajikistan. The period runs from its initial settlement around 3500 BCE to the site's abandonment c. 2000 BCE. §REF§ (Anthony 2010, 420) Anthony, David W. 2010. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian ...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
23
Sogdiana
Turkestan
66.93817
39.631284
Samarkand
UZ
Uzbekistan
Central Eurasia
13
Turkestan
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakstan, Xinjiang
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
128
IrSasn1
205
487
Sasanid Empire I
ir_sassanid_emp_1
LEGACY
The Sassanids came from the Parthian province of Persis near the Zagros mountains of western Iran. Ardashir I defeated the last Parthian ruler Ardawan (Artabanus IV) in 224 CE and claimed the title "King of Kings" in imitation of the ancient Archaemenids. The early Sassanid rulers claimed a divine descent until powerfu...
null
null
null
2025-02-13T14:22:39.611260Z
{'id': 181, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
9
Susiana
Levant-Mesopotamia
48.235564
32.382851
Susa (Shush)
IR
Iran
Southwest Asia
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
130
IrSasn2
488
642
Sasanid Empire II
ir_sassanid_emp_2
LEGACY
In the final Sassanid period (488-642 CE), best known for the reign of Khusrau I, the Sassanid realm was managed through provincial governors called Shahr §REF§ (Daryaee 2009, 124-135) Touraj Daryaee. 2009. Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. I.B. Tauris. London. §REF§ and vassal kings appointed by the Sa...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
9
Susiana
Levant-Mesopotamia
48.235564
32.382851
Susa (Shush)
IR
Iran
Southwest Asia
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
89
InSataL
-100
200
Satavahana Empire
in_satavahana_emp
LEGACY
The Satavahanas were the first Deccan-based dynasty to rule over an empire encompassing both southern and northern India, stretching from the Deccan Plateau in the south to Madhya Pradesh in the north, and touching both the western and eastern coasts. §REF§ (Murthy and Ramakrishnan 1978, 25-26) H. V. Sreenivasa Murthy ...
null
null
null
2024-11-21T15:08:54.249088Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
15
Deccan
Central India
76.625407
15.386856
Kampli
DEC
India
South Asia
40
Southern India
Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
755
at_austrian_rep_2
1,945
2,020
Second Austrian Republic
at_austrian_rep_2
OTHER_TAG
null
null
null
null
2024-03-12T10:04:23.123069Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
15
Central Europe
Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
480
IqIsin2
-1,153
-1,027
Second Dynasty of Isin
iq_isin_dynasty2
LEGACY
The peak date of this polity is considered to be around 1119 BCE-1098 BCE when the king Nebuchadnezzar I ruled, and the Elamite threat had been removed from the territories. §REF§ (Liverani 2014, 462) Liverani, Mario. Tabatabai, Soraia trans. 2014. <i>The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy</i>. London: Rou...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
8
Southern Mesopotamia
Levant-Mesopotamia
44.42
32.47
Babylon (Hillah)
IQ
Iraq
Southwest Asia
62
Mesopotamia
Iraq, Kuwait
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
440
MnTurk2
682
744
Second Turk Khaganate
mn_turk_khaganate_2
LEGACY
The Orkhon Valley lies either side of the Orkhon River, in north-central Mongolia. For just under a century, between about 550 and 630 CE, it had been under the control of a Turkic khaganate, §REF§ (Hosszú 2012, 285) §REF§ which had soon succumbed o a combination of internal rebellions and an invasion from Tang China...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
24
Orkhon Valley
Mongolia
102.845486
47.200757
Karakorum
MN
Mongolia
Central Eurasia
9
Mongolia
Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, the steppe part of Manchuria
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
433
MlSegou
1,650
1,712
Segou Kingdom
ml_segou_k
LEGACY
Almost nothing is known about the Segu (or Segou) Kingdom, the name we have chosen to use for the polity occupying the Niger Inland Delta from the mid-17th century CE to the foundation of the more well-known Bamana Kingdom in 1712. Neither oral traditions nor regional histories compiled in Timbuktu suggest the existenc...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
6
Niger Inland Delta
Sahel
-3.041703
16.717549
Timbuctu
ML
Mali
Africa
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
108
IrSeleu
-312
-63
Seleucid Empire
ir_seleucid_emp
LEGACY
The Seleucid Empire arose in the years following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE and the subsequent division of his empire. Alexander’s generals each ruled part of the empire, including Seleucus I who became leader of the Babylonian territory in 319 BCE as a reward for having helped Alexander eliminate the ...
null
null
null
2025-04-17T14:48:16.585485Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
8
Southern Mesopotamia
Levant-Mesopotamia
44.42
32.47
Babylon (Hillah)
IQ
Iraq
Southwest Asia
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
364
IrSeljq
1,037
1,157
Seljuk Sultanate
ir_seljuk_sultanate
LEGACY
The Seljuks were a Turkic dynasty from east of the Aral Sea §REF§ (Bosworth 2001) C. E. Bosworth, 'Turks, Seljuk and Ottoman' in The Oxford Companion to Military History eds. Richard Holmes, Charles Singleton, and Dr Spencer Jones (2001) (al-Rahim 2010) Ahmed H. al-Rahim, 'Seljuk Turks' in The Oxford Dictionary of the ...
null
null
null
2025-03-10T14:53:14.787066Z
{'id': 197, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
9
Susiana
Levant-Mesopotamia
48.235564
32.382851
Susa (Shush)
IR
Iran
Southwest Asia
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
793
bd_sena_dyn
1,095
1,245
Sena Dynasty
bd_sena_dyn
OTHER_TAG
null
null
null
2023-12-07T16:16:39.416547Z
2024-06-07T15:08:05.716382Z
{'id': 62, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
37
Eastern South Asia
Bangladesh + Indian states of West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, and Sikkim
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
412
InSharq
1,394
1,479
Sharqi
in_sharqi_dyn
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2025-04-08T15:48:51.781250Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
64
North India
Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
301
UzShayb
1,500
1,598
Shaybanid Kingdom
uz_shaybanid_k
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
13
Turkestan
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakstan, Xinjiang
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
439
MnShiwe
600
1,000
Shiwei
mn_shiwei
LEGACY
According to the earliest known references to the Shiwei in Chinese records dating to the fifth century CE, they occupied the Hulun Buir, Ergüne, Nonni, Middle Amur, and Zeya watersheds, they were divided into between five and twenty tribes, they lived on agriculture and pastoralism, and they traded sable skins. They m...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
24
Orkhon Valley
Mongolia
102.845486
47.200757
Karakorum
MN
Mongolia
Central Eurasia
9
Mongolia
Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, the steppe part of Manchuria
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
643
et_showa_sultanate
1,108
1,285
Shoa Sultanate
et_showa_sultanate
POL_AFR_EAST
The Shoa Sultanate is the first and earliest known Muslim political kingdom known in the region of Ethiopia. Within the consulted literature, there is a discrepancy regarding the date of origin for this Sultanate. Some scholars refer to a local Arab historical chronicle that uses the date 897 CE for when the first Muhz...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
2
East Africa
Tanzania, Burundi, Uganda, So Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
196
EcJivaE
1,534
1,830
Shuar - Colonial
ec_shuar_1
LEGACY
The forested foothills of the Andes, near the border between Ecuador and Peru, have long been inhabited by the Shuar, subsistence horticulturalists living in autonomous residential hamlets. There are many Shuar groups, but here we focus specifically on the Ecuadorian group commonly known simply as 'Shuar'. Europeans - ...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
32
Lowland Andes
Amazonia
-77.67419
-2.895375
Logrono
EC
Ecuador
South America
31
Amazonia
Brazil, Guyanas, plus Amazonian parts of bordering states
{'id': 6, 'name': 'South America and Caribbean'}
197
EcJivaL
1,831
1,931
Shuar - Ecuadorian
ec_shuar_2
LEGACY
The forested foothills of the Andes, near the border between Ecuador and Peru, have long been inhabited by the Shuar, subsistence horticulturalists living in autonomous residential hamlets. There are many Shuar groups, but here we focus specifically on the Ecuadorian group commonly known simply as 'Shuar'. Europeans - ...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
32
Lowland Andes
Amazonia
-77.67419
-2.895375
Logrono
EC
Ecuador
South America
31
Amazonia
Brazil, Guyanas, plus Amazonian parts of bordering states
{'id': 6, 'name': 'South America and Caribbean'}
300
RuSibir
1,490
1,598
Sibir Khanate
ru_sibir_khanate
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2025-03-10T14:40:49.919249Z
{'id': 196, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
11
Siberia
Urals, West Siberia, Central Siberia, Yakutia
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
133
PkSind1
854
1,193
Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period
pk_sind_abbasid_fatimid
LEGACY
The Kachi Plain, in modern-day Pakistan, is hemmed in on two of its three sides by the mountains of Baluchistan, while its southeastern side opens up to the Indus Valley. §REF§ (Jarrige &amp; Enault 1976, 29) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. <i>Arts Asiatiques</i> 32: 29-70. §REF...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
13
Kachi Plain
Indo-Gangetic Plain
67.628836
29.377664
Mehrgarh
PK
Pakistan
South Asia
38
Pakistan
Pakistan
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
136
PkSind2
1,335
1,521
Sind - Samma Dynasty
pk_samma_dyn
LEGACY
The Kachi Plain, in modern-day Pakistan, is hemmed in on two of its three sides by the mountains of Baluchistan, while its southeastern side opens up to the Indus Valley. §REF§ (Jarrige &amp; Enault 1976, 29) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. <i>Arts Asiatiques</i> 32: 29-70. §REF...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
13
Kachi Plain
Indo-Gangetic Plain
67.628836
29.377664
Mehrgarh
PK
Pakistan
South Asia
38
Pakistan
Pakistan
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
766
vt_vietnam_socialist_rep
1,975
2,020
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
vt_vietnam_socialist_rep
OTHER_TAG
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
41
Mainland Southeast Asia
Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, south Vietnam
{'id': 10, 'name': 'Southeast Asia'}
468
UzSogdi
604
711
Sogdiana - City-States Period
uz_sogdiana_city_states
LEGACY
General description:<br>The Sogdian City States Period, also referred to by the names of the principal cities of the age, Bukhara and Samarkand dates to between 604 and 711CE. The period ends with the conquest of the region by the Umayyad Dynasty.§REF§(Marshak 1996, 242) Marshak, B. I. 1996. ‘Sughd and Adjacent Regions...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
23
Sogdiana
Turkestan
66.93817
39.631284
Samarkand
UZ
Uzbekistan
Central Eurasia
13
Turkestan
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakstan, Xinjiang
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
666
ni_sokoto_cal
1,804
1,904
Sokoto Caliphate
ni_sokoto_cal
POL_AFR_WEST
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
237
MlSong1
1,376
1,493
Songhai Empire
ml_songhai_1
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2023-11-14T16:29:26.947854Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
5
Sahel
Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad (Arid)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
242
MlSong2
1,493
1,591
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
ml_songhai_2
LEGACY
Third of the great West African empires, the Songhay Empire emerged from a small kingdom based in the Gao region, which was a tributary to the Mali Empire until it started to gain autonomy in the late 14th century CE. §REF§ (Conrad 2005, 12) David C. Conrad. 2005. <i>Empires of Medieval West Africa: Ghana, Mali, and So...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
6
Niger Inland Delta
Sahel
-3.041703
16.717549
Timbuctu
ML
Mali
Africa
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
472
IqSoNeo
-9,000
-5,501
Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic
iq_so_mesopotamia_nl
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
8
Southern Mesopotamia
Levant-Mesopotamia
44.42
32.47
Babylon (Hillah)
IQ
Iraq
Southwest Asia
62
Mesopotamia
Iraq, Kuwait
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
259
CnSouQi
479
502
Southern Qi State
cn_southern_qi_dyn
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2024-05-01T06:35:27.585503Z
{'id': 36, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
59
South China
Yangtze Basin and South China
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
426
CnSSong
1,127
1,279
Southern Song
cn_southern_song_dyn
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2024-01-04T15:59:53.066388Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
59
South China
Yangtze Basin and South China
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
601
ru_soviet_union
1,918
1,991
Soviet Union
ru_soviet_union
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2023-12-12T15:11:33.853424Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
16
Eastern Europe
Belarus, non-Steppe Ukraine and European Russia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
84
EsHabsb
1,516
1,715
Spanish Empire I
es_spanish_emp_1
LEGACY
The Habsburg Dynasty came together as Ferdinand II united the Kingdoms of Aragon and Castile under his rule. When he died in 1516 CE, his grandson Charles I—son of the Aragon Queen Joanna and the Habsburg Philip, a Prince in the Holy Roman Empire—became the first crowned King of All Spain.<br>The Spanish Habsburg empir...
null
null
null
2024-03-14T12:32:06.256900Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
30
Cuzco
Andes
-72.067772
-13.47738
Cuzco
PE
Peru
South America
18
Southern Europe
Iberia, Italy
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
570
es_spanish_emp_2
1,716
1,814
Spanish Empire II
es_spanish_emp_2
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2025-03-10T13:37:06.801778Z
{'id': 95, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
18
Southern Europe
Iberia, Italy
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
718
es_spanish_emp_3
1,815
1,931
Spanish Empire III
es_spanish_emp_3
OTHER_TAG
null
null
null
null
2023-10-30T17:31:47.109391Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
18
Southern Europe
Iberia, Italy
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
768
sl_sri_lanka
1,948
2,020
Sri Lanka
sl_sri_lanka
OTHER_TAG
null
null
null
null
2025-04-15T09:41:31.412053Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
63
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
377
IdSrivi
852
1,200
Srivijaya Empire
id_srivijaya_emp
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
42
Maritime Southeast Asia
Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
{'id': 10, 'name': 'Southeast Asia'}
330
PlTeuton
1,300
1,400
State of the Teutonic Order
pl_teutonic_order
LEGACY
The State of the Teutonic Order was a theocratic state which originated from the Teutonic Knights' efforts to Christianize the Baltic tribes, a mission that began in the early 13th century and continued aggressively throughout the 14th century. This period saw the Knights consolidating their control over Prussia and ex...
null
null
null
2024-02-08T14:04:02.288518Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
15
Central Europe
Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
260
CnSui**
581
618
Sui Dynasty
cn_sui_dyn
LEGACY
China was reunified after the Northern and Southern dynasties period by the short-lived Sui dynasty (581-618 CE). The first Sui emperor Yang Jian dethroned the Northern Zhou emperor and conquered the southern Chen dynasty.§REF§ (Theobald 2000) Theobald, U. 2000. Sui Dynasty (581-618). Chinaknowledge.de. <a href="http:/...
null
null
null
2024-01-04T15:56:44.774181Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
20
Middle Yellow River Valley
North China
112.517587
34.701825
Luoyang
CN
China
East Asia
58
North China
North China without Tibet, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
380
ThSukho
1,238
1,419
Sukhotai
th_sukhotai
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
41
Mainland Southeast Asia
Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, south Vietnam
{'id': 10, 'name': 'Southeast Asia'}
642
so_geledi_sultanate
1,750
1,911
Sultanate of Geledi
so_geledi_sultanate
POL_AFR_EAST
The Geledi Sultanate was part of the Gobroon Dynasty that was either established in the seventeenth or the first half of the eighteenth centuries. The capital of the Geledi Sultanate was the town of Afgoy, located on the lower Shebelle River, twenty km from Mogadishu. §REF§ (Luling 1971, 202) Luling, Virginia. 1971. Th...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
2
East Africa
Tanzania, Burundi, Uganda, So Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
589
in_sur_emp
1,540
1,556
Sur Empire
in_sur_emp
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2023-10-30T11:58:32.392416Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
64
North India
Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
492
IrSusa1
-4,300
-3,800
Susa I
ir_susa_1
LEGACY
The 4300-3800 BCE period in the region of Susiana was the tale of two settlements, the fall of Chogha Mish and the rise of Susa. However, the basic mode of living at this time was in agricultural villages and herding camps so the urban aspect should not be exaggerated. The "Urban Revolution" was to come c3800-3000 BCE....
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
9
Susiana
Levant-Mesopotamia
48.235564
32.382851
Susa (Shush)
IR
Iran
Southwest Asia
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
493
IrSusa2
-3,800
-3,100
Susa II
ir_susa_2
LEGACY
§REF§ (Johnson 1987, 131) Johnson, Gregory A. in Hole, Frank ed. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C. §REF§ <br>Uruk (IrSusa1)"Sometime during the fourth millennium, in the urban center of Uruk (for which the archaeological period is named), southern Mesopotamia acquir...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
9
Susiana
Levant-Mesopotamia
48.235564
32.382851
Susa (Shush)
IR
Iran
Southwest Asia
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
494
IrSusa3
-3,100
-2,675
Susa III
ir_susa_3
LEGACY
While no information could be found in the sources consulted regarding the polity's overall population, it is estimated that the largest settlement - Tall-i Malyan at Fars, Anshan region – may have had up to ten thousand inhabitants. §REF§ (Leverani 2014, 91) Liverani, Mario. Tabatabai, Soraia trans. 2014. The Ancient...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
9
Susiana
Levant-Mesopotamia
48.235564
32.382851
Susa (Shush)
IR
Iran
Southwest Asia
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
490
IrKhzM*
-5,100
-4,700
Susiana - Early Ubaid
ir_susiana_ubaid_1
LEGACY
"Chogha Mish became the largest site on the Susiana plan during the Middle Chalcolithic (Middle Susiana or Susiana b-d), during which time it extended over the whole site, an area of about 15 ha (Delougaz and Kantor 1996: 284). The settlement consisted primarily of domestic houses, most of which appear to have containe...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
9
Susiana
Levant-Mesopotamia
48.235564
32.382851
Susa (Shush)
IR
Iran
Southwest Asia
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
491
IrKhzL*
-4,700
-4,300
Susiana - Late Ubaid
ir_susiana_ubaid_2
LEGACY
This Late Ubaid phase of Susiana ran from 4700-4300 BCE.<br>Eighty six sites have been recorded during the Choga Mish period §REF§ (Hole 1987, 42) §REF§ , showing that settlement hierarchies consisted of two levels: Choga Mish (the administrative or religious centre) and small villages. There was a degree of centralis...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
9
Susiana
Levant-Mesopotamia
48.235564
32.382851
Susa (Shush)
IR
Iran
Southwest Asia
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
487
IrArcha
-7,000
-6,000
Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar
ir_susiana_archaic
LEGACY
"The Archaic Susiana 0 Phase. The appearance of the Painted-Burnished variant of ware, a new class of painted pottery that provides antecedent for the entire Archaic Susiana ceramics, marks the transition to the Archaic period. Another site, Tappe Tuleʾi (named after an edible tuber), southwest of Andimesk in northwest...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
9
Susiana
Levant-Mesopotamia
48.235564
32.382851
Susa (Shush)
IR
Iran
Southwest Asia
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
488
IrKhzE*
-6,000
-5,700
Susiana A
ir_susiana_a
LEGACY
"Chogha Mish was already a sizable settlement by the Early Chalcolithic period (Early Susiana or Susiana a), covering an area of more than 3.5 ha (Delougaz and Kantor 1996: 280). Most other villages rarely exceeded I ha. Architecture consisted of large multiroom houses containing large living spaces and halls, and smal...
null
null
null
2024-11-29T22:47:33.607911Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
9
Susiana
Levant-Mesopotamia
48.235564
32.382851
Susa (Shush)
IR
Iran
Southwest Asia
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
489
IrKhzEM
-5,700
-5,100
Susiana B
ir_susiana_b
LEGACY
Susiana in sixth-fifth millennium: "In all respects, Susiana was large and rich enough to sustain a vigorous indigenous culture in parallel with, and separate from, that of Mesopotamia." §REF§ (Hole 2006, 228) Hole, Frank in Carter, Robert A. Philip, Graham. eds. 2006. Beyond The Ubaid. Transformation and integration i...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
9
Susiana
Levant-Mesopotamia
48.235564
32.382851
Susa (Shush)
IR
Iran
Southwest Asia
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
869
sv_swedish_emp
1,611
1,814
Swedish Empire
sv_swedish_emp
OTHER_TAG
null
Swedish Empire
null
2024-04-26T12:13:52.458442Z
2024-04-26T12:13:52.458457Z
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
17
Northern Europe
Iceland, Scandinavia, Finland, Baltics
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
855
ch_swiss_conf_3
1,799
1,848
Swiss Confederation - Napoleonic period
ch_swiss_conf_3
OTHER_TAG
null
Swiss Confederation
null
2024-04-10T10:16:56.765804Z
2024-04-10T10:16:56.765816Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
15
Central Europe
Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
854
ch_swiss_conf_2
1,516
1,798
Swiss Confederation - early modern period
ch_swiss_conf_2
OTHER_TAG
null
Swiss Confederation
null
2024-04-10T10:16:24.499810Z
2024-04-10T10:16:24.499822Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
15
Central Europe
Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
856
ch_swiss_conf_4
1,849
2,014
Swiss Confederation - modern period
ch_swiss_conf_4
OTHER_TAG
null
Swiss Confederation
null
2024-04-10T10:17:35.105963Z
2024-04-10T10:17:35.105978Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
15
Central Europe
Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
167
TrTabal
-900
-730
Tabal Kingdoms
tr_tabal_k
LEGACY
During the 900-730 BCE period the region of the Konya Plain was occupied by small independent states, that likely first evolved during the Neo-Hittite period. After the Assyrian invasion they became tribute-sending states to the Mesopotamian Empire but were otherwise "free to rule their states in whatever manner they w...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
11
Konya Plain
Anatolia-Caucasus
32.521164
37.877845
Konya
TR
Turkey
Southwest Asia
43
Anatolia-Caucasus
Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
217
DzTahrt
761
909
Tahert
dz_tahert
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
3
Maghreb
From Morocco to Libya
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
843
es_taifas
1,010
1,241
Taifas of Iberia
es_taifas
OTHER_TAG
null
Taifa of Albarracín, Taifa of Santa Maria do Algarve, Taifa of Algeciras, Taifa of Almería, Taifa of Alpuente, Taifa of Arcos, Taifa of Badajoz, Taifa of Carmona, Taifa of Ceuta, Taifa of Córdoba, Taifa of Dénia, Taifa of Granada, Taifa of Saltés and Huelva, Taifa of Murcia, Taifa of Morón, Taifa of
null
2024-04-10T08:31:37.688775Z
2024-04-10T08:31:37.688789Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
18
Southern Europe
Iberia, Italy
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
436
CoTairo
1,050
1,524
Tairona
co_tairona
LEGACY
The name Tairona is generally used in reference to the indigenous groups of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (a mountain range that stretches along Colombia's Caribbean coast) that came in contact with the Spanish in the sixteenth century, but it is also applied to the prehistoric societies that inhabited that same are...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
31
North Colombia
Caribbean
-73.640388
10.780287
Santa Marta
CO
Colombia
South America
21
Caribbean
Caribbean islands, Panama, coastal Columbia-Venezuela
{'id': 6, 'name': 'South America and Caribbean'}
261
CnTangE
617
763
Tang Dynasty I
cn_tang_dyn_1
LEGACY
The Tang Dynasty is widely considered a cultural and political high point of imperial China. The dynasty was founded by Li Yuan, the Duke of Tang, when the threat of insurrection forced the previous Sui dynasty court to flee from Luoyang, the capital, to Yangzhou. Li Yuan marched to Luoyang and seized the abandoned cap...
null
JR: This was previously named "Early Tang". However, Ruth Mostern noted that our use of "Early Tang" for 617-763 CE and "Later Tang" for 763-907 was confusing because "Later Tang" is used by historians to refer to a short-lived regime 923-37.
null
2024-04-15T14:36:42.507728Z
{'id': 15, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
20
Middle Yellow River Valley
North China
112.517587
34.701825
Luoyang
CN
China
East Asia
58
North China
North China without Tibet, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
264
CnTangL
763
907
Tang Dynasty II
cn_tang_dyn_2
LEGACY
The Tang Dynasty is widely considered a cultural and political high point of imperial China. The dynasty was founded by Li Yuan, the Duke of Tang, when the threat of insurrection forced the previous Sui dynasty court to flee from Luoyang, the capital, to Yangzhou. Li Yuan marched to Luoyang and seized the abandoned cap...
null
JR: This was previously named "Later Tang". However, Ruth Mostern noted that our use of "Early Tang" for 617-763 CE and "Later Tang" for 763-907 was confusing because "Later Tang" is used by historians to refer to a short-lived regime 923-37.
null
2024-04-15T14:33:24.590598Z
{'id': 12, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
20
Middle Yellow River Valley
North China
112.517587
34.701825
Luoyang
CN
China
East Asia
58
North China
North China without Tibet, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
581
gt_tikal_terminal_classic
870
950
Terminal Classic Tikal
gt_tikal_terminal_classic
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
23
Mexico
Mexico
{'id': 7, 'name': 'North America'}
11
MxFormT
-100
99
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico
mx_basin_of_mexico_6
LEGACY
The Basin or Valley of Mexico is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly corresponding to modern-day Mexico City. Here, we are interested in the phase of its prehistory known as the Terminal Formative period (c. 100 BCE-99 CE). The most notable aspect of this period is the emergence of Teotihuacan as the largest ...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
27
Basin of Mexico
Mexico
-99.13
19.43
Ciudad de Mexico
MX
Mexico
North America
23
Mexico
Mexico
{'id': 7, 'name': 'North America'}
761
th_reform_period_thailand
1,887
1,932
Thailand Reform Period
th_reform_period_thailand
OTHER_TAG
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
41
Mainland Southeast Asia
Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, south Vietnam
{'id': 10, 'name': 'Southeast Asia'}
699
in_thanjavur_maratha_k
1,675
1,799
Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom
in_thanjavur_maratha_k
POL_SA_SI
The Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom was established in 1675 CE when the Maratha general Ekoji Bhonsle took control of Thanjavur and crowned himself Raja of the Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom. The capital of the Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom was the city of Thanjavur. The Thanjavur Maratha kings were devout Shaivist Hindus and contrib...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
40
Southern India
Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
74
GrCrEmr
824
961
The Emirate of Crete
gr_crete_emirate
LEGACY
Between 824 and 962, Crete was ruled by Andalusian Arabs. The latter had taken the island from the Byzantines (who subsequently lost the control of the maritime trade routes in the Aegean specifically and the eastern Mediterranean generally), and made it into an emirate, with Khandax, i.e. modern-day Heraklion, as its ...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
4
Crete
Southeastern Europe
25.1442
35.3387
Heraklion
GR
Greece
Europe
19
Southeastern Europe
Frm. Yugoslavia, Romania-Moldova, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
271
UaSky3K
-429
-225
Third Scythian Kingdom
ua_skythian_k_3
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
16
Eastern Europe
Belarus, non-Steppe Ukraine and European Russia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
394
CnTibet
620
846
Tibet Kingdom
cn_tibet_k
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
12
Tibet
Tibet
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
370
UzTimur
1,370
1,526
Timurid Empire
uz_timurid_emp
LEGACY
The Timurid Emirate was a polity begun by Timur who was initially an amir within the Chagatai Khanate. §REF§ (Wise Bauer 2013, 558) Wise Bauer, S. 2013. The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople. W. W. Norton &amp; Company. §REF§ After taking power at Bal...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
23
Sogdiana
Turkestan
66.93817
39.631284
Samarkand
UZ
Uzbekistan
Central Eurasia
13
Turkestan
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakstan, Xinjiang
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
580
bo_titicaca_early_pacajes
1,150
1,450
Titicaca Basin - Early Pacajes phase
bo_titicaca_early_pacajes
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
32
Andes
From Ecuador to Chile
{'id': 6, 'name': 'South America and Caribbean'}
230
DzTlmcn
1,235
1,554
Tlemcen
dz_tlemcen
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
3
Maghreb
From Morocco to Libya
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
467
AfTochr
-129
29
Tocharians
af_tocharian
LEGACY
The period of Sogdian and Bactrian history between the disintegration of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom in the late 2nd century BCE and the rise of the Kushan Empire in the 1st century CE is poorly understood. The region was politically fragmented and the local settled populations were subjected to nomadic invasions, notab...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
23
Sogdiana
Turkestan
66.93817
39.631284
Samarkand
UZ
Uzbekistan
Central Eurasia
8
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
152
JpTokgw
1,603
1,868
Tokugawa Shogunate
jp_tokugawa_shogunate
LEGACY
The Tokugawa period, also known as the Edo period, ran from 1603 to 1868 CE. Sometimes the slightly earlier start date of 1600 is chosen in recognition of Tokugawa Ieyasu's decisive victory at the Battle of Sekigahara; however, we have selected the 1603 date, which marks his official appointment as shogun. Although the...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
21
Kansai
Northeast Asia
135.7622
35.02528
Kyoto
JP
Japan
East Asia
14
Northeast Asia
Korea, Japan, forest part of Manchuria, Russian Far East
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
14
MxToltc
900
1,199
Toltecs
mx_toltec
LEGACY
The Basin or Valley of Mexico is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly corresponding to modern-day Mexico City. Here, we are interested in the period when the Basin was under the control of a city known as Tula (c. 900-1199 CE). Some scholars have argued that Tula corresponded to Tollan, the capital of the Tolt...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
27
Basin of Mexico
Mexico
-99.13
19.43
Ciudad de Mexico
MX
Mexico
North America
23
Mexico
Mexico
{'id': 7, 'name': 'North America'}
684
Toro
1,830
1,896
Toro
ug_toro_k
POL_AFR_EAST
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
2
East Africa
Tanzania, Burundi, Uganda, So Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
625
zi_torwa_rozvi
1,494
1,850
Torwa-Rozvi
zi_torwa_rozvi
POL_AFR_SA
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
6
Southern Africa
Namibia, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique and south
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
623
zi_toutswe
700
1,250
Toutswe
zi_toutswe
POL_AFR_SA
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
6
Southern Africa
Namibia, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique and south
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
638
so_tunni_sultanate
800
1,200
Tunni Sultanate
so_tunni_sultanate
POL_AFR_EAST
The Tunni Sultanate was a Somalian Sultanate that originated sometime in the nineth century CE on the Benadir Coast. The Tunni Sultanate had established its capital at Qoryooley. §REF§ (Mukhtar 2003, 50) Mukhtar, Mohamed H. 2003. Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. Seshat URL: <a href="...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
2
East Africa
Tanzania, Burundi, Uganda, So Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
276
CnTuyhn
300
663
Tuyuhun
cn_tuyuhun
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
9
Mongolia
Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, the steppe part of Manchuria
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
782
BdBhuyans
1,538
1,612
Twelve Bhuyans
bd_twelve_bhuyans
OTHER_TAG
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
37
Eastern South Asia
Bangladesh + Indian states of West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, and Sikkim
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
473
IqUbaid
-5,500
-4,201
Ubaid
iq_ubaid
LEGACY
The name of 'Ubaid polity' derives from the archaeological site - Tell al-Ubaid located about six km west of Ur along the Euphrates River in Southern Iraq. This socio-cultural entity is characterized by homogeneous material culture, mainly pottery ('black-on-buff pottery'). However the Ubaid is defined and perceived in...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
8
Southern Mesopotamia
Levant-Mesopotamia
44.42
32.47
Babylon (Hillah)
IQ
Iraq
Southwest Asia
62
Mesopotamia
Iraq, Kuwait
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}